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the DST under the eDST

System, the Documentary


Stamp Tax Return (BIR
Form 2000) shall be filed
and the amount due
thereon shall be paid thru
the eFPS/eFTIS for tax-
payers/Authorized Agent
Banks (AABs) on their
own tax liabilities, respec-
tively. However, pay-
ments of DST arising
from transfer of shares of
stocks classified as capital
asset or real property
classified as capital or
ordinary assets, shall not
be covered by these Reg-
ulations.

Taxpayers that are man-
dated to use and/or vol-
untarily availing of the
eDST System shall enroll
in the said system, in ac-
cordance with the provi-
sions of the applicable
regulations, circulars and
orders. For juridical enti-
ties or persons, the en-
rollment shall be made by
authorized natural per-
sons specified in the com-
panys board resolution.

For taxpayers under the
jurisdiction of the Large
Taxpayers Service (LTS)
and taxpayers adopting

REVENUE REGULA-
TIONS NO. 7 - 2009

These Regulations are
promulgated to imple-
ment the Electronic Docu-
mentary Stamp Tax
(eDST) System as re-
placement of Documen-
tary Stamp Tax Electronic
Imprinting Machine
(DSEIM) thereby amend-
ing certain provisions of
Revenue Regulations No.
9-2000, as amended.

Any taxpayer belonging
to the following industries
is mandated to use the
web-based eDST System
in the payment/
remittance of its/his/her
DST liabilities and the
affixture of the prescribed
documentary stamp on
taxable documents, ex-
cept those expressly ex-
empted by the Commis-
sioner of Internal Reve-
nue, on meritorious
grounds:

1. Bank, quasi-bank or
non-bank financial
intermediary, finance
company, or insur-
ance, surety, fidelity,
or annuity company;
2. Shipping and airline
companies;
3. Pre-need company on
sale of pre-need
plans, as provided
under Section 186 of
the Tax Code;
4. Educational institution
in respect to the issu-
ance of taxable certif-
icates such as Diplo-
ma, Transcript of Rec-
ords, and other docu-
ments taxable as cer-
tificates under Section
188 of the Tax Code;
and
5. Such other industries
as may be required
by the Commissioner
to use the web-
based eDST System
upon written notifica-
tion therefore.

These Regulations shall
also apply to taxpayers
who, at their option,
choose to pay their DST
liabilities thru the eDST
System.

Prior to the enrollment in
the eDST System, tax-
payers availing thereof,
whether on the mandato-
ry or optional basis, shall
be duly enrolled under
the BIR eFPS. In paying
BIR ISSUANCES FOR THE MONTH OF
SEPTEMBER
SEPTEMBER 2009 VOLUME II ISSUE No. 9
LCA LCA LCA
LINES LINES LINES
Inside this issue:
Continuation of
BIR issuances
for the month
of September
2
Jurisprudence 7
JLs Corner 14




centralized DST payment
scheme, enrollment shall be
made by their respective
Head Offices as the lone Ac-
count Owner. On the other
hand, taxpayers with decen-
tralized DST payment
scheme may, at their option,
designate one or more de-
partments/branches as au-
thorized Account Owner.

Once registered under the
eDST System, the Account
Owner may authorize as
many users he/she deems
necessary in the companys
business operations without
the need for prior approval
by the BIR.


REVENUE MEMORANDUM
ORDER NO. 28-2009


RMO No. 28-2009 issued on
September 18, 2009 adjusts
the reimbursable transporta-
tion allowance of Revenue
Officers, Collection Officers/
Agents, Seizure Agents, Le-
gal Officers/Trial Attorney
and Messengers/Liaison Of-
ficers.

REVENUE MEMORANDUM
ORDER NO. 29-2009


This Order issued on Sep-
tember 30, 2009 prescribes
the guidelines and proce-
dures in the administration
of the mandatory Written
Competency Examination
(WCE) for all Revenue Offic-
ers of the Assessment Group
in order to enhance their
capabilities and competen-
cies through appropriate
training programs, and to
eventually determine their
respective places of assign-
ment.


ternet Banking Facility
(iAccess) where customers
can view, monitor and
print their transaction his-
tory or enroll in their
Phone Banking

Facility (Phone Access) to
inquire their deposit bal-
ances, transactions and
request their bank state-
ment. Moreover, account
holders may request their
depositary branch for a
copy of their bank state-
ment but with a fee of P
20.00/page and holding
Fee of P100.00, to be deb-
ited from their account, if
not claimed or picked-up
within a month.


REVENUE MEMORANDUM
CIRCULAR NO. 50-2009

RMC NO. 50-2009 issued on
September 16, 2009 reiter-
ates the implementation of
RMC No. 19-2009 re: Tran-
sition Procedures Relative to
the Issuance and Cancella-
tion of Permit to Use Cash
Register Machine (CRM),
Point-of-Sale (POS) Ma-
chine, Special Purpose Ma-
chine (SPM) and other simi-
lar machines.

The said Circular directs all
Regional Directors, Revenue
District Officers (RDOs),
Chiefs of Large Taxpayer
Assistance Division (LTAD) I
and II, Head of Large Tax-
payer District Offices
(LTDOs) and others con-
cerned to implement strictly
the workaround procedures
on the issuance of permits
provided under RMC No. 19-
2009 and to comply with
the three (3) working day
processing time from the
receipt of the complete re-
quirements accompanying
the application.

The receipt of the applica-
Page 2 LCA LINES


REVENUE MEMORANDUM
CIRCULAR NO. 49-2009


RMC No. 49-2009 issued on
September 16, 2009 publish-
es the full text of letter from
the Land Bank of the Philip-
pines (LBP) regarding the
features and charges in de-
posit accounts which will be
implemented effective Octo-
ber 1, 2009.

The following are the fea-
tures and charges in the de-
posit accounts of LBP effec-
tive October 1, 2009:
A. New Deposit Require-
ments of Regular Pass-
book (Peso) Savings Ac-
count:
INDIVIDUAL ACCOUNT
Accounts affected by the
new deposit requirements
have an option to increase
their ADB to avoid service
charges. Existing Regular
Peso Savings Passbook Ac-
counts can also be convert-
ed to an ATM account on or
before October 1, 2009.

B. LBP Fees and Charges:
Peso Savings Account,
Current Account, Easy
Savings Plus (ESP)
US Dollar Savings Ac-
count
C. Issuance of Bank State-
ment:
Effective October 2009, LBP
shall no longer issue bank
statements for ATM savings
accounts. Account holders
are advised to enroll their
ATM accounts in LBPs In-
tion via electronic mail
must be acknowledged
upon verification of the
correctness, completeness
and validity of all infor-
mation provided by the
applicant; otherwise, con-
cerned revenue personnel
must specify the infor-
mation needed to complete
the application for the issu-
ance of the Permit to
Use.

On the part of the accredit-
ed suppliers/taxpayer-
users, no document is re-
quired for their application
for registration of CRM/
POS/SPM and other sales
machines and for subse-
quent issuance of the
Permit to Use. Only a
Sworn Statement (Annex A
of Revenue memorandum
Order No. 10-2005) is re-
quired for submission by
taxpayer-users for the reg-
istration of non-accredited
machines.

Each permit must be
signed or approved by the

Page 3 VOLUME II ISSUE No. 9
RDO/Chief of LTAD I & II
and LTDO where the tax-
payer-user is registered
or where the machine/s
will be used prior to the
issuance of the said per-
mit.

REVENUE MEMORAN-
DUM CIRCULAR NO. 51
-2009


RMC No. 51-2009 issued
on September 16, 2009
clarifies the requirement
for the submission of
Summary Lists of Sales
(SLS)/Summary Lists of
Purchases (SLP); the
imposition of penalties
for their non-submission;
the issuance of Subpoe-
na Duces Tecum (SDT);
and the imposition of
penalties for failure to
obey summons, pursuant
to Revenue Regulations
(RR) No. 8-2002, as in-
corporated in RR No. 16-
2005, and Revenue
Memorandum Order
(RMO) No. 12-2009.

All VAT-registered per-
sons with total quarterly
sales/ receipts (net
of VAT) exceeding P
2,500,000.00
are re- quired to sub-
mit SLSs while all VAT-
registered persons with total quarterly purchases
(net of VAT) exceeding P 1,000,000.00 are re-
quired to submit SLPs.

The quarterly SLS/SLP, whichever is applicable,
shall be submitted to the Revenue District Office
(RDO)/Large Taxpayers District Office (LTDO)/
Large Taxpayers Audit and Investigation Division
(LTAID) having jurisdiction over he concerned tax-
payer, on or before 35
th
day of the month following
the close of the taxable quarter (VAT calendar
quarter or VAT fiscal quarter).
Any taxpayer who, under established revenue rules
and regulations, fails to submit the required SLS/
SLP, shall be subject to an administrative penalty in
the amount of P 1,000.00 for each such failure, in
accordance with the provisions of RR No. 8-2002,
as incorporated in RR No. 16-2005. For this pur-
pose, failure to supply the required information for
each buyer or seller of goods and services shall
constitute a single punishable act or omission. How-
ever, the aggregate amount of penalties to be im-
CODE OFFICE
A-1 Office of the
Senior Deputy
Commissioner

A-1-1 Office of the
Deputy Com-
missioner,
Operations
Group
A-1-2 Office of the
Deputy Com-
missioner,
Information
Systems
Group
A-1-3 Office of the
Deputy Com-
missioner,
Resource
Management
Group
A-1-4 Office of the
Deputy Com-
missioner,
Legal and In-
spection
Group
Deposit
Re-
quirem
ent
Amount
(P)
Minimum
Initial
Deposit
10,000
Required
Minimum
Average
Daily
Balance
10,000
Required
Daily
Balance
to Earn
Interest
10,000
Features/ Fees Peso Ac-
counts
US$ Sav-
ings Ac-
count
Fee For Falling Below
the Required Average
Daily Balance (ADB)
P 200 $ 5
Closing Fee (within 30
days from opening of
account)
P 200 P 200
Dormancy Fee P 200 $5
Interbank ATM With-
drawal Fee (including
Cash Card)
P 10 -
Fee for Printing and
Reprinting SOA/Bank
Statement
P 20/page P 20/page
Holding fee for Re-
quested Statement of
Account (SOA)/Bank
Statements Not
Claimed/Picked-up
within a month

P 100 P 100

Page 4 LCA LINES
posed for such failures
during a taxable year
shall not exceed P
25,000.00, in observance
of Section 250 of the Na-
tional Internal Revenue
Code (NIRC), as amend-
ed. In addition to admin-
istrative penalties, the act
of non-submission of an
SLS/SLP in the format
prescribed by the Bureau
shall be tantamount to
willful failure to supply
correct and accurate in-
formation, and shall be
criminally punishable un-
der Section 255 of the
NIRC (as amended). The
submission of erroneous/
incomplete/falsified infor-
mation in a particular
SLS/SLP shall be consid-
ered as an act of non-
submission, and therefore
subject to the aforesaid
penalties.
Every instance of failure
on the part of the taxpay-
er to comply with the re-
quirement to submit the
SLS/SLP after due notice
shall be considered as
sufficient grounds for the
issuance of a Subpoena
Duces Tecum mandating
the immediate submission
of the aforesaid SLS/SLP.
The issuance of the SDT,
however, shall not be ne-
gated by mere payment
of the administrative pen-
alty. Moreover, upon sub-
mission of the required
SLS/SLP in compliance
with the SDT, the con-
cerned taxpayer must pay
a compromise penalty in
the amount of P
10,000.00 for each non-
submission of the re-
quired SLS/SLP, in ac-
cordance with the provi-
sions of RMO No. 12-
2009.
If a taxpayer still fails to
submit the required SLS/
SLP, in the format pre-
scribed by the Bureau,
despite the issuance of
an SDT, the Revenue
District Officer (RDO)/
LTDO Head/LTAID Chief
concerned shall recom-
mend the filing of crimi-
nal action against the
taxpayer, for violation of
Sec.255 (Failure to File
BIR Return, Supply Cor-
rect and Accurate Infor-
mation), as well as for
violation of Sec. 266
(Failure to Obey Sum-
mons). If the taxpayer
concerned is a corpora-
tion, an association or a
general co-partnership,
the sanctions mandated
under Sec. 256 (Penal
Liability of Corporations)
of the NIRC shall likewise
be imposed and invoked
in the filing of a criminal
case against the taxpay-
er.

The RDO/LTDO/LTAID
having jurisdiction over
the taxpayer who fails to
comply with the duly-
issued SDT shall forward
the necessary report to
the Regional Director
(Attn: The Chief, Legal
Division) or to the Assis-
tant Commissioner
(ACIR), Legal Service
(Attn: The Chief, Prose-
cution Division), as the
case may be, attesting to
the taxpayers non-
compliance with the SDT
and recommending the
filing of a criminal case
against the taxpayer.
Thereafter, the Legal
Division of the concerned
Region or the Prosecu-
tion Division at the Na-
tional Office, as the case
may be, shall be respon-
sible for the institution of
criminal action against
the taxpayer himself, or
in cases where the tax-
payer is a juridical entity,
the responsible officer of
the corporation/
association/general co-
partnership.
The late submission of
an SLS/SLP on or before
the deadlines mandated
by the Bureau is consid-
ered tantamount to non-
submission of the said
document. Therefore the
late submission of an
SLS/SLP is also subject
to administrative penal-
ties in the amount of P
1,000.00 for each late
submission.

Compromise penalties
may be imposed, and the
Subpoena Duces Tecum
issued, for violations per-
taining to a period/
periods prior to the issu-
ance of RMO No. 12-
2009. However, such
actions cannot be con-
strued as a retroactive
implementation of the
RMO inasmuch as the
submission of the re-
quired SLS/SLP has yet to
be complied with by the
concerned taxpayer.
Therefore, regardless of
the period(s) involved,
the taxpayer continues to
be in violation of existing
rules and regulations rela-
tive to the submission of
SLSs/SLPs. Moreover, RR
No. 8-2002, as incorpo-
rated in RR No. 16-2005,
specifically states that:
Finally, the admin-
istrative penalty
shall be imposed at
all times, upon due
notice and demand
by the Commission-
er of Internal Reve-
nue. A Subpoena
Duces Tecum for the
submission of the
required documents
shall be issued on
the second offense.
A third offense shall
set the motion for a
criminal prosecution
of the offend-
er. (Sec. 5 [Penalty
Provision], RR No. 8
-2002; Sec. 4. 114-
3. (i) [Penalty
Clause], RR No. 16-
2005)
The imposition of the ap-
propriate penalties shall
be applicable for every
non-submission of a sum-
mary List, whether it is an
SLS or an SLP, in the for-

Page 5 VOLUME II ISSUE No. 9
mat prescribed by the
Bureau. Likewise, each
non-submission is consid-
ered as grounds for the
issuance of an SDT.

The signing of SDT may
be delegated to the fol-
lowing revenue officials:
1. For the BIR National
Office
The ACIR, Legal Ser-
vice;
The HREA, Legal Ser-
vice, or the concerned
HREA, Large Taxpay-
ers Service; or,
The concerned LTAID
Chief/TDO Head, as
may be specially au-
thorized, in writing,
by the Commissioner
2. For the Regional Offices
The Regional Director,
or in his/her absence,
the Asst. Regional
Director;
The chief, Legal Divi-
sion; or
The concerned Reve-
nue District Officer, as
may be authorized by
the Regional Director,
through the appropri-
ate Regional Delega-
tion Order
RR No. 8-2002 (as incor-
porated in RR No. 16-
2005), mandates that 2
notices must be sent to
the taxpayer. The first
notice shall notify the tax-
payer of his/her failure
to submit the pertinent
SLS/SLP, as well as of
the imposition of the ad-
ministrative penalty
ranging from P 1,000.00
to P 25,000.00 and shall
constitute the first of-
fense of the taxpayer.
The second notice shall
be sent upon the first
notice and shall contain a
warning that non-
compliance with the se-
cond notice shall be con-
sidered as the taxpayers
second offense, and that
the appropriate SDT shall
be issued. Since there is
no provision in RMO No.
12-2009 that repeals this
requirement, it is there-
fore considered as valid
and applicable.

REVENUE MEMORAN-
DUM CIRCULAR NO.
52-2009

RMC No. 52-2009 issued
on September 22, 2009
circularizes the celebra-
tion of the 20
th
National
Statistics Month (NSM) in
October, 2009.


REVENUE MEMORAN-
DUM CIRCULAR NO.
47-2009

RMC 47-2009 publishes
the full text of Circular
No. 2009-002
Reinstituting Selective
Pre-Audit on Government
Transactions dated 18
May 2009.

Pre-audit shall be selec-
tively reinstituted in na-
tional government agen-
cies (NGAs), local gov-
ernment units (LGUs)
and government-owned
and controlled corpora-
tions (GOCCs) with origi-
nal charters, with any,
some or all of the follow-
ing transactions:
1. Cash advances;
2. Payments of salaries
and terminal leave
benefits;
3. Payments for infra-
structure projects;
4. Payments for road
right-of-way;
5. Payments for pro-
curement of capital
assets, goods and
services;
6. Payments made thru
automatic debit ad-
vice (ADA);
7. Release of funds to
NGOs/Pos;
8. Transfers of funds
between government
agencies subject to
the exceptions pro-
vided in the Circular;
9. Disbursements from
trust funds of LGUs,
as limited in the Cir-
cular;
10. Disposal of real prop-
erty and unservicea-
ble property, subject
to the limitations
provided in the Cir-
cular.
Subsequent identification
of the NGAs, LGUs and
GOCCs and their respec-
tive transactions that
may be included or ex-
cluded in pre-audit shall
proceed from the results
of an evaluation of the
internal control system
put in place and operat-
ing in each agency. Na-
tional high schools,
GOCCs audited under the
team approach and ba-
rangays shall be initially
exempt from pre-audit.

Except for cash advances
for payroll, intelligence
funds, petty cash funds
and those granted for
local travel expenses of
officers and employees,
all other cash advances
including those for for-
eign travels funded out
of the local funds regard-
less of amount shall pass
through pre-audit.

The liquidation of cash
advances shall first be
audited and the corre-
sponding Credit Notice
issued before the same
shall be taken up in the
books.

Only the advance pay-
ments granted to con-
tractors as well as the
first and last progress
billings of contracts for
infrastructure projects,
the contract amount of
which falls within the
aforecited threshold shall
be subject to pre-audit.
First progress billing rep-
resents claims made for
the first collection on the
work accomplished in a
particular project. In the

Page 6 LCA LINES
payment for said ser-
vices shall be subject to
pre-audit. First pay-
ments involving exten-
sion of contracts shall
also be pre-audited.

First and last payments
of contracts entered into
through any of the vari-
ous modes of procure-
ment involving an
amount of at least P2
Million for NGAs, GOCCs,
cities within Metro Ma-
nila, other highly urban-
ized cities and first class
provinces; P1 Million for
provinces/cities below
first class; and
P500,000.00 for munici-
palities, shall be subject
to pre-audit. Procure-
ment between govern-
ment agencies or instru-
mentalities shall be ex-
empt from pre-audit.
For foreign-funded or
locally-funded infrastruc-
ture projects that shall
be paid through Auto-
matic Debit Advice
(ADA), pre-audit shall be
performed on the docu-
ments to be submitted
as basis for payment,
such as but not limited
to the approved dis-
bursement vouchers, if
applicable, statement of
expenditures, list of due
and demandable ac-
counts payable and their
supporting documents.
For procurement paid
through ADA, pre-audit
shall be performed on
the approved disburse-
ment voucher duly sup-
ported by the regular
documentary require-
ments for the specific
transaction.

All releases of funds to
NGOs/Pos shall be sub-
ject to pre-audit. The
audit shall be carried out
taking into consideration
the requirements and
guidelines provided in
COA Circular No. 2007-
001 dated 25 October
2007 and subsequent
amendments thereto.
No subsequent releases
shall be made unless
previous release is liqui-
dated, and the liquida-
tion documents are post-
audited and properly
taken up in the books.

All transfers of funds ei-
ther thru funding check
or bank transfer between
and among bank ac-
counts of government
agencies or between dif-
ferent bank accounts of
the same government
agency regardless of
amount shall be subject
to pre-audit.

Fund transfers within
and between govern-
ment banks, transfers of
funds to addresses an
emergency or calamity,
releases of NCAs by the
Department of Budget
and Management (DBM),
and releases of NTAs
from department/central
offices to operating units
shall be exempt from pre
-audit.

The pre-audit of trust
funds of LGUs shall only
pre-audit of the last pro-
gress billing, all previous
payments shall be con-
sidered.

All claims for road right-
of-way shall be subject
to pre-audit taking into
consideration the provi-
sions of Republic Act
(RA) No. 8974 [An Act
To Facilitate The Acquisi-
tion Of Right-Of-Way For
National Government
Infrastructure Projects]
and its implementing
rules and regulations.

Procurement of capital
assets shall include land
and building. Procure-
ment of goods and ser-
vices includes acquisition
of supplies, material,
general support services,
labor, equipment and
motor vehicles by the
government, regardless
of the source of fund.
For this purpose, pro-
curement of construction
materials for projects
implemented by admin-
istration shall be treated
as procurement of goods
and services and shall be
subject to the same to
the same rules provided
in the Circular, taking
the total project cost and
not the individual trans-
actions as basis of its
coverage in or exclusion
from pre-audit.

General support services
shall include only those
which are recurring and
fixed in nature, such as
but not limited to rent-
als, janitorial and securi-
ty services, and solid
waste management re-
gardless of the amount
involved. Only the first
cover disbursements of
the trust funds received
from the national gov-
ernment or from GOCCs.

Pre-audit of disposal of
real property shall cover
only those undertaken
through negotiated sales
involving an amount of
at least P1 Million. Ne-
gotiated sale of acquired
assets of government
financial institutions
amounting to at least
P50 Million, except those
disposed to previous
owners in the exercise of
their right of redemption,
shall be subject to pre-
audit. For unserviceable
property and those no
longer needed, only ne-
gotiated sales involving
an amount of at least
P500,000.00, whether
valued individually or by
lot, shall be subject to
pre-audit.

REVENUE ADMINIS-
TRATIVE ORDER NO.
13-2009

RAO No. 13-2009 issued
on September 18, 2009
amends the title of Reve-
nue Region No. 5, Valen-
zuela to Revenue Region
No. 5, Caloocan. The
amendment is in line
with the Bureaus efforts
of bringing revenue ser-
vice closer to the taxpay-
ing public by proper
identification of the place
of business of Revenue
Region No. 5.





Page 7 VOLUME II ISSUE No. 9
JURISPRUDENCE
JOAQUIN P. OBIETA
vs.
EDWARD CHEOK
G.R. No. 170072, Sep-
tember 3, 2009



FACTS: The present
controversy sprung from
an intra-corporate dispute
filed by Edward Check
(Check) against Republic
Resources and Develop-
ment Corporation
(REDECO) and Joaquin P.
Obit (Obieta) in his capac-
ity as its corporate secre-
tary seeking the issuance
of certificate of stocks at
the new par value in lieu
of his four REDECO street
certificates.

REDECO and Obieta, con-
tended that Check did not
present any proof that the
street certificates had
been endorsed or as-
signed to him. Further-
more, considering the
issuance of those certifi-
cates was not reflected in
the corporation's stock
and transfer book, they
validly denied Check's
request.

The Regional Trial Court
(RTC) held that those cer-
tificates were genuine.
Thus, Obieta acted negli-
gently in refusing Check's
request.

The appeal of REDECO
and Obieta was not per-
fected, thus, the RTC de-
cision became final and
executor. RTC issued a
writ of execution and or-
dered Obieta to deliver his
Valley Golf and Country
Club (VGCC) stock certifi-
cate to the branch sheriff
so that it may be sold in
public auction. Obieta
refused; hence, he was
cited for contempt of
court.

Obieta assailed the orders
of the RTC (citing him for
contempt) via a petition
for certiorari and prohibi-
tion in the Court of Ap-
peals (CA).

CA held that Obieta was
solidarily liable with RE-
DECO.

ISSUE: Whether or not
the decision of the RTC
already attained finality
prior to the filing of the
appeal.

RULING: The RTC deci-
sion has already become
final and executor prior to
the filing of the appeal.
The appeal of the decision
of the RTC (holding
Obieta solidarily liable
with REDECO for the
judgment obligation) was
never perfected. Further-
more, neither REDECO
nor Obieta assailed the
orders dismissing the no-
tice of appeal. Thus, the
said decision became final
and executory.



Page 8 LCA LINES

PEOPLE OF THE PHIL-
IPPINES
vs.
ANTONIO ORTIZ,
CHARITO CHAVEZ,
EDWIN DASILIO and
JERRY DOE
G.R. No. 179944, Sep-
tember 4, 2009

FACTS: Antonio Ortiz
(Ortiz), Charito Chavez
(Chavez), Edwin Dasilio
(Dasillo) and Jerry Doe
(Jerry) while all armed
with guns, by means of
force and violence against
the persons of spouses
BBB and AAA at their resi-
dence, carried away the
spouses personal belong-
ings and cash, but before
leaving with the loots,
Ortiz, Chavez, Dasillo,
and Jerry, with violence,
force and intimidation at
gun point succeeded in
having carnal knowledge
with AAA, one after the
other, in taking their
turns in satisfying their
carnal desires, against her
will, to the damage and
prejudice of the spouses.
Ortiz, Chavez and Dasilio
pleaded not guilty to the
charge.
The trial court rendered a
decision convicting Ortiz,
Chavez, Dasillo and Jerry
for the crime charged.
The Court of Appeals (CA)
affirmed the ruling of the
trial court with modifica-
tions.
ISSUE: Whether or not
the trial court erred in
finding Ortiz, Chavez,
Dasillo and Jerry guilty
beyond reasonable doubt
for Robbery with Multiple
Rape.
RULING: The trial court
did not err in finding
Ortiz, Chavez, Dasillo and
Jerry guilty beyond rea-
sonable doubt for Robbery
with Multiple Rape.
Robbery with rape is com-
mitted when the following
elements concur: (1) the
taking of personal proper-
ty is committed with vio-
lence against or intimida-
tion of persons; (2) the
property taken belongs to
another; (3) the taking is
characterized by intent to
gain or animus lucrandi;
(4) the robbery is accom-
panied by rape.
The first three elements
were proven by the estab-
lished facts in court.
Absent any showing that
the trial court overlooked
or misappreciated certain
JURISPRUDENCE
JURISPRUDENCE
Page 9 VOLUME II ISSUE No. 9
CIVIL SERVICE COM-
MISSION
vs.
FATIMA A. MACUD
G.R. No. 177531, Sep-
tember 10, 2009


FACTS: As a require-
ment for her appointment
as Teacher I of the De-
partment of Education,
Marawi City, Fatima A.
Macud (Macud) submitted
her Personal Data Sheet
(PDS). Her declaration in
the said PDS is that she
successfully passed the
Professional Board Exami-
nation for Teachers
(PBET).
Investigations were there-
upon conducted to verify
the eligibility of newly
appointed teachers. In-
vestigation showed that
Macud deliberately al-
lowed another person to
take the examination for
and in her behalf. There-
after, Macud was formally
charged with Dishonesty,
Grave Misconduct and
Conduct Prejudicial to the
Best Interest of the Ser-
vice before the regional
office and was later on
found guilty by the Civil
Service Commission Re-
gional Office XII (CSCRO
XXII). The Civil Service
eligibility of Macud was
revoked and cancelled.
Macuds motion for recon-
sideration of the Decision
was denied. Her appeal
to the CSC Central Office
was likewise denied.

The Court of Appeals (CA)
granted Macuds petition
and set aside the deci-
sions of the CSC Central
Office and CSCRO XII on
the sole ground of lack of
jurisdiction.
CSCs subsequent motion
for reconsideration was
denied by the CA.

ISSUE: Whether or not
the Court of Appeals erred
in ruling that the Investi-
gating Committee formed
under R.A. 4670 has ex-
clusive jurisdiction to try
the administrative case
against Macud.

RULING: The Court of
Appeals erred in ruling
that the Investigating
Committee formed under
R.A. 4670 has exclusive
jurisdiction to try the ad-
ministrative case against
Macud.

CSC is the constitutional
body charged with the
establishment and admin-
istration of a career civil
service which embraces
all branches and agencies
of the government.

Article IX-B, Section 2(1)
of the 1987 Constitution
provides:

Section 2. (1) The
civil service em-
braces all branch-
es, subdivisions,
instrumentalities,
and agencies of the
Government, in-
cluding government-
owned or controlled
corporations with
original charters. x
x x (emphasis
ours)

Section 3 of the same
Article further states:

Section 3. The Civil
Service Commission,
as the central per-
sonnel agency of the
Government, shall
establish a career
service and adopt
measures to pro-
mote morale, effi-
ciency, integrity,
responsiveness,
progressiveness,
and courtesy in
the civil service. It
shall strengthen the
merit and rewards
system, integrate all
human resources
development pro-
grams for all levels
and ranks, and insti-
tutionalize a man-
agement climate
conducive to public
accountability. It
shall submit to the
President and the
Congress an annual
report on its person-
facts or circumstances of
weight and influence
which, if considered,
would affect the result,
there is no reason to
overturn the trial courts
finding of robbery which
is fully supported by the
evidence on record.
As to the attendant rape,
the testimony of AAA is
worthy of full faith and
credence. it is beyond
cavil that Ortiz, Chavez,
Dasillo and Jerry raped
AAA as an afterthought
after robbing valuable
items in the house. Alt-
hough the examination
of AAAs genital area re-
vealed no laceration in
her hymen, it is a settled
rule that laceration is not
an element of the crime
of rape. Simply put, the
absence of lacerations
does not negate rape.






JURISPRUDENCE
Page 10 LCA LINES
nel programs.
(emphasis ours)
Section 12. Powers
and Functions. The
Commission shall
have the following
powers and func-
tions:

(1) Administer and
enforce the constitu-
tional and statutory
provisions on the
merit system for all
levels and ranks in
the Civil Service;
(2) Prescribe, amend
and enforce rules and
regulations for carry-
ing into effect the
provisions of the Civil
Service Law and oth-
er pertinent laws;
xxx xxx xxx
(11) Hear and decide
administrative cases
instituted by or
brought before it di-
rectly or on appeal,
including contested
appointments, and
review decisions and
actions of agencies
attached to it
xxx xxx xxx
(14) Take appropri-
ate action on all ap-
pointments and other
personnel matters in
the Civil Service in-
cluding extension of
service beyond re-
tirement age;
xxx xxx xxx

R.A. 4670 did not divest
the CSC of its inherent
power to supervise and
discipline all members of
the civil service, includ-
ing public school teach-
ers.

CSC has the authority to
directly institute proceed-
ings to discipline a gov-
ernment employee in or-
der to protect the integri-
ty of the civil service.

Indeed, where an admin-
istrative case involves the
alleged fraudulent pro-
curement of an eligibility
or qualification for em-
ployment in the civil ser-
vice, it is but proper that
the CSC would have juris-
diction over the case for it
is in the best position to
determine if there has
been a violation of civil
service rules and regula-
tions.

ILEANA DR.
MACALINAO
vs.
BANK OF THE PHILIP-
PINE ISLANDS

G.R. No. 175490, Sep-
tember 17, 2009

FACTS: I l ea na
Macalinao (Macalinao)
was an approved card-
holder of BPI Mastercard,
one of the credit card
facilities of Bank of the
Philippine Islands (BPI).
Macalinao made some
purchases through the
use of the said credit
card and defaulted in
paying for said purchas-
es. She subsequently
received a letter from
respondent BPI demand-
ing payment.
Under the Terms and
Conditions Governing the
Issuance and Use of the
BPI Credit and BPI Mas-
tercard, the charges or
balance thereof remain-
ing unpaid after the pay-
ment due date indicated
on the monthly State-
ment of Accounts shall
bear interest at the rate
of 3% per month and an
additional penalty fee
equivalent to another
3% per month.
For failure of Macalinao
to settle her obligations,
BPI filed with Metropoli-
tan Trial Court (MeTC) of
a complaint for a sum of
money against her and
her husband, Danilo SJ.
Macalinao (Danilo).
BPI prayed for the pay-
ment of the amount due
plus 3.25% finance
charges and late pay-
ment charges equivalent
to 6% of the amount due
and an amount equiva-
lent to 25% of the total
amount due as attor-
neys fees, and of the
cost of suit.
Macalinao and her hus-
band failed to file their
Answer.
MeTC ruled in favor of
BPI and or der ed
Macalinao and her hus-
band to pay the amount
due plus interest and
penalty charges of 2%
per month.
Macalinao and her hus-
band appealed to the
Regional Trial Court
(RTC).





Page 11 LCA LINES
JURISPRUDENCE
Macalinao filed a petition
for review with the Court
of Appeals (CA), which
affirmed with modification
the Decision of the RTC.
Macalinao filed a Motion
for Reconsideration but
the same was denied.
ISSUE: Whether or not
the reduction of interest
rate from 9.25% to 2%
should be upheld since
the stipulated rate of in-
terest was unconscionable
and iniquitous, and thus
illegal.
RULING: The stipulated
rate of interest is uncon-
scionable and iniquitous,
thus illegal.
Since the stipulation on
the interest rate of 36%
per annum is void, it is as
if there was no express
contract thereon. Hence,
courts may reduce the
interest rate as reason
and equity demand. The
same is true with respect
to the penalty charge.
Art. 1229. The judge
shall equitably reduce
the penalty when the
principal obligation
has been partly or
irregularly complied
with by the debtor.
Even if there has been
no performance, the
penalty may also be
reduced by the courts
if it is iniquitous or
unconscionable.


In exercising this power
to determine what is in-
iquitous and unconscion-
able, courts must consid-
er the circumstances of
each case since what
may be iniquitous and
unconscionable in one
may be totally just and
equitable in another.

Thus, under the circum-
stances, the Court finds
it equitable to reduce the
interest rate pegged by
the CA at 1.5% monthly
to 1% monthly and pen-
alty charge fixed by the
CA at 1.5% monthly to
1% monthly or a total of
2% per month or 24%
per annum in line with
the prevailing jurispru-
dence and in accordance
with Art. 1229 of the
Civil Code.













Page 12 VOLUME II ISSUE No. 9
JURISPRUDENCE

PHILIPPINE HEALTH
CARE PROVIDERS,
INC.,
vs.
COMMISSIONER OF
INTERNAL REVENUE,
G.R. No. 167330, Sep-
tember 18, 2009


FACTS: Philippine
Health Care Providers,
Inc. (PHCPI) is a domes-
tic corporation whose
primary purpose is to
establish, maintain, con-
duct and operate a pre-
paid group practice
health care delivery sys-
tem or a health mainte-
nance organization to
take care of the sick and
disabled persons enrolled
in the health care plan
and to provide for the
administrative, legal, and
financial responsibilities
of the organization. In-
dividuals enrolled in its
health care programs
pay an annual member-
ship fee and are entitled
to various preventive,
diagnostic and curative
medical services provid-
ed by its duly licensed
physicians, specialists
and other professional
technical staff participat-
ing in the group practice
health delivery system at
a hospital or clinic
owned, operated or ac-
credited by it.

The Commissioner of
Internal Revenue [CIR]
sent a formal demand
letter and the corre-
sponding assessment
notices to PHCPI de-
manding the payment of
deficiency taxes [value-
added tax (VAT) and
documentary stamp tax
(DST)], including sur-
charges and interest, for
the taxable years 1996
and 1997.

PHCPI protested the as-
sessment. As the CIR
did not act on the pro-
test, PHPCI filed a peti-
tion for review in the
Court of Tax Appeals
(CTA) seeking the can-
cellation of the deficiency
VAT and DST assess-
ments.

CTA rendered a decision,
ordering PHCPI to pay
the deficiency VAT taxes
for taxable years 2006
and 2007. The deficien-
cy DST assessment for
taxable years 1996 and
1997 was cancelled and
set aside.

CIR appealed the CTA
decision to the Court of
Appeals (CA) insofar as it
cancelled the DST as-
sessment. The petition
for review was granted.


ISSUES: 1. Whether
or not PHCPI, as an HMO
is engaged in the busi-
ness of insurance during
taxable years 1996 and
1997.

2. Whether or not the
PHCPI is liable to pay
DST under Section 185
of the National Internal
Revenue of 1997.

RULING: As to the first
issue, PHCPI is not en-
gaged in the business of
insurance during taxable
years 1996 and 1997.

HMOs are not in the in-
surance business. One
test that they have ap-
plied is whether the as-
sumption of risk and in-
demnification of loss
(which are elements of
an insurance business)
are the principal object
and purpose of the or-
ganization or whether
they are merely inci-
dental to its business. If
these are the principal
objectives, the business
is that of insurance. But
if they are merely inci-
dental and service is the
principal purpose, then
the business is not insur-
ance.
The main difference be-
tween an HMO and an
insurance company is

that HMOs undertake to
provide or arrange for the
provision of medical ser-
vices through participat-
ing physicians while insur-
ance companies simply
undertake to indemnify
the insured for medical
expenses incurred up to a
pre-agreed limit.

Even if PHCPI assumes
the risk of paying the cost
of these services even if
significantly more than
what the member has
prepaid, it nevertheless
cannot be considered as
being engaged in the in-
surance business.
A substantial portion of
PHCPIs services covers
preventive and diagnostic
medical services intended
to keep members from
developing medical condi-
tions or diseases. As an
HMO, it is its obligation to
maintain the good health
of its members. Accord-
ingly, its health care
programs are designed
to prevent or to mini-
mize the possibility of
any assumption of risk
on its part. Thus, its un-
dertaking under its agree-
ments is not to indemnify
its members against any
loss or damage arising
from a medical condition
but, on the contrary, to
provide the health and
medical services needed
JURISPRUDENCE
to prevent such loss or
damage. Therefore, since
it substantially provides
health care services ra-
ther than insurance ser-
vices, it cannot be consid-
ered as being in the insur-
ance business.

With regard to the second
issue, PHCPI is not liable
to pay DST under Section
185 of the National Inter-
nal Revenue of 1997.

When the law imposing
the DST was first passed,
HMOs were yet unknown
in the Philippines. How-
ever, when the various
amendments to the DST
law were enacted, they
were already in existence
in the Philippines and the
term had in fact already
been defined by RA 7875.
If it had been the intent of
the legislature to impose
DST on health care agree-
ments, it could have done
so in clear and categorical
terms. It had many op-
portunities to do so. But
it did not. The fact that
the NIRC contained no
specific provision on the
DST liability of health care
agreements of HMOs at a
time they were already
known as such, belies any
legislative intent to im-
pose it on them. As a
matter of fact, PHCPI
was assessed its DST
liability only on Janu-
ary 27, 2000, after
more than a decade in
the business as an
HMO.
Considering that Section
185 did not change since
1904 (except for the rate
of tax), it would be safe
to say that health care
agreements were never,
at any time, recognized
as insurance contracts or
deemed engaged in the
business of insurance
within the context of the
provision.

Taking into account that
health care agreements
are clearly not within the
ambit of Section 185 of
the NIRC and there was
never any legislative in-
tent to impose the same
on HMOs like PHCPI, the
same should not be arbi-
trarily and unjustly in-
cluded in its coverage.













Page 14
LCA LINES
Www.lagundi-caronan-assoc.com
SERV
IN
G
Y
O
U
R N
EED
S REA
LIZIN
G
Y
O
U
R
D
REA
M
S
SERVIN
G
YO
U
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EED
S REALIZIN
G
YO
U
R D
REAM
S
LAGUNDI-CARONAN AND ASSOCIATES

For weeks six-year old JL kept telling his
first grade teacher about the baby brother or sister
was expected at his house.

One day, his mother allowed JL to feel the movements
of the unborn child.
JL was obviously impressed, but made no comment.
Furthermore, he stopped telling his teacher about
the impending event.

The teacher finally sat the boy
on her lap and said;
JL, whatever has become of that baby brother or sister
you were expecting at home?

JL burst into tears and confessed,
I think mommy ate it!

LAGUNDI-CARONAN AND ASSOC.
Rhen Square Bldg
Carig Sur
Tuguegarao City

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