Mackenzie Zimbrick

Vardi
Human Geography, C
May 28, 2014

Annotated Bibliography
Age-Sex Pyramid of Household Population. Photograph. Philippine Statistics Authority. July 26,
2013. Accessed May 22, 2014.
This graph is a population pyramid that helpful to me because it provides population
demographics that display how Manila has evolved into a developing nation.

Asis, Maruja M.B. "The Philippines' Culture of Migration." Asian and Pacific Migration
Journal, January 1, 2006. Accessed May 6, 2014.
The Philippines has supplied all kinds of skilled and low-skilled workers to the world's
more developed regions since the 1970s. This entry provides detailed information about
the historical background of Manila, how it became a labor exporter and how they work,
how they protect workers abroad, remittances, and looking ahead for Manila. This article
is important, as it expresses detailed information about what Manila specializes in and
provides help on the past, present, and future of Manila. It also provides physical and
geographic information, such as Manila's port that they use to export and import goods.

Table 3. Overseas Filipino Workers' Remittances, 1975-2004. Photograph. The Philippines'
Culture of Migration. January 1, 2006. Accessed May 29, 2014.
This graph displays the advantage of Filipinos working abroad because of how much the
remittances have risen over the years. It is important because today Manila's doesn't have
the best economy, so working abroad allows your family to stay in Manila while you
work outside of Manila and send money home.

Casper, Gretchen, and Leonard Casper. "Manila." In Encyclopedia Americana. Accessed May
13, 2014.
Manila is the capital and chief port of the Philippines and is also located on Manila Bay.
This encyclopedia article discusses the history of Manila and it's transportation,
economy, and health and education, while also covering decentralization, suburban
Manila, and a portrait of the city. This source is important as it highlighted many of the
required themes for the research project, while also adding on extra useful information.

Cruz, Richard Dela. Dusk of Heroes. Photograph. Flickr. April 28, 2011. Accessed May 29,
2014.
This is a photograph of the Rizal Monument, which lies next to where Dr. Jose Rizal was
executed. Rizal Park is dedicate to him and a couple of other priests who where executed
there during the Spanish era.

Crypt, Storm. Seaside Manila. Photograph. Flickr. May 30, 2007. Accessed May 29, 2014.
This displays a current photograph of seaside Manila. Over the years, Manila's
topography has evolved immensely, going from an underdeveloped area to a city full of
skyscrapers, roads, and close to no land.

Guimares, Vincius. Revisiting the Manila Cathedral. Photograph. Articles Web. March 26,
2012. Accessed May 29, 2014.
This is a current photograph of the Manila Cathedral. Over the years, it has had to be
rebuilt many times because of fires, typhoons, earthquakes, and other disasters.

Jaycee. "10 Best Things to Do in Manila." Skyscanner. Accessed May 28, 2014.
The topic of this source is to provide the reader with the top things to do while you are in
Manila. It was useful because it provided detailed information about each
destination. This entry provides recent data and highlights specific tourist attractions and
activities that give you a better feel for the city and its culture.

"Manila." In Encyclopedia of Modern Asia, edited by Karen Christensen and David Levinson,
37-38. Vol. 4. New York, United States: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2002. Accessed May 5,
2014.
Metropolitan Manila is a single administrative region composed of twelve cities and five
municipalities and was created in 1975 by Ferdinand Marcos. This encyclopedia entry is
about Manila's history and how it became a part of the National Capital Region. The
article lists all of the cities that are a part of Metropolitan Manila (surrounding cities and
municipalities) and describes the physical characteristics of Manila. The article is
important, giving specific information about the city including it's location, population,
specialities, important sites, and more. It also highlights key events that have taken place
over the years and significant people who have contributed to the development of
Manila.

Manila. Photograph. Accessed May 29, 2014.
This map displays roads, rapid transit and stations, city limits, points of interest, and
parks. It is important, showing how developed Manila has become because of how many
transportation lines they have, and how many parks they lack in.

Manila in 1898. Photograph. The University of Texas at Austin. Accessed May 29, 2014.
This graph displays Manila in 1898. It shows how much Manila has evolved in such a
short amount of time.

Manila, September 1945. Photograph. Lighthouses of the Northern Philippines. Accessed May
30, 2014.
This photograph displays the view of seaside Manila, which contains docking that is used
to import and export goods daily. The picture is important because it shows one of
Manila's best attributes, manufacturing.

Manila Slum Rooftops. Photograph. Flickr. September 3, 2009. Accessed May 29, 2014.
This is a photograph of one of the many shantytowns in Metropolitan Manila. It is
important because it shows how housing in the megacity has changed or is changing for
the worst.

Manila Today. Photograph. The University of Texas at Austin. Accessed May 29, 2014.
This map displays the boundaries of Metropolitan Manila. This is important because
Metropolitan Manila is a megacity compacted of many cities and municipalities, not just
Manila.

Mason, Paul. "Do we have to learn to live with slums?" BBC News. Last modified August 16,
2011. Accessed May 7, 2014.
In Estero de San Miguel, a slum in Manila, the houses are about 8 feet square and built of
wood and floored with lino. Around 60 people-an-hour are estimated to be arriving in
Manila, half being born and the other half coming as migrants. This entry by Paul Mason
discusses the slums in Manila and if the residents of Manila are going to have to learn to
live with them. This source is important considering it discusses the main theme of
housing and the future of it in Manila. As the population continues to increase in Manila,
will the people live in a modern and high tech apartment? Or, will they live in a one room
slum with a lot of other people? This article answers those question and many others. It
also describes some of the physical characteristics of Manila shantytowns.

Metro Manila C-6 Tollway. Photograph. ProQuest. October 1998. Accessed May 29, 2014.
This map displays one of the tollways that runs through Metropolitan Manila and where
some of the booths are located. It shows how developed Metropolitan Manila has came
to be, which is important.

"More Toll Roads to Ease Manila Congestion." In ProQuest. Vol. 68. New York, United States:
Society of Civil Engineers, 1998. Accessed May 8, 2014.
Manila is turning to toll roads as a solution for massive traffic congestion problems. This
encyclopedia article covers the theme of transportation and provides a solution to an
ongoing problem for many megacities, traffic. This source is important because it
highlights some of the main obstacles that highly populated places like Manila face, and
gives a solution to them. It also allowed me to understand the expensive process of
making a toll road and helped me realize how much needed space toll roads take up.

Moulton, Carolina S. "Manila." In The New Book of Knowledge. Accessed May 12, 2014.
Manila is the capital of the Philippines and was claimed by a Portuguese explorer name
Ferdinand Magellan in 1521. The city lies on a warm and humid coastal plain in the
southwest part of the island of Luzon, while also covering an area of about fifteen square
miles. This encyclopedia entry is important considering it discusses general information
about Manila, provides data about it's economy, and covers history about Manila's past.

Ottes, Klaus. Normaler Stadtverkehr in Manila. Photograph. Flickr. August 28, 2007. Accessed
May 29, 2014.
This photograph is of a road in Metropolitan Manila where there are many types of
transportation being used. Cars, buses, bikes, and walking are some of the types of
transportation used in this image.

"Population of the City of Manila Climbed to 1.7 Million (Results from the 2010 Census of
Population and Housing)." Philippine Statistics Authority. Last modified July 26, 2013.
Accessed May 8, 2014
As of May 1, 2010, Manila, a highly urbanized city in the National Capital Region,
posted a total population of 1,652,171. From 2000 to 2010, the amount of people in
Manila increased by 71,089 and is expected to double in 159 years if the average annual
PGR (0.44) continues. This entry gives detailed demographics about Manila,
highlighting differences in data in gender, age, ethnicity, and religion from the past and
during the present. With the statistics this website provides, I am able to compare and
contrast differences in data over the past years and learn about Manila's geographic
context from the past compared to now.

Ragragio, Junio M. "Manila, Philippines." Understanding Slums: Case Studies for the Global
Report 2003. Accessed May 27, 2014.
Today, slums scatter over 526 communities in all cities and municipalities of Metro
Manila. This article discusses the slums in Metropolitan Manila and is important
considering urbanization is one of the causes for large amounts of shantytowns in this
area. It helped me understand how housing and architecture has developed over the years
and will continue to develop.

Salita, Domingo C. "Manila." In Britannica. N.p.: Encyclopdia Britannica, n.d. Accessed May
6, 2014.
Manila and it's contiguous cities and municipalities were combined to function as a single
government in 1975, known as Metropolitan Manila (also known as National Capital
Region). The encyclopedia entry covers almost every theme required for this project
including, history, landscape, people, economy, administration and society, cultural life,
and more. This source is important because it provides crucial data that is up to date on
Manila and it's significance and provides a lot of background information. The article
not only includes knowledge from the past, but it also covers specifics from current
events in Manila and how it's physical and geographic characteristics have changed.

Table 4. Household Population 5 Years Old and Older by Highest Educational Attainment and
Sex: City of Manila, 2010. Photograph. Population of the City of Manila Climbed to 1.7
Million (Results from the 2010 Census of Population and Housing). July 26, 2013.
Accessed May 29, 2014.
This graph displays statistics for each grade level for both male and female. Since
Metropolitan Manila is the center of education in the Philippines, large amounts of
people migrate there because of the many opportunities the megacity offers.

Today's Picture around the World - September 2010. Photograph. Aliraqi. September 1, 2010.
Accessed May 29, 2014.
This photograph shows both a shantytown and high rise buildings in the
background. The image displays contrast between high and low poverty, a common
factor for most megacities including Metropolitan Manila.

Tondo. Photograph. Flickr. June 18, 2007. Accessed May 29, 2014.
The image is of one of many slums in Metropolitan Manila. This photograph emphasizes
the extent of poverty and pollution in this megacity.

Tueller, James B. "Manila." In Europe, 1450 to 1789: Encyclopedia of the Early Modern World,
edited by Jonathan Dewald, 18. Vol. 4. New York, United States: Charles Scribner's
Sons, 2004. Accessed May 5, 2014.
Spaniards founded Manila in 1571, after early settlements in the central Philippines
proved economically weak. This encyclopedia article explains how Manila was
discovered and came to be economically after they settled. It also provides demographics
from when the Spaniards first settled in Manila. This source is useful because it goes into
more into depth about Manila's history and how it developed over the years.

Ulack, Richard. "Manila." In Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. Accessed May 12, 2014.
Manila is the capital and second-largest city of the Philippines and the second-largest
metropolitan area in Southeast Asia. It is situated in Luzon, on Manila Bay where the
Pasig River, which flows through the city, enters the bay. This encyclopedia article
discusses Manila and its history, demographics, industries, and important
landmarks. This source is important because it covers many essential themes in my
research project and includes information about the importance of the geography of
Manila and it's many specialties and significant landmarks.

"The World Factbook, East and Southeast Asia: Philippines." Central Intelligence Agency.
Accessed May 27, 2014.
This website entry includes important information and demographics about the
Philippines geography, people and society, government, economy, energy,
communications, transportation, military, and transnational issues. It is an important
source because it highlights topics that are required in the project, while also including
useful information about other subjects.