Laboratory for Exploration and Production

Report

Reservoir Fluid
(PVT) Properties
Block S2 (Al Uqlah), Yemen

I
R T FIE

OMV Exploration & Production GmbH

Laboratory
Gerasdorfer Strae 151, A-1210 Vienna, Austria, Europe
Tel. +43 (1) 40440-23315, Fax +43 (1) 40440-20995

Vienna, November 2006

Laboratory for Exploration and Production

Contents
1

Executive Summary ............................................................................. 4

1.1 Aim of the work ........................................................................... 4
1.2 Scope of work.............................................................................. 4
1.3 Reports provided .......................................................................... 4
1.4 Description of the reservoir fluid. .................................................... 4
2 Staff of Project and Responsibilities ....................................................... 5
3 Nomenclature, Abbreviations ................................................................ 6
4 Tables, Figures.................................................................................... 8
5 Introduction ........................................................................................ 9
6 Key PVT-data ................................................................................... 10
7 Fluid compositions............................................................................. 13
8 Modeling of the phase behavior with an EOS......................................... 15
9 Reservoir fluid summary, experimental data .......................................... 18
10 Reservoir fluid summary, EOS modeling................................................ 22
10.1
Parameters of the EOS ............................................................. 26
10.2
Variations of GOR .................................................................... 26
11 Summary ......................................................................................... 31

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Executive Summary

1.1 Aim of the work

To date in total 4 PVT samples were investigated. The objective of this work
was to determine compose a unified data set for the reservoir engineer to
calculate the reserves and the production. The facility engineer should be
likewise able to design the necessary surface installations.

1.2 Scope of work

The work included the following points:
Survey the existing data.
Create the most likely hydrocarbon distribution of the reservoir fluid.
Create the most likely formation volume factor for oil, the solution gas
ratio and the composition of the associated gas during production.
Determination of the viscosity of oil.
Calculation of the formation volume factor and viscosity for gas.
Group the components in order to describe the fluid behavior with an
equation of state. This is a necessary step for compositional simulation.
Characterize the groups of components.

1.3 Reports provided

The reports provided are listed below.
Tab. 1 Existing PVT-reports

Well
Kharwah-1
Zone
Kohlan
Date
of 29.3.2001
sample
Laboratory
WCP
Oilphase-DBR
(SLB), Dubai
report
01/LJA/169

Al-Nilam-1
Kohlan
12.8.2003

Al-Nilam-1
Lam

WCP
Oilphase-DBR
(SLB), Dubai
LJA24016A

WCP
Oilphase-DBR
(SLB), Dubai
LJA24016B

Habban-1a
30.6.2005
LEP (OMV)
RES20050057

1.4 Description of the reservoir fluid.

The reservoir fluid is an undersaturated oil. The hydrocarbon distribution extends
up to C120. The summary of the fluid data can be found in Tab. 5-Tab. 8.

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1.5 Summary
The task of normalizing the existing PVT data could be achieved. All points of
the scope of work were covered. The data of all 4 PVT reports lead to the
conclusion that
o The reservoir fluids of the samples taken have the same composition.
o An analysis led to the identification of some outliers.
o A description of the phase behaviour with an EOS through 10 component
groups is possible and will provide the basis for a fast compositional
simulation.
o Variations in the surface GOR were calculated successfully.

Staff of Project and Responsibilities

Activities and Experiments

Data analysis
EOS modeling
reporting
proof reading

PR20060025

Name
Klaus Potsch
Klaus Potsch
Klaus Potsch
August Burisch

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Nomenclature, Abbreviations

B ...............formation volume factor

BHS ...........bottom hole sample
BIC ............binary interaction coefficient
CCE ...........constant composition expansion (flash)
C...............compressibility
CT ..............thermal expansion oil
DLP ...........differential liberation process
EOS ...........equation of state
GC.............gas chromatography
GOR ..........gas oil ratio
HTGC.........high temperature gas chromatography
M, Mm ........molecular mass
MPa...........Megapascal
Nc .............carbon number of a component
OF .............oil field
p ...............pressure
pabs ............absolute pressure
PR .............Peng-Robinson
PS .............pseudocomponent
Psc ............pseudocomponent
Rs ..............gas oil ratio
Sf ..............shrinkage factor Sf= 1/Bo
SI ..............Systme International dUnits
SRK ...........Soave-Redlich-Kwong
T ...............temperature
Vs ..............volume at separator conditions
Vrel .............V/Vb in the CCE
Y ...............Y function = (p/pb-1)/(Vb/V-1)
Z ...............compressibility factor
Greek symbols:
...............viscosity
...............density
Indexes:
a ...............ambient conditions (1.01325 bar, 20 C)
b ...............bubble point
c ...............critical
d ...............data from DLP
f................data from CCE or flash
g ...............gas
o ...............oil
r ................reduced
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res.............at reservoir conditions
t................total
0 ...............standard conditions (1 bar, 0 C)

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4
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.

Tables, Figures
1 Well locations................................................................................. 9
2 Pressure versus depth ................................................................... 11
3 Temperature versus depth.............................................................. 11
4 Gas solution ratio Rs versus saturation pressure psat .......................... 12
5 Gas solution ratio Rs versus formation volume factor Bo .................... 12
6 Reservoir fluid distributions ............................................................ 13
7 Saturation pressure versus depth .................................................... 15
8 Formation volume factor of oil vs. pressure ...................................... 16
9 Gas-oil ratio vs. pressure ............................................................... 16
10 Oil viscosity vs. pressure ............................................................. 16
11 Gas compressibility factor vs. pressure .......................................... 17
12 DLP, composition of solution gas. ................................................. 25

Tab.
Tab.
Tab.
Tab.
Tab.
Tab.
Tab.
Tab.
Tab.
Tab.
Tab.
Tab.
Tab.
Tab.
Tab.
Tab.

1 Existing PVT-reports ...................................................................... 4

2 Formation data, OF units .............................................................. 10
3 Formation data, SI units ............................................................... 10
4 Reservoir fluid distributions ........................................................... 14
5 Reservoir fluid summary, SI-units @ T=Tres ..................................... 18
6 Reservoir fluid summary, SI-units @ T=20C ................................... 18
7 Reservoir fluid summary, OF-units @ T=Tres.................................... 18
8 Reservoir fluid summary, OF-units @ T=60F .................................. 18
9 Volumetric experimental data, DLP (SI units) ................................... 19
10 Volumetric experimental data, DLP, (OF units) ............................... 20
11 Experimental gas analyses of well stream, volumetric units ............. 21
12 Experimental gas analyses of well stream, molar units .................... 21
13 Volumetric calculated data, DLP (SI units) ..................................... 23
14 Volumetric calculated data, DLP, (OF units) ................................... 23
15 Calculated gas analyses of well stream, volumetric units................. 24
16 Calculated gas analyses of well stream, molar basis ....................... 24

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Introduction

The samples were taken at different wells and depths. A map shows the
location of the wells within Block S2.
Fig. 1 Well locations

Al Nilam-1

Habban-1a

Khawarah-1

For the purpose of getting an overview, the main parameters of the wells were
summarized in Tab. 2 and plots were made to detect inconsistencies as a first
step. If the data cannot be harmonized then the conclusion has to be made that
the reservoir consists of different compartments. Secondly, the distribution of
components will be looked at. A grouping of components, especially of the
heavy ends will lead to a shortened description of the fluid by means of which
the experiments will be matched. The dependence of the saturation (bubble
point) pressure with depth will be calculated. That allows for a consistency
check of the PVT reports.

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Key PVT-data

The key PVT-data are listed in both systems of units SI (Tab. 2) and OF (Tab.
3).
Tab. 2 Formation data, OF units
well
formation
sample
sampling date
report date
depth SS
initial pressure
reservoir temperature
saturation pressure, pb
solution gas, Rsi
formation factor oil Bo
oil viscosity
gas viscosity
gas gravity (air=1)
rel oil density
rel oil density

pb,Tres
pb,Tres
pb,Tres
pb,Tres
pb,Tres
stc
pb,Tres

ft
psia
F
psi
scf/stb
bbl/stb
mPas
mPas

Al Nilam 1
Lam
SEP
15.12.03
May 2004
4858.9
3738
180.6
3450
1198
1.68
0.3
0.022
0.775
0.836
0.4976

Al Nilam 1
Kohlan
SEP
08.12.03
May 2004
5516.7
3905
193.7
3595
1210
1.683
0.27
0.022
0.79
0.838
0.4979

Habban-1a

Al Nilam 1
Lam
2293.0
812.0
1481.0
257.6
82.6
237.8
213.4
1.68
0.3
0.022
0.775
0.836
0.4976

Al Nilam 1
Kohlan
2493.5
812.0
1681.5
269.1
89.8
247.8
215.5
1.683
0.27
0.022
0.79
0.838
0.4979

Habban-1a

BHS
30.06.05
Oct 2005
5387.8
3865
199
3364
1155
1.744
0.398
0.0224
0.8352
0.4789

Kharwah 1
Kohlan
SEP
29.03.01
Jul 2001
6190.9
4067
221
3600
1588
1.953
0.29
0.022
0.761
0.833
0.4265

Tab. 3 Formation data, SI units

well
formation
depth
elevation
depth SS
initial pressure
reservoir temperature
saturation pressure, pb
solution gas, Rsi
formation factor oil Bo
oil viscosity
gas viscosity
gas gravity (air=1)
rel oil density
rel oil density

pb,Tres
pb,Tres
pb,Tres
pb,Tres
pb,Tres
stc
pb,Tres

m
m
m
bar
C
bar
scf/stb
bbl/stb
mPas
mPas

2450.0
807.8
1642.2
266.4
92.8
231.8
205.7
1.744
0.398
0.0224
0
0.8352
0.4789

Kharwah 1
Kohlan
2722.0
835.0
1887.0
280.3
105.0
248.1
282.8
1.953
0.29
0.022
0.761
0.833
0.4265

The most useful plots are pressure (Fig. 2) and temperature (Fig. 3) versus
depth, gas solution ratio Rs versus saturation pressure psat (Fig. 4) and versus
formation volume factor Bo (Fig. 5).

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Fig. 2 Pressure versus depth
4200
p res
p sat
4000

regression p res
regression p sat

3600

3000
4000

4500

5000

5500

Kharwah-1

3200

Habban-1a

Al Nilam-1, Lam

3400

Al Nilam-1, Kohlan

pressure, [psia]

3800

6000

6500

depth [ft]

Fig. 3 Temperature versus depth

230
220

200

160
150
4000

4500

Habban-1a

170

5000

5500

Kharwah-1

180

Al Nilam-1, Kohlan

190

Al Nilam-1, Lam

temperature [F]

210

6000

6500

depth [ft]

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Fig. 4 Gas solution ratio Rs versus saturation pressure psat

Kharwah-1

1700

1600

Al Nilam-1, Kohlan

1300

Al Nilam-1, Lam

1400

Habban-1a

Rs [scf/stb]

1500

1200

1100

1000
3350

3400

3450

3500

3550

3600

3650

p sat [psia]

Fig. 5 Gas solution ratio Rs versus formation volume factor Bo

1700

Kharwah-1

1600

Habban-1a

1300

Al Nilam-1, Kohlan

1400

Al Nilam-1, Lam

Rs [scf/stb]

1500

1200

1100

1000
1.65

1.7

1.75

1.8

1.85

1.9

1.95

formation volume factor Bo [bbl/stb]

Observations from the plots are that

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o the first two plots show a correct trends.
o The saturation pressure of Habban-1a could be a little bit too low.
o The reservoir temperature of the Kohlan formation in the well Al Nilam
seems to be too low.
The gas solution ratio Rs is tied to the formation volume factor of oil, Bo. The
more gas is in solution the more the volume of the oil grows. A linear
relationship is expected. With the present data it is difficult to determine
outliers. That the two Al Nilam-1 values are close together can be considered
specific for the way the well was operated. The low value of Habban-1a or the
high value of Kharwah-1 has to be checked via EOS (see later chapter).

Fluid compositions

The fluid compositions of all well streams are known for every well to a different
extent: Kharwah-1 to C12+, the Al Nilam-1 samples to C30+ and the Habban-1a
to C120+. The distributions are only tabulated up to C30+. Concluding from the
graphical display (Fig. 6) one can see that the hydrocarbon distributions are
sufficiently close together so that an average distribution can be reasonably
calculated. The data is found in Tab. 4.
Fig. 6 Reservoir fluid distributions
carbon number
0

10

15

20

25

30

100

percentage

10

Al-Nilam-1, Lam
Al-Nilam-1, Kuhlan
Haban-1a
Kharwah-1, Kohlan

0.1

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Tab. 4 Reservoir fluid distributions
well
formation
comp
CO2
H2S
N2
C1
C2
C3
iC4
nC4
iC5
nC5
C6
C7
C8
C9
C10
C11
C12
C13
C14
C15
C16
C17
C18
C19
C20
C21
C22
C23
C24
C25
C26
C27
C28
C29
C30+

Al-Nilam-1 Al-Nilam-1 Haban-1a

Lam
Kohlan
mol%
mol%
mol%
0.69
0.73
0
0
0
0
0.44
0.54
0.57
44.71
46.89
43.07
8.68
8.08
8.33
6.76
6.19
6.54
1.21
1.12
1.09
3.49
3.24
3.40
1.27
1.19
1.22
1.75
1.63
1.82
2.28
2.16
2.31
3.48
3.36
4.48
3.78
3.68
3.76
2.4
2.35
3.18
2.09
2.06
2.78
1.56
1.55
1.92
1.34
1.32
1.63
1.28
1.27
1.63
1.11
1.1
1.50
1.11
1.08
1.31
0.89
0.9
1.04
0.76
0.75
0.96
0.75
0.73
0.91
0.66
0.64
0.85
0.56
0.54
0.59
0.51
0.5
0.53
0.47
0.46
0.57
0.43
0.42
0.42
0.39
0.39
0.40
0.39
0.37
0.39
0.31
0.3
0.33
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.29
0.28
0.27
0.29
0.29
0.29
3.55
3.57
1.58

Kharwah-1
Kohlan
mol%
1.37
0
0.68
45.9
8.47
6.58
1.04
3.11
1.03
1.47
2.17
3.83
4.47
2.77
2.22
1.62
13.28

average

group

mol%
0.71
0.00
0.52
C1+N2
44.89
8.39 C2+CO2
C3
6.52
C4
1.12
C4
3.31
C5
1.18
C5
1.67
2.23
psc1
3.79
psc1
3.92
psc1
2.68
psc2
2.29
psc2
1.66
psc2
1.43
psc2
1.39
psc3
1.24
psc3
1.17
psc3
0.94
psc3
0.82
psc3
0.80
psc4
0.72
psc4
0.56
psc4
0.51
psc4
0.50
psc4
0.42
psc4
0.39
psc4
0.38
psc4
0.31
psc4
0.32
psc4
0.28
psc5
0.29
psc5
2.65
psc5

The last column of Tab. 4 indicates the grouping of the components for the
modelling exercise. The total number of components was limited with 10 in
order to keep the potential compositional reservoir simulation time short. The
divisions of the pseudocomponents were made in such a way that they had
equal mass.

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Modeling of the phase behavior with an EOS

Assuming one common fluid composition allows for checking the PVT data of
the different reports on consistency by using an EOS. In the present case the
Peng-Robinson EOS with non-zero BICs was employed, for the liquid viscosity
the Pederson model was used. The data against which the EOS was tuned was
the data set of Habban-1a. The reason of this decision was that they originate
from the only bottom hole sample and it was also the most recent data. If the
reservoir fluids are from the same pool, then the data of the PVT-studies with
the separator samples should be able to be reproduced by a compositional
grading calculation. That calculation takes care of the dependence of the PVT
parameters with depth. The plot of the saturation pressure versus depth Fig. 7
gives us a valuable insight into the quality of the available PVT data.
Fig. 7 Saturation pressure versus depth
3650

Al-Nilam-1, Kohlan

3500
3450

3300

psat claculated
psat experimental
Habban-1a

3350

Al-Nilam-1, Lam

saturation pressure [psia]

3550

3400

Kharwah-1

3600

3250
3200
3150
4700

4900

5100

5300

5500

5700

5900

6100

6300

depth [ft]

The calculation shows a decreasing trend of the saturation pressure with depth.
Al-Nilam-1, Lam formation is following this trend. Al-Nilam-1, Kohlan formation
and Kharwah-1 seem to have a saturation pressure that is too high. The cause
can be that the GOR at the separator was measured too high or there was
simply a miswriting of a number.
The next step was to match the experimental PVT data Habban-1a with an EOS.
After the match was achieved the reservoir temperature was changed to the
ones of the other samples and the PVT data were calculated. The results of that
exercise are displayed in Fig. 8 - Fig. 11.
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Fig. 8 Formation volume factor of oil vs. pressure
2.2
Kharw ah-1, exp.
Al-Nilam-1, Kuhlan, exp.

Al-Nilam-1, Lam, exp.

Habban-1a, exp.
Kharw ah-1, EOS

1.8

Al-Nilam-1, Kuhlan, EOS

Bo

Al-Nilam-1, Lam, EOS

Habban-1a, EOS

1.6

1.4

1.2

1
0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

3000

3500

4000

absolute pressure [psia]

Fig. 9 Gas-oil ratio vs. pressure

1800
Kharw ah-1, exp.
Al-Nilam-1, Kuhlan, exp.

1600

Al-Nilam-1, Lam, exp.

1400

Habban-1a, exp.
Kharw ah-1, EOS

Rs [scf/stb]

1200

Al-Nilam-1, Kuhlan, EOS

Al-Nilam-1, Lam, EOS

1000

Habban-1a, EOS

800
600
400
200
0
0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

absolute pressure [psia]

Fig. 10 Oil viscosity vs. pressure

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1.6
Kharw ah-1, exp.
Al-Nilam-1, Kuhlan, exp.

1.4

Al-Nilam-1, Lam, exp.

Habban-1a, exp.

1.2

Kharw ah-1, EOS

Al-Nilam-1, Kuhlan, EOS

[mPas]

Al-Nilam-1, Lam, EOS

Habban-1a, EOS

0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

3000

3500

4000

absolute pressure [psia]

Fig. 11 Gas compressibility factor vs. pressure

1
Kharw ah-1, exp.

0.98

Al-Nilam-1, Kuhlan, exp.

Al-Nilam-1, Lam, exp.

0.96

Habban-1a, exp.
Kharw ah-1, EOS

0.94

Al-Nilam-1, Kuhlan, EOS

0.92

Al-Nilam-1, Lam, EOS

Habban-1a, EOS

0.9
0.88
0.86
0.84
0.82
0.8
0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

absolute pressure [psia]

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Reservoir fluid summary, experimental data

Tab. 5 Reservoir fluid summary, experimental data, SI-units @ T=Tres

p0 abs
pb abs
1.01325
232
Formation volume factor oil (DLP) Bod
1.0682
1.7441
Formation volume factor oil (CCE) Bof
1.0682
1.652
Formation volume factor gas (DLP) Bg
1.3577 0.00515
Gas oil ratio (DLP)
Rsd
0
205.88
Gas oil ratio (CCE)
Rsf
0
198.00
4
Compressibility oil
Co*10
1.250
2.658
Compressibility factor gas
Z
0.9998
0.8755
Viscosity oil
o
1.203
0.398
Viscosity gas
g
0.0130
0.0224
Thermal expansion (Tres)
Ct *10
1.243

pres abs
284 bar
1.7182 m/m
1.6261 m/m
m/Sm
205.88 Sm/m
198.00 Sm/m
1.658 1/bar
0.437 mPas
mPas
1/C

Tab. 6 Reservoir fluid summary, experimental data, SI-units @ T=20C

Density of STO (DLP) @ 20 C

H2S content of produced gas
Compressibility of STO @ 20 C

ST

835.2 kg/m
n.a ppm
n.a. 1/bar

Tab. 7 Reservoir fluid summary, experimental data, OF-units @ T=Tres

Formation volume factor oil (DLP)

Formation volume factor oil (CCE)
Formation volume factor gas (DLP)
Gas oil ratio (DLP)
Gas oil ratio (CCE)
Compressibility oil
Compressibility factor gas
Viscosity oil
Viscosity gas
Thermal expansion (Tres)

p0 abs
pb abs pres abs
14.7 3364.9 4119.1 psia
Bod
1.0682 1.7441 1.7182 bbl/bbl
Bof
1.0682
1.652 1.6261 bbl/bbl
Bg
1.3577 0.00515 0.00441 ft/scf
Rsd
0 1155.98 1155.98 scf/bbl
Rsf
0 1111.73 1111.73 scf/bbl
5
Co*10
0.086
0.183
0.114 1/psi
Z
0.9998 0.8755
o
1.203
0.398
0.437 mPas
g
0.0130 0.0224
mPas
Ct *10 0.691
1/F

Tab. 8 Reservoir fluid summary, experimental data, OF-units @ T=60F

Density of STO (DLP) @ 60 F

H2S content of produced gas
Compressiblity of STO @ 60F

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38.4 API
n.a. ppm
n.a. 1/psi

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Tab. 9 Volumetric experimental data of , DLP (SI units)

p abs
bar
301
284
271
241
235
232
211
181
151
121
91
61
31
11
1

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Bod
m/m
1.7115
1.7182
1.7238
1.7374
1.7407
1.7441
1.6777
1.5968
1.5251
1.4595
1.3995
1.3428
1.2793
1.2142
1.0682

Bof
m/m
1.6194
1.6261
1.6317
1.6453
1.6486
1.6520
1.5940
1.5251
1.4653
1.4117
1.3637
1.3189
1.2673
1.2102
1.0682

Rsd
Nm/m
205.88
205.88
205.88
205.88
205.88
205.88
183.90
155.88
130.64
107.62
86.08
65.46
43.99
25.32
0

Rsf
Nm/m
198.0
198.0
198.0
198.0
198.0
198.0
176.7
149.7
125.5
103.5
83.0
63.4
43.0
25.0
0.0

Bt
m/m
1.7115
1.7182
1.7238
1.7374
1.7407
1.7441
1.7998
1.9185
2.1073
2.4209
2.9898
4.1953
7.9508
22.7410
278.0361

Co*104
1/bar

Bg
m/m

2.658
2.486
2.256
2.041
1.860
1.723
1.628
1.502
1.373
1.250

0.8755
0.8630
0.8512
0.8498
0.8611
0.8839
0.9162
0.9556
0.9848
0.9980

0.00515
0.00555
0.00638
0.00764
0.00966
0.01319
0.02039
0.04185
0.12153
1.35770

o
mPas
0.451
0.437
0.426
0.403
0.399
0.398
0.425
0.471
0.533
0.601
0.678
0.762
0.870
1.028
1.203

g
Pas
26.43
25.49
24.75
23.00
22.71
22.42
21.24
19.50
17.85
16.35
15.09
14.09
13.37
13.05
12.95

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Laboratory for Exploration and Production

Tab. 10 Volumetric experimental data, DLP, (OF units)

p abs
psia
4365.6
4119.1
3930.5
3495.4
3408.4
3364.9
3060.3
2625.2
2190.1
1755.0
1319.8
884.7
449.6
159.5
14.5

PR20060025

Bod
bbl/bbl
1.7115
1.7182
1.7238
1.7374
1.7407
1.7441
1.6777
1.5968
1.5251
1.4595
1.3995
1.3428
1.2793
1.2142
1.0682

Bof
bbl/bbl
1.6194
1.6261
1.6317
1.6453
1.6486
1.6520
1.5940
1.5251
1.4653
1.4117
1.3637
1.3189
1.2673
1.2102
1.0682

Rsd
scf/bbl
1155.8
1155.8
1155.8
1155.8
1155.8
1155.8
1032.4
875.1
733.4
604.2
483.3
367.5
247.0
142.1
0.0

Rsf
scf/bbl
1111.6
1111.6
1111.6
1111.6
1111.6
1111.6
992.2
840.7
704.7
581.2
466.0
356.0
241.2
140.2
0.0

Bt
bbl/bbl
1.7115
1.7182
1.7238
1.7374
1.7407
1.7441
1.7998
1.9185
2.1073
2.4209
2.9898
4.1953
7.9508
22.7410
278.0361

Co*105
1/psi

Bg
scf/scf

1.832
1.713
1.555
1.407
1.282
1.187
1.122
1.035
0.946
0.861

0.8755
0.8630
0.8512
0.8498
0.8611
0.8839
0.9162
0.9556
0.9848
0.9980

0.00515
0.00555
0.00638
0.00764
0.00966
0.01319
0.02039
0.04185
0.12153
1.35770

o
mPas
0.451
0.437
0.426
0.403
0.399
0.398
0.425
0.471
0.533
0.601
0.678
0.762
0.870
1.028
1.203

g
Pas
26.43
25.49
24.75
23.00
22.71
22.42
21.24
19.50
17.85
16.35
15.09
14.09
13.37
13.05
12.95

20 von 31

Laboratory for Exploration and Production

Tab. 11 Experimental gas analyses of well stream, volumetric units

p abs
bar
211
181
151
121
91
61
31
11
1

N2
vol%
1.775
1.653
1.454
1.227
0.924
0.568
0.264
0.000
0.000

C1
vol%
79.383
80.108
80.530
80.457
79.448
76.492
67.359
44.448
2.206

C2
C3
iC4
nC4
vol%
vol% vol%
vol%
8.843 4.831 0.660 1.727
8.914 4.708 0.623 1.609
9.163 4.693 0.599 1.529
9.618 4.822 0.593 1.493
10.544 5.234 0.625 1.555
12.398 6.267 0.727 1.790
16.735 9.386 1.095 2.707
23.923 17.981 2.309 5.918
9.141 25.584 6.668 22.288

iC5
vol%
0.491
0.441
0.403
0.384
0.375
0.418
0.613
1.369
6.897

nC5
vol%
0.631
0.561
0.506
0.467
0.459
0.502
0.731
1.646
9.289

C6
vol%
0.515
0.442
0.379
0.333
0.308
0.324
0.449
0.993
6.503

C7
vol%
0.575
0.482
0.399
0.338
0.304
0.304
0.406
0.881
6.326

C8
vol%
0.374
0.309
0.238
0.196
0.164
0.156
0.197
0.412
3.176

C9
vol%
0.153
0.127
0.098
0.070
0.058
0.051
0.057
0.115
1.043

C10+
p
vol%
psia
0.042 1682.4
0.024 1319.8
0.009 1029.8
0.003 739.7
0.002 449.6
0.002 232.1
0.002
14.5
0.006 159.5
0.880
14.5

iC5
mol%
0.511
0.459
0.421
0.401
0.392
0.436
0.638
1.412
6.942

nC5
mol%
0.665
0.591
0.534
0.493
0.485
0.530
0.769
1.716
9.349

C6
mol%
0.652
0.561
0.481
0.423
0.392
0.412
0.569
1.246
6.781

C7
mol%
0.735
0.616
0.511
0.432
0.389
0.389
0.519
1.115
6.863

C8
mol%
0.503
0.415
0.320
0.264
0.221
0.210
0.264
0.548
3.578

C9 C10+
p
mol% mol%
psia
0.208 0.057 3060.3
0.173 0.033 2625.2
0.133 0.013 2190.1
0.096 0.004 1755.0
0.080 0.002 1319.8
0.070 0.002 884.7
0.078 0.003 449.6
0.156 0.008 159.5
1.217 1.063
14.5

Tab. 12 Experimental gas analyses of well stream, molar units

p abs
bar
211
181
151
121
91
61
31
11
1

N2
mol%
1.758
1.639
1.443
1.218
0.918
0.564
0.261
0.000
0.000

PR20060025

C1
mol%
78.699
79.498
79.989
79.960
78.966
75.983
66.731
43.632
2.089

C2
C3
iC4
nC4
mol%
mol% mol%
mol%
8.848
4.908 0.673 1.781
8.928
4.789 0.636 1.661
9.185
4.777 0.612 1.580
9.647
4.911 0.606 1.544
10.577
5.332 0.639 1.608
12.429
6.380 0.743 1.851
16.732
9.529 1.116 2.791
23.701 18.089 2.332 6.045
8.739 24.836 6.573 21.971

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Laboratory for Exploration and Production

10

Reservoir fluid summary, EOS modeling

Tab. 13 Reservoir fluid summary, experimental data, SI-units @ T=Tres

p0 abs
pb abs
1.01325
232 bar
Formation volume factor oil (DLP) Bod
1.0632
1.742 m/m
Formation volume factor gas (DLP) Bg
1.3190 0.00510 m/Sm
Gas oil ratio (DLP)
Rsd
0
193 Sm/m
4
Compressibility oil
Co*10
1.200
2.658 1/bar
Compressibility factor gas
Z
0.9807
0.8833
Viscosity oil
o
1.088
0.295 mPas
Viscosity gas
g
10.23
25.35 Pas
Thermal expansion (Tres)
Ct *10
1.243
1/C
Tab. 14 Reservoir fluid summary, experimental data, SI-units @ T=20 C

Density of STO (DLP) @ 20 C

H2S content of produced gas
Compressibility of STO @ 20 C

ST

835.2 kg/m
n.a ppm
n.a. 1/bar

Tab. 15 Reservoir fluid summary, experimental data, SI-units @ T=Tres

Formation volume factor oil (DLP)

Formation volume factor gas (DLP)
Gas oil ratio (DLP)
Compressibility oil
Compressibility factor gas
Viscosity oil
Viscosity gas
Thermal expansion (Tres)

p0 abs
pb abs
14.7 3364.9 psia
Bod
1.0632
1.742 bbl/bbl
Bg
1.3190 0.00510 ft/scf
Rsd
0
1149 scf/bbl
5
Co*10
1.200 0.1833 1/psi
Z
0.9807 0.8833
o
1.088
0.295 mPas
g
10.23 0.0224 Pas
Ct *10 1.243
1/F

Tab. 16 Reservoir fluid summary, experimental data, SI-units @ T=60 F

Density of STO (DLP) @ 60 F

H2S content of produced gas
Compressiblity of STO @ 60F

PR20060025

ST

38.4 API
n.a. ppm
n.a. 1/psi

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Laboratory for Exploration and Production

Tab. 17 Volumetric calculated data, DLP (SI units)

p abs
bar
232
211
181
151
121
91
61
31
11
1.013

Bod
m/m
1.7419
1.6804
1.6003
1.5275
1.4602
1.3972
1.3368
1.2744
1.2199
1.0632

Rsd
Sm/m
192.98
172.61
146.01
121.92
99.83
79.39
60.18
41.29
26.78
0.00

Bt
m/m
1.7419
1.7950
1.9045
2.0777
2.3669
2.8922
4.0107
7.4865
20.9242
255.6110

Co*104
1/bar
2.658
2.486
2.256
2.041
1.860
1.723
1.628
1.502
1.373
1.200

Z
0.8833
0.8709
0.8600
0.8578
0.8641
0.8787
0.9012
0.9318
0.9579
0.9807

Bg
m/Sm
0.00510
0.00562
0.00648
0.00774
0.00973
0.01316
0.02013
0.04095
0.11856
1.31903

o
mPas
0.295
0.318
0.355
0.398
0.449
0.510
0.585
0.685
0.791
1.088

g
Pas
25.35
23.26
20.61
18.42
16.67
15.28
14.15
13.10
11.94
10.23

Tab. 18 Volumetric calculated data, DLP, (OF units)

p abs
psia
3364.7
3060.7
2624.7
2189.7
1754.7
1319.7
884.7
449.7
159.7
14.7

PR20060025

Bod
bbl/bbl
1.7419
1.6804
1.6003
1.5275
1.4602
1.3972
1.3368
1.2744
1.2199
1.0632

Rsd
scf/bbl
1148.7
1027.4
869.1
725.7
594.2
472.5
358.2
245.8
159.4
0.0

Bt
bbl/bbl
1.742
1.795
1.905
2.078
2.368
2.893
4.012
7.491
20.938
255.786

Co*105
1/psi
1.833
1.714
1.556
1.408
1.283
1.188
1.123
1.036
0.947
0.828

Z
0.8833
0.8709
0.8600
0.8578
0.8641
0.8787
0.9012
0.9318
0.9579
0.9807

Bg
ft/SCF
0.0048
0.00530
0.00611
0.00730
0.00918
0.01241
0.01899
0.03862
0.11182
1.24402

o
mPas
0.295
0.318
0.355
0.398
0.449
0.510
0.585
0.685
0.791
1.088

g
Pas
25.35
23.26
20.61
18.42
16.67
15.28
14.15
13.10
11.94
10.23

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Laboratory for Exploration and Production

Tab. 19 Calculated gas analyses of well stream, volumetric units

p [bar]
C1
C2
C3
PS-1
PS-2
PS-3
PS-4
PS-5
PS-6
PS-7

3046
67.311
12.612
8.038
2.655
1.655
4.790
2.154
0.639
0.128
0.018

2610
68.717
12.921
8.136
2.448
1.518
4.154
1.632
0.405
0.064
0.005

2175
69.634
13.320
8.321
2.258
1.395
3.583
1.211
0.245
0.030
0.001

1740
69.818
13.910
8.696
2.111
1.301
3.114
0.892
0.144
0.013
0.000

1305
68.799
14.873
9.466
2.047
1.260
2.796
0.669
0.084
0.005
0.000

870
65.455
16.578
11.152
2.163
1.331
2.728
0.538
0.052
0.002
0.000

435
55.952
19.806
15.702
2.859
1.766
3.336
0.538
0.039
0.001
0.000

145
35.193
22.575
26.423
5.434
3.380
6.089
0.855
0.050
0.001
0.000

0
3.453
5.972
20.657
20.512
13.459
30.855
4.841
0.246
0.005
0.000

1305
79.729
12.084
5.624
0.975
0.511
0.900
0.162
0.015
0.001
0.000

870
76.980
13.670
6.725
1.045
0.548
0.891
0.132
0.009
0.000
0.000

435
69.311
17.201
9.973
1.455
0.765
1.148
0.139
0.007
0.000
0.000

145
50.376
22.656
19.392
3.197
1.692
2.420
0.256
0.011
0.000
0.000

0
8.424
10.215
25.842
20.566
11.486
20.907
2.468
0.092
0.001
0.000

Tab. 20 Calculated gas analyses of well stream, molar basis

p [bar]
C1
C2
C3
PS-1
PS-2
PS-3
PS-4
PS-5
PS-6
PS-7

PR20050057

3046
80.287
10.547
4.916
1.301
0.690
1.587
0.537
0.117
0.017
0.001

2610
80.798
10.651
4.905
1.183
0.624
1.357
0.401
0.073
0.008
0.000

2175
81.022
10.866
4.964
1.080
0.568
1.158
0.294
0.044
0.004
0.000

1740
80.783
11.284
5.159
1.004
0.526
1.001
0.216
0.026
0.002
0.000

24 von 31

Laboratory for Exploration and Production

Fig. 12 DLP, composition of solution gas.
0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

225

1.E+02
exp C1
exp C2
exp C3
1.E+01

exp C4
exp C5
exp PS-1
exp PS-2

1.E+00

calc C1
calc C2
calc C3
calc C4

1.E-01

calc C5
calc PS-1
calc PS-2

1.E-02

The comparison of the composition of the associated gas (Fig. 12) shows a
good agreement between experiment and calculation. Differences occur with the
components C4, C5 and PS-2. But note, the scale of the concentration is
logarithmic. The accuracy of the experimental gas analyses decreases with
higher carbon numbers.

PR20050055

25 von 31

Laboratory for Exploration and Production

10.1

Parameters of the EOS

The software applied here was PVTP from Petroleum Experts. The PengRobinson EOS with non-zero binary interaction parameters was employed.
Specific parameters are needed for setting up the EOS. They are listed in Tab.
21.
Tab. 21 Parameters of components and pseudo components for EOS

C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
psc1
psc2
psc3
psc4
psc5

mol%
44.90
8.55
6.80
5.14
3.02
9.76
8.53
5.76
4.76
2.80

10.2

Tc
K
190.7
305.4
369.8
486.0
496.1
551.3
631.0
711.8
793.7
892.9

pc
bar
46.41
48.84
42.57
29.54
30.88
30.21
23.91
18.62
14.32
8.28

0.011
0.099
0.153
0.366
0.298
0.294
0.406
0.542
0.713
0.972

Vc
M
m/kmol kg/kmol
0.099
16.04
0.148
30.10
0.203
44.10
0.415
58.40
0.402
72.15
0.430
101.5
0.559
144.2
0.742
206.8
0.979
301.5
1.528
556.6

Tb
K
111.6
184.6
231.1
333.0
333.0
370.4
445.1
526.7
616.3
773.1

Zc

rel

0.2905
0.2854
0.2810
0.3031
0.3006
0.2836
0.2544
0.2336
0.2125
0.1704

0.4150
0.5460
0.5850
0.6209
0.6529
0.7295
0.7792
0.8211
0.8602
0.9177

Variations of GOR

If one assumes that the GOR at the surface is subject to errors, looking at the
effect on the PVT parameters is of interest to see what effect a wrong reading
can have. The zero case is the one that represents the actual experimental
data (Tab. 23). A 10% higher GOR (plus case, Tab. 24) and a 10% lower GOR
(minus case, Tab. 22Tab. 1) was investigated. As a consequence of varying
GOR the saturation pressure is also subject to variation. For each PVT parameter
the variations can be found in Fig. 13-Fig. 18. The EOS software does not
compute the oil compressibility, therefore no variation is tabulated or displayed.
Tab. 22 Lower GOR (minus case)

p
bar
242
232
211
181
151
121
91
61
31
11
1.01325

PR20050055

Bo
m/m
1.8194
1.7878
1.7208
1.6347
1.5569
1.4855
1.4190
1.3554
1.2898
1.2323
1.0638

Rs
Sm/m
214.08
203.62
181.72
153.45
127.99
104.78
83.40
63.39
43.75
28.60
0.00

o
mPas
0.272
0.281
0.304
0.341
0.383
0.433
0.493
0.566
0.664
0.768
1.074

Bg
m/Sm
0.00517
0.00561
0.00645
0.00772
0.00970
0.01312
0.02009
0.04090
0.11854
1.31851

Zg

g
Pa.s

Bt

1.819
0.8808 25.67
1.842
0.8681 23.47
1.902
0.8571 20.74
2.026
0.8549 18.50
2.221
0.8615 16.71
2.546
0.8764 15.29
3.134
0.8993 14.15
4.383
0.9303 13.08
8.256
0.9568 11.89 23.218
0.9803 103.88 283.325

Co
1/bar
3.020
2.924
2.735
2.482
2.245
2.046
1.895
1.791
1.652
1.510
1.320

26 von 31

Laboratory for Exploration and Production

Tab. 23 Actual GOR (minus case) same as Tab.17

pabs
bar
232
211
181
151
121
91
61
31
11
1.013

Bo
m/m
1.7419
1.6804
1.6003
1.5275
1.4602
1.3972
1.3368
1.2744
1.2199
1.0632

Rs
Sm/m
192.98
172.61
146.01
121.92
99.83
79.39
60.18
41.29
26.78
0.00

o
mPas
0.295
0.318
0.355
0.398
0.449
0.510
0.585
0.685
0.791
1.088

Bg
m/Sm
0.00510
0.00562
0.00648
0.00774
0.00973
0.01316
0.02013
0.04095
0.11856
1.31903

Zg

o
mPas
0.272
0.281
0.304
0.341
0.383
0.433
0.493
0.566
0.664
0.768
1.074

Bg
m/Sm

Zg

g
Pa.s

0.00517
0.00561
0.00645
0.00772
0.00970
0.01312
0.02009
0.04090
0.11854
1.31851

0.8808
0.8681
0.8571
0.8549
0.8615
0.8764
0.8993
0.9303
0.9568
0.9803

25.67
23.47
20.74
18.50
16.71
15.29
14.15
13.08
11.89
10.39

0.8833
0.8709
0.8600
0.8578
0.8641
0.8787
0.9012
0.9318
0.9579
0.9807

g
Pa.s
25.35
23.26
20.61
18.42
16.67
15.28
14.15
13.10
11.94
10.23

Bt
1.742
1.795
1.904
2.078
2.367
2.892
4.011
7.487
20.924
255.611

Co
1/bar
2.658
2.486
2.256
2.041
1.86
1.723
1.628
1.502
1.373
1.2

Tab. 24 Higher GOR (plus case)

p
bar
242
232
211
181
151
121
91
61
31
11
1.013

PR20050055

Bo
m/m
1.8194
1.7878
1.7208
1.6347
1.5569
1.4855
1.4190
1.3554
1.2898
1.2323
1.0638

Rs
Sm/m
214.08
203.62
181.72
153.45
127.99
104.78
83.40
63.39
43.75
28.60
0.00

Bt
1.819
1.842
1.902
2.026
2.221
2.546
3.134
4.383
8.256
23.218
283.325

Co
1/bar
3.020
2.924
2.735
2.482
2.245
2.046
1.895
1.791
1.652
1.510
1.320

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Laboratory for Exploration and Production

Fig. 13 Variation of FVF oil with GOR
1.9

formation volume factor oil [bbl/stb]

1.8
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.4
zero case
1.3

minus case
plus case

1.2
1.1
1.0
0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

225

250

absolute pressure [bar]

Fig. 14 Variation of solution gas ratio with GOR

250

solution gas ratio [scf/stb]

200

150

100
zero case
minus case
plus case

50

0
0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

225

250

absolute pressure [bar]

PR20050055

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Laboratory for Exploration and Production

Fig. 15 Variation of oil viscosity with GOR
1.2

viscosity oil [mPas]

1.0

0.8

zero case
minus case
plus case

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0
0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

175

200

225

250

absolute pressure [bar]

Fig. 16 Variation of FVF gas with GOR

absolute pressure [bar]
0

25

50

75

100

125

150

225

250

formation volume factor gas [bbl/stb]

1.E+01

1.E+00

zero case
1.E-01

minus case
plus case

1.E-02

1.E-03

PR20050055

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Laboratory for Exploration and Production

Fig. 17 Variation of compressibility factor for gas with GOR
1.00

compressibility factor gas [cft/scf]

0.98
0.96
zero case
0.94

minus case
plus case

0.92
0.90
0.88
0.86
0.84
0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

225

250

225

250

absolute pressure [bar]

Fig. 18 Variation of gas viscosity with GOR

31.0

gas viscosity [Pas]

26.0

21.0

16.0
zero case
11.0

minus case
plus case

6.0

1.0
0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

absolute pressure [bar]

PR20050055

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Laboratory for Exploration and Production

11

Summary

The task of normalizing the existing PVT data could be achieved. All points of
the scope of work were covered. The data of all 4 PVT reports lead to the
conclusion that
o The reservoir fluids of the samples taken have the same composition.
o An analysis led to the identification of some outliers.
o A description of the phase behaviour with an EOS through 10 component
groups is possible and will provide the basis for a fast compositional
simulation.
o Variations in the surface GOR were calculated successfully.

PR20050055

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