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EXERCISE 2(A)
If Jog!. (x
Sol
(-00,2)u(3,00)
(B*)
(C)
(-00, J) U (2,00)
2
logl/2 (x - 5x + 7) > 0
=>
0<x 2-5x+7<1
=>
xE
If log, (x
s'~l
(2,3)
-
(2,4)
(A)
(-00,2) U ( 4,00)
(B*)
(C)
log3 (x 2
6x + 11) < 1
0<x 2-6x+11<3
=>
=>
(2,3)
(A)
xE
(2,4)
loglxl (x + X + I) ~
2
is
(-OO,-I)u(l,oo)
(A)
(-1,0)
(B)
(C)
(-oo,oo)-{-I,O,I}
(0*)
(-oo,-I)u(-I,O)u(l,oo)
Sol
In this case base is variable. Thus we must take two separate cases:
(i)
XE
[-1,0].
Common part of
(
xE[-l,O]
and
(H)
is
Ixl E (0,1)
xE(-l,O).
must have
Ixl>l
and
xE(-oo,-l)u(O,oo)
is
(-oo,-l)u(l,co)
XE(-oo,-I)u(-I,O)u(l,oo)
r~
Complete sol ution set of the inequality x ( e" -1)( x + 2)( x --: 3
(A)
[-2,3]
(C*)
Sol
x2 + x + 12.': 1
E(-00,1) u(O,oo).
Common part of
(-00,-2]u{0,3}
(B)
(-2,0]
(0)
(-00,-2]u[0,3]
is
2- ~ 1 is
x-I
(8*)
(C)
Sol
- I-2
J5' -1+J5]
2
u(l,oo)
1 ~1 ~ 1
(D)
- I- J5 -1+J5]
2'
IJ
-1+J5
2'
x-I
,.1
~ Ix -11, x:;to 1
x and y = Ix -11
2
solving x 2 == 1- x, we get
-1J5
X=--
Thus solution is
- I- J5 -1+J5]
2
'
2
2
(-27t,7t),
(A) [ -
is
~ , ~] ~ ( -1, 1)
Sol
\x 2-I+cosx!=lx 2-I!+lcosx[.Itimpliesthat (x
2-I)
+
I
I
I
-2n -3n -n -1
-2 2
CD
Sol
Sol
I
n
n
ED
If [xf -S[x]+6=O, where [.J denotes the greatest integer function, then
(A) xE[3,4)
(B) xE[2,3]
(C)
X E
{2,3}
(D*)
x E [2,4)
[xY -~[x]+6=O
r
=>
: [x]=2,3
=>
x E [2,4)
If
[lOg,([: I)]~ 0, w he" [.1 denote, the g"ale,t inteqer function, then
(A) xE(-oo,oo)~[O,I)
(B) XE(-OO,O)
(C) x
[1,00)
[lOg,([:1)] ~ 0
=>
Jog, ([
(-
:1);'
x-[x] >
[x] - 0
[x] ~ 1
It implies that 'x' is any positive real number greater than of equal to one or 'x' is any non
zero integer.
Total number of positive real values of x satisfying 2[x] = x + {x}, where [.J and {.}
denote the greatest integer function and fractional part respectively, is equal to
(A) 2
Sol
(B*) 1
2[x]=x+{x}
=>
2[x]=[x]+2{x}
=>
{x} = [x]
2
(C) 0
(D) 3
o~[x]<l
2
~
0~[x]<2
[x] =0,1
=>
x =0
Fpr [ x] = 1, we get
X=
10
{x} = 2
[X]2 = X+ 2{x},
denotes the greatest integer function and fractional part respectively is equal to
(A) 2
(B*) 4
(C) 6
(D) None of these
/-
Sol
[xf =x+1{x}
[xf =[x]+3{x}
{x}=[xf-[x]
3
0::; [xf
-[x] <1
O::;[xf -[x]<3
IX1EC-;m
J+ +;m]
1
,0
[x ] = -1,0,1,2
=>
c-
2
2
{x} = --',0,0,
3
I
8
3' , '3
x =-- 01
=>
11
If
[x
2J+x-a=0
a=x 2 + x = x ( x + I )
(D) 6
12
If [ x + [2x]] < 3, where [.] denotes the greatest integer function, then
(A)
Sol
(0*)
xE[O,1)
XE(-00,1)
[ X+ [2x]J < 3
=>
[x]+[2x] ~ 2
NOWifXE(O,~)
=>
=>
[ X ] = 0 , [2x] = 1
inequality is still satisfied
=>
Thus,
13
XE(-00,1).
Sol
-11 + Ix - 21 + Ix - 31 is equal to
(B*) 2
We get, f(x) =
(0) 0
(C) 3
6-3x ,
4-x
X< 1
l~x<2
2~x<3
X
3x-6 ,
x>3
-3 ,
X< 1
-1 , 1< X<2
f'(x)=
1
2<x<3
3
x>3
Thus f(x) decreasing for
Hence, f(x)
14
> 2.
Imin = f(2)=2.
set of the given equation, is (where [.] denotes the greatest integer function)
(A) [-2,0]
Sol
(C)
[S sin x] + [cosx] = -6
=>
[-2,.J3)
Now
we h ave,
16
C)
<-2
{o}
(B) {0,1}
f!
(C*)
[1]
Y= Isin xl + leos xl
~
=>
1 S y 2 S 2
YE
=::::>
f(x)=l V xER
=1+lsin2xl
[1,.J2]
co SX
Sol
Range of f (x) = [Isin xl + leos xl] , where [.] denotes the greatest integer function, is
(A)
Sol
. ( 1t).J3
- 1 s sin x+(j
=::::>
15
. (4)
1t + -1t3 + sm- < x + -1t < -31t + 1t
5
6
2
3
(B*) 14
= Isin xl in
[-21t,51t]
is equal to
(C) 16
(D) 15
Is
=4+4+4+2==14
,
,,
,,
/'---";,...........
17
Let A
f :A
\\
.rt">
<,
""',
'..... \
~/"
---\1---
-,
.-''
\--+ y == Isin xl
I
= [x., x2 , .... xm} ,B = {YI' Y2' . ., Yn} then total number of one-one functions
B is equal to
(A*) npm
Sol
.'----- y == 2 cos x
(B)
-cm
(C) n!
(D) m!
For function to be one-one, each element of set A must have different image in st B. We first
of all choose any 'rn' elements in st B. This can be done in "C m ways. Now one-one corre
spondence of elements of set A with these selected elements can be done in m! ways.
Thus total number of one-one functions will be equal to "C m .m! i.e. np.
m
18
2 x + T + 4x - y = O
Sol
(x) = 0
g(O) = 1.
19
Sol
(A)8
(.
(B) 10
(C) 9
(0*)6
r'
-3
20
4-
[x] = 0
interger function)
(A) 1
(B*) 2
(C) 3
(0) 4
Sol
-2
\"
64'
O~X ~
x> 1
2
(B) f(x)= x ,
Osxs
4 < x sl
x> 1
64'
(C*) f(x)
Osx~-
x> 1
-< x s 1
x2,
x 3,
Osxs
64'
8
Sol
2
Clearl~/..I f (x) = x ,
x3 ,
40
-< x sl
8
x > 1
Which one ofthe following depicts the graph ofan odd function?
y
10
10
(A)
-_+-)
O---,<<"'+='-----+-4X
10
-10
-+--~---...-X
y
y
10
10
(C) --<_If--+.::----+-+X
o
10
-10
(A)n
42
[Sol.
(B)[1,2]
[Sol.
(
44
(C*)(O,2)
0<x<2
3n
4
~cos-I(l-x) is
(D)(O, 1)
~
..... (2)
(x - 1)(2x2 + 2x + 9) = 0
x = 1 only
~
A;
as 2x2 + 2x + 9 = 0 has no other roots ]
Given f(x)
8
1_
_ + _8_
~l-x l+x
4
4
g(x)= f(sinx) + f(cosx)
and
[Hint: f(x)=
4
c-?";
f(sinx)=
2
\/1- x
then g(x) is
-I
-I
cos x
(D)
32x-10'3 x + 9 < 0
(3 X - 1) (3 X - 9) < 0
1 < 3x < 9
~
from (l) and (2)
O<x<2
43
,rl(
(C*)
and
~
f(cosx) = -,-.-I
sm x ;
(A) ]
(A) 1[/2
(B) nl4
(C*) n
(D) 21[
[Hint: when p = nl2 then D' ~ cos X + sin x ~ nl2 can not be the period]
46
In the square ABCD with side AB = 2, two points M & N are on the adjacent sides of the square such
that MN is parallel to the diagonal BD . If x is the distance ofMN from the vertex A and f (x) = Area
(Ll AMN), then range of f (x) is:
(A)
(0, 12]
(D) (0,213]
(C) (0,212]
(B*) (0, 2 ]
[Sol. AP = x ; MN = y ; BD = 212
y
_ 2J2-x
~ '"
hence,
2",2
x;
f(x) =
f(x)]max
f(x)]min
47
f (x)
x
lnx
'\12
= x (212-
x)
2-
=2 when x=.J2]
=0 when x=2.J2
and g (x)
lnx
=-
. Then
x)
(x - 12f
=> range is (0 , 2 ]
,.fA*) g(x) and f(x) are identical functions (B) f(x) and g (x) are identical functions
=1
'If xc- O
(D)
1
1
x
[Hint: (A) g(x) = lnx/x ; f(x)= lnx
x>
lnx
(D) f(x).g(x)
48
g(x)=~
=1
'If x c-O
=>
lnx
x
=1
if x> 0 ,x
=1
= -I.
nx
1
f(x).g(x)
x lnx
- lux: x
:;t
=> N. I.
:;t
1]
Letfbe a function satisfying j(xy) = f(x) for all positive real numbers x and y. If j(30) = 20, then the
y
value ofj(40) is
(A *) 15
(B) 20
(C) 40
(D) 60
[Hint: An equation of this kind is called a functional equation, and can often be solved by choosing particular
values for the variables. In this case, by choosing x = 1, we see that f (y)= f(1) for all y. put y = 30;
y
f(1) 600
49
[Sol.
Let f(x) = sin 2x + cos'x + 2 and g (x) = cos (cos x) + cos (sin x), Also let period off (x) and g (x) be
T] and T 2 respectively then
(A) T] = 2T 2
(B) 2T 1 = T 2
(C*) T] = T 2
(D) T] = 4T 2
f (x) = sin/x + (l - sin-x)? + 2
= 3 - sin/x + sirr'x
= 3 - sin-x cos-x
22x
sin
=3---
50
A function I(x) = .Jl- 2x + x is defined from D I ~ D 2 and is onto. If the set D I is its complete domain
then the set D2 is
(B) (- 00, 2)
[Sol.
(C) (-
(D*)(-
1)
00,
1]
as,
y = .Jl - 2x + x
(y - X)2 = 1 - 2x
y2 _ 2xy + x2 = 1- 2x
x2 + 2x(1 - y) + y2 - 1 = 0
x E R, D:? 0
4(1 - yf :? 4(y2 - 1)
1 + y2 - 2y :? y2 - 1
-2y :? -2
y s; 1 =>
~rt= (- ex), 1] Ans.
51
00,
Let f (x) = e
x=o
1 -2x = 1
=>
J]
{elxl sgn x }
and g (x) = e
[e!xl sgn x ]
,x
integral part functions respectively. Also h (x)=/n (f(x)) + In (g(x))then for all real x, hex) is
(A *) an odd function
(C) neither an odd nor an even function
[Hint:
eX
h(x)=e1x1sgnx= [ 0 -x
-e
e- X
he-x) = [ 0
_ex
if x > 0
if x=O
if x c O
if x c O
if x=O
if x> 0
52
f(x) =x3+x+l
(C) f:R~R+
[Sol.
(A)
say
f(x) =.Jl+x 2
(D*) f:R~R f(x) =x3+2x2-x+l
f (x) = x4 + 2x 3 - x2 + 1 ~ A polynomial of degree even will always be into
f(x) = a ox2n + a l x2n-] + ~ X2n - 2 + .... + ~n
. .
"
LImit f(x) = Limit
x---)co
x---)co
a 2n
[
al a2
[x 2n a o +-+2+ .. +~
X
X
X
=>
J= [ex)
-<X)
if ao > 0
.
If ao < 0
f(x)=x 3+2x2-x+ I
Hence f(x) is surjective but not injective.]
53
=>
f'(x) =
Suppose that f is continuous on [a, b] and thatf(x) is an integer for each x in [a, b]. Then in [a, b]
(A)f is injective
(B) Range of f may have many elements
(C) {x} is zero for all x E [a, b] where { } denotes fractional part function
[Hint: Explanation: Letj'(x.) == nand f(x 2) == m, XI' ~ E (a, b) with n > m (say). According to the intermediate
value theorem, between x J and x 2 there must be some value X for which
I
I
f(x) == m +
which is impossible since m +
is not an integer.]
2"
54
2"
(A) - 0.5
(
(C) I
(D*) 1.5
[Sol.
and
Then
55
(B) 0.5
= -1.75
(- 4)
= 2.25 == "4
4
2
2+2)(x
2_7x+lO) .
eX/nx 5(X
The range of the function f(x) =
2x2 -llx + 12
IS
(A*) (-00,00)
(B) [0,00)
2+2)
[Sol.
.(x-2)(x-5)
(2x-3) (x-4)
Note that at x == 3/2 & x = 4 function is not defined and in open interval (3/2,4) function is continuous.
Lim = (+ve)(-ve)(-ve)
H~+
(+ve)(-ve)
-00
Lim = (+ve)(+ve)(-ve) ~ 00
(+ve) (-ve)
In the open interval (3/2,4) the function is continuous & takes up all real values from (-00 ,00 )
Hence range of the function is (-00 ,00) or R]
x~4-
56
Ifthe solution set forj(x) < 3 is (0, (0) and the solution set forj(x) > - 2 is (-00,5), then the true solution
set for (j(x)f:2: f(x) + 6, is
(B)(- 00,0]
(f(x)-3) (f(x)+2) ~ 0
f (x) ~ 3
or
f (x)
~
given f(x) < 3
..
f(x)~3
~
lilly
f(x-2
~
..
f (x) ~ - 2
~
57
- 2
X E(O, (0)
X E(-OO, 0]
xE(-00,5)
X E [5, (0)
Let f(x) = (x + 1)2 -1, (x ~ -1). Then the set S == {x: f{x) = rl(x)} is
(A)
[Hint:
(C)[0,5]
(C*) {O,-I}
f (x) = r 1(x) ~
,lk+ 1)2-1 =x
x2 + X = 0
(0) empty
f (x) = X
x = 0 or - 1
I if x is rational
58'
Let j(x) = {
if x is irrational
(0*) g (x)
Ix I
X if x is rational
[Sol.
x f (x) = {
o if
x is irrational
g (x) = sin x near. x ~ 7t though rational then x f (x) ~ 7t but g (x) ~ 0 ~ x f (x) > g (x)
g (x) = x is negative for negative irrational x while x f (x) is 0 ; x f (x) > g (x)
g (x) = x2 is smaller than x for 0 < x < 1 and rational; so x f(x) > g (x)
g (x) = I x I equals x f (x) for x positive and rational, is larger than x f (x) for x irrational. ]
59
(-
hence x = 9
Let R be the region in the first quadrant bounded by the x and y axis and the graphs of
9
j(x) = 25 x+ band y = j-I (x). If the area ofR is 49, then the value of b, is
(A)
[Sol.
18
(B)
22
(C*)
28
(D) none
x-b
Iff (x) = mx + b, then f-) (x) = - - and their point of intersection
m
bm ' 1-b
Thus x = 1 ~bm and the point of intersection is (1m) .
my=x- b
...",.+ _ _-,--~_-'--'---_
b
which both have a base ofb and a height of 1- m .
[Sol.
~9-12x+51
(A *) 40%
(B) 50%
9 - x2 ~ 0
~
- 3~x~3
also
9 - I 2x + 5 I> 0
i.e.
I 2x + 5 I < 9
-9 <2x + 5 <9
-7 < x,.r< 2
b = 2 Ans.]
58
(D) 65%
(C) 30%
2
%= - =40% ]
.
5
II
If f(x) and g (x) are one-one thenf(x) . g(x) is also one-one.
III
If f(x) is odd then it is necessarily one to one.
62
63
64
1- ef(x)
= x. The values of 'a' and 'b' for which
1 + ef(X)
(x+1)ef(x)=I-x
~ f(X)=ln(~::)]
Suppose thatfis a function such that f(cos x) = cos 17x. Which one ofthe following functions ghas the
property that g(sin x) = sin 17x.
f(~)
(A) g(x)
(C) g(x)
= ~I- f(x)2
[Hint: replacing x by
~ - x;
f( x-~ J
(B) g(x) =
(D*) g(x)
f ( cos( %- x ) J= cos] 7
= f (x)
(~- x )
hence f= g ]
65
Let a> I be a real number andf(x) = logax2for x > O. 1ff-1 is the inverse function of f and band care
real numbers thenll(b + c) is equal to
(C) f(b+c)
Y
log x=
a
2
=>
[Sol. y = 2 ]ogax
=>
x=
a y/2
11(y) = a y/2
b+c
f-I(b+c)= a
66
=f-l(b)f-l(C) Ans.]
Let f(x) = sinM x (where [] denotes the greatest integer function). If fis periodic with fundamental
period n, then a belongs to :
(A) [2,3)
(B) {4,5}
(C) [4,5]
(D*) [4,5)
[Hint: p =
67
2n
.J[aj
For x
(A)
13
= n, hence
'"
3?!
x ---+ 1 - x
multiply (I) by (2)
(3) - (2)
[Sol.
70
=>
[a] = 4
(B)
43
(C*)
23
2f(x)+f(1-x)=x2
f(x) + 2f(1 - x) = (l - xf
4f(x)+2f(l-x)=2x2
..
I
4::; a < 5)1'
(D) none
(1)
.... (2)
(3)
3f(x)=2x2 - (l - X)2
3f(4)=32-9=23
f(4) = 23/3 Ans. ]
a" + a-x
Given the function fl:x) = . 2
(a> 0) . If f(x + y) + f(x - y) = k f(x). fl:y) then k has the value equal
to :
(A) 1
69
=>
[Sol.
68
Jr.:1
,,[a] =2
(B*) 2
(C) 4
(D) 1/2
The functionf is one to one and the sum of all the intercepts of the graph is 5. The sum of all of the
intercept of the graph ofy = f-I(x) is
(A *) 5
(B) 1/5
(C) 2/5
(D) - 5
A one to one function and its inverse are symmetric across the line y = x. Thus x and y intercept are
interchanged and the sum is the same i.e. 5. ]
The function f(x) = cor:' ~(x + 3) x + cos" ~X2 + 3x + 1 is defined on the set S, where S =
(A) {O,3}
(B) (0,3)
(C*) {O, -3}
(D) [-3,0]
[Hint: x(x + 3) ::2: 0 =>
x z 0 or x::; - 3
and
- 1 ::; x2 + 3x + 1 ::; 1 =>
x(x + 3) ::;0 and 22 + 3x + 2 3 which is always true.
Hence -3 s x::; 0
Hence x s O or -3 =>
x= {O,-3}
EXERCISE 2(8)
1.
2.
~x2_1 x 1-2
(ii) f(x)= - 4
2
-x
+ log5(Xl- x)
Determine the ranges of the following ,real - valued, functions defined on appropriate domains :
2
(i) f(x)= x + 2x + 3
(ii) f(x)
x
(iii) f(x)= 3cosx - 4sin x + 2
x 2 -2
~3
(iv)f(x)=[x2-x+l] , 0~x~2
3.
The following function, called the SIGNUM function, is defined as shown below:
I , if x>O
sgn(x) =
~t
0,
=0
-1, If x < O.
4.
./
II : I x I sgn (x) = x
IV : 1x 1 (sgn (x) )3 =
X .
I-x
x(2 X + 1)
+x
(iii)
f(x)=Jl+x+~
2x
(ii) f(x) =
- Jl-x+x2
5.
6.
7.
Let f(x)
8.
[] is the step function. How many solutions does the equation 3x = [sinx + [sin x + [sinx] ]] have in the
interval (0, 2)?
9.
= -1-'
x 7= 0,
-x
=f
f ... n times
".
~ ~
+ cos x , - 5 x 5, is even.
11. What is the domain of f(x) = log log log log x , where all the logs have base 10 ?
1sinx 1 + 1cosx 1
(210~OxX + 2) and
i)
If A is the range of t. find A.
ii]
What is the domain of the real-valued function f given by f(x) = loglO(5x - x2_ 6)?
iii]
Forx1'O,jff(x+~)=x2+
iv]
:2,findf(.J5")
2t +3
, periodic?
14. Find whether the following functions are odd, even or neither:- (x E R)
lOX _lO-x
f(x)::= lOX + 10-x
ii]
2
iii]
x -x+
1)
f()
x = Iog [ x 2 +x+ 1
x +2x
If P(4)
18. [: R
= 65,
gx
Evaluate f
o'
(_1)
2003
+P
20. f :(-
00,
f(x) =
2]
Rand g : [-1, 3]
+1 , x ~ 1
1 1
<2
x+ , <x_
R are given by
' g(x) =
{x
, -
x+2,
1 ~ x < 2
2~x~3
Let f ( x )
(I)
= x2 +
x + 1,
X E
R
(ii)
s' ( x ) for
[~I (0) of
all the
22.
(a)
f{j(x))'{l + f(X)) = - 1 (x) for all x in the domain of f. If the number 3 is in the domain and
range of f, compute the value of 1 (3).
[Hint: start with f (x) = y and put y = 3 ]
(b)
Suppose 1 is a real function satisfying 1 (x + 1 (x)) = 4 1 (x) and 1 (1) = 4. Find the value of
(21) .
[Sol. f(1 + f(l)) = 4f(1) = 16, sof(5) = 16. Next,f(21) = f(5 + f(5)) = 4f(5) = 64 ]
'f
(c)
Let
[Sol.
put x = 25 and y = 2
(f(50)f = 25(f(2)f ~
(f(50)f
~
f (50) = 30 or - 30 (rejected)
Alternatively: put
x = l/y
Also
I
f2(]) = - f2(y)
Y
f(2) = 6; put Y= 2
:=}
I
I
f2(1) = - f2(2) = - x 36 = 18
:=}
:=}
f(1) = .J18 =
f2(y) = ] 8y
fey) =
[I (xy)j2
= x{j(y)f
=25(6)2
3J2
3J2Y
f (50) = 3.J100 = 30 ]
Let 1 (x) be a function with two properties
(i)
for any two real number x and y, f (x + y) = x
(ii)
f (0) = 2.
[Sol. put y = 0
f(x)=x+f(0)=x+2
..
f(100) = 102 Ans.
(d)
+1 (y) and
Let f be a function such that f (3) = 1 and 1 (3x) = x + 1 (3x - 3) for all x. Then find the value
of f (300).
[Hint: put x = 2,
f(6) = 2 + f(3) = 3 = 1 + 2
putx=3,
f(9) =3+f(6) = 6=1+2+3
put x = 4,
f (12) = 4 + f (9) = 10 = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4
f(15) = 5 + f(12) = 15 = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5
put x = 5,
(e)
put x =100,
23.
(a)
The function 1 (x) has the property that for each real number x in its domain, 1/x is also in its
domain and 1 (x) + f(l/x) = x. Find the largest set of real numbers that can be in the domain
of 1 (x)?
1/x
x.
f(~) + f(x) = ~
1
Hence x= x
(b)
Let f (x) = Jax 2 + bx . Find the set of real values of 'a' for which there is at least one positive
real value of 'b' for which the domain of f and the range of f are the same set.
24.
(I)
Write explicitly, functions of y defined by the following equations and also find the domains of
definition of the given implicit functions :
(a) io- + lOy = 10
(b) x + y = 2y
I I
(ii)
The function f(x) is defined on the interval [0,1]. Find the domain of definition of the functions.
(a) f (sin x)
(b) f (2x+3)
(iii)
Given that y
domain of
(
(a) 9 (x) =
[Sol.
(a)
'3 f (x)
g (x) =
25.
(x - 7)
'31 f (x). Domain of g (x) will be the same as domain of'f(x) i.e, [4, 7] and
range of g (x) is
(b)
(b) h (x) =
[-~, 3]
as g (x) =
~ f(x)
h (x) =f(x-7).
4s'x-7s'7 ~
11s,xs,14
(x + ~
(b) f (x) =
2~
(
26.
Let [x] = the greatest integer less than or equal to x. If all the values of x such that the product
[x-
2) U
[x
Case-I:
-rl
[x
+~J is to be prime
Let [ x -
..
~ ] = 1 and [x+~J =2
1
1<x--<2
2
1
and 2<x+-<3
2
3
5
- <x <2 2
3
5
and -2 <x <
2
x~ + x~ + x~ + x~ .
Hence x
[%' %) ....(1)
[X - ~] = -
Case-II:
Let
Case-III:
Let [ x +
Case-IV:
Let
[X + ~] = - 2
1 and
~] = 1 and [X - ~] = 2
[X + ~] = -
-l<x+-<O
2
1
and - 2 -< x - -2 < - 1
3
1
--<x<-2 2
a nd - -2 -<x <- 2
Hence x
[-%, -~)
[Sol.
[X - ~] = - 2
1 and
27.
xE
..
(2)
[-%,-~) u [%'%)
Suppose p(x) is a polynomial with integer coefficients. The remainder when p(x) is divided by
x 1 is 1 and the remainder when p(x) is divided by x - 4 is 10. If r (x) is the remainder when
p(x) is divided by (x - l)(x 4), find the value of r (2006).
Dividing p(x) by the quadratic (x - 1)(x - 4) leaves a linear remainder rex) = ax + b
p(x)
(x -l)(x _ 4) = q(x) + rex)
p(1)=l
p(4) = 10
10 - 1 = 4a +
rex) = 3x - 2
28.
In a function
Sol.
Prove that
(i)
f(2)
(ii)
f(2)
f{l) =>
=>
1=a+b
=>
10 = 4a + b
b a b
9 = 3a =>
a=3
=>
=>
r(2006) = 6018 - 2 = 6016 Ans. ]
=>
b=- 2
1tX
= 4 cos 2 -
+ f(l/2) = 1
+ f(l) = 0
and
f(2) +
{) -
{~) = 1
2f(1) = 4
... (1)
1t
x cos-
f(~J ~
put x =
21 ~ 2f(1)
2 + 2If (2) -
2f{l) = 2 +
1
1
2f ( - 1 +-f(2)
=
222
"2I
...(2)
...(3)
I f(2) =:1 I
f(~) = 1
29.. Let {x} & [xl denote the fractional and integral part of a real number x respectively.
Sol.
[x] =
3x
x = -[x]
3
0
x- {
5/3
30.
0.:::; x <1
1:s; x <2
Ans
[~]
(a, b/c]
[~J = 5
where a,
b,
Nand
[~J and [~] is- ve hence [~]+ [~] can rieve~ be equal to 5
3
4
- <
x
x
b/c
is in its
Since each of
..
(1)
[~J =0
and
[~] =5
(2)
[~J = I
and
[~] =4
(3)
[~J =2
and
[~J =3
now,
If
O~
[~] =0
[~J = 5
3
- <1
x
As
[~]+ [~] = 5
0~3<x
4
1
x
1
- <6
-<-<- ~
~
4 - 5
x
6
these two equations are not possible. Hence no solutions in these cases.
and
5~
3
1 ~ - <2
x
4~
2
4
- <x<
3
- 5
)"1
now,
If
[~J = 1
'[~]=4
and
[~] =2
and
[~] = 3
1
x
- < - <1
23-
4
- <5
~
x
no solution
1
x
1
-<-<4
4
5
2~
3
- <3
x
1
x
1
-<-<3 - 2
3
3~
4
- <4
x
1
x
1
-<-<4 - 3
4
..
4
common solution 1 <x<
- 3
Hence x
x>3
..
(1,
jJ
a = 1, b = 4, c = 3;
"2 <x s s
4
5"
~
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<x s 1
l'
~
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l'
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1 <x<- 2
4
1 <x<
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-------
t-;
EXERCISE 3
SUBJECTIVE
1.
Prove that any function f : R ~ R is the sum of an even function and odd function. Further, the even
and odd functions, which together make the given function are unique.
2.
(a)
J I cos x I
i) f(x) ==
3.
x2 - x
+1
+ 1 ==
~ + ~x - %
4.
A function f is called strictly increasing if a < b => f(a) < f(b), for all a, b.
Find the number of strictly increasing functions f: {L, 2, 3} ~ {L, 2, ... ,5}
5.
f: R - {O, 1}
f(x)
Sol
+f
-lJ =
X
( -x-
X- I ) =1+x
I(x)+ I ( ~
...(1)
1[(~)-IJ==I+(X-l)
I(X-l)+
x
. (X:l)
i.e
I(~)+
x 1(_1
I-x )=2-!x
.
puttin
[puttin x ~ x- in (1)]
I
...(2)
1.
m(1)
x~-
1(_1
I-x
I-x
)+ I(X)=I+_1
I-x
1(_1_)=1+_1__ I(x)
I-x
I-x
puttin
Ie ~ x)
in (2)
I
1
X- I) +I+--/(x)==2-
1 ( -
I-x
x
x
puttin
x-I
1
I(x)+-+-+ l(x)=I+x
x
x-I
X- I ) in(l)
I (~
x
(x-I)
_ x(x+I)(x-I)-(x-l)2 -x _ x3 -x-[x2-2x+
x(x-I)
x(x-I)
2f(x)=
IJ-x
x 3 -x 2 - I
x x-I
x 3 -x 2 - I
:.f(x)= 2x(x-I )
6.
f(x)
(5 + 12r).
r=O
7.
r'
+ p) =1 + (2 - 3 f(x) + 3
Prove that f is periodic.
f(x
8.
ii)
f(x) = slrr' (
-:
x)
Find the ranges of the functions (real valued) , f, given below. Assume that they have
appropriate domains.
i)
x+2
f(x) = 2x 2 +3x +6
ii)
f(x) =
3
11. Show that the function f : R - { "2 }-) R, given by f(x)
x + 1 ,is one-to-one.
2x-3
(ii)
f ( - 2") = -
Sol
+ x3 + Xl- + x + 1. Find
p(x)=x4+x3+x2+x+l
clearly tha roots ofP(x) are fifth roots of unity.
Letthe roots be
5
Now, P ( x
p (x
a.a' ,a\a
when divided by
(where
a =1 )
(x- a)
a 5 =1
Similarly
p(x5 )
(x-a 2 ) , ( x - a 3 ) , ( x _ a 5 ) as
p(a10).p(a15).
P (a
20
)
are all 5
:. p(x5 ) -5
is divided by
(x-a), (x-a 2 )
(x-a 3 ) , ( x-a 4 ) .
:. p(x )- S= g(x){(x-a)(x-a
5
2)(x-a 3)(x_a 4
) }
p(x)
is 5.
Sol
f:s~s
s = {4, 5,6,7,....}
(
c
f(6)=f(2+4)=f(2x4)=f(8) }
.: f(x+Y)=f(xy)
15. Find the range of the following-real valued-functions defined on appropriate domains:
i) f(x) = Ix-ll+ Ix-21 ,-l:O;x:o;3
sin x
cos x
iii) f(x) =
- ---,====
2
.
~l + tan x
Jl + cot 2 x
i)
f(m, m) = m
ii) f(m, n) = f(n, m)
iii) f(m, m
Sol
f(m,m)=m
f(m,n) = f(n,m)
f(m,m+n)=(I+:) f(m,n)
f(14,52)=(1+
=
~~) f(14,38)
+~) 1(1410)
10
'
26 12
1(10,14)
12
=-x
256
[.:I(m,n) = I(n,m)]
I:) /(10,4)
X(I+
26 7
= x- x f
2
I)
(4,10)
4) 1(4,6)
91 x ( 1+"6
=5
91 x ( 1+"2
4) 1(4,2)
=3
=91 xf(2,4)
= 91x ( 1+
%) 1 (2,2)
[0: I(m,m)=m ]
=91x2x2
=364.
+3
nodd
neven
2
If f(f(f(k) ) )
Sol
k =2p+l,pE Z
f(k)=/(2p+I)=(2p+l)+3
[:(2p+l)
is odd]
=2p+4
f(/(k))= 1(2p+4)
_2p+4
2
=p+2
[o:(2p+4) is even]
now
f(f(f(k))) = 27
=>
(p + 2)
f(p+2)=27
P +2
f(p+2)=-=27
2
:. p=52
[i.e p is odd]
[.: p is odd]
k=2p+l
=2x52+1
Ik =105\
18. f: R -+ R satisfies the functional equation f(x) +f(x + 4) = f(x + 2) + f(x + 6) for all x.
99
f(8n)
n~O
19. There are exactly two distinct, linear, functions with the domain [ - 1 , 1] and the range
[0,3 ]. Denote them by f and g . Solve the equation f (x) = g ( x )
20. A function f is non-negative and defined on an appropriate subset of R. If
x 2 f ( x) + f ( 1- x) = 2x - Xl, for all x on the domain, find the largest interval of
values of x .
21
= sin
x, xER; g(x)
tan x , xER -
(K+~)1t
where K E I .
22
2x
(ii) y
x
(iv) f (x) = 1+lxl
--2
l+x
(vii)
[Sol.
(x)
~- -Ji+4 - 3
x-5
The domain of f is
D = {x I x + 4 :2> 0 and x - 5 ;t: O}
= {x I x :2> - 4 and x ;t: 5}
The range of f is
R = {y: y = f(x) and x in D}
0. 0) f()
x -3x+2
(III
x =
2
x +x-6
= {f (x)
: x 2 - 4 and x:;t S}
.J;:+4-3
Because
f(x) =
x-S
~-3 ~+3
x+4-9
= x-S ".Jx+4+3 = (x-S)(.Jx+4+3)
x-S
== (x-S)(.Jx+4+3)
11- {~}
(C) ]
23
(a)
Draw graphs of the following function, where [ 1 denotes the greatest integer function.
(i)
f (x) = x + [xl
(ii)
y == (x)[xl where x == [xl + (x) & x > 0 & x s 3
(iii) y == sgn [x]
(iv)
sgn (x -I x I)
(b)
(where [x] denotes greatest integer and {x} denotes fractional part function)
J}
' - COS 2 X
cos x
1+sinx
24
+ 4x + 30
x 2 _ 8x + 18
(e) f(x) = (x 2 + x + 5) (x 2
(a) f (x)
25
(
[Sol.
Xl
+ x-3)
J;. "Then
(c) fof
(A)
(B)
(C)
(0)
26
If f(x)
Sol.
Given that
(gof) (x).
I-X) =X
f (l+x
...(1)
I-x
Let f(x)=-=y
I+x
...(2) puttingin(1)
we get If(y) = xl
...(3)
or
If[f(x)] = xl proved.
(b) letf(x) =
I-x
-1+x
...(1)
1
I-x
then f ( ~ ) ::: __
+.!
X
x
,.,.I
\.
(1)
x-I
or f - :::-x-i-I
x
or
...(2)
fr~
):::-U~)=-f(X)
"x
I --x
I-x
+x
proved.
(1)
...(2)
1+ x
1 +x
3+x 3+x
or--=-
I+x I+x
27
proved.
f(I-X)
=
I+x
x for all x
=F- -
1.
f(J(x)) = x
f(Ijx) = - f
(a)
(b)
(x}, x =F- 0
(c)f(-x-2) = -f(x}-2.
[Sol.
)=x
(I-X
x
f -
1+
I-x
I-t
(let - - ::: t => t + tx ::: 1 - x => x(1 + t) = 1- t => x = - )
I-t x
l+t
I-t
f(t) = -1
+t
..
I-x
f(x) = -1+x
..(1)
I-x
I-f(x)
I-I+x
1(J(x)) = l t f'(x) = I-x
1+
l+x-l+x
2x
= I+x+I-x = 2
l-r x
1(J(x))=x =>
(A) is correct
againfrom (1)
I-{l/x)
1)
I ( -;
= 1+ (l/ x] =
I(~) ={
\
G::)
x-I
x +1
=-f(x) =>
(C) is correct
Also
I+(x+2)
(X+3) ,-'
f(-x-2)= 1-(x+2) =- x+I " ....(2)
and
-f(x)-2=-
G::
+2) =-
f(-x-2)=-f(x)-2 =>
hence A, C, D are correct
]
C-
x 2 2X
I: X+ ) =-
(::n . .
(3)
(D) is correct
28
x
(a)
Find the formula for the function fogoh, given f (x) = - 1 ; g (x) = x10 and h (x) = x + 3. Find
x+
Sol.
f(x)=
x r l
g(x)= x IO
h(x)=x + 3
f(g(h(x))) = g(h(x))
g(h(x))+ 1
(h(X))'O
(h(X))1O + 1
= ----'---'--7::--
(x+3yo
(x+3Yo+I
=> (fogoh)(x) =
(x-t J)'"
10
(x +3) + 1
:. f(g(h(-I)))= (-1+3)10
(-1+3yo+l
(b)
Sol.
1024
1024 + 1
1024
1025
Given F (x) == cos-Ix + 9). Find the function i, g, h such that F == fogoh.
F(x) = cos 2(x + 9)
:. F(x) = fogoh
Since, there will be infinitalymany solution exist for F(x) =(fogoh)(x).
f(x)=cos 2x
g(x) = x
I
I
h(x)=x + 9
29
I/x)
for x > 0 where max (a, b) denotes the greater of the two real numbers a
and b. Define the function g(x) = f (x) . f{1/x} and plot its graph.
Sol.
X.x
!.!
~I
x <1
x x
30
31
f (x) == [
x2
- x
x~O
and g (x) = [
if xc-O
1- x if x ~ 1
( C---;)
x(a x +1)
+ cos
(I) f(x) =
(g) f(x) = - - + - + 1
eX -1
2
if x l
(h) f(x)
i og lQ X +8
(1+22X
x
= [(x+l)2]l/3 +
[(x-l)2]1/3
32
33
Find out for what integral values of n the number 31t is a period of the function:
f(x) = cos nx . sin (5/n) x.
34
Let f be a one-one function with domain {x.y,z} and range {1,2,3}. It is given that exactly
one of the following statements is true and the remaining two are false.
f(x) = 1 ; f(Y)::f- 1; f(z)::f- 2.
Determine f-I(l)
Domain == {x, y, z}, range == {I, 2,3}
Sol.
= I, f(z)-:f:.2
one-one function
f-\I)=y
35
Sol.
ADS
f'
Let x = log49 + log928
show that [x] = 3, where [x] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to x.
X
9
1og928
= Iog4+
1
log; + _log~8
2
36
(a)
[Sol.
A function / is defined for all positive integers and satisfies /( 1) = 2005 and
/(1)+ /(2)+ ... + /(n) = n 2/(n), for all n > 1. Find the value of /(2004).
4j(2) =j{I) +j{2)
j{3)
= fill = f(l)
6
1+2+3
& so on
fO)
:. j(2004) = 1+2+3+ ...+2004
(b)
(2005)x2
I
2005x2004 1002
= 2,
o.
(a-b)
f(x)= ""1 + (a/x) +""1+ (b/x)
a-b
f(x)max = -2-
(onrationalising)
(x- 00)
L= 1 Ans.]
(c)
Let f (x) == x + kx ; k is a real number. The set of values of k for which the equation
f (x] == 0 and 1(J(x)) == 0 have same real solution set.
[Sol.
2+kx+k=0
x
....(1)
k2 - 4k < 0
k(k-4)<0
k E (0,4)
[Sol.
(e)
If f (2x + 1) = 4x + 14x, then find the sum of the roots of the equation
Let,
2x + 1 = t
now, 4x 2 + 14x = (2x + 1)Z + 10 x-I
= (2x + I? + 5(2x + 1) - 6
x = 1 or - 6 ]
Sol.
-v;:
+ 4, V
f(x)==asinx+b~ +4
f(lOgJO
(_1)J 5
10g3 1O
Now
== f (-loglo(log3 10))
=- [asin x + b l/3] +4
X E
f (x) = O.
R.
=-
1 + 4 = 3 Ans
37
So!.
(x) and g (x) are linearfunction such thatfor all x, f(g(x)) and g(j(x)) are Identity functions.
g(x) = f-I(x)
f(y)=x
g(x)=
ay+ b= x
g(5)=a
x-b
a
5-4
x-b
&
f(x)
= ax + b
f(O) = 6
y=-
a
17=l-=>!a=1\
a
17
Ie
= -(2006)+4
"
17
= 122 Ans
~
38
{x}
otherwise, then
f(x) is odd as well as even. (where {x} denotes the fractional part function)
Sol.
we have to prove that function is odd as well even it is possible only when ftx) = 0 then
(
f(x) = e.JIen{Xjj _
eln{Xl~
f(x) = {x}
39
A function f,defined for all x.y s Rts such that f(1)=2;f(2)=8 & f(x+y)-kxy=f(x)+2 y2
where k is some constant. Find f (x) & show that : f (x + y) f (_I_J = k for x + y
X+Y
Sol.
f(x + y) - kxy
= f(x) + 2y 2
... (1)
* O.
f(l) = 2
f(2) = 8
y=-x
f(O)+ kx 2 = f(x) + 2x2
...(2)
f(x) = (k - 2) x2 +f{0)
= f(l) = (k - 2) + f(O)
k-2 + f(O) = 2
k + f(O) = 4
...(3)
k= 4
f(O) = 0
lx+y
40
1.1
Let f: R --+ R - {3} be a function with the property that there exist T > 0 such that
f(x)-5
f
[Sol.
(x + T) = f(x) _ 3
f(x)-5
f(x+T)=f(x)_3
for every x
....(1)
replace x --+ x + T
f(x+ T)-5
f(x+2T)= f(x+T)-3
f(x)-5 -5
f(x+2T)= f(x)-3
f(x)-S -3
f(x)-3
..
f(x)-5-Sf(x)+15
f(x+2T)= f(x)-S-3f(x)+9
10- 4f(x)
5-2f(x)
4-2f(x)
2-f(x)
2f(x)-S
f(x+2T)= f(x)-2
again replace
+
f(x
x ~ x + 2T
_ 2f(x+2T)-5 _
4T)- f(x+2T)-2
2(2f(X) - 5
5
f(x)-2
2f(x)-S
-----''---'--- 2
f(x)-2
4f(x)-1O-Sf(x)+ 10
-f(x)
2f(x)-5-2f(x)+4 = ~ =f(x)
Hencef(x) is periodic ]
41
Sol.
If
I I, -
- I - (X- 2);
0::;; x <2
f(x)= { -1+(x-2);
2:S;x:s;4
os x < 2
1- x;
{
fix)> x-3;
2:s:x:s:4
2 + x;
g(x)= { 2-x;
-1:S: x < 0
O:S:x:s:3
O:S:g(x)<2
g( x) - 3;
2 :s: g( x) :s: 4
let g(x) = y
= {1 - y;
y-3;
0 :s: y < 2
2:s:y:s:4
.,
-1
-1 ------...----..----
- ( x + 1); -t s x < 0
f(g(x))= { x-I;
O:S:x<2 Ans
-1 :s:f(x):s:O
2-f(x);
O:s: f(x):s: 3
letf{x)=y
=
{2 + y;
2- y;
-t s y s
os
y:s: 3
2+(l-x)
l:S:x<2
2+(x-3)
2:S:x<3
2-(l-x)
Os x <1
2-(x-3)
3<x:s:4
3-x
1:S:x<2
x-I
1+x
2:S:x<3
O:s: x <1 ADS
5-x
3<x:s:4
i
,
,
/'
42
[Sol.
Let f (x) = x 135 + x 125 - x 115 + x 5 + 1. If f (x) is divided by x 3 - x then the remainder is some
function of x say g (x). Find the value of g (10).
f(x) = Qlx + 1
(div. of f(x) byx with quotient say Q, and remainder I)
f (x) = Q2(x- I) + 3 (div. of f(x) by x-I with quotient say Q2 and remainder 3)
f 0 = Qix + 1) - 1
(div. of f(x) by x + 1 with quotient say Q3 and remainder - I)
let
f(x)=Qx(x 2-1)+ ~
g(x)
f (0) = 0 + c = 1
=>
c=1
f(I)=0+a+b+c=3
=>
a+b=2
f(-I)=O+a-b+c=-l
=>
a-b=-2
hence a=O and
b=2
g (x) = 2x + 1 =>
g(10) = 21 Ans.]
43
Sol.
A is a point on the circumference of a circle. Chords AS and AC divide the area of the circle
into three equal parts. If the angle SAC is the root of the equation, f (x) = 0 then find f (x).
LetLBAC=x
:. LBOC=2x
,r'
1
:. Area ofare BACE = -(nr2)
3
InAOB,
AO=OB=r
00
sinxl2=
OA
=> 00 = OA sinxl2
= r sinxl2
AD
cosx/2=
OA
~
:. AD=rcosx/2
AB=2AD
= 25 cosx/2
are(~ABO)
"2
= -
x base x hight
xAB x OD
I
== - x 2r cosx/2 x r sin x/2
2
==
r sin x
2
r 2 sin x
By symmetric are (MOB) = are(MOC) = -
2
"2 (2xr2 )
,/
::::::> -1tr2 ==
2xr 2
r 2 sin x
--+
r 2 sin x
+-
2
:. f(x)=sinx+x-"3
44
[Sol.
i.e,
x=
-5.J5
; Hence x =
-(5+.J5)
[-6,6]
[Sol.
Requirementof(a) and (c) are conclusive that the function istrigonometric like sine or cosine
Sincesinx hasadoman (-co, co) and a period 2n, hence sin2x would meet our requirement ofperiod.
Our function sin2x has an interval of length 2, from [-1, 1], for its range. Hence 5 sin2x has
range [-5, 5] i.e. an intervaloflength 10 whichis the same as that ofthe requiredrange. Tohave the range[
2, 8] ofour function,we must move 3 units on the positiveside.
Hence g (x) = 3 + 5 sin2x satisfiesthe requirement in (a), butthat is the same as
g (x) = 3 + 5 sin(2x + C), where C is a constant, no matter what the value ofC is.
g(2)=3
~
3+5sin(4+C)=3
4 + C = nn
~
C = nn - 4
Hence g (x) = 3 + 5 sin(nn + 2x -4) Ans.
Now
~
\,
sin(4+C)=O
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