SQUARE ROOTS AND CUBE ROOTS

IMPORTANT FACTS AND FORMULAE

Square Root: If x
2
= y, we say that the square root of y is x and we write, ?y = x.
Thus, ?4 = 2, ?9 = 3, ?196 = 14.
Cube Root: The cube root of a i!en nu"ber x is the nu"ber whose cube is x. #e denote
the cube root of x by
3
?x.
Thus,
3
?$ =
3
?2 x 2 x 2 = 2,
3
?343 =
3
?% x % x % = % etc.
Note:
1.?xy = ?x & ?y 2. ?'x(y) = ?x ( ?y = '?x ( ?y) & '?y ( ?y) = ?xy ( y
SOLVED EXAMPLES
Ex. 1. Evaluate ?6084 by factorization method .
Sol. Meto!: *x+ress the i!en nu"ber as the +roduct of +ri"e factors. 2 6,$4
-ow, ta.e the +roduct of these +ri"e factors choosin one out of 2
3,42
e!ery +air of the sa"e +ri"es. This +roduct i!es the square root 3
1/21
of the i!en nu"ber. 3
/,%
Thus, reso0!in 6,$4 into +ri"e factors, we et1 13 169
6,$4 = 2
2
x 3
2
x 13
2
13
?6084 = '2 x 3 x 13) = %$.

Ex. 2. Find the suare root of 14!1"6#.
Sol. E"#la$at%o$: In the i!en nu"ber, "ar. off the diits 1 14%1369 '1213
in +airs startin fro" the unit2s diit. *ach +air and 1
the re"ainin one diit is ca00ed a +eriod. 22 4%
-ow, 1
2
= 1. 3n subtractin, we et , as re"ainder. 44
-ow, brin down the next +eriod i.e., 4%. 241 313
-ow, tria0 di!isor is 1 x 2 = 2 and tria0 di!idend is 4%. 241
4o, we ta.e 22 as di!isor and +ut 2 as quotient. 2423 %269
The re"ainder is 3. %269
-ext, we brin down the next +eriod which is 13. x
-ow, tria0 di!isor is 12 x 2 = 24 and tria0 di!idend is
313. 4o, we ta.e 241 as di!idend and 1 as quotient.
The re"ainder is %2.
5rin down the next +eriod i.e., 69.
-ow, the tria0 di!isor is 121 x 2 = 242 and the tria0
di!idend is %269. 4o, we ta.e 3as quotient and 2423
as di!isor. The re"ainder is then 6ero.
7ence, ?1471369 = 1213.
Ex. ". Evaluate$ ?248 % ?&1 % ? 16# .
Sol. 8i!en ex+ression = ?248 9 ?51 9 13 = ?248 9 ?64 = ? 248 9 $ = ?2/6 = 16.
Ex. 4. 'f a ( b ( c ) ?*a % 2+*b % "+ , *c % 1+- find the value of 6 ( 1& ( ".
Sol. 6 & 1/ & 3 = ?'6 9 2)'1/ 9 3) ( '3 9 1) = ?$ & 1$ ( 4 = ?144 ( 4 = 12 ( 4 = 3.
E". &. Find the value of ?2&,16.
Sol. ? 2/ ( 16 = ? 2/ ( ? 16 = / ( 4
E". '. .hat is the suare root of 0.000#?
Sol. ?,.,,,9= ? 9 ( 1,,, = 3 ( 1,, = ,.,3.
E". (. Evaluate ?1!&.2#!6.
Sol. :ethod1 #e "a.e e!en nu"ber of deci"a0 +0aces 1 1%/.29%6 '13.24
by affixin a 6ero, if necessary. -ow, we "ar. off 1
+eriods and extract the square root as shown. 23 %/
69
?1%/.29%6 = 13.24 262 629
/24
2644 1,/%6
1,/%6
x
E". ). .hat /ill come %$ 0lace of uestion mar1 %$ each of the follo/in2 que*t%o$*+
*i+ ?"2.4 , ? , - *ii+ ?86.4# . + & . / + 0
-
, 1-.2.
Sol. 'i) ;et ?32.4 / x = 2. Then, 32.4(x = 4 <== 4x = 32.4 <== x = $.1.

'ii) ;et ?86.49 9 ?/ 9 x
2
= 12.3.
Then, 9.3 + ?5+x
2
= 12.3 <== ?5+x
2
= 12.3 > 9.3 = 3
<== 5 + x
2
= 9 <== x
2
= 9 > /= 4 <== x = ?4 = 2.
Ex.#. Find the value of ? 0.28# , 0.00121.
Sol. ?,.2$9 ( ,.,,121 = ?,.2$9,,(,.,,121 = ?2$9,,(121 = 1%, ( 11.
Ex.10. 'f ?1 % *x , 144+ ) 1" , 12- the find the value of x.
Sol. +1 9 'x ( 144) = 13 ( 12 ' 1 9 'x ( 144)) = '13 ( 12 )
2
= 169 ( 144
x ( 144 = '169 ( 144) > 1
x ( 144 = 2/(144 x = 2/.
Ex. 11. Find the value of ?" u0 to three 0laces of decimal.
Sol.
1 3.,,,,,, '1.%32
1
2% 2,,
1$9
343 11,,
1,29
3462 %1,,
6924 ?3 = 1.%32.
E". 1-. 'f ?" , 1.(2-3 find the value of ?14- 5 1 +6) 3 ?!& correct to 2 0laces
2
of decimal. /S.S.C. -7760
Sol. ?192 > '1 ( 2)?4$ - ?75 = ?64 * 3 - (1/2) ? 16 * 3 - ? 25 * 3
=8?3 - (1/2) * 4?3 - 5?3
=3?3 - 2?3 = ?3 = 1.732
E". 12. E8aluate: +/4.& 9 7.77)& 9 1).40 : /7.771( 9 1.4 9 7.7-10
Sol. 8i!en ex+. = ?'9./ & ,.,,$/ & 1$.9) ( ',.,,1% & 1.9 & ,.,21)
-ow, since the su" of deci"a0 +0aces in the nu"erator and deno"inator under the
radica0 sin is the sa"e, we re"o!e the deci"a0.
8i!en ex+ = ?'9/ & $/ & 1$9,,) ( '1% & 19 & 21) = ? / & / & 9,, = / & 3, = 1/,.
E". 16. 4im0lify: + 5* 12.1 +
2
3 *8.10
-
; : </7.-&0
-
. /7.-&0/14.4&0;
Sol. 8i!en ex+. = ? ?'12.1 9 $.1)'12.1 > $.1)@ ( ?',.2/)',.2/ 9 19.9/)@
=? '2,.2 & 4) (' ,.2/ & 2,.2) = ? 4 ( ,.2/ = ?4,, ( 2/ = ?16 = 4.
E". 1&. 'f x , 1 . +- and = , 1 5 +-- find the value of *x
2
. =
-
0.
Sol. x
2
9 y
2
= '1 9 ?2)
2
9 '1 > ?2)
2
= 2?'1)
2
9 '?2)
2
@ = 2 & 3 = 6.
E". 1'. Evaluate$ ?0.# u0 to " 0laces of decimal.
Sol.
9 ,.9,,,,,',.94$
$1
1$4 9,,
%36
1$$$ 164,,
1/1,4 ?,.9 = ,.94$

Ex.1!. 'f ?1& ) ".88- find the value of ? *&,"+.
Sol. ? '/(3) = ?'/ & 3) ( '3 & 3) = ?1/ ( 3 = 3.$$ ( 3 = 1.2933A. = 1.293.
Ex. 18. Find the least suare number /hich is exactly divisible by 10-12-1& and 18.
Sol. ;.B.:. of 1,, 12, 1/, 1$ = 1$,. -ow, 1$, = 2 & 2 & 3 & 3 &/ = 2
2
& 3
2
& /.
To "a.e it a +erfect square, it "ust be "u0ti+0ied by /.
Cequired nu"ber = '2
2
& 3
2
& /
2
) = 9,,.
Ex. 1#. Find the 2reatest number of five di2its /hich is a 0erfect suare.
'C.C.5. 199$)
Sol. 8reatest nu"ber of / diits is 99999.
3 99999'316
9
61 99
61
626 3$99
3%/6
143
Cequired nu"ber == '99999 > 143) = 99$/6.
Ex. 20. Find the smallest number that must be added to 1!80 to ma1e it a 0erfect
suare.
Sol.
4 1%$, '42
16
$2 1$,
164
16
-u"ber to be added = '43)
2
> 1%$, = 1$49 > 1%$, = 69.
Ex. 21. ?2 ) 1.4142- find the value of ?2 , *2 % ?2+.
Sol. ?2 ( '2 9 ?2) = ?2 ( '2 9 ?2) & '2 > ?2) ( '2 > ?2) = '2?2 D 2) ( '4 D 2)
= 2'?2 D 1) ( 2 = ?2 D 1 = ,.4142.
22. 'f x ) *?& % ?"+ , *?& 3 ?"+ and y ) *?& 3 ?"+ , *?& % ?"+- find the value of *x
2
% y
2
+.
Sol.
x = ?'?/ 9 ?3) ( '?/ > ?3)@ & ?'?/ 9 ?3) ( '?/ 9 ?3)@ = '?/ 9 ?3)
2
( '/ > 3)
='/ 9 3 9 2?1/) ( 2 = 4 9 ?1/.
y = ?'?/ > ?3) ( '?/ 9 ?3)@ & ?'?/ > ?3) ( '?/ > ?3)@ = '?/ > ?3)
2
( '/ > 3)
='/ 9 3 > 2?1/) ( 2 = 4 > ?1/.
x
2
9 y
2
= '4 9 ?1/)
2
9 '4 > ?1/)
2
= 2?'4)
2
9 '?1/)
2
@ = 2 & 31 = 62.
Ex. 2". Find the cube root of 2!44.
Sol. Meto!: Ceso0!e the i!en nu"ber as the +roduct 2 2%44
of +ri"e factors and ta.e the +roduct of +ri"e 2 13%2
factors, choosin one out of three of the sa"e 2 6$6
+ri"e factors. Ceso0!in 2%44 as the +roduct of % 343
+ri"e factors, we et1 % 49
%
2%44 = 2
3
x %
3
.

3
?2%44= 2 x % = 14.
Ex. 24. 6y /hat least number 4"20 be multi0lied to obtain a number /hich is a 0erfect
cube?
Sol. B0ear0y, 432, = 2
3
& 3
3
& 2
2
& /.
To "a.e it a +erfect cube, it "ust be "u0ti+0ied by 2 & /
2
i.e,/,.