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Himself
Relationship
with His
Creation
Relationship
with His
Messengers
We shall study
three
basic themes
of the
Quranic
verses
LETS BEGIN THE
QURANIC PASSAGES
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Edition
Key Features of Allahs
relationship with His creation
1. He is most Gracious
& Merciful.
2. All Praise is due to
Allah
3. He is the Lord of the
Worlds,
4. Master of the Day of
Judgment
5. Will reward / punish
as per deeds
6. Only He is to be
worshipped
7. He is to be feared
8. He grants Guidance
9. Those who follow
guidance get Grace
10. Those who dont,
earn His anger
11. He is the Creator of
all, us & all around
us; of Good & Evil
12. We Should not set
up rivals with Him
13. He gave us
knowledge
14. His refuge should be
sought from evil
Surah Al-Fatiha 1:1-7
In the name of Allah,
most Gracious, most
Merciful.
Praise be to Allah, the
Lord of the Worlds,
Most Gracious, most
Merciful,
Master of the Day of
Judgment.
You alone we worship,
and Your aid we seek.
Show us the straight
way,
The way of those on
whom You have
bestowed Your Grace,
those whose portion is
not wrath, and who go
not astray.
Surah Al-Fatiha 1:1-7
In the name of Allah, most
Gracious, most Merciful.
Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the
Worlds,
Most Gracious, most Merciful,
Master of the Day of Judgment.
You alone we worship, and Your
aid we seek.
Show us the straight way,
The way of those on whom You
have bestowed Your Grace,
those whose portion is not wrath,
and who go not astray.
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The Main Theme(s)
1. This is the opening Surah of the Quran and it covers
a variety of themes in its text
2. It begins by introducing Allah and His Powers by
glorifying His praise, announcing that He sustains
everything, declaring His colossal mercy, and the
belief in Hereafter
3. It further highlights the two basic features of
Tauheed.
4. Firstly, that the focus of all forms of worship shall
only be for Allah and Him alone. Secondly, that we
should only ask Allah for help
5. Failing these two would mean committing an
unforgiveable sin, Shirk.
6. The Surah ends by teaching a Dua for guidance
from Allah of the straight path which is the path of
the Prophets and all pious people.
7. It also asks us to invoke Him to protect us from
going astray.
The Presentation of the Theme
1. The Surah Fatiha presents a multitude of themes in
a very distinctive manner from most other passages
of the Holy Quran because it in covers so many
subjects in just seven short sentences.
2. Unlike many other Surahs that present different
arguments, it simply presents the outlines of all
basic Quranic themes
3. These include the attributes of Allah, Tauheed,
Allahs relationship with mankind, articles of faith
and following the path of Guidance
4. Many scholars call Surah Fatiha the preface or
introduction of the Holy Quran
5. It is also called the seven oft repeated verses in
the Quran as it is recited in every rakah of Salah by
all Muslims.
6. Repeated recital ensures that Quranic principles
become deeply ingrained in a Muslims mind
Comparison Between (i) & (ii)
PART (I) MAIN
THEME
Themes
Meanings
Content
Teachings
PART (II) PRESENTATION
OF THEME
How themes have
been presented
by Allah to make
people
understand them
How this passage
is different from
other similar
passages
Surah Baqara 2: 21-22
21. O people! Adore your Guardian-Lord, who created you
and those who came before you, so that you may have
the chance to learn righteousness
22. Who has made the earth your couch, and the heavens
your canopy; and sent down rain from the heavens; and
by it brought forth fruits for your sustenance; then do
not set up rivals to Allah, when you know.
21. O people! Adore your
Guardian-Lord, who
created you and those
who came before you, so
that you may have the
chance to learn
righteousness
22. Who has made the earth
your couch, and the
heavens your canopy; and
sent down rain from the
heavens; and by it brought
forth fruits for your
sustenance; then do not
set up rivals to Allah,
when you know.
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The Main Theme(s)
1. The main theme of these verses is to help a
person understand the relationship of Allah
with humans.
2. It stresses that Allah is the Creator of all
peoples, past and present.
3. Also it is He who had created the heavens
and the earth, it is He who sends down the
rain that produces fruit; all these He has
done for mankind
4. Hence, it directs us that keeping these
bounties of Allah in mind, we should
worship Him alone, and that is the path to
piety.
The Presentation of the Theme
1. The distinctive theme of this passage is that it
encourages us to recognize Allah through His
bounties.
2. The Quran says, No vision can grasp Him, but His
grasp is over all visions (Surah Al Anaam: 103).
3. As we cannot see Him, therefore it is through His
bounties that we may recognize Allah and see His
Hand in all matters
4. We are repeatedly reminded by the Quran to
worship Allah alone and not to commit Shirk with
Him, but in this particular passage it explains this by
reminding us of His unlimited bounties and blessings
that He sends down upon us
5. This appreciation and gratitude leads us to the path
of righteousness.
Surah Al Alaq 96; 1-5
1. Read! in the name of your Lord, who created
2. Created man out of a clot of congealed blood
3.Proclaim! And your Lord is most bountiful
4. He who taught by the pen
5. Taught man what he did not know.
1. Read! in the name
of your Lord, who
created
2. Created man out
of a clot of
congealed blood
3.Proclaim! And
your Lord is most
bountiful
4. He who taught by
the pen
5. Taught man what
he did not know.
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The Main
Theme(s)
(I)
Teachings
Lessons
Beliefs
Theme
(II)
How does the Quran
explain it
What examples etc it uses
How similar themes are
mentioned in the HQ
Example from the Quran
or the Ahadith
The Presentation
of the Theme
The Main Theme(s)
1. This is part of the first ever revelation sent
to the Prophet
2. It mentions two of Allah's most important
attributes and these are
i. His creating man
ii. bestowing knowledge upon him
3. Man has been asked by Allah to
acknowledge His great favours that make
man superior to all other creations
4. Allah perfected man through various
stages of development
5. and enabled him to read and write with the
help of pen.
The Presentation of the Theme
These verses present the nature of
the relationship of man with Allah
by teaching him that He created,
shaped, and taught him
Knowledge
While these verses do not directly
ask man to worship Allah as in
Surah Baqara where after
reminding of Allahs favours, man
is ordered to worship Him only.
It presents the above facts before
man with the purpose of making
him recognize Him.
Surah ZilZal 99; 1-8
1. When the earth is shaken to her utmost convulsion,
2. And the earth throws up her burdens
3. And man cries out: 'What is the matter with her?
4. On that day will she declare her tidings
5. For that your Lord will have given her inspiration
6. On that day will men proceed in companies sorted out, to
be shown their deeds
7. Then shall anyone who has done an atom's weight of good
see it
8. And anyone who has done an atom's weight of evil shall
see it.
1. When the earth is shaken to
her utmost convulsion,
2. And the earth throws up her
burdens
3. And man cries out: 'What is
the matter with her?
4. On that day will she declare
her tidings
5. For that your Lord will have
given her inspiration
6. On that day will men proceed
in companies sorted out, to be
shown their deeds
7. Then shall anyone who has
done an atom's weight of good
see it
8. And anyone who has done an
atom's weight of evil shall see
it.
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The Main Theme(s)
The main theme contained in
this Surah are four
1. The fact that Allah is Master
of the Day of Judgment
2. Allah records all deeds
3. Allah will evaluate every
individual based on their
actions
4. Allah will reward or punish
even the smallest of deeds.
The Presentation of the Theme
1. While describing the relationship with the
mankind, Allah tells them that this life is a
temporary and it will end with the
unimaginable earthquake
2. The surah distinctly highlights the relationship
of Allah with mankind by making it clear that
Day of Judgment will be a day of justice for
everyone.
3. Other Surahs of the Quran also tell us
regarding the Day of Judgment, but this Surah
is different as it is one of the shortest Surah on
this Subject
4. E.g., Surah Waqiah has a similar theme but
presents lengthy details about the same
theme.
The 7 in Allahs Shade
The Prophet said, "Seven (people) will be shaded by Allah by
His Shade on the Day of Resurrection when there will be no
shade except His Shade.(They will be),
1) A just ruler,
2) A young man who has been brought up in the worship of
Allah,
3) A man who remembers Allah in seclusion and his eyes are
then flooded with tears,
4) A man whose heart is attached to mosques,
5) Two Muslims who love each other only for Allah's Sake,
6) A man who is called by a charming lady of noble birth to
commit sin with her, and he refuses, saying, 'I am afraid of
Allah,'
7) And (finally), a man who gives in charity so secretly that
his left hand does not know what his right hand has given.
Allahhumma Rabbana Jaalna Min Hum May Allah include us
amongst them
Multi-Media
Edition
Key Features of Allahs
relationship with His creation
1. He is most Gracious
& Merciful.
2. All Praise is due to
Allah
3. He is the Lord of the
Worlds,
4. Master of the Day of
Judgment
5. Will reward / punish
as per deeds
6. Only He is to be
worshipped
7. He is to be feared
8. He grants Guidance
9. Those who follow
guidance get Grace
10. Those who dont,
earn His anger
11. He is the Creator of
all, us & all around
us; of Good & Evil
12. We Should not set
up rivals with Him
13. He gave us
knowledge
14. His refuge should be
sought from evil
Surah Al-Nas 114: 1-6
In the name of Allah, most Gracious ,most Merciful.
1. Say: I seek refuge with the Lord of Mankind,
2. the King of Mankind,
3. the Allah of Mankind,
4. from the evil of the whisperer who withdraws,
5. who whispers in the hearts of Mankind,
6. from Among Jinn and Mankind.
Say: I seek refuge with
the Lord of Mankind,
the King of Mankind,
the God of Mankind,
from the evil of the
whisperer who
withdraws,
who whispers in the
hearts of Mankind,
from Among Jinn and
Mankind.
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Comparison Between (i) & (ii)
PART (I) MAIN
THEME
PART (II)
PRESENTATION OF
THEME
Themes
Meanings
Content
Teachings
How themes have
been presented
by Allah to make
people
understand them
How this passage
is different from
other similar
passages
The Main Theme(s)
This is the last Surah of the Quran and is partner to
the preceding Surah (Al-Falaq)
The Surah was revealed to cure the Prophet when
a spell was cast on him
It also teaches us to seek protection of Allah
Almighty against the evil effects of the whispering
of Satan that are aimed at distracting man from
the Right Path
This Surah focuses on three important themes of
man's relation with Allah:
1. Allah alone is the sole Sustainer and Supreme
over all humans
2. Therefore, He is only to be worshipped
3. Allah is the One who can protect us from all evil,
may that be hidden or visible
The Presentation of the Theme
The themes of this Surah, overall Lordship of
Allah and the seeking of His protection against all
evil, have been presented differently from other
similar passages in the Quran.
Firstly, the concept of whisperings has been
identified as a method used by both Jinn and Man
to divert a believer from the Right Path.
Secondly, it declares Allah in three short
sentences the relationship that Allah has with
Man, namely being their Sustainer, King and God.
In other similar passages, such as Surah Falaq,
such reminders of God-Man relationship are not
used, rather the powers of Allah as the creator of
all good as well as evil are presented.
It is as if Allah is reminding us that as He is our
Sustainer, King and God, it is He who shall
protect us from all evil.
2008 Mawlawi Jahangir Mahmud
www.ser.com.pk
jahangir@wol.net.pk
Multi-Media
Edition
Himself
Relationship
with His
Creation
Relationship
with His
Messengers
We shall study
three
basic themes
of the
Quranic
verses
ALLAH
&
HIS MESSENGERS
WE SHALL STUDY ABOUT 4 MESSENGERS
Adam
Ibraheem
Jesus
Muhammad (2 passages)
KEY FEATURES OF ALLAHS RELATIONSHIP WITH
HIS MESSENGERS
1. They are Allahs vicegerents on
earth
2. They have been granted special
and great knowledge by Allah
3. They are much higher in status
than the angels
4. They must follow His
instructions
5. They are very intelligent
6. They recognize Allah very well
through His Signs
7. Their focus is towards Allah
only
8. They dont do Shirk
9. Allah has favored them
10. He gave them miracles
11. He never forsakes them
12. He is never displeased with
them
13. They have His Shelter
14. He grants them guidance
15. He grants them abundance
16. His deals with their enemies
17. They have special missions
What do we
learn from
these
passages
regarding:
SURAH BAQARA 2: 30 TO
37
30. Behold, your Lord said to the angels: 'I will create a
vicegerent on earth.' They said: 'Will You place there
one who will make mischief there and shed blood?-
whilst we celebrate your praises and glorify your holy
(name)?' He said: 'I know what you do not know.' 31.
And He taught Adam the names of all things; then He
placed them before the angels, and said: 'Tell me the
names of these if you are right.' 32. They said: 'Glory
to You, of knowledge we have none, save what You
have taught us: In truth it is You who are perfect in
knowledge and wisdom.' 33. He said: 'Adam! Tell
them their names.' When he had told them, Allah
said: 'Did I not tell you that I know the secrets of
heavens and earth, and I know what you reveal and
what you conceal?'34. And behold, We said to the
angels: 'Bow down to Adam'. And they bowed down.
Not so Iblis: he refused and was haughty: he was of
those who reject faith. 35. We said: 'Adam! You and
your wife dwell in the Garden; and eat of the bountiful
things in it as You wish. But do not approach this tree,
or you will run into harm and transgression.' 36. Then
Satan made them slip from there, and got them out of
what they had been in. We said: 'Go down, with
enmity between yourselves. On earth will be your
dwelling-place and your means of livelihood, for a
time.' 37. Then Adam learnt from his Lord words of
inspiration, and his Lord turned towards him; for He is
Often-returning, most Merciful
30. Behold, your Lord said to the angels: 'I will create a vicegerent on earth.' They
said: 'Will You place there one who will make mischief there and shed blood?-
whilst we celebrate your praises and glorify your holy (name)?' He said: 'I know
what you do not know.
31. And He taught Adam the names of all things; then He placed them before the
angels, and said: 'Tell me the names of these if you are right.'
32. They said: 'Glory to You, of knowledge we have none, save what You have
taught us: In truth it is You who are perfect in knowledge and wisdom.
33. He said: 'Adam! Tell them their names.' When he had told them, Allah said:
'Did I not tell you that I know the secrets of heavens and earth, and I know
what you reveal and what you conceal?
34. And behold, We said to the angels: 'Bow down to Adam'. And they bowed
down. Not so Iblis: he refused and was haughty: he was of those who reject
faith
35. We said: 'Adam! You and your wife dwell in the Garden; and eat of the
bountiful things in it as You wish. But do not approach this tree, or you will run
into harm and transgression.'
36. Then Satan made them slip from there, and got them out of what they had
been in. We said: 'Go down, with enmity between yourselves. On earth will be
your dwelling-place and your means of livelihood, for a time.'
37. Then Adam learnt from his Lord words of inspiration, and his Lord turned
towards him; for He is Often-returning, most Merciful
What do we
learn from
this
passage
regarding:
COMPARISON BETWEEN (I) & (II)
PART (I) MAIN THEME
PART (II) PRESENTATION
OF THEME
Themes
Meanings
Content
Teachings
How themes have
been presented by
Allah to make
people understand
them
How this passage is
different from other
similar passages
THE MAIN THEME(S)
These verses describe the divine scheme of
1. creation of Adam
2. prostration of angels before him
3. defiance of Iblis
4. Adam's stay in and eventual exile from Paradise
5. Adam being forgiven by Allah after his disobedience
Iblis proved to be disobedient to Allah and was cursed forever
We learn here that Allah puts all humans through test, including
His Messengers
Another teaching is that if a person accepts his mistake after
committing any wrong he can be forgiven
The example of Adam can be cited who prayed to His Lord which is
mentioned in the Quran: Our Lord, we have wronged ourselves
and if you do not forgive us and have mercy upon us we will surely
be among losers.(7:23).
When something, anything goes
wrong
Blame yourself, and no one else
Think of what you could have
done to avert it, or can do so in
the future
THE PRESENTATION OF THE THEME(S)
This passage explains the relationship of Allah with
the Prophet Adam.
The theme of this passage is that it relates a
historical event so we learn lessons from it.
Adam was created by Allah and he was given
importance over angles as Angels were asked to bow
down before him.
The verses also inform us the nature of Satan who
refused to bow down before Adam, due to pride
The passage thus makes it clear that Allahs support
always remains with the Prophets
The distinctive manner of these verses is that they
are teaching the theme by giving the example of the
1
st
Man and Prophet Adam, thus making it clear that
every human has certain built in traits.
SURAH AL ANAAM (6: 75-79)
75. So also did We show Abraham the
power and the laws of the heavens and
the earth, so that he might have
certainty. 76. When the night covered
him over, he saw a star: He said: 'This
is my Lord.' But when it set, he said: 'I
do not love things that set.' 77. When
he saw the moon rising in splendour,
he said: 'This is my Lord.' But when the
moon set, he said: 'Unless my Lord
guides me, I will surely be among those
who go astray.' 78. When he saw the
sun rising in splendour, he said: 'This is
my Lord; this is the greatest.' But when
the sun set, he said: 'O my people! I am
indeed free from your giving partners to
Allah.' 79. 'For me, I have set my face
firmly and truly towards Him who
created the heavens and the earth,
and never shall I give partners to Allah.'
SURAH AL ANAAM (6: 75-79)
75. So also did We show Abraham the power and the
laws of the heavens and the earth, so that he might have
certainty. 76. When the night covered him over, he saw a
star: He said: 'This is my Lord.' But when it set, he said: 'I
do not love things that set.' 77. When he saw the moon
rising in splendour, he said: 'This is my Lord.' But when
the moon set, he said: 'Unless my Lord guides me, I will
surely be among those who go astray.' 78. When he saw
the sun rising in splendour, he said: 'This is my Lord; this
is the greatest.' But when the sun set, he said: 'O my
people! I am indeed free from your giving partners to
Allah.' 79. 'For me, I have set my face firmly and truly
towards Him who created the heavens and the earth, and
never shall I give partners to Allah.'
What do we
learn from
this
passage
regarding:
75. So also did We show Abraham the power and the laws
of the heavens and the earth, so that he might have
certainty.
76. When the night covered him over, he saw a star: He
said: 'This is my Lord.' But when it set, he said: 'I do not
love things that set.'
77. When he saw the moon rising in splendour, he said:
'This is my Lord.' But when the moon set, he said: 'Unless
my Lord guides me, I will surely be among those who go
astray.'
78. When he saw the sun rising in splendour, he said: 'This
is my Lord; this is the greatest.' But when the sun set, he
said: 'O my people! I am indeed free from your giving
partners to Allah.'
79. 'For me, I have set my face firmly and truly towards Him
who created the heavens and the earth, and never shall I
give partners to Allah.'
COMPARISON BETWEEN (I) & (II)
PART (I) MAIN THEME
PART (II) PRESENTATION
OF THEME
Themes
Meanings
Content
Teachings
How themes have
been presented by
Allah to make
people understand
them
How this passage is
different from other
similar passages
THE MAIN THEME(S)
These verses describe Prophet Ibraheem's attempt to
recognise Allah by way of some of the marvels of nature
Ibraheem observed the rise and the setting in of stars, the
moon and the sun in order to identify his Lord, the Creator
of all.
He was convinced that the Lord Almighty is ever-living and is
free from any decline
Finally, he reached his goal of realizing the Oneness and
supremacy of Allah
Once he did that, he began to preach to his people about
Tawhid and tried to dissuade them from Shirk or associating
partners with Allah.
THE PRESENTATION OF THE THEME
Like other messengers of Allah, Ibraheemwas also
nurtured spiritually for the formal awarding of Prophethood
Unlike Musa who witnessed a Holy Fire (28:30) to receive
Prophethood or Jesus who began to show prophetic signs
while in his cradle (5:110), Ibraheemreached the ultimate
goal of prophethood after observation and being tested
He firmly professed Tawhid
Shunned shirk before starting his prophetic mission
Allah thus strengthened the faith of His chosen servant by
showing him the contrast between the temporary shine of
the creation and the eternal glow of the Creator
The Creator Lord is the source of all light and brightness.
KEY FEATURES OF ALLAHS RELATIONSHIP WITH
HIS MESSENGERS
1. They are Allahs vicegerents on
earth
2. They have been granted special
and great knowledge by Allah
3. They are much higher in status
than the angels
4. They must follow His
instructions
5. They are very intelligent
6. They recognize Allah very well
through His Signs
7. Their focus is towards Allah
only
8. They dont do Shirk
9. Allah has favored them
10. He gave them miracles
11. He never forsakes them
12. He is never displeased with
them
13. They have His Shelter
14. He grants them guidance
15. He grants them abundance
16. His deals with their enemies
17. They have special missions
SURAH AL MAIDA 5: 110
Then will Allah say: 'Jesus son of Mary!
Recount my favour to you and to
your mother. Behold! strengthened
you with the holy spirit, so that you
spoke to the people in childhood
and in maturity.
Behold! I taught you the Book and
Wisdom, the Law and the Gospel.
And behold! You make out clay, as it
were, the figure of a bird, by my
leave, and you breathe into it and it
becomes a bird by my leave, and you
heal those born blind, and the
lepers, by my leave. And behold! You
bring forth the dead by my leave.
And behold! I restrained the Children
of Israel from you when you showed
them the clear signs, and the
unbelievers among them said: 'This
is nothing but evident magic.'
Then will Allah say: 'Jesus son of Mary! Recount my
favour to you and to your mother. Behold!
strengthened you with the holy spirit, so that you
spoke to the people in childhood and in maturity.
Behold! I taught you the Book and Wisdom, the Law
and the Gospel. And behold! You make out clay,
as it were, the figure of a bird, by my leave, and
you breathe into it and it becomes a bird by my
leave, and you heal those born blind, and the
lepers, by my leave. And behold! You bring forth
the dead by my leave. And behold! I restrained the
Children of Israel from you when you showed
them the clear signs, and the unbelievers among
them said: 'This is nothing but evident magic.'
COMPARISON BETWEEN (I) & (II)
PART (I) MAIN THEME
PART (II) PRESENTATION
OF THEME
Themes
Meanings
Content
Teachings
How themes have
been presented by
Allah to make
people understand
them
How this passage is
different from other
similar passages
THE MAIN THEME(S)
This verse describes Allah's address to Jesus,
one of His messengers.
Like other prophetic messengers, Jesus was
also granted certain prophetic signs that
distinguished him from ordinary mortals. (such
as of his miraculous birth, his ability to speak in
infancy, treat the leper and the blind and give
life to the non-living, Torah and Gospel)
The objective of granting such unusual powers
to Allah's chosen people is to strengthen them
internally and prepare them to face opposition
by their people
It also describes the fact that Allah protects His
messengers from their enemies.
THE PRESENTATION OF THE THEME
While showing His relationship with the Prophet
Jesus, Allah tells how Jesus was supported by Allah
(SWT) through Jibraeel, Ruhulqudus, and was given
miracles.
These favors show how much Allah loved His
messenger
The passage distinctly explains how Allah supports
his messengers.
Many other verses contain the same theme, but
this one is distinctive because here Allah reminds
His messenger face to face about His favours. In
other similar passages, such as those about
Ibraheem, Allah addresses us, not the Messenger
SURAH AL-DUHA 93: 1-11
1. By the Glorious Morning Light,
2. And by the Night when it is still
3. Your Lord has not forsaken you, nor is
He displeased.
4. And indeed, the Hereafter will be better
for you, than the present
5. and soon your Lord will give to you, and
you will be well pleased.
6. Did He not find you an orphan and gave
you shelter?
7. And He found you wandering, and He
gave you guidance.
8. And He found you in need, and made
you Independent,
9. Therefore do not treat the orphan with
harshness,
10. nor repulse the petitioner (unheard);
11. but proclaimthe bounty of your Lord.
What do we
learn from
this
passage
regarding:
1. By the Glorious Morning Light,
2. And by the Night when it is still
3. Your Lord has not forsaken you, nor is He displeased.
4. And indeed, the Hereafter will be better for you,
5. than the present and soon your Lord will give to you, and you
will be well pleased.
6. Did He not find you an orphan and gave you shelter?
7. And He found you wandering, and He gave you guidance.
8. And He found you in need, and made you Independent,
9. Therefore do not treat the orphan with harshness,
10. nor repulse the petitioner (unheard);
11. but proclaim the bounty of your Lord.
COMPARISON BETWEEN (I) & (II)
PART (I) MAIN THEME
PART (II) PRESENTATION
OF THEME
Themes
Meanings
Content
Teachings
How themes have
been presented by
Allah to make
people understand
them
How this passage is
different from other
similar passages
THE MAIN THEME(S)
Theme of this Surah is Allah's special care and
concern for His chosen people specially in times of
crisis and difficulty
Allah's support is as much part of prophetic mission
as the trials and tests designed by Him
Allah puts His prophetic messengers into a variety of
tests only to bring them closer to Him and thus
strengthen their faith.
THE PRESENTATION OF THE THEME
The Surah mentions Allah's reassurance for the
Holy Prophet who was being mocked by the
Quraysh
This explains Allah's special association with
the Holy Prophet
Many other passages speak of Allahs favors to
His Messengers but here there is a distinctive
style
Because this was revealed to the Holy Prophet
during his lifetime, it gave him support and
strength.
Whereas in other similar passages such as
Surah Maida, Allah will remind of His favours
after this World.
SURAH AL-KAUTHAR 108: 1-3
1. We have given you the Abundance;
2. Therefore pray to your Lord, and sacrifice.
3. For the one who hates you, he will be cut off
(from future hope).
What do
we learn
from this
passage
regarding:
COMPARISON BETWEEN (I) & (II)
PART (I) MAIN THEME
PART (II) PRESENTATION
OF THEME
Themes
Meanings
Content
Teachings
How themes have
been presented by
Allah to make
people understand
them
How this passage is
different from other
similar passages
THE MAIN THEME(S)
Theme of this short Surah is Allah's promise and
reassurance for His chosen people (prophetic messengers)
in times of hardship and opposition by their people
The main theme of Surah Al-Kauthar is to console the
Prophet (s.a.w.) and to give him reassurance that he is
unlimitedly blessed by Allah
The teaching we get from this Surah is that there is no
room for any to disrespect of the Prophet.
He is taught that he should not abandon his religious
obligations in any of the situation but must submit to the
will of Allah.
In this passage, Allah condemns those who condemn the
Prophet (s.a.w).
THE PRESENTATION OF THE THEME
The Surah shows Allah's special care for the
Prophet in times of hardship.
Here, distinctively, Allah mentions that HE will
deal with the enemies of the Holy Prophet
Himself.
Allah mentions such special support for His
messengers in other passages as well.
Here the distinctive style is prominent that Allah
revealed these verses during the Holy Prophets
life and hence announced in his lifetime the
prophecy of the destruction of his enemies.
Such a declaration is a consolation not only for
the Holy Prophet but all those involved in the
propagation of Islam.
Question 1:
Major themes
of the Quran
Q: Choose any two of the
following Passages from
the Quran and,
(a) Briefly describe the main
theme(s) in each
passage
(b) Briefly explain how each
passage presents these
theme(s) in a distinctive
way.
Each
Passage has
2 parts
Part (i) Main
Theme
Part (ii)
Presentation
of Theme
Part (i) Main Theme Answer (2 marks)
Explain:
Themes
Meanings
Content
Teachings
Quote Quran verses/Ahadith to support and
illustrate points (optional)
Demonstrate knowledge of Arabic
60-80
words in
3
minutes
Part (ii) Presentation of Theme (2 marks)
Explain:How themes have been
presented by Allah to make people
understand them
How Allah teaches similar themes in other
Surahs verses, yet this one this different
3
minutes
Comparison Between (i) & (ii)
Part (i) Main Theme
Part (ii) Presentation of
Theme
Themes
Meanings
Content
Teachings
How themes have
been presented by
Allah to make
people understand
them
How this passage is
different from other
similar passages
Lets Start the Lesson!
Himself
Relationship
with His
Creation
Relationship
with His
Messengers
We shall study
three
basic themes
of the
Quranic
verses
Tauheed
Person
Attributes
Signs
Powers
Among His signs are the night and
the day, and the sun and the moon.
Adore not the sun and the moon, but
adore Allah, who created them, if it is
Him you wish to serve Surah
Fussilat/Sajda
The Holy Quran describes and elaborates details
about the person of Allah.
Usually certain symbolic expressions and parables
have been used for this purpose.
For example, Surah An Nur describes Allah as a
'light',
Allah is the Light of the heavens and the earth. The parable of His Light is
as if there were a Niche and within it a lamp: the Lamp enclosed in
Glass: the Glass as it were a brilliant star: lit from a blessed Tree, an
Olive, neither of the East nor of the West, whose Oil is well-nigh
luminous, though fire scarce touched it: Light upon Light! Allah doth set
forth Parables for men: and Allah doth know all things. (Nur : 35)
Sura Ikhlas
The Holy Quran describes and elaborates details about the
nature and attributes of Allah using parables & analogies
Attributes of Allah
Allah is He, than whom there is no other
god the sovereign, the Holy One, the
Source of Peace (and Perfection). the
Guardian of Faith, the Preserver of Safety,
the Exalted in Might, the Irresistible, the
Supreme: Glory to Allah! (High is He) above
the partners they attribute to Him. (23) He is
Allah the Creator, the Evolver, the Bestower
of Forms (or Colours). To Him belong the
Most Beautiful Names: whatever is in the
heavens and on earth, declare His Praises
and Glory: and He is the exalted in Might, the
Wise. (Surah Al Hashr)
Another oft repeated theme is that of
Allah's Unmatchable power,
Verily, when He intends a thing, His
command is "Be" and it is! (36:82)
Sura Al Anaam
Allah in Himself
Person
Attributes
Powers
Signs
Ayat Al Kursi (2:255)
In the name of Allah, most Gracious, Most Merciful.
Allah! There is no God but He, the Living, the Self-subsisting. Neither slumber nor
sleep can seize Him. To Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is in
the earth. Who will intercede with Him except by His Leave? He knows what is in
front of them and what is behind them, While they encompass nothing of His
Knowledge, except what He wills. His Throne extends over the heavens and the
earth, And He is never weary of preserving them. And He is the Sublime, the
Supreme.
Allah! There is no God but He, the Living, the
Self-subsisting
Neither slumber nor sleep can seize Him
To Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and
whatever is in the earth
Who will intercede with Him except by His
Leave?
He knows what is in front of them and what is
behind them, While they encompass nothing
of His Knowledge, except what He wills.
His Throne extends over the heavens and the
earth, And He is never weary of preserving
them.
And He is the Sublime, the Supreme.
Comparison Between (i) & (ii)
Part (i) Main Theme
Part (ii) Presentation of
Theme
Themes
Meanings
Content
Teachings
How themes have
been presented by
Allah to make
people understand
them
How this passage is
different from other
similar passages
1. The main theme of this passage, which we know as the
verse of the Throne, is the oneness of Allah, or Tawhid
2. Allah is a being unlike any other beings because he
knows everything and can do everything
3. Also He has neither parents nor children
4. Similarly Surah Ikhlas also states that He cannot be
compared to anyone or anything
5. His throne signifies His absolute power over all as well
as His absolute knowledge of everything.
The Presentation of the Theme
1. This passage teaches us the powers of Allah,
which are limitless in all aspects, thus clearly
marking the differences between Him and His
creation.
2. This passage states all this in a authoritative tone,
and declares its teachings in a distinctive manner.
3. It teaches multiple articles of faith and belief in very
few words, thus making it a unique passage.
4. Other Quranic verses similarly teach such themes
but seldom in so few words and also they tend to at
times give logical reasoning along with their
teachings such as Surah Anam which gives a logic
that Allah cannot have a son as He has no wife
101. To Him is due the primal origin of the heavens and the
earth: how can He have a son when He has no consort?
102. He created all things, and He has full knowledge of all things.
That is Allah, your Lord! There is no god but He, the Creator of
all things: then worship Him: and He has power to dispose of all
affairs.
103. No vision can grasp Him, but His grasp is over all visions: He is
above all comprehension, yet is acquainted with all things.
101. To Him is due the primal origin of the
heavens and the earth: how can He have
a son when He has no consort?
102. He created all things, and He has full
knowledge of all things. That is Allah,
your Lord! There is no god but He, the
Creator of all things: then worship Him:
and He has power to dispose of all
affairs.
103. No vision can grasp Him, but His grasp
is over all visions: He is above all
comprehension, yet is acquainted with all
things.
Comparison Between (i) & (ii)
Part (i) Main Theme
Part (ii) Presentation of
Theme
Themes
Meanings
Content
Teachings
How themes have
been presented by
Allah to make
people understand
them
How this passage is
different from other
similar passages
1. The main theme of this passage is the unlimited
power of Allah that proves Tauheed
2. It describes how He created all things including
the heavens and the earth from scratch
3. The Arabic word Badee means He who creates
without any raw materials to start with
4. It strongly refutes any concept of him being a
parent or husband when it is He who cannot even
be seen by anyone
5. Another important aspect of the theme is fact the
His knowledge is absolute.
6. These arguments establish Him as the sole being
to be worshipped.
Another Sample answer of the Theme
1. The doctrine of Tawhid is based on Allah's power of
creating His domain out of nothing and by His single
command, Be (36:82) and that is the main theme
of this Surah: teaching Allahs Onesness by
explaining about His Person and Powers
2. Exercise of this power explains Allah's immense
power and unlimited knowledge
3. Demands us to demonstrate our belief by bowing
down before Him in all submission and worship like
the other creations: And the stars and the trees
both bow in adoration (Surah 55).
4. This further negates any form of shirk (associating
partners with Allah), specially associating any
relatives with Him.
5. Surah Ikhlas more emphatically and explicitly
refutes the corrupted idea of assuming descendants
of Allah
6. Such degree of uniqueness of Allah renders our
imagination just helpless to comprehend His entity.
The Presentation of the Theme
1. The teachings of this passage are the
Oneness of Allah, His Powers as well as His
Person which is beyond human
comprehension.
2. These are taught here in a distinctive manner
that uses common logic so people may
understand.
3. It also explains how unlimited and absolute
His Power of Creation and Knowledge are,
thus making it a logical result that we should
worship Him only.
4. This manner of explanation is distinct from
other passages as they usually only declare
or order man to worship Him without giving
any reason or logic.
Surah Fussilat/Sajda; 41. 37
37. Among His signs are the night
and the day, and the sun and the
moon. Adore not the sun and the
moon, but adore Allah, who
created them, if it is Him you wish
to serve.
Allah in Himself
Person
Attributes
Powers
Signs
Surah Fussilat/Sajda;41. 37
37. Among His signs are
the night and the day,
and the sun and the
moon. Adore not the
sun and the moon,
but adore Allah, who
created them, if it is
Him you wish to serve
Person
Attributes
Powers
Signs
1. The main theme of this passage is
Tauheed or oneness of Allah which is being
taught by explaining His powers.
2. Throughout history, many people have
begun worshipping the sun and the moon
due to their beauty or power.
3. The Quran says that these are just signs of
Allah, who is the Creator of all.
4. Similar themes are found in many places in
the Quran such as in Surah Rehman where
Allah states that He has absolute power
over all heavenly bodies.
The Presentation of the Theme
1. Tauheed, the theme of this passage is
presented through a distinctive manner of
giving examples of His signs
2. Mankind should recognize the Designer of all
these and submit to His will.
3. This is distinctive from other verses such as in
Surah Ikhlas where Allah states the theme of
Tauheed but without explaining or using any
example
4. This passage urges us not only identify HIM
but also to Worship Him.
Surah As Shura 42: 4 & 5
4. To Him belongs all that is in the heavens and
on earth: and He is most High, most Great.
5. The heavens are almost rent asunder from
above them, and the angels celebrate the
praises of their Lord, and pray for forgiveness
for beings on earth: Behold! Verily Allah is He,
the oft-Forgiving, the most Merciful.
Surah As Shura 42: 4 & 5
4. To Him belongs all
that is in the heavens
and on earth: and He is
most High, most Great.
5. The heavens are
almost rent asunder
from above them, and
the angels celebrate the
praises of their Lord,
and pray for forgiveness
for beings on earth:
Behold! Verily Allah is
He, the oft-Forgiving,
the most Merciful.
Person
Attributes
Powers
Signs
The Main Theme(s)
1. The main theme in this passage is Tauheed of
Allah as everything is His property.
2. His greatness and supremacy is evident by the fact
that the heavens are bent and on the brink of
falling to pieces due to the weight of the angels
worshipping Him.
3. It is no wonder that countless angels are
continuously engaged in glorifying the name of
Allah while seeking forgiveness for mankind.
4. Allah Himself has ordered them to do so as only
He Himself is full of forgiveness and mercy for His
creation.
5. Thus He has also ordered humankind to glorify
Him and then ask for forgiveness as in many other
verses in the Holy Quran
The Presentation of the Theme.
1. This passage presents the great mercy of Allah by
stressing on His supreme majesty.
2. The angels not only to celebrate His praise, and
also pray for forgiveness for us because Allah
Himself has ordered them.
3. The greatness as well as mercy of Allah is
presented here distinctively here by first stating His
being the owner and supreme Lord of everyone and
everything, yet His being kind and benevolent to His
creatures.
4. This is a distinct style from Surah Al-Fatiha where
Allah simply announces Himself as merciful but
doesnt discuss His rank and status
In the name of Allah, most Gracious,
most Merciful.
1. Say: He is Allah, the One;
2. Allah, the Absolute (the Eternal).
3. He does not beget nor is He begotten,
4. And there is none like Him.
1. Say: He is Allah,
the One;
2. Allah, the Absolute
(the Eternal).
3. He does not beget
nor is He begotten,
4. And there is none
like Him.
Person
Attributes
Powers
Signs
1. This Surah is a comprehensive summary of
Tauheed
2. The theme clearly asserts Him being the one and
only god, thus negating any parenthood or kinship
assigned to Him by anyone
3. It defines the very nature of Allah to be free from
the phenomenon of birth as He is not in need of
anyone or anything
4. Allahs attribute AsSamad mentioned here
means He who doesnt need anyone rather
everyone is in need of Him
5. Also by saying that He is incomparable with
everything, this Surah negates all forms of Shirk.
The Presentation of the Theme
1. The Surah Ikhlas presents the theme of Tauheed in a
very distinctive manner from most other passages of
the Holy Quran because it in covers so many aspects
of Tauheed in just four short sentences
2. It doesnt offer any sort of explanation or argument as
certain other passages, rather it simply makes a
statement of fact by saying that Allah is One, Absolute
and incomparable to anyone or anything
3. For example, in Surah Al-Maeda, Allah specifies that it
is disbelief to call Jesus the son of Allah
4. But here in Surah Al-Ikhlas, He simply declares that
He doesnt give birth at all
5. Thus all false beliefs regarding any son or daughter of
Allah are shattered.
Key Features of the Passages: Allah in Himself:
10marks
1. Allah in Himself (Person)
i. The Holy Quran describes and elaborates details about
the person of Allah.
ii. Usually certain symbolic expressions and parables have
been used for this purpose.
iii. For example, Surah An Nur describes Allah as a 'light',
(give example here) & Sura Ikhlas
2. Allah in Himself (Attributes)
i. The Holy Quran describes and elaborates details about
the nature and attributes of Allah using parables &
analogies
ii. Attributes of Allah: (Surah Al Hashr)
3. Allah in Himself (Powers)
i. Another oft repeated theme is that of Allah's
Unmatchable power,
ii. Verily, when He intends a thing, His command is "Be"
and it is! (36:82) & Sura Al Anaam
4. Allah in Himself (Signs)
i. Among His signs are the night and the day, and the sun
and the moon. Adore not the sun and the moon, but
adore Allah, who created them, if it is Him you wish to
serve Surah Fussilat/Sajda
VENUE DATE (i) Muslim Commander OUTCOME
(ii) Commander of opposing forces
1. Chaldea 633 AD (i) Khalid bin Waleed Hormuz killed and his forces
(ii) Hormuz defeated at this famous battle
of Chains
2. Walaja (i) Khalid bin Waleed Persian regiments defeated
3. Hira 633 AD (i) Khalid bin Waleed Peace Treaty signed and amnesty
granted
4. Firaz 634 AD (i) Khalid bin Waleed Arab Christians defeated
5. Mulah 632 AD (i) Usama bin Zaid Byzantine forces were defeated
6. Ajhadyn 634 AD (i) Khalid bin Waleed
(ii) Heraclius Heraclius forces were defeated
with them commander killed
CONQUESTS UNDER HAZRAT ABU BAKR
PERSIAN EMPIRE
ROMAN EMPIRE
VENUE DATE (i) Muslim Commander OUTCOME
(ii) Commander of opposing forces
1. Namarag 634 AD (i) Musana, Abu Ubaid Persian forces were defeated
(ii) Rustam
2. Jasr 634 AD (i) Abu Ubaid bin Ziyad Persian forces defeated in this
(ii) Bahman famous Battle of Bridge, where
Muslims suffered heavy losses
with their Commander Martyred
3. Buwaib 634 AD (i) Muthana Persian forces defeated and
(ii) Mehran Mehran killed. Majority of
Persian army was destroyed
4. Qadisiya (i) Saad bin Abi Waqas Rustam got killed, with his forces
(he was unwell) defeated. This completely broke
(ii) Rustam down the strength of Persians
5. Al-Madain 634 AD (i) Saad bin Abi Waqas Laid seige, eventually had to
surrender, King Yazdigard
fled away
6. Jalula (i) Qaka sent by Laid seige to the city eventually
Saad bin Abi Waqas captured it they agreed on terms
of Jizya
7. Tekrit (i) Saad dispatched the forces The combined forces of Christian
Arabs, Persians and Romans had
to face defeat
8. Ubulla (i) Utba bin Ghazwan Captured the city of Ubulla, TOWNS OF KUFA AND BASRA FOUNDED
CONQUESTS UNDER HAZRAT UMAR
9. Nehawand
(consequence (ii) Persian King The defeat of Persians resulted
of Treaty in end of sassanid Dynasty. This
broken by being the last great battle fought
Persians alter between Muslims and Persians
Jalula)
10. Jordan (i) Shurabil bin Hasan Captured the city
11. Palestine (i) Amr bin al Aas Captured the city
12. Damascus 635 AD (i) Khalid bin Waleed - assisted Laid seige to city, finally captured.
by Abu Ubaida and Yezid Peace Treaty signed.
13. Yarmouk 636 AD (i) Abu Ubaida bin al Jarrah Syria was lost to Muslims
Valley (ii) Theodorous (Victorious)
14. Damascus 636 AD (i) Abu Ubaida Recaptured
16. Jerusalem (i) Amr bin Aas Laid seige. Treaty Drawn
17. Alexandria 640 AD (i) Amr bin Aas Heraclius died. Egypt Mastered
(Egypt) over alter this conquest
18. Babylon 641 AD Captured
Revision Handout
Note on Belief in Divine Decree (10 Marks)
Belief in the Divine Decree is an article of Faith. Without this, a believers
Imam or Faith is incomplete. As mentioned in Iman-e-Mufassal, which
says: I believe in Allah, in His angels, in His books, in His Prophets, in the
Last Day and in the fact that everything, good or bad, is decided by Allah
Almighty and in the Life after Death.
This means that the belief that everything, good or bad, is known
beforehand by Allah.
Allah is the sole Creator and Cherisher of the entire Universe. His power
is not limited in any sphere whatsoever. The Quran says repeatedly,
Verily, Allah has power over everything., Verily, Allah is all Knowing,
All Powerful and He is the Exalted in Power, full of Wisdom.
As Allah is the Creator, Sustainer, All Powerful and All Knowing, not only
He has knowledge of each and every affair of the entire Universe but also
all the matters and phenomena are under His control as well as within His
Knowledge.
Man, the most supreme creation of Allah is no exception to this divine
Will. However, he is given a great deal of free will and will be tested how
he behaves in this life. Allah's knowledge encompasses the past, present
and the future. This doesn't mean that our free will is taken away by this
rather it is another manifestation of Allah's Supreme Power (Qudrat or
Taqdeer) that He already knows all things.
The Holy Prophet said that only Du'a can alter our destinies. (250 words)
Maulvi Jahangir
Mahmud
0321 44 60606 jahangir@wol.net.pk
Based on Authority or Source
Four types of hadith can be identified.
1. Qudsi - Divine; a revelation from Allah ;
relayed with the words of the Prophet.
2. Marfu - elevated; a narration from the
Prophet, e.g. I heard the Prophet saying ...
3. Mauquf- stopped: a narration from a
companion only, e.g., we were commanded
to ...
4. Maqtu' - severed: a narration from a
successor.
A
s
p
e
r
A
u
t
h
o
r
i
t
y
Main Features of Qudsi/Nabwi
Qudsi Nabwi
Words & Meaning both
from Allah
Words of Prophet &
Meaning from Allah
Starts with "Allah says"
Starts with "the
Prophet said etc
Few in number-Less than 1000 Over 100,000
Topic regarding Man-God
Relationship, Akhira,
Tauheed, Beauty of Worship. Wide range of Topics
They are only Sayings
They can be Sayings,
Actions, etc
Compilation of the Holy Quran
Since the Holy Quran was not revealed all at once and its
different verses were revealed as and when appropriate,
so it was neither possible nor practicable from the very
beginning to write and preserve it in a book form.
Before one can begin to understand the manner in which
it was preserved, the amazing memories of
the Arab nation must be kept in mind. And of course, the
fact that Allah Himself has said:
Verily, it is We Who have sent down this Message and it is We Who
shall guard it. (Surah Hijr; 15:9)
Total Time of Revelation= 23 years (610 to 632 AD)
Total Verses = 6,666
Total Suwar = 114
How the Quran was Revealed
Jibreel
Holy
Prophet
Companions
ALLAH
Different Stages in its Compilation
In The
Time of
The Holy
Prophet
In The
Time of
Abu Bakr
& Umar
In The Time
of Uthman
How the Quran was preserved in
the time of the Holy Prophet.
The Quran was revealed to the Holy Prophet through Jibril , who would make
sure that he s learnt its verses by heart.
Once the Holy Prophet had memorized the verses, Jibril would tell him that
these verses should be placed in so and so Surah in so and so order.
When the Holy Prophet had learnt the verses, he would then teach them to his
companions who would
Learn them by heart (these Huffaz were 1000s)
The scribes of the Holy Prophet, would write the verses under his instruction
on paper, stone tablets, bones, palm leaves, wooden boards or animal skins.
(These companions were about 34).
Ardah
Quran was preserved in partial volumes in writing, but primarily in the hearts
of tens of thousands of his companions.
Preservation and Compilation during
the caliphates of Abu Bakr and Umar
A large number of Huffaz killed at Yamamah
Umar proposed to Abu Bakr: Lets Write it down in a single
volume
After some initial hesitation, he Agreed
A team of Muqri Sahaba led by Zaid bin Thabit were formed to
conduct this task
How did Zayd ensure authenticity?
The contributor must have in writing as well as be a Hafiz
He tested its reliability against his own memory and that of
his team of Huffaz
Two trustworthy witnesses had testified to the fact that the
particular verse had been written in the presence of the
Prophet
The written verses were matched with the collections of
companions
The Final Volume
This Task was completed by Umars time and stayed with him
until his martyrdom.
Then it went in the custody of Hafsah and thus became
known as Mushaf-i-Hafsah.
Preservation and Compilation in
the period of Uthman bin 'Affan
Islamic Empire had spread far and wide
New people with new tongues, languages, dialects and
pronunciations had become Muslims
They began to use these to recite Quran in sometimes odd
ways.
Hudhayfa bin Yaman approached the caliph Uthman and told
him about the possible dangers of this
Uthman immediately took action
Reassembled a team under Zaid bin Thabit
Made seven copies of Mushaf e Hafsa
Sent these to the provincial capitals
Destroyed any deviant/incomplete manuscripts
Questions that you get
Note on compilation of the Quran in the time of
Holy Prophet
Abu Bakr & Umar
Uthman
All of the above
Role of Scribes in the compilation of the Quran
Steps taken by Zaid in Thabit (2 parts)
Before going any further, now we must study the sources of
Islamic Law
1. The ORIGINAL CASE (asl), on which a ruling is given in the
text and analogy seeks to extend it to a new case.
2. The NEW CASE (far), on which a ruling is needed.
3. The EFFECTIVE CAUSE (illah), which is an attribute (wasf)
of the original case and it is found to be in common
between the original and the new case.
4. The RULE (hukm), governing the original case which is to
be extended to the new case.
Smoking in Masjid
Examples
Prohibition of wine drinking based on
Quranic verse in Surah Maida 90
1. Asl wine drinking
2. Far taking drug
3. Illah intoxicating effect
4. Hukm - prohibition
1. Asl eating onion in mosque
2. Far smoking in mosque
3. Illah causing bad smell to the
mouth
4. Hukm - prohibition/haram
Elements of Qiyas
EXTRA COURSE QUESTIONS
Importance of Ijma
1. It answers the queries of the people in various
situations with logical reasoning
2. If something is explained very briefly in the Quran
and Sunnah, Ijma can be done for clarification
3. Since it is done by those who are scholars so
there is no doubt in their work
4. Through Ijma the principles of Quran and Sunnah
can be extended to new situations
5. Ijma is source of uniting Muslims on new issues
6. It is a source of making the religion applicable to
all times and places
What do Muslims mean when they
call the Quran the kalamAllah
(word of God)?
1. It is the Divine speech of Allah Himself.
2. These are the exact words relayed to the Holy Prophet by
Jibril.
3. Allah Himself protects it
4. It is the very basis of all thought and action in Islam
5. All Islamic laws are either derived from it or based on it
6. Commandments of Quran are invariable and
unchangeable for all times to come.
7. Refusal to believe in even a single verse is disbelief.
8. If someone consciously disobeys, becomes a unbeliever
9. It is the fountainhead of all belief and practice
10. All Muslims belonging to all sects agree on its text.
Why is the Quran considered a
central miracle in Islam?
1. It is the Final revealed book of Allah
2. It is the word of Allah
3. Allah Himself took the responsibility to
ensure it will never be corrupted
4. It has remained unadulterated to date
Why was the Quran revealed in
parts?
1. Because Allah willed it to be revealed as His Wisdom judged.
2. The Quran explains: Those who reject Faith say: "Why is not the
Qur'an revealed to him all at once?" Thus (is it revealed) that We
may strengthen your heart thereby and We have rehearsed it to
you in slow well-arranged stages gradually. (Surah Furqan;
25:32-33).
3. It would be hard for the people if they would get all the
instructions together, because they would have to start acting
on them at once
4. This way they found it easy to progressively follow Allahs
commands as they were revealed step by step.
5. Many verses would be irrelevant if revealed before a certain
stage. E.g., verses regarding Jihad would be irrelevant in
Makkah, because Jihad would be allowed only once an Islamic
state had been formed.
Why wasnt the Quran put down
in book form during the time of
the Holy Prophet?
1. Since the Holy Quran was not revealed all at
once and its different verses were revealed
as and when appropriate, so it was neither
possible nor practicable from the very
beginning to write and preserve it in a book
form.
2. Unless it was complete, it would not be
proper to put it in one volume.
3. Otherwise there would be confusion.
4. Hundreds remembered it by heart
Importance of the compilation
of the Quran
1. The compilation of the Holy Quran set the basic standard
for All Muslims to follow.
2. It made sure that the future generations would not be led
astray.
3. Through compilation It became easy for the Muslims to
keep and carry the Quran.
4. It solved the problem of dialect in the time of Hazrat
Uthman
5. Since the scribes were appointed by the Prophet himself
so their work can never be doubted
6. They were aware of the situation and condition in which
the Quran was revealed so their interpretation to the
verses of the Quran cannot be doubted
7. Their work also ensured the unity of Muslim Ummah.
Reasons for the change in
Prophets Attitude towards Jews
1. Jews never accepted the Holy Prophet and always went against
him
2. Islam spread and that threatened Jews supremacy over Arabia
3. Jews had socio-economic and political reasons to tolerate
Muslims
4. Riba being declared illegal deteriorated the relations between
Banu Quainqah and Muslims
5. Banu Quainqah and hypocrites active in exterminating Islam
6. For Jews the arrival of muhajireens and the Holy Prophet was
unbearable
7. Jews mocked at Muslims for having Jerusalem as their Kiblah
and fasting on Ashura
8. Composed anti-Islam verses and mispronounced Islamic verses
9. Opposite beliefs
The End of the Prophetic
Mission
1. This day have I perfected your religion for you,
revealed after the Final Sermon
2. Most of Arabia accepted Islam
3. 9
th
A.H is called Year of Delegation or Am ul
Wafoud- the entire Arab nation came under one
banner of faith
4. Holy Prophet fell ill on 29
th
of Saffar 11A.H and died
within few days
5. Appointed Abu Bakr as the Imam after him
6. Spent his last days in the Adobe of Ayesha
7. Second week of Rabi ul Awwal 11 A.H he died
PROPHET AS MODEL OF
EXCELLENCE
Why is he an ideal to
follow?
The Quran insists:
if you love Allah,followthe Prophet
he who obeys the Prophet obeys Allah
Verily in the Prophet of Allah you have the best
example
Short explanations of the above
Honesty & truthfulness
Titles of al-Sadiq (the truthful) & al-Amin (the trustworthy) even before formal
awarding of prophethood.
Worst enemies would trust him e.g. the night of his migration asked Ali to sleep
in his bed to return belongings to the owners.
Marriage with Khadija outcome of his honesty & fair dealings.
Had another trade partner, Saib, at Makka both alternately led the trade
carvans Prophet, on his turn, would 1
st
of all produce accounts before doing
anything else
Abu Sufiyan in the court of Roman emperor couldnt tell a lie about Prophets
personal conduct
Stressed on fulfilling promises: One who does not keep promise, has no
religion
Refused to accommodate Abu Jandal, who had escaped from the clutches of
Quraish, after signing the treaty of Hudaibiya.
Makkans were ready to accept his word when he addressed them from the Safa
hill (about telling them that an army ready to attack Makka from behind the hill.
Condemned all forms of unfair earnings: One who cheats is not among us &
The one who offers a bribe and the one who accepts a bribe will both go to
Leadership & statesmanship
Emerged as a dynamic & vibrant leader in Madina
Unified stranger & mutually hostile groups e.g. Mawakhat
faith based brotherhood b/w Muhajireen & Ansar
Bonded together the Aws & Khazraj tribes
Avoided hostility of the Jews by including them in the
Charter of Madina
Treated the Jews with both justice & mercy when they
violated terms of the charter
A successful strategist in the battlefield accepted advice of
others e.g. digging ditches around Madina
Foiled attempt of the Allies to win Jewish support in the
battle of the trench
Reorganized the fleeing army in the battle of Hunayn.
How to imitate these qualities
in modern times
Simplicity
overspending on weddings, other joyful
occasions. Muslims today can celebrate in a
sober & simple way, while helping the needy
with whatever excess wealth they have e.g.
may give charity to various organizations.
Muslim parents should revive the example of
simple dowry of Fatima & Prophets refusal to
arrange her maid after the conquest of Khyber, 7
A.H.
How to imitate these qualities
in modern times
Honesty
Muslim traders should avoid hoarding, giving
short measures and adulteration of food etc.
So establish weight with justice and do not
fall short in the balance. (55:9)
Sense of responsibility in joint business e.g.
Porphet & Saib.
How to imitate these qualities
in modern times
Leadership
Muslim leaders can learn great lessons from
Prophets qualities how to ensure
protection of non-Muslim minorities in
Muslim states e.g. Christians, Hindus & Sikhs
in Pakistan.
Avoid war & accept peace
Treaty of Hudaibiya
Other treaties
How to imitate these qualities
in modern times
Mercy & forgiveness
Muslims in the contemporary world need to
control tempers in unfavourable environment
e.g. on a busy road, when someone violates
traffic rules in hurry, he/she should be instructed
politely.
Try to win hearts of enemies (conquest of
Makka)
Make sober & modest jubilations on joyful
occasions e.g. on winning a match against a
strong rival.
How to imitate these qualities
in modern times
Simplicity overspending on weddings, other joyful occasions Muslims today can
celebrate in a sober & simple way, while helping the needy with whatever excess wealth they have
e.g. may give charity to various organizations.
Muslim parents should revive the example of simple dowry of Fatima & Prophets refusal to
arrange her maid after the conquest of Khyber, 7 A.H.
Honesty Muslim traders should avoid hoarding, giving short measures and adulteration
of food etc.
So establish weight with justice and do not fall short in the balance.
(55:9)
Sense of responsibility in joint business e.g. Porphet & Saib.
Leadership :
Muslim leaders can learn great lessons from Prophets qualities how to ensure protection of
non-Muslim minorities in Muslim states e.g. Christians, Hindus & Sikhs in Pakistan.
Avoid war & accept peace Treaty of Hudaibiya
Mercy & forgiveness
Muslims in the contemporary world need to control tempers in unfavourable environment e.g. on
a busy road, when someone violates traffic rules in hurry, he/she should be instructed politely.
Try to win hearts of enemies conquest of Makka.
Make sober & modest jubilations on joyful occasions e.g. on winning a match against a strong
rival.
Special Features of an Islamic
community
brotherhood based on
common faith,
social equality
piety being the sole
criterion of one's
superiority over the
other
specified spheres of rights
and responsibilities
Masjid is center of the
community
modesty
healthy circulation of
wealth
promoting peace and love
establishment of justice
tolerance towards the
non-Muslim citizens
We see such a community
in its perfect shape in
Madinah
A REVIEW OF THE PROPHETS
CONDUCT IN BATTLES
(GHAZWAT)
The Prophets rules in War
1. 1
st
priority should be to spread Islam then
Treaty of Peace otherwise war!
2. Non Combatants (civilians) cannot be
attacked!
3. Private property cannot be harmed nor
confiscated
4. Mistreatment of Captives Not allowed
5. Mutilation of dead bodies not allowed
Page 1of3
1. The Prophet (Peace be upon him) was the
greatest military leader, most righteous, the
most insightful
2. He showed superior genius, strictness, bravery,
Excellent arrangements
3. Stood fast facing the enemy
4. He made war to defend the faith not to be
offensive.
5. He was able to impose security, institute peace
Page 2of3
6. Previously wars were for robbing, killing,
plundering, tyranny, oppressing the weak,
rape , cruelty.
7. Jihad seeks to free man from oppression,
tyranny and aggression & spreading security,
safety mercy and compassion as well as
observing the rights of the conquered people
Page 3of3
8. Issued honourable strict rules about war
9. forbade torturing, killing children and
women, robbery, destroying property,
hurting non-combatants
10. Treatment of Captives (examples)
11. Treatment of Conquered People (examples)
Unit 5: Formula (i) &
(ii)
(i)Teachings
(ii)How can Muslims put these
teachings in to action
What teachings it
contains regarding what
Muslims believe and
should practice
What are the
implications for the
Muslim individual &
community
Cross Ref either here or
in (ii): from Quran or
Sunnah
How the teachings in
this hadith can be
applied to our lives
What advantages
would that have for the
community &
individual
Modern Day example if
any
Hadith No 1:'Religion is sincerity.' We said: 'To whom?' The Prophet said: 'To
Allah, His Book, His Messenger, the leaders of the Muslims and to their common
people.
1. Islam demands sincere and genuine
faith.
2. This sincerity is needed in the
fundamental beliefs as well as towards
the leaders and the members of the
community.
3. This means strong belief in Tawhid
(oneness of God), the divine message of
the Quran and the messenger of God
who conveyed this Message to us.
4. Also, the leader of the community, who
follows the Quran and Sunnah, should
be sincerely followed:
5. And obey God and obey the Messenger
and those charged with authority
among you. (4:59)
6. Finally, Muslims should believe in
respecting and caring for the fellows in
the community.
1. Belief in Tawhid, Quran and the last
Messenger is demonstrated by
following the eternal guidance of the
Quran and Sunnah.
2. Muslims should observe the five pillars
of Islam
3. As for cooperating with the leader of
the community, Muslims should
remember the speech of Abu Bakr on
his election as caliph:
4. Help me if I am in the right, set me
right if I am in the wrong
5. Similarly, sincerity towards fellows
should be expressed by being kind,
polite, just and respectful to them.
(b)
(a)
Maulvi Jahangir Mahmud 0321 44 60606
Hadith 2: None of you believes until he wants for his brother what he wants for
himself
1. According to Islamic faith, all
believers are bonded together by a
common faith in Islam
2. They, therefore, constitute a single
family or brotherhood where all
members are familiar to each other
regardless of geographical, racial or
linguistic barriers.
3. The Holy Quran endorses this by
saying: Believers are a single
brotherhood (49:10).
4. Now this sense of belonging to a
single family unit demands that a
spirit of sacrifice for the other
members be nurtured and kept alive.
1. A true believer is supposed to be ready
to give preference to the needs and
feelings of his Muslim brothers over
his own.
2. He should try to emulate the example
of the Ansar of Madinah who readily
shared all their belongings with their
Muhajir brothers.
3. Muslims should negate selfishness,
promote spirit of sacrifice and love for
the fellow Muslims
4. Should develop a sense of collective
welfare and make efforts to ensure
comfort and benefits for others as
much as for himself:
5. True believers should not look down
upon others and should not taunt
them or call them by offensive nick
names or ever break ties with them.
(b)
(a)
Maulvi Jahangir Mahmud 0321 44 60606
Hadith No 3 : Let him who believes in Allah and the Last Day either speak good or keep
silent, and let him who believes in Allah and the Last Day be generous to his neighbour, and
let him who believes in Allah and the Last Day be generous to his guest.
1. The Messenger of Allah, in his saying,
has laid down certain cardinal
disciplines for a true believer
2. Unless belief expresses itself
practically, it remains but a
pretension.
3. Teachings of the Prophet aim at
inculcating and developing the
feelings of generosity and kindness in
our day to day interaction with others
4. True belief is palpably associated
with kindness in attitude.
5. Practical demonstration of true belief
has to be projected through action
1. A faithful believer ought to be a source of
comfort to his neighbours and should
project generosity and hospitality
towards all human beings giving
preference to other Muslim brethren.
2. The Quran commands its followers to be
kind and polite in speech: And speak
kindly to mankind (2:83).
3. Neighbors and guests are important
components of the Muslim society and
showing them generosity would
strengthen the bonds of love and
fraternity
4. Allah elaborately enjoins upon us, in (al-
Ma'un), certain duties signifying the
importance of neighbourly needs
(b)
(a)
Maulvi Jahangir Mahmud 0321 44 60606
Hadith No 4 : A man asked the Messenger: Do you think that if I say my prayers regularly,
fast in Ramadan, treat as lawful that which is lawful and treat as forbidden that which is
forbidden, and do nothing further, I shall enter paradise? He said: Yes.
1. Amongst the five pillars upon which
Islam stands, after Shahadah, the two
mentioned above are those which are
obligatory for each and every Muslim.
2. This Hadith highlights the principles
upon which is based eligibility for
Paradise.
3. Without the establishment of Salah
and observance of the Sawm, it is
impossible to avoid Hellfire
4. Another thing that is mentioned, is
the adherence to the Halal and
avoiding the Haram
5. If Islamic teachings are followed, i.e.
only the lawful is acted upon and the
prohibited is shunned, the path to
Jannah becomes clear and sure
1. Salat and Sawmare both aimed at
promoting self-discipline and complete
submission to Allah's command
2. The Quran elaborates the objective of
fasting in these words:
3. O you who believe! Fasting has been
prescribed to you ____ so that you may
learn self-restraint (2:183).
4. A Muslim is not merely ordered to pray
individually but to 'establish' prayer,
meaning to bond collectively with the
community through the daily prayers
and also through celebrating Ramadan
5. These together prepare the believers
to observe patience, perseverance and
avoid Halal so as to achieve the
objectives
6. Thus such a conduct in life would pave
the way to Paradise.
(b)
(a)
Maulvi Jahangir Mahmud 0321 44 60606
Hadith No 5 : Every person's every joint must perform a charity every day the sun comes up:
to act justly between two people is a charity; to help a man with his mount, lifting him onto
it or hoisting up his belongings onto it is a charity; every step you take to prayers is a
charity; every kind word is a charity and removing a harmful thing from the road is a charity
1. All physical powers as a gift & trust
from Allah
2. Muslim should remember this and
express gratitude to Allah by helping
fellow Muslims brothers
3. All such acts are acts of charity
4. Such acts should be equated with
exerting energy in the worship of God
5. The Prophet said: The best among
the people are those who are a
source of benefit to the people
6. This hadith emphasizes that a Muslim
must spend each day of his or her life
doing acts of kindness
1. Islam includes all good deeds whether
acts of worship or kindness to others
in the scope of charity that shall be
rewarded by Allah.
2. Muslims should help their brothers
and sisters in day to day affairs.
3. They should hurry to offer their
prayer, share the burden of fellows
and, wherever possible, remove
anything harmful from thoroughfares.
4. As in the examples given by the Holy
Prophet, all joints and organs of the
body working for goodness perform
acts of charity
5. So much so that the Holy Prophet said
that, even a smile is a charity.
(b)
(a)
Maulvi Jahangir Mahmud 0321 44 60606
Hadith No.6: Whosoever of you sees an evil action, let him change it with his
hand, and if he is not able to do so then with his tongue, and if he is not able
to do so then with his heart, and that is the weakest of faith
1. Islam teaches its followers to first
establish a true Islamic society based on
the teachings of the Quran and Sunnah
2. The faith inside a Muslim expresses itself
through his or her opposition to evil
3. It further commands them to defend the
society against all possible evils with
whatever available resources.
4. A Muslim must physically stop evil or
attack it verbally, or at least have
feelings of resentment for it.
5. The Quran declares the distinguishing
factor of the Muslim Ummah as: You are
the best of the people, evolved for
mankind, enjoining what is right,
forbidding what is wrong and believing
in Allah (3:100)
6. If a person doesn't even feel bad upon
encountering an evil, then perhaps true
faith has not yet entered his or her heart.
1. Eradication of evil involves struggle of
varying degrees depending on the
available resources with the Muslim
community and government.
2. If s/he does nothing, nor even feels the
need to do so s/he should be warned that
as per this Hadith, even the weakest
degree of faith is missing from his or her
heart.
3. Evil may be suppressed through speech
or writings by individuals, or use of law
enforcement by Muslim rulers.
4. Thus suppressing evil, (Qital or Physical
Jihad.) or verbally admonishing
(Dawa'/intellectual Jihad) it, is the duty
of a Muslim.
5. But at all times a believer is required to
shun evil internally and for this ask
Allahs help (Surah Falaq)
(b)
(a)
Maulvi Jahangir Mahmud 0321 44 60606
Hadith No 7 : It was said: O Messenger of Allah, who is the most excellent of
men? The Messenger said: 'The believer who strives hard in the way of Allah with
his person and his property.
1. The importance of striving for the cause
of Allah can easily be understood by the
Quranic verse: Those who believe, and
suffer exile (Hijrah) and strive with
might and money, in Allah's cause, with
their goods and their persons, shall
attain the highest rank in the sight of
Allah (9:20)
2. Thus belief in Allah is subject and
conditional to striving in His way with all
resources so as to attain the status of a
martyr which is the highest reward
bestowed upon the believers by Allah
3. Jihad is aimed at suppressing evil,
stopping aggression and transgression
but within the limits prescribed by the
code of conduct of war in Islam.
4. Muslims believe that all their physical
and financial resources are granted by
God, and so, they develop the spirit of
placing them at Gods disposal.
1. The Messenger of Allah, in this Hadith,
has described some of the most
excellent Muslims for all times, the
Mujahideen or those who conduct
Jihad with the best of their resources
2. To be included in 'the best' we must be
ready to sacrifice our time, money and
even life if need be in the path of Allah
3. This includes physical, mental and
spiritual Jihad
4. One who strives in Allah's way will be
ranked as a shaheed even if s/he dies a
natural death
(b)
(a)
Maulvi Jahangir Mahmud 0321 44 60606
Hadith No 8: The Messenger of Allah said: Whom do you count to be a martyr among you?' They said: O Messenger
of Allah, whoever is killed in the way of Allah is a martyr. He said: 'In that case the martyrs of my community
will be very few!. (We asked): Then who is Shaheed?. He who is killed in the way of Allah is a martyr, he who
dies a natural death in the way of Allah is a martyr, he who dies of plague is a martyr, he who dies of cholera
is a martyr.'
1. The entire life of a Muslim is spent in
some form of Jihad
2. He or she may be performing spiritual,
mental or physical Jihad at any given
time
3. The Quran and the Prophet have
repeatedly admired those busy in
Jihad and ranked them as the best
Muslims.
4. The Holy Prophet fought battles,
received wounds and also witnessed
martyrdom of his close associates.
5. It was generally believed that this
rank can only be achieved if one was
actually in combat, but this Hadith has
included all those Muslims who are
struggling in Allah's Path in one way
or the other.
1. If the desire of a Muslim is to attain the
exalted status of a Shaheed (Martyr) he
or she should spend every living
moment in Allah's Way
2. This can be achieved simply by making
the intention to seek Allah's pleasure in
all that we do
3. Allah's Path, in a broad term, applies to
many aspects of goodness
4. If one's life is spent in this manner,
then no matter if death comes
naturally or through a disease, he or
she shall be amongst the Martyrs
5. This serves as a great encouragement
for those who do not get an
opportunity to be involved in physical
jihad
(b)
(a)
Maulvi Jahangir Mahmud 0321 44 60606
Hadith No9: No one eats better food than that which he eats out of the work of
his hand
1. This Hadith stresses on two
important teachings: Dignity of
Labour & Superiority of Halal income
2. The Holy Prophet said that the test
lies not in how much you earn, but
whether it is earned through fair or
unfair means
3. Islam warns that those who use
wrongfully acquired wealth actually
fill their stomach with hellfire
4. The Holy Prophet himself set an
example of labour many a times in his
life: Construction of the Masjid &
Daily chores
1. The Holy Prophet also said that, He
who works with his hand is a friend of
Allah.
2. The Holy Prophet himself never
evaded physical hard labour
3. In the light of this Hadith and the
Prophet's example, no Muslim should
avoid physical labour nor consider it
below his or her dignity.
4. Also they should respect those who
engage in physical labour and not
consider them inferior
5. They should prefer to earn through
hard work than unfair means
(b)
(a)
Maulvi Jahangir Mahmud 0321 44 60606
Hadith No. 10 : One who manages the affairs of the widow and the poor man is like
the one who exerts himself in the way of Allah, or the one who stands for prayer
in the night or fasts in the day
1. Islamic teachings train the believers to
develop a sense of fulfilling the rights of
God as well as those of the fellow
beings.
2. Islam strictly instructs us to take care of
the less privileged in the society. Such
people have been equated by the
Prophet to a regular worshipper and the
one who strives in the way of God.
3. The Quran links true faith with a
supportive attitude towards the poor
and declares those who fail to do so as
the rejecters of faith
4. Islam also requires that fellow Muslims
behave with each other in a brotherly
fashion as an expression of genuine
faith.
5. The Holy Prophet declared mutual love
and care among the members of the
Islamic community as one of the pre-
requisites to the true faith
1. The Muslims should follow the
example of the Prophet who was
known even before awarding of
prophethood as the supporter of
widows & orphans.
2. They should support those in need by
regular charity and almsgiving
3. By taking care of the poor, the needy,
widows, etc one can prove whether
s/he is actually a believer or merely a
pretender of faith
4. The Quran links kindness to Tawheed
by saying: Serve Allah and do not join
any partners with Him; and do good to
parents, kinsfolk, orphans, those in
need. (4:36)
5. In a Muslim society special
arrangements should be made to
support the needy with Zakat and
other acts of charity.
(b)
(a)
Maulvi Jahangir Mahmud 0321 44 60606
Hadith No 11 : 'I and the man who brings up an orphan will be in paradise like
this.' And he pointed with his two fingers, the index finger and the middle
finger.
1. Islam instructs its followers to be caring
and considerate towards the
unsupported and the needy.
2. It promises greater rewards for such
noble attitude, e.g., earning the pleasure
of God and closeness to His Messenger.
3. It also associates such nobility with the
love for God:And they feed for the love
of God, the indigent, the orphan and the
captive (76:8)
4. Care and support of the orphan is greatly
admired by the Quran and Sunnah, as
both promise huge rewards for those
who are kind towards the orphan.
5. This Hadith guarantees such people
closeness to the Prophet in Paradise
for any believer this is no less than a
fabulous award in the Hereafter
1. The Prophet was asked in Surah al-
Duha: Did He not find you an orphan
and give you shelter?
2. He therefore, showered special love on
the orphan
3. Muslims should imitate his examples in
whatever possible ways such as
supporting orphanages
4. They should adopt orphan children in
the light of the admiration expressed
by the Prophet, the best Muslim
house is that in which an orphan is well
treated.
5. Such noble tasks strengthen the
communal bonds among the members
of the Muslim community.
(b)
(a)
Maulvi Jahangir Mahmud 0321 44 60606
Hadith No 12 : The Messenger sent Abu Musa and Mu'adh ibn Jabal to Yaman, and he
sent each of them to govern a part. Then he said: 'Be gentle and do not be hard,
and cause rejoicing and do not alienate.
1. This Hadith highlights the attitude of
a Muslim ruler
2. A Muslim ruler is given the power to
rule a country as a trust from Allah
3. A Muslim ruler is required to consider
himself the custodian of his people,
responsible for their prosperity and
welfare
4. True Muslim rulers try their best to
win the hearts of their people by
kindness and by being very close to
them, avoiding any degree of
harshness.
5. The Prophet said, Be merciful to
those on earth and He, Who is in the
heavens, shall show mercy to you.
1. A Muslim ruler is expected to discharge his
duties with such a faith deeply ingrained in his
mind and show maximum kindness and
patronizing attitude towards his subjects
2. Both the companions mentioned in this
Hadith were highly trained by the Prophet and
it was virtually unthinkable that they would be
harsh to anyone, so his warning to them was
actually directed towards the rulers to come
3. Muslim rulers need to follow these model
rulers who ruled not only the state but also the
hearts of their subjects.
4. They should remove all barriers that separate
them form their people and should treat them
in a kind and fatherly way so that people do
not fear but respect them with sincerity.
5. We also understand that 'Ruler' also means
everyone in responsibility, such as a parent or
employer; who should also take a lesson from
this Hadith.
(b)
(a)
Maulvi Jahangir Mahmud 0321 44 60606
Hadith No 13 : He who studies the Qur'an is like the owner of tethered camels. If
he attends to them he will keep hold of them, but if he lets them loose they will
go away
1. Holy Quran is the ultimate source of
guidance for the worldly matters as well
as the Hereafter.
2. The conduct of the Muslims depends on
the degree of their association with the
Quran because it is the basis of their lives.
3. The Prophet has linked this bond with the
ownership of the tethered camels
4. As long as the camels are supervised and
kept tethered, they remain under control.
5. Similarly, as long as a Muslim remains
attached to the Quran by recitation,
learning and comprehending it, the Quran
continues to benefit him; but if this
relation is weakened, the effect of the
Quran gradually fades away.
6. Quran continues to guide the reader as
long as the latter continues to read and
comprehend the message of the Quran
1. A Muslim should bind himself and
herself with the Quran as a person firmly
ties up his prized camels
2. The Holy Prophet has used this analogy
in order to emphasize on the
significance of the Quran as camels
were a very precious belonging in those
times.
3. He further said, 'The best amongst you
is the one who studies the Quran and
teaches it.'
4. In any Muslim community, readers and
teachers of the Quran are held in high
esteem.
5. In most families, formal education of a
Muslim child begins by learning the
recitation of the Quran
(b)
(a)
Maulvi Jahangir Mahmud 0321 44 60606
Hadith No .14: May God show mercy to a man who is kindly when he sells, when he
buys, and when he demands his money back
1. Muslim should demonstrate
compassionate behavior towards fellow
Muslims in dealings with them .
2. Islamic Economic Teachings stress on
honesty and justice on one hand, while
mercy and lenience on the other.
3. Sellers should believe that honesty and
generosity are liked by God.
4. Buyers similarly should not have any ill
intention of exploiting any weakness of
the seller.
5. Creditors should believe that God alone
enabled him to be a source of helping
those in need and so, he should develop
spirit of magnanimity when some needy
person approaches him.
6. In conclusion, mercy and compassion
should not be left out during business
transactions
1. The Prophet conducted trade not only
with full honesty and dedication, but
also with kindness
2. The Messenger also said: Be
compassionate to those on earth and
He who is in the heavens will be
compassionate to you.
3. He would not hide defects of
merchandise while selling any items or
cheat the buyer.
4. The buyer nor the seller should exploit
each other.
5. A creditor should show generosity &
grant relief to the debtor because the
Prophet greatly admired such degree
of kindness: Whoever has a claim on a
brother which is payable and he allows
respite to the debtor in his payment,
he will be given the reward of charity.
(b)
(a)
Maulvi Jahangir Mahmud 0321 44 60606
Hadith No .5: God will not show mercy to him who does not show mercy to others.
1. Allah Himself is the fount of mercy
2. The Quran says that Allah's mercy
wraps His anger
3. In this Hadith the Holy Prophet is
laying down the condition for Allah's
Mercy only for those who show
mercy to others
4. Allah loves His creation and doesn't
allow anyone to be harsh as He
Himself is not harsh or unfair to
anyone
5. To deserve His Mercy, one must show
it to His Creation
1. The Muslims are required to follow the
footsteps of the Prophet who never
cursed his enemies and insulters in
Makkah, Taif and the battlefield.
2. He kindly treated captives of Badr and
forgave his fatal enemies on the
conquest of Makka.
3. Muslims today may imitate such noble
conduct and generosity of heart.
4. They should not overburden their
employees and should have the moral
courage of forgiving the insulters
because they will receive huge reward
from their Lord:
5. Even if someone is harsh, we should try
to win over him with love and
compassion
6. The Prophet said Be compassionate
to those on earth and He, who is in the
heavens, will be compassionate to
(b)
(a)
Maulvi Jahangir Mahmud 0321 44 60606
Hadith No.16: The believers are like a single man; if his head is affected he is
all affected and if his eye is affected he is affected
1. This Hadith emphasizes Muslim
brotherhood and unity
2. Islamic teachings strike at the root of
racial, geographical, social and
linguistic barriers and discriminations
3. All the Muslims are bonded together
by the strong fabric of common faith
that makes them a single fraternity:
Believers are a single brotherhood
(49:10).
4. When a brother is in pain, his pain is
felt by all his siblings
5. Just as siblings are one family unit, so
is the entire Muslim community
6. Just as a body cannot be at rest, if any
single part is afflicted, the Muslims
cannot be at peace if some amongst
them is in trouble.
1. The believers may follow this Hadith in
a variety of ways.
2. The Ansar of Madina accommodated
the Muhajireen of Makka by sharing all
their assets with them.
3. They should care for fellow Muslims in
hour of need and trials
4. The finest example in history of such
mutual compassion was the
brotherhood between the Muhajireen
and Ansar
5. Each Ansari divided his entire
belongings in half and half and
presented the same to his Muhajir
brethren
6. Muslims should follow this example
and sacrifice their wealth for the less
fortunate Muslims Brothers &Sisters
(b)
(a)
Maulvi Jahangir Mahmud 0321 44 60606
Hadith No.17: Modesty produces nothing but good.
1. Modesty is perhaps the most important
component of the moral teachings of
Islam
2. Modesty is the barrier, like piety, against
all indecencies and evils and is thus a
source of strengthening faith and
submission before divine commands.
3. So, modesty strengthens and
accompanies faith, and faith, in turn,
promotes mental piety.
4. Mental piety reflects a believers
obedience to God and is a means of
earning Gods favor.
5. The Prophet declared modesty as a
cardinal feature of Islam: Every religion
has a distinctive quality and distinctive
quality of Islam is modesty
6. Modesty is not only to be observed
towards fellow human beings, but
towards Allah too
1. The Prophet said: ' Be modest before
Allah: the correct way to be modest
before Him is to control your heart and
head and keep them pure
2. We must practice modesty by
shunning evil thoughts
3. Modesty keeps us away from all evil
acts
4. The Muslims must lower their gaze as
it may lead to sin
5. Thus the practice of modesty
eliminates evils and social problems so
that a balanced society develops.
(b)
(a)
Maulvi Jahangir Mahmud 0321 44 60606
Hadith No 18 : He who has in his heart as much faith as a grain of mustard seed
will not enter hell, and he who has in his heart as much pride as a grain of
mustard seed will not enter paradise
1. According to Muslim belief, true faith
alone guarantees a believers salvation
from the fire of Hell and entry to
Paradise.
2. This Hadith underlines the importance
of true faith and renunciation of pride
3. It also identifies faith and arrogance
being opposites of each other
4. When a person embraces Islam, he
actually and practically submits to the
will of Allah and submission is
diametrically opposed to any form or
degree of pride
5. Quran and Sunnah reiterate that faith
and pride cannot co-exist in the heart
of a Muslim
1. We must shun all types of pride and
observe modesty and humbleness in all of
his postures and dealings
2. By strengthening a sense of humility,
pride can be effectively resisted and
controlled.
3. This ensures pleasure of God:for God
does not love the arrogant (4:36)
4. Following the divine guidance is the best
means of promoting humility and
resisting pride.
5. As faith and pride cannot co-exist in one
heart, we must continuously analyze our
own selves and keep our hearts under
check
6. We must adopt humility not only in
behavior, but also in dress and manners
(b)
(a)
Maulvi Jahangir Mahmud 0321 44 60606
Hadith No 19: The world is the believer's prison and the unbeliever's paradise
1. Allah created charms in this world to test
His obedient servants.
2. A believer is trained by Islamic teachings
to consider this world a prison where he
is not free to live a life of his choice and
so, cant get attached to it just as a
prisoner cant develop a lasting
association with the prison.
3. The Holy Prophet said This world is but
a cultivating ground for the Hereafter.
4. A true believer strongly believes in the
eternal joys of the Hereafter whereas a
non-believer is fully enticed by the
temporary glow of this world and thus,
denies the Hereafter.
5. A non-believer on the other hand, never
wants to leave this world because as he
doesnt believe in Hereafter, he sees this
as the only place to be happy.
1. Paradise is the place where one would
get whatever one would wish for
Believers, for whom the world is a
testing ground feel imprisoned here
2. The unbelievers strive solely for the
pursuit of temporal happiness
3. We, as Muslims, should focus on
concentrating to spend our lives in this
'prison' as per rules and regulations set
forth by God Almighty
4. And shun our desires and wishes in this
world, to project ourselves before God
Almighty as true Muslims.
5. A Muslim should never lose sight of
his/her real objective and purpose, and
should not become overly involved in
worldly desires
(b)
(a)
Maulvi Jahangir Mahmud 0321 44 60606
Hadith No 20: Allah does not regard your appearances & your possessions,
but he regards your hearts and your actions.
1. This Hadith categorically declares the
criterion by which God judges actions
and conduct.
2. God does not consider outward
appearance or worldly gains made by a
person.
3. He simply considers a persons conduct
and the intentions behind it because the
Prophet clearly stated in another Hadith:
Actions are judged by intentions
4. However good appearance we may carry
and whatever success we get, God is so
supreme and high that everything is
worthless before Him because He is
Lord of all the worlds and He knows
secrets of hearts.
5. So, a true believer strives to act
according to the Quran and Sunnah and
with sincerity of intention.
1. We must purify our hearts and our
intentions
2. Our actions must be strictly according to
the Islamic teachings, even if they may
seem alien to some society, because our
intention is to please Allah
3. Perhaps the people around us may only
appreciate our appearance and wealth,
but the only one whose appreciation is
worth getting is Allah
4. They should reject any form or degree of
hypocrisy or showing off and develop
sincerity of faith and intention, keeping
in mind: Whether you hide whatever is
in your hearts or reveal it, God knows it
all. (Al Quran 3:29)
5. They should do all noble deeds with the
pure intention of earning Gods pleasure
and not for showing off to others.
(b)
(a)
Maulvi Jahangir Mahmud 0321 44 60606
There are 3 ways of performing Hajj. Decide yours.
IF YES IF YES IF YES
IF YES
IF NO
Hajj al-Ifraad Hajj al-Qiraan Hajj al-Tamuttu
Change into Ihraam from Miaqaat
Make Niyyah for Hajj only
Say Talbiyah
Change into Ihraam from Miaqaat
Make Niyyah for Hajj & Umrah
Say Talbiyah
Change into Ihraam from Miaqaat
Make Niyyah for Umrah only
Say Talbiyah
Perform Tawaf Al-Quddum (optional)
May perform Sai for Hajj
*on 10th Dhul Hajjah perform only
Tawaf-ul-Ifadah
Perform Tawaf-ul-Umrah
2 Rakaat behind Muqaam-e-Ibrahim
Perform Sai for Umrah
May Perform Sai for Hajj too
Perform Tawaf-ul-Umrah
2 Rakaat behind Muqaam-e-Ibrahim
Perform Sai for Umrah
Stay in Ihraam & wait for
the 8th Dhul Hajjah
Shave or get a hair cut
& take of Ihraam
8TH DHUL HAJJAH (morning)
Proceed to Mina
(*reach there before Duhr)
Offer Duhr, Asr, Maghrib & Isha
Offer Fajr Salah on the 9th
Say Talbiyah repeatedly
8TH DHUL HAJJAH (morning)
Put on Ihraam
Make Niyyah for Hajj
Say Talbiyah
Proceed to Arafaat on the
9th after sunrise
*reach there before Duhr
9TH DHUL HAJJAH
Offer Duhr & Asr Salah at
Duhr time (early)
Make Dua
Proceed to Muzdalifah
after sunset
*reach there before
midnight
Offer Maghrib & Isha Salah at
Isha time
Collect alteast 49 pebbles
Offer Fajr Sahalh & make Dua
Return to Mina after
sunrise on the 10
th
*reach befor Zawal
Stone Jamraat-al-Aqba
*with seven pebbles before Zawal
Slaughter animal
*for Hajj Qiraan & Tamuttu only
Shave or get a hair cut & take off
Ihraam
Perform Tawaf-Al-Ifadah
Pray 2 Rakaat behind
Maqam-e-Ibrahim
Perform Sai for Hajj
*if not performed before
Return to Mina to spend
nights of 11th, 12th & 13th
*not take rest in Makkah
12TH DHUL HAJJAH
On the 12th, after Zawal
stone 3 Jamraat
* 7 pebbles each, starting
with the smallest
Make Dua after 1st & 2nd
Jamraat
11TH DHUL HAJJAH
On the 11th, after Zawal
stone 3 Jamraat
* 7 pebbles each, starting
with the smallest
Make Dua after 1st & 2nd
Jamraat
Proceed to Makkah
to perform Tawaf-Al-Ifadah
by Zafal of the 11th
In a hurry?
Leave Mina before
sunset on the 12th
Dhul Hajjah Return back to
Makkah
HAJJ MABROOR &
MAQBOOL
INSHAALLAH!
Perform Tawaf-Al-Wida
while leaving Makkah
2 Rakaat behind
Maqam-e-Ibrahim
13TH DHUL HAJJAH
On the 13th, after Zawal
stone 3 Jamraat
* 7 pebbles each, starting
with the smallest
Make Dua after 1st & 2nd
Jamraat
RETURN HOME
Rights of
Non Muslims
1. Their life, wealth and honour should be protected by the state
2. The Jizyyah imposed on them should be according to their financial
conditions.
3. Jizyyah should only be imposed on individuals who can take part in a war.
4. Children, women, the handicapped, the insane, the old and the sick who
cannot earn their living dont have to pay any tax
5. The needy and poor among them should be provided the basic necessities
of life
6. Their personal matters and religious rituals should be exempted from the
law of the state and no interference should be made in their faith and
religion.
7. Their places of worship should not be tampered with.
8. They should be given all the rights which are sanctioned by the norms of
justice and fairness for people in a civilised society
Examples from Caliphs
Prophets treatment of Jews as per Treaty
Prophets respect for elderly Jew and Jewish funeral bier
Prophet said, Beware! Whoever is cruel and hard on a non-Muslim minority, curtails their
rights, burdens them with more than they can bear, or takes anything from them against their
free will; I will complain against the person on the Day of Judgment.
Umar ibn al-Khattab the second caliph of Islam, once passed by a old, blind man
begging in front of a house. Umar asked him which religious community he
belonged to. The man said he was Jewish. Umar then asked him, What has
brought you to this? The old man said, Do not ask me; ask poverty, and old
age. Umar took the man to his own home, helped him from his personal money,
and then ordered the head of the treasury, You must look after this man and
others like him. We have not treated him fairly. He should not have spent the best
years of his life among us to find misery in his old age. Umar also relieved him and
others in his situation of paying the jizya
In another instance, Umar ibn al-Khattab, the Muslim Caliph, was visiting
Damascus. He passed by a group of Christian lepers. He ordered that they be
given charity and regular stipends for food.
Examples from Sunnah
Unit 5: Comparison between (i) & (ii)
(i)Teachings
What teachings it
contains regarding what
Muslims believe and
should practice
What are the implications
for the Muslim individual
& community
Cross Ref either here or in
(ii): from Quran or
Sunnah
(ii)How can Muslims put these
teachings in to action
How the teachings in
this hadith can be
applied to our lives
What advantages would
that have for the
community & individual
Modern Day example if
any
Maulvi Jahangir Mahmud
0321 44 60606 jahangir@wol.net.pk
How does belief in Tauheed affect the
personality of a Muslim? [4]
1> Fearlessness of all except
Allah
1> Allah becomes focus of Life
2> Belief in Tauheed infuses a
spirit of
Submission
Obedience & Avoiding evil
Express our gratitude
GHAZWAH e HUNAIN
& Siege of Taif
Background
The conquest of Makkah which came forth as a
consequence of a swift blow astounded both the
Arabs and other tribes who realized that they
were doomed and had to submit to the new
situation
Some of the fierce, powerful proud tribes did not
submit and favoured resistance.
These were mainly: Hawazin and Thaqif. Nasr,
Jashmand Sad bin Bakr etc
So they selected Malik bin Awf An Nasri to fight
against the Muslims
The March begins
The enemy had reached Hunnain (10 miles
north of Makkah towards Arafat)
Shawwal (nineteen days after conquest of
Makkah)
12,000 Muslims (including 2000 new Makkan
Muslims)
Well equipped and armed
Sends ahead scouts to bring info about the
enemys location etc
Events of the Battle
Fierce fighting began against the just 4000 enemy soldiers
The attack was so fierce that the Muslims had to retreat t in
disorder and utter confusion
The Prophet was left alone except for a few companions
He prayed to Allah for His Help
Soon Abbass reorganized them.
Then the enemy began to retreat in utter confusion.
In just a few hours had elapsed they were shatteringly defeated
70 men of Thaqif alone were killed along with many many others
Allah mentions this in the Quran (Surah Taubah): Assuredly Allah
did help you in many battle-fields and on the day of Hunain..
Huge chest of Spoils of war (6000 captives, 24000 camels, 40000
sheep 4000, silver ounces)
Onwards to Taif
After their defeat, the majority of enemy troops took refuge in Taif
and surrounding areas
Upon finishing with Hunain, the Prophet marched towards At-Taif.
He laid siege to it for about 2 weeks
A number of Muslims were wounded and twelve were killed.
Heaving shooting of arrows; throwing of molten iron
To force the enemy to surrender, the Prophet (peace be upon him)
tended to a war policy of burning and cutting the enemys crops.
Now the enemy implored the Prophet to stop and have mercy on
them for the sake of Allh and out of kinship motives.
The Prophet agreed and announced that anyone seeking asylum
wouldnt be harmed
When the deadlock prolonged, the Prophet decided to lift the siege
and depart
When the Messenger of Allh was asked to
invoke Allh against Thaqif, he said: O Allh,
guide Thaqif and bring them to us as
Muslims.
He sent to Makkah, performed Umra & Left
for Madinah
The Arab resistance is now almost completely
broken
Battle of Tabuk
9 A.H.
Events leading to the battle
The Byzantine power, which was considered the
greatest military force on earth at that time,
didnt like the rising power of Muslims in Arabia
Caesar mustered a huge army of the Byzantines
and pro-Roman Ghassanide tribes to launch a
decisive bloody battle against the Muslims.
The Prophet came to know and began to prepare
as well.
He announced and appealed to all Muslims
They participated and donated generously
Events of the battle
30,000 Muslims army, though still not large
enough to fight with Romans reached Tabuk
Allah struck terror in the hearts of the Byzantines
and their allies
None of them dared set out to fight.
Muslim forces gained a great military reputation
in Arabian Peninsula
The tribes, who used to a lly the Byzantines,
became quite certain that their dependence upon
their former masters came to an end. Therefore
they turned into being pro-Muslims.
Importance of Tabuk
The effect of this invasion is great as regards
extending and confirming the Muslims influence
and domination on the Arabian Peninsula
It became obvious that Muslims were the
absolute power in Arabia
Non Muslim Arab tribes now became subjects
Abdullah bin Ubay died and verses about him &
hypocrites revealed
Many verses revealed
Maulvi Jahangir Mahmud
jahangir@wol.net.pk
Welcome to Islamiyat 2058
Multimedia Edition (Beta)
1. History of Arabs
as Banu Ismail
2. Political Arena
3. Religious Beliefs
4. Social Setup
5. Tribal Culture &
System
6. Economic
Situation
1.History of
Arabs as
Banu Ismail
Ibrahim
Sarah
Ishaq
Yaqub
(Israel)
Bani Israel
Countless
Prophets:
Last Jesus
Hajar
Ismael
Bani Ismael
(Arabs)
Muhammad
Keturah
Midian
Political Arena
1. Stuck between Two great
super powers
2. Divided in to countless tribes
3. Quraish were the superior
most
Family Background
Death of Father before birth
Mothers Blessed Dreams
Early Childhood
Mother
Haleema Sadia
Abdul-Muttalib
Zubair bin Abdul-Muttalib
Abu Talib Abdul-Muttalib