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A
SEMINAR REPORT
On
REACTIVE POWER COMPENSATION
Submitted for the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
Degree
of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
in
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

GUIDED BY: SUBMITTED BY:
Mr. M.G. Soni Ashish Kumar Mantri
Associate Professor Roll No. 2221405
Electrical Department B.E.IV Yr. Electrical


Department of Electrical Engineering
Faculty of Engineering
(M.B.M. Engineering College)
J.N.V. University, Jodhpur (Raj.)
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The satisfaction and euphoria that accompany the successful completion of any task
would be incomplete without the mentioning of the people whose constant guidance
and encouragement made it possible. I take pleasure in presenting before you, my
seminar, which is result of studied blend of both research and knowledge.

I am very grateful to Mr.G.K.Joshi, Head of the Department of Electrical
Engineering for his cooperation and valuable suggestions. I express my earnest
gratitude to seminar Coordinator Mr.M.G.SONI, Associate professor, Department
of Electrical Engineering, for his constant support, encouragement and guidance.













iii

CERTIFICATE
Date:
This is to certify that Mr. ASHISH KUMAR MANTRI bearing Roll No. 2221405,
Enrollment no. E/10/05466, student of M.B.M. Engineering College has undergone
a study on REACTIVE POWER COMPENSATION.
He has made good efforts to compile the information and data from the works of
past researchers; he has been able to build an orientation towards the intricacies of
the topic. The work deserves to be a seminar work as per the requirements of VII
Semester.
Further this seminar has not been presented elsewhere for the award of any degree
or diploma.



Countersigned: Guide:
Dr. G.K.Joshi Mr. M.G. Soni
Head of Department Associate Professor

Department of Electrical Engineering
Faculty of Engineering
(M.B.M. Engineering College)
J.N.V. University, Jodhpur (Raj.)



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ABSTRACT

Reactive power compensation is the management of reactive power to improve the
performance of ac power systems. Reactive power is the power that supplies the
stored energy in reactive elements. This is the unused power which the system has
to incur in order to transmit power. Reactive power provides the important function
of regulating voltage. If voltage on the system is not high enough, active power
cannot be supplied. Reactive power is used to provide the voltage levels necessary
for active power to do useful work. Reactive power causes absence of electricity-a
blackout. it can cause harmful effects on appliances as well as electrical
infrastructure. The main reason for reactive power compensation in a system is
voltage regulation, increase system stability reducing losses associated with the
system to prevent voltage collapse as well as voltage sag. This report discusses
some of the reactive power compensation technologies. The principles of operation,
design characteristics of VAR compensators implemented with thyristors and
selfcommutated converters are presented.















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LIST OF FIGURES Page No:

1. Relationship between active, reactive and apparent power 4

2. Waveform of voltage and current with inductive load 5

3. Waveform of voltage and current with capacitive load 6

4. (a) System without shunt compensation 13
(b) System with shunt compensation 13

5. (a) System without series compensation 15
(b) System with series compensation 16

6. Series capacitor compensators and associated protection system 17

7. Thyristor swithed capacitor configuration 20

8. Binary thyristor-diode-swithed capacitor configuration 21

9. Thyristor- controlled reactor configuration 23

10. Simulated voltage and current waveform in a TCR for different 24
Thyristor phase shift angles,

Voltage-reactive power characteristic of a FC-TCR 25

12. Combined TSC and TCR configuration 26

13. V-Q characteristics of combined TSC and TCR configuration 26

14. Power circuit topology of a thyristor controlled series 27
compensator
15. VAR compensator topology implemented with a VSI 28

16. (a) Shunt VAR compensators implemented with a boost type 29
Voltage source converter
(b) Simulated current and voltage waveform for leading 29
Compensation
(c) Simulated current and voltage waveform for lagging 30
Compensation

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Acknowledgement ii
Certificate iii
Abstract iv
List of Figures v
Index vi

INDEX Page No.
CHAPTER 1:
1.1 Introduction 1-2
1.2 Preliminary theory of power 2-4

CHAPTER 2:
2.1 Reactive power 5-7
2.2 Need of reactive power 7-8


CHAPTER 3:
3.1 Importance of presence of reactive power 9
3.2 Problem of reactive power 9-10
3.3 Limitations of reactive power 10-11

CHAPTER 4:
4.1 Reactive power compensation principle 12
4.2 Reactive power compensation 12-30
4.2.1 Shunt compensation
4.2.2 Series compensation
4.2.3 Traditional var compensators

CHAPTER 5: Conclusion 31

References 32