VLC Media Player DN BFS 00020 1 February 2010

NEC AUSTRALIA Pty. Ltd.
A.B.N. 86 001 217 527

System Solutios !i"isio
Title
VLC MEDIA PLAYER ON BROADBAND FOR SENIORS
KIOSKS
!o#umet No.$ DN-BFS-00020 Issue$ 1
APPR%&E! !%CU'ENT
ISSUE HISTORY
Issue Date Desc!"t!#$ DCN
1 0()05)10 *i+st Rele,se N)A
%+i-i,l Aut.o+ %+i-i,tio !,te
/. !odd 5)01)10
T.is Issue P+e0,+ed By !,te
/. !odd 11)02)10
Co0y+i-.t NEC Aust+,li,. Pty Ltd.
All +i-.ts +ese+"ed. No 0,+t o2 t.is 0u3li#,tio m,y 3e +e0+odu#ed4 sto+ed i , +et+ie",l system o+ t+,smitted4 i ,y 2o+m o+ 3y ,y me,s4 i#ludi-
ele#t+oi#4 me#.,i#,l4 0.oto-+,0.i# o+ m,-eti# 5it.out t.e 0+io+ 5+itte 0e+missio o2 NEC Aust+,li, Pty. Ltd.
6,+d#o0ies o2 t.is do#umet ,+e u#ot+olled uless ot.e+5ise idi#,ted i 5+iti- 3y t.e !o#umet,tio ',,-e+.
NEC Aust+,li, Pty. Ltd. &LC 'E!IA PLA7ER %N BR%A!BAN! *%R SENI%RS 8I%S8S
VLC
MEDIA
PLAYER
V1%0%&
O$ B#a'(a$' )# Se$!#s K!#s*s
!o#umet No.$ !N9B*S900020
Issue$ 1 !,te$ ()05)10 P,-e 2 o2 28
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Comme+#i,l9I9Co2ide#e
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pa+e
1. INTR%!UCTI%N.................................................................................................................... :
2. SPECIAL N%TES.................................................................................................................... :
(. PRE9RE;UISITE 8N%<LE!/E.............................................................................................:
:. %PERATI%N............................................................................................................................ :
:.1 St,+t U0.............................................................................................................................. :
:.1.1 Autom,ti#.................................................................................................................... 5
:.1.2 By S#+ee IC%N ........................................................................................................ 5
:.1.( By usi- t.e <ido5s START 3utto .........................................................................5
:.1.: Sele#tio "i, t.e =AutoPl,y> 'eu...............................................................................6
:.2 &LC ',i Ite+2,#e............................................................................................................ 6
:.( S.utti- !o5 &LC............................................................................................................ 6
:.: ',i Ite+2,#e Cot+ols...................................................................................................... 6
:.5 &LC 'eu %0tios............................................................................................................. 7
:.6 %0ei- , Audio o+ , &ideo *ile.....................................................................................10
:.6.1 Usi- %0e *ile o+ Ad",#ed %0e *ile...................................................................10
:.6.2 %0ei- , *olde+....................................................................................................... 10
:.6.( %0ei- , !is#.......................................................................................................... 11
:.7 Co"e+ti- ,d S,"i- , 'edi, *ile *o+m,t....................................................................12
:.8 Pl,yi- , Audio T+,#?.................................................................................................... 1(
:.8.1 Pl,yi- S0e#i2i# Audio T+,#?s...................................................................................1(
:.8.2 Pl,ylists..................................................................................................................... 1(
:.8.( Audio !e"i#e............................................................................................................. 1(
:.8.: Audio C.,els......................................................................................................... 1:
:.8.5 &isu,lise Audio.......................................................................................................... 1:
:.8.6 Audio E22e#ts ,d *ilte+s............................................................................................ 15
A00edi@ 1 *ile *o+m,ts.................................................................................................... 18
A00edi@ 2 <.,t is , Code#A............................................................................................ 22
A00edi@ ( &LC Code# Listi-........................................................................................... 2:
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1% INTRODUCTION
This document is intended to provide Broadband for Seniors (BFS) Kiosk Users with guidelines
and information on V! "edia #la$er%
V! "edia #la$er is a multimedia pla$er for various audio and video formats such as "#&'()*
"#&'(+* "#&'(,* -iv.* mp/* ogg and man$ other formats% 0t also pla$s -V-s* V!-s* !-s
and where allowed* content from various streaming networks%
V! development started as a student pro1ect at the French 2cole !entrale* #aris* but is now a
worldwide pro1ect with developers from more than +3 countries%
V! media pla$er was initiall$ known as Video45 !lient* however* in recent $ears* it has
been renamed to simpl$ V!%
2% SPECIAL NOTES
The screenshots used in this guide are taken from the "S 6indows Vista 7ome Basic version%
8n home computer s$stems and other operating s$stems the$ might appear slightl$ differentl$%
V! offers man$ 4udio and Video features* however* this guide will onl$ cover the basic 9pla$:
features%
Information provided in the Appendices is for information and reference only and is
intended for advanced users only.
VLC is provided as-is. No additional codecs will be installed by NC and no other
support is provided.
,% PRE-RE-UISITE KNO.LED/E
8ios? use+s s.ould 3e 2,mili,+ 5it. -ee+,l #om0ute+ o0e+,tio Bi.e. 8ey3o,+d ,d 'ouseC ,d
3e ,3le to D,"i-,teE meuEs ,d su39meuEs.
0% OPERATION
0%1 Stat U"
&LC st,+t9u0 #ould 3e iiti,ted , um3e+ o2 5,ys4 de0edi- o 5.i#. "e+sio o2 %0e+,ti-
System is o t.e 8ios? #om0ute+ 3ei- used$
Autom,ti#,lly Bde0edi- o t.e medi,)2o+m,t AN! t.e #om0ute+ o0e+,ti- system4
&ist, 6ome B,si# o+ P+emiumC
',u,lly "i, s#+ee I#o
',u,lly "i, t.e &ist, START Bt.e &ist, %RBC meus
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',u,lly "i, t.e Auto Pl,y 5ido5
0%1%1 Aut#1at!c
V! start(up ma$ happen automaticall$ when recogni;able media (a -V- or V!- Video or an 4udio
disc) is inserted% This is dependent on the version of the Vista 8perating S$stem and 6indows "edia
#la$er that is installed on $our computer% 6indows ma$ take control and not permit V! to start up
automaticall$% 0t is understood that a future release of V! ()%)) ma$ correct this%
#la$back ma$ take some time to start as the !-<-V- drive has to spin(up and read the media%
0%1%2 B2 Scee$ ICON
Users ma$ start V! b$ clicking on the screen icon%
This will bring up the VV media pla$er main interface (see #ara ,%+)%
0%1%, B2 us!$+ t3e .!$'#4s START
(utt#$
The ST4=T button is found on the left(hand side
of the lower task bar%
8n the drop(down menu* select>
?#rograms@* then
9Video45:* then
9V! media pla$er:
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0%1%0 Se5ect!#$ 6!a t3e 7Aut#P5a28 Me$u
<.e +e#o-is,3le medi, is ise+ted4 t.e AutoPl,y
5ido5 m,y o0e4 ,llo5i- you to #.oose 5.i#. 0l,ye+ to
use Bi2 ot.e+ 0l,ye+s ,+e ist,lledC.
Ple,se +e2e+ to P,+, :.1. ,3o"e.
E"e i2 you sele#t &LC4 it 'A7 ot o0e &LC 2+om t.is
meu. I2 ot o0e &LC 3y t.e met.ods listed i :.1.2 ,d
:.1.(.
0%2 VLC Ma!$ I$te)ace
% st,+t9u04 t.e &LC m,i
ite+2,#e 5ill 3e see.
T.is loo?s ,s s.o5 o t.e
+i-.t.
T.is is t.e de2,ult ite+2,#e o
<ido5s &ist,.
0%, S3utt!$+ D#4$ VLC
To s.ut do5 &LC4 sim0ly #li#? o t.e =F> ,t t.e to0 +i-.t9.,d #o+e+ o2 t.e &LC ',i Ite+2,#e

0%0 Ma!$ I$te)ace C#$t#5s
The buttons below the slider help in controlling the
pla$%
Button function is as per the following table>
!utton "escription
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Toggles between pla$ and pause
"oves to the previous track
Stops the pla$
"oves to the neAt track
-ispla$s the application in a full(screen mode
-ispla$s the pla$ list
-ispla$s a menu of options to have audio and video effects* and s$nchronising the
audio and video media%
Toggles between mute and voice% !lick on it to mute or un(mute%
Volume slider% -ispla$s the volume level% Bou can ad1ust the volume b$ placing
the cursor on this icon and moving it left or right% The number indicates the
percentage of amplification% "aAimum is +33C%
58T&> 6hen Video or 4udio is pla$ing* the following additional buttons will appear
'o to the #revious !hapter<Title%
'o to the -isc "enu%
'o to the 5eAt !hapter<Title%
0%9 VLC Me$u O"t!#$s
T.e 2ollo5i- t,3les +el,te to t.e 'ENU BAR o t.e to0 o2 t.e &LC ite+2,#e 5ido5.
'eu B,+
',y o2 t.e o0tios t.,t &LC o22e+s 5ill ot 3e used B,d , um3e+ 5ill ot 3e su00o+ted o t.e
8ios?sC4 .o5e"e+4 ,ll ,+e listed 3elo5 2o+ #om0leteess. T.e most #ommo B,d t.e oes t.,t
most o2 you 5ill use ,t some timeC ,+e .i-.li-.ted i /REEN.
#enu $ption "escription
#edia
$pen %ile Select this option to open a media file and pla$ it%
Advanced $pen %ile Select this option to open files through a folder* disc* network or a capture device%
0n addition to opening a file from a hard disk* $ou can open files from a disc* from an$
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computer on the network or directl$ from a capturing device%
Bou can also open a subtitles file associated with the selected media file%
$pen %older Select this option to open a folder with multiple media files and pla$ them in order%
$pen "isc
Use this option to pla$ files from a disc* in different video formats% Based on the t$pe of disc
$ou select* $ou ma$ have a few more pla$ing options%

$pen Networ&
'tream
Select this option to receive media files from 0nternet and pla$ them%
Use this option to open a file present on an$ s$stem on the network to which $ou are currentl$
connected% Bou can also set a few pla$ing options%
$pen Capture "evice
Select this option to receive media files from capture devices such as camcorder* webcam and
so on%
$pen Location from
Clipboard
This is where $ou can enter the web address (U=) or the director$ #4T7 to the media $ou
wish to pla$%
(ecent #edia
This shows all the recent media $ou have pla$ed and allows $ou to select it again (if still
available)%
'ervices "iscovery D not available E
'ave )laylist to %ile 7ere $ou can save an$ pla$list $ou ma$ have created to a special pla$list file for later access%
Convert*'ave Select this option to convert media files to different media file formats%
'treamin+ Select this option to send media files through network and pla$ them live%
,uit Select this option to Fuit the application%
)laybac& !oo&mar&s Select this option to bookmark the media file%
-itle -V- Video> Select this option to access a particular movie title in a -V-%
Chapter -V- Video> Select this option to access a particular movie chapter in a -V-%
Navi+ation -V- Video> 'ives access to all -V- menu@s
)ro+ram -V- Video D not enabled E
'top Stops pla$
)revious
Ne.t
%aster
%aster /fine0 &ach access increases the pla$back speed
Normal 'peed Sets Speed back to normal when $ou have used 9Faster: or 9Slower:
'lower /fine0 &ach access decreases the pla$back speed
'lower
1ump %orward
1ump !ac&ward
Navi+ation Select this option to navigate to different titles and their corresponding chapters%
1ump to 'pecific
-ime
Select this option to move the track slider to a specific frame of the video or audio file% The
media file starts pla$ing from that instance
)revious title Donl$ present when a Video is being pla$edE
Ne.t title Donl$ present when a video is being pla$edE
)revious chapter Donl$ present when a video is being pla$edE
Ne.t Chapter Donl$ present when a video is being pla$edE
Audio
Audio -rac&
Select this option to disable or enable an audio track% 6hen a -V- is pla$ed* shows the
languages available and allows $ou to select%
Audio Channels Select this option to select a audio channel (-olb$* eft* =ight* =everse Stereo)
Audio "evice Select this option to Stereo* "ono%
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Visuali2ation
4udio !- onl$% Select this option to displa$ splashes of colour and geometric shapes while
listening to an audio file% Spectrometer* Scope* Spectrum* VU "eters* etc%
Increase Volume Volume up
"ecrease Volume Volume -own
#ute "ute the audio
Video
Video -rac& Select this option to disable or enable a video track%
'ubtitles Select this option to load a specific subtitle track (if an$ are available)%
%ull 'creen Select this option to view the media file in the entire screen%
Always on -op
Select this option to displa$ the application alwa$s on top when other applications or files are
open%
"irect 3 wall paper D 5ot &nabled E "akes the video which is being displa$ed become the wall paper%
'napshot
Select this option to capture snapshots of video being displa$ed% The snapshot will be
automaticall$ stored in director$> -4T4(->)<-ownloads<#ictures<
4oom Select this option to ;oom in or ;oom out of a video track%
'cale D TB4 E
Aspect (atio Select this option to ad1ust the width to height ratio of the video% 5ormall$ left at 9-efault:%
Crop Select this option to crop the edges of a video track%
"e-interlace Select this option to convert interlaced video signals into non(interlaced form%
)ost )rocessin+ D 5ot &nabled E
-ools
ffects and %ilters 8pens a window allowing the ad1ustment of audio and video effects%

-rac&
'ynchroni2ation
4llows users to s$nchroni;e audio tracks or subtitles to the video being pla$ed
#edia Information Select this option to view all information regarding the media file being pla$ed%
Codec Information Select this option to view codec information of the media file being pla$ed%
!oo&mar&s Select this option to bookmark the media file%
VL# Confi+uration D 5ot to be used E
#essa+es D 5ot to be used EE

)lu+-ins and
.tensions
D 5ot to be used E
)references
Should not be used% Select this option to give preferred settings to audio* video* subtitles*
codecs and hotke$s% 0f used and the results are not as eApected* ma$ be reset (use 9=eset
#references: button)%
View
)laylist Select this option to view and pla$ the media files listed in the pla$list%
#inimal view Select this option to have a minimal view of the application%
%ullscreen Interface Select this option to have a full screen view of the application%
Advanced controls Select this option to access snapshot and loop controls%
,uit after )laybac&
Cutomi2e Interface Should not be used% 'ives access to the Toolbars &ditor%
Add Interface D 5ot to be used E
5elp
5elp 8pens the V! help
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Chec& for 6pdates N$- -$ ! 6'"
About
0%: O"e$!$+ a$ Au'!# # a V!'e# F!5e
0%:%1 Us!$+ O"e$ F!5e # A'6a$ce' O"e$ F!5e
4 file can be opened in two wa$s% From the #edia
menu select the>
$pen %ile option* or
the Advanced $pen %ile option%
6hen logged(in under the BFS User 4ccount*
9(estrictions: windows ma$ open% Gust ignore
these% !lick 98K: (or on the 9.:) to close the
windows%
Select the Computer tab on the left(hand side of the
8pen dialog boA%
Browse and select a file (or enter a file name in the
%ile names boA)%
!lick $pen% V! starts pla$ing the selected file
with the default options%
&Aperienced users could also set a number of parameters b$ going to the -ools menu and
selecting>
ffects and %ilters
-rac& synchroni2ation (if the 4udio or Subtitles do not track with the video being
pla$ed)
0%:%2 O"e$!$+ a F#5'e
Bou can select a folder to pla$ all media files one after the other in that folder%
)% Select the $pen %older option% The Browse for Folders dialog boA is displa$ed%
+% Browse and select the folder%
/% !lick on $7%
4ll the files present in the selected folder are pla$ed in the alphabetical order* one after another*
without an$ action from $ou%
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0%:%, O"e$!$+ a D!sc
Bou can open media files from a disc% 0n V!* $ou can pla$ 4udio !-s* SV!-<V!-s* and
-V-s% Bou can open a file from a disc in two wa$s%
)% Select the $pen "isc option from the #edia menu%
Or
Select the Advanced $pen %ile option from the #edia menu%
The 8pen dialog boA is displa$ed%
+% Select the "isc tab%
/% !heck the t$pe of disc connected to the s$stem% The options are "V"* Audio C" and
'VC"*VC"%
,% 0n the "isc "evice boA* b$ default* the path for the disc is displa$ed% Bou ma$ select a
different path using the !rowse button%
0f $ou wish to check if the drive is empt$ or if the correct disc is in the drive* !lick on the
&1ect button% The disk drive opens automaticall$%
H% Based on the selected disc t$pe* specif$ the following options>
o "V"
Some original -V-s ma$ have compleA* proprietar$ menu options and
V! ma$ not handle all the options well% 0f $ou check the No "V"
menus option* V! reads the raw video files directl$ into the film
regardless of the options present while creating the original -V-% !heck
this option if $ou want to listen to or view the basic version without using
the menus present in the -V-%
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6hen a -V- is pla$ed* the entire disc need not be pla$ed% To specif$ the
part to be pla$ed* specif$ the -itle and Chapter number in the 'tartin+
)osition boA%
Under the 4udio and Subtitles group* select the 'ubtitles trac& and
Audio trac&%
o Audio C"
0n the -rac& boA of the 'tartin+ )osition group* select the track number at which
the pla$ should start%
o 'VC"*VC"
0n the 'tartin+ )osition group* $ou ma$ specif$ the ntry number at which the
pla$ should start% Under the Audio and 'ubtitles group* select the 'ubtitles
trac& and Audio trac&%
I% !heck 'how more options to see more pla$ options%
0%; C#$6et!$+ a$' Sa6!$+ a Me'!a F!5e F#1at
4lthough V! media pla$er is able to perform multimedia conversion (i%e% it can convert
different media formats to the format of $our preference)* this feature is untested b$ 5&! and is
not supported for use on the Kiosks%
6sers who try this feature should do so &nowin+ that NC cannot assist and cannot
+uarantee the results.
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0%< P5a2!$+ a$ Au'!# Tac*
0%<%1 P5a2!$+ S"ec!)!c Au'!# Tac*s
Bou can pla$* enable and disable an audio track% To pla$ a track
)% Select $pen %ile from the #edia menu%
+% Select an audio file and click on the )lay button% The selected track is pla$ed%
/% To disable a track* select the "isable option in the Audio -rac& from the Audio menu%
The selected track stops%
,% To pla$ the same track again* select the -rac& 8 option in the Audio -rac& from the
Audio menu% The selected track is pla$ed%
0%<%2 P5a25!sts
To dis0l,y you+ ,udio 0l,ylist4 #li#? o t.e 0l,ylist 3utto o t.e m,i &LC Ite+2,#e Bo+
2+om t.e &ie5 meu4 sele#t Pl,ylistC.
T.is o0es t.e 0l,ylist 5ido5. 6e+e you #, sele#t t+,#?s BGust dou3le9#li#? o ,y t+,#? to
st,+t t.,t t+,#? 0l,yi-C ,d ,dd t+,#?s.
7ou #, ,lso$
Add to t.e Pl,ylist
Sele#t R,dom Pl,y
Sele#t =Loo0> B?ee0s 0l,yi- ,ll 2iles util sto00edC
0%<%, Au'!# De6!ce
This option helps $ou to listen to audio files in two modes> stereo and mono%
)% To listen to an audio track in either the Stereo or "ono mode* select $pen %ile or $pen
"isc from the #edia menu% The 8pen dialog boA is displa$ed%
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+% Select an audio file and click on the )lay button% The selected track is pla$ed%
/% Select #ono in Audio "evice from the Audio menu if $ou want to listen to the audio
track in the "ono mode% "ono refers to monoaural sound that uses a single channel for
sound reproduction%
,% Select 'tereo in Audio "evice from the Audio menu if $ou want to listen to the audio
track in the Stereo mode% Stereo refers to sound that uses two channels for sound
reproduction%
0%<%0 Au'!# C3a$$e5s
0n audio* a channel refers to a stream of audio that is to be pla$ed b$ one speaker% For eAample*
stereo audio* consists of two channels% This option is useful for codecs that don@t have support
for more than + channels%
Select a channel t$pe in Audio Channels from the Audio menu% V! media pla$er provides
four audio channel options% The$ are>
)% 'tereo J =efers to the reproduction of the sound in two channels using more than one
speaker% 0f $ou use this option* $ou would feel as though the sound is pla$ed from all the
directions% Bou can observe this in a regular home theatre with H%) or I%) speakers%
+% Left J Bou can observe this in a regular audio pla$er with +%) speakers% 0f $ou select the
eft option* the music is pla$ed onl$ in the left speaker% The speaker on $our right is
automaticall$ switched 8FF%
/% (i+ht ( 0f $ou select the (i+ht option* the music is pla$ed onl$ in the speaker on $our
right side% The speaker on $our left is automaticall$ switched 8FF%
:. (everse 'tereo J V! has an in(built feature to reverse the stereo% 0magine that $ou are
watching a video% 0n the video* a person walks on the left side but the sound is produced
on the right speaker% Bou can correct this b$ selecting the (everse 'tereo option in V!%
Select the (everse 'tereo option and pla$ the same scene in the video and observe the
difference% 7ou #, o3se+"e t.is 5it. 2.14 5.1 ,d 6.1 s0e,?e+ systems.
0%<%9 V!sua5!se Au'!#
Visuali;ations displa$ splashes of colour and geometric shapes when audio is pla$ed%
The different visual effects available are Spectrometer* Scope* VU "eter* Spectrum and 'oom%
1. Sele#t , o0tio ude+ t.e V!sua5!=at!#$s o0tio 2+om t.e Au'!# meu to "ie5 t.e
e22e#ts. T.e sele#ted "isu,liH,tio is 0l,yed.
2. To dis,3le "isu,liH,tios4 sele#t D!sa(5e ude+ V!sua5!=at!#$s 2+om t.e Au'!# meu.
T.e "isu,liH,tio is dis,3led.
Issue$ 1 !,te$ ()05)10 P,-e 1: o2 28
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VU Meter Visualization
0%<%: Au'!# E))ects a$' F!5tes
I2 you 5is. to ,dd , little mo+e =de0t.> to t.e ,udio t.,t you ,+e 0l,yi-4 you m,y 5is. to
e@0e+imet 5it. t.e E))ects a$' F!5tes module.
T.is m,y 3e ,##essed 2+om t.e T##5s meu o+ 3y #li#?i- o t.e E&te$'e' Sett!$+s 3utto
o t.e &LC m,i ite+2,#e.
T.e /+,0.i# EIu,liHe+ ,llo5s you to m,u,lly ,dGust o+ to use D0+e9setsE.
Issue$ 1 !,te$ ()05)10 P,-e 15 o2 28
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T.e S0,#i,liHe+ ,llo5s you to simul,te #.,-es i +oom siHe ,d ste+eo D5idt.E.
Be -etle i #.,-i- t.e setti-s ,s sometimes , l,+-e o , #ot+ol slide+ 5ill +esult i ,udio
ist,3ility ,d some loud oise. I2 t.,t .,00es4 Gust #lose &LC ,d o0e it ,-,i. No
d,m,-e #, 3e doe.
Issue$ 1 !,te$ ()05)10 P,-e 16 o2 28
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As "e6!#us52 1e$t!#$e'> t3e )#55#4!$+ A""e$'!ces
ae !$c5u'e' )# INFORMATION ONLY%
T.ey #ot,i ,d",#ed i2o+m,tio t.,t .,s 3ee i#luded to ,ssist use+s i ude+st,di- t.e
te+miolo-y used 5.e t,l?i- ,3out "ideo ,d ,udio 0l,ye+s Be.-. *ile *o+m,ts4 Cot,ie+s4
Code#s4 et#C.
Issue$ 1 !,te$ ()05)10 P,-e 17 o2 28
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Appendi. 8 %ile %ormats
,uestion9 4re file formats and codecs the sameK
Answer9 5o* although it can be confusing because sometimes the$ have the same name%
Bou can think of a file format as a t$pe of container% 0nside the container is data that has been
compressed b$ using a particular codec%
4 file format is a specification on how to read<write a certain t$pe of information into a file%
There are man$ file formats which all have their own advantages% Some are eas$ to edit* some
are eas$ to ?stream@* some allow for possible future eAtensions* others are ver$ simple and canLt
do much at all%
For eAample* a file format such as 6indows "edia 4udio /.wma) contains data that is
compressed b$ using the 6indows "edia 4udio codec% 7owever* a file format such as 4udio
Video 0nterleaved (.avi) can contain data that is compressed b$ an$ of a number of different
codecs* including the "#&'(+* -iv.* or .Vid codecs%
4V0 files can also contain data that is not compressed b$ an$ codec% !onseFuentl$* $ou might be
able to pla$ some 4V0 files and not others* depending on which codecs were used to compress
the file and which codecs are integrated with the pla$er installed on $our computer% For the same
reason* $ou also might be able to pla$ the audio portion of an 4V0 file* but not the video portion%
0n the world of audio<video<streaming there are several categories which are of importance%
!ontainer
#la$list
Subtitles
C#$ta!$e
!ontainers are Files that can contain audio and<or video% The audio and video is encoded
(compressed) using codecs* and then stored in a container% !odecs can normall$ be used in a
variet$ of different containers% For information on codecs* see 4ppendiA +%
Bou can usuall$ tell what container format is used for a file b$ looking at the fileLs eAtension% For
eAample* if a file has a %mp, eAtension* it is likel$ to contain "#&'(, video%
Below some of the formats $ou can pla$ with V!
Issue$ 1 !,te$ ()05)10 P,-e 18 o2 28
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%ile .tension Contains Comments
4H+ 4H+
A*:; (4H+) is essentiall$ the same thing as AC-< (4!/)* which is "olby "i+ital% -olb$
-igital is sometimes referred to as M--M* as in M-- H%)M (for M-olb$ -igital for H%)
channelsM)%
%aac 44!
44! is a codec designed to provide better compression than "#/s* and are improved
versions of "#&' audio% 44! actuall$ refers to two similar codecs ( "#&'(+ 44! and
"#&'(, 44!%
%aiff 40FF
Audio Interchan+e %ile %ormat (40FF) files are files similar to 64V& files% The$ contain
uncompressed #!" encoded data%
%asf 4SF
Advanced 'treamin+ %ormat (or A'%* later renamed into Advanced 'ystems %ormat) is
"icrosoftLs proprietar$ digital audio<digital video container format* especiall$ meant for
streaming media% 4SF is part of the 6indows "edia Framework%
4SF files have the file eAtension .asf* but 4SF files which contain 6indows "edia codecs
are often given the file eAtension .wmv or .wma%
%au 4U
'un au format is an audio file* normall$ with the file eAtension .au* which can hold
uncompressed audio%
%avi 4V0
AVI /Audio Video Interleave0 is a popular container format used to hold video and audio
data%
4V0 files arenLt designed to hold subtitles% 4lso* the$ donLt support some features which
more recent container formats support%
%dts -TS
-TS is a private compan$ that develops audio formats* similar to -olb$% The term M-TSM
generall$ refers to -TSLs digital surround audio technolog$ that is used widel$ on -V-(
Video discs* 1ust like -olb$Ls -olb$ -igital<4!/%
-TS differs from -olb$ -igital in that it uses less compression and has a lower bass
eAtension* which allows it to produce a better sound Fualit$% -TS Stereo sounds almost
identical to -olb$ Surround%
%dump -emuAdump
4 special codec used mainl$ for debugging% This saves the input as a file (specified b$
demuxdump-file)* without decoding it%
This is a wa$ to MdecodeM input to V!%
%nsf* %nsfe* %gbs* %vgm* %vg;*
%spc* %g$m
gme
The =ame #usic mu ('"&) format is a format used to store music in games%
%mkv* %mka* %mks "atroska
#atros&a is a container format for storing or streaming video and audio files% The "atroska
format has man$ features* such as a -V-(st$le menu s$stem%
"ediaBase
%mpc "usepack
MusePac* BMPCC is , ,udio #ode#4 desi-ed 2o+ #om0+essio o2 ste+eo ,udio ,t
3it+,tes o2 1609180 ?3it)s.
%m+ts* %mpg* %mpeg* %vob
"#&'(TS or "#&'(
#S
"#&'(+ specifies + container formats* ts and ps% !ontainers hold video and audio
information in them* and package them up so the data can be sent over a network or stored
on disk%
ts (Transport Stream) should be used to store or send data where data loss will
probabl$ occur* such as over a network%
ps (#rogram Stream) should be used to store or send data where data loss is not
likel$* such as on a -V-%
Both ps and ts can transport "#&'(, Video* but onl$ ts can send "#&'(, 4udio% 0n
addition* "#&'(, specifies itLs own container format* mp>
%mov "8V
4 %"8V file is the default eAtension given a NuickTime movie file% The video and audio
contained in the %mov can use one of man$ codecs%
=etrieved from Mhttp><<wiki%videolan%org<"8VM
%flv flash Video
%lash Video is a file format mainl$ used for pla$ing data in a Flash pla$er on a webpage% 0t
has the eAtension .flv%
There are two t$pes of flv files* the one based on 7%+I/ (which eAists since Flash I) and
another based on V#I (which was introduced in Flash O)% 0n Flash P Update / 4dobe added
support for "#&'(,* thus since this version flv files ma$ also contain 7%+I, and 7&(44!%
%m,a* %m,b* %m,p "#&'(,
#)=-> is a form of #)= encoding% 0t is a fleAible audio and video compression format%
The format describes audio and video compression* with a container format for streaming
across networks and saving to disk% 0t also contains optional eAtra features* including -="
and subtitles% These eAtra features are onl$ included in software if needed% "#&'(, can
provide better Fualit$ than "#&'(+ at low bitrates%
%nsv 5SV NS& is , e5 "ideo 2o+m,t. It is desi-ed to 3e e,sily st+e,med4 su00o+t ,y ,udio
Issue$ 1 !,te$ ()05)10 P,-e 11 o2 28
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,d "ideo #ode#4 ,d 3e us,3le o e,+ly ,y 0l,t2o+m. Cu++etly NS& utiliHes 'P(
2o+ ,udio ,d &P( 2o+ "ideo. Su00o+t 2o+ mo+e #ode#s 5ill 3e ,dded soo.
%ogm 8'"
T.e %/' e@tesio is ty0i#,lly ,sso#i,ted 5it. "ideo 2iles. %/' is t.e %-- &o+3is
"ideo #ot,ie+ 2o+m,t4 simil,+ to A&I o+ 'P:4 t.,t -ee+,lly #ot,is %-- &o+3is
,udio ,d , "ideo st+e,m t.,t is o2te !i"F4 F"i! o+ T.eo+, "ideo 2o+m,t.
%ogg* % ogv, .oga,
.ogx, .spx
8gg
Bei- , Cot,ie+ 2o+m,t4 o-- #, em3ed t.i+d90,+ty #ode#s Bsu#. ,s !i"F4
F"i!4 'P( ,d ot.e+sC 3ut usu,lly %-- is used 5it. &o+3is4 T.eo+,4
*LAC ,d !i+,#.
%pva #V4
#V4 is the the eAtension denoting a #acketi;ed &lementar$ Streams (#&S) containing both
video and audio% #&S files are muAed &lementar$ Streams% B$ their nature &lementar$
streams are onl$ audio or video files% 7owever* b$ recording timestamps #V4 files can
contain both with a low overhead for muAing real(time "#&'(+ video with 4!/ -olb$
-igital audio% Such files are often recorded b$ -igital Video Broadcast -VB capturing
software%
%rm* %ram* %ra =eal"edia
Rea5Me'!a is , ty0e o2 2ile desi-ed 3y Re,lNet5o+?s4 ,d #, 3e 0l,yed 5it.
t.e 0+o0+iet,+y Re,lPl,ye+. &LC is ,3le to 0l,y most Re,l'edi, 2iles.
S-# S-# (streaming onl$)
S-# stands for MSession -escription #rotocolM% 0t is used to describe a streaming session%
The idea behind S-# is that $ou can store critical stream information in the S-# and
distribute this over a reliable connection (such as 7TT# or =TS#)% Then $ou can stream the
raw codec data over a loss$ connection* such as =T# without the need for a container%
%wav 64V ?AV is a wa$ of storing audio* which is normall$ uncompressed% 0t is based on =0FF%
%wmv 6indows "edia Video
?indows #edia is a generic name for the set of proprietar$ streaming audio and video
technologies developed b$ "icrosoft% 0t includes the ?indows #edia Video (6"V) and
?indows #edia Audio (6"4) codecs%
To sum up>
4 codec is a compression algorithm* used to reduce the si2e of a stream% There are
audio codecs and video codecs% "#&'()* "#&'(+* "#&'(,* Vorbis* -iv.* %%% are
codecs
4 container format contains one or several streams alread$ encoded b$ codecs% Ver$
often* there is an audio stream and a video one% 4V0* 8gg* "8V* 4SF are container
formats% The streams contained can be encoded using different codecs% 0n a perfect
world* $ou could put an$ codec in an$ container format% Unfortunatel$* there are some
incompatibilities%
P5a25!st
#la$lists are files that contain information on which files to pla$% Usuall$ the$ are plain teAt files
with paths to the files to pla$% 7ere an eAample in the "/U format>
rock.mp3
classical.mp3
OTHER\new.mp3
\\COMPUTERNME\M!sic\"an#\r$is$name % Track % Ti$le o& $'e (ong.mp3
'$$p)**www.we+a##ress. com*...*movie clip.mp,
'$$p)**---....333.,,)/0.,
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This file would instruct the pla$er to first pla$ the file rock%mp/* then classical%mp/ and then the
file new%mp/ which is in the director$ 8T7&= before accessing a song on the local network%
Then it pla$s a movie clip in "#, format from the web and lastl$ switches to a web radio
station%
Su(t!t5es
'ubtitles are teAtual versions of the dialog in films and television programs* usuall$ displa$ed at
the bottom of the screen% The$ can either be a form of written translation of a dialog in a foreign
language* or a written rendering of the dialog in the same language* with or without added
information to help viewers who are deaf and hard(of(hearing follow the dialog%
Further information on subtitles ma$ be found at> http><<en%wikipedia%org<wiki<Subtitles
There are a lot of different t$pes of eAternal subtitle files% "ost contain teAtual data% That is the
subtitle and a timestamp at which this subtitles is to be shown% Some of these allow for
additional formatting* others donLt%
There are also subtitles which are essentiall$ pictures instead of teAt% These t$pe of subtitles are
used in -V-s* V!-s and the eAternal VobSub files%
There are also some file formats to which $ou can add subtitles% These include>
"8V* "#,* 8'"* "atroska
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Appendi. ; ?hat is a Codec@
4 codec is software that is used to compress or decompress a digital media file* such as a song or
video%
!ontent creators use codecs because a compressed file takes up less storage space on $our
computer* will allow movies to be stored on -V-@s and can be transferred across the 0nternet
more Fuickl$ and smoothl$%
6hen $ou pla$ a digital media file* $our media pla$er uses a codec to decompress the file%
!odecs are used to create and pla$ nearl$ all music or video files on $our computer or on 6eb
sites%
4 codec can consist of two componentsQan encoder and a decoder% The encoder compresses a
file during creation* and the decoder decompresses the file so that it can be pla$ed% Some codecs
include both components* while other codecs onl$ include one% For eAample* if $ou install a
-V- pla$back program on $our computer* the program will likel$ install a codec that onl$
includes an "#&'(+ decoder* which allows $ou to pla$ the -V- on $our computer% Bou would
not be able to use the decoder to create $our own -V-%
#issin+ Codec. 0f $ou get a message sa$ing that $our computer is missing a codec* $ou are
probabl$ tr$ing to pla$ a file that uses a codec that $our media pla$er does not have installed%
6hen $ou tr$ to pla$ a file that uses a codec that is not on $our computer* $our media pla$er
ma$ even tr$ to download the codec from an internet server%
N$-'9
As the !roadband for 'eniors 7ios&s are loc&ed into a &ios& confi+urationA any
new*additional codec downloads cannot be installed by users.
VLC has been installed with as many codecs as possibleA howeverA developers are always
e.perimentin+ with new compression processes and it is li&ely that at some time you will
come across a file that will not play correctly /or not play at all0.
The ma1orit$ of codecs use a loss$ method of compression* but some are lossless% ossless
codecs* such as "SU or 7uff$uv* reproduce the original video eAactl$* with no subseFuent loss
if the video is re(encoded% The more common loss$ codecs lose var$ing degrees of information*
but can save substantial amounts of space%
4 loss$ codec ma$ be transformative* predictive* or a combination of both% 4 transformative
codec cuts up the original image(s) or sound and Fuanti;es it into a more efficient space* then
encodes it% 4 predictive codec compares a chunk of known data to ad1acent data and eliminates
eAcess information to save si;e% There are man$ t$pes of codec available* each attempting to
strike an ideal balance between the loss of information and file si;e% 8ther factors* such as
openness and the processor power needed to decode the file* are also important when considering
a codec%
The "#&'() codec is used for V!-s and contains the standard "#/* the most commonl$ used
audio codec% Support for "#&'() is incredibl$ high* both among computers and consumer
movie devices% The Fualit$ is ver$ high* though not as high as "#&'(+* and file(si;es for video
are fairl$ large% The "#/ audio standard has good compression through a number of codecs and
is ver$ popular as an audio(encoding solution%
Issue$ 1 !,te$ ()05)10 P,-e 22 o2 28
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The "#&'(+ codec is a high(Fualit$ standard used for -V-s% 6hile the "#&'() codec allows
for onl$ progressive scanning* "#&'(+ also supports interlacing* allowing better displa$ for its
si;e% 6hile not the most advanced of the available video codecs* "#&'(+ is firml$ entrenched
because of its use as the standard for commerciall$ available -V-s%
The "#&'(, codec is a step be$ond the "#&'(+ codec% 0t has a number of significant technical
advancements and better compression techniFues* can handle both interlaced and progressive(
scan video* and is widel$ supported% 4 number of popular online codecs are derived from the
"#&'(, codec% These include -iv.* /ivA and .vi-% &ach of these codecs has minor deviations
from the original "#&'(, codec to give them better compression and functionalit$ in certain
situations%
The 8gg Theora and 8gg Vorbis codecs are a pair of video and audio codecs* respectivel$%
These codecs have high(Fualit$ and good compression* and are entirel$ free of patent
restrictions* making them popular amongst man$ developers% =ealVideo is a video codec
designed specificall$ for streaming use online% 6hile man$ codecs can be streamed* =ealVideo
and its sister codec =eal4udio are particularl$ optimi;ed for the #54 and =eal Time Streaming
protocols%
To decode a stream* V! first demuxes it% This means that it reads the container format and
separates audio* video* and subtitles* if an$% Then* each of these are passed to decoders that do
the mathematical processing to decompress the streams %
There is a particular thing about "#&'>
"#&' is a codec% There are several versions of it* called "#&'()* "#&'(+* "#&'(,
"#&' is also a container format* sometimes refered to as MPEG System% There are
several t$pes of "#&'> &S* #S* and TS
6hen $ou pla$ an "#&' video from a -V-* for instance* the "#&' stream is actuall$
composed of several streams (called &lementar$ Streams* &S)> there is one stream for
video* one for audio* another for subtitles* and so on% These different streams are miAed
together into a single #rogram Stream (#S)% So* the %V8B files $ou can find in a -V- are
actuall$ "#&'(#S files% But this #S format is not adapted for streaming video through a
network or b$ satellite* for instance% So* another format called Transport Stream (TS) was
designed for streaming "#&' videos through such channels%
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Appendi. < VLC Codec Listin+
V!'e# C#'ecs ?e)ee$ce #$52 1a2 $#t (e u" t# 'ate@
.!'e52 Use' V!'e# C#'ecs
#ost used Video Codecs
Name %$6(CC )layable ncoder library Comment
#)=-8 )art ; mpeg* mp)v* mpg)* #0") Bes Bes libmpeg+ * ffmpeg
#)=-; )art ;
mp+v* mpg+* vcr+* hdv)* hdv+* hdv/*
mARn* mARp
Bes Bes libmpeg+ * ffmpeg
#1)= /A*!0 Bes Bes ffmpeg
"iv. /8A ;A <0
-0V)* -0V+* -0V/* mp,)* mp,+*
"#',* "#'/
Bes Bes ffmpeg
"iv3 >A :A B A <iv. ">A
#)=->
-0V,* -0VH* -0VI* col)* col3* /ivd Bes Bes ffmpeg
#)=-> )art ; /AV)0A
3vid
-0V.* .vid* mp,s* m,s+* Avid*
mp,v* fmp,* /iv+* smp,* %%%
Bes Bes ffmpeg
5.;B8 h+I) Bes Bes ffmpeg
5.;B; h+I+ Bes Bes ffmpeg
Same as "#&'(+
Video
5.;B< * 5.;B<i h+I/ Bes Bes ffmpeg
5.;B> * 3.;B>
/#)=->*AVC0
/#)=-> )art.8C0
h+I,* s+I,* 4V!)* -4V!* 7+I,*
.+I,* VSS7
Bes Bes
ffmpeg (decode)*
A+I, (encode)
'orenson 8 /,uic&time0 SVN ) Bes Bes ffmpeg
'orenson < /,uic&time0 SVN / Bes 5o ffmpeg
"V Bes Bes ffmpeg
Cinepa& cvid Bes 5o internal* ffmpeg
-heora thra Bes
Bes
broken
libtheora
?#V 8*; /D*E0 wmv)* wmv+ Bes Bes ffmepg
?#V < * ?#V-F * VC-
8
wmv/* wvc)* wmva Bes 5o ffmpeg
$n; V)<A V#/)* V#/3* V#/ Bes 5o ffmpeg
$n; V): V#H3* V#H* V#H) Bes 5o ffmpeg
$n; V)B /used by %LV0 V#I3* V#I)* V#I+* V#IF* V#I4 Bes Bes ffmpeg
$n; V)D V#S 5o 5o
%lash 'creen Video FSV) Bes Bes ffmpeg
Indeo Video < 0V/)* 0V/+ Bes 5o ffmpeg
Indeo Video >*: 0V,)* 0VH) 5o 5o
(eal Video 8.CA 8.<A ;.C =V)3* =V)/* =V+3 Bes Bes ffmpeg
(eal Video <.CA >.C =V/3* =V,3 5o 5o
"irac BB!- Bes Bes dirac
Issue$ 1 !,te$ ()05)10 P,-e 2: o2 28
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5uffyuv * La+arith Bes Bes ffmpeg
Rae V!'e# C#'ecs
Less-6sed Video Codecs
(are codecs %$6(CC "ecoder ncoder library Comment
Apple AnimationA =raphicsA VideoA
,uic&"raw
LrleL*Lsmc L*Lrp;aL*
LFdrwL
Bes 5o ffmpeg
'heerVideo 5o 5o
#rofessional use* no open source
decoders
Core)N= KK KK
#'6 Lossless KK KK
'now Bes Bes
)i.let KK KK
(are codecs /Asus V8A Asus V;0 4SV)* 4SV+ Bes Bes ffmpeg
=ame Codecs /'ome0 Bes 5o ffmpeg
-ar&in 5o 5o
Au'!# C#'ecs
Audio Codecs 'tatus
Name %$6(CC "ecoder ncoder library Comment
#)=-Audio 8
Layer-8*;
mpga Bes Bes
libmad (decoding)*
twolame (encoding)
0S8<0&! "#&'
#)< mp/* %mp/* 4"& Bes Bes
libmad (decoding)*
ffmpeg(mp/lame
0S8<0&! "#&'
AAC mp,a Bes Bes
faad (decode)* faac
(encoding)
0S8<0&! "#&'
5-AAC Bes untested KKK
faad (decode)*
libaacplus T ffmpeg
(encoding)
0S8<0&! "#&'* 44!T encoding
through libaacplus T ffmpeg
(patched) ( untested
AC-< aH+* aH+b Bes Bes
libaH+ (decode)*
ffmpeg (encode)
A-(AC atrc Bes 5o
iL!C 0B!* ilbc untested KKK untested KKK NuickTime (decode)
#u-Law Bes 5o ffmpeg (check for encoder)
Nelly#oser Bes 5o ffmpeg
(eal Audio
lpcG* +OUO* dnet* sipr*
cook* atrc* raac* racp*
ralf
Bes 5o Some work% ralf doesnLt
'horten shrn 5o 5o ffmpeg and ffpla$ do it%
'pee. speA Bes Bes libspeeA
Vorbis vorb Bes Bes libvorbis
"-' dts Bes 5o libdca -TS(7- unsupported
#)C Bes 5o libmpcdec
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?#A 8*; wma)* wma+ Bes Bes broken ffmpeg 6"4P is not supported
%lac flac Bes Bes libflac lossless
Apple Lossless
Audio Codec
alac Bes 5o ffmpeg lossless
#on&eyGs Audio Bes 5o lossless
#usepac& Bes 5o libmpcdec
A"#)C#
/various0
Bes Bes ffmpeg and internal
A#( samr Bes Bes
ffmpeg T libamrnb T
libamrwb
'onic S85! Bes Bes ffmpeg
Su(t!t5es C#'ecs
Su(t!t5es Status
Su(t!t5e
Na1e
E&te$s!#$

Su(t!t5e
T2"e

C3aacte
E$c#'!$+

L!$e
Bea*
Te&t
St25!$+

Meta'ata
I$)#
T!1!$+s

T!1!$+
Pec!s!#$

VLC 1e'!a
"5a2e
Su""#t
A-T!t5e J.,It
Te@t9
3,sed
Noe 7es No No *+,mi-s
!e0edet
o *+,me
7es B0.1.0 ,d
o"e+C
CVD J.#"d
Im,-e9
3,sed
N)A N)A N)A No
El,0sed
Time
!oKt ?o5 7es
DVB
Su(t!t5es
N)A Bi !&B
st+e,msC
Im,-e9
3,sed
N)A N)A N)A No
El,0sed
Time
!oKt ?o5 7es
DKS J.d?s
Te@t9
3,sed
Noe 7es No No
El,0sed
Time
!oKt ?o5
7es B0.1.0 ,d
o"e+C
AACOSu( J.Gss
Te@t9
3,sed
Noe 7es 7es No
El,0sed
Time
10
'illise#ods
B1)100t. se#C
7es B0.1.0 ,d
o"e+C4 o styles
Kate
N)A Biside
%//C
Te@t9
3,sed
Noe 7es 7es No !oKt ?o5 !oKt ?o5
7es B0.1.0 ,d
o"e+C4 o styles
M!c#DVD J.su3
Te@t9
3,sed
Noe 7es No No *+,mi-s
!e0edet
o *+,mes
7es
MPE/-0
T!1e' Te&t
.tt@t F'L !oKt?o5 !oKt?o5 7es No
El,0sed
Time
1 'illise#od 7es
MPL2 J.m0l).t@t
Te@t9
3,sed
Noe 7es No No
SeIueti,l
Time
100
'illise#ods
B1)10t. se#C
7es4 o it,li#
MPSu( J.su3
Te@t9
3,sed
Noe 7es No 7es
SeIueti,l
Time
10
'illise#ods
B1)100t. se#C
7es B0.1.0 ,d
o"e+C
O++.!t
N)A Biside
%--sC
Te@t9
3,sed
Noe No 7es 7es
SeIueti,l
/+,ules
!e0edet
o Bitst+e,m
utested AAA9
Not s0e#i2ied
yet.
P3#e$!&
Su(t!t5e
J.0Gs
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#u.er
Name e.tensions )layable 'avable Comment
<=) %/gp Bes untested KKK
AI%% %asf* %wmv Bes 5o
A'% %asf* %wmv Bes Bes
A6 %au Bes
AVI %avi Bes Bes* broken
"#% untested KKK untested KKK
%LV %flv Bes Bes through ffmpeg
#$V %mov Bes Bes
#)> %mp, Bes Bes
$== %ogm* %ogg Bes Bes
#7V %mkv* %mka Bes 5o* 60# Summer of !ode +33S #ro1ect
#)=-; * -' %ts* %mpg Bes Bes
#)=-; * 'A )'A )VAA #)< %mpg* %mp/* %mp+ Bes Bes
N'C %nsc Bes 5o
N'V %nsv Bes 5o
Nut %nut Bes Bes
(eal %ra* %ram* %rm* %rv * %rmbv #artial 5o
version , and H* no support for version
/
(aw /a:;A dtsA aacA flacA .dvA
.vid0
%aH+* %dts* %aac* %flac* %dv*
%vid
Bes KK
-rue Audio Codec %tta* %tac Bes 5o
-y -ivo %t$ Bes 5o
?av %wav* %dts Bes Bes
3a %Aa Bes 5o
Issue$ 1 !,te$ ()05)10 P,-e 28 o2 28
*ile$ 2(2:11811.do#

VLC Media Player DN BFS 00020 1 February 2010

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