1

A PRACTICAL ENGLISH GRAMMAR

EXERCISES 1
CONTENTS
Articles
PEG chapter I
1 Articles: a/an
2 Articles: the
3 Articles: a/an, the
4 Articles and possessive adjectives
5 a/an and one
Auxiliary verbs
PEG chapters 10-16
6 Auiliar! ver"s
# Auiliaries conju$ated %ith do/does/did
& Auiliar! ver"s
' Auiliar! ver"s
10 Additions to re(ar)s* usin$ auiliar! ver"s
11 A$ree(ents and disa$ree(ents %ith re(ar)s* usin$ auiliar!
ver"s
1+ ,uestion ta$s a-ter ne$ative state(ents
13 ,uestion ta$s a-ter a--ir(ative state(ents
14 ,uestion ta$s: (ied
15 Auiliaries -ollo%ed "! -ull or "are in-initive
16 Auiliaries: (ied
1# have: possessive
1& have: various uses
1' .he have / o"ject / past participle construction
+0 be
+1 it is/there is
++ can and be able
23 may
+4 must and have to
+5 must not and need not
+6 need not and don't have to etc0
+# must, can't and needn't %ith the per-ect in-initive
Preset a! "ast teses
PEG chapters 1#-1&
1
+
4
6
#
&
'
10
11
1+
13
14
16
1#
1&
1'
+0
+1
+3
+4
+5
+#
+&
+'
30
31
33
+
+& .he si(ple present tense
+' .he si(ple present tense
30 .he present continuous tense
31 .he si(ple present and the present continuous
3+ .he si(ple present and the present continuous
33 .he si(ple past tense
34 .he si(ple past tense
35 .he past continuous tense
36 .he si(ple past and the past continuous
3# .he si(ple past and the past continuous
3& .he present per-ect tense
3' .he present per-ect and the si(ple past
40 .he present per-ect and the si(ple past
41 .he present per-ect and the si(ple past
4+ .he present per-ect continuous tense
43 .he present per-ect and the present per-ect continuous
44 for and since
#uture $%rms
PEG chapter 1'
45 .he present continuous tense as a -uture -or(
46 .he be going to -or(
4# .he present continuous and the be going to -or(
4& .he -uture si(ple
4' .he present continuous and the -uture si(ple
50 will / in-initive and the be going to -or(
51 will / in-initive and the be going to -or(
5+ .he -uture continuous tense
53 will / in-initive and the -uture continuous
54 %on1t / in-initive and the -uture continuous ne$ative
55 2econd person interro$ative: will you and other -or(s
56 shall and will
5# .i(e clauses
5& .he -uture per-ect tense
5' .i(e clauses
60 would and should
61 would and should
C%!iti%als
PEG chapter +1
6+ 3onditional sentences: t!pe 1
34
35
36
3&
3'
41
4+
43
44
45
4#
4&
50
51
54
55
56
5#
5&
5'
60
61
6+
64
65
6#
6&
6'
#1
#+
#3
#4
#5
#6
#&
3
63 3onditional sentences: t!pe +
64 3onditional sentences: t!pe 3
65 3onditional sentences: (ied t!pes
66 3onditional sentences: (ied t!pes
6# 4ied tenses and ver" -or(s
I$iitive
PEG chapter +3
6& 5ull or "are in-initive
6' 5ull or "are in-initive
#0 In-initive represented "! to
#1 too/enough/so . . . as %ith in-initive
#+ 6arious in-initive constructions
#3 Per-ect in-initive used %ith auiliar! ver"s
#4 Per-ect in-initive used %ith auiliaries and so(e other ver"s

Geru!& i$iitive a! "artici"les
PEG chapters +3-6
#5 .he $erund
#6 Gerund and in-initive
## Gerund and in-initive
#& Gerund and in-initive
#' In-initive* $erund* present participle
&0 7sin$ participles to join sentences
&1 4isrelated participles
Passive
PEG chapter 30
&+ Active to passive
&3 Active to passive
&4 Passive to active
I!irect s"eec'
PEG chapter 31
&5 Indirect speech: state(ents
&6 Indirect speech: state(ents
&# Indirect speech: 8uestions
&& Indirect speech: 8uestions
#'
&0
&1
&+
&3
&4
&4
&5
&#
&&
'0
'1
'+
'3
'4
'5
'#
'&
100
101
10+
103
104
105
106
10#
4
&' Indirect speech: 8uestions
'0 Indirect speech: co((ands* re8uests* advice epressed "!
o"ject / in-initive
'1 Indirect speech: co((ands* re8uests* advice
'+ Indirect speech: co((ands* re8uests* advice
'3 Indirect speech: co((ands* re8uests* invitations* o--ers*
advice
'4 Indirect speech: 8uestions* re8uests* invitations* o--ers* advice
'5 Indirect speech: co((ands and 8uestions %ith i--clauses and
ti(e clauses
'6 Indirect speech: su$$estions
'# Indirect speech: (ied t!pes
'& Indirect to direct speech
Pur"%se
PEG chapter 33
'' In-initive used to epress purpose
100 3lauses and phrases o- purpose
Keys to Practical Exercises
10'
10'
111
111
11+
113
114
115
116
11#
11&
1+0
5
Exercises 1
Articles
Articles: a/an
PEG 1-4
Insert a or an i- necessar!0
1 4! nei$h"our is 0 0 0 photo$rapher9 let1s as) hi( -or 0 0 0 advice a"out colour -il(s0
+ :e had 0 0 0 -ish and 0 0 0 chips -or 0 0 0 lunch0 ;
.hat doesn1t sound 0 0 0 ver! interestin$ lunch0
3 I had 0 0 0 ver! "ad ni$ht9 I didn1t sleep 0 0 0 %in)0
4 <e is 0 0 0 ve$etarian9 !ou %on1t $et 0 0 0 (eat at his house0 <e1ll $ive !ou 0 0 0 nut cutlet0
;=ast ti(e I had 0 0 0 nut cutlet I had 0 0 0 indi$estion0
5 0 0 0 travel a$ent %ould $ive !ou 0 0 0 in-or(ation a"out 0 0 0 hotels0
6 :e1d "etter $o "! 0 0 0 tai>i- %e can $et 0 0 0 tai at such 0 0 0 hour as + a0(0
# 0 0 0 person %ho su--ers -ro( 0 0 0 claustropho"ia has 0 0 0 dread o- "ein$ con-ined in 0 0 0
s(all space* and %ould al%a!s pre-er 0 0 0 stairs to 0 0 0 li-t0
& ?o !ou ta)e 0 0 0 su$ar in 0 0 0 co--ee@ ;
I used to* "ut no% I1( on 0 0 0 diet0 I1( tr!in$ to lose 0 0 0 %ei$ht0
' 0 0 0 (an su--erin$ -ro( 0 0 0 shoc) should not "e $iven an!thin$ to drin)0
10 Aou1ll $et 0 0 0 shoc) i- !ou touch 0 0 0 live %ire %ith that scre%driver0
:h! don1t !ou $et 0 0 0 scre%driver %ith 0 0 0 insulated handle@
11 It costs -i-t!--ive and 0 0 0 hal- pence and I1ve onl! $ot 0 0 0 -i-t! pence piece0 ;
Aou can pa! "! 0 0 0 che8ue here0 ;
But can I %rite 0 0 0 che8ue -or 0 0 0 -i-t!--ive and 0 0 0 hal- pence@
1+ 0 0 0 4r 2(ith is 0 0 0 old custo(er and 0 0 0 honest (an0 ;
:h! do !ou sa! that@ <as he "een accused o- 0 0 0 dishonest!@
13 I1( not 0 0 0 %a$e-earner9 I1( 0 0 0 sel--e(plo!ed (an0 I have 0 0 0 "usiness o- (! o%n0
;
.hen !ou1re not 0 0 0 %or)er9 !ou1re 0 0 0 capitalistC
14 :hen he %as char$ed %ith 0 0 0 (urder he said he had 0 0 0 ali"i0
15 0 0 0 -riend o- (ine is epectin$ 0 0 0 "a"!0 I- it1s 0 0 0 $irl she1s $oin$ to "e called
Etheldreda0 ;
:hat 0 0 0 na(e to $ive 0 0 0 $irlC
16 I have 0 0 0 hour and 0 0 0 hal- -or lunch0 ;
I onl! have 0 0 0 hal- 0 0 0 hour>"arel! 0 0 0 ti(e -or 0 0 0 s(o)e and 000 cup o- co--ee0
1# I hope !ou have 0 0 0 lovel! ti(e and 0 0 0 $ood %eather0 ;
But I1( not $oin$ -or 0 0 0 holida!9 I1( $oin$ on 0 0 0 "usiness0
1& <e loo)ed at (e %ith 0 0 0 horror %hen I eplained that I %as 0 0 0 dou"le a$ent0
1' I %ouldn1t cli(" 0 0 0 (ountain -or D1*000C I have 0 0 0 horror o- 0 0 0 hei$hts0
+0 I have 0 0 0 headache and 0 0 0 sore throat0 I thin) I1ve $ot 0 0 0 cold0 ;
I thin) !ou1re $ettin$ 0 0 0 -lu0
+1 0 0 0 4r Eones called %hile !ou %ere out (neither of us knows this man). <e %ants to
(a)e 0 0 0 co(plaint a"out 0 0 0 article in the paper0 <e %as in 0 0 0 ver! "ad te(per0
++ I- !ou $o "! 0 0 0 train !ou can have 8uite 0 0 0 co(-orta"le journe!* "ut (a)e sure !ou
$et 0 0 0 epress* not 0 0 0 train that stops at all the stations0
6
+3 0 0 0 -e% people )no% (hardly anyone knows) that there is 0 0 0 secret passa$e -ro( this
house to 0 0 0 old s(u$$lers1 cave in the cli--s0
+4 I1( havin$ 0 0 0 -e% -riends in to 0 0 0 co--ee to(orro% evenin$0
:ould !ou li)e to co(e@ ;
I1d love to* "ut I1( a-raid I1( $oin$ to 0 0 0 concert0
+5 It1s ti(e !ou had 0 0 0 holida!0 Aou haven1t had 0 0 0 da! o-- -or 0 0 0 (onth0
+6 <e "ro)e 000le$ in000 s)iin$ accident0 It1s still in 0 0 0 plaster0
+# I %ant 0 0 0 assistant %ith 0 0 0 )no%led$e o- 5rench and 0 0 0 eperience o- 0 0 0 o--ice
routine0
+& I see that !our house is "uilt o- 0 0 0 %ood0 Are !ou insured a$ainst 000 -ire@
+' .he escapin$ prisoner ca(ped in 0 0 0 %ood "ut he didn1t li$ht 0 0 0 -ire "ecause 0 0 0
s(o)e risin$ -ro( the %ood (i$ht attract 0 0 0 attention0
30 I had 0 0 0 a(aFin$ eperience last ni$ht0 I sa% 0 0 0 dinosaur eatin$ 0 0 0 (eat pie in 0 0 0
=ondon par)0 ;
Aou (ean !ou had 0 0 0 ni$ht(are0 An!%a!* dinosaurs didn1t eat 0 0 0 (eat0
31 I1ll pa! !ou 0 0 0 hundred 0 0 0 %ee)0 It1s not 0 0 0 enor(ous salar! "ut a-ter all !ou are 0 0
0 co(pletel! uns)illed (an0
3+ I- !ou )ept 0 0 0 $raph !ou could see at 0 0 0 $lance %hether !ou %ere (a)in$ 0 0 0 pro-it
or 0 0 0 loss0
33 0 0 0 little (hardly anything) is )no%n a"out the e--ect o- this dru$9 !et 0 0 0 che(ist %ill
sell it to !ou %ithout 0 0 0 prescription0
34 I have 0 0 0 little (one! le-t9 let1s have dinner in 0 0 0 restaurant0
35 :ould it "e 0 0 0 trou"le to !ou to "u! (e 0 0 0 ne%spaper on !our %a! ho(e@
36 0 0 0 (an is 0 0 0 reasonin$ ani(al0
Articles: the
PEG 6-&
Insert the i- necessar!0
1 0 0 0 !oun$est "o! has just started $oin$ to 0 0 0 school9 0 0 0 eldest "o! is at 0 0 0 colle$e0
+ 2he lives on 0 0 0 top -loor o- an old house0 :hen 0 0 0 %ind "lo%s* all 0 0 0 %indo%s
rattle0
3 0 0 0 dar)ness doesn1t %orr! 0 0 0 cats9 0 0 0 cats can see in 0 0 0 dar)0
4 4! little "o!s sa! that the! %ant to "e 0 0 0 space(en* "ut (ost o- the( %ill pro"a"l!
end up in 0 0 0 less dra(atic jo"s0
5 ?o !ou )no% 0 0 0 ti(e@ ;
Aes* 0 0 0 cloc) in 0 0 0 hall has just struc) nine0 ;
.hen it isn1t 0 0 0 ti(e to $o !et0
6 <e %as sent to 0 0 0 prison -or 0 0 0 si (onths -or 0 0 0 shop-li-tin$0
:hen 0 0 0 si (onths are over he1ll "e released9 0 0 0 di--icult! then %ill "e to -ind 0 0 0
%or)0 ;
?o !ou $o to 0 0 0 prison to visit hi(@
# I %ent to 0 0 0 school to tal) to 0 0 0 head(istress0 I persuaded her to let Ann $ive up 0 0 0
$!(nastics and ta)e 0 0 0 "allet lessons instead0
& 0 0 0 "allet isn1t (uch use -or 0 0 0 $irls9 it is (uch "etter to "e a"le to pla! 0 0 0 piano0
' I a( on000 ni$ht dut!0 :hen !ou $o to 0 0 0 "ed* I $o to 0 0 0 %or)0
10 Peter1s at 0 0 0 o--ice "ut !ou could $et hi( on 0 0 0 phone0 .here1s a telephone "o just
round 0 0 0 corner
#
11 <e $ot000 "ronchitis and %as ta)en to 0 0 0 hospital0 I expect the!1ll send hi( ho(e
at 0 0 0 end o- 0 0 0 %ee)0 ;
<ave !ou run$ 0 0 0 hospital to as) ho% he is@
1+ Ann1s ha"it o- ridin$ a (otorc!cle up and do%n 0 0 0 road earl! in 0 0 0 (ornin$
anno!ed 0 0 0 nei$h"ours and in 0 0 0 end the! too) her to 0 0 0 court0
13 <e -irst %ent to 0 0 0 sea in a 2%edish ship* so as %ell as learnin$ 0 0 0 navi$ation he had
to learn 0 0 0 2%edish0
14 0 0 0 -a(il! hotels are 0 0 0 hotels %hich %elco(e 0 0 0 parents and 0 0 0 children0
15 Gn 0 0 0 2unda!s (! -ather sta!s in 0 0 0 "ed till ten o1cloc)* readin$ 0 0 0 2unda! papers0
16 .hen he $ets up* puts on 0 0 0 old clothes* has 0 0 0 "rea)-ast and starts 0 0 0 %or) in 0 0 0
$arden0
1# 4! (other $oes to 0 0 0 church in 0 0 0 (ornin$* and in 0 0 0 a-ternoon $oes to visit 0 0 0
-riends0
1& =i)e (an! %o(en* she loves 0 0 0 tea parties and 0 0 0 $ossip0
1' 4! parents have 000 cold (eat and 0 0 0 salad -or 0 0 0 supper* 0 0 0 %inter and 0 0 0
su((er0
+0 ?urin$ 0 0 0 (eal he tal)s a"out 0 0 0 $arden and she tells hi( 0 0 0 villa$e $ossip0
+1 :e have a ver! $ood train service -ro( here to 0 0 0 cit! centre and (ost people $o to 0
0 0 %or) "! train0 Aou can $o "! 0 0 0 "us too* o- course* "ut !ou can1t $et a season
tic)et on 0 0 0 "us0
++ 0 0 0 dead no lon$er need 0 0 0 help0 :e (ust concern ourselves %ith 0 0 0 livin$0 :e
(ust "uild 0 0 0 houses and 0 0 0 schools and 0 0 0 pla!$rounds0
+3 I1d li)e to see 0 0 0 4r 2(ith please0 ;
?o !ou (ean 0 0 0 4r 2(ith %ho %or)s in 0 0 0 "o o--ice or 0 0 0 other 4r 2(ith@
+4 ?id !ou co(e "! 0 0 0 air@ ;
Ho* I ca(e "! 0 0 0 sea0 I had a lovel! vo!a$e on 0 0 0 ,ueen EliFa"eth II0
+5 0 0 0 (ost o- 0 0 0 stories that 0 0 0 people tell a"out 0 0 0 Irish aren1t true0
+6 0 0 0 (arried couples %ith 0 0 0 children o-ten rent 0 0 0 cotta$es "! 0 0 0 seaside -or 0 0 0
su((er holida!s0
0 0 0 (en hire "oats and $o -or 0 0 0 trips alon$ 0 0 0 coast9 0 0 0 children spend 0 0 0 da! on 0 0 0
"each and 0 0 0 poor (others spend 0 0 0 (ost o- 0 0 0 ti(e doin$ 0 0 0 coo)in$ and cleanin$0
+# It1s usuall! sa-e to %al) on 0 0 0 sand* "ut here* %hen 0 0 0 tide is co(in$ in* 0 0 0 sand
"eco(es dan$erousl! so-t0 0 0 0 people have "een s%allo%ed up "! it0
+& :hen 0 0 0 .itanic %as crossin$ 0 0 0 Atlantic she struc) an ice"er$ %hich tore a hu$e
hole in her "o%0 0 0 0 captain ordered 0 0 0 cre% to help 0 0 0 passen$ers into 0 0 0 "oats0
+' Ever!%here 0 0 0 (an has cut do%n 0 0 0 -orests in order to cultivate 0 0 0 $round* or to
use 0 0 0 %ood as 0 0 0 -uel or as 0 0 0 "uildin$ (aterial0
30 But 0 0 0 inter-erence %ith 0 0 0 nature o-ten "rin$s 0 0 0 disaster0 0 0 0 tree--ellin$
so(eti(es turns 0 0 0 -ertile land into a dust"o%l0
31 0 0 0 people thin) that 0 0 0 lead is 0 0 0 heaviest (etal* "ut 0 0 0 $old is heavier0
3+ Gur air hostess said* 10 0 0 rac) is onl! -or 0 0 0 li$ht articles0 0 0 0 heav! thin$s such as 0 0
0 "ottles (ust "e put on 0 0 0 -loor01
33 0 0 0 %indo%s are supposed to let in 0 0 0 li$ht9 "ut 0 0 0 %indo%s o- this house are so
s(all that %e have to have 0 0 0 electric li$ht on all 0 0 0 ti(e0
34 .here111 al%a!s "e a con-lict "et%een 0 0 0 old and 0 0 0 !oun$0 0 0 0 !oun$ people %ant 0
0 0 chan$e "ut 0 0 0 old people %ant 0 0 0 thin$s to sta! 0 0 0 sa(e0
35 0 0 0 po%er tends to corrupt and 0 0 0 a"solute po%er corrupts a"solutel!0
36 Aou can -ool so(e o- 0 0 0 people all 0 0 0 ti(e* and all 0 0 0 people so(e o- 0 0 0 ti(e9 "ut
&
!ou cannot -ool all 0 0 0 people all 0 0 0 ti(e0
Articles: a/an, the
PEG 1-&
Insert a, an or the i- necessar!0
1 .here %as 0 0 0 )noc) on 0 0 0 door0 I opened it and -ound 0 0 0 s(all dar) (an in 0 0 0 "lue
overcoat and 0 0 0 %oollen cap0
+ <e said he %as 0 0 0 e(plo!ee o- 0 0 0 $as co(pan! and had co(e to read 0 0 0 (eter0
3 But I had 0 0 0 suspicion that he %asn1t spea)in$ 0 0 0 truth "ecause 0 0 0 (eter readers
usuall! %ear 0 0 0 pea)ed caps0
4 <o%ever* I too) hi( to 0 0 0 (eter* %hich is in 0 0 0 dar) corner under 0 0 0 stairs
I0 0 0 (eters are usuall! in 0 0 0 dar) corners under 0 0 0 stairsJ0
5 I as)ed i- he had 0 0 0 torch9 he said he disli)ed torches and al%a!s read 0 0 0 (eters "! 0 0
0 li$ht o- 0 0 0 (atch0
6 I re(ar)ed that i- there %as 0 0 0 lea) in 0 0 0 $aspipe there (i$ht "e 0 0 0 eplosion %hile
he %as readin$ 0 0 0 (eter0
# <e said* 1As 0 0 0 (atter o- 0 0 0 -act* there %as 0 0 0 eplosion in 0 0 0 last house I visited9
and 4r 2(ith* 0 0 0 o%ner o- 0 0 0 house* %as "urnt in 0 0 0 -ace01
& 14r 2(ith %as holdin$ 0 0 0 li$hted (atch at 0 0 0 ti(e o- 0 0 0 eplosion01
' .o prevent 0 0 0 possi"le repetition o- this accident* I lent hi( 0 0 0 torch0
10 <e s%itched on 0 0 0 torch* read 0 0 0 (eter and %rote 0 0 0 readin$ do%n on 0 0 0 "ac) o- 0
0 0 envelope0
11 I said in 0 0 0 surprise that 0 0 0 (eter readers usuall! put 0 0 0 readin$s do%n in 0 0 0 "oo)0
1+ <e said that he had had 0 0 0 "oo) "ut that it had "een "urnt in 0 0 0 -ire in 0 0 0 4r
2(ith1s house0
13 B! this ti(e I had co(e to 0 0 0 conclusion that he %asn1t 0 0 0 $enuine (eter reader9
and 0 0 0 (o(ent he le-t 0 0 0 house I ran$ 0 0 0 police0
14 Are Eohn and 4ar! 0 0 0 cousins@ ;
Ho* the! aren1t 0 0 0 cousins9 the! are 0 0 0 "rother and 0 0 0 sister0
15 0 0 0 -o$ %as so thic) that %e couldn1t see 0 0 0 side o- 0 0 0 road0 :e -ollo%ed 0 0 0 car in
-ront o- us and hoped that %e %ere $oin$ 0 0 0 ri$ht %a!0
16 I can1t re(e("er 0 0 0 eact date o- 0 0 0 stor(* "ut I )no% it %as 0 0 0 2unda! "ecause
ever!"od! %as at 0 0 0 church0 Gn 0 0 0 4onda! 0 0 0 post didn1t co(e "ecause 0 0 0 roads
%ere "loc)ed "! 0 0 0 -allen trees0
1# Peter thin)s that this is 8uite 0 0 0 cheap restaurant0
1& .here1s "een 0 0 0 (urder here0 ;
:here1s 0 0 0 "od!@;
.here isn1t 0 0 0 "od!0 ;
.hen ho% do !ou )no% there1s "een 0 0 0 (urder@
1' Hu("er 0 0 0 hundred and t%o* - 0 0 house net door to us* is -or sale0
It1s 8uite 0 - 0 nice house %ith 0 0 0 "i$ roo(s0 0 0 0 "ac) %indo%s loo) out on 0 0 0 par)0
+0 I don1t )no% %hat 0 0 0 price 0 0 0 o%ners are as)in$0 But ?r! and Kot are 0 0 0 a$ents0
Aou could $ive the( 0 0 0 rin$ and (a)e the( 0 0 0 o--er0
+1 0 0 0 post(an1s little "o! sa!s that he1d rather "e 0 0 0 dentist than 0 0 0 doctor* "ecause 0 0
0 dentists don1t $et called out at 0 0 0 ni$ht0
'
++ Eust as 0 0 0 air hostess (there was only one on the plane) %as handin$ (e 0 0 0 cup o- 0 0
0 co--ee 0 0 0 plane $ave 0 0 0 lurch and 0 0 0 co--ee %ent all over 0 0 0 person on 0 0 0 other
side o- 0 0 0 $an$%a!0
+3 .here %as 0 0 0 collision "et%een 0 0 0 car and 0 0 0 c!clist at 0 0 0 crossroads near 0 0 0 (!
house earl! in 0 0 0 (ornin$0 0 0 0 c!clist %as ta)en to 0 0 0 hospital %ith 0 0 0 concussion0
0 0 0 driver o- 0 0 0 car %as treated -or 0 0 0 shoc)0 0 0 0 %itnesses sa! that 0 0 0 car %as
$oin$ at 0 0 0 sevent! (iles 0 0 0 hour0
+4 Pro-essor Eones* 0 0 0 (an %ho discovered 0 0 0 ne% dru$ that ever!one is tal)in$ a"out*
re-used to $ive 0 0 0 press con-erence0
+5 Peter Piper* 0 0 0 student in 0 0 0 pro-essor1s colle$e* as)ed hi( %h! he re-used to tal)
to 0 0 0 press0
+6 :e1re $oin$ to 0 0 0 tea %ith 0 0 0 2(iths toda!* aren1t %e@ 2hall %e ta)e 0 0 0 car@ ;
:e can $o "! 0 0 0 car i- !ou %ash 0 0 0 car -irst0 :e can1t $o to 0 0 0 4rs 2(ith1s in 0 0 0
car all covered %ith 0 0 0 (ud0
+# <e $ot 0 0 0 jo" in 0 0 0 south and spent 0 0 0 net t%o !ears doin$ 0 0 0 %or) he reall!
enjo!ed0
+& It is 0 0 0 pleasure to do 0 0 0 "usiness %ith such 0 0 0 e--icient or$aniFation0
+' 0 0 0 da! a-ter 0 0 0 da! passed %ithout 0 0 0 ne%s* and %e "e$an to lose 000 hope0
30 :ould !ou li)e to hear 0 0 0 stor! a"out 0 0 0 En$lish(an* 0 0 0 Irish(an and 0 0 0
2cots(an@ ;
Ho0 I1ve heard 0 0 0 stories a"out 0 0 0 En$lish(en* 0 0 0 Irish(en and 0 0 0 2cots(en
"e-ore
and the! are all 0 0 0 sa(e0
31 But (ine is not 0 0 0 t!pical stor!0 In (! stor! 0 0 0 2cots(an is $enerous* 0 0 0 Irish(an
is lo$ical and 0 0 0 En$lish(an is ro(antic0 ;
Gh* i- it1s 0 0 0 -antastic stor! I1ll listen %ith 0 0 0 pleasure0
3+ 4! aunt lived on 0 0 0 $round -loor o- 0 0 0 old house on 0 0 0 Kiver .ha(es0 2he %as
ver! (uch a-raid o- 0 0 0 "ur$lars and al%a!s loc)ed up 0 0 0 house ver! care-ull!
"e-ore she %ent to 0 0 0 "ed0 2he also too) 0 0 0 precaution o- loo)in$ under 0 0 0 "ed to
see i- 0 0 0
"ur$lar %as hidin$ there0
33 10 0 0 (odern "ur$lars don1t hide under 0 0 0 "eds*1 said her dau$hter0
I1ll $o on loo)in$ just 0 0 0 sa(e*1 said (! aunt0
34 Gne (ornin$ she ran$ her dau$hter in 0 0 0 triu(ph0 1 -ound 0 0 0 "ur$lar under 0 0 0 "ed
0 0 0 last ni$ht*1 she said* 1and he %as 8uite 0 0 0 !oun$ (an01
35 0 0 0 apples are sold "! 0 0 0 pound0 .hese are -ort! pence 0 0 0 pound0
36 It %as 0 0 0 %ind! (ornin$ "ut the! hired 0 0 0 "oat and %ent -or 0 0 0 sail alon$ 0 0 0
coast0 In 0 0 - a-ternoon 0 0 0 %ind increased and the! soon -ound the(selves in 0 0 0
di--iculties0
Articles and possessive adjectives
PEG 1-&*6+-3
Insert a, an, the, or my, his, her, our, your, their i- necessar!0
1 <e too) o-- 0 0 0 coat and set to %or)0
+ :h! are !ou standin$ there %ith 0 0 0 hands in 0 0 0 poc)ets@
3 At (ost (eetin$s 0 0 0 people vote "! raisin$ 0 0 0 ri$ht hands0
4 .he "ullet struc) hi( in 0 0 0 -oot0
10
5 .he! tied 0 0 0 hands "ehind 0 0 0 "ac) and loc)ed hi( in a cellar0
6 <e too) 0 0 0 shoes o-- and entered on 0 0 0 tiptoe0
# 2o(eone thre% 0 0 0 e$$ %hich struc) the spea)er on 0 0 0 shoulder0
& I have 0 0 0 headache0
' I have 0 0 0 pain in 0 0 0 shoulder0
10 .he %indscreen %as s(ashed and the driver %as cut in 0 0 0 -ace "! "ro)en $lass0
11 <e %as 0 0 0 ver! tall (an %ith 0 0 0 dar) hair and 0 0 0 s(all "eard* "ut I couldn1t see 0 0
0 e!es "ecause he %as %earin$ 0 0 0 dar) $lasses0
1+ <e tore 0 0 0 trousers $ettin$ over a "ar"ed %ire -ence0
13 Brother and sister %ere 8uite unli)e each other0 <e had 0 0 0 -air %av! hair9 0 0 0 hair
%as dar) and strai$ht0
14 2he pulled 0 0 0 sleeve to attract his attention0
15 2he pulled hi( "! 0 0 0 sleeve0
16 1<ands upC1 said the (as)ed (an* and %e all put 0 0 0 hands up0
1# As) 0 0 0 %o(an in -ront o- !ou to ta)e o-- 0 0 0 hat0
1& <e stro)ed 0 0 0 chin thou$ht-ull!0
1' I- !ou1re too hot %h! don1t !ou ta)e o-- 0 0 0 coat@
+0 I sa% hi( raise 0 0 0 ri$ht hand and ta)e 0 0 0 oath0
+1 .he lioness "it hi( in 0 0 0 le$0
++ Aou should chan$e 0 0 0 %et shoes* or !ou1ll catch another cold0
+3 .here %as a shot and a police(an ca(e out %ith 0 0 0 "lood runnin$ do%n 0 0 0 -ace0
+4 :e shoo) 0 0 0 hands %ith 0 0 0 host0
+5 <e -ell o-- his horse and injured 0 0 0 "ac)0
+6 .he "ar(an seiFed the drun) "! 0 0 0 collar0
+# =eave 0 0 0 coats in 0 0 0 cloa)roo(9 don1t "rin$ the( into 0 0 0 theatre0
+& <e -ell do%n a -li$ht o- stairs and "ro)e 0 0 0 ri"0
+' <e pointed to a %o(an in 0 0 0 $reen dress0
30 <e is 0 0 0 thorou$hl! sel-ish (an9 he %ouldn1t li-t 0 0 0 -in$er to help an!one0
31 Aou1ll strain 0 0 0 e!es i- !ou read in 0 0 0 "ad li$ht0
3+ 2he %as on 0 0 0 )nees* scru""in$ 0 0 0 )itchen -loor0
33 <e has 0 0 0 horri"le jo"9 I %ouldn1t li)e to "e in 0 0 0 shoes0
34 Aou1ve $ot 0 0 0 shirt on inside out0
35 1Pull up 0 0 0 soc)s*1 said his (other0
36 I hit 0 0 0 thu(" %ith a ha((er %hen I %as han$in$ the picture0
a/an and one
PEG 4
Insert a/an or one i- necessar!0
1 0 0 0 o- (! -riends advised (e to ta)e 0 0 0 tai9 another said that there %as 8uite 0 0 0
$ood "us service0
+ 0 0 0 -riend o- (ine lent (e 0 0 0 "oo) "! 4eredith0 I1ve onl! 0 0 0 (ore chapter to read0
:ould !ou li)e 0 0 0 loan o- it a-ter%ards@;
Ho* than)s0 I read 0 0 0 o- his "oo)s 0 0 0 -e% !ears a$o and didn1t li)e it0 Besides I have 0
11
0 0 li"rar! "oo) to -inish0 I- I don1t ta)e it "ac) to(orro% I1ll have to pa! 0 0 0 -ine0
3 0 0 0 (an I (et on the train told (e 0 0 0 rather unusual stor!0
4 4ost people li)e 0 0 0 rest a-ter 0 0 0 hard da!1s %or)* "ut .o( see(ed to have 0 0 0
inehausti"le suppl! o- ener$!0
5 I1ve told !ou 0 0 0 hundred ti(es not to co(e into 0 0 0 roo( %ith 0 0 0 hat on0
6 It1s unluc)! to li$ht three ci$arettes %ith 0 0 0 (atch0 ;
.hat1s onl! 0 0 0 superstition0 Gnl! 0 0 0 idiot "elieves in superstitions0
# <e sa!s 0 0 0 caravan is no $ood9 he needs 0 0 0 cotta$e0
& 0 0 0 plate is no $ood9 %e need 0 0 0 doFen0
' =ast ti(e there %as 0 0 0 -o$ here 0 0 0 plane crash-landed in 0 0 0 -ield near the airport0
.he cre% had 0 0 0 luc)! escape0 0 0 0 (an "ro)e his le$9 the rest %ere unhurt0
10 Aou1ve "een 0 0 0 $reat help to (e9 0 0 0 da! I %ill repa! !ou0
11 4! car "ro)e do%n near 0 0 0 "us stop0 .here %as 0 0 0 (an %aitin$ -or 0 0 0 "us so I
as)ed hi( -or 0 0 0 advice0
1+ <e too) 0 0 0 8uic) loo) at (! car and said* 1Bu! 0 0 0 ne% 0 0 0 01
13 .here %as 0 0 0 %o(an there0 .he rest %ere (en0 ;
.here shouldn1t have "een even 0 0 0 %o(an0 It %as (eant to "e 0 0 0 sta$ part!0
14 ?on1t tell 0 0 0 soulC Hot even !our %i-eC ;
G- course notC I1d never tell 0 0 0 secret to 0 0 0 %o(an0
15 4ost o- the sta-- had "een there -or onl! 0 0 0 ver! short ti(e* "ut 0 0 0 (an had "een
there 0 0 0 !ear and 0 0 0 hal-* so he )ne% 0 0 0 little (ore than the rest0
16 3ould !ou lend (e 0 0 0 dictionar!* please@ I1( tr!in$ to do 0 0 0 cross%ord puFFle0 ;
I1( a-raid I1ve onl! $ot 0 0 0 dictionar!* and .o(1s "orro%ed it0
1# 0 0 0 chop %on1t "e enou$h -or .o(9 he1ll %ant t%o9 he1s 0 0 0 s(all (an "ut he1s $ot 0 0 0
"i$ appetite0
1& 1 %ant 0 0 0 volunteers -or 0 0 0 dan$erous jo"*1 said the captain0
.here %as 0 0 0 lon$ silence0
1Isn1t there even 0 0 0 (an %ho %ill ta)e 0 0 0 ris)@1 he as)ed0
0 0 0 voice called out -ro( the "ac)* 1:ill there "e 0 0 0 re%ard@1
1' I have 0 0 0 -lat on the top -loor0 Aou $et 0 0 0 lovel! vie% -ro( there0
+0 0 0 0 da! a ne% director arrived0 <e %as 0 0 0 a("itious* "ad-te(pered (an* and the
sta-- too) 0 0 0 instant disli)e to hi(0
+1 2uddenl! 0 0 0 "ullet struc) 0 0 0 street la(p 0 0 0 little to Bill1s le-t0 <e loo)ed up and
sa% 0 0 0 (an %ith 0 0 0 $un standin$ at 0 0 0 open %indo%0
++ Bill -ired "ac) t%ice0 0 0 0 "ullet hit the %all* the other "ro)e 0 0 0 pane o- 0 0 0 $lass0 <e
heard 0 0 0 an$r! shout0
+3 0 0 0 da!>it %as 0 0 0 dr! da! %ith 0 0 0 $ood visi"ilit!>.o( %as drivin$ alon$ 0 0 0
countr! road in 0 0 0 "orro%ed car0
+4 Aou1re (a)in$ 0 0 0 (ista)e a-ter another0 <ave !ou 0 0 0 han$over* or so(ethin$@ ;
Ho* "ut I had 0 0 0 ver! "ad ni$ht last ni$ht0 .he people net door %ere havin$ 0 0 0
part!0 ;
0 0 0 "ad ni$ht shouldn1t have such 0 0 0 e--ect on !our %or)0 I o-ten have three "ad
ni$hts in succession0 I live in 0 0 0 ver! nois! street0
Auxiliary Verbs
Auxiliary verbs
PEG 106-#
1+
Auiliaries here are used "oth alone and as part o- various tenses o- ordinar! ver"s0
Kead the -ollo%in$ IaJ in the ne$ative I"J in the interro$ative0 .hese sentences* ecept
-or nos0 I and 13* could also "e used -or 8uestion ta$ eercises Isee Eercise 13J0
Hote:
1 may -or possi"ilit! rarel! "e$ins a sentence0 Instead %e use do !ou thin) IthatJ /
present/-uture or is / su"ject / li)el! / in-initive:
.o( (a! )no%0
?o !ou thin) IthatJ .o( )no%s@
Is .o( li)el! to )no%@
+ 7se needn't as the ne$ative o- must.
1 It (a! cost D1000
+ 4en should help %ith the house%or)0
3 .o( %ould pa! her0
4 .he! could pla! the $uitar0
5 :e1re seein$ 4ar! to(orro%0
6 2he ou$ht to )eep it in the - rid$e0
# Aou can understand it0
& .he police %ere %atchin$ the house0
' Aou can $o %ith hi(0
10 .he!1ve $ot a house0
11 Aour "oss %ill "e an$r!0
1+ .o( should pa! the -ine0
13 .he! (a! co(e toni$ht0
14 .he! %ere cleanin$ their shoes0
15 <e (ust %rite in 5rench0
16 Aou have read the instructions0
1# .hese pearls are (ade "! o!sters0
1& .he ice %as thic) enou$h to %al) on0
1' .his %ill ta)e a lon$ ti(e0
+0 .he! (a! (permission) ta)e the car0
+1 Aou1ve (ade a (ista)e0
++ Ann %ould li)e a s)iin$ holida!0
+3 :e (ust do it at once0
+4 .o( could co(e0
+5 .he! %ere in a hurr!0
+6 .here is enou$h salt in it0
+# Aou could see the sea -ro( the house0
+& Ann %ill "e a"le to drive !ou0
+' .he! had %ritten to hi(0
30 :e (ust coo) it in "utter0
31 It is -reeFin$0
3+ 2he ou$ht to accept the o--er0
33 .here111 "e ti(e -or tea0
34 I1( ri$ht0
35 <e (a! "e at ho(e0
36 <e used to live here0

13
Auxiliaries conjugated ith !%(!%es(!i!
PEG 106-#* 1+3* 1+6 Isee also Eercise 1#J
2o(e auiliaries %hen used in certain %a!s (a)e their ne$ative and interro$ative
accordin$ to the rule -or ordinar! ver"s* i0e0 %ith do.
2o(eti(es either -or( is possi"le0
4a)e the sentences IaJ ne$ative and I"J interro$ative* usin$ do/does/did0
1 .he! have e$$s -or "rea)-ast0
+ <e needs a ne% coat0
3 <e used to sell -ruit0
4 .he! have to %or) hard0
5 2he does the house%or)0
6 <e needs (ore (one!0
# <e had a ro% %ith his "oss0
& 2he had a heart attac)0
' <er hair needed cuttin$0
10 <e does his ho(e%or) a-ter supper0
11 2he has a sin$in$ lesson ever! %ee)0
1+ 2he had to (a)e a speech0
13 <e does his "est0
14 <e has to $et up at si ever! da!0
15 .he children have dinner at school0
16 2he dared hi( to cli(" it0
1# Aou did it on purpose0
1& <e has his piano tuned re$ularl!* (see 119)
1' <e dares to sa! thatC
+0 .he! had a $ood ti(e0
+1 .he drin) did hi( $ood0
++ 4! %atch needs cleanin$0
+3 <e had an accident0
+4 Aou had !our house painted0
+5 2he used to (a)e her o%n clothes0
+6 Aou do the eercises0
+# <e had di--icult! IinJ $ettin$ a jo"0
+& <e dared to interrupt the president* did he@ IOmit final did he@J
Auxiliary verbs
PEG 106-#
Put the -ollo%in$ ver"s into the past tense0 IAuiliaries are used "oth "! the(selves
and
as part o- certain -or(s and tenses o- ordinar! ver"s0J
7se had to as the past tense o- must and didn't need as a past tense o- needn't.
1 <e isn1t %or)in$ hard0
+ 2he doesn1t li)e cats0
3 I can1t sa! an!thin$0
14
4 :e (ust read it care-ull!0
5 <e %on1t help us0
6 <e can li-t it easil!0
# It isn1t -ar -ro( =ondon0
& Isn1t it too heav! to carr!@
' <e needn1t pa! at once0
10 <e hopes that .o( %ill "e there0 I<e hoped 0 0 0J
11 <o% (uch does this cost@
1+ <e sa!s that Ann (a! "e there0 I<e said 0 0 :J
13 <o% old is he@
14 ?o !ou see an! di--erence@
15 I do %hat I can0
16 <o% -ar can !ou s%i(@
1# I (ust chan$e (! shoes0
1& .o( dares not co(plain0
1' I don1t dare ItoJ touch it0
+0 <ave !ou ti(e to do it@
+1 Are !ou -ri$htened@
++ 4ust !ou pa! -or it !oursel-@
+3 .he letter needn1t "e t!ped0
+4 :e hope that he1ll co(e0 I:e hoped0 0 0J
+5 <e sa!s that she (a! not "e in ti(e0 I<e said that she 0 0 0J
+6 ?o !ou understand %hat he is sa!in$@ I don1t0
+# .here are accidents ever! da! at these crossroads0
+& 2he thin)s that it (a! cost D1000 I2he thou$ht that it 0 0 0J
+' ?oesn1t 4r Pitt )no% !our address@
30 .he! aren1t epectin$ (e* are the!@
31 <e thin)s that the sna)es (a! "e dan$erous* (see 28)
3+ 2he %ants to )no% i- she can "orro% the car0 I2he %anted to )no% i-000J
33 3an1t !ou (ana$e on D100 a %ee)@
34 .o( is certain that he %ill %in0
35 3an !ou read the notice@ Ho* I can1t0
36 I don1t thin) that the "ull %ill attac) us0
Auxiliary verbs
PEG 10&
Ans%er the -ollo%in$ 8uestions IaJ in the a--ir(ative I"J in the ne$ative* in each case
repeatin$ the auiliar! and usin$ a pronoun as su"ject0
?o !ou need this@ ; Yes, I do!o, I don"t.
3an .o( s%i(@ - Yes, he #an!o, he #an"t.
Hote also:
Is that Bill@ ; Yes, it is!o, it isn"t.
:ill there "e ti(e@ ; Yes, there will!o, there won"t.
7se needn't in # and 150 7se must in +6 and 350
1 Is the %ater deep@
15
+ ?o !ou )no% the %a!@
3 3an !ou s%i(@
4 ?oes he co(e ever! da!@
5 Is that .o( over there@
6 Are !ou .o(1s "rother@
# 4ust !ou $o@
& Are !ou enjo!in$ !ourselves@
' ?id he see !ou@
10 :ould D10 "e enou$h@
11 4a! I "orro% !our car@
1+ Is this the -ront o- the 8ueue@
13 :ill she "e there@
14 ?o !ou pla! cards@
15 2hould I tell the police@
16 3an !ou coo)@
1# Are !ou read!@
1& 3ould %o(en join the clu"@
1' Is !our na(e Pitt@
+0 :ere the! -ri$htened@
+1 :ill his (other "e there@
++ Gu$ht I to $et a ne% one@
+3 2hould I tell hi( the truth@
+4 :as the driver )illed@
+5 <ave !ou an! (one!@
+6 Heed %e -inish the eercise@
+# 7sed he to ride in races@
+& :ould !ou li)e to see hi(@
+' Is this !ours@
30 ?o !ou %ant it@
31 3an I ta)e it@
3+ :ill !ou "rin$ it "ac) to(orro%@
33 Are !ou -ree this evenin$@
34 A( I in !our %a!@
35 Heed I %ear a tie@
36 :as that Bill on the phone@
Additions to re!ar"s, using auxiliary verbs
PEG 11+
Part I Add to the -ollo%in$ re(ar)s usin$ (and so / the noun/pronoun in "rac)ets /
the auiliar!0 I- there is an auiliar! in the -irst re(ar) repeat this9 i- not use
do/does/did0
<e lives in =ondon0 IIJ <e lives in =ondon and so do 1.
<e had to %ait0 I!ouJ <e had to %ait and so had you.
1 I have read it0 IEohnJ
+ <e is a %riter* IsheJ
3 .o( can spea) :elsh* Ihis %i-eJ
4 2he ou$ht to $et up0 I!ouJ
16
5 I should "e %earin$ a seat "elt0 I!ouJ
6 Eohn %ill "e there0 I.o(J
# .he -irst "us %as -ull0 Ithe secondJ
& I "ou$ht a tic)et* I(! "rotherJ
' Aou (ust co(e0 I!our sonJ
10 .his "us $oes to Piccadill!0 IthatJ
11 I1( $ettin$ out at the net stop0 I(! -riendJ
1+ <e used to %or) in a restaurant0 I1J
Part ! Add to the -ollo%in$ re(ar)s usin$ IandJ neither/nor / the auiliar! / the noun/
pronoun in "rac)ets0
<e isn1t "ac)0 IsheJ <e isn1t "ac) and neither is she.
13 I haven1t seen it0 I.o(J
14 Aou shouldn1t "e %atchin$ .60 I.o(J
15 Aou (ustn1t "e late0 I1J
16 <e can1t co(e0 Ihis sisterJ
1# I don1t "elieve it0 IAnnJ
1& Alice couldn1t understand0 IAndre%J
1' I1( not $oin$* I!ouJ
+0 .his telephone doesn1t %or)0 IthatJ
+1 .o(1s car %on1t start0 I(ineJ
++ I hadn1t an! chan$e0 Ithe tai driverJ
+3 <e didn1t )no% the %a!0 Ian!one elseJ
+4 4! -ather %ouldn1t (ind0 I(! (otherJ
Part " 3ontrar! additions0
Add to the -ollo%in$ re(ar)s usin$ but / noun/pronoun / the auiliar! or do/does/did.
4a)e a ne$ative addition to an a--ir(ative re(ar):
2he than)ed (e0 IheJ 2he than)ed (e $ut he didn"t.
4a)e an a--ir(ative addition to a ne$ative re(ar):
2he can1t eat o!sters0 IIJ 2he can1t eat o!sters $ut I #an.
7se needn1t as the ne$ative o- (ust* and (ust as the a--ir(ative o- needn1t0
+5 Eohn %as seasic)0 I4ar!J
+6 <e %asn1t there* IsheJ
+# Aou (ust $o0 I!our "rotherJ
+& 4! sister can spea) Ger(an0 IIJ
+' Aleander didn1t %ant to %ait0 IEa(esJ
30 Bill needn1t sta!0 I2tanle!J
31 A cat %ouldn1t eat it0 Ia do$J
3+ <e %ill enjo! it0 Ihis %i-eJ
33 I haven1t $ot a co(puter* I(! nei$h"ourJ
34 .his "each is sa-e -or "athin$* Ithat "eachJ
35 I (ust leave earl!* I!ouJ
36 Aou don1t have to pa! ta0 IIJ
Agree!ents and disagree!ents ith re!ar"s, using auxiliary
verbs
1#
PEG 10'
Part I A$ree(ents %ith a--ir(ative re(ar)s0
A$ree %ith the -ollo%in$ re(ar)s* usin$ yes/so / pronoun / the auiliar! or
do/does/did0 .o epress surprise* use Gh* so 0 0 0
<e has a $ood in-luence on her0 - Yes, he has.
1 :e (ust have a lar$e roo(0
+ I %as ver! rude0
3 2he al%a!s %ears dar) $lasses0
4 2he (a! "e a sp!0
5 .o( could tell us %here to $o0
6 .here1s a sna)e in that "as)et0
# <e needs si "ottles0
& .his "oat is lea)in$C
' <is revolver %as loaded0
10 .his restaurant (i$ht "e epensive0
11 .he! used to have a parrot0
1+ .he -o$ is $ettin$ thic)er0

Part ! A$ree(ents %ith ne$ative re(ar)s0 A$ree %ith the -ollo%in$ re(ar)s*
usin$ no / pronoun / the auiliar!0
Elephants never -or$et0 ; !o, they don"t.
13 3uc)oos don1t "uild nests0
14 <e didn1t co(plain0
15 It isn1t %orth )eepin$0
16 <e can1t help cou$hin$0
1# .he ice %asn1t thic) enou$h0
1& .he li-t %ouldn1t co(e do%n0
1' .his -lat hasn1t $ot ver! thic) %alls0
+0 .he! don1t have earth8ua)es there0
+1 .he oran$es didn1t loo) ver! $ood0
++ It hasn1t "een a "ad su((er0
+3 I don1t loo) (! a$e0
+4 <e (i$htn1t li)e that colour0
Part " ?isa$ree(ents %ith a--ir(ative or ne$ative re(ar)s0 ?isa$ree %ith
the -ollo%in$ re(ar)s* usin$ oh no/but / pronoun / auiliar!0 7se a ne$ative
auiliar!
i- the -irst ver" is a--ir(ative and an a--ir(ative auiliar! i- the -irst ver" is ne$ative0
<e %on1t "e an! use0 ; (Oh) yes, he will.
2he %or)ed here -or a !ear0 - (Oh) no, she didn"t.
+5 Aou1re drun)0
+6 I didn1t do it on purpose0
+# .he! %eren1t in !our %a!0
1&
+& I %asn1t "orn then0
+' 2he1d rather live alone0
30 Aou $ave hi( (! address0
31 I can use !our "ic!cle0
3+ .hat -ive pound note "elon$s to (e0
33 <e didn1t (ean to "e rude0
34 3hildren $et too (uch poc)et (one!0
35 Ea(s should "e a"olished0
36 2he pro(ised to o"e! hi(0
#uestion tags a$ter negative state!ents
PE% &&'
Add 8uestion ta$s to the -ollo%in$ state(ents0
Bill doesn1t )no% Ann0
%ill doesn"t know &nn, does he'
Ann hasn1t $ot a phone0
&nn hasn "t got a phone, has she'
this/that Isu"jectJ "eco(es it in the ta$0 there re(ains unchan$ed:
(hat isn"t (om, is it'
(here won"t $e time, will there'
All the ta$s* ecept the ta$ -or no0 30* should "e spo)en in the usual %a! %ith a
state(ent intonation0 But the! could also "e practised %ith a 8uestion intonation0 .he
i(portant %ord in the state(ent (ust then "e stressed0
1 Aou aren1t a-raid o- sna)es0
+ Ann isn1t at ho(e0
3 Aou don1t )no% 5rench0
4 .o( didn1t see her0
5 .his isn1t !ours0
6 4ar! %asn1t an$r!0
# Bill hasn1t had "rea)-ast0
& Aou %on1t tell an!one0
' I didn1t %a)e !ou up0
10 .o( doesn1t li)e o!sters0
11 Aou don1t %ant to sell the house0
1+ It doesn1t hurt0
13 People shouldn1t drin) and drive0
14 Aou aren1t $oin$ alone0
15 .he! couldn1t pa! the rent0
16 Aou don1t a$ree %ith Bill0
1# .here %asn1t a lot to do0
1& I needn1t sa! an!thin$0
1' .hat %asn1t Ann on the phone0
+0 Aou didn1t do it on purpose0
+1 .his %on1t ta)e lon$0
++ 2he doesn1t "elieve !ou0
1'
+3 It didn1t (atter ver! (uch0
+4 <e shouldn1t put so (uch salt in it0
+5 4ar! couldn1t leave the children alone0
+6 Aou aren1t doin$ an!thin$ toni$ht0
+# Aou %ouldn1t (ind helpin$ (e %ith this0
+& Geor$e hadn1t "een there "e-ore0
+' .he children %eren1t surprised0
30 Aou %ouldn1t li)e another drin)0
31 .o( doesn1t have to $o to lectures0
3+ Bill hasn1t $ot a car0
33 Bill couldn1t have prevented it0
34 I needn1t %ait an! lon$er0
35 .here %eren1t an! (os8uitoes0
36 .he -ire %asn1t started deli"eratel!0

#uestion tags a$ter a$$ir!ative state!ents
PE%&&'
Add 8uestion ta$s to the -ollo%in$ state(ents:
.o( $oes to Bath 8uite o-ten* doesn "t he'
<e told !ou a"out his last trip* didn "t he'
It %as ver! cold last ni$ht* wasn "t it'
Be care-ul o- the contractions 1s and 'd:
<e1s read!* isn "t he' <e1s -inished* hasn "t he'
<e1d seen it* hadn"t he' <e1d li)e it* wouldn"t he'
.hese should "e practised (ainl! %ith a state(ent intonation* "ut the! could also "e
said
%ith a 8uestion intonation0 2ee notes to previous eercise0
1 .he children can read 5rench0
+ <e1s ten !ears old0
3 Bill ca(e on a "ic!cle0
4 .he 2(iths have $ot t%o cars0
5 Aour $rand-ather %as a (illionaire0
6 .o( should tr! a$ain0
# It could "e done0
& Aour "rother1s here0
' .hat1s hi( over there0
10 Geor$e can leave his case here0
11 .his %ill -it in !our poc)et0
1+ <is %i-e has headaches 8uite o-ten0
13 2he1s $ot lovel! "lue e!es0
14 .he t%ins arrived last ni$ht0
15 4ar! paints portraits0
+0
16 Bill puts the (one! in the "an)0
1# Bill put the (one! in the "an)0
1& Prices )eep $oin$ up0
1' I1ve seen !ou "e-ore0
+0 Bill1s %ritten a novel0
+1 <is (other1s ver! proud o- hi(0
++ .he t%ins used to pla! ru$"!0
+3 .o( (i$ht "e at ho(e no%0
+4 :e (ust hurr!0
+5 Aou1d "een there "e-ore0
+6 Aou1d li)e a drin)0
+# .he "o!s pre-er a coo)ed "rea)-ast0
+& 4ar! ou$ht to coo) it -or the(0
+' .hat %as Ann on the phone0
30 .he 2(iths need t%o cars0
31 Aou1ll help (e0
3+ <e used to eat ra% -ish0
33 .here111 "e plent! -or ever!one0
34 Aou1d "etter %ait -or Bill0
35 Aou1d co(e i- I needed help0
36 Aou could co(e at short notice0
#uestion tags: !ixed
PEG 110
2ee notes to Eercises 1+ and 130
Hote that a state(ent containin$ %ords such as none, nobody, hardly/hardly any etc0 is
treated as a ne$ative state(ent:
<e hardl! ever (a)es a (ista)e* does he@
:hen the su"ject is nobody/anybody/everybody etc0* the pronoun the! is used in the
ta$:
Ho"od! li)ed the pla!* did the!@
Add 8uestion ta$s to the -ollo%in$ state(ents0
1 Aou ta)e su$ar in tea0
+ But !ou don1t ta)e it in co--ee0
3 .he li-t isn1t %or)in$ toda!0
4 It never %or)s ver! %ell0
5 .he area %as evacuated at once0
6 .here %as no panic0
# .hou$h ever!"od! realiFed the dan$er0
& .here %as a lot o- noise0
' But no"od! co(plained0
10 4ar! hardl! ever coo)s0
11 2he "u!s convenience -oods0
1+ 2he1d save (one! i- she "ou$ht -resh -ood0
13 4r 2(ith usuall! re(e("ered his %i-e1s "irthda!s0
+1
14 But he didn1t re(e("er this one0
15 And his %i-e %as ver! disappointed0
16 <e ou$ht to have (ade a note o- it0
1# Heither o- the( o--ered to help !ou0
1& .he! don1t allo% pet do$s in this shop0
1' But $uide do$s can co(e in0
+0 <e hardl! ever leaves the house0
+1 .hat isn1t Bill drivin$0
++ Hothin$ %ent %ron$0
+3 =ions are loose in this reserve0
+4 2o %e1d "etter $et "ac) in the car0
+5 It1d "e unpleasant to "e attac)ed "! a lion0
+6 And it %ouldn1t "e an! use runnin$ a%a!0
+# It is a pit! Ann didn1t co(e %ith us0
+& 2he1d have enjo!ed it0
+' .he! should have planned the epedition (ore care-ull!0
30 =ives %ere lost unnecessaril!0
31 2he %arned hi( not to ride the stallion0
3+ But he never ta)es advice0
33 .here used to "e trees here0
34 .here isn1t an! point in %aitin$0
35 <e1ll hardl! co(e no%0
36 Aour central heatin$ doesn1t %or) ver! %ell0
Auxiliaries $olloed by $ull or bare in$initive
PEG +46
Put to %here necessar! "e-ore the in-initives in "rac)ets0
1 Aou needn1t Ico(eJ to(orro%0
+ People used ItravelJ on horse"ac)0
3 I1ll have Ihurr!J0
4 Aou ou$ht Ita)eJ a holida!0
5 I1ll IlendJ hi( so(e (one!0
6 Aou are I$oJ at once0
# :e didn1t have Ipa!J an!thin$0
& .here %on1t I"eJ enou$h roo( -or ever!one0
' Aou can IseeJ the %ind(ill -ro( here0
10 <e %as a"le IeplainJ0
11 :e (a! have Ista!J here all ni$ht0
1+ <e used IspendJ a lot o- ti(e in his li"rar!0
13 <e didn1t dare Isa!J an!thin$0
14 ?on1t I(oveJ0
15 :e1ll Iloo)J -or a hotel0
16 Aou needn1t Iloo)J -or a hotel9 I1ll "e a"le IputJ !ou up0
1# .he doctor said that I ou$ht I$ive upJ s(o)in$0
1& <e used to drin) 8uite a lot0
1' <e should I"eJ read! "! no%0
++
+0 4a! I Ias)J !ou a 8uestion@
+1 I shan1t "e a"le IdoJ it till a-ter the holida!s0
++ I didn1t need Isa!J an!thin$0
+3 <o% dare !ou IopenJ (! lettersC
+4 .he! ou$ht I%arnJ people a"out the dan$erous currents0
+5 I should Isa!J nothin$ a"out it i- I %ere !ou0
+6 Aou are not I(entionJ this to an!one0
+# :h! do the! Io"e!J hi(@;
.he! don1t dare Ire-useJ0
+& Aou (ust Iloo)J "oth %a!s "e-ore crossin$ the road0
+' Aour (ap (a! Ihave "eenJ out o- date0
30 Aou ou$ht Ihave -inishedJ it last ni$ht0
31 I (ust Isa!J I thin) !ou "ehaved ver! "adl!0
3+ I %ill have Icarr!J a tent0
33 :e1ve $ot I$et outJ0
34 It (i$ht I)illJ so(e"od!0
35 Gu$ht !ou I"eJ %atchin$ .6@
36 2houldn1t !ou I"eJ doin$ !our ho(e%or)@
Auxiliaries: !ixed
PEG chapters 11-16
5ill each o- the -ollo%in$ $aps %ith a suita"le auiliar! or auiliar! -or(0
1 2chool"o! to -riend: I le-t (! "oo) at ho(e0 0 0 0 I share !ours@
+ I1( ta)in$ s%i((in$ lessons0 I hope to 0 0 0 to s%i( "! the end o- the (onth0
3 Aou 0 0 0 "etter ta)e o-- !our %et shoes0
4 I1( sorr! I1( late0 I 0 0 0 to %ait a$es -or a "us0
5 .eacher: Aou 0 0 0 (o$ligation) read the pla!* "ut !ou 0 0 0 (no o$ligation) read
the pre-ace0
6 I )ne% he %as %ron$ "ut I 0 0 0 (hadn "t the #ourage) to tell hi( so0
# Aou1re $ettin$ -at0 Aou 0 0 0 to cut do%n on !our "eer drin)in$0
& <e 0 0 0 to s(o)e ver! heavil!0 Ho% he hardl! s(o)es at all0
' .he ne% (otor%a! 0 0 0 opened this a-ternoon* (plan)
10 I1ve co(e %ithout an! (one!0 0 0 0 !ou possi"l! lend (e D5@
11 Ann: 0 0 0 %e (eet at Piccadill! 3ircus@
1+ .o(: It 0 0 0 "e "etter to (eet at the theatre0 :e 0 0 0 (iss one another at Piccadill!0
13 0 0 0 !ou li)e to co(e canoein$ %ith (e net %ee)end@
14 4ar!: I 0 0 0 to pa! +0p0 -or this little chap on the "us !esterda!0
15 Ann: 4! little "o!1s under three so I 0 0 0 (!o o$ligation. )se present tense.) to pa!
-or hi(0
16 .he plane 0 0 0 landed (unfulfilled plan) at <eathro%* "ut it has "een diverted to
Gat%ic)0
1# Aou1ve spelt it %ron$0 .here 0 0 0 "e another 1s10
1& Aou 0 0 0 told (eC (I"m disappointed that you didn"t tell me.)
1' :e 0 0 0 to ta)e a tai0 Gther%ise %e1ll "e late0
+0 At the holida! ca(p %e 0 0 0 to $et up at si and "athe in the river0
.hen %e 0 0 0 co(e "ac) and coo) an enor(ous "rea)-ast* (routine a#tions)
+3
+1 .o( 0 0 0 )no% the address0 ((om pro$a$ly knows.)
++ .o( 0 0 0 )no% the address0 (I"m sure that (om knows.)
+3 I1ve lost (! u("rellaC I 0 0 0 le-t it on the "usC (dedu#tion)
+4 .heatre re$ulations: At the end o- the per-or(ance the pu"lic 0 0 0 (are permitted to)
leave "! all eit doors0
+5 I- I 0 0 0 !ou I1d $et a tai0
+6 ?id !ou paint it !oursel- or did !ou 0 0 0 it painted@
+# Aou 0 0 0 (negati*e) to "e drivin$ so -ast0 .here1s a speed li(it here0
+& Aou 0 0 0 (re+uest) $et (e so(e aspirin %hen !ou1re at the che(ist1s0
have: possessive
PEG 1++
In British En$lish* have (eanin$ possess is not nor(all! conju$atec %ith do ecept %hen
there is an idea o- ha"it0
/ ha*en"t (got) a %atch* Ipresent possessionJ
<o% (an! corners has a Ia characteristic rather than a ha"it cu"e@
<e doesn "t usuall! ha*e ti(e Iha"itJ to stud!0
In the past* did is used -or ha"it9 other%ise either -or( is possi"le:
,id you ha*e-ad you an u("rella %hen !ou le-t the house@
In other En$lish-spea)in$ countries* ho%ever* the do -or(s are used al(ost eclusivel!0
It %ould there-ore "e possi"le to use do/did -or(s throu$hout the -ollo%in$ eercises
Iecept in no0 +#J* "ut students are as)ed to use have not/have you -or(s %here the!
could "e used0 :here "oth are e8uall! usual this %ill "e noted in the )e!0
5ill the spaces %ith the correct -or(s o- have* addin$ $ot %here possi"le0 Gnl! one space
%ill "e le-t in each clause* "ut note that got (a! "e separated -ro( have "! another
%ord0 :hen a ne$ative -or( is re8uired "(negati*e)" %ill "e placed at the end o- the
ea(ple0
1 <e is standin$ there in the rain and 0 0 0 even the sense to put up his u("rella*
(negati*e)
+ <e 0 0 0 a cold in the head0 ;
.hat1s nothin$ ne%9 he al%a!s 0 0 0 a cold0
3 I 0 0 0 "rain%aves ver! o-ten* "ut I 0 0 0 one no%0 (1st *er$ negati*e)
4 It is no $ood ar$uin$ %ith so(eone %ho 0 0 0 a "ee in his "onnet0
5 :h! don1t !ou sa! so(ethin$@ Aou 0 0 0 an ecuse@ (negati*e)
6 Aou 0 0 0 this toothache !esterda!@
# <o% (an! letters 0 0 0 the alpha"et@
& .he houses in !our countr! 0 0 0 -lat roo-s@
' Aou 0 0 0 the ti(e@ I L ?o !ou )no% the ti(e@J -
Ho* I 0 0 0 a %atch* (negati*e)
+4
10 Aou ever 0 0 0 an i(pulse to s(ash so(ethin$@
11 <e 0 0 0 D1*000 a !ear %hen his -ather dies0
1+ Air passen$ers usuall! 0 0 0 (uch lu$$a$e* (negati*e)
13 Aou 0 0 0 an! o"jection to sittin$ %ith !our "ac) to the en$ine@
14 G!sters 0 0 0 al%a!s pearls in the(0 (negati*e)
15 Aour door 0 0 0 a little hole throu$h %hich !ou can peep at callers@ (negati*e)
16 Aou 0 0 0 a (atch on !ou@ ;
Ho* I don1t s(o)e so I never 0 0 0 (atches0
1# :hat is !our opinion@ ;
I 0 0 0 an opinion@ (negati*e)
1& .hat cup 0 0 0 a crac) in it0
1' Aou 0 0 0 an! suspicion %ho did it@
+0 .his des) 0 0 0 a secret dra%er@ ;
Ho* (odern des)s ever 0 0 0 secret dra%ers0 (negati*e)
+1 :hen !ou $o to a place -or the -irst ti(e* !ou ever 0 0 0 a -eelin$ that !ou1ve "een there
"e-ore@
++ Ba"ies 0 0 0 teeth %hen the!1re "orn@
+3 <o% (an! sides 0 0 0 a penta$on@
+4 Gur cat 0 0 0 )ittens ever! !ear0 ;
<o% (an! she 0 0 0 each ti(e@
+5 .he! sa! that i- children 0 0 0 co(plete -reedo( %hen the! are !oun$* the! 0 0 0
inhi"itions %hen the! $ro% up0 (2nd *er$ negati*e)
+6 Aou 0 0 0 (os8uitoes in !our countr! in su((er@
+# Aou 0 0 0 children@;
Aes* I 0 0 0 t%o* a "o! and a $irl0
+& Aou 0 0 0 a (otor c!cle@ ;
Ho* I onl! 0 0 0 an ordinar! "ic!cle* "ut I 0 0 0 a (otor c!cle net !ear0
+' :h! do !ou suddenl! %ant to "ac) out@ Aou 0 0 0 cold -eet@
30 3usto(er: Aou 0 0 0 an! (ushroo(s toda!@
2hop)eeper: :e usuall! 0 0 0 the( "ut I1( a-raid %e 0 0 0 an! at the (o(ent0
(last *er$ negati*e)
31 I thin) I )no% the (an !ou (ean0 <e 0 0 0 one "lue e!e and one "ro%n one@ (negati*e)
3+ 3hildren no%ada!s 0 0 0 -ar too (uch poc)et (one!0 I 0 0 0 an! %hen I %as at school0
(2nd *er$ negati*e)
33 :e %ere al%a!s $ettin$ lost in the desert0 ;
Aou 0 0 0 co(passes@ (negati*e)
34 Ked-haired people al%a!s 0 0 0 "ad te(pers@
35 ?o !ou thin) %e should eat this (eat@ It 0 0 0 a ver! nice s(ell0 (negati*e)
36 .he stairs are on -ireC Aou 0 0 0 a lon$ rope@
have: various uses
PEG 1+3
have can (ean ta#e Ia (eal/lesson/"ath* etc0J* entertain I$uestsJ* encounter Idi--icult!*
etc0J* en$oy Ia ti(e/journe!* etc0J0 :hen used in these %a!s:
IaJ have usuall! -or(s its ne$ative and interro$ative %ith do.
I"J have can "e used in the continuous tenses0
+5
Put the correct -or( o- have into the -ollo%in$ sentences0 7se am having, is having,
etc0* as a -uture -or(0
1 :e 0 0 0 so(e -riends in -or dinner to(orro% ni$ht0
+ Aou 0 0 0 a $ood journe! !esterda!@
3 ?on1t distur" hi(9 he 0 0 0 a rest0
4 :e 0 0 0 lunch earl! to(orro%0
5 <o% (an! lessons he 0 0 0 a %ee)@ ;
<e usuall! 0 0 0 -our0
6 Aou 0 0 0 earth8ua)es in !our countr!@
# :hat ti(e !ou 0 0 0 "rea)-ast@ ;
:e usuall! 0 0 0 it at &0000
& :hat !ou 0 0 0 -or "rea)-ast@ ;
:e 0 0 0 toast and co--ee0
' :h! !ou 0 0 0 a coo)ed "rea)-ast@ (negati*e) .
It1s too (uch trou"le0
10 :h! %ere the! (a)in$ such a noise@ -
.he! 0 0 0 an ar$u(ent0
11 Aou 0 0 0 a thunderstor( !esterda!@
1+ 3o(e in* %e 0 0 0 a de"ate0
13 Aou 0 0 0 a cup o- co--ee@ ;
Aes* please0
14 :e 0 0 0 a (eetin$ to(orro% to discuss sa-et! precautions0
15 .he tree just (issed the roo-* %e 0 0 0 a ver! luc)! escape0
16 <o% did !ou da(a$e !our car@ Aou 0 0 0 an accident@
1# I 0 0 0 a loo) at that house to(orro%0 I- I li)e it I1ll "u! it0
1& :e 0 0 0 ver! "ad %eather just no%0
1' I 0 0 0 a ver! interestin$ conversation %ith the (il)(an %hen (!
nei$h"our interrupted (e0
+0 En$lish people al%a!s 0 0 0 roast "ee- -or lunch on 2unda!s@
+1 It is di--icult to learn a -orei$n lan$ua$e %hen !ou 0 0 0 an
opportunit! o- spea)in$ it0 (negati*e)
++ .he -ar(ers 0 0 0 a lot o- trou"le %ith -oes at present0
+3 Gn the %hole %o(en drivers 0 0 0 so (an! accidents as (en drivers0
(negati*e)
+4 Aou 0 0 0 an!thin$ to eat "e-ore !ou le-t ho(e@ ;
Gh !es* I 0 0 0 "acon and e$$s0
+5 Aou 0 0 0 an! di--icult! $ettin$ into !our -lat last ni$ht@
+6 Are !ou enjo!in$ !oursel-@ ;
Aes* I 0 0 0 a %onder-ul ti(e0
+# <o% o-ten he 0 0 0 a sin$in$ lesson@
+& Aou 0 0 0 a $ood ni$ht@ ;
Ho* I slept ver! "adl!0
+' :h! %ere the! late@ %
.he! 0 0 0 a puncture0
30 :e 0 0 0 a part! here net %ee)0 :ould !ou li)e to co(e@
31 :h! didn1t !ou spea) to her@ ;
+6
I 0 0 0 a chance0 (negati*e)
3+ :e 0 0 0 a lecture net 4onda!0
33 I 0 0 0 tea %ith her to(orro%0
34 <e 0 0 0 an operation net %ee)0
35 <e ever 0 0 0 ni$ht(ares@
36 :hen he $ot tired o- it I 0 0 0 a tr!0 ;
Aou 0 0 0 an! luc)@ ;
Aes* I cau$ht a $reat "i$ -ish0

(he 'ave ) object ) past participle construction
PEG 11'
Part I 5ill in the spaces "! insertin$ the correct -or( o- have0 7se am/is/are having
as a -uture -or(0 I$et can "e used instead o- have* "ut is (ore collo8uial0J
1 I 0 0 0 (! house painted0 .hat is %h! there is all this (ess0
+ 4! hair loo)s dread-ul9 I thin) I 0 0 0 it set to(orro%0
3 .he attic %as dar) so last !ear %e 0 0 0 s)!li$ht put in0
4 .hat dead tree is dan$erous0 I 0 0 0 it cut do%n to(orro%0
5 :e 0 0 0 just 0 0 0 central heatin$ installed0 .he house is %ar(C
6 I can1t read Gree) so I 0 0 0 the docu(ents translated0 4! nephe% is helpin$ %ith
the translation0
# 0 0 0 !ou 0 0 0 the -il( developed or did !ou develop it !oursel-@
& :h! 000he000 all his shoes speciall! (ade@
<e sa!s that he has to "ecause his -eet are di--erent siFes0
' 0 0 0 !ou 0 0 0 !our (il) delivered or do !ou $o to the shop -or it@
10 I- !ou hate cleanin$ -ish %h! 0 0 0 !ou 0 0 0 the( cleaned at the
-ish(on$er1s@ (negati*e)
11 <o% o-ten 0 0 0 !ou 0 0 0 !our "ra)es tested@
1+ I1( a-raid it1s rather drau$ht! here "ut 1000 that "ro)en pane replaced to(orro%0
Part ! 5ill in the spaces "! insertin$ the correct -or( o- have, the past participle o-
the ver" in "rac)ets and* %here necessar!* a pronoun0
13 Aour an)le is ver! s%ollen0 Aou1d "etter 0 0 0 it 0 0 0 I-ra!J
14 Aour roo- is lea)in$* !ou should 0 0 0 it 0 0 0 IrepairJ
15 .he trousers are too lon$9 I (ust 0 0 0 IshortenJ
16 Ho one %ill "e a"le to read !our notes0 ;
I )no%9 I 0 0 0 the( 0 0 0 It!peJ
1# .hat1s a $ood piano "ut !ou should 0 0 0 it 0 0 0 ItuneJ
1& :h! don1t !ou 0 0 0 the docu(ent 0 0 0 @ Iphotocop!J
1' <e didn1t li)e the colour o- the curtains so he 0 0 0 Id!eJ
+0 <e %ent to a $ara$e to 0 0 0 the puncture 0 0 0 I(endJ
+1 <is ar( %as "ro)en so he had to $o to hospital to 0 0 0 IsetJ
++ .he "atter! is all ri$ht no%0 I 0 0 0 just 0 0 0 it 0 0 0 Irechar$eJ
+3 It1s a "eauti-ul photo0 I1( $oin$ to 0 0 0 Ienlar$eJ
+#
+4 Be care-ul o- those )nives0 I 0 0 0 just 0 0 0 IsharpenJ
Part " Ke%rite the sentences usin$ a have / o"ject / past participle construction and
o(ittin$ the %ords in "old t!pe0
I employed a plumber to ea(ine (! "oiler0
I had my $oiler e/amined.
+5 I pay a garage to service (! car0
+6 .he tap )eeps drippin$ so I (ust send for a plumber to see to it0
+# I paid a watchma#er to clean (! %atch0
+& An artist is paintin$ her portrait0 2he 0 0 0
+' .he! arranged for the police to arrest the (an0
30 <e paid a lorry driver to to% the car to a $ara$e0
31 .he! are employing builders to "uild a $ara$e0
3+ I pay a window cleaner to clean (! %indo%s ever! (onth0
33 I %ent to an oculist and he tested (! e!es -or (e0
34 .he old $!ps! is tellin$ .o(1s -ortune0 .o( 0 0 0
35 I as#ed the fishmonger to open the o!sters for me.
36 I went to a $eweller and he pierced (! ears for me.
be
PEG 113-1#* +'0* +'3* 300* 30+
.his is a $eneral eercise %hich includes in-initives* su"junctives* conditionals* and so(e
ea(ples o- the "e / in-initive construction :hen this last construction or a passive
construction is re8uired the second ver" is $iven in "rac)ets at the end o- the sentence0
:h! are all those do$s %earin$ harness@ ;
.he! 0 0 0 as $uide do$s -or the "lind* ItrainJ
(hey are $eing trained as guide dogs for the $lind.
5ill the spaces in the -ollo%in$ sentences "! insertin$ the correct -or( o- "e %ith* %here
necessar!* the past participle or present or per-ect in-initive o- the ver" in "rac)ets0
Ke(e("er that* in the passive* "e can "e used in the continuous tenses0
1 .he! are cuttin$ do%n all the trees0 .he countr!side 0 0 0 IruinJ
+ .he Pri(e 4inister 0 0 0 a speech toni$ht* I(a)eJ
3 I- I 0 0 0 !ou I1d $o on to the net eercise0
4 0 0 0 late once is ecusa"le "ut 0 0 0 late ever! da! is not0
5 <e ordered that all li$hts 0 0 0 Ietin$uishJ
6 <o% lon$ !ou 0 0 0 here@
# 4! -lat %as -ull o- dust "ecause the old house just opposite 0 0 0 Ipull do%nJ
& <e as)ed %here he 0 0 0 it0 IputJ
I told hi( to put it on the (antelpiece0
' It 0 0 0 di--icult to read a ne%spaper upside do%n@ 0)se negati*e.)
10 Aou 0 0 0 here till I return0 .hat is an order0 Ista!J
11 <e su$$ests that pro(inent people 0 0 0 to contri"ute0 Ias)J
1+ Even i- !ou 0 0 0 to $o on !our )nees to hi( I don1t thin) it %ould (a)e hi( chan$e
his (ind0
+&
13 I000 on a caterin$ course %hen I leave school0 4! parents have arran$ed it0 I$oJ
14 :hat is happenin$ no%@ ;
.he injured (an 0 0 0 out o- the arena0 Icarr!J
15 It1s "etter 0 0 0 too earl! than too late0
16 I %ish !ou 0 0 0 here0 I (iss !ou ver! (uch0
1# :h! did !ou leave hi( "ehind@ Aou 0 0 0 hi( %ith !ou0 ((hose were your
instru#tions.) Ita)eJ
1& 2he is learnin$ Italian0 2he 0 0 0 "! a pro-essor -ro( 4ilan* IteachJ
1' I )no% I 0 0 0 hal- an hour late !esterda! "ut I 0 0 0 hal- an hour earl! to(orro%0 ;
I1d rather !ou 0 0 0 punctual ever! da!0 Isee 291)
+0 It is i(possi"le 0 0 0 ri$ht ever! ti(e0
+1 <e 0 0 0 here "! seven "ut no% it1s nine and there1s no si$n o- hi(0 I"eJ
++ .he! decided that votin$ papers 0 0 0 to all (e("ers0 IsendJ
+3 .here 0 0 0 e$$s -or "rea)-ast to(orro%@
+4 I- onl! 1000 thereC IBut I %asn1t0J
+5 .he ,ueen 0 0 0 the ne% hospital net %ee)0 IopenJ
+6 I couldn1t see the (an %ho %as $uidin$ us and I didn1t )no% %here %e 0 0 0 Ita)eJ
+# It 0 0 0 a trilo$! "ut in the end the author -ound that he had onl! enou$h (aterial -or
t%o volu(es* I"eJ
+& Aou . 0 0 ver! an$r! i- I re-used@
+' .he (atter 0 0 0 discussed in to(orro%1s de"ate0
30 <is (are 0 0 0 in to(orro%1s race "ut he said this (ornin$ that she %as sic) and
%ouldn1t "e runnin$ a-ter all0 IrunJ
31 .he house %asn1t read!9 it still 0 0 0 and there %ere pots o- paint an ladders
ever!%here* IpaintJ
3+ .he! decided that an epur$ated edition 0 0 0 -or use in schools0 IprintJ
33 <is %or)s are i((ensel! popular9 the! 0 0 0 into all the (ajor European lan$ua$es0
ItranslateJ
34 It is hi$h ti(e !ou 0 0 0 in "ed0
35 I had (! instructions and I )ne% eactl! %hat I 0 0 0 IdoJ
36 I- this report 0 0 0 "elieved* %e are $oin$ to have a ver! severe drou$ht0
it is/there is
PEG 6#*116-1#
Insert it is/there is in the spaces0 In so(e sentences* contracted plural* ne$ative and
interro$ative -or(s* or the past or -uture tense are re8uired0
1 :hat1s the ti(e@- 000 000 30300 ;
And %hat1s the date@; 0 0 0 0 0 0 the +4th0
+ <o% -ar000 000toAor)@;
0 0 0 0 0 0 50 (iles0
3 000 000 ver! stor(! last ni$ht0 ;
Aes* 000 000 stor(s all over the countr!0
4 000 000 -reeFin$ ver! hard0 000 000 000ice on the la)e to(orro%0
5 As000 000 sunn! she decided to ta)e the children to the sea0
6 :h! don1t !ou $o -or a %al)@ 0 0 0 0 0 0 a pit! to sta! in %hen 0 0 0 0 0 0 so nice outside0
# 000 000 not an! shado%s "ecause 000 000 not an! sun0
+'
& 000 000 $oin$ to "e a "us stri)e to(orro%0 ;
000 000 000all ri$ht i- 000 000 a -ine da!9 "ut i- 000 000 %et
000 000 000 lon$ 8ueues on the 7nder$round0
' 000 000 not an! $lass in the %indo%s9 that is %h! 0 0 0 0 0 0 so cold in the roo(0
10 000 000 ver! %et !esterda!9 000 000 i(possi"le to $o out0
11 000 000a lot o- rain last %ee)0 000 000 -loods ever!%here0
1+ 000 000a thic) -o$ last ni$ht0 000 000 several accidents on the (otor%a!0
13 000 000 -oolish to drive -ast %hen 000 000 -o$$!0
14 000 000 di--icult to -ind !our %a! round this to%n0 0 0 0 0 0 0 so (an! streets all loo)in$
eactl! ali)e0
15 3o(e on* childrenC 000 000 ti(e to $et upC 000 000 nearl! "rea)-ast ti(e0
16 0 00 0 00 000 lunch ti(e %hen %e $et to Aor)* so let1s have lunch there0;
Ho* 000 000 not "e ti(e -or lunch "ecause our train to Edin"ur$h leaves Aor) at 130150
1# 000 000a -unn! s(ell here0 000 000 turpentine@
1& 000 000all sorts o- stories a"out Ko"in <ood* "ut 000 000 not )no%n eactl! %ho he %as or
%hat he did0
1' 000 000 said that i- !ou "rea) a (irror !ou1ll "e unluc)! -or seven !ears0
+0 As he had ver! "ad si$ht 000 000 di--icult -or hi( to reco$niFe people0
+1 13an I have a (elegraph, please@1 said the custo(er0
I1( a-raid 000 000 not an! le-t*1 said the ne%sa$ent0 1But 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 2uardian on the rac)
"eside !ou0 :h! not ta)e that@ 000 000 just as $ood01
++ 000 000 not necessar! to carr! !our passport ever!%here %ith !ou "ut 000 000 advisa"le to
carr! so(e docu(ent o- identit!0
+3 000 000a $uard outside the door and 000 000 "ars on the %indo%s0
000 000 i(possi"le to escape0
+4 000 000a $ara$e "ehind the hotel@ ;
Aes* "ut 000 000 rather -ull0 I don1t thin) 000 000 roo( -or !our car0
+5 Gne ni$ht 0 0 0 0 0 0 a heav! -all o- sno% %hich "loc)ed all the roads0
=uc)il! 000 000 plent! o- -ood in the house0
+6 000 000a hotel in the villa$e* so %e decided to sta! there0
0 0 0 0 0 0 a char(in$ villa$e and I %as ver! happ! there* "ut (! children %ere "ored
"ecause 000 000 nothin$ to do in the evenin$s0
+# 000 000 -ive -lats in the "uildin$>one on each -loor0 4ine1s on the top -loor0 0 0 0 0 0 0 no
li-t "ut 000 000 supposed to "e $ood -or the -i$ure to run up and do%n stairs* 0 0 0 0 0 0@
+& 000 000a pit! !ou haven1t another "edroo(0 ;
Aes* "ut 000 000 8uite a "i$ lo-t* %hich I a( thin)in$ o- turnin$ into a "edroo(0 0 0 0 0 0 0
a s)!li$ht so 000 000 not 0 0 0 a ventilation pro"le(0
+' 000 000all sorts o- le$ends a"out these caves0 000 000 said that s(u$$lers hid their $oods
here and that 0 0 0 0 0 0 an under$round passa$e leadin$ to the villa$e inn0
30 .ell (e so(ethin$ a"out 3ing 4ear. .
. .. . .. the stor! o- a )in$ %ho divided his )in$do( "et%een his dau$hters0 000 000
-oolish to $ive a%a! !our propert! li)e that0 0 0 0 0 0 0 never certain that !our -a(il!
%ill "ehave $enerousl! to !ou in return0
31 <as .o( an! (ore children@;
Aes0 0 0 0 0 * 0 a dau$hter* Ann0 .
Gh !es* 000 000 Ann %ho opened the door to us !esterda!* 0 0 0 0 0 0@
3+ <e thou$ht that 000 000 "etter to sa! nothin$ a"out his chan$e o- plan0
33 0 00 000a lon$ ti(e "e-ore I $ot an ans%er0 .hen one da! a letter arrived>%ell* 000 000 not
30
reall! a letter* -or 000 000 onl! one sentence on the paper0
34 000 000a pond "eside !our house@> Aes* 0 0 0 0 0 0 ;
<o% deep 0 0 0 0 0 0@
35 :e1ve done all %e can0 000 000 nothin$ to do no% "ut %ait0
36 Eust cross out that %ord and $oon0000 000 not necessar! to "e$in a$ain0
(or... 000no need to "e$in a$ain0J
ca and be able
PEG 136-&
Part I can, used to epress a"ilit! %ith could, shall/will be able
5ill the -ollo%in$ spaces* usin$ can -or present* could -or past and shall/will be able -or
-uture0 .here is no need to use other a"le -or( in this section0 Put to %here necessar!
"e-ore the in-initives0
1 0 0 0 !ou stand on !our head@ %
I 0 0 0 %hen I %as at school "ut I 0 0 0 no%0 (2nd *er$ negati*e)
2 :hen I1ve passed (! drivin$ test I 0 0 0 hire a car -ro( our local $ara$e0
3 At the end o- the (onth the Post G--ice %ill send hi( an enor(ous telephone "ill
%hich he 0 0 0 pa!0 (negati*e)
4 I 0 0 0 re(e("er the address* (negati*e) .
. . . !ou even re(e("er the street@ (negati*e)
5 :hen the -o$ li-ts %e 0 0 0 see %here %e are0 0
6 Aou1ve put too (uch in !our ruc)sac)9 !ou never 0 0 0 carr! all that0
# :hen I %as a child I 0 0 0 understand adults* and no% that I a( an adult I 0 0 0 understand
children* (negati*e, negati*e)
& :hen !ou have ta)en !our de$ree !ou 0 0 0 put letters a-ter !our na(e@
' ?on1t tr! to loo) at all the pictures in the $aller!0 Gther%ise %hen !ou $et ho(e !ou 0 0
0 re(e("er an! o- the(0 (negati*e)
10 :hen I -irst %ent to 2pain I 0 0 0 read 2panish "ut I 0 0 0 spea) it0 (2nd *er$ negati*e)
11 000!ou t!pe@;
Aes* I 0 0 0 t!pe "ut I 0 0 0 do shorthand* (2nd *er$ negati*e)
1+ I1( loc)ed in0 I 0 0 0 $et outC (negati*e) .
. . . !ou s8ueeFe "et%een the "ars@ (negati*e) .
HoC I 0 0 09 I1( too -at0 (negati*e)
Part ! could and %as able
In so(e o- the -ollo%in$ sentences either could or was able could "e used0 In others
onl! was/were able is possi"le0 5ill the spaces and put to %here necessar! "e-ore the
in-initives0
13 <e %as ver! stron$9 he 0 0 0 s)i all da! and dance all ni$ht0
14 .he car plun$ed into the river0 .he driver 0 0 0 $et out "ut the passen$ers %ere
dro%ned0
15 I %as a lon$ %a! -ro( the sta$e0 I 0 0 0 see all ri$ht "ut I 0 0 0 hear ver! %ell0
(2nd *er$ negati*e)
31
16 :e 0 0 0 "orro% u("rellas9 so %e didn1t $et %et0
1# 0 0 0 !ou %al) or did the! have to carr! !ou@
1& I had no )e! so I 0 0 0 loc) the door0 (negati*e)
1' I )ne% the to%n so I 0 0 0 advise hi( %here to $o0
+0 :hen the $ara$e had repaired our car %e 0 0 0 continue our journe!0
+1 At -ive !ears old he 0 0 0 read 8uite %ell0
++ :hen I arrived ever!one %as asleep0 5ortunatel! I 0 0 0 %a)e (! sister and she let (e
in0
+3 .he s%i((er %as ver! tired "ut he 0 0 0 reach the shore "e-ore he collapsed0
+4 .he police %ere suspicious at -irst "ut I 0 0 0 convince the( that %e %ere innocent0
Part " PEG +++ 3* ++3 B* +&3-4
.his section includes ea(ples o- could used -or polite re8uests and as a conditional0
+5 0 0 0 I spea) to 4r Pitt* please@;
I1( a-raid he1s out at the (o(ent0 0 0 0 !ou rin$ "ac) later@
+6 I- !ou stood on (! shoulders 0 0 0 !ou reach the top o- the %all@ ;
Ho* I1( a-raid I 0 0 0 (negati*e)
+# I- I san$ 0 0 0 !ou acco(pan! (e on the piano@;
Ho* 1000* 1000 pla! the pianoC (negati*e, negati*e)
+& I- a letter co(es -or (e 0 0 0 !ou please -or%ard it to this address@
+' 2he (ade the %all ver! hi$h so that "o!s 0 0 0 cli(" over it0 (negati*e)
30 .he! too) his passport so that he 0 0 0 leave the countr!* (negati*e)
31 0 0 0 !ou tell (e the ti(e* please@ ;
I1( a-raid 10 0 0 0 I haven1t $ot a %atch0 (negati*e)
3+ I- !ou had to* 0 0 0 !ou $o %ithout -ood -or a %ee)@;
I suppose I 0 0 0 i- I had plent! o- %ater0
33 0 0 0 !ou lend (e D5@ ;
Ho* I 0 0 0 (negati*e)
34 .he! used to chain valua"le "oo)s to li"rar! des)s so that people 0 0 0 ta)e the( a%a!0
(negati*e)
35 <e sa!s that he sa% 3le(entine dro%nin$ "ut 0 0 0 help her as he 0 0 0 s%i(0
(negati*e, negati*e)
36 I- !ou had had the ri$ht tools 0 0 0 !ou have repaired the en$ine@
!ay
PEG 1+#-33* +&5* +&&* 340
Insert the correct -or( o- may/might ecept in 10 and 36* %here a be allowed -or( is
necessar!0
1 It - 0 0 rain* !ou1d "etter ta)e a coat0
+ <e said that it 0 0 0 rain0
3 :e 0 0 0 as %ell sta! here till the %eather i(proves0
4 0 0 0 I "orro% !our u("rella@
* Aou 0 0 0 tell (eC (I think I ha*e a right to know.)
6 3andidates 0 0 0 not "rin$ tet"oo)s into the ea(ination roo(0
3+
# People convicted o- an o--ence 0 0 0 (ha*e a right to) appeal0
& I- he )ne% our address he 0 0 0 co(e and see us0
' 0 0 0 I co(e in@ ;
Please do0
10 :hen he %as a child he 0 0 0 (they let him) do eactl! as he li)ed0
11 I thin) I le-t (! $lasses in !our o--ice0 Aou 0 0 0 as) !our secretar! to loo) -or the(
-or (e0 (re+uest)
1+ <e 0 0 0 "e (! "rother (I admit that he is) "ut I don1t trust hi(0
13 I 0 0 0 never see !ou a$ain0
14 <e000 "e on the net train0 :e 0 0 0 as %ell %ait0
15 I- %e $ot there earl! %e 0 0 0 $et a $ood seat0
16 .he police 0 0 0 (ha*e a right to) as) a driver to ta)e a "reath test0
1# Aou ou$ht to "u! no%9 prices 0 0 0 $o up0
1& I1ll %ait a %ee) so that he 0 0 0 have ti(e to thin) it over0
1' <e isn1t $oin$ to eat it9 1000 as %ell $ive it to the do$0
+0 Aou 0 0 0 at least read the letter0 I/ think you should.)
+1 Aou 0 0 0 have %ritten* (I am annoyeddisappointed that you didn "t.)
++ :e1d "etter "e earl!9 there 0 0 0 "e a cro%d0
+3 Ho"od! )no%s ho% people -irst ca(e to these islands0 .he! 0 0 0 have sailed -ro(
2outh A(erica on ra-ts0
+4 Aou 0 0 0 (ha*e permission to) use (! o--ice0
+5 <e said that %e 0 0 0 use his o--ice %henever %e li)ed0
+6 I don1t thin) I1ll succeed "ut I 0 0 0 as %ell tr!0
+# Aou ou$ht to $o to his lectures* !ou 0 0 0 learn so(ethin$0
+& I- %e can $ive hi( a "lood trans-usion %e 0 0 0 "e a"le to save his li-e0
+' .%o parallel %hite lines in the (iddle o- the road (ean that !ou 0 0 0 not overta)e0
30 I- I "ou$ht a lotter! tic)et I 0 0 0 %in D1*0000
31 I- !ou said that* he 0 0 0 "e ver! o--ended0
3+ I %onder %h! the! didn1t $o0 ;
.he %eather 0 0 0 have "een too "ad0
33 :arnin$: Ho part o- this "oo) 0 0 0 "e reproduced %ithout the pu"lisher1s per(ission0
34 <e has re-used* "ut he 0 0 0 chan$e his (ind i- !ou as)ed hi( a$ain0
35 0 0 0 I see !our passport* please@
36 <e 0 0 0 (negati*e) drive since his accident0 ((hey ha*en"t let him dri*e.)
must and 'ave t%
PEG 144-5
5ill the spaces in the -ollo%in$ sentences "! insertin$ must or the present* -uture* or past
-or( o- have to.
1 2he 0 0 0 leave ho(e at ei$ht ever! (ornin$ at present0
+ Hotice in a picture $aller!: 3a(eras* stic)s and u("rellas 0 0 0 "e le-t at the des)0
3 <e sees ver! "adl!9 he 0 0 0 %ear $lasses all the ti(e0
4 1000 do all the t!pin$ at (! o--ice0
5 Aou 0 0 0 read this "oo)0 It1s reall! ecellent0
6 .he children 0 0 0 pla! in the streets till their (others $et ho(e -ro( %or)0
# 2he -elt ill and 0 0 0 leave earl!0
& 4r Pitt 0 0 0 coo) his o%n (eals0 <is %i-e is a%a!0
33
' I hadn1t enou$h (one! and I 0 0 0 pa! "! che8ue0
10 I never re(e("er his address9 I al%a!s 0 0 0 loo) it up0
11 E(plo!er: Aou 0 0 0 co(e to %or) in ti(e0
1+ I- !ou $o to a dentist %ith a private practice !ou 0 0 0 pa! hi( 8uite a lot o- (one!0
13 5ather to s(all son: Aou 0 0 0 do %hat 4u((! sa!s0
14 4! nei$h"our1s child 0 0 0 practise the piano -or three hours a da!0
15 ?octor: I can1t co(e no%0
3aller: Aou 0 0 0 co(e9 he1s terri"l! ill0
16 En$lish children 0 0 0 sta! at school till the a$e o- 160
1# In (! district there is no $as laid on0 People 0 0 0 use electricit! -or ever!thin$0
1& Hotice a"ove petrol pu(p: All en$ines 0 0 0 "e s%itched o--0
1' 4other to dau$hter: Aou 0 0 0 co(e in earlier at ni$ht0
+0 .he shops here don1t deliver0 :e 0 0 0 carr! ever!thin$ ho(e ourselves0
+1 .he "uses %ere all -ull9 I 0 0 0 $et a tai0
++ Hotice "eside escalators: ?o$s and push chairs 0 0 0 "e carried0
+3 1Au pair1 $irls usuall! 0 0 0 do 8uite a lot o- house%or)0
+4 .ell her that she 0 0 0 "e here "! si0 I insist on it0
+5 :hen a t!re is punctured the driver 0 0 0 chan$e the %heel0
+6 Par) notice: All do$s 0 0 0 "e )ept on leads0
+# 2he 0 0 0 learn ho% to drive %hen her local rail%a! station is closed0
+& Kail%a! notice: Passen$ers 0 0 0 cross the line "! the -oot"rid$e0
+' I $ot lost and 0 0 0 as) a police(an the %a!0
30 5ar(ers 0 0 0 $et up earl!0
31 I- !ou "u! that television set !ou 0 0 0 "u! a licence -or it0
3+ :hen I chan$ed (! jo" I 0 0 0 (ove to another -lat0
33 :aiters 0 0 0 pa! ta on the tips that the! receive0
34 5ather to son: I can1t support !ou an! lon$er9 !ou 0 0 0 earn !our o%n livin$ -ro( no%
on0
35 Kail%a! notice: Passen$ers 0 0 0 "e in possession o- a tic)et0
36 :henever the do$ %ants to $o out 1000 $et up and open the door0
!ust not and need not
PEG 146
7se must not or need not to -ill the spaces in the -ollo%in$ sentences0
1 Aou 0 0 0 rin$ the "ell9 I have a )e!0
+ Hotice in cine(a: Eit doors 0 0 0 "e loc)ed durin$ per-or(ances0
3 Aou 0 0 0 drin) this: it is poison0
4 :e 0 0 0 drive -ast9 %e have plent! o- ti(e0
5 Aou 0 0 0 drive -ast9 there is a speed li(it here0
6 3andidates 0 0 0 "rin$ "oo)s into the ea(ination roo(0
# Aou 0 0 0 %rite to hi( -or he %ill "e here to(orro%0
& :e 0 0 0 (a)e an! noise or %e1ll %a)e the "a"!0
' Aou 0 0 0 "rin$ an u("rella0 It isn1t $oin$ to rain0
10 Aou 0 0 0 do all the eercise0 .en sentences %ill "e enou$h0
11 :e 0 0 0 reheat the pie0 :e can eat it cold0
34
1+ 4other to child: Aou 0 0 0 tell lies0
13 Aou 0 0 0 turn on the li$ht9 I can see 8uite %ell0
14 Aou 0 0 0 stri)e a (atch9 the roo( is -ull o- $as0
15 Aou 0 0 0 tal) to other candidates durin$ the ea(0
16 :e 0 0 0 (a)e an! (ore sand%iches9 %e have plent! no%0
1# Aou 0 0 0 put salt in an! o- his dishes0 2alt is ver! "ad -or hi(0
1& Aou 0 0 0 ta)e an!thin$ out o- a shop %ithout pa!in$ -or it0
1' Aou 0 0 0 carr! that parcel ho(e !oursel-9 the shop %ill send it0
+0 Aou 0 0 0 clean the %indo%s0 .he %indo%-cleaner is co(in$ to(orro%0
+1 4other to child: Aou 0 0 0 pla! %ith (atches0
++ 3hurch notice: 6isitors 0 0 0 %al) a"out the church durin$ a service0
+3 1000 $o to the shops toda!0 .here is plent! o- -ood in the house0
+4 Aou 0 0 0 s(o)e in a non-s(o)in$ co(part(ent0
+5 Police notice: 3ars 0 0 0 "e par)ed here0
+6 :e 0 0 0 open the lion1s ca$e0 It is contrar! to Moo re$ulations0
+# Aou 0 0 0 (a)e !our "ed0 .he (aid %ill do it0
+& I %ant this letter t!ped "ut !ou 0 0 0 do it toda!0 .o(orro% %ill do0
+' I1ll lend !ou the (one! and !ou 0 0 0 pa! (e "ac) till net (onth0
30 :e 0 0 0 cli(" an! hi$her9 %e can see ver! %ell -ro( here0
31 Aou 0 0 0 loo) under the "ed0 .here isn1t an!"od! there0
3+ Aou 0 0 0 as) a %o(an her a$e0 It1s not polite0
33 Aou1ve $iven (e too (uch0 ;
Aou 0 0 0 eat it all0
34 :e 0 0 0 -or$et to shut the li-t $ates0
35 4other to child: Aou 0 0 0 interrupt %hen I a( spea)in$0
36 I- !ou %ant the ti(e* pic) up the receiver and dial &0&19 !ou 0 0 0 sa! an!thin$0
ee! %t and !%)t 'ave t% etc+
PEG 14&-50
Keplace the %ords in "old t!pe "! need not/need I@ etc0* or a ne$ative or interro$ative
have to -or(0
I1ve "een invited to a %eddin$9 "ut I can1t $o0 &ill it be necessar! -or (e to send a
present@
5hall I ha*e to send a present'
1 It isn't necessary for him to $o on %or)in$0 <e has alread! reached retirin$ a$e0
0-e . . .)
+ &as it necessary for you to %ait a lon$ ti(e -or !our "us@
3 It isn't necessary for me to %ater (! to(ato plants ever! da!0
' It will be necessary for them to $et up earl! %hen the! $o out to %or) ever! da!0
5 :e had to stop at the -rontier "ut %e were not re(uired to open our cases0
6 It %asn1t necessar! to %al)0 <e too) us in his car0 (6e . . .)
1 4! e(plo!er said* ) shan't re(uire !ou to(orro%01 (You . . . #ome.)
& It is never necessary for me to %or) on 2aturda!s0
' :hen I a( ei$hteen I1ll "e o- a$e0 .hen it won't be necessary to live at ho(e i- I
don1t %ant to0
35
10 He% teacher to his class: It isn't necessary for you to call (e 12ir19 call (e 1Bill10
11 &ill it be necessary for us to report this accident to the police@
1+ :hen !ou "u! so(ethin$ on the install(ent s!ste( !ou are not re(uired to pa! the
%hole price at once0
13 ?id !ou )no% enou$h En$lish to as) -or !our tic)et@
It wasn't necessary to sa! an!thin$0 I "ou$ht (! tic)et at a (achine0
14 It isn't necessary to "u! a licence -or a "ic!cle in En$land0 (6e . . .)
)* Is it essential for you to -inish toni$ht@
16 Is it necessary for people to $o ever!%here "! "oat in 6enice@
1# &ill it be necessary for me to sleep under a (os8uito net@
1& 4ost people thin) that civil servants are not re(uired to %or) ver! hard0
1' It wasn't necessary to swim0 :e %ere a"le to %ade across0
+0 It isn't necessary for you to drive (e to the station0 I can $et a tai0
+1 Gur plane %as dela!ed so %e had lunch at the airport0 But it wasn't necessary to pa!
-or the lunch0 .he airline $ave it to us0
++ Is it obligatory for us to vote@
+3 :hen !ou %ere a child were you re(uired to practise the piano@
+4 I sa% the accident "ut -ortunatel! it wasn't necessary for me to $ive evidence as
there %ere plent! o- other %itnesses0
+5 2(all "o! to -riend: It won't be necessary for you to %or) hard %hen !ou co(e to
(! school0 .he teachers aren1t ver! strict0
+6 .he! had plent! o- ti(e0 It wasn't necessary for them to hurr!0
+# Is it necessary for you to ta)e !our do$ %ith !ou ever!%here@
+& :hat ti(e was it necessary for you to leave ho(e@
+' I "rou$ht (! passport "ut I wasn't re(uired to sho% it to an!one0
30 I (issed one da! o- the ea(0 &ill it be necessary for me to ta)e the %hole ea(
a$ain@
31 Is it reall! necessar! -or !ou to practise the violin at 3 a0(0@
3+ Ever!thin$ %as done -or (e0 It %asn1t necessar! -or (e to do an!thin$0
33 Are 5rench children obliged to $o to school on 2aturda!s@
34 I %as late -or the opera0 ;
&as it necessary for you to %ait till the end o- the -irst act "e-ore -indin$ !our seat@
35 <e repaired (! old %atch so it %asn1t necessar! -or (e to "u! a ne% one a-ter all0
36 &ere you re(uired to (a)e a speech@
must& ca)t and ee!)t ith the per$ect in$initive
PEG 15+* 156* 15'
must / per-ect in-initive is used -or a--ir(ative deductions0
can't/couldn't / in-initive is used -or ne$ative deductions0
needn't / per-ect in-initive is used -or a past action %hich %as unnecessar! "ut %as
per-or(ed0
5ill the spaces in the -ollo%in$ sentences "! usin$ one o- these -or(s / the per-ect
in-initive o- the ver"s in "rac)ets0
1 ?id !ou hear (e co(e in last ni$ht@ ;
36
Ho* I 0 0 0 I"eJ asleep0
+ I %onder %ho "ro)e the %ine$lass9 it 0 0 0 I"eJ the cat -or she %as out all da!0
3 Aou 0 0 0 IhelpJ hi(0 I You helped him $ut he didn "t need help.)
4 I had (! u("rella %hen I ca(e out "ut I haven1t $ot it no%0 ;
Aou 0 0 0 IleaveJ it on the "us0
5 <e 0 0 0 IescapeJ "! this %indo% "ecause it is "arred0
6 I 0 0 0 I$iveJ D100 D5 %ould have "een enou$h0
# I sa% a rattlesna)e near the river !esterda!0 ;
Aou 0 0 0 IseeJ a rattlesna)e0 .here aren1t an! rattlesna)es in this countr!0
& <e is "ac) alread!0 ;
<e 0 0 0 IstartJ ver! earl!0
' <e returned ho(e %ith a ti$er cu"0 ;
<is %i-e I"eJ ver! pleased a"out that0
10 I "ou$ht t%o "ottles o- (il)0 ;
Aou 0 0 0 I"u!J (il)9 %e have heaps in the house0
11 I phoned !ou at nine this (ornin$ "ut $ot no ans%er0 ;
I1( sorr!0 I 0 0 0 I"eJ in the $arden0
1+ I le-t (! "ic!cle here and no% it1s $one0 ;
2o(eone 0 0 0 I"orro%J it0
13 :hen she %o)e up her %atch had vanished0 ;
2o(eone 0 0 0 IstealJ it %hile she slept0
14 I1ve opened another "ottle0 ;
Aou 0 0 0 IdoJ that0 :e1ve onl! just started this one0
15 .he (achine said* 1Aou %ei$h 65 )ilos*1 and I said* .han) !ou01 ;
Aou 0 0 0 Isa!J an!thin$0
16 I told hi( to turn le-t and he i((ediatel! turned ri$htC ;
<e 0 0 0 IunderstandJ !ou0
1# Perhaps he s%a( across0 ;
Ho* he 0 0 0 IdoJ that9 he can1t s%i(0
1& ?o !ou re(e("er readin$ a"out it in the ne%spapers@ ;
Ho* I 0 0 0 I"eJ a"road at the ti(e0
1' <e 0 0 0 I%al)J -ro( here to =ondon in t%o hours0 It isn1t possi"le0
+0 <e %as ver! sic) last ni$ht0 ;
.he (eat %e had -or supper 0 0 0 I"eJ $ood0
+1 .here %as a doc) stri)e and the liner couldn1t leave port0 ;
.he passen$ers 0 0 0 I"eJ -urious0
++ :e %ent to a restaurant and had a ver! $ood dinner -or D30 ;
Aou 0 0 0 IhaveJ a ver! $ood dinner i- !ou onl! paid D30
+3 I have just %atered the roses0 ;
Aou 0 0 0 I%aterJ the(0 =oo)* it1s rainin$ no%C
+4 .hat carpet %as (ade entirel! "! hand0 ;
It 0 0 0 Ita)eJ a lon$ ti(e0
+5 .he door %as open0 ;
It 0 0 0 I"eJ open0 I had loc)ed it (!sel- and the )e! %as in (! poc)et0
+6 <e said that he %atered the plants ever! da!0 ;
<e 0 0 0 I%aterJ the(0 I- he had the! %ouldn1t have died0
+# <e ca(e out o- the %ater %ith little red spots all over his "ac)0 ;
<e 0 0 0 I"eJ stun$ "! a jell!--ish0
3#
+& :e1ve sent -or a doctor0 ;
Aou 0 0 0 IsendJ -or hi(0 I a( per-ectl! %ell0
+' I1ve (ade t%o copies0 ;
Aou 0 0 0 I(a)eJ t%o0 Gne %ould have "een enou$h0
30 .here %as a terri"le crash at 3 a0(0 ;
.hat 0 0 0 I"eJ .o( co(in$ in -ro( his part!0
31 I had to $et do%n the (ountain in a thic) -o$0 ;
.hat 0 0 0 I"eJ ver! di--icult0
3+ I sa% Ann in the li"rar! !esterda!0 ;
Aou 0 0 0 IseeJ her9 she is still a"road0
33 <o% did he $et out o- the house@ <e 0 0 0 Ico(eJ do%n the stairs -or
the! %ere "laFin$0
34 Aou 0 0 0 IlendJ hi( !our (ap0 <e has one o- his o%n0
35 I spo)e in En$lish* ver! slo%l!0 ;
Aou 0 0 0 Ispea)J slo%l!0 <e spea)s En$lish ver! -luentl!0
36 <e %as -ound unconscious at the -oot o- the cli--0 <e 0 0 0 I-allJ +00 (etres0
Present and past tenses
(he si!ple present tense
PEG 1#+
Kead the -ollo%in$ in the third person sin$ular0 ?o not chan$e the o"ject i- it is plural0
Hote that a-ter certain consonants a -inal es is pronounced as a separate s!lla"le0
2ee PEG 1+ B: kiss, kisses /)is* )isiF/0
1 .he! %ish to spea) to !ou0 I<eJ
+ Buses pass (! house ever! hour0
3 .he! help their -ather0 I<eJ
4 :e chan$e planes at <eathro%0
5 Aou %atch too (uch .60 I<eJ
6 .he! %orr! too (uch0 I<eJ
# I cash a che8ue ever! (onth0 I<eJ
& I al%a!s carr! an u("rella0 I2heJ
' .he! %ash the -loor ever! %ee)0 I2heJ
10 <is sons $o to the local school0
11 .hese hens la! "ro%n e$$s0
1+ Ku""er "alls "ounce0
13 .hese -i$ures astonish (e0
14 ?o !ou li)e "oiled e$$s@ IheJ
15 .hese seats cost D100
16 .he! -ish in the la)e0 I<eJ
1# Elephants never -or$et0
1& .he! usuall! catch the &010 "us0
1' .he! so(eti(es (iss the "us0
+0 I (i the in$redients to$ether0
+1 .he rivers -reeFe in %inter0
3&
++ .he! -l! -ro( =ondon to Edin"ur$h0
+3 .he carpets (atch the curtains0
+4 .he! realiFe the dan$er0
+5 I use a co(puter0
+6 :hat do the! do on their da!s o--@ ;
.he! do nothin$0 .he! lie in "ed all da!0
+# .he "o!s hurr! ho(e a-ter school0
+& .he! push the door open0
+' .he! )iss their (other0
30 .he! "o in the $!(nasiu(0
31 .he! dress %ell0
3+ Aour children rel! on !ou0
33 .he! snatch ladies1 hand"a$s0
34 Aou -r! ever!thin$0
35 .he taes rise ever! !ear0
36 .he! do eercises ever! (ornin$0
(he si!ple present tense
PEG 1#+
Kead the -ollo%in$ IaJ in the ne$ative I"J in the interro$ative0
In Hos0 + and 14* have is used as an ordinar! ver" and should "e treated as one0
1 Aou )no% the ans%er0
+ <e has "rea)-ast at &0000
3 <e loves her0
4 2o(e school$irls %ear uni-or(s0
5 <e trusts !ou0
6 <e tries hard0
# .he par) closes at dus)0
& <e (isses his (other0
' .he children li)e s%eets0
10 <e -inishes %or) at 60000
11 <e lives "eside the sea0
1+ <e "ullies his sisters0
13 .his stove heats the %ater0
14 2he has a coo)ed "rea)-ast0
15 2he carries a sleepin$ "a$0
16 <e usuall! "elieves !ou0
1# 2he dances in co(petitions0
1& Aou re(e("er the address0
1' 2he pla!s chess ver! %ell0
+0 <e %orries a"out her0
+1 .hese thieves %or) at ni$ht0
++ <e leaves ho(e at &000 ever! da!0
+3 Ann arran$es ever!thin$0
+4 2he a$rees %ith !ou0
+5 .heir do$s "ar) all ni$ht0
3'
+6 .heir nei$h"ours o-ten co(plain0
+# .o( enjo!s drivin$ at ni$ht0
+& <e en$a$es ne% sta-- ever! 2prin$0
+' .o( loo)s ver! %ell0
30 .he! sell -resh $rape juice here0
31 <e char$es (ore than other photo$raphers0
3+ 2he cuts her hus"and1s hair0
33 .he! pic) the apples in Gcto"er0
34 .he last train leaves at (idni$ht0
35 <e relaes at %ee)ends0
36 2he re-uses to discuss it0
(he present continuous tense
PEG 164-#
Put the ver"s in "rac)ets into the present continuous tense0 In Ho0 +5* have is used as
an ordinar! ver" and can there-ore "e used in the continuous tense0
1 2he Inot %or)J* she Is%i(J in the river0
+ <e IteachJ his "o! to ride0
3 :h! Ann Inot %earJ her ne% dress@
4 .he airplane I-l!J at +*000 (etres0
5 :hat .o( IdoJ no%@ <e IcleanJ his shoes0
6 .his -ire I$oJ out0 2o(e"od! I"rin$J (ore coal@
# It IrainJ@;
Aes* it IrainJ ver! hard0 Aou can1t $o out !et0
& :h! !ou I(endJ that old shirt@
' Aou Inot tellJ the truth0 ;
<o% do !ou )no% that I Inot tellJ the truth@
10 :ho I(oveJ the -urniture a"out upstairs@ ;
It1s .o(0 <e IpaintJ the -ront "edroo(0
11 4rs Eones Is%eepJ the steps outside her house0
1+ :hat !ou IreadJ no%@ I IreadJ 7rime and 8unishment.
13 It is a lovel! da!0 .he sun IshineJ and the "irds Isin$J0
14 2o(eone I)noc)J at the door0 2hall I ans%er it@ ;
I Ico(eJ in a (inute0 I just I%ashJ (! hands0
15 2he al%a!s Irin$J up and Ias)J 8uestions0
16 :h! !ou I(a)eJ a ca)e@ 2o(eone Ico(eJ to tea@
1# :here is .o(@ ;
<e IlieJ under the car0
1& 3an I "orro% !our pen or !ou IuseJ it at the (o(ent@
1' Aou IdoJ an!thin$ this evenin$@ ;
Ho* I1( not0 -
:ell* I I$oJ to the cine(a0 :ould !ou li)e to co(e %ith (e@
+0 :e IhaveJ "rea)-ast at &000 to(orro% as .o( IcatchJ an earl! train0
+1 Ann usuall! does the shoppin$* "ut I IdoJ it toda! as she isn1t %ell0
++ :h! !ou It!peJ so -ast@ Aou I(a)eJ a lot o- (ista)es0
+3 4other IrestJ no%0 2he al%a!s rests a-ter lunch0
40
+4 .he! Idi$J an enor(ous hole just outside (! $ate0 ;
:hat the! IdoJ that -or@ ;
I don1t )no%0 Perhaps the! Iloo)J -or oil0
+5 :hat I(a)eJ that terri"le noise@ ;
It1s the pneu(atic drill0 .he! IrepairJ the road0
+6 .he children are ver! 8uiet0 Go and see %hat the! IdoJ0 9
.he! IcutJ up so(e D5 notes0
+# :hat !ou I%aitJ -or@-
I I%aitJ -or (! chan$e9 the "o! just I$etJ it0
+& I can1t hear %hat !ou Isa!J9 the tra--ic I(a)eJ too (uch noise0
+' 2he al%a!s IloseJ her $lasses and Ias)J (e to loo) -or the(0
30 4other: :hat !ou Iloo)J at@ 2o(ethin$ IhappenJ in the street@
31 3hild: Aes0 .he house opposite is on -ireC 3o(e and loo)0
4other: I can1t0 I I"athJ the "a"ies0 Is the 5ire Bri$ade here@
3+ 3hild: Aes0 5ire en$ines IrushJ up and the -ire(en Iju(pJ out and IunrollJ their hoses0
33 2(o)e IpourJ -ro( the %indo%sC People IstopJ to %atch0
A police(an Itr!J to (ove the( on0
34 An old (an Icli("J out o- a -irst -loor %indo%C
A -ire(an IhelpJ hi(C .%o "o!s IslideJ do%n a ropeC
35 A %o(an I%aveJ -ro( the attic and a -ire(an I$oJ up a ladder to help herC
36 Ho% he Ico(eJ do%n a$ainC <e Icarr!J a "a"!C .he cro%d IcheerC
(he si!ple present and the present continuous
PEG 164-#4
Put the ver"s in "rac)ets into the si(ple present or the present continuous tense0
1 3uc)oos Inot "uildJ nests0 .he! IuseJ the nests o- other "irds0
+ Aou can1t see .o( no%: he IhaveJ a "ath0
3 <e usuall! Idrin)J co--ee "ut toda! he Idrin)J tea0
4 :hat she IdoJ in the evenin$s@ ;
2he usuall! Ipla!J cards or I%atchJ .60
5 I %on1t $o out no% as it IrainJ and I -Inot haveJ an u("rella0
6 .he last train IleaveJ the station at 110300
# <e usuall! Ispea)J so 8uic)l! that I Inot understandJ hi(0
& Ann I(a)eJ a dress -or hersel- at the (o(ent0 2he I(a)eJ all her
o%n clothes0
' <ardl! an!one I%earJ a hat no%ada!s0
10 I1( a-raid I1ve "ro)en one o- !our co--ee cups0 >
?on1t %orr!0 I Inot li)eJ that set an!%a!0
11 I I%earJ (! sun$lasses toda! "ecause the sun is ver! stron$0
1+ .o( can1t have the ne%spaper no% "ecause his aunt IreadJ it0
13 I1( "us! at the (o(ent0 I IredecorateJ the sittin$ roo(0
14 .he )ettle I"oilJ no%0 2hall I (a)e the tea@
41
15 Aou Ienjo!J !oursel- or %ould !ou li)e to leave no%@ -
I Ienjo!J (!sel- ver! (uch0 I I%antJ to sta! to the end0
16 <o% !ou I$etJ to %or) as a rule@ ;
I usuall! I$oJ "! "us "ut to(orro% I I$oJ in .o(1s car0
1# :h! !ou IputJ on !our coat@ ;
I I$oJ -or a %al)0 Aou Ico(eJ %ith (e@-
Aes* I1d love to co(e0 Aou I(indJ i- I "rin$ (! do$@
1& <o% (uch !ou Io%eJ hi(@-
I Io%eJ hi( D50 ;
Aou IintendJ to pa! hi(@
1' Aou I"elon$J to !our local li"rar!@ -
Aes* I do0 -
Aou IreadJ a lot@-
Aes* 8uite a lot0 -
<o% o-ten !ou Ichan$eJ !our "oo)s@ >
I Ichan$eJ one ever! da!0
+0 4ar! usuall! IlearnJ lan$ua$es ver! 8uic)l! "ut she Inot see(J a"le
to learn (odern Gree)0
+1 I al%a!s I"u!J lotter! tic)ets "ut I never I%inJ an!thin$0
++ Aou Ili)eJ this nec)lace@ I I$iveJ it to (! dau$hter -or her "irthda!
to(orro%0
+3 I %on1t tell !ou (! secret unless !ou Ipro(iseJ not to tell an!one0 -
I Ipro(iseJ0
+4 Aou al%a!s I%riteJ %ith !our le-t hand@
+5 Aou IloveJ hi(@-
Ho* I Ili)eJ hi( ver! (uch "ut I Inot loveJ hi(0
+6 Aou Idrea(J at ni$ht@-
Aes* I al%a!s Idrea(J and i- I IeatJ too (uch supper I IhaveJ
ni$ht(ares0
+# .he (il) Is(ellJ sour0 Aou I)eepJ (il) a lon$ ti(e@
+& .hese %or)(en are never satis-ied9 the! al%a!s Ico(plainJ0
+' :e IuseJ this roo( toda! "ecause the %indo% in the other roo( is
"ro)en0
30 <e al%a!s Isa!J that he %ill (end the %indo% "ut he never IdoJ it0
31 Aou I)no%J %h! an apple I-allJ do%n and not up@
3+ Aou I%riteJ to hi( toni$ht@ -
Aes* I al%a!s I%riteJ to hi( on his "irthda!0 Aou I%antJ to send an!
(essa$e@
33 .o( and 4r Pitt IhaveJ a lon$ conversation0 I I%onderJ %hat the!
Ital)J a"out0
34 Aou I"elieveJ all that the ne%spapers sa!@-
Ho* I Inot "elieveJ an! o- it0 ;
.hen %h! !ou IreadJ ne%spapers@
35 .his car I(a)eJ a ver! stran$e noise0 Aou Ithin)J it is all ri$ht@-
Gh* that noise Inot (atterJ0 It al%a!s I(a)eJ a noise li)e that0
36 .he -ire Is(o)eJ horri"l!0 I can1t see across the roo(0 -
I IepectJ that "irds I"uildJ a nest in the chi(ne!0 -
:h! !ou Inot putJ %ire across the tops o- !our chi(ne!s@ -
4+
.o( IdoJ that so(eti(es "ut it Inot see(J to (a)e an! di--erence0
(he si!ple present and the present continuous
PEG 164-#4
Put the ver"s in "rac)ets into the si(ple present or present continuous tense0
1 :hat .o( Ithin)J o- the Bud$et@ -
<e Ithin)J it (ost un-air0 ;
I Ia$reeJ %ith hi(0
+ :hat this one IcostJ@-
It IcostJ -ort! pence0
3 Aou IhearJ the %ind@ It I"lo%J ver! stron$l! toni$ht0
4 Aou IseeJ (! car )e!s an!%here@ -
Ho* I Iloo)J -or the( "ut I Inot seeJ the(0
5 <e never IlistenJ to %hat !ou sa!0 <e al%a!s Ithin)J a"out so(ethin$ else0
6 .his "oo) is a"out a (an %ho IdesertJ his -a(il! and I$oJ to live on a Paci-ic island0
# Aou IunderstandJ %hat the lecturer is sa!in$@ ;
Ho* I Inot understandJ hi( at all0
& :hat !ou IhaveJ -or "rea)-ast usuall!@ ;
I usuall! IeatJ a carrot and Idrin)J a $lass o- cold %ater0
' :hen the curtain IriseJ %e IseeJ a $roup o- %or)ers0 .he! Ipic)etJ -actor! $ate0
10 :h! !ou I%al)J so -ast toda!@ Aou usuall! I%al)J 8uite slo%l!0 ;
I Ihurr!J "ecause I I(eetJ (! (other at 4 o1cloc) and she Inot li)eJ to "e )ept
%aitin$0
11 I I%ishJ that do$ %ould lie do%n0 <e I)eepJ ju(pin$ up on (! lap0 ;
I Ithin)J he I%antJ to $o -or a %al)0
1+ Aou Ireco$niFeJ that (an@ ;
I Ithin)J that I have seen hi( "e-ore "ut I Inot re(e("erJ his na(e
13 =oo) at that cro%d0 I I%onderJ %hat the! I%aitJ -or0
14 .his (essa$e has just arrived and the (an I%aitJ in case !ou I%antJ to send a repl!0
15 2topC Aou Inot seeJ the notice@ ;
I IseeJ it "ut I can1t read it "ecause I Inot %earJ (! $lasses0 :hat it Isa!J@ ;
It Isa!J 1.hese pre(ises are patrolled "! $uard do$s10
16 2he al%a!s I"orro%J -ro( (e and she never Ire(e("erJ to pa! (e "ac)0
1# Aou IneedJ another "lan)et or !ou I-eelJ %ar( enou$h@
1& It IsaveJ ti(e i- !ou Ita)eJ the path throu$h the %ood@ ;
Ho* it Inot (atterJ %hich path !ou ta)e0
1' I IsaveJ up "ecause I I$oJ a"road in Eul!0
+0 I Ithin)J it is a pit! !ou don1t ta)e (ore eercise0 Aou I$etJ -at0
+1 .he plane that !ou Iloo)J at no% just Ita)eJ o-- -or Paris*
++ .o( never IdoJ an! %or) in the $arden9 he al%a!s I%or)J on his car0
+3 :hat he IdoJ to his car no%@ ;
I Ithin)J he IpolishJ it0
+4 .hat -il( Ico(eJ to the local cine(a net %ee)0 Aou I%antJ to see it@
+5 <o% Peter I$etJ on at school@ ;
6er! %ell0 <e Isee(J to li)e the li-e0
43
+6 :h! 4rs Pitt Iloo)J so an$r!@ ;
4r Pitt Is(o)eJ a ci$arette and IdropJ the ash on the carpet0
+# .his is our itinerar!0 :e IleaveJ ho(e on the &th* IarriveJ in Paris on the 'th* IspendJ
the da! in Paris* and IsetJ out that ni$ht -or 6enice0 ;
.hat IsoundJ (ost interestin$0 Aou (ust tell (e all a"out it %hen !ou I$etJ "ac)0
+& .his stor! is a"out a "o! %ho I(a)eJ -riends %ith a sna)e %hich he I-indJ in his
$arden0 .hen he I$oJ a%a! "ut he Inot -or$etJ the sna)e and so(e !ears later he
IreturnJ and Iloo)J -or it0
+' <e I-indJ the sna)e %ho Ireco$niFeJ its old -riend and IcoilJ round hi( a--ectionatel!0
But* un-ortunatel!* the sna)e is "! no% a -ull-$ro%n "oa-constrictor and its e("race
I)illJ the poor "o!0
30 .he sna)e I-eelJ sorr! a"out this@-
I Inot )no%J0 .he stor! IendJ there0
31 <o% !ou IendJ a letter that I"e$inJ* 1?ear 2ir1@ ;
I al%a!s IputJ* 1Aours trul!1* "ut .o( Ipre-erJ 1Aours -aith-ull!10
3+ :hat the %ord 1catastrophe1 I(eanJ@ ;
It I(eanJ 1disaster10
33 :hat !ou I%aitJ -or@-
I I%aitJ -or the shop to open0 -
But it Inot openJ till '0000 -
I I)no%J "ut I I%antJ to "e earl!* as their sale IstartJ toda!0
34 :h! !ou Is(o)eJ a ci$ar* 4rs Pitt@ Aou Inot s(o)eJ ci$ars as a rule0 ;
I Is(o)eJ it "ecause I I%antJ the ash0 .his "oo) Isa!J that ci$ar ash (ied %ith oil
Ire(oveJ heat stains -ro( %ood0
35 :ho Io%nJ this u("rella@ ;
I Inot )no%J0 Ever!"od! IuseJ it "ut no"od! I)no%J %ho Io%nJ it0
36 Aou I(indJ i- I Ias)J !ou a 8uestion@ ;
.hat IdependJ on the 8uestion0 ;
It IconcernJ !our "rother0 ;
I Ire-useJ to ans%er an! 8uestion a"out (! "rother0
(he si!ple past tense
PEG 1#5-6
Put the ver"s in the -ollo%in$ sentences into the si(ple past tense0
1 I $o to %or) "! "us0
+ I (eet her on .uesda!s0
3 <e al%a!s %ears "lac)0
4 I (a)e ca)es ever! %ee)0
5 2he $ets up at 60300
6 <e understands (e0
# <e shuts the shop at 60000
& 2he spea)s slo%l!0
' <e leaves the house at '0000
10 I read a chapter ever! ni$ht0
11 Aou eat too (uch0
44
1+ I see hi( ever! da!0
13 .o( sin$s in the choir0
14 <e cries %hen he is hurt0
15 :ho )no%s the ans%er@
16 I thin) I )no% it0
1# .he curtain rises at &0000
1& <e ta)es the do$ out t%ice a da!0
1' :e "u! the( here0
+0 I drea( ever! ni$ht0
+1 Bluetits o-ten la! e$$s in that nestin$ "o0
++ <e o-ten -eels ill0
+3 I )no% %hat he %ants0
+4 I usuall! pa! hi( D50
+5 <is do$ al%a!s "ites (e0
+6 It s(ells odd0
+# It costs 30p0
+& 4! "ac) hurts0
+' I lie do%n a-ter lunch0
30 :e drin) %ater0
31 <is roses $ro% %ell0
3+ <e rides ever! da!0
33 <e o-ten -alls o--0
34 .hese do$s -i$ht %henever the! (eet0
35 <e puts up his prices ever! !ear0
36 <e sleeps "adl!0
(he si!ple past tense
PEG 1#5-6
Put the ver"s in the -ollo%in$ sentences into IaJ the ne$ative I"J the interro$ative0
1 2he sa% !our "rother0
+ :e heard a terri"le noise0
3 <e slept till 100000
4 <e loo)ed at the picture0
5 .he! dran) all the %ine0
6 .he! set out earl! enou$h0
# 2he thou$ht a"out it0
& .he police cau$ht the thie-0
' <e hid the letter0
10 2he -ound her %atch0
11 <is nose "led0
1+ 4! (other chose this hotel0
13 2he lent !ou enou$h (one!0
14 Nei)o tau$ht Eapanese0
15 .o( hurt his -oot0
16 <e "ro)e his ar(0
1# <is %i-e ca(e at &0000
1& <e lost his %allet0
45
1' <is son %rote a novel0
+0 .he! -le% to He% Aor)0
+1 Ann dre% !ou a (ap0
++ .o( laid the ta"le0
+3 4r Pitt -ell do%nstairs0
+4 2he lost her %a!0
+5 <e -or"ade her to leave0
+6 I sent it to the laundr!0
+# Eac) )ept the (one!0
+& <e rode slo%l!0
+' .he! spent it all0
30 2he sold the car0
31 Eean ran$ the "ell0
3+ .he sun rose at 60000
33 .he "o!s ran ho(e0
34 <e shoo) the "ottle0
35 <e -or$ave her0
36 .he! "roadcast an appeal -or (one!0
(he past continuous tense
PEG 1#&
Put the ver"s in "rac)ets into the past continuous tense0
1 ?etective: I1( a-raid I (ust as) !ou "oth %hat !ou IdoJ !esterda! at 100+0 p0(0
4r O: I Ipla!J chess %ith (! %i-e0
4r A: I IlistenJ to a pla! on the radio0
+ .he children %ere -ri$htened "ecause it I$etJ dar)0
3 It %as a -ine da! and the roads %ere cro%ded "ecause a lot o- people IrushJ to the
seaside0
4 .he airplane in %hich the -oot"all tea( ItravelJ crashed soon a-ter ta)in$ o--0
5 <e usuall! %ears sandals "ut %hen I last sa% hi( he I%earJ "oots0
6 .he house %as in $reat disorder "ecause he IredecorateJ it0
# .he director didn1t allo% the actors to travel "! air %hile the! I%or)J on the -il(0
& .he car had no"od! in it "ut the en$ine IrunJ0
' .%o children Ipla!J on the sand and t%o -isher(en IleanJ a$ainst an upturned "oat0
10 I %as alone in the house at that ti(e "ecause 4r Eones I%or)J in the $ara$e and 4rs
Eones IshopJ0
11 <e said that he %as the captain o- a ship %hich IsailJ that ni$ht -or 4arseilles0
1+ Are !ou $oin$ to Ko(e@ I thou$ht that !ou I$oJ to 4ilan0
13 4! %i-e and I Ital)J a"out !ou the other da!0
14 :hen I -irst (et hi( he Istud!J paintin$0
15 .here %as a stron$ s(ell and the sound o- -r!in$0 G"viousl! 4rs Eones Icoo)J -ish0
16 .o( ate nothin$ -or lunch "ecause he IdietJ0 <e said that he Itr!J to lose 10 )ilos0
1# :ho !ou Ital)J to on the telephone as I ca(e in@
I Ital)J to 4r Pitt0
1& As she Icli("J the ladder it slipped side%a!s and she -ell o-- it0
46
1' :hen I -irst (et hi( he I%or)J in a restaurant0
+0 <e %atched the children -or a (o(ent0 2o(e o- the( I"atheJ in the sea* others Iloo)J
-or shells* others Ipla!J in the sand0
+1 :here he IliveJ %hen !ou sa% hi( last@
++ 2he IstandJ at the "us stop0 I as)ed her %hat "us she I%aitJ -or0
+3 5ro( the sounds it %as clear that 4ar! IpractiseJ the piano0
+4 .here had "een an accident and (en Icarr!J the injured people to an a("ulance0
+5 .%o (en I-i$htJ at a street co(er and a police(an Itr!J to stop the(0 ;
:hat the! I-i$htJ a"out@ ;
Ho"od! see(ed to )no%0
+6 .o( IsitJ in a corner %ith a "oo)0 I told hi( that he IreadJ in ver! "ad li$ht0
+# I %ent into the $arden to see %hat the "o!s IdoJ0 Ea(es I%eedJ and Aleander IcutJ
the $rass0
+& .he! had ta)en o-- the %heel o- the car and I(endJ the puncture0 I as)ed %hen it
%ould "e read!0
+' :hen I arrived at the (eetin$ the -irst spea)er had just -inished spea)in$ and the
audience IclapJ*
30 .he tra--ic I(a)eJ so (uch noise that I couldn1t hear %hat he Isa!J0
31 :hile he IlearnJ to drive he had t%ent!--ive accidents0
3+ <e had a "ad -all %hile he IrepairJ his roo-0
33 <e %as a little (ad0 <e al%a!s Itr!J to prove that the earth %as -lat0
34 :hile %e I-ishJ so(eone ca(e to the house and le-t this note0
35 .he ea( had just "e$un and the candidates I%riteJ their na(es at the top o- their
papers0
36 Eust as I I%onderJ %hat to do net* the phone ran$0
(he si!ple past and the past continuous
PEG 1#5-&1
Put the ver"s in "rac)ets into the si(ple past or the past continuous tense0
1 I lit the -ire at 6000 and it I"u(J "ri$htl! %hen .o( ca(e in at #0000
+ :hen I arrived the lecture had alread! started and the pro-essor I%riteJ on the overhead
projector0
3 I I(a)eJ a ca)e %hen the li$ht %ent out0 I had to -inish it in the dar)0
4 I didn1t %ant to (eet Paul so %hen he entered the roo( I IleaveJ0
5 7n-ortunatel! %hen I arrived Ann just IleaveJ* so %e onl! had ti(e -or a -e% %ords0
6 <e I%atchJ .6 %hen the phone ran$0 6er! un%illin$l! he IturnJ do%n the sound and
I$oJ to ans%er it0
# <e %as ver! polite0 :henever his %i-e entered the roo( he IstandJ up0
& .he ad(iral Ipla!J "o%ls %hen he received ne%s o- the invasion0 <e IinsistJ on
-inishin$ the $a(e0
' 4! do$ I%al)J alon$ 8uietl! %hen 4r Pitt1s Pe)inese attac)ed hi(0
10 :hen I arrived she IhaveJ lunch0 2he apolo$iFed -or startin$ %ithout (e "ut said that
she al%a!s IlunchJ at 1+0300
11 <e al%a!s I%earJ a raincoat and Icarr!J an u("rella %hen he %al)ed to the o--ice0
1+ :hat !ou Ithin)J o- his last "oo)@ ;
4#
I Ili)eJ it ver! (uch0
13 I IshareJ a -lat %ith hi( %hen %e %ere students0 <e al%a!s Ico(plainJ a"out (!
untidiness0
14 <e suddenl! IrealiFeJ that he ItravelJ in the %ron$ direction0
15 <e Ipla!J the $uitar outside her house %hen so(eone opened the %indo% and Ithro%J
out a "uc)et o- %ater0
16 I just IopenJ the letter %hen the %ind I"lo%J it out o- (! hand0
1# .he "ur$lar IopenJ the sa-e %hen he IhearJ -ootsteps0 <e i((ediatel! IputJ out his
torch and Icra%lJ under the "ed0
1& :hen I Iloo)J -or (! passport I I-indJ this old photo$raph0
1' Aou loo)ed ver! "us! %hen I IseeJ !ou last ni$ht0 :hat !ou IdoJ@
+0 .he "o!s Ipla!J cards %hen the! IhearJ their -ather1s step0 .he! i((ediatel! IhideJ
the cards and Ita)eJ out their lesson "oo)s0
+1 <e IcleanJ his $un %hen it accidentall! I$oJ o-- and I)illJ hi(0
++ <e Inot allo%J us to $o out in the "oat !esterda! as a stron$ %ind I"lo%J0
+3 As I IcrossJ the road I IstepJ on a "anana s)in and I-allJ heavil!0
+4 I still IlieJ on the road %hen I IseeJ a lorr! approachin$0
+5 =uc)il! the driver IseeJ (e and IstopJ the lorr! in ti(e0
+6 <o% !ou Ida(a$eJ !our car so "adl!@ ;
I IrunJ into a la(p-post !esterda!0 ;
I suppose !ou IdriveJ too 8uic)l! or %ere not loo)in$ %here !ou I$oJ0
+# As he I$etJ into the "us it IstartJ suddenl! and he I-allJ "ac)%ards on to the road0
+& I IcallJ Paul at #000 "ut it %asn1t necessar! "ecause he alread! I$etJ up0
+' :hen he I(endJ the -use he I$etJ a ver! "ad shoc)0
30 :hen I IhearJ his )noc) I I$oJ to the door and IopenJ it* "ut I Inot reco$niFeJ hi( at
-irst "ecause I Inot %earJ (! $lasses0
31 :hen I ca(e in the! IsitJ round the -ire0 4r Pitt IdoJ a cross%ord puFFle* 4rs Pitt
I)nitJ* the others IreadJ0 4rs Pitt Is(ileJ at (e and Isa!J* 13o(e and sit do%n01
3+ :hile the $uests IdanceJ thieves I"rea)J into the house and IstealJ a lot o- -ur coats0
33 .he net da!* as the! I)no%J that the police Iloo)J -or the(* the! IhideJ the coats in
a %ood and I$oJ o-- in di--erent directions0
34 2he %as ver! etrava$ant0 2he al%a!s I"u!J hersel- ne% clothes0
35 <er (other o-ten ItellJ her that she IspendJ too (uch (one! "ut she never IlistenJ0
36 :henever the dru((er I"e$inJ practisin$* the people in the net -lat I"an$J on
the %all0
(he si!ple past and the past continuous
PEG 1#5-&1
Put the ver"s in "rac)ets into the si(ple past or past continuous tense0
1 4r 2(ith never I%a)eJ up in ti(e in the (ornin$s and al%a!s I$etJ into trou"le -or
"ein$ late9 so one da! he I$oJ to to%n and I"u!J an alar( cloc)0
+ .o $et ho(e he Ihave toJ $o throu$h a -ield %here a "ad-te(pered "ull usuall! I$raFeJ0
3 .his "ull nor(all! Inot chaseJ people unless so(ethin$ I(a)eJ hi( an$r!0
7n-ortunatel!* as 4r 2(ith IcrossJ the -ield* his alar( cloc) I$oJ o--0
4 .his Ianno!J the "ull* %ho i((ediatel! I"e$inJ to chase 4r 2(ith0
5 4r 2(ith Icarr!J an open u("rella as it IrainJ sli$htl!0 <e Ithro%J the u("rella to the
$round and IrunJ a%a! as -ast as he could0
4&
6 .he "ull IstopJ and I"e$inJ to attac) the u("rella0 :hile he IdoJ this 4r 2(ith
escaped0
# :hen he Ia%a)eJ she IsitJ "! the %indo%0 2he Iloo)J at so(ethin$ in the street* "ut
%hen he IcallJ her she IturnJ and Is(ileJ at hi(0
& :h! !ou IinterruptJ (e just no%@ I IhaveJ a ver! interestin$ conversation %ith 4r Pitt0
' .he (urderer Icarr!J the corpse do%n the stairs %hen he IhearJ a )noc) on the door0
10 :hen I Iloo)J throu$h !our "oo)s I InoticeJ that !ou have a cop! o- :urder in the
7athedral.
11 As the! I%al)J alon$ the road the! IhearJ a car co(in$ -ro( "ehind the(0 .o( IturnJ
round and IholdJ up his hand0 .he car IstopJ0
1+ :hen I IarriveJ at the station 4ar! I%aitJ -or (e0 2he I%earJ a "lue dress and Iloo)J
ver! prett!0 As soon as she IseeJ (e she I%aveJ and IshoutJ so(ethin$* "ut I couldn1t
hear %hat she Isa!J "ecause ever!"od! I(a)eJ such a noise0
13 .he prisoner IescapeJ "! cli("in$ the %all o- the $arden %here he I%or)J0 <e I%earJ
"lue overalls and "lac) shoes0
14 2he said that the car ItravelJ at 40 )0p0h0 %hen it I"e$inJ to s)id0
15 2he said that she Inot li)eJ her present -lat and Itr!J to -ind another0
16 :hile he I(a)eJ his speech the (inister suddenl! I-eelJ -aint0 But so(eone I"rin$J
hi( a $lass o- %ater and a-ter a -e% (inutes he I"e a"leJ to continue0
1# :hen I IseeJ hi( he IpaintJ a portrait o- his %i-e0 ;
Aou Ili)eJ it@ ;
<e onl! just IstartJ %hen I IseeJ it* so I couldn1t jud$e0
1& I Ita)eJ (! -riend to a (urder trial the other da!0 ;
:ho I"eJ tried@-
A (an called Bill 2!)es0 ;
:as he ac8uitted@ >
I don1t )no%0 .he! still IlistenJ to the evidence %hen %e IleaveJ0
1' I I"eJ sorr! that I Ihave toJ leave the part! earl!* "ecause I Ienjo!J (!sel-0
+0 As %e Ico(eJ here a police(an IstopJ us0 <e Isa!J that he Iloo)J -or so(e stolen
propert! and Ias)J i- he could search the car0
+1 I IseeJ !ou !esterda! -ro( the "us0 :h! !ou IuseJ a stic)@ ;
I IuseJ a stic) "ecause I had hurt (! le$ that (ornin$ -allin$ o-- a horse0 ;
:hose horse !ou IrideJ@
++ .he -loor %as covered %ith "alls o- %ool0 G"viousl! 4rs Pitt I)nitJ so(ethin$0
+3 Ann said that she I"eJ on holida!0 I Isa!J that I IhopeJ that she Ienjo!J hersel-0
+4 :hile he I%aterJ the -lo%ers it I"e$inJ to rain0 <e IputJ up his u("rella and I$oJ on
%aterin$0
+5 I just I%riteJ a che8ue %hen I Ire(e("erJ that I IhaveJ nothin$ in the "an)0
+6 I I-indJ this rin$ as I Idi$J in the $arden0 It loo)s ver! old0 I %onder %ho it I"elon$J
to@
+# :hen I last IseeJ her she Ihurr!J alon$ the road to the station0 I Ias)J her %here she
I$oJ and she Isa!J* 1=ondon1* "ut I don1t thin) she Ispea)J the truth "ecause there
Inot "eJ an! train -or =ondon at that ti(e0
+& .he tailor said* 1Aour suit %ill "e read! on 4onda!01 But %hen I IcallJ on 4onda! he
still I%or)J on it0
+' .he teacher Ico(eJ into the classroo( unusuall! earl! and one o- the "o!s* %ho
Is(o)eJ a ci$arette* IhaveJ no ti(e to put it out0 2o he Ithro%J it into the des) and
IhopeJ -or the "est0
4'
30 A little later the teacher InoticeJ that s(o)e IriseJ -ro( this des)0
1Aou Is(o)eJ %hen I Ico(eJ in@1 he Ias)J0
31 :hile I Is%i(J so(eone IstealJ (! clothes and I Ihave toJ %al) ho(e in (!
s%i(suit0
3+ .he (en Isa!J that the! I%or)J on the road outside (! house and that the! I%antJ
so(e %ater to (a)e tea0
33 <e Isa!J that he I"uildJ hi(sel- a house and that he Ithin)J it %ould "e read! in t%o
!ears0
34 At 3 a0(0 4rs Pitt I%a)eJ her hus"and and Isa!J that she Ithin)J that so(eone Itr!J to
$et into the house0
35 :h! !ou IlendJ hi( that "oo)@ I still IreadJ it0 ;
I1( sorr!0 I Inot )no%J that !ou still IreadJ it0
36 I Ico(eJ in ver! late last ni$ht and un-ortunatel! the do$ I%a)eJ up and IstartJ to
"ar)0 .his I%a)eJ (! (other %ho Ico(eJ to the top o- the stairs and Isa!J* 1:ho is
there@1
I Isa!J0 It is (e*1 "ut she Inot hearJ (e "ecause the do$ I"ar)J so loudl!* so she I$oJ
"ac) to her roo( and ItelephoneJ the police0
(he present per$ect tense
PEG 1&+-'
Put the ver"s in "rac)ets into the present per-ect tense* and -ill the spaces "! repeatin$
the auiliar!0

Aou I%ashJ the plates@ ;
Aes* I000
Have you washed the plates? ~
Yes, I have.
Aou IseeJ hi( latel!@ ;
Ho* I000
Have you seen him lately?~
No, I haven't.
1 :here !ou I"eJ@ ;
I I"eJ to the dentist0
+ Aou IhaveJ "rea)-ast@ ;
Aes* 1000
3 .he post Ico(eJ@ ;
Aes* it 0 0 0
4 Aou IseeJ (! %atch an!%here@ ;
Ho* I1( a-raid I 0 0 0
5 2o(eone I%indJ the cloc)@ ;
Aes* .o( 0 0 0
6 I Inot -inishJ (! letter !et0
# <e just I$oJ out0
& 2o(eone Ita)eJ (! "ic!cle0
' .he phone IstopJ rin$in$0
50
10 Aou IhearJ -ro( her latel!@ -
Ho* 1000
11 I just I%ashJ that -loor0
1+ .he cat IstealJ the -ish0
13 Aou IeplainJ the eercise@ ;
Aes* 1000
14 .here aren1t an! "uses "ecause the drivers I$oJ on stri)e0
15 Aou IhaveJ enou$h to eat@ ;
Aes* I IhaveJ plent!* than) !ou0
16 3harles IpassJ his ea(@ ;
Aes* he000
1# <o% (an! "ottles the (il)(an IleaveJ@ ;
<e IleaveJ si0
1& I IliveJ here -or ten !ears0
1' <o% lon$ !ou I)no%J 4r Pitt@ ;
I I)no%J hi( -or ten !ears0
+0 :ould !ou li)e so(e co--ee@ I just I(a)eJ so(e0
+1 4ar! I%aterJ the to(atoes@ ;
Aes* I thin) she 0 0 0
++ Aou Inot (a)eJ a (ista)e@ ;
Ho* I1( sure I 0 0 0
+3 :h! !ou Inot (endJ the -use@ ;
I Inot haveJ ti(e0
+4 Aou IdiveJ -ro( the ten-(etre "oard !et@ ;
Ho* I000
+5 Aou ever IleaveJ a restaurant %ithout pa!in$ the "ill@ ;
Ho* I000
+6 I Ias)J hi( to dinner several ti(es0
+# <e al%a!s Ire-useJ0
+& Aou ever IrideJ a ca(el@
+' I I"u!J a ne% carpet0 3o(e and loo) at it0
30 <e IpostJ the letter@
31 :h! he Inot -inishJ@ <e IhaveJ plent! o- ti(e0
3+ I o-ten IseeJ hi( "ut I never Ispea)J to hi(0
33 Aou ever IeatJ caviar@ ;
Ho* 1000
34 :e just IhearJ the (ost etraordinar! ne%s0
35 .he police IrecaptureJ the prisoners %ho escaped !esterda!0
36 I Inot pa!J the telephone "ill !et0
(he present per$ect and the si!ple past
PEG 1#5-#* 1&+-'
IaJ 5ill the spaces "! repeatin$ the auiliar! used in the 8uestion* puttin$ it into the
ne$ative %here necessar!0
I"J Put the ver" in "rac)ets into the present per-ect or the si(ple past tense0
<ave !ou seen that pla!@ IaJ Aes* I 0 0 0
51
Yes, I ha*e.
I"J Aes* I I"eJ there last ni$ht0
Yes, I was there last night.
1 <ave !ou %ound the cloc)@ IaJ Aes* I 0 0 0
I"J Aes* I I%indJ it on 4onda
+ <ave !ou ever eaten snails@ IaJ Ho* I 0 0 0
I"J Aes* I IeatJ so(e at .o(1s part! last %ee)0
3 <as she -ed the do$@ IaJ Aes* I thin) she 0 0 0
I"J Aes* she I-eedJ hi( "e-ore lunch0
4 <ave the! repaired the road@ IaJ Ho* the! 0 0 0
I"J .he! onl! IrepairJ part o- it so -ar0
5 <ave the! done their ho(e%or)@ IaJ Aes* the! IdoJ it all0
I"J Aes* the! IdoJ it "e-ore the! le-t school0
6 <ave !ou -ound the (atches@ IaJ Ho* I 0 0 0
I"J Ho* I Inot -indJ the( !et0
# <ave !ou (ade the co--ee@ IaJ Aes* I 000
I"J I I(a)eJ so(e !esterda!: %e can use that0
& <ave !ou "een here "e-ore@ IaJ Ho* I 000
I"J Aes* I I"eJ here several ti(es0
' <ave !ou seen hi( latel!@ IaJ Ho* I 0 0 0
I"J Ho* I Inot seeJ hi( since 3hrist(as0
10 <ave !ou "een to the opera this IaJ Aes* I 0 0 0
%ee)@
I"J Aes* I I$oJ to ;aust on 5rida!0
11 <ave !ou ever driven this car@ IaJ Aes* I IdriveJ it once or t%ice0
I"J Aes* I IdriveJ it %hen !ou %ere a%a!0
1+ <as he (issed his train@ IaJ Ho* he 0000
I"J Aes* he 0 0 0 It I$oJ -ive (inutes a$o0
13 <ave the! "een throu$h
3usto(s@ IaJ Aes* the! 0 0 0
I"J Aes* their lu$$a$e I"eJ ea(ined at ?over0
14 <as he spo)en to her@ IaJ Aes* he 0 0 0
I"J Aes* he Ispea)J to her on 5rida!0
15 <ave !ou spent all !our (one!@ IaJ Ho* I onl! IspendJ hal- o- it0
I"J Aes* 1000
16 <o% (uch have !ou saved IaJ I Inot saveJ an!thin$0
since 3hrist(as@ I"J I IsaveJ D30
1# <as his te(perature $one do%n@ IaJ Ho* it 0 0 0
I"J Aes* it I$oJ do%n last ni$ht0
1& <ave !ou seen his $arden@ IaJ Ho* I Inot seeJ it !et0
I"J I IseeJ the house on 4onda! "ut I Inot seeJ
the $arden0
1' <ave !ou paid the "ill@ IaJ Aes* I000
I"J Aes* I Ipa!J it %hile !ou %ere a%a!0
+0 <ave !ou ever -lo%n a plane@ IaJ Ho* I 0 0 0
I"J Aes* I I-l!J %hen I %as at universit!0
5+
+1 <as !our do$ ever "itten an!one@ IaJ Aes* he I"iteJ a police(an
last %ee)0
I"J Aes* he I"iteJ (e t%ice0
++ <ave !ou planted !our peas@ IaJ Aes* I IplantJ the( on
.uesda!0
I"J Ho* 1000 !et0
+3 <as he %ritten to the paper@ IaJ Aes* he 0 0 0
I"J Aes* he I%riteJ at once0
+4 <ave !ou ever drun) vod)a@ IaJ Ho* 1000
I"J I Idrin)J it once in Kussia "ut I Inot drin)J
it
since0
(he present per$ect and the si!ple past
PEG 1#5-#*1&+-'
Put the ver"s in "rac)ets into the present per-ect or the si(ple past tense0 In so(e
sentences the present per-ect continuous IPEG 1'0J is also possi"le0
1 .his is (! house0 ;
<o% lon$ !ou IliveJ here@ ;
I IliveJ here since 1'#00
+ <e IliveJ in =ondon -or t%o !ears and then I$oJ to Edin"ur$h0
3 Aou I%earJ !our hair lon$ %hen !ou %ere at school@ ;
Aes* (! (other IinsistJ on it0
4 But %hen I IleaveJ school I IcutJ (! hair and I%earJ it short ever since0
5 2ha)espeare I%riteJ a lot o- pla!s0
6 4! "rother I%riteJ several pla!s0 <e just I-inishJ his second tra$ed!0
# I I-l!J over =och Hess last %ee)0 ;
Aou IseeJ the =och Hess (onster@
& I Inot seeJ hi( -or three !ears0 I %onder %here he is0
' <e Inot s(o)eJ -or t%o %ee)s0 <e is tr!in$ to $ive it up0
10 3hopin Ico(poseJ so(e o- his (usic in 4ajorca0
11 :hen he IarriveJ@ ;
<e IarriveJ at +0000
1+ Aou Iloc)J the door "e-ore !ou le-t the house@
13 I IreadJ his "oo)s %hen I %as at school0 I Ienjo!J the( ver! (uch0
14 I can1t $o out "ecause I Inot -inishJ (! %or)0
15 I never Idrin)J %his)!0 ;
:ell* have so(e no%0
16 I I%riteJ the letter "ut I can1t -ind a sta(p0
1# .he cloc) is slo%0 ;
It isn1t slo%* it IstopJ0
1& <ere are !our shoes9 I just IcleanJ the(0
1' I IleaveJ ho(e at &000 and I$etJ here at t%elve0
+0 I IdoJ this sort o- %or) %hen I I"eJ an apprentice0
53
+1 <e just I$oJ out0
++ <e I$oJ out ten (inutes a$o0
+3 Aou IhaveJ "rea)-ast !et@ ;
Aes* I IhaveJ it at &0000
+4 I I(eetJ hi( last Eune0
+5 Aou IseeJ the (oon last ni$ht@
+6 .he concert I"e$inJ at +030 and IlastJ -or t%o hours0 Ever!one Ienjo!J it ver! (uch0
+# .he pla! just I"e$inJ0 Aou are a little late0
+& .he ne%spaper Ico(eJ@ ;
Aes* Ann is readin$ it0
+' .he actors IarriveJ !esterda! and IstartJ rehearsals earl! this (ornin$0
30 It I"eJ ver! cold this !ear0 I %onder %hen it is $oin$ to $et %ar(er0
31 3ervantes I%riteJ ,on <ui/ote.
3+ :e I(issJ the "us0 Ho% %e1ll have to %al)0
33 <e I"rea)J his le$ in a s)iin$ accident last !ear0
34 4r Pound is the "an) (ana$er0 <e I"eJ here -or -ive !ears0
35 4r 3ount I%or)J as a cashier -or t%ent!--ive !ears0 .hen he IretireJ and I$oJ to live
in the countr!0
36 Aou I"eJ here "e-ore@ ;
Aes* I IspendJ (! holida!s here last !ear0 ;
Aou IhaveJ a $ood ti(e@ ;
Ho* it never IstopJ rainin$0
(he present per$ect and the si!ple past
PEG 1#5-#*1&+-'
Put the ver"s in "rac)ets into the present per-ect or si(ple past tense0 5ill the spaces "!
repeatin$ the auiliar! used in the precedin$ ver"0
Aou IseeJ 4ar! on 4onda!@ ;
Aes* I000
,id you see :ary on :onday'"
Yes, I did.
1 :here is .o(@-
I Inot seeJ hi( toda!* "ut he ItellJ 4ar! that he1d "e in -or dinner0
+ I I"u!J this in Bond 2treet0 ;
<o% (uch !ou Ipa!J -or it@ ;
I Ipa!J D1000
3 :here !ou I-indJ this )ni-e@ ;
I I-indJ it in the $arden0 ;
:h! !ou Inot leaveJ it there@
4 I IloseJ (! "lac) $loves0 Aou IseeJ the( an!%here@ ;
Ho* I1( a-raid 10000 :hen !ou last I%earJ the(@ ;
I I%earJ the( at the theatre last ni$ht0 ;
Perhaps !ou IleaveJ the( at the theatre0
5 ?o !ou )no% that lad! %ho just IleaveJ the shop@ ;
Aes* that is 4iss .hri-t0 Is she a custo(er o- !ours@ ;
Hot eactl!0 2he I"eJ in here several ti(es "ut she never I"u!J an!thin$0
54
6 <e IleaveJ the house at &0000 ;
:here he I$oJ@ ;
I Inot seeJ %here he I$oJ0
# <e IserveJ in the 5irst :orld :ar0 ;
:hen that %ar I"e$inJ@ ;
It I"e$inJ in 1'14 and IlastJ -or -our !ears0
& :ho !ou IvoteJ -or at the last election@ ;
I IvoteJ -or 4r Pitt0 ;
<e Inot "eJ elected* I"eJ he@ ;
Ho* he IloseJ his deposit0
' Aou Ili)eJ !our last jo"@ ;
I Ili)eJ it at -irst "ut then I I8uarrelJ %ith (! e(plo!er and he Idis(issJ (e0 ;
<o% lon$ !ou I"eJ there@ ;
I I"eJ there -or t%o %ee)s0
10 I Inot )no%J that !ou I)no%J 4rs Pitt0 <o% lon$ !ou I)no%J her@ ;
I I)no%J her -or ten !ears0
11 .hat is 4r 4inus* %ho teaches (e (athe(atics* "ut he Inot haveJ ti(e to teach (e
(uch0 I onl! I"eJ in his class -or a %ee)0
1+ Aou IhearJ his speech on the radio last ni$ht@ ;
Aes* I 0 0 0 ;
:hat !ou Ithin)J o- it@
13 I Inot )no%J that !ou I"eJ here0 Aou I"eJ here lon$@ ;
Aes* I I"eJ here t%o (onths0 ;
Aou I"eJ to the 3athedral@ ;
Aes* I I$oJ there last 2unda!0
14 Aou ever Itr!J to $ive up s(o)in$@ ;
Aes* I Itr!J last !ear* "ut then I I-indJ that I %as $ettin$ -at so I IstartJ a$ain0
15 Aou IseeJ toda!1s paper@ ;
Ho* an!thin$ interestin$ IhappenJ@
Aes* t%o convicted (urderers IescapeJ -ro( the prison do%n the road0
16 4ar! I-eedJ the cat@ ;
Aes* she I-eedJ hi( "e-ore lunch0 ;
:hat she I$iveJ hi(@ ;
2he I$iveJ hi( so(e -ish0
1# <o% lon$ !ou I)no%J !our ne% assistant@ ;
I I)no%J hi( -or t%o !ears0 ;
:hat he IdoJ "e-ore he Ico(eJ here@ ;
I thin) he I"eJ in prison0
1& I Inot seeJ !our aunt recentl!0 ;
Ho0 2he Inot "eJ out o- her house since she I"u!J her colour .60
1' .he plu("erI"eJhere !et@ ;
Aes* "ut he onl! Ista!J -or an hour0 ;
:hat he IdoJ in that ti(e@ ;
<e IturnJ o-- the %ater and Ie(pt!J the tan)0
+0 :here !ou I"eJ@
I I"eJ out in a !acht0 ;
Aou Ienjo!J it@ ;
Aes* ver! (uch0 :e Ita)eJ part in a race0 ;
55
Aou I%inJ@ ;
Ho* %e Ico(eJ in last0
+1 <o% lon$ that horri"le (onu(ent I"eJ there@ ;
It I"eJ there si (onths0 =ots o- people I%riteJ to the .o%n 3ouncil as)in$ the( to
ta)e it a%a! "ut so -ar nothin$ I"eJ done0
++ I just I"eJ to the -il( 6ar and 8ea#e. Aou IseeJ it@ ;
Ho* 10000 Is it li)e the "oo)@ ;
I Inot readJ the "oo)0 ;
I IreadJ it %hen I I"eJ at school0 ;
:hen .olsto! I%riteJ it@ ;
<e I%riteJ it in 1&6&0 ;
<e I%riteJ an!thin$ else@
+3 <anni"al I"rin$J elephants across the Alps0 ;
:h! he IdoJ that@ ;
<e I%antJ to use the( in "attle0
+4 :here !ou I"eJ@ ;
I I"eJ to the dentist0 ;
<e Ita)eJ out !our "ad tooth@ ;
Aes* he 0 0 0 ;
It IhurtJ@-
Aes* horri"l!0
+5 2he Isa!J that she1d phone (e this (ornin$* "ut it is no% 1+030 and she Inot phoneJ
!et0
+6 I just IreceiveJ a letter sa!in$ that %e Inot pa!J this 8uarter1s electricit! "ill0 I Inot
$iveJ !ou the (one! -or that last %ee)@ ;
Aes* !ou 0 0 0 "ut I1( a-raid I IspendJ it on so(ethin$ else0
+# <o% lon$ !ou I"eJ out o- %or)@ ;
I1( not out o- %or) no%0 I just IstartJ a ne% jo"0 ;
<o% !ou I-indJ the jo"@ ;
I Ians%erJ an advertise(ent in the paper0
+& Aou I-inishJ chec)in$ the accounts@ ;
Ho* not 8uite0 I IdoJ a"out hal- so -ar0
+' I IcutJ (! hand rather "adl!0 <ave !ou a "anda$e@ ;
I1ll $et !ou one0 <o% it IhappenJ@ ;
I %as choppin$ so(e %ood and the ae IslipJ0
30 <o% !ou I$etJ that scar@ ;
I I$etJ it in a car accident a !ear a$o0
31 Aou I(eetJ (! "rother at the lecture !esterda!@ ;
Aes* I 00 00 :e IhaveJ co--ee to$ether a-ter%ards0
3+ <e IloseJ his jo" last (onth and since then he I"eJ out o- %or)0 ;
:h! he IloseJ his jo"@ ;
<e I"eJ ver! rude to 4r Pitt0
33 :hat are all those people loo)in$ at@ ;
.here I"eJ an accident0 ;
Aou IseeJ %hat IhappenJ@ ;
Aes* a (otor c!cle IrunJ into a lorr!0
34 I IphoneJ !ou t%ice !esterda! and I$etJ no ans%er0
35 Gri$inall! horses used in "ull -i$hts Inot %earJ an! protection* "ut
56
-or so(e ti(e no% the! I%earJ special paddin$*
36 .hat house I"eJ e(pt! -or a !ear0 But the! just Ita)eJ do%n the 15or 2ale1 si$n* so I
suppose so(eone I"u!J it0
(he present per$ect continuous tense
PEG 1'0-1
Put the ver"s in "rac)ets into the present per-ect continuous tense
1 I I(a)eJ ca)es0 .hat is %h! (! hands are all covered %ith -lour0
+ <er phone Irin$J -or ten (inutes0 I %onder %h! she doesn1t ans%er it0
3 <e Iover%or)J0 .hat is %h! he loo)s so tired0
4 .here is sa%dust in !our hair0 ;
I1( not surprised0 I IcutJ do%n a tree0
5 <ave !ou seen (! "a$ an!%here@ I Iloo)J -or it -or a$es0
6 :hat !ou IdoJ@ ;
I I%or)J in the la"orator!0
# <e Istud!J Kussian -or t%o !ears and doesn1t even )no% the alpha"et !et0
& <o% lon$ !ou I%aitJ -or (e@ ;
I I%aitJ a"out hal- an hour0
' It IrainJ -or t%o da!s no%0 .here111 "e a -lood soon0
10 :e Iar$ueJ a"out this -or t%o hours no%0 Perhaps %e should stop
11 I I"atheJ0 .hat1s %h! (! hair is all %et0
1+ Aou IdriveJ all da!0 =et (e drive no%0
13 <o% lon$ !ou I%earJ $lasses@
14 .he petrol $au$e Isa!J 1E(pt!1 -or 8uite a lon$ ti(e no%0 ?on1t thin) %e should $et
so(e petrol@
15 I1( sorr! -or )eepin$ !ou %aitin$0 I Itr!J to (a)e a telephone call Ko(e0
16 Aou Inot eatJ enou$h latel!0 .hat1s %h! !ou -eel irrita"le*
1# <e Ispea)J -or an hour no%0 I epect he1ll soon "e -inished0
1& .hat helicopter I-l!J round the house -or the last hour9 do !ou thin) it1s ta)in$
photo$raphs@
1' .he radio Ipla!J since # a0(0 I %ish so(eone %ould turn it o--0
+0 I IshopJ all da! and I haven1t a penn! le-t0
+1 :e IliveJ here since 1'##0
++ I1( on a diet0 I IeatJ nothin$ "ut "ananas -or the last (onth0
+3 .he children Iloo)J -or%ard to this holida! -or (onths0
+4 .hat pipe Ilea)J -or a$es0 :e (ust $et it (ended0
+5 .o( Idi$J in the $arden all a-ternoon and I IhelpJ hi(0
+6 I Ias)J !ou to (end that %indo% -or si %ee)s0 :hen are !ou $oin$ to do it@
+# 2o(eone IuseJ (! "ic!cle0 .he chain1s -allen o--0
+& <o% lon$ !ou IdriveJ@ ;
I IdriveJ -or ten !ears0
+' .he trial I$oJ on -or a lon$ ti(e0 I %onder %hat the verdict %ill "e0
30 It Isno%J -or three da!s no%0 .he roads %ill "e "loc)ed i- it doesn1t stop soon0
31 4ar! Icr!J@ ;
Ho* she Inot cr!J* she IpeelJ onions0
3+ .he car I(a)eJ a ver! curious noise ever since it ran out o- oil0
33 <e %al)ed ver! unsteadil! up the stairs and his %i-e said* 1Aou Idrin)JC1
5#
34 Aour -in$ers are ver! "ro%n0 Aou Is(o)eJ too (uch0
35 Aou usuall! )no% %hen so(eone IeatJ $arlic0
36 Ever since he ca(e to us that (an Itr!J to (a)e trou"le0
(he present per$ect and the present per$ect continuous
PEG 1'1-+
Put the ver"s in "rac)ets into the present per-ect or the present per-ect continuous
tense0
IIn so(e cases either could "e used0J
1 :e I%al)J ten )ilo(etres0
+ :e I%al)J -or three hours0
3 Aou I%al)J too -ast0 .hat1s %h! !ou are tired0
4 I I(a)eJ sausa$e rolls -or the part! all the (ornin$0
5 <o% (an! !ou I(a)eJ@ ;
I I(a)eJ +000
6 .hat "o! IeatJ seven ice-crea(s0
# <e Inot stopJ eatin$ since he arrived0
& .he driver Idrin)J0 I thin) so(eone else ou$ht to drive0
' I IpullJ up 100 dandelions0
10 I IpullJ up dandelions all da!0
11 :hat !ou IdoJ@ ;
:e Ipic)J apples0
1+ <o% (an! !ou Ipic)J@ ;
:e Ipic)J ten "as)et-uls0
13 I IsleepJ on ever! "ed in this house and I don1t li)e an! o- the(0
14 <e IsleepJ since ten o1cloc)0 It1s ti(e he %o)e up0
15 <e IrideJ9 that1s %h! he is %earin$ "reeches0
16 I IrideJ all the horses in this sta"le0
1# :hat a lovel! s(ellC ;
4ar! I(a)eJ ja(0
1& .he students I%or)J ver! %ell this ter(0
1' I onl! IhearJ -ro( hi( t%ice since he %ent a%a!0
+0 I IhearJ -ro( her re$ularl!0 2he is a ver! $ood correspondent0
+1 I I$reaseJ (! car0 .hat1s %h! (! hands are so dirt!0
++ I IpolishJ this ta"le all the (ornin$ and she isn1t satis-ied %ith it !et0
+3 I I%or)J -or hi( -or ten !ears and he never once Isa!J 1Good (ornin$1 to (e0
+4 <e IteachJ in this school -or -ive !ears0
+5 I IteachJ hundreds o- students "ut I never I(eetJ such a hopeless class as this0
+6 :h! !ou I"eJ so lon$ in the $ara$e@ ;
.he t!res %ere -lat9 I Ipu(pJ the( up0
+# I Ipu(pJ up three t!res0 :ould !ou li)e to do the -ourth@
+& I Iloo)J -or (ushroo(s "ut I Inot -indJ an!0
+' <e Icou$hJ a lot latel!0 <e ou$ht to $ive up s(o)in$0
30 Aou IhearJ the ne%s@ .o( and Ann are en$a$edC ;
.hat1s not ne%9 I I)no%J it -or a$esC
31 I Itr!J to -inish this letter -or the last hal--hour0 I %ish !ou1d $o a%a! or stop tal)in$0 ;
5&
I hardl! Isa!J an!thin$0
3+ .he driver o- that car IsoundJ his horn -or the last ten (inutes0
33 It IrainJ -or t%o hours and the $round is too %et to pla! on* so the (atch I"eJ
postponed0
34 <e IhopeJ -or a rise in salar! -or si (onths "ut he Inot dareJ to as) -or it !et0
35 4r 2(ith* !ou I%hisperJ to the student on !our ri$ht -or the last -ive (inutes0 Aou
IhelpJ hi( %ith his ea( paper or he IhelpJ !ou@
36 :h! !ou I(a)eJ such a horri"le noise@ ;
I IloseJ (! )e! and I Itr!J to %a)e (! %i-e "! thro%in$ stones at he %indo%0 ;
Aou Ithro%J stones at the %ron$ %indo%0 Aou live net door0
$%r and sice
PEG 1&#
5ill the spaces in the -ollo%in$ sentences "! usin$ for or since0
1 :e1ve "een -ishin$ 0 0 0 t%o hours0
+ I1ve "een %or)in$ in this o--ice 0 0 0 a (onth0
3 .he!1ve "een livin$ in 5rance 0 0 0 1'#00
4 <e has "een in prison 0 0 0 a !ear0
5 I1ve )no%n that 0 0 0 a lon$ ti(e0
6 .hat (an has "een standin$ there 0 0 0 si o1cloc)0
# 2he has driven the sa(e car 0 0 0 1'#50
& .hin$s have chan$ed 0 0 0 I %as a $irl0
' .he )ettle has "een "oilin$ 0 0 0 a 8uarter o- an hour0
10 .he central heatin$ has "een on 0 0 0 Gcto"er0
11 .hat trun) has "een in the hall 0 0 0 a !ear0
1+ <e has "een ver! ill 0 0 0 the last (onth0
13 I1ve "een usin$ this (achine 0 0 0 t%elve !ears0
14 :e1ve "een %aitin$ 0 0 0 hal- an hour0
15 4r Pitt has "een in hospital 0 0 0 his accident0
16 <e hasn1t spo)en to (e 0 0 0 the last co((ittee (eetin$0
1# I have "een ver! patient %ith !ou 0 0 0 several !ears0
1& .he! have "een on stri)e 0 0 0 Hove("er0
1' .he stri)e has lasted 0 0 0 si (onths0
+0 It has "een ver! -o$$! 0 0 0 earl! (ornin$0
+1 .he! have "een 8uarrellin$ ever 0 0 0 the! $ot (arried0
++ I1ve "een a%a)e 0 0 0 -our o1cloc)0
+3 I1ve "een a%a)e 0 0 0 a lon$ ti(e0
+4 :e1ve had no $as 0 0 0 the stri)e "e$an0
+5 I1ve earned (! o%n livin$ 0 0 0 I le-t school0
+6 Ho"od! has seen hi( 0 0 0 last %ee)0
+# .he police have "een loo)in$ -or (e 0 0 0 -our da!s0
+& I haven1t %orn lo%-heeled shoes 0 0 0 I %as at school0
+' <e had a "ad -all last %ee) and 0 0 0 then he hasn1t le-t the house0
30 <e has "een under %ater 0 0 0 hal- an hour0
31 .hat tree has "een there 0 0 0 +*000 !ears0
3+ <e has "een 4inister o- Education 0 0 0 1'&30
33 I1ve "een tr!in$ to open this door 0 0 0 -ort!--ive (inutes0
5'
34 <e hasn1t eaten an!thin$ 0 0 0 t%ent!--our hours0
35 :e1ve had terri"le %eather 0 0 0 the last (onth0
36 Ho"od! has co(e to see us 0 0 0 %e "ou$ht these "loodhounds0
,uture $or!s
(he present continuous tense as a $uture $or!
PEG +0+
Put the ver"s in "rac)ets into the present continuous tense0
1 .he! are $oin$ to drill -or oil here0 .he! IstartJ on 4onda!0
+ 4! uncle I(a)eJ a speech on 5rida!0
3 I Ita)eJ (! sister to the "allet to(orro%0
4 2he IcallJ -or (e at si0
5 <e Ipla!J at :i("ledon net su((er0
6 I I(eetJ her at the station at ten0
# .he sales Inot startJ till 4onda!0
& <o% !ou I$etJ to the part! to(orro%@ ;
I I$oJ "! car0 ;
:ho IdriveJ@
' .he piano tuner Ico(eJ this a-ternoon0
10 Aou I$iveJ hi( an!thin$ -or his "irthda!@ ;
Aes* I I$iveJ hi( a dictionar!0
11 .he %indo%s I"eJ cleaned toda!0 .hen %e1ll "e a"le to see out0
1+ 2he Ico(eJ out o- hospital net %ee)0
13 :e IhaveJ dinner earl! toni$ht as %e I$oJ to the theatre0
14 :here !ou I$oJ -or !our holida!s this !ear@ ;
I I$oJ to <olland0
15 <e Inot $iveJ a lecture toni$ht0
16 I IhaveJ (! photo$raph ta)en to(orro%0
1# I I"u!J her a "ur$lar alar( -or a %eddin$ present0
1& .he elections I"eJ held net %ee)0
1' I IhaveJ lunch %ith (! aunt on .hursda!0
+0 .he co((ittee I(eetJ net :ednesda!0
+1 4! $randparents Icele"rateJ their $olden %eddin$ net %ee)0
++ I IlendJ hi( (! car -or his holida!s0
+3 .he stri)ers IreturnJ to %or) net %ee)0
+4 2(ith1s IopenJ a ne% "ranch in this street in Eul!0
+5 :e1ve "ou$ht a ne% house and I(oveJ in ver! soon0
+6 I Inot ta)eJ up judo net %inter0
+# .he! I$etJ (arried net %ee)0
+& Aou IdoJ an!thin$ toni$ht@ ;
Aes* I I$oJ to (! carpentr! class0
+' .he Pri(e 4inister I-l!J to A(erica to(orro%0
30 <e IstartJ a ne% jo" on 5rida!0
31 .he ,ueen I$iveJ a $arden part! net %ee)0 Aou I$oJ@
3+ 4! "rother I"eJ released on .uesda!0 I I(eetJ hi( outside the prison0
33 I IcatchJ the 6030 plane to(orro%0 ;
60
:here !ou IleaveJ !our car@ ;
I Inot ta)eJ the car0
34 <er (other IsendJ her to 5rance net !ear0
35 I I$oJ to the dentist to(orro%0 4iss Pitt Ita)eJ (! class0
36 I IlendJ (! -lat to (! A(erican cousins net !ear0
(he be *%i* t% $or!
PEG +03*+06
Put the ver"s in "rac)ets into the be going to -or(0
1 Aou I(issJ !our train0
+ .he pressure coo)er IeplodeJ0
3 :hen !ou Ipa!J the "ill@
4 2he Id!eJ the old curtains "lue0
5 :e I(a)eJ this %his)! "ottle into a la(p0
6 :hat !ou IdoJ %ith this roo(@ ;
I IpaintJ the %alls in "lac) and %hite stripes0
# .he u(pire I"lo%J his %histle0
& Aou IeatJ all that@
' .hat (an %ith the to(ato in his hand Ithro%J it at the spea)er0
10 .hat door Isla(J0
11 .he "ull Iattac)Jus0
1+ It IrainJ0 =oo) at those clouds0
13 .he cat IhaveJ )ittens0
14 .he (en in the helicopter Itr!J to rescue the (an in the %ater0
15 .hat rider I-allJ o--0
16 .hese t%o (en Ic!cleJ across A-rica0
1# .he =ord 4a!or is standin$ up0 <e I(a)eJ a speech0
1& <e I$ro%J a "eard %hen he leaves school0
1' .his aeroplane IcrashJ0
+0 I IstopJ here -or a (o(ent to $et so(e petrol0
+1 Aou Ias)J hi( to help !ou@
++ I1ve lent !ou (! car once0 I Inot doJ it a$ain0
+3 I have seen the pla!0 Ho% I IreadJ the "oo)0
+4 2(all "o!: I I"eJ a -ro$(an %hen I $ro% up0
+5 I Inot sleepJ in this roo(0 It is haunted0
+6 :e I"u!J a (etal detector and loo) -or "uried treasure0
+# Aou IreserveJ a seat@
+& I IplantJ an oa) tree here0
+' .he do$ I"ur!J the "one0
30 I IhaveJ a "ath0
31 I Is(u$$leJ this out o- the countr!*
3+ .here %as ver! little "losso( this sprin$0 Apples I"eJ scarce0
33 I don1t li)e this (acaroni0 I Inot -inishJ it0
34 I Inot sta!J here another (inute0
35 .he! Itr!J hi( -or (anslau$hter %hen he co(es out o- hospital0
36 :e I(a)eJ a lot o- (one! out o- this0
61
(he present continuous and the be *%i* t% $or!
PEG +0+-6
Planned -uture actions can "e epressed "! the present continuous tense %ith a ti(e
epression or "! the be going to -or( %ith or %ithout a ti(e epression0 .he present
continuous is (ainl! used -or ver! de-inite arran$e(ents in the near -uture0 .he "e $oin$
to -or( can "e used (ore %idel!0
7se the present continuous %here possi"le in the -ollo%in$ sentences and put the
re(ainin$ ver"s into the be going to -or(0
1 I Ipla!J "rid$e toni$ht %ith .o( and Ann0
+ <e IhaveJ an operation net %ee)0
3 It1s ver! cold0 I Ili$htJ a -ire0
4 :e IhaveJ so(e -riends to lunch to(orro%0
5 I1ve "ou$ht a piano9 it I"eJ delivered this a-ternoon0 ;
:here !ou IputJ it@ ;
I IputJ it in the dinin$ roo(0
6 Aou I$oJ to the auction to(orro%@ ;
Aes* I I$oJ "ut I Inot "u!J an!thin$0
# I1ve re(inded !ou once9 I Inot doJ it a$ain0
& I IhaveJ (! hair cut this a-ternoon0
' 4! nephe% Ico(eJ to sta! %ith (e net %ee)end0 ;
:here !ou IputJ hi(@ ;
I IputJ hi( in the roo( in the to%er0
10 Gur class IstartJ Ger(an net ter(0
11 I IspendJ a -e% da!s in =ondon net %ee)0
1+ .he .o%n 3ouncil I"uildJ a ne% school here0
13 :hat !ou ItellJ the police@ ;
I ItellJ the( the truth0
14 <e IstartJ to(orro%0
15 .he ,ueen IopenJ Parlia(ent net (onth0
16 .he Pri(e 4inister Ispea)J on .6 toni$ht0
1# .his shop IcloseJ do%n net %ee)0
1& :hen !ou IhaveJ !our net lesson@ ;
I IhaveJ it on 4onda!0
1' I IcollectJ (! ne% dress this a-ternoon0
+0 :e Ita)eJ the children to the seaside this su((er0
+1 I I$iveJ hi( a -oot"all -or his net "irthda!0
++ 2he Isin$J in her -irst "i$ concert net (onth0
<e I$oJ to 2pain -or his holida!s0 ;
<e I-l!J@ ;
Ho* he I$oJ "! "oat0
+4 2he IseeJ a specialist net %ee)0
+5 <e I%ashJ the car@
+6 <e Irin$J (e up toni$ht0
+# .he inspector Ias)J !ou a -e% 8uestions0
+& <er parents I$iveJ a part! -or her net (onth0 .he! IinviteJ sit! $uests0
6+
+' <ave !ou $ot a tic)et -or the "i$ (atch on 2aturda!@ ;
Ho* I don1t even )no% %ho Ipla!J0 ;
5rance Ipla!J En$land0
30 .he! IlaunchJ a ship this a-ternoon0 Aou Ico(eJ to see it@
31 :hat !ou IdoJ %ith the (one!@
3+ I Ipic)J !ou up at 60309 don1t -or$et0
33 :here !ou I$oJ toni$ht@ ;
I I$oJ out %ith Peter0 <e IcallJ -or (e at ei$ht0
34 I Ico(peteJ in the "ic!cle race to(orro%0
35 4r Pitt has just phoned to sa! that he Inot co(eJ "ac) till :ednesda! ni$ht0
36 I IreadJ !ou his ans%er to (! letter o- co(plaint0
(he $uture si!ple
PEG +0#-'
Put the ver"s in "rac)ets into the -uture si(ple0
1 I I)no%J the result in a %ee)0
+ Aou I"eJ in Ko(e toni$ht0
3 Aou IhaveJ ti(e to help (e to(orro%@
4 It I(atterJ i- I don1t co(e ho(e till (ornin$@
5 Aou I"eJ a"le to drive a-ter another -ive lessons0
6 ?o !ou thin) that he Ireco$niFeJ (e@
# 7nless he runs he Inot catchJ the train0
& <e IlendJ it to !ou i- !ou as) hi(0
' I hope I I-indJ it0
10 I- petrol pu(p attendants $o on stri)e %e Inot haveJ an! petrol0
11 <e I"elieveJ %hatever !ou tell hi(0
1+ I Ire(e("erJ this da! all (! li-e0
13 Perhaps he IarriveJ in ti(e -or lunch0
14 I- he %or)s %ell I Ipa!J hi( D100
15 I %onder ho% (an! o- us still I"eJ here net !ear0
16 I- !ou thin) it over !ou IseeJ that I a( ri$ht0
1# I- !ou learn another lan$ua$e !ou I$etJ a "etter jo"0
1& I a( sure that !ou Ili)eJ our ne% house0
1' He%spaper announce(ent: .he President IdriveJ alon$ the <i$h
2treet in an open carria$e0
+0 <e I(indJ i- I "rin$ (! do$@
+1 Aou IneedJ a visa i- !ou are $oin$ to 2pain0
++ I- !ou open that trapdoor !ou IseeJ so(e steps0
+3 Aou I-eelJ "etter %hen !ou1ve had a (eal0
+4 <e I"eJ o--ended i- !ou don1t invite hi(0
+5 2he IhaveJ D1000 a !ear %hen she is t%ent!-one0
+6 I- !ou put an! (ore polish on that -loor so(eone IslipJ on it0
+# I %onder i- he IsucceedJ0
+& Papers Inot "eJ delivered on the Ban) <olida!0
+' I hope he Ire(e("erJ to "u! %ine0
30 I- !ou leave !our roller s)ates on the path so(eone I-allJ over the(0
63
31 I- the! -all over the( and hurt the(selves the! IsueJ !ou0
3+ Announce(ent: 4rs Pitt IpresentJ the priFes0
33 I- !ou %ant t%ent! ci$arettes !ou IhaveJ to $ive (e (ore (one!0
34 Hotice: .he (ana$e(ent Inot "eJ responsi"le -or articles le-t on the seats0
35 I- I drop this it IeplodeJ0
36 :hat !our -ather Isa!J %hen he hears a"out this accident@ ;
<e Inot sa!J (uch "ut he not IlendJ (e the car a$ain0
(he present continuous and the $uture si!ple
PEG +0+* +0#-'
Put the ver"s in "rac)ets into the present continuous or the -uture si(ple usin$ the
present continuous %here possi"le0
I.he be going to -or( could "e used here instead o- the present continuous* "ut -or the
sa)e o- si(plicit! students are advised to use onl! the t%o tenses -irst (entioned0J

1 I a( sure that I Ireco$niFeJ hi(0
+ I IseeJ her to(orro%0 I
3 <e Ipla!J in a tennis (atch on 5rida!0
4 2he Ico(eJ "ac) on 4onda!0
5 I I$oJ a$ain net !ear0
6 :e I)no%J toni$ht0
# Aou pa! and I Io%eJ !ou the (one!0
& I I"elieveJ it %hen I see it0
' I IhaveJ (! car repainted net %ee)0
10 I hope that !ou IhaveJ a $ood ti(e to(orro%0
11 <is speech I"eJ "roadcast toni$ht0
1+ .he %indo%-cleaner Ico(eJ at ei$ht to(orro%0
13 .o( IcatchJ the #040 train.
14 :here !ou I(eetJ the(@;
I I(eetJ the( at (idni$ht in the (iddle o- the %ood0
15 :hat horse !ou IrideJ to(orro%@
16 =oo)C I1ve "ro)en the teapot0 :hat 4rs Pitt Isa!J@ ;
2he Inot (indJ9 she never li)ed that one0
1# I1ve le-t the li$ht on0 It I(atterJ@
1& <e Inot -or$etJ to co(e0
1' <e IleaveJ in a -e% da!s0
+0 I Ire(e("erJ it0
+1 I- !ou drop that "ottle it I"rea)J0
++ I never I-or$iveJ hi(0
+3 I1( sure that !ou Ili)eJ hi(0
+4 .he! Ila!J the -oundations net %ee)0
+5 Aou IseeJ a si$npost at the end o- the road0
+6 <e has cut (! hair too short0 ;
?on1t %orr!9 it I$ro%J a$ain ver! 8uic)l!0
+# Aou IunderstandJ %hen !ou are older0
+& .he cat IscratchJ !ou i- !ou pull its tail0
+' I I"eJ "ac) at &0300
64
30 I- he doesn1t %or) hard he Inot passJ his ea(0
31 2he I$oJ on a cruise net su((er0
3+ I I(oveJ to a ne% -lat net %ee)0
33 I a( sorr! that the child sa% the accident0 ;
I don1t thin) it (atters0 <e soon I-or$etJ all a"out it0
34 I I%aitJ here till he co(es "ac)0
35 <e Inot %riteJ to !ou unless !ou %rite to hi(0
36 .here I"eJ a "i$ (eetin$ here to(orro%0
ill ) in$initive and the be *%i* t% $or!
PEG +01*+03-6
5uture %ith intention can usuall! "e epressed "! %ill / in-initive or the "e $oin$ to
-or(0 6er! o-ten either o- these can "e used* "ut %hen the intention is clearl!
pre(editated the "e $oin$ to -or( (ust "e used* and %hen the intention is clearl!
unpre(editated %e (ust
list1 %ill / in-initive0
Put the ver"s in "rac)ets into one o- these t%o -or(s0 IIn so(e o- the ea(ples the
present continuous could "e used instead o- the "e $oin$ to -or(0J
1 .he -ire has $one outC ;
2o it has0 I I$oJ and $et so(e stic)s0
+ ?id !ou re(e("er to "oo) seats@ ;
Gh no* I -or$ot0 I ItelephoneJ -or the( no%0
3 <e has just "een ta)en to hospital %ith a "ro)en le$0 ;
I1( sorr! to hear that0 I IsendJ hi( so(e $rapes0
4 I1ve hired a t!pe%riter and I IlearnJ to t!pe0
5 I see that !ou have $ot a loo(0 Aou IdoJ so(e %eavin$@
6 I can1t understand this letter0 ;
I IcallJ (! son0 <e ItranslateJ it -or !ou0
# Aou I"u!J (eat@ ;
Ho* I Inot eatJ (eat an! (ore0 I IeatJ ve$eta"les0
& Aou1ve "ou$ht a lot o- paint0 Aou IredecorateJ !our )itchen@
' :h! are !ou $ettin$ out the jac)@ ;
:e have a puncture and I Ichan$eJ the %heel0 ;
I IhelpJ !ou0
10 =oo) %hat I1ve just "ou$ht at an auctionC ;
:hat an etraordinar! thin$C :here !ou IputJ it@
11 :h! are !ou peelin$ that "it o- $arlic@ ;
I IputJ it in the ste%0
1+ :hat !ou IdoJ %hen !ou $ro% up@ ;
I I"eJ an acro"at in a circus0
13 :hat are !ou $oin$ to do %ith that dress@;
I IshortenJ the s)irt0
14 :ill !ou lend (e !our season tic)et@ ;
Ho* I Inot lendJ it to !ou0 It is a$ainst the la%0
15 .hat tree (a)es the house ver! dar)0 ;
6er! %ell* I IcutJ it do%n0
65
16 I1ve just enrolled at the local technical colle$e0 I IattendJ potter!
classes net %inter0
1# <o% do I $et -ro( here to =ondon Brid$e@ ;
I don1t )no%* "ut I Ias)J that police(an0
1& :h! are !ou carr!in$ a cor)scre%@ ;
I IopenJ a "ottle o- %ine0
1' :h!1s he puttin$ the ca(era on a tripod@ ;
<e Ita)eJ a $roup photo0
+0 4! "rother has just returned -ro( A(erica0 ;
Gh $ood* %e Ias)J hi( to our net part!0
+1 :h! have !ou set !our alar( to $o o-- at -ive-thirt!@ ;
Because I I$etJ up then0 I1ve $ot a lot to do0
++ I1( turnin$ this cup"oard into a dar)roo(0 I IdevelopJ (! o%n -il(s0
+3 Aou loo) -roFen0 2it do%n "! the -ire and I I(a)eJ !ou a cup o- tea0
+4 .he!1ve "rou$ht a rope and the! Ito%J the car to a $ara$e0
+5 I haven1t "ou$ht an! ci$arettes "ecause I I$iveJ up s(o)in$0
+6 I have tried to eplain "ut she doesn1t understand En$lish0 ;
I Isa!J it to her in 5innish: perhaps she1ll understand that0
+# I1ve co(e out %ithout an! (one!0 ;
Hever (ind* I IlendJ !ou so(e0 <o% (uch do !ou %ant@
+& ?o !ou see that car@ .he! Ira--leJ it -or charit!0
+' .he!1ve hired a "ulldoFer0 .he! IclearJ a%a! this ru""le0
30 3hild: I1ve torn (! dress0
4other: I I(endJ it -or !ou0
31 I1( catchin$ the 6030 train0 ;
2o a( 10 I I$iveJ !ou a li-t to the station0
3+ I1ve "ou$ht so(e "lue velvet and I I(a)eJ curtains -or this roo(0
33 :h! are !ou carr!in$ that sa%@ ;
I IshortenJ the le$s o- the dinin$ roo( ta"le0
34 :h! are !ou ta)in$ that "i$ "as)et@ ;
I I"u!J a lot o- ve$eta"les0
35 I1ve planned (! -uture -or the net ten !ears0 ;
.hat is ver! clever o- !ou0 :hat !ou IdoJ %hen !ou leave the universit!@
36 :h! are !ou puttin$ that old loa- into a paper "a$@ ;
I I$iveJ it to 4rs Pitt -or her hens0
+ill -i- in$initive and the be *%i* t% $or!
PEG +05
Both will you and are you going to can introduce 8uestions a"out -uture intentions0 But
will you ver! o-ten introduces a re8uest or invitation0 5or this reason are you going to is
(ore usual than will you in 8uestions a"out intentions* are you going to (ust o- course
"e used %hen the intention is o"viousl! pre(editated0 I2ee also Eercise 550J
Put the ver"s in "rac)ets into one o- these t%o -or(s0 :here "oth are possi"le it %ill "e
noted in the )e!0 IIn so(e ea(ples the present continuous tense could "e used instead
o- the be going to -or(0J .he eercise contains re8uests* invitations* and 8uestions a"out
intentions0
66
1 Aou IopenJ the door -or (e* please@ ;
Aes* certainl!0
+ Aou IdoJ the %ashin$-up toni$ht@ ;
Ho* I thin) it can %ait till to(orro%0
3 I1( loo)in$ -or (! easel0 ;
Aou IpaintJ so(eone1s portrait@
4 1Aou IreadJ this passa$e aloud* please*1 said the ea(iner0
5 Aou IeatJ an! (ore o- this* or shall I tell the %aiter to ta)e it a%a!@
6 Aou aren1t %earin$ !our cli("in$ "oots0 Aou Inot cli("J the (ountain %ith the others@
# 1Aou IlistenJ to (eC1 said his (other an$ril!0
& Aou IputJ (! car a%a! -ro( (e* please@ ;
Aes* certainl!0
' Aou IhaveJ another cup o- co--ee@ ;
Ho* than) !ou0
10 :h! did !ou "u! all these e$$s@ Aou I(a)eJ an enor(ous o(elette@
11 .here1s the phone a$ain0 .a)e no notice0 ;
Aou Inot ans%erJ it@
1+ Aou Ico(eJ and see (e a-ter the class@ I %ant to discuss !our %or) %ith !ou0
13 I see that !ou have ordered the 2uardian. Aou reall! IreadJ it@
14 Aou I"u!J sta(ps@ ;
Aes* I a(0 ;
.hen !ou I"u!J so(e -or (e* please@
15 Aou IlendJ (e !our -ishin$ rod@ ;
Aes* o- course0 :here !ou I-ishJ@
16 Aou I-inishJ this "oo) or shall I ta)e it "ac) to the li"rar!@
1# Aou I$iveJ (e lGp* please@ ;
Aes* here !ou are0 Aou I(a)eJ a telephone call@
1& Aou IleaveJ that coil o- "ar"ed %ire in the hall@ 2o(eone %ill -all over it i- !ou do0
1' Aou I"athJ !our do$@ ;
Aes* !ou IhelpJ (e@
+0 Aou IdriveJ* please@ I don1t li)e drivin$ at ni$ht0
+1 Aou IrideJ that horse@ <e loo)s ver! "ad-te(pered to (e0
++ Aou IeatJ it ra%@ Aou %ill "e ill i- !ou do0
+3 Aou IhaveJ so(e o- this ca)e@ I (ade it (!sel-0
+4 Aou reall! IcallJ the -ire "ri$ade@ I don1t thin) it is at all necessar!0
+5 Aou IpaintJ the %hole roo( "! !oursel-@ It %ill ta)e !ou a$es0
+6 Aou I"eJ read! in -ive (inutes@
+# <ostess: Eohn* !ou IsitJ here at the end o- the ta"le@
+& Aou IdoJ so(ethin$ -or (e@ ;
Aes* o- course9 %hat is it@
+' Aou I"eJ an$r! i- he re-uses to help !ou@
30 :h! have !ou "rou$ht !our t!pe%riter@ Aou I%or)J this %ee)end@
31 Aou IcallJ (e at si@ I have to catch an earl! train0
3+ Aou I%al)J there in this rain@ Aou1ll $et a%-ull! %et0
33 Aou Isi$nJ here* please@
34 :hat are all those notes -or@ Aou I$iveJ a lecture@
35 :h! do !ou %ant a candle@ Aou IeploreJ the caves@
6#
36 I- I catch so(e -ish* !ou Icoo)J the( -or (e@
(he $uture continuous tense
PEG +11-13
.his tense can "e used
1 %ith a point in ti(e to indicate that the action %ill "e$in "e-ore this ti(e and continue
a-ter it0
+ %ith or %ithout a ti(e to epress a -uture %ithout intention0 In this %a! it is ver! li)e
the present continuous* "ut it is not* li)e the present continuous* restricted in ti(e and is a
(ore detached and casual %a! o- epressin$ the -uture0 It o-ten i(plies that the action
%ill occur in the ordinar! course o- events or as a (atter o- routine0
IEcept %hen used as in I* a"ove* this tense can usuall! "e replaced "! one o- the other
-uture -or(s* thou$h the eact shade o- (eanin$ (a! then "e lost0J
Put the ver"s in "rac)ets into the -uture continuous tense0
1 .his ti(e net (onth I IsitJ on a "each0
+ :hen !ou arrive I pro"a"l! Ipic)J -ruit0
3 :hen %e reach En$land it ver! li)el! IrainJ0
4 In a -e% da!s ti(e %e I-l!J over the P!renees0
5 I1ll call -or her at ei$ht0 ;
Ho* don1t9 she still IhaveJ "rea)-ast then0
6 I I%aitJ -or !ou %hen !ou co(e out0
# :hen !ou net see (e I I%earJ (! ne% dress0
& 4! son %ill "e in the sith -or( net !ear0 ;
.hat (eans that old ?r Adder IteachJ hi( (athe(atics0
' I1ll $ive Eac) !our (essa$e0 I can do it easil! "ecause I IseeJ hi( to(orro%0 :e $o to
%or) on the sa(e train0
10 Aou IdoJ $eo(etr! net ter(0
11 I1ll loo) out -or !ou at the parade0 ;
?o* "ut I I%earJ uni-or( so !ou (a! -ind it hard to reco$niFe (e0
1+ :e have to do ni$ht dut! here0 I IdoJ (ine net %ee)0
13 In a hundred !ears1 ti(e people I$oJ to 4ars -or their holida!s0
14 <e IuseJ the car this a-ternoon0
15 I IseeJ !ou a$ain0
16 It1s a serious injur! "ut he I%al)J a$ain in si %ee)s0
1# I1ll co(e at three o1cloc)0 ;
Good* I IepectJ !ou0
1& .he! are pullin$ do%n all the old houses in this street0 I epect the! IpullJ do%n (ine
in a -e% !ears1 ti(e0
1' I1d li)e to see !our ne% -lat0 ;
:ell* co(e to(orro%* "ut it Inot loo)J its "est* -or the painters still I%or)J on it0
+0 2tand there* the! Ichan$eJ the $uard in a (inute and !ou1ll $et a $ood vie%0
+1 Aou1d "etter $o "ac) no%9 !our (other I%onderJ %here !ou are0
++ In -i-t! !ears1 ti(e %e IliveJ entirel! on pills0
+3 :hat do !ou thin) the children IdoJ %hen %e $et ho(e@ ;
6&
I epect the! IhaveJ their supper0
+4 .he $arden Iloo)J its "est net (onth0
+5 It %on1t "e eas! to $et out o- the countr!0 .he police I%atchJ all the ports0
+6 :hat the tide IdoJ at si to(orro% (ornin$@ ;
It Ico(eJ in0
+# I1ve just re(e("ered that I le-t the "athroo( taps on0 I epect the %ater I-lo%J do%n
the stairs "! no%0
+& Aou IneedJ !our ca(era to(orro% or can I "orro% it@
+' :e1ve just $ot to the top in ti(e0 .he sun IriseJ in a (inute0
30 Air hostess: :e Ita)e o--J in a -e% (inutes0 Please -asten !our sa-et! "elts0
31 :e1d "etter $o out to(orro% "ecause 4ar! IpractiseJ the piano all day+
3+ ?on1t rin$ her up at 60009 she IputJ the children to "ed0 Kin$ later0
33 :e are (a)in$ a house-to-house collection o- thin$s -or the ju("le sale0 :e Ico(eJ
to
!our house net %ee)0
34 .hat -oot"all clu" has lost so(e o- its pla!ers0 .he! Iloo) outJ -or ne% (en0
35 :hen I $et ho(e (! do$ IsitJ at the door %aitin$ -or (e0
36 =et1s $o do%n to the har"our9 the -ishin$ "oats all Ico(eJ in "ecause o- the $ale0
+ill ) in$initive and the $uture continuous
PEG +01* +11-14
2ee note -or previous eercise0
Put the ver"s in "rac)ets into the appropriate -uture -or(* usin$ will / in-initive or the
-uture continuous0 I:here alternative -or(s are possi"le the! %ill "e $iven in the )e!0J

1 .here is $oin$ to "e a "us stri)e0 Ever!one I%al)J to %or) net
+ Aou1ve just (issed the last trainC ;
Hever (ind* I I%al)J0
3 I1ll rin$ !ou to(orro% at si0 ;
Ho* don1t rin$ at si9 I I"athJ the "a"! then0 Kin$ later0
4 4other: Aour -ace is dirt!0
3hild: All ri$ht* I I%ashJ it0
5 :ill !ou have lunch %ith (e on the +4th@ ;
I1d love to* "ut I1( a-raid I IdoJ (! ea( then0
6 I I%or)J -or 4r Pitt net %ee) as his o%n secretar! %ill "e a%a!0
# Aou IhaveJ so(ethin$ to drin)* %on1t !ou@
& :h! did !ou ta)e his raFor@ <e Iloo)J -or it ever!%here to(orro%0
' I hope !ou1ll do %ell in the race to(orro%0 I Ithin)J o- !ou0
10 Hotice on "oard ship: In the event o- an e(er$enc! all passen$ers Iasse("leJ on the
"oat dec)0
11 I don1t -eel %ell enou$h to $o to the station to (eet hi(0 ;
I I(eetJ hi( -or !ou0 But ho% I Ireco$niFeJ hi(@ ;
<e1s s(all and -air* and he I%earJ a "lac) and %hite school cap0
1+ I IleaveJ these -lo%ers at the hospital -or !ou0 I I$oJ there an!%a! visit (! cousin0
13 Aou ou$ht to tr! to $et a tic)et -or the 2pectators1 Galler! net %ee)9 the! Ide"ateJ
international -ishin$ ri$hts0
6'
14 Aou1ve le-t the li$ht on0 ;
Gh* so I have0 I I$oJ and turn it o--0
15 I1ve just "een appointed assistant at the local li"rar!0 ;
.hen !ou I%or)J under (! sister0 2he is head li"rarian there0
16 I %ant to post this letter "ut I don1t %ant to $o out in the rain0 ;
I IpostJ it -or !ou0 I I$oJ out an!%a! as I have to ta)e the do$ -or a %al)0
1# .he pri(a "allerina is ill so I epect her understud! IdanceJ instead0
1& .oda! is Gu! 5a%)es1 ?a!9 this evenin$ people IletJ o-- -ire%or)s and I(a)eJ
"on-ires
in the streets0
1' 4ilitar! order: 2entries Ire(ainJ on dut! till the! are relieved0
+0 .his ti(e net 4onda! I IsitJ in a Paris ca-e readin$ 4e ;igaro. .
Aou Inot readJ0 Aou1ll "e loo)in$ at all the prett! $irls0
+1 :a$es have $one up* so I suppose prices I$o upJ too0
++ It is nearl! autu(n9 soon the leaves Ichan$eJ colour0
+3 4other Ion phoneJ: 4! son has just "urnt his hand ver! "adl!0
?octor: I Ico(eJ at once0
+4 3usto(er in restaurant: :aiter* this plate is dirt!0
:aiter: I1( sorr!* sir* I I"rin$J !ou another0
+5 In a -e% !ears1 ti(e %e all IliveJ in houses heated "! solar ener$!0
+6 It1s "e$innin$ to $et dar)9 the street li$hts I$o onJ in a -e% (inutes0
+# :e Inot pla!J po)er at the part! toni$ht9 our hostess doesn1t approve
o- cards0
+& =et1s %ait here9 the s%in$ "rid$e IopenJ in a (inute to let that ship throu$h0
+' Guest: 4a! I use !our phone to rin$ -or a tai@
<ostess: Gh* there1s no need -or that9 (! son IdriveJ !ou ho(e0
30 3o(e on dec)9 %e IenterJ har"our in a -e% (inutes0
31 Be-ore !ou leave the o--ice !ou IhandJ the )e!s o- the sa-e to 4r Pitt0 ?o !ou
understand@;
Aes* sir0
3+ Are !ou nearl! read!@ Gur $uests IarriveJ an! (inute0
33 =oudspea)er announce(ent: .he ship IleaveJ in a -e% (inutes and all persons not
travellin$ are as)ed to $o ashore0
34 Ho% that the par)in$ re$ulations have "eco(e stricter* (ore people IuseJ pu"lic
transport and IleaveJ their cars at ho(e0
35 I1ve $ot rats in (! "ase(ent and I don1t )no% ho% to $et rid o- the(0 ;
I I"rin$J (! do$ round %henever !ou li)e0 <e IcatchJ the( -or !ou0
36 I1( a-raid I1ve just "ro)en !our $old-ish "o%l0 ;
Hever (ind* I IputJ the $old-ish in the "ath0
+%)t ) in$initive and the $uture continuous negative
PEG +14
won't / in-initive Iecept %hen used as part o- the ordinar! -uture si(ple* shall/willJ
usuall! i(plies that the su"ject re-uses to per-or( a certain action0 .he ne$ative -uture
continuous tense (erel! states that a certain action %ill not ta)e place0
Put the ver"s in "rac)ets into the appropriate -uture -or(* usin$ won't / in-initive or the
-uture continuous ne$ative0 I:here other -uture -or(s are also possi"le this %ill "e noted
#0
in the )e!0J
1 I don1t li)e that (an and I Inot helpJ hi(0
+ <e Inot (eetJ her* "ecause the! %ill "e in di--erent places0
3 4! hus"and Inot cutJ do%n the tree0 <e sa!s that it is per-ectl! all ri$ht as it is0
4 4! hus"and Inot cutJ the hed$e -or so(e ti(e* "ecause he1s $ot a lot o- other jo"s to
do -irst0
5 .o( Inot co(eJ to our part!* "ecause he %ill "e a%a! on that date0
6 Peter sa!s that he Inot co(eJ to our part!0 <e doesn1t approve of parties0
# 2he sa!s that she Inot lendJ (e the "oo)* "ecause I never $ive "oo)s "ac)0
& 4r Pitt Inot spea)J at the (eetin$ toni$ht* "ecause he has unepectedl! had to $o to
hospital0
' I1ll %or) under an!one ecept (! "rother0 I Inot %or)J under hi(0
10 :e1ll "e in the sa(e -ir(* "ut %e Inot %or)J to$ether* "ecause %e1ll "e in di--erent
depart(ents0
11 I Inot haveJ that "o! in (! class0 <e is -ar too nois!0
1+ I Inot teachJ !ou net %ee)* as I have to $o to Paris0
13 <e is so an$r! %ith his sister that he Inot spea)J to her0
14 I1ll $ive !our (essa$e to (! sister %hen I %rite9 "ut I Inot %riteJ so(e ti(e* as I onl!
%rite once a (onth and I posted a letter to hi( !esterda!0
15 I Inot -eedJ !our do$ a$ain0 <e al%a!s tries to "ite (e %hen I co(e near hi(0
16 .he! %ere ver! rude to (e0 I Inot $oJ there a$ain0
1# <e said* 1 Inot paintJ !ou in that dress0 It does not suit !ou0
1& I Inot ta)eJ an! photo$raphs -or so(e ti(e "ecause (! ca(era is "ein$ repaired0
1' I Inot "orro%J his van a$ain0 .he "ra)es don1t %or) properl!0
+0 .hat "o! Inot %ashJ his -ace0 <e li)es "ein$ dirt!0
+1 Aou can have the car to(orro% i- !ou li)e0 I Inot useJ it as I1ll "e -ar too "us! to $o
out0
++ 2he sa!s that she Inot sendJ the child to school* no (atter %hat %e sa!0 2he thin)s it
is -ar "etter to educate children at ho(e0
+3 <e sa!s he Inot pla!J -or the( a$ain* "ecause the! aren1t $ivin$ hi( enou$h (one!0
+4 2he Inot sin$J at the net concert* "ecause she has had to $o ho(e suddenl!0
+5 I Inot pla!J cards %ith !ou a$ain0 Aou al%a!s cheat0
+6 2he Inot ta)eJ part in the "rid$e tourna(ent* "ecause she1ll "e a%a! then0
+# I Inot eatJ an! (ore o- this9 I -eel 8ueer alread!0
+& I Inot eatJ curr! a$ain -or a lon$ ti(e* "ecause I a( $oin$ to sta! in a house %here no
one )no%s ho% to coo) it0
+' <e sa!s that he Inot rideJ that (are a$ain* "ecause she1s dan$erous0
30 .o( Inot rideJ in to(orro%1s race* "ecause he is too !oun$0 .he! don1t allo% riders
under siteen0
31 :his)! is a"solutel! necessar! to (e and I Inot $iveJ it up0
3+ Eac) Inot drin)J %his)! this ti(e net %ee)* "ecause he1ll "e in hospital and the!
%on1t $ive it to hi( there0
33 I Inot openJ the %indo%0 I disli)e -resh air0
34 .here is so(ethin$ on his (ind* "ut he Inot tellJ (e %hat it is0
35 .he cat Inot eatJ -ish so I have to "u! (eat -or hi(0
36 <e Inot %earJ uni-or( %hen !ou see hi(* "ecause he1ll "e on leave then* and the!
don1t %ear uni-or( %hen the! are on leave0
#1
.econd person interrogative: +ill y%u and other $or!s
PE% 2&* /
will you+ o-ten introduces a re8uest or invitation* and so(eti(es a co((and0 It is o-ten
used also to introduce 8uestions a"out intentions %hen the situation re8uires an
unpre(editated decision0
Aou can have either0 :hich %ill !ou have@
Aou1ve (issed the last train0 :hat %ill !ou do no%@
5or other t!pes o- intention* ho%ever* it is usuall! sa-er to use one o- the other -uture
-or(s: be going to, the present continuous or the -uture continuous I%hich is considered
the (ost polite -or(J0
Put the ver"s in "rac)ets into one o- the -our -or(s0 :hen (ore than one ans%er is
possi"le* this %ill "e noted in the )e!0
1 :h! are !ou ta)in$ all that "read %ith !ou@ Aou I-eedJ the s%ans@
+ Aou IletJ !our -lat a$ain net su((er@
3 Aou Ili$htJ the -ire -or (e* please@ <ere are the (atches0
4 Aou I%earJ a tie to(orro%@ ;
Gh no0 .o( said* 13o(e as !ou are01
5 I )no% !ou don1t li)e %earin$ ties* "ut I%earJ one to(orro%* just to
please (e@ ;
Aes* o- course0
6 2hop assistant: Aou Ico(eJ this %a!* please@
# Aou IhaveJ so(ethin$ (ore to eat@;
Aes* please* I1d li)e another sand%ich0
& Aou IhaveJ an!thin$ (ore to eat@ ;
Ho* "ecause I haven1t an! (ore (one!0
' Aou Istud!J co(puter pro$ra((in$ at colle$e@
10 Aou Ispea)J to .o( at the (eetin$ to(orro%* do !ou thin)@
11 Aou IturnJ o-- the .6* please@ Ho one is %atchin$ it0
1+ Aou Ita)eJ !our ea( no% or in ?ece("er@
13 Aou IlistenJ in to the concert this evenin$@
14 Aou IhelpJ (e %ith this* please@ I can1t li-t it0
15 <otel receptionist: Aou Ista!J -or (ore than one ni$ht* 4rs Eones@
16 Aou IlendJ (e !our t!pe%riter -or an hour@ I %ant to t!pe a letter0
1# Aou I(eetJ hi( at the station@ ;
Ho* %e never (eet hi(0 <e doesn1t li)e "ein$ (et0
1& Aou Ico(eJ sailin$ %ith (e this a-ternoon@ ;
Ho* than) !ou* I don1t li)e sailin$0
1' Aou IhaveJ so(e (ore %ine@;
Aes* please0
+0 I can1t understand this letter0 Aou ItranslateJ it -or (e* 4iss Pitt@
+1 Aou IuseJ !our ca(era this a-ternoon@-
Ho* !ou can "orro% it i- !ou li)e0
++ Aou I$oJ to the to"acconist1s@ ;
#+
Aes0 ;
.hen !ou I$etJ (e t%ent! ci$arettes@
+3 Aou Ico(eJ to the 4otor 2ho% %ith (e net :ednesda!@ ;
.han) !ou ver! (uch0 I1d love to0
+4 I1ll "e $oin$ a"road net %ee)0 Is there an!thin$ I can $et !ou@
Aou IpassJ throu$h Paris@ ;
Aes* I IspendJ a -e% da!s there0
.hen !ou I$etJ (e so(e scent@
+5 I see that !ou are repairin$ !our old henhouse0 Aou I)eepJ hens@
+6 I1ve just "ou$ht (! tic)ets0 ;
Aou ItravelJ "! sea or air@
+# :hat are all these slates -or@ Aou IrepairJ !our roo-@
+& Aou IholdJ (! parcels* please* %hile I put up (! u("rella@
+' Aou I$oJ to 4adeira as usual this su((er@
30 Aou )indl! IeplainJ %h! !ou didn1t do %hat I told !ou@
31 Aou Ireco$niFeJ hi(* do !ou thin)@
3+ I1ve chosen a school -or (! son0 ;
Aou IsendJ hi( to a pu"lic school or to a 2tate school@
33 Passen$er to "us conductor: Aou ItellJ (e %here to $et o--* please
34 Aou I$oJ "! car@ I- so* %ould !ou $ive (! "rother a li-t@
35 Aou It!peJ all ni$ht a$ain@ Because i- so I thin) I1ll $o to a hotel0
36 Aou IstopJ interruptin$C I1ll never $et -inished i- !ou don1t )eep 8uiet0
s'all and +ill
PEG +01* +0#-&* +33-4
shall is correct -or the -irst person o- the -uture si(ple Iecept %hen this -or( is used to
epress intentionJ* "ut in the a--ir(ative and ne$ative will is ver! o-ten used instead* i0e0
%e can sa!* I/%e %ill1 and I/%e %on1t1 instead o- I/%e shall1 and I/%e shan1t10 In the I
interro$ative will should not "e used to replace shall.
.here are so(e rather old--ashioned or -or(al constructions %here shall is used %ith the
second or third persons0 <ere shall cannot "e replaced "! will0 2uch constructions are
usuall! avoided "ut a -e% ea(ples have "een $iven "elo%0
7se will or shall to -ill the spaces in the -ollo%in$ sentences0 2o(eti(es either could "e
used0
1 :hen !ou are in "ed I 0 0 0 "e at %or)0
+ :ho1ll help (e@;
I 000
3 :e %ill unite to resist oppression* and t!rants 0 0 0 not triu(ph over us0
I 6e won"t let them triumph.)
4 :hat 0 0 0 %e do no%@ ;
:ait0
5 Aou1ve "een a $ood child* and %hen %e $et ho(e !ou 0 0 0 have a s%eet0
0I"ll gi*e you a sweet.)
#3
6 Aour -ather 0 0 0 hear o- this0 0I"ll #ertainly tell him.)
# 000%e $o to the cine(a@ ;
Aes* let1s0
& 2he 0 0 0 tell the sa(e stor! over and over a$ain0 0o$stinate insisten#e)
' 3lu" rule: 4e("ers 0 0 0 %rite the na(es o- their $uests in the "oo) provided0
10 .heatre re$ulation: Persons 0 0 0 not "e per(itted to sit in the $an$%a!s0
11 :here 0 0 0 I "e in si !ears1 ti(e* I %onder@
1+ <e 0 0 0 not co(e here a$ain0 0-e refuses.)
13 <e 0 0 0 not co(e here a$ain0 I/ won"t let him #ome.)
14 3lause in lease: .he tenant 0 0 0 "e responsi"le -or all repairs0
15 .his )ind o- sna)e 0 0 0 not "ite unless it is startled0
16 0 0 0 !ou have a ci$arette@ ;
Ho* than)s* I don1t s(o)e0
1# <e 0 0 0 pla! his radio ver! loudl!* %hich anno!s (e ver! (uch0
0o$stinate insisten#e)
1& B! this ti(e net !ear I 0 0 0 "e earnin$ (! o%n livin$0
1' :ho 0 0 0 ta)e this letter to the post -or (e@ ;
I 000
+0 :hat 0 0 0 %e do %ith all the -ood that1s le-t over@
+1 ?o !ou )no% the %a!@ Ho@ .hen I 0 0 0 sho% !ou0
++ :here 0 0 0 I put it@ ;
Put it "ehind the piano0
+3 Police notice: 0 0 0 an!one %ho %itnessed the accident please rin$
+4 Aachts 0 0 0 $o round the course* passin$ the (ar)s in the correct order0
0e/tra#t from Ya#ht =a#ing =ules)
+5 :hen 0 0 0 !ou hear the result@ %
I 0 0 0 not hear -or another %ee)0
+6 1 0 0 0 not apolo$iFe1* she said* sta(pin$ her -oot0
+# :ho 0 0 0 I sa! called@ ;
Aou needn1t (ention (! na(e0 <e 0 0 0 )no% %ho I a(0
+& 2he 0 0 0 never do an!thin$ !ou tell her0
+' I 0 0 0 not "e here net %ee)0
30 I 0 0 0 not have to do an! coo)in$ -or a (onth0 I1( $oin$ to an hotel0
31 0 0 0 I put it on !our des)@ ;
Please do0
3+ I 0 0 0 -ill up this -or(C .he 8uestions are i(pertinent0 ;
I- !ou don1t* (ada(* !ou 0 0 0 (negati*e) $et !our visa0
33 0 0 0 !ou stand 8uite still -or a (o(ent* please@
34 0 0 0 I put (ore salt in the ste%@
35 A do$ 0 0 0 o"e! his o%ner "ut a cat 0 0 0 not0
36 I 0 0 0 )no% %hether !ou are tellin$ the truth or not0
(i!e clauses
PEG 34+
.he -uture si(ple is not used in ti(e clauses* the si(ple present tense "ein$ used
instead0
Put the ver"s in "rac)ets into the correct tense Ipresent or -utureJ0
#4
1 :hen he IreturnJ I1ll $ive hi( the )e!0
+ <e1ll "e read! as soon as !ou I"eJ0
3 I1ll sta! in "ed till the cloc) Istri)eJ seven0
4 2he %ill "e deli$hted %hen she IhearJ this0
5 :hen the laundr! co(es I IhaveJ so(e clean hand)erchie-s0
6 I shan1t "u! to(atoes till the price Ico(eJ do%n0
# 2ta! here till the li$hts IturnJ $reen0
& :hen it I$etJ cold I1ll li$ht the -ire0
' .he li-t Inot startJ until !ou press that "utton0
10 2he1ll have to "ehave "etter %hen she I$oJ to school0
11 :hen !ou loo) at !oursel- in the $lass !ou IseeJ %hat I (ean0
1+ <e I"eJ here "e-ore !ou $o0
13 I IlendJ !ou (! cassette recorder %henever !ou %ant it0
14 <e I%a)eJ up %hen %e turn the li$hts on0 ,
15 <e Irin$J us up %hen he arrives in En$land@
16 <e %ill %ash up "e-ore he I$oJ to "ed0
1# I %on1t co(e to =ondon till the "us stri)e I"eJ over0
1& I I$iveJ the children their dinner "e-ore he Ico(eJ ho(e0
1' .he! %ill "e astonished %hen the! IseeJ ho% slo%l! he %or)s0
+0 I1ll pa! !ou %hen I I$etJ (! che8ue0
+1 I I$oJ on doin$ it until he tells (e to stop0
++ I1ll "u! that house %hen I IhaveJ enou$h (one!0
+3 Aou I-allJ rapidl! throu$h the air till !our parachute opens0
+4 :e1ll have to sta! here till the tide I$oJ out0
+5 :hen the ,ueen IarriveJ the audience %ill stand up0
+6 :hen the -o$ Ili-tJ %e1ll "e a"le to see %here %e are0
+# .he re-ri$erator I$o onJ (a)in$ that noise till %e have it repaired0
+& As soon as the holida!s "e$in this "each I"eco(eJ ver! cro%ded0
+' .he car Inot (oveJ till !ou ta)e the "ra)e o--0
30 .he alar( "ell I$o onJ rin$in$ till !ou press this "utton0
31 As soon as she IlearnJ to t!pe I1ll $et her a jo"0
3+ =oo) "e-ore !ou IleapJ0 (pro*er$)
33 :e IhaveJ to sta! on this desert island till %e can repair our "oat0
34 ?on1t count on a salar! increase "e-ore !ou actuall! I$etJ it0
35 :hen %inter I"e$inJ the s%allo%s %ill -l! a%a! to a %ar(er countr!0
36 :e can1t (a)e an! decision till he IarriveJ here0
(he $uture per$ect tense
PE% 2&0
Put the ver"s in "rac)ets into the -uture per-ect tense0
1 In a -ortni$ht1s ti(e %e Ita)eJ our ea(0
+ I I-inishJ this "oo) "! to(orro% evenin$0
3 B! this ti(e to(orro% %e IhaveJ our injections0
4 B! the end o- net !ear I I"eJ here t%ent!--ive !ears0
5 I1ll still "e here net su((er "ut .o( IleaveJ0
6 I I-inishJ this jo" in t%ent! (inutes0
#5
# B! net %inter the! I"uildJ -our houses in that -ield0
& :hen %e reach 6alparaiso %e IsailJ all round the %orld0
' At the rate he is $oin$ he IspendJ all his (one! "! the ti(e he is t%ent!-one0
10 B! this ti(e net !ear I IsaveJ D+500
11 B! the ti(e %e $et to the part! ever!thin$ I"eJ eaten0
1+ .he train IleaveJ "e-ore %e reach the station0
13 I- I continue %ith (! diet I IloseJ 10 )ilos "! the end o- the (onth0
14 B! the end o- (! universit! course I IattendJ 1*+00 lectures0
15 B! the end o- this %ee) (! illness IcostJ (e D1000
16 B! the ti(e that he leaves school his parents IspendJ D+5*000 on his education0
1# B! the end o- the ter( I IreadJ all t%elve volu(es0
1& :hen !ou co(e "ac) I I-inishJ all the house%or)0
1' .he police IhearJ o- the the-t "! this ti(e0
+0 :e Idrin)J all that %ine "! the end o- the !ear0
+1 Gn the -ourth o- net (onth he I"eJ in prison -or ten !ears0
++ :hen %e reach 3re%e %e IdoJ hal- o- the journe!0
+3 At this rate !ou I"rea)J all the %ine $lasses "! the end o- the (onth0
+4 I- %e don1t hurr! the sun IriseJ "e-ore %e reach the top0
+5 I1( $oin$ to <!de Par) to hear the people (a)in$ speeches0 ;
Aou1ll "e too late0 B! the ti(e !ou $et there the! I-inishJ their speeches and
ever!"od! I$oJ ho(e0
+6 B! (idni$ht he I"eJ unconscious -or -ort!-ei$ht hours0
+# B! the end o- the (onth 5*000 people IseeJ this ehi"ition0
+& B! net April I Ipa!J D3*000 in inco(e ta0
+' I suppose that %hen I co(e "ac) in ten !ears1 ti(e all these old houses I"eJ pulled
do%n0
30 Gn +1 Gcto"er the! I"eJ (arried -or t%ent!--ive !ears0
31 A-ter this per-or(ance I IseeJ -amlet t%ent!-t%o ti(es0
3+ .he stri)e leader said* 1B! (idni$ht 500 (en Ico(eJ out on stri)e01
33 At !our present rate !ou I"urnJ all that coal "! the end o- the (onth*
34 .he treasurer said* 1B! the end o- the !ear all our de"ts I"e paidJ o--01
35 .ourist: :e1ve onl! $ot -ive hours in Ko(e9 %e are leavin$ "ut I1( sure that %e IseeJ
ever!thin$ o- i(portance "! then0
36 <ouseholder to Moo: Gne o- !our elephants is in (! $arden eatin$ (! to(atoes0
Moo o--icial: .he elephant )eeper %ill "e %ith !ou in hal- an hour0
<ouseholder: Aour elephant IeatJ all (! to(atoes "! then0
(i!e clauses
PEG 34+
.he -uture per-ect tense is not used in ti(e clauses* the present per-ect "ein$ used
instead0
Put the ver"s in "rac)ets into the correct tense* usin$ the -uture* present* or present
per-ect0 3o(pare I to 5 %ith I to 5 in Eercise 5&0
1 :hen %e Ita)eJ our ea( %e1ll have a holida!0
+ :hen I I-inishJ the "oo) I1ll lend it to !ou0
#6
3 :hen %e IhaveJ our injections I epect %e1ll -eel a%-ul0
4 :hen I I"eJ here -or a !ear I1ll as) -or a rise0
5 :hen .o( I$oJ I1ll tell !ou a secret0
6 B! the ti(e he I$etJ "ac) -ro( his holida! the (il)(an %ill have le-t t%ent!-one
"ottles o- (il) outside his door0
# ?on1t drive at (ore than 50 )0p0h0 till !our car IdoJ 4*000 )ilo(etres0
& :hen !ou IdoJ 4*000 )ilo(etres !ou can drive it at #0 )0p0h0
' :hen !ou open the sa-e !ou IseeJ a s(all "lac) "o0
10 :hen %e IhaveJ lunch %e1ll $o -or a %al)0
11 :hen the "ell rin$s I Ita)eJ the (eat out o- the oven0
1+ I1ll "olt all the doors "e-ore I I$oJ to "ed0
13 :hen %e IseeJ the cathedral %e1ll $o to the (useu(0
14 :e1ll have to sta! up this tree till the "ull I$oJ a%a!0
15 <e Inot letJ !ou out till !ou have -inished !our ho(e%or)0
16 As soon as I hear -ro( hi( I IletJ !ou )no%0
1# 4! -ather %ill "e -urious %hen he IseeJ %hat !ou have done0
1& Aou Inot hearJ the sound o- the eplosion till a-ter !ou have seen the -lash0
1' .hese $ates %ill re(ain shut until the train IpassJ0
+0 :hen he IsellJ all his ne%spapers he1ll $o ho(e0
+1 :e can1t have a -ire here until %e Is%eepJ the chi(ne!0
++ Aou I$etJ a shoc) %hen !ou open that "o0
+3 :hen !ou are ei$hteen !our -ather I$iveJ !ou a latch)e!0
+4 ?on1t ju(p out o- the aeroplane until the pilot Isa!J 1GoC1
+5 I can1t leave the countr! till the police IreturnJ (! passport0
+6 :hen a "ottle o- cha(pa$ne I"eJ opened -or t%ent!--our hours the %ine is not -it
to drin)0
+# <otel receptionist: :hen !ou Isi$nJ the hotel re$ister the porter %ill sho% !ou
!our roo(0
+& Aou Inot )no%J ho% $ood o!sters are till !ou have tasted one0
+' .hat road %ill not "e sa-e till the -loods Isu"sideJ0
30 :hen ever!"od! IleaveJ the par) the par)-)eeper %ill loc) the $ates0
31 :hen %e have seen the 3ha("er o- <orrors %e IhaveJ a cup o- tea0
3+ :hen !ou IhaveJ so(ethin$ to eat !ou1ll -eel "etter0
33 I Ista!J in court till the jur! returns0
34 Aou cannot "eco(e a (e("er o- this clu" until !ou I(a)eJ a parachute descent0
35 :hen the "oa constrictor IeatJ the $oat he %ill "eco(e ver! lethar$ic0
36 As soon as ever!"od! has $one to "ed the (ice Ico(eJ out o- their holes0
+%ul! and s'%ul!
PEG 140-1* +30-+* +35-#
Put should or would in the spaces in the -ollo%in$ sentences0
1 0 0 0 !ou (ind openin$ the door@
+ 0 0 0 !ou li)e another cup o- co--ee@
3 <e insisted that the ne%spaper 0 0 0 print an apolo$!0
4 .he old ad(iral 0 0 0 sit -or hours %atchin$ the ships0
5 0 0 0 !ou "e so $ood as to )eep an e!e on (! house %hile I a( a%a!@
6 I 0 0 0 sa! nothin$ a"out it i- I %ere !ou0
##
# .hat dress doesn1t suit !ou9 !ou 0 0 0 "u! another0
& I- !ou pulled the co((unication cord the train 0 0 0 stop and !ou 0 0 0 "e -ined0
' .he! %ent to the cine(a at +030* so the! 0 0 0 "e "ac) here "! 60000
10 0 0 0 !ou please help (e %ith this@
11 It is ver! stran$e that he 0 0 0 thin) that0
1+ I %ish he 0 0 0 not pla! his radio so loudl!0
13 0 0 0 !ou "e ver! )ind and lend (e !our t!pe%riter@
14 I 0 0 0 li)e to )no% %here !ou have "een0
15 It %as decided that the (atter 0 0 0 "e re-erred to a special co((ittee0
16 Perhaps !ou 0 0 0 "e )ind enou$h to let us )no% a"out this0
1# I- the telephone 0 0 0 rin$ please sa! that I1ll "e "ac) at si0
1& 0 0 0 !ou li)e to co(e or 0 0 0 !ou rather sta! here@
1' .here are too (an! accidents0 Ever!one 0 0 0 "e (uch (ore care-ul0
+0 .heir (ethod %as al%a!s the sa(e9 the! 0 0 0 %ait till their victi( had le-t the "an)
and then $o up to hi( and as) -or a li$ht0
+1 :hat are !ou doin$ here@ Aou 0 0 0 "e in "ed0
++ It is essential that this (atter 0 0 0 "e )ept out o- the ne%spapers0
+3 <e su$$ested that the (one! 0 0 0 "e raised "! pu"lic su"scription0
+4 I- !ou 0 0 0 chan$e !our (ind* this address %ill al%a!s -ind (e0
+5 I- this (achine 0 0 0 at an! ti(e -ail to $ive co(plete satis-action please post us the
enclosed card0
+6 <e chan$ed his na(e so that no"od! 0 0 0 )no% %hat he had "een "e-ore0
+# I- he o--ered (e (one! I 0 0 0 re-use0
+& I %ish !ou 0 0 0 not as) so (an! 8uestions0
+' <e ordered that .o( 0 0 0 leave the house at once0
30 I 0 0 0 "e (ost $rate-ul i- !ou 0 0 0 do this -or (e0
31 <e is anious that ever!one 0 0 0 understand %h! he acted as he did0
3+ Aou 0 0 0 not ar$ue %ith !our -ather9 !ou 0 0 0 o"e! hi(0
33 <e %as a ver! patient cat9 he 0 0 0 sit -or hours "eside a (ousehole0
34 0 0 0 the pain return ta)e one o- these pills0
35 It is (ost i(portant that I 0 0 0 see hi( at once0
36 <e didn1t dare ItoJ sell the rin$ in case so(eone 0 0 0 as) %here he $ot it0
+%ul! and s'%ul!
PEG 140-1* +30-+* +35-#
Put should or would in the spaces in the -ollo%in$ sentences:
1 It is onl! -air that !ou 0 0 0 )no% the truth a"out !our o%n -ather and it is "etter that !ou
0 0 0 hear it -ro( (e than -ro( so(e stran$er0
+ I- !ou 0 0 0 )indl! %ait here a (o(ent I1ll rin$ the director1s o--ice0
3 0 0 0 these (easures -ail to restore order harsher restrictions %ill have to "e i(posed0
4 .he roc)s %ere ic! and he %as terri-ied lest he 0 0 0 slip0
5 I- Pierre li)ed an! dish he 0 0 0 send -or the che- and con$ratulate hi(* and i- an!thin$
%as %ron$ he 0 0 0 send -or the (ana$er and co(plain0 ;
An En$lish(an 0 0 0 never dare to do that9 he 0 0 0 "e too sh!0
6 I %as just "ur!in$ the "ones in the $arden %hen %ho 0 0 0 loo) over the hed$e "ut
#&
the villa$e police(an0
# :hen he -ound out that the (an had s(allpo he ur$ed that ever! e--ort 0 0 0 "e (ade
to
contact his -ello% passen$ers0
& I %ish !ou 0 0 0 $o out or sit do%n0 <o% 0 0 0 !ou li)e it i- I )ept tra(pin$ round %hen
!ou %ere tr!in$ to %or)@
' I1ve just received an anon!(ous threatenin$ letter0 :hat 0 0 0 I do a"out it@ ;
I 0 0 0 ta)e it to the police i- I %ere !ou0
10 .he co((ittee thin)s that !ou have "een $uilt! o- dislo!alt!0 ;
I don1t )no% %h! the co((ittee 0 0 0 thin) that0
11 I can1t repair it no% "ut i- !ou 0 0 0 li)e to leave it %ith (e I1ll see %hat can "6 done0
1+ Aou co(plained to the (ana$er* o- course@ ;
Ho* I as)ed to spea) to hi( "ut he 0 0 0 not co(e to the phone0 ;
Aou 0 0 0 have insisted0
13 :here %ill he "e no%@ ;
Gh* he 0 0 0 "e there "! no%9 the -li$ht onl! ta)es an hour0
14 I- !our (ain parachute 0 0 0 -ail to open* !our second one %ill open auto(aticall!0
15 I su$$ested that .o( 0 0 0 %al) on and tr! to $et help %hile I sta!ed %ith the injured
(an "ut he 0 0 0 not hear o- this0
16 I a( a(aFed that !ou 0 0 0 even su$$est o--erin$ "ri"es0
1# .his passa$e doesn1t lead an!%here0 It is odd that no one 0 0 0 have noticed this "e-ore0
1& 0 0 0 !ou (ind not s(o)in$9 this is the petrol store0 ;
.hen there 0 0 0 "e a 1Ho 2(o)in$1 notice0
1' 3an1t I trust !ou not to read (! letters@ It is ridiculous that I 0 0 0 have to loc) thin$s
up
in (! o%n house0
+0 <e said he %ished I 0 0 0 not co(e so o-ten0
+1 .his train is entirel! auto(atic9 there is no driver9 "ut a (echanic is al%a!s availa"le
in case an!thin$ 0 0 0 $o %ron$0
++ 2he had one rather "orin$ ha"it9 she 0 0 0 insist on tellin$ people a"out her drea(s0
+3 <e reco((ended that the trou"le (a)ers in the -actor! 0 0 0 "e dis(issed0
+4 It is a"surd that %o(en 0 0 0 "e paid less than (en -or doin$ the sa(e %or)0
+5 1000 rather !ou as)ed hi(0 =ast ti(e I tried to spea) to hi( he 0 0 0 not listen0
+6 :hen he %ent out he le-t the radio on so that his parents 0 0 0 thin) that he %as still in
his roo(0
+# <e %as deter(ined that his children 0 0 0 $o to the "est schools availa"le0
+& .o( sa!s !ou arc -oolish to ta)e such a ris)0 ;
<e 000C 0(hat is typi#al of him.)
+' :hen -our hours had passed and there %as still no si$n o- hi( she "e$an to "e
%orried lest he 0 0 0 have (et %ith so(e accident0
30 People are ver! -ond o- sa!in$* .his 0 0 0 "e stopped1* or*
12o(ethin$ 0 0 0 "e done a"out this1* "ut i- the! %ere the $overn(ent the! 0 0 0 not
)no%
ho% to stop it or %hat to do a"out it0
31 It is a(aFin$ that the =eanin$ .o%er o- Pisa 0 0 0 have stood -or so lon$0
3+ <e resi$ned -ro( the $overn(ent in order that ever!one 0 0 0 )no% that he
disapproved
#'
o- the ne% polic!0
33 I- I had had his education and he had had (ine perhaps I 0 0 0 "e sittin$ at his des) and
he 0 0 0 "e out here s%eepin$ the streets*
34 <e %as a terri"l! o"stinate child* %ho 0 0 0 never o"e! the si(plest order* "ut 0 0 0 ar$ue
ever! point till she nearl! %ent (ad0
35 Ko"inson said* 1:h! 0 0 0 2(ith $et all the credit %hen so(eone else has done all the
%or)@1
36 All da! he000 sit in his o--ice i((aculatel! dressed* "ut at ni$ht he . . . put on dirt!
ra$$ed clothin$ and roa( a"out the streets %ith disreputa"le co(panions0
1onditionals
1onditional sentences: type 2
PEG ++1
Put the ver"s in "rac)ets into the correct tenses0
1 I- I see hi( I I$iveJ hi( a li-t0
+ .he ta"le %ill collapse i- !ou IstandJ on it0
3 I- he IeatJ all that he %ill "e ill0
4 I- I -ind !our passport I ItelephoneJ !ou at once0
5 .he police IarrestJ hi( i- the! catch hi(0
6 I- he IreadJ in "ad li$ht he %ill ruin his e!es0
# 2o(eone IstealJ !our car i- !ou leave it unloc)ed0
& :hat %ill happen i- (! parachute Inot openJ@
' I- he I%ashJ (! car I1ll $ive hi( D100
10 I- she IneedJ a radio she can "orro% (ine0
11 I- !ou Inot $oJ a%a! I1ll send -or the police0
1+ I1ll "e ver! an$r! i- he I(a)eJ an! (ore (ista)es0
13 I- he I"eJ late %e1ll $o %ithout hi(0
14 2he %ill "e a"solutel! -urious i- she IhearJ a"out this0
15 I- !ou put on the )ettle I I(a)eJ the tea0
16 I- !ou $ive (! do$ a "one he I"ur!J it at once0
1# I- %e leave the car here it Inot "eJ in an!"od!1s %a!0
1& <e1ll "e late -or the train i- he Inot startJ at once0
1' I- !ou co(e late the! Inot letJ !ou in0
+0 I- he I$oJ on tellin$ lies no"od! %ill "elieve a %ord he sa!s0
+1 7nless he IsellJ (ore he %on1t $et (uch co((ission0
++ I- I lend !ou D10 %hen !ou Irepa!J (e@
+3 :e1ll have to (ove upstairs i- the river IriseJ an! hi$her0
+4 I- he I%or)J hard toda! can he have a holida! to(orro%@
+5 Ice IturnJ to %ater i- !ou heat it0
+6 I- the house I"urnJ do%n %e can clai( co(pensation0
+# I- !ou Inot li)eJ this one I1ll "rin$ !ou another0
+& 7nless !ou are (ore care-ul !ou IhaveJ an accident0
+' .ell hi( to rin$ (e up i- !ou IseeJ hi(0
30 I- I tell !ou a secret* !ou Ipro(iseJ not to tell it to an!one else@
&0
31 I- !ou Inot "elieveJ %hat I sa!* as) !our (other0
3+ I- he Ili)eJ the house %ill he "u! it@
33 I- !ou %ill )indl! sit do%n I I(a)eJ en8uiries -or !ou0
34 7nless I have a 8uiet roo( I Inot "e a"leJ to do an! %or).
35 2he %on1t open the door unless she I)no%J %ho it is0
36 2hould !ou re8uire an!thin$ else please Irin$J the "ell -or the attendant0
1onditional sentences: type 2
PEG +++
Put the ver"s in "rac)ets into the correct tenses0
1 I- I had a t!pe%riter I It!peJ it (!sel-0
+ I- I I)no%J his address I1d $ive it to !ou0
3 <e Iloo)J a lot "etter i- he shaved (ore o-ten0
4 I- !ou Ipla!J -or lo%er sta)es !ou %ouldn1t lose so (uch0
5 I- he %or)ed (ore slo%l! he Inot (a)eJ so (an! (ista)es0
6 I shouldn1t drin) that %ine i- I I"eJ !ou0
# 4ore tourists %ould co(e to this countr! i- it IhaveJ a "etter cli(ate0
& I- I %ere sent to prison !ou IvisitJ (e@
' I- so(eone I$iveJ !ou a helicopter %hat %ould !ou do %ith it@
10 I I"u!J shares in that co(pan! i- I had so(e (one!0
11 I- he IcleanJ his %indscreen he1d "e a"le to see %here he %as $oin$0
1+ I- !ou drove !our car into the river !ou I"e a"leJ to $et out@
13 I- !ou Inot "elon$J to a union !ou couldn1t $et a jo"0
14 I- I I%inJ a "i$ priFe in a lotter! I1d $ive up (! jo"0
15 :hat !ou IdoJ i- !ou -ound a "ur$lar in !our house@
16 I could tell !ou %hat this (eans i- I I)no%J Gree)0
1# I- ever!"od! I$iveJ D1 %e %ould have enou$h0
1& <e (i$ht $et -at i- he IstopJ s(o)in$0
1' I- he )ne% that it %as dan$erous he Inot co(eJ0
+0 I- !ou IseeJ so(eone dro%nin$ %hat %ould !ou do@
+1 I I"eJ ruined i- I "ou$ht her ever!thin$ she as)ed -or0
9 ++ I- !ou slept under a (os8uito net !ou Inot "eJ "itten so o-ten0
+3 I could $et a jo" easil! i- I IhaveJ a de$ree0
+4 I- she IdoJ her hair di--erentl! she (i$ht loo) 8uite nice0
+5 I- %e had (ore rain our crops I$ro%J -aster0
+6 .he %hole (achine %ould -all to pieces i- !ou Ire(oveJ that scre%
+# I I)eepJ a horse i- I could a--ord it0 1
+& I1d $o and see hi( (ore o-ten i- he IliveJ on a "us route0
+' I- the! I"anJ the sale o- alcohol at -oot"all (atches there (i$ht "e less violence0
30 I Io--erJ to help i- I thou$ht I1d "e an! use0 1
31 :hat %ould !ou do i- the li-t I$etJ stuc) "et%een t%o -loors@
3+ I- !ou IpaintJ the %alls %hite the roo( %ould "e (uch "ri$hter0
33 I- !ou Ichan$eJ !our jo" %ould it a--ect !our pension@
34 I- !ou )ne% !ou had onl! si %ee)s to live ho% !ou IspendJ those si %ee)s@
35 Aou %ouldn1t have so (uch trou"le %ith !our car i- !ou IhaveJ it serviced re$ularl!0
36 I1d cli(" over the %all i- there Inot "eJ so (uch "ro)en $lass on t o- it0
&1
1onditional sentences: type 3
PE% 223
Put the ver"s in "rac)ets into the correct tenses0
1 I- I had )no%n that !ou %ere in hospital I IvisitJ !ou0
+ .he $round %as ver! so-t0 But -or that* (! horse I%inJ0
3 I- !ou IarriveJ ten (inutes earlier !ou %ould have $ot a seat0
4 Aou %ould have seen (! $arden at its "est i- !ou I"eJ here last %ee)0
5 But -or his 8uic)ness I I"eJ )illed0
6 I shouldn1t have "elieved it i- I Inot seeJ it %ith (! o%n e!es0
# I- he had slipped he I-allJ 500 (etres0
& I- he had as)ed !ou* !ou IacceptJ@
' I- I IhadJ a (ap I %ould have "een all ri$ht0
10 I- I I)no%J that !ou %ere co(in$ I1d have "a)ed a ca)e0
11 I Io--erJ to help hi( i- I had realiFed that he %as ill0
1+ I- !ou had le-t that %asp alone it Inot stin$J !ou0
13 I- I IrealiFeJ %hat a "ad driver !ou %ere I %ouldn1t have co(e %ith !ou0
14 I- I had realiFed that the tra--ic li$hts %ere red I IstopJ0
15 But -or the -o$ %e IreachJ our destination a$es a$o0
16 I- !ou had told (e that he never paid his de"ts I Inot lendJ hi( the (one!0
1# I- !ou Inot sneeFeJ he %ouldn1t have )no%n that %e %ere there0
1& I- !ou IputJ so(e (ustard in the sand%iches the! %ould have tasted "etter0
1' .he hens Inot $etJ into the house i- !ou had shut the door0
+0 I- he had )no%n that the river %as dan$erous he Inot tr!J to s%i( across it0
+1 I- !ou Ispea)J (ore slo%l! he (i$ht have understood !ou0
++ I- he had )no%n the %hole stor! he Inot "eJ so an$r!0
+3 I shouldn1t have eaten it i- I I)no%J that there %as $in$er in it0
+4 I- I Itr!J a$ain I thin) that I %ould have succeeded0
+5 Aou Inot $etJ into trou"le i- !ou had o"e!ed (! instructions0
+6 I- !ou hadn1t "een in such a hurr! !ou Inot putJ su$ar into the sauce instead o- salt0
+# I- I I"eJ read! %hen he called he %ould have ta)en (e %ith hi(0
+& 2he had a headache9 other%ise she Ico(eJ %ith us0
+' I- she had listened to (! directions she Inot turnJ do%n the %ron$ street0
30 I- !ou Iloo)J at the en$ine -or a (o(ent !ou %ould have seen %hat %as (issin$0
31 Ko(e I"e capturedJ "! her ene(ies i- the $eese hadn1t cac)led0
3+ <e %ould have "een arrested i- he Itr!J to leave the countr!0
33 I Ita)eJ a tai i- I had realiFed that it %as such a lon$ %a!0
34 Aou IsaveJ (e a lot o- trou"le i- !ou had told (e %here !ou %ere $oin$0
35 .he! %ould have -orced their %a! into the house i- I Inot callJ -or help0
36 I- he had put out his pipe "e-ore puttin$ it in his poc)et he Inot "urnJ a hole in his
coat0
1onditional sentences: !ixed types
PEG ++1P 6
Put the ver"s in "rac)ets into the correct tenses0
1 I- !ou I-indJ a s)eleton in the cellar don1t (ention it to an!one0
&+
+ I- !ou pass !our ea(ination %e IhaveJ a cele"ration0
3 :hat IhappenJ i- I press this "utton@
4 I should have voted -or her i- I IhaveJ a vote then0
5 I- !ou $o to Paris %here !ou Ista!J@
6 I- so(eone o--ered to "u! !ou one o- those rin$s* %hich !ou IchooseJ@
# .he -li$ht (a! "e cancelled i- the -o$ I$etJ thic)0
& I- the (il)(an Ico(eJ tell hi( to leave t%o pints0
' 2o(eone IsitJ on !our $lasses i- !ou leave the( there0
10 Aou %ould pla! "etter "rid$e i- !ou Inot tal)J so (uch0
11 :hat I IdoJ i- I hear the "ur$lar alar(@
1+ I- !ou IreadJ the instructions care-ull! !ou %ouldn1t have ans%ered the %ron$
8uestion0
13 I could repair the roo- (!sel- i- I IhaveJ a lon$ ladder0
14 7nless the! turn that radio o-- I I$oJ (ad0
15 I- !ou %ere (ade redundant %hat !ou IdoJ@
16 :e1ll have a lon$ %a! to %al) i- %e IrunJ out o- petrol here0
1# I- !ou sha)e that "ottle o- port it Inot "eJ -it to drin)0
1& I1ll pro"a"l! $et lost unless he Ico(eJ %ith (e0
1' Aou Inot haveJ so (an! accidents i- !ou drove (ore slo%l!0
+0 I- !ou I%earJ a -alse "eard no"od! %ould have reco$niFed !ou0
+1 I- she IleaveJ the -ish there the car %ill $et it0
++ 7nless the! leave a la(p "eside that hole in the road so(e"od! into it0
+3 Aou1ll $et pneu(onia i- !ou Inot chan$eJ !our %et clothes0
+4 I- I had )no%n that !ou couldn1t eat octopus I Inot "u!J it0
+5 I- the! Ihan$J that picture lo%er people %ould "e a"le to see it0
+6 2he I"e a"leJ to %al) -aster i- her shoes hadn1t such hi$h heels0
+# I I"rin$J !ou so(e "eer i- I had )no%n that !ou %ere thirst!0
+& I- !ou had touched that electric ca"le !ou I"eJ electrocuted0
+' I- the stor! hadn1t "een true the ne%spaper Inot printJ it0
30 I Inot "u!J thin$s on the install(ent s!ste( i- I %ere !ou0
31 ?ial ''' i- !ou I%antJ Police* A("ulance* or 5ire Bri$ade0
3+ Aou Inot "eJ an! use to (e unless !ou learn to t!pe0
33 I- an!one attac)ed (e* (! do$ Iju(pJ at his throat0
34 I- he %ere in he Ians%erJ the phone0
35 .he ship %ould have run a$round i- the pilot I(a)eJ one (ista)e0
36 I shouldn1t have ta)en !our u("rella i- I I)no%J that it %as the onl! one !ou had0
1onditional sentences: !ixed types
PEG ++1-6
5inish these sentences* ta)in$ care to use the correct tenses0
1 I- he had ta)en (! advice 0 0 0
+ I- !ou ate less 0 0 0
3 :e1ll send -or the doctor i- 0 0 0
4 I- she practised (ore 0 0 0
5 I- there isn1t enou$h %ine in that "ottle 0 0 0
6 I- !ou had chec)ed the petrol "e-ore %e started 0 0 0
# .his cloc) %ouldn1t have run do%n i- 0 0 0
&3
& .r! on the "lue one i- 0 0 0
' I- these $ates are loc)ed 0 0 0
10 I- %e leave "e-ore "rea)-ast 0 0 0
11 I- the river rises an! hi$her 0 0 0
1+ <er li-e (i$ht have "een saved i- 0 0 0
13 I- the volcano starts eruptin$ 000
14 .he $rass %ould loo) "etter i- 0 0 0
15 7nless it is a nice da! 0 0 .
16 I- !ou don1t put enou$h sta(ps on a letter* the person %ho $ets it 0 0 0
1# <e %ould lend it to !ou i- 0 0 0
1& 7nless this hotel $ets another coo) 0 0 0
1' I- the stor( "eco(es %orse 0 0 0
+0 I- !our uncle sees !ou 0 0 0
+1 I- !ou tried to cli(" it %ithout a $uide 0 0 0
++ I- !ou didn1t sha)e the ca(era so (uch* !our photo$raphs 0 0 0
+3 I1d have "rou$ht (! coat 0 0 0
+4 I- (>as) !ou don1t li)e the picture 0 0 0
+5 <e %ould have $iven her dia(onds i- 0 0 0
+6 I- !ou had as)ed his per(ission 0 0 0
+# I- the -ire had "een noticed earlier 0 0 0
+& I- !ou had an! sense 0 0 0
+' Aou %ould have "een an$r! i- 0 0 0
30 I- he had put the -lo%ers into %ater at once 0 0 0
31 I should have ordered (ore coal i- 0 0 0
3+ I- !ou leave the $ate open 0 0 0
33 Aou %ill have to $o to the dentist i- . . .
34 <e %ould have "een dro%ned i- 0 0 0
35 I- I1d had a car 0 0 0
36 I- .o( rin$s %hile I1( out 0 0 0

3ixed tenses and verb $or!s
PEG ++1-6* +&3-4
3onditional -or(s are used in re8uests0
5ill the $aps in the -ollo%in$ dialo$ue %ith a suita"le ver" -or(0
.elephone conversation 0
1 Ann: 00 0I000 to 4r :ash* please@
2 4ash: 4ash + + +
3 Ann: Good (ornin$* 4r :ash0 .his is Ann Eones o- 10 3!prus Koad0
0 0 0 !ou co(e and 0 0 0 (! %indo%s one 2aturda! this (onth@
4 :ash: I1( a-raid 1000 (negati*e). .he net si 2aturda!s are ahead "oo)ed0
5 But I000 000on :ednesda! (ornin$0
6 Ann: 0 0 0 !ou 0 0 0 ver! earl! on :ednesda!@ I leave at &015 on %ee)da!s0
&4
# :ash: I000 000to !ou "! &0300 0 0 0 that "e earl! enou$h@
& Ann: Ho* it 000C .here 0 0 0 "e no"od! to let !ou in0
I000 the -lat at &0150
' :ash: Gh &015C 1000 !ou000 &030C
10 :ell* I suppose 1000 000to !ou "! &000 as !ou1re an old custo(er0
But I 0 0 0 (negati*e) . . . a ha"it o- it0
11 It (eans 0 0 0 "rea)-ast at 6 and (! %i-e 0 0 0 (negati*e) that0
1+ 2he 0 0 0 al%a!s 0 0 0 to persuade (e to $ive up %indo%> 0 0 0 as it0
2he 0 0 0 it1s dan$erous0
13 Ann: :hat 0 0 0 she 0 0 0 !ou 0 0 0 instead@
14 :ash: <er -ather has a shop and she000 000(e000 000in it0
15 2he 000it000 "e a nice stead! jo" %ith re$ular hours*
16 And i- 1000 in a shop she 000 000 %here I %as0
1# Ann: And . 0 0 !ou reall! 0 * 0 o- $ivin$ it up@
1& :ash: Ho* I 0 0 0 the li-e0 At least* I 0 0 0 it in su((er0
1' Besides* I 000 000 "ored %or)in$ in a shop0
+0 :ell* 0 0 0 :ednesda! at &000 0 0 0 !ou then* 4iss Eones@
+1 Ann: Aes* it 0 0 0 "e splendid0 It1s ver! $ood o- !ou 0 0 0 0 0 0 so earl!0
++ I 0 0 0 let !ou in and !ou can 0 0 0 !oursel- out0
+3 Aou 0 0 0 shut the door care-ull! a-ter !ou* 0 0 0 (negati*e interrogati*e) !ou@
+4 :ash: Aes* o- course 10000I al%a!s 0000 Good"!e* 4iss Eones0
2n$initive
,ull or bare in$initive
PEG +46
Insert to %here necessar! "e-ore the in-initives in "rac)ets0
1 <e (ade (e IdoJ it all over a$ain0
+ 2he can Isin$J 8uite %ell0
3 <e %ill "e a"le Is%i(J ver! soon0
4 I used IliveJ in a caravan0
5 Aou ou$ht I$oJ toda!0 It (a! IrainJ to(orro%0
6 Aou needn1t Isa!J an!thin$0 Eust nod !our head and he %ill IunderstandJ0
# I %ant IseeJ the house %here our president %as "orn0
& <e (ade her IrepeatJ the (essa$e0
' 4a! I IuseJ !our phone@
10 Aou needn1t Ias)J -or per(ission9 !ou can IuseJ it %henever !ou li)e0
11 I- !ou %ant I$etJ there "e-ore dar) !ou should IstartJ at once0
1+ I couldn1t Ire(e("erJ his address0
13 Aou1ll "e a"le IdoJ it !oursel- %hen !ou are older0
14 :ould !ou li)e I$oJ no% or shall %e I%aitJ till the end@
15 .he! %on1t let us IleaveJ the 3usto(s shed till our lu$$a$e has "een ea(ined0
16 <o% dare !ou IopenJ (! lettersC
1# <e didn1t dare Iar$ueJ %ith his "oss0
1& I used Is(o)eJ -ort! ci$arettes a da!0
1' :ill !ou help (e I(oveJ the "oo)case@
&5
+0 <e %ouldn1t let (! "a"! Ipla!J %ith his $old %atch0
+1 .he! re-used IacceptJ the "ri"e0
++ <e is epected IarriveJ in a -e% da!s0
+3 Please let (e I)no%J !our decision as soon as possi"le0
+4 <e (ade us I%aitJ -or hours0
+5 3ould !ou ItellJ (e the ti(e* please@
+6 :e (ust IsendJ hi( a tele$ra(0
+# I let hi( I$oJ earl! as he %anted I(eetJ his %i-e0
+& :here %ould !ou li)e IhaveJ lunch@
+' Aou can IleaveJ !our do$ %ith us i- !ou don1t I%antJ Ita)eJ hi( %ith !ou0
30 I1d li)e hi( I$oJ to a universit! "ut I can1t I(a)eJ hi( I$oJ0
31 :e could I$oJ to a concert* unless !ou1d pre-er IvisitJ a (useu(0
3+ Aou see( I)no%J this area ver! %ell0 ;
Aes* I used IliveJ here0
33 .he )idnappers told the parents Inot in-or(J the police* and the parents didn1t dare
Idiso"e!J0
34 Heed I Ico(eJ@ I1d (uch rather Ista!J at ho(e0
35 Aou can Ita)eJ a horse to %ater "ut !ou can1t I(a)eJ hi( Idrin)J0 (proverb)
36 I1( sorr! IdisappointJ !ou "ut I can1t IletJ !ou IhaveJ an! (ore (one! till the end o-
the (onth0
,ull or bare in$initive
PEG +46
Insert to %here necessar! "e-ore the in-initives in "rac)ets0 IIn o- the sentences a present
participle could "e used instead o- an in-initive0 .hese alternatives %ill "e noted in the
)e!0J
1 It is eas! I"eJ %ise a-ter the event0
+ ?o !ou I%ishJ I(a)eJ a co(plaint@
3 :e don1t I%antJ an!"od! I)no%J that %e are here0
4 I- !ou can1t Ire(e("erJ his nu("er !ou1d "etter Iloo)J it up0
5 I %ant her IlearnJ Esperanto9 I thin) ever!"od! ou$ht to I)no%J it@
6 <e is said I"eJ the "est sur$eon in the countr!0
# 6isitors are as)ed Inot -eedJ the ani(als0
& 3ould I IseeJ 4r Pitt* please@-
I1( a-raid 4r Pitt isn1t in0 :ould !ou li)e Ispea)J to his secretar!1
' It1s "etter ItravelJ hope-ull! than IarriveJ* (pro*er$)
10 <e should I)no%J ho% IuseJ the -il( projector* "ut i- he doesn1t had "etter Isho%J
hi(0
11 <e %as (ade Isi$nJ a paper ad(ittin$ his $uilt0
1+ I heard the door IopenJ and sa% a shado% I(oveJ across the -loor0
13 <e tried I(a)eJ (e I"elieveJ that he %as (! step"rother0
14 As %e see( Ihave (issedJ the train %e (a! as %ell I$oJ "ac) to the house0
15 I -elt the house Isha)eJ %ith the eplosion*
16 <e told (e Itr!J Ico(eJ earl!0
1# Be-ore he let us I$oJ he (ade us Ipro(iseJ Inot tellJ an!one %hat had seen0
1& :ould !ou Ili)eJ Ico(eJ in (! car@ ;
Ho* than)s0 I1d rather I%al)J0
&6
1' I advised hi( Ias)J the "us conductor ItellJ hi( %here I$etJ o--0
+0 It is "etter IputJ !our (one! in a "an) than I)eepJ it under !our "ed in an old
stoc)in$0
+1 <e doesn1t even "other IreadJ letters* let alone Ians%erJ the(0
++ .he "an) ro""ers (ade the cashier Isho%J the( ho% IopenJ the sa-e0
+3 I- !ou )ne% he %as %ron$* %h! didn1t !ou Isa!J so(ethin$@ ;
I didn1t li)e Isa!J an!thin$ "ecause he al%a!s $ets an$r! i- !ou contradict hi(0
+4 It1s "etter I"eJ sure than sorr!0
+5 :hat do !ou I%antJ (e ItellJ hi(@ ;
.ell hi( that an! ti(e he cares IcallJ I shall "e deli$hted IdiscussJ the (atter %ith
hi(0
+6 ?id !ou re(e("er I$iveJ hi( the (one!@ ;
Ho* I didn1t* I still have it in (! poc)et9 "ut I1ll IseeJ hi( toni$ht and I pro(ise
Inot -or$etJ this ti(e0
+# I sa% the driver IopenJ his %indo% and Ithro%J a "o into the "ushes0
+& .hat is -ar too heav! -or one person Icarr!J9 let (e IhelpJ !ou0
+' I %as a-raid Ipic)J up the revolver as I don1t )no% ho% IhandleJ -irear(s0
30 I sa% the plane IcrashJ into the hill and I"urstJ into -la(es0
31 .here is nothin$ IdoJ "ut I%aitJ till so(e"od! co(es IletJ us out0
3+ <e heard a coc) Icro%J in a nei$h"ourin$ villa$e0
33 Aou (a! as %ell ItellJ us the truth0 It %ill I"eJ eas! Ichec)J !our stor!0
34 .he A(erican said he had seen nine presidents Ico(eJ and I$oJ0 ;
<e (ust I"eJ a ver! old (an0
35 It is up to !ou IlearnJ the la%s o- !our o%n countr!0
36 :ould !ou rather I"eJ (ore stupid than !ou loo) or Iloo)J (ore stupid than !ou are@
2n$initive represented by t%
PEG +4#
In each o- the -ollo%in$ pairs o- sentences an in-initive used in the -irst sentence is
repeated in the second0 Kead the sentences* epressin$ this second in-initive "! to onl!0
Hote that %here the second in-initive has an o"ject* this %ord/phrase (ust "e o(itted0
:h! didn1t !ou tell (e the truth the -irst ti(e@-
I (eant to tell !ou the truth "ut I %as too -ri$htened0
I meant to $ut I was too frightened.
1 ?id !ou visit the P!ra(ids@ ;
Ho* I %anted to visit the( "ut there %asn1t ti(e0
+ :h! do !ou %ear dar) $lasses@ ;
I have to %ear the(9 I have %ea) e!es0
3 ?o !ou s(o)e@ ;
Ho* I used to s(o)e "ut I don1t no%0
4 :ould !ou li)e to $o to the theatre toni$ht@ ;
Aes* I1d love to $o to the theatre0
5 :h! didn1t !ou pa! the "ill -or hi(@ ;
I o--ered to pa! it "ut he re-used0
6 <ave !ou put the car in the $ara$e@ ;
Ho* "ut I1( just $oin$ to put it there0
# I %ant !ou t%o to apolo$iFe to each other0 ;
&#
:ell0 la( %illin$ to apolo$iFe it he apolo$iFes -irst0
& ?id !ou reserve seats on the train@ ;
Ho0 I tried to reserve the( "ut the! had all "een "oo)ed alread!0
' ?id !ou ans%er the letter@ ;
Ho* I intended to ans%er it "ut I1( a-raid I -or$ot
10 :h! didn1t !ou hit hi(@ ;
I %as a-raid to hit hi(0
11 I1d love to spend a ni$ht in a haunted roo(0 ;
I1d hate to spend a ni$ht in a haunted roo(0
1+ :h! didn1t !ou as) !our -ather -or the (one!@ ;
I didn1t li)e to as) hi(0
13 ?id !ou $et a chance to -l! the aeroplane !oursel-@ ;
Ho* I %anted to -l! it "ut the pilot %ouldn1t let (e0
14 :h! doesn1t he punish his "o!s %hen the! diso"e! hi(@ ;
<e o-ten threatens to punish the( "ut he never actuall! does so0
15 :h! didn1t he repair the car hi(sel-@ ;
<e %asn1t a"le to repair it0
16 I used to drin) %his)! %ith (! (eals0 ;
I used to drin) %his)! %ith (! (eals also "ut I don1t no%0
1# ?id !ou "u! sausa$es@;
Ho* I (eant to "u! the( "ut I -or$ot0
1& :h! doesn1t he tr! a$ain@;
<e doesn1t %ant to tr! a$ain0
1' Aou should visit the Prado %hen !ou are in 4adrid0;
Aes0 I intend to visit it0
+0 :h! doesn1t he pla! $a(es@ ;
<is (other doesn1t %ant hi( to pla! $a(es0
+1 Aou ou$ht to stop %or) no%0 ;
Aes* I a( just $oin$ to stop0
++ :h! do so(e joc)e!s carr! etra %ei$hts@;
.he! are o"li$ed to carr! the( "! the re$ulations0
+3 ?id he help !ou@;
Ho* I as)ed hi( to help (e "ut he said he hadn1t ti(e0
+4 Aou should have than)ed her "e-ore !ou le-t0 ;
I (eant to than) her "ut %hen I %as $oin$ I couldn1t -ind her an!%here0
+5 :h! did she put parsle! in the soup@;
I told her to put it in0
+6 :h! didn1t he report it to the police@;
<e %as a-raid to report it0 <e didn1t thin) the!1d "elieve hi(0
+# :h! did he drive so -ast@ ;
<e had to drive -ast9 other%ise he1d have (issed his train0
+& Aou used to li)e rice puddin$0 ;
Aes* I )no% I used to li)e it "ut I don1t no%0
+' :h! didn1t !ou "u! the car@ ;
I %as advised not to "u! it0
30 I hope the children %on1t $o near the %ater0 ;
I %arned the( not to $o near it0
31 :h! are %e tr!in$ to $et plannin$ per(ission@ ;
&&
:e have to $et plannin$ per(ission0 It is the la%0
3+ I (eant to %or) hard0 ;
I )no% !ou (eant to %or) hard "ut !ou didn1t0
33 ?o the "o!s tid! their o%n roo(s@ ;
.he! are supposed to tid! the( "ut the! don1t al%a!s0
34 :h! didn1t he call the police0 ;
<e %asn1t a"le to call the(0 <is telephone line had "een cut0
35 :h! did !ou (ove !our car@ ;
.he police(an told (e to (ove it0
36 :h! did !ou "rin$ !our (other-in-la%@ I particularl! as)ed !ou not to "rin$ her0
t%%(e%u*'(s% , , , as ith in$initive
PEG +5+
3o("ine each o- the -ollo%in$ pairs o- sentences into one sentence usin$ too/enough
%ith in-initive0
It is ver! cold0 :e can1t $o out0
It is too #old for us to go out.
<e is stron$0 <e can carr! it0
-e is strong enough to #arry it.
Ke%rite nu("ers 3* +0* and 35 usin$ so . . . as %ith in-initive0
Ienough %ith in-initive could also "e used here* %hile so . . . as could replace enough in
nu("ers '* +4* and +'0 .hese alternatives are $iven in the )e!0J
1 Aou are ver! !oun$0 Aou can1t have a -ront-door )e!0
+ It is ver! cold0 :e can1t "athe0
3 :ould !ou "e ver! )ind and ans%er this letter "! return@
4 I a( rather old0 I can1t %ear that )ind o- hat0
5 .he ladder %asn1t ver! lon$0 It didn1t reach the %indo%0
6 <e hadn1t (uch (one!0 <e couldn1t live on it0 (Omit it0J
# <e %as -urious0 <e couldn1t spea)0
& .he -ire isn1t ver! hot0 It %on1t "oil a )ettle0
' .o( %as ver! -oolish0 <e told lies to the police0
10 Aou are 8uite thin0 Aou could slip "et%een the "ars0
11 <e is ver! ill0 <e can1t eat an!thin$0
1+ Gur ne% car is ver! %ide0 It %on1t $et throu$h those $ates0
13 .he -loor %asn1t stron$0 :e couldn1t dance on it0 (Omit it0J
14 I %as terri-ied0 I couldn1t (ove0
15 .he "ull isn1t "i$0 <e couldn1t har( !ou0
16 .he co--ee isn1t stron$0 It %on1t )eep us a%a)e0
1# .he river is deep0 :e can1t %ade it0 (Omit it0J
1& <e is laF!0 <e %on1t $et up earl!0
1' <e %on1t $et up earl! so he never catches the -ast train0
+0 :ould !ou "e ver! $ood and -or%ard (! letters %hile I a( a%a!@
+1 .he ice is 8uite thic)0 :e can %al) on it0 (Omit it0J
++ <e %as ver! drun)0 <e couldn1t ans%er (! 8uestion0
+3 It is ver! cold0 :e can1t have "rea)-ast in the $arden0
+4 <e %as etre(el! rash0 <e set o-- up the (ountain in a thic) -o$0
&'
+5 :e aren1t ver! hi$h0 :e can1t see the su((it0
+6 Aou aren1t ver! old0 Aou can1t understand these thin$s0
+# <e %as ver! sno""ish0 <e %ouldn1t tal) to an! o- us0
+& .he pac)a$e is ver! thic)0 I can1t push it throu$h the letter"o0 (Omit it0J
+' 2he %as ver! (ean0 2he never $ave to charit!0
30 <e is ver! i(patient0 <e never listens to an!one0
31 I %as ver! tired0 I couldn1t %al) an! -urther0
3+ It1s not ver! dar)0 :e can1t see the stars clearl!0
33 It %as ver! hot0 Aou could -r! an e$$ on the pave(ent0
34 .he oran$es %ere ver! "itter0 :e couldn1t eat the(0 (Omit the(0J
35 :ould !ou "e ver! )ind and turn do%n the radio a little@
36 <e is ver! sel-ish0 <e %ouldn1t put hi(sel- out -or an!one0
Various in$initive constructions
PEG +6-#* 114* +3'* +4'-50
Keplace the $roup o- %ords in italics "! an in-initive or an in-initive construction0
It is i(portant that he should understand this0
It is importantor him to understand this.
<e %as the -irst (an who arri*ed.
-e was the first man to arri*e.
1 .he captain %as the last (an who left the ship0
+ <e $ot to the top and was *ery disappointed when he found that so(eone else had
reached it -irst0
3 (he #ommittee ha*e de#ided to send you to Paris0 IAou I$oJ to Par
omit .he co((ittee have decided to send0J
4 :ould !ou "e *ery )ind and lend (e !our u("rella@
5 .here are a lot o- sheets that need mending.
6 I %as astonished when I heard that he had le-t the countr!0
# It is "etter that he should hear it -ro( !ou0
8 I was rude to hi(* whi#h was stupid. IIt %as stupid 000J
' I- he had another child with whom he #ould play, he %ould "e happier
10 It is necessar! that e*eryone should know the truth0
11 .here %as no place where we #ould sit.
1+ <e put his hand into his poc)et and was astonished when he found that his %allet
%asn1t there0
13 -e rushed into the "urnin$ house* whi#h %as ver! "rave o- hi(0
IIt %as ver! "rave 0 0 0J
14 I can1t $o to the part!9 I have nothin$ that I #an wear.
15 It is e/pe#ted that he will $road#ast a state(ent toni$ht0 I<e is epected000J
16 I %ant a )itchen where I L in whi#h) I #an #ook.
1# <e reached the station ehausted and was *ery disappointed when he learnt that the
train had just le-t0
1& <aven1t !ou an!thin$ with whi#h you #ould open it'
1' It seems that the #rime was #ommitted "! a le-t-handed (an0
I.he cri(e see(s 0 0 0 )se perfe#t infiniti*e passi*e.)
+0 Is it li)el! that he will arri*e "e-ore si@ IIs he 0 0 0J
'0
+1 I %as on the point of lea*ing the house %hen the phone ran$0
++ (his is the plan? someone will meet you at the station 0 0 0
IAou 0 0 0 I"e (etJ at the stationJ
+3 2he is anious that they should ha*e ever! possi"le advanta$e0
+4 It is said that he %as a "rilliant scientist0 I<e is said 0 0 0J
+5 .he stri)ers decided that the strike should #ontinue.
+6 :ould !ou "e *ery kind and translate this -or (e@
+# It is advisa"le that we should lea*e the house separatel!0
+& You signed the docu(ent %ithout readin$ it* whi#h was *ery stupid.
IIt %as stupid000J
+' It is said that she has a -ri$ht-ul te(per0 I2he 0 0 0J
30 <e %as the -irst (an who swam the 3hannel0
31 (hey $elie*e that he is honest0 I<e 0 0 0J
3+ It appears that he was killed %ith a "lunt instru(ent0
I<e appears 0 0 0 )se passi*e infiniti*e.)
33 <e %as the onl! one who reali@ed the dan$er0
34 It is said that the earth was ori$inall! part o- the sun0 I.he earth 0 0 0J
35 <e too) out his spare %heel and was *ery disappointed when he dis#o*ered that that
t!re %as also punctured0
36 It is said that the murderer is hiding in the %oods near !our house0
Per$ect in$initive used ith auxiliary verbs
PEG +55
7se the per-ect in-initive o- the ver" in italics %ith the appropriate auiliar! ver"0
Phrases in "old t!pe should not "e repeated* "ut their (eanin$ should "e epressed "!
the auiliar! / per-ect in-initive0
It is possible that he telephoned %hile %e %ere out0
-e may ha*e telephoned while we were out.
Aou (thank) hi( -or his present but you didn't0
You should ha*e thanked him for his present.
1 I realiFed that (! house %as on -ire0 ;
.hat ($e) a terri"le (o(ent0
+ I sa% a $host last ni$ht0 ;
Aou (not see) a $host: there aren1t an! $hosts0 Aou (dream) it0
" It is possible that a child $roke the %indo%0
4 Aou #arried it !oursel-* %hich %as not necessar!0
5 I1ve had a toothache -or t%o da!s0 ;
Aou (go) to the dentist %hen it started0
6 .here (he) (otor-c!cle races on the sands "ut as it is so %et the! have "een cancelled*
# As I %as standin$ in the hall !our do$ "it (e0 ;
It (not he) (! do$9 he %as %ith (e all da!0 It ($e) (! "rother1s
& I -eel terri"l! ill toda!0 ;
Aou (not eat) those (ushroo(s !esterda!0 4ushroo(s don1t a$ree %ith !ou0
' I %onder %h! he didn1t ans%er@ ;
Possibly he didn "t understand the 8uestion0
10 I ga*e hi( a tip* which was not necessary.
'1
11 .he prisoner (es#ape) this %a!* -or here are his -ootprints0
1+ Aou lied to hi(* which was wrong.
13 I didn1t reco$niFe the voice at the other end o- the line0 ;
It ($e) (! elder sister9 she is o-ten at ho(e at that ti(e0 It (not $e) (! !oun$est sister
as she is a"road0
14 2o(eone (#ook) a (eal here latel!9 the stove is still hot0
15 I1ve "rou$ht (! o%n sand%iches0 ;
Aou (not $ring) the(0 I have enou$h -or t%o0
16 .he "ur$lar %ent strai$ht to the sa-e althou$h it %as hidden "e picture0 ;
2o(eone (tell) hi( %here it %as0
1# .he president (un*eil) the statue* "ut he is ill so his %i-e is doin$ instead+
1& .he plane is late9 I %onder %hat has happened@ ;
Possibly it was dela!ed "! -o$0
1' I have never (et hi(0 ;
Aou (meet) hi(9 he lives net door to !ou0
+0 I (do) it0 IIt %as (! dut! to do it* "ut I didn1t0J
+1 <e (not #at#h) the '0+0 train "ecause he didn1t leave ho(e till '0
++ I opened it* which was unnecessary.
+3 .he police %ere here %hile %e %ere out0 ;
2o(eone ($etray) us0
+4 I dro*e at &0 (iles an hour* which was wrong.
+5 :hen I %as !our a$e I (#lim$) that (ountain* I"ut I didn1tJ0
+6 I- a police(an had seen (e cli("in$ throu$h !our %indo% he (e %hat I %as doin$*
+# <e said that censorship o- ne%s %as ridiculous and it (a$olish) a$o0 Ipassive ver"J
+& Aou $oiled so (an! e$$s9 but there are onl! -our o- us0
+' 2he (play) the chie- part in the -il(* "ut she 8uarrelled %ith the director* so he
en$a$ed
so(eone else0
30 .his poe( ($e) %ritten "! Neats* but I am not certain.
31 <e (take) o-- his hat in the theatre* I"ut he didn1tJ0
3+ People used to %al) t%ent! (iles to do their shoppin$0 ;
.he! (ha*e) a lot o- ener$! in those da!s0
33 Gne da! he %ent -or a %al) up a (ountain and never ca(e "ac)0 ;
<e (fall) over a precipice0
34 I just pressed li$htl! on the pane and (! hand %ent throu$h0 ;
.he $lass ($e) ver! thin0
35 Aou translated it into 5rench* which wasn't necessary.
36 Aou looked at the ne% (oon throu$h $lass0 It is (ost unluc)!0
Per$ect in$initive used ith auxiliaries and so!e other verbs
PEG +55
Instructions: as -or Eercise #3* "ut %here t%o ver"s in italics are placed side "! side* put
the second ver" into the per-ect in-initive and the -irst into an appropriate tense0
.his palace (say) ($uild) in three !ears0
(his pala#e is said to ha*e $een $uilt in three years.
1 2he (marry) (! "rother "ut she %as )illed in a plane crash a (onth "e-ore the
%eddin$
'+
date0
+ Aou repeated it* which was unnecessary.
3 .here (seem) ($e) a -i$ht here0 Ever!thin$ is s(ashed to "its0
4 :e (set) out toda!* "ut the %eather is so "ad that %e decided to postpone our start till
to(orro%0
5 I thou$ht the! %ere (ushroo(s0 ;
Aou (not eat) the( unless !ou %ere sure0 .he! ($e) poisonous0
6 <e learnt the lan$ua$e in si (onths0 ;
<e (work) ver! hard0
# I $rought (! u("rella* which %as unnecessary.
& I (like) ($athe) "ut there %asn1t ti(e0
' I1ve -or$otten the address0 I (write) it do%n (but I didn't.
10 I- I1d )no%n !our house %as so cold I (not #ome).
11 Aou (tell) (e !ou %ere $oin$ ca(pin$C I- I1d )no%n I (go) %ith !ou0-
But it rained all the ti(e0 Aou (not like) that* %ould !ou@
1+ :ho $ave !ou (! address@ ;
I don1t re(e("er0 It ($e) .o(0 ;
It (not $e) .o(9 he doesn1t )no% it0
13 Aou $ought -lo%ers but %e have plent! in the $arden0
14 A-ter t%o !ears o- his teachin$ she )ne% a"solutel! nothin$0 ;
<e (not $e) a $ood teacher0
15 4! sister has just co(e "ac) -ro( a"road0 2he (seem) (enAoy) her trip ver! (uch0
16 =i-e ($e) ver! unco(-orta"le in the 2tone A$e0
1# Aou (stand) still %hen !ou %ere "ein$ photo$raphed* I"ut !ou didn1tJ0
1& I (go) to a -orei$n universit! "ut the %ar prevented it0
1' I (like) (photograph) it "ut I had no (ore -il(0
+0 .here (he) a "ad accident here0 =oo) at all the "ro)en $lass0
+1 It is possible that prehistoric cave dra%in$s were connected %ith reli$ion0
++ I have "een drivin$ -or +0 !ears0 .
Aou (not dri*e) -or +0 !ears0 Aou are onl! 30 no%0
+3 It (take) !ears to di$ the 2ueF 3anal0
+4 <e %al)ed past (e %ithout spea)in$0 ;
<e (not re#ogni@e) !ou0 <e is ver! short-si$hted0
+5 I (like) (go) to the (atch "ut the tic)ets %ere all sold0
+6 <e sa!s he sa% !ou at the theatre !esterda!0 ;
<e (not see) (e0 I %asn1t there0
+# .his picture (a! "e a -a)e: on the other hand it ($e) painted "! one o- the ?utch
(asters0
+& It is possible that the -ire in the ship was started "! a "o("0
+' 2he %al)ed 300 (iles* carr!in$ her child0 ;
2he (ha*e) $reat coura$e0
30 It is possible that he (read) it in the papers0 ;
<e (not read) it0 <e can1t read0 2o(eone (tell) hi(0
31 I told the( to (eet (e under the cloc) "ut the! didn1t turn up0
Perhaps the! were waiting under the %ron$ cloc)0 .here are t%o in
the station0
3+ <e told (e his na(e %as Eohnson0 ;
Aou (mishear) hi(0 <is na(e is Eones0
'3
33 I said that I couldn1t -ind (! pen and he said that perhaps so(e"od! had $orrowed it0
34 I (like) (ask) a 8uestion "ut I %as sittin$ so -ar "ac) that I didn1t thin) I1d "e heard0
35 .here ($e) a -ort here at one ti(e0 Aou can see %here the -oundations %ere0
36 .he dinosaur ($e said) ($e) rather a stupid ani(al0
%erund, in$initive and participles
(he gerund
PEG +5#
Put the ver"s in "rac)ets into the $erund0
1 <e $ave up I$a("leJ0
+ .r! to avoid I(a)eJ hi( an$r!0
3 2top Iar$ueJ and start I%or)J0
4 .he children pre-er I%atchJ .6 to IreadJ0
5 I a( a$ainst I(a)eJ an! co(plaints0
6 It1s no use Icr!J over spilt (il)0 0pro*er$)
1 I su$$est IholdJ another (eetin$ net %ee)0
& <e -inished Ispea)J and sat do%n0
' <e %as -ined -or IdriveJ %ithout li$hts0
10 It is di--icult to $et used to IeatJ %ith chopstic)s0
11 if !ou can1t turn the )e! tr! IputJ so(e oil in the loc)0
1+ <e lost no ti(e in I$etJ do%n to %or)0
13 Aou can1t (a)e an o(elette %ithout I"rea)J e$$s0 (pro*er$)
14 :e are loo)in$ -or%ard to IreadJ !our ne% "oo)0
15 .he! escaped "! IslideJ do%n ropes (ade o- "lan)ets0
16 .he! don1t allo% Is(o)eJ in here0
1# <e is thin)in$ o- IleaveJ his jo" and I$oJ to A(erica0
1& A-ter IreadJ this article !ou %ill $ive up Is(o)eJ0
1' I- !ou put !our (one! into that "usiness !ou ris) IloseJ ever! penn!0
+0 I(a$ine IliveJ %ith so(eone %ho never stops Ital)J0
+1 Is there an!thin$ here %orth I"u!J@
++ <e %as accused o- Ilea)J classi-ied in-or(ation to the press0
+3 Aou1d "etter consult !our la%!er "e-ore IdecideJ to "u! the propert!0
+4 I don1t enjo! I$oJ to the dentist0
+5 :ould !ou (ind IputJ !our pet sna)e so(e%here else@
+6 .he hosta$es %ere rescued %ithout a shot I"eJ -ired0
+# B! I%or)J da! and ni$ht he succeeded in I-inishJ the jo" in ti(e0
+& <e has a sche(e -or I(a)eJ $rass $ro% in %inter0
+' I don1t -eel li)e I%or)J9 %hat a"out I$oJ to a disco instead@
30 :ould !ou (ind I%riteJ !our na(e and address on the "ac) o- the che8ue@
31 I- a thin$ is %orth IdoJ at all it is %orth IdoJ %ell0 (pro*er$)
3+ I hate I"orro%J (one!0
33 <e %as -urious at I"eJ (ista)en -or an escaped convict0
34 A-ter Ital)J -or ten (inutes I succeeded in IconvinceJ hi( that there %as no dan$er0
35 I re(e("er IreadJ a revie% o- that "oo) and Ithin)J I1d li)e to $et0
36 As a result o- IlistenJ at )e!holes he learnt (an! -acts %hich he no hesitation in
IuseJ
'4
to his o%n advanta$e0
%erund and in$initive
PEG +66-#1
Put the ver"s in "rac)ets into the correct -or( I$erund or in-initiveJ
1 I a( loo)in$ -or%ard to IseeJ !ou0
+ <e dreads IhaveJ to retire0
3 I arran$ed I(eetJ the( here0
4 <e ur$ed us I%or)J -aster0
5 I %ish IseeJ the (ana$er0
6 It1s no use I%aitJ0
# <e %arned her Inot touchJ the %ire0
& ?on1t -or$et Iloc)J the door "e-ore I$oJ to "ed0
' 4! (other told (e Inot spea)J to an!one a"out it0
10 I can1t understand her I"ehaveJ li)e that0
11 <e tried IeplainJ "ut she re-used IlistenJ0
1+ At dinner she anno!ed (e "! Is(o)eJ "et%een the courses0
13 Aou are epected I)no%J the sa-et! re$ulations o- the colle$e0
14 <e decided Idis$uiseJ hi(sel- "! IdressJ as a %o(an0
15 la( prepared I%aitJ here all ni$ht i- necessar!0
16 :ould !ou (ind Isho%J (e ho% I%or)J the li-t@
1# A-ter I%al)J -or three hours %e stopped to let the others Icatch %ith us0
1& I a( "e$innin$ IunderstandJ %hat !ou (ean0
1' <e %as -ined -or IeceedJ the speed li(it0
+0 .he "o!s li)e Ipla!J $a(es "ut hate IdoJ lessons0
+1 I re$ret Iin-or(J !ou that !our application has "een re-used0
++ I couldn1t help IoverhearJ %hat !ou said0
+3 4rs Eones: I don1t allo% Is(o)eJ in (! dra%in$-roo(0
4rs 2(ith: I don1t allo% (! -a(il! Is(o)eJ at all0
+4 <e surprised us all "! I$oJ a%a! %ithout Isa!J 1Good-"!e10
+5 Please $o on I%riteJ9 I don1t (ind I%aitJ0
+6 <e %ore dar) $lasses IavoidJ I"eJ reco$niFed0
+# Be-ore I$iveJ evidence !ou (ust s%ear Ispea)J the truth0
+& I tried IpersuadeJ hi( Ia$reeJ %ith !our proposal0
+' Aour %indo%s need IcleanJ9 %ould !ou li)e (e IdoJ the( -or !ou@
30 :ould !ou (ind IshutJ the %indo%@ I hate IsitJ in a drau$ht0
31 I can1t help IsneeFeJ9 I cau$ht a cold !esterda! -ro( IsitJ in a drau$ht0
3+ ?o stop Ital)J: I a( tr!in$ I-inishJ a letter0
33 <is doctor advised hi( I$ive upJ Ijo$J0
34 4! %atch )eeps IstopJ0 ;
.hat1s "ecause !ou )eep I-or$etJ I%indJ it0
35 :ithout IrealiFeJ it0 he hindered us instead o- IhelpJ us0
36 People used I(a)eJ -ire "! Iru"J t%o stic)s to$ether0
%erund and in$initive
'5
PEG +66-#1
Put the ver"s in "rac)ets into the correct -or( I$erund or in-initiveJ0
1 <e hates Ians%erJ the phone* and ver! o-ten just lets it Irin$J0
+ I- !ou $o on IletJ !our do$ IchaseJ cars he1ll end "! I"eJ run over0
3 I pre-er IdriveJ to I"e drivenJ0
4 I advise !ou IstartJ Iloo)J -or a -lat at once0
5 :ould !ou (ind IlendJ (e D5@ I -or$ot IcashJ a che8ue0
6 I=ieJ on this "each is (uch (ore pleasant than IsitJ in the o--ice0
# 2he li)es her children I$oJ to the dentist ever! si (onths0
& B! Ine$lectJ Ita)eJ ordinar! precautions he endan$ered the li-e o- his cre%0
' An instructor is co(in$ Isho%J us ho% IuseJ the a8ualun$0
10 I have no intention o- I$oJ to that -il(9 I couldn1t "ear IseeJ (! -avourite actress in
such a dread-ul part0
11 I su$$est ItelephoneJ the hospitals "e-ore Ias)J the police Iloo)J -or hi(0
1+ A-ter IhearJ the conditions I decided Inot enterJ -or the co(petition0
13 2o(e people see( IhaveJ a passion -or I%riteJ to the ne%spapers0
14 <e epects (e Ians%erJ "! return "ut I have no intention o- Irepl!J at all0
15 I tried IeplainJ to hi( "ut he re-used IlistenJ and %ent on I$ru("leJ0
16 B! Io--erJ enor(ous %a$es he is persuadin$ (en IleaveJ their present jo"s and I%or)J
-or hi(0
1# <e postponed I(a)eJ a decision till it %as too late IdoJ an!thin$0
1& I(a$ine IhaveJ I$et upJ at -ive a0(0 ever! da!C
1' .r! I-or$etJ it: it isn1t %orth I%orr!J a"out0
+0 .here is no point in Ire(ainJ in a dan$erous place i- !ou can1t do an!thin$ IhelpJ the
people %ho have Ista!J there0
+1 .he horse %on1t "e %ell enou$h IrunJ in to(orro%1s race0 <e doesn1t see(
Ihave recoveredJ -ro( his lon$ journe!0
++ At -irst I enjo!ed IlistenJ to hi( "ut a-ter a %hile I $ot tired o- IhearJ the sa(e stor!
a$ain and a$ain0
+3 It is usuall! easier IlearnJ a su"ject "! IreadJ "oo)s than "! IlistenJ to lectures0
+4 It %ouldn1t "e sa-e IstartJ do%n no%9 %e1ll have I%aitJ till the (ist clears0
+5 A-ter IdiscussJ the (atter -or an hour the co((ittee adjourned %ithout Ihave reachedJ
an! decision0
+6 It1s not (uch use IhaveJ a "ic!cle i- !ou don1t )no% ho% IrideJ it0
+# <e didn1t dare IleaveJ the house "ecause he %as a-raid o- I(eetJ so(eone %ho (i$ht
Ireco$niFeJ hi(0
+& I distinctl! re(e("er Ipa!J hi(0 I $ave hi( D+0
+' ?id !ou re(e("er I$iveJ hi( the )e! o- the sa-e@ ;
Ho* I didn1t0 I1ll $o and do it no%0
30 Please -or$ive (e -or IinterruptJ !ou "ut %ould !ou (ind IrepeatJ that last sentence@
31 I )no% (! hair %ants IcutJ "ut I never have ti(e I$oJ to the hairdresser1s0
3+ <e (ade a lot o- (one! "! I"u!J tic)ets in advance and IsellJ the( -or t%ice the price
on the da! o- the (atch0
33 2he rushed out o- the roo( %ithout I$iveJ (e a chance IeplainJ0
34 <e )eeps Ias)J (e the ti(e and I )eep ItellJ hi( I"u!J hi(sel- a %atch0
35 <e has a theor! that it is possi"le ItellJ the ti(e in da!li$ht "! Iloo)J into a cat1s e!es0
'6
36 I1d hate I"eJ "eside a volcano %hen it started IeruptJ0
%erund and in$initive
PEG +66-#1
A-ter li#e it is so(eti(es possi"le to use either $erund or in-initive* "ut there tends to "e
a sli$ht di--erence in i(plication0
li#e / $erund usuall! (eans 1enjo!19 it also usuall! i(plies that the action is/%as
per-or(ed: I li)e s)atin$ L I enjo! s)atin$ Iand do s)ateJ0
li#e / in-initive has (ore the (eanin$ o- 1approve o-* li)e the idea or ha"it10 In the
a--ir(ative it $ives no indication as to %hether the action is per-or(ed or not* and in the
ne$ative i(plies that it is not per-or(ed0
I didn1t li)e sa!in$ it usuall! (eans 1 said it* un%illin$l!1* "ut
I didn1t li)e to sa! it usuall! (eans 1 didn1t sa! it1 I"ecause it didn1t see( ri$ht or
sensi"leJ0 .he distinction* ho%ever* is not ri$id0 .he a"ove notes are* there-ore* onl!
$uides %hich (a! sa-el! "e -ollo%ed0
Put the ver"s in "rac)ets into $erund or in-initive0
1 I used IrideJ a lot "ut I haven1t had a chance IdoJ an! since Ico(eJ here0 ;
I ride so(eti(es0 :ould !ou li)e Ico(eJ %ith (e net ti(e@
+ 4ost people pre-er IspendJ (one! to IearnJ it0
3 I resented I"eJ unjustl! accused and as)ed hi( (apologi,e.
4 It isn1t $ood -or children IeatJ too (an! s%eets0
5 I didn1t -eel li)e I%or)J so I su$$ested IspendJ the da! in the garden.
6 :h! do !ou )eep Iloo)J "ac)@ Are !ou a-raid o- I"eJ -ollo%ed@
# ?o !ou re(e("er IpostJ the letter@ ;
Aes* I do9 I posted it in the letter-"o near (! $ate0
& ?id !ou re(e("er Iloc)J the door@ ;
Ho* I didn1t0 I1d "etter I$oJ "ac) and IdoJ it no%0
' Aou still have a lot IlearnJ i- !ou1ll -or$ive (! Isa!J so0
10 It1s no use Itr!J IinterruptJ hi(0 Aou1ll have I%aitJ till he stops Ital)J0
11 I1( -or IdoJ nothin$ till the police arrive0 .he! don1t li)e !ou I(oveJ an!thin$ %hen a
cri(e has "een co((itted0
1+ <e didn1t li)e IleaveJ the children alone in the house "ut he had no alternative as he
had I$oJ out to %or)0
13 :h! didn1t !ou drin) it@-
I didn1t li)e Idrin)J it as I didn1t )no% %hat it %as0
14 I1( ver! sorr! -or I"eJ late0 It %as $ood o- !ou I%aitJ -or (e0
15 I )eep Itr!J I(a)eJ (a!onnaise "ut I never succeed0 ;
.r! IaddJ the !ol) o- a hard-"oiled e$$0
16 ?o !ou -eel li)e I$oJ to a -il( or %ould !ou rather Ista!J at ho(e@
1# 2he told (e Iloo)J throu$h her correspondence and Ita)eJ out an! letters that !ou had
%ritten her0 I didn1t li)e Iloo)J throu$h so(eone else1s letters "ut I had IdoJ as she
said0
1& <e too) to I$et upJ earl! and I%al)J noisil! a"out the house0
1' I li)ed IlistenJ to -ol) (usic (uch "etter than IlistenJ to pop0
+0 .he car "e$an I(a)eJ an etraordinar! noise so I stopped IseeJ %hat it %as0
+1 Aou1ll never re$ret IdoJ a )ind action0
'#
++ <e decided IputJ "ro)en $lass on top o- his %all IpreventJ "o!s Icli("J over it0
+3 <e anno!ed (e ver! (uch "! Ita)eJ the piece o- ca)e that I %as )eepin$ IeatJ a-ter
(!
supper0
+4 <e )ept Irin$J up and Ias)J -or an eplanation and she didn1t )no% %hat IdoJ a"out
hi(0
+5 :e $ot tired o- I%aitJ -or the %eather IclearJ and -inall! decided IsetJ out in the rain0
+6 <e (ade (e IrepeatJ his instructions I(a)eJ sure that I understood %hat I %as IdoJ
a-ter he had $one0
+# I su$$est IleaveJ the car here and IsendJ a "rea)do%n van Ito%J it to the $ara$e0
+& 2he apolo$iFed -or I"orro%J (! se%in$-(achine %ithout Ias)J per(ission and
pro(ised never IdoJ it a$ain0
+' I didn1t (ean Io--endJ an!one "ut so(eho% I succeeded in Ianno!J the( all0
30 2he clai(ed I"e a"leJ ItellJ the -uture "! I$aFeJ into her cr!stal "all0
31 <e never thin)s o- I$etJ out o- !our %a!9 he epects !ou I%al)J round hi(0
3+ Aou don1t need Ias)J his per(ission ever! ti(e !ou %ant IleaveJ the roo(0
33 .he police accused hi( o- IsetJ -ire to the "uildin$ "ut he denied Ihave "eenJ in the
area on the ni$ht o- the -ire0
34 I le-t (! door open0 :h! didn1t !ou %al) in@ ;
I didn1t li)e I$oJ in %hen !ou %eren1t there0
35 It1s (uch "etter I$oJ to a hairdresser than Itr!J IsaveJ ti(e "! IcutJ !our o%n hair0
36 I1d rather IearnJ (! livin$ "! Iscru"J -loors than I(a)eJ (one! "! I"lac)(ailJ
people0
2n$initive, gerund, present participle
PEG +66-#5* +'5 3* +'5 ?
.his eercise includes ea(ples o- "oth ing -or(s* the $erund and the present participle0
Either present participle or in-initive %ithout to can "e used a-ter ver"s o- the senses0
Put the ver"s in "rac)ets into a correct -or(0 :hen (ore than one
-or( is possi"le it %ill "e noted in the )e!0
1 :hen the painter -elt the ladder I"e$inJ IslipJ he $ra""ed the $litter IsaveJ hi(sel-
-ro(
I-allJ0
+ .he sno% )ept I-allJ and the %or)(en $re% tired o- Itr!J I)eepJ the roads clear0
3 <e o--ered IlendJ (e the (one!0 I didn1t li)e Ita)eJ it "ut I had no alternative0
4 :hat %as in the letter@ ;
I don1t )no%0 I didn1t li)e IopenJ it as it %asn1t addressed to (e0
5 ?o !ou re(e("er IreadJ a"out it@ ;
Ho* at that ti(e I %as too !oun$ IreadJ ne%spapers0
6 ?id !ou re(e("er I"oo)J seats -or the theatre to(orro%@ ;
Aes* I have the tic)ets here0 :ould !ou li)e I)eepJ the(@ I a( inclined IloseJ theatre
tic)ets0
# .r! IavoidJ I"eJ late0 <e hates I"eJ )ept I%aitJ0
& I didn1t )no% ho% I$etJ to !our house so I stopped Ias)J the %a!0
' I %ish (! re-ri$erator %ould stop I(a)eJ that horri"le noise0 Aou can1t hear an!one
Ispea)J0
'&
10 .his "oo) tells !ou ho% I%inJ at $a(es %ithout actuall! IcheatJ0
11 .he $un(an "e$an I-ireJ0 <e -elt a "ullet I$raFeJ his chee)0
1+ <e heard the cloc) Istri)eJ si and )ne% that it %as ti(e -or hi( I$etJ up0
13 I can hear the "ell Irin$J "ut no"od! see(s I"e co(in$J IopenJ the door0
14 ?id !ou advise hi( I$oJ to the police@ ;
Ho* I didn1t li)e I$iveJ an! advice on such a di--icult (atter0
15 <e %anted IputJ (! cha(eleon on a tartan ru$ and I%atchJ it Ichan$eJ colour0
16 It is eas! IseeJ ani(als on the road in da!li$ht "ut so(eti(es at ni$ht it is ver!
di--icult IavoidJ IhitJ the(0
1# .he tire see(s I"eJ out0 ;
It can1t "e 8uite out0 I can hear the %ood Icrac)leJ0
1& I cau$ht hi( Icli("J over (! %all0 I as)ed hi( IeplainJ "ut he re-used Isa!J
an!thin$* so in the end I had IletJ hi( I$oJ0
1' :hen at last I succeeded in IconvinceJ hi( that I %anted I$etJ ho(e 8uic)l! he put
his -oot on the accelerator and I -elt the car IleapJ -or%ard0
+0 I1( not used to IdriveJ on the le-t0 -
:hen !ou see ever!one else IdoJ it !ou1ll -ind it 8uite eas! IdoJ !oursel-0
+1 It is pleasant IsitJ "! the -ire at ni$ht and IhearJ the %ind Iho%lJ outside0
++ .here %as no %a! o- I$etJ out o- the "uildin$ ecept "! Icli("J do%n a rope and Ann
%as too terri-ied IdoJ this0
+3 :e heard the en$ines IroarJ as the plane "e$an I(oveJ and %e sa% the people on the
$round I%aveJ $ood-"!e0
+4 It1s no $ood I%riteJ to hi(9 he never ans%ers letters0 .he onl! thin$ IdoJ is I$oJ and
IseeJ hi(0
+5 :h! did !ou $o all round the -ield instead o- I%al)J across it@ ;
I didn1t li)e IcrossJ it "ecause o- the "ull0 I never see a "ull %ithout Ithin)J that it
%ants IchaseJ (e0
+6 .he people in the -lat "elo% see( I"e havin$J a part!0 Aou can hear the cha(pa$ne
cor)s IthudJ a$ainst their ceilin$0
+# I don1t li)e I$etJ "ills "ut %hen I do $et the( I li)e Ipa!J the( pro(ptl!0
+& As) hi( Ico(eJ in0 ?on1t )eep hi( IstandJ at the door0
+' .he "o!s net door used Ili)eJ I(a)eJ and I-l!J (odel aeroplanes* "ut the! see( to
have stopped IdoJ that no%0
30 I )ne% I %asn1t the -irst IarriveJ* -or I sa% s(o)e IriseJ -ro( the chi(ne!0
31 :e %atched the (en Isa%J the tree and as %e %ere %al)in$ a%a! heard it I-allJ %ith a
tre(endous crash0
3+ I hate IseeJ a child Icr!J0
33 :e %atched the children Iju(pJ -ro( a %indo% and I-allJ into a "lan)et held "! the
people "elo%0
34 It is ver! unpleasant I%a)eJ up and IhearJ the rain I"eatJ on the %indo%s0
35 <e sa% the lorr! I"e$inJ IrollJ -or%ards "ut he %as too -ar a%a! IdoJ an!thin$ IstopJ
it0
36 .here are people %ho can1t help Ilau$hJ %hen the! see so(eone IslipJ on a "anana
s)in0
5sing participles to join sentences
PEG +#6-'
''
Eoin each o- the -ollo%in$ pairs o- sentences* usin$ either a present participle e0$0
knowing, a past participle e0$0 known, or a per-ect participle e0$0 ha*ing known. Hu("ers
1#* +&* 33* and 36 contain three sentences each0 3o("ine these in the sa(e %a!0
<e $ot o-- his horse0 <e "e$an searchin$ -or so(ethin$ on the $round0
2etting off his horse, he $egan sear#hing . . :
I had seen photo$raphs o- the place0 I had no desire to $o there0
-a*ing seen photographs of the pla#e, I had no desire . . .
.he spea)er re-used to continue0 <e %as in-uriated "! the interruptions0
Infuriated $y the interruptions, the speaker refused. . .
.hese participle constructions are (ore co((on in %ritten En$lish0
1 I )ne% that he %as poor0 I o--ered to pa! his -are0
+ :e "arricaded the %indo%s0 :e asse("led in the hall0
3 2he "eca(e tired o- (! co(plaints a"out the pro$ra((e0 2he turned it o--0
4 <e -ound no one at ho(e0 <e le-t the house in a "ad te(per0
5 2he hoped to -ind the %ill0 2he searched ever!%here0
6 .he cri(inal re(oved all traces o- his cri(e0 <e le-t the "uildin$0
# <e realiFed that he had (issed the last train0 <e "e$an to %al)0
& <e %as ehausted "! his %or)0 <e thre% hi(sel- on his "ed0
' <e had spent all his (one!0 <e decided to $o ho(e and as) his -ather -or a jo"0
10 <e escaped -ro( prison0 <e loo)ed -or a place %here he could $et -ood0
11 2he didn1t %ant to hear the stor! a$ain0 2he had heard it all "e-ore
1+ .he! -ound the (one!0 .he! "e$an 8uarrellin$ a"out ho% to divide it0
13 2he entered the roo( suddenl!0 2he -ound the( s(o)in$0
14 I turned on the li$ht0 I %as astonished at %hat I sa%0
15 :e visited the (useu(0 :e decided to have lunch in the par)0
16 <e o--ered to sho% us the %a! ho(e0 <e thou$ht %e %ere lost0
1# <e -ound his revolver0 <e loaded it0 <e sat do%n -acin$ the door0
1& 2he as)ed (e to help her0 2he realiFed that she couldn1t (ove it alone0
1' <e -ed the do$0 <e sat do%n to his o%n dinner0
+0 <e addressed the con$re$ation0 <e said he %as sorr! to see ho% -e% o- the( had "een
a"le to co(e0
+1 <e thou$ht he (ust have (ade a (ista)e so(e%here0 <e %ent throu$h his
calculations a$ain0
++ I have loo)ed throu$h the -ashion (a$aFines0 I realiFe that (! clothes are hopelessl!
out o- date0
+3 .he tree had -allen across the road0 It had "een uprooted "! the $ale0
+4 People %ere sleepin$ in the net roo(0 .he! %ere %a)ened "! the sound o- "rea)in$
$lass0
+5 I )ne% that the (urderer %as still at lar$e0 I %as etre(el! reluctant to open the door0
+6 <e stole the silver0 <e loo)ed -or a place to hide it0
+# :e %ere soa)ed to the s)in0 :e eventuall! reached the station0
+& I sat in the -ront ro%0 I used opera $lasses0 I sa% ever!thin$ "eauti-ull!0
+' Gne evenin$ !ou %ill "e sittin$ "! the -ire0 Aou %ill re(e("er this da!0
30 I didn1t li)e to sit do%n0 I )ne% that there %ere ants in the $rass0
31 2he "elieved that she could trust hi( a"solutel!0 2he $ave hi( a "lan) che8ue0
3+ 2lates %ere ripped o-- "! the $ale0 .he! -ell on people passin$ "elo%0
33 .he lion -ound his ca$e door open0 <e sa% no si$n o- his )eeper0 <e le-t the ca$e and
100
%al)ed slo%l! to%ards the Foo entrance0
34 .he $overn(ent once tried to ta people accordin$ to the siFe o- their houses0 .he!
put a ta on %indo%s0
35 I had heard that the caves %ere dan$erous0 I didn1t li)e to $o an! -urther %ithout a
li$ht0
36 2he %ore etre(el! -ashiona"le clothes0 2he %as surrounded "! photo$raphers and
press(en0 2he s%ept up to the (icrophone0
3isrelated participles
PEG +&0
A participle is considered to "elon$ to the noun or pronoun that i((ediatel! precedes it
I%hich usuall!* "ut not necessaril!* is the su"ject o- the (ain ver"J0
.he "o!* #lim$ing the tree to $et "irds1 e$$s* had a "ad -all0
I- there is no noun/pronoun in this position the participle is considered to "elon$ to the
su"ject o- the -ollo%in$ (ain ver":
7lim$ing the tree to $et "irds1 e$$s* the "o! had a "ad -all0
2o(eti(es this principle is disre$arded and con-usion results:
3li("in$ do%n the tree* one o- the e$$s bro#e.
.his %ord order (a)es it appear that the e$$ %as cli("in$* %hich is nonsense0
A participle lin)ed in this %a! to the %ron$ noun/pronoun is said to "e 1(isrelated10
.he sentence should "e re%ritten:
7lim$ing down the tree he $roke one of the eggs or
&s he was #lim$ing down the tree one of the eggs $roke.
Gther ea(ples o- this t!pe o- error are $iven "elo%0 3orrect the sentences0 2o(eti(es
onl! a chan$e o- order is re8uired0
1 :hen leavin$ a car in this car par) the "ra)es (ust "e le-t o--0
+ :adin$ across the river* the current s%ept (e o-- (! -eet0
3 :hen -illin$ a tan) %ith petrol na)ed li$hts should "e etin$uished0
4 Kunnin$ into the roo(* a ru$ cau$ht her -oot and she -ell0
5 Keadin$ the letter a second ti(e* the (eanin$ "eco(es clearer0
6 :hen carr!in$ a $un it should never "e pointed at an!one0
# :hen plantin$ these -lo%ers care (ust "e ta)en not to da(a$e the roots0
& Kidin$ in his -irst race* his horse -ell at the last ju(p0
' :hen pa!in$ "! che8ue* a "an) card should "e sho%n0
10 Nno%in$ (e to "e the -ool o- the -a(il!* the ne%s that I had %on a scholarship
astonished hi(0
11 Believin$ that his last hour had co(e* his hands "e$an to tre("le0
1+ Passin$ under a ladder* a pot o- paint -ell on (! head0
13 Keadin$ in "ed* (! hands o-ten $et ver! cold0
14 =eavin$ the cine(a* it see(ed to hi( that the -il( had "een eceptionall! "ad0
15 Bar)in$ -uriousl!* I led the do$ out o- the roo(0
16 <avin$ paid (! taes* the a(ount le-t in the "an) is hardl! %orth (entionin$0
1# :ritin$ (! na(e in the hotel re$ister* a -a(iliar voice attracted (! attention0
1& .ied to a post* the sea %as tossin$ the "oat up and do%n0
1' 4isunderstandin$ the 8uestion* the %ron$ ans%er %as sent in0
+0 2hinin$ in the s)!* %e sa% the -irst star0
101
+1 :hen drivin$ carelessl! it is eas! to have an accident0
++ Pinned to the door "! a )ni-e* the (an sa% a notice0
+3 :ritten in lar$e letters the! read the %ords 1Ho Entr!10
+4 :hile cleanin$ his $un it %ent o-- unepectedl!0
+5 :onderin$ %here to $o0 an advertise(ent cau$ht (! e!e0
+6 Kushin$ out o- Ihe house* a lorr! )noc)ed (e over0
+# 2ittin$ "! the -ire* it all co(es "ac) to (e0
+& 5lailin$ -ro( such a hei$ht* %e thou$ht he %ould never survive0
+' :hen chan$in$ a -use the electricit! should -irst "e s%itched o--0
30 .o%ed "ehind the car* I sa% a trailer %ith a "oat on it0
") :hile sittin$ at the -oot o- a cli-- a stone -ell on hi(0
3+ ?rivin$ to %or)* the tra--ic ja(s in-uriated hi(0
33 ?ropped "! parachute* the countr! see(ed entirel! un-a(iliar0
34 2ittin$ in the dentist1s chair* an idea suddenl! occurred to (e0
35 :ea)ened "! his last illness* I -elt sure that another %inter in this countr! %ould )ill
hi(0
36 Gettin$ out o- "ed* a scorpion "it hi(0
Passive
Active to passive
PE% 3'2-0
Put the -ollo%in$ into the passive voice0 .he a$ent should not "e (entioned ecept in
nu("ers II and +&0
1 Aou should open the %ine a"out three hours "e-ore !ou use it0
+ Previous cli("ers had cut steps in the ice0
3 2o(e"od! had cleaned (! shoes and "rushed (! suit0
4 :e use this roo( onl! on special occasions0
5 Aou (ust not ha((er nails into the %alls %ithout per(ission0
6 In so(e districts -ar(ers use pi$s to -ind tru--les0
# 2o(eone s%itched on a li$ht and opened the door0
& 2o(e"od! had slashed the picture %ith a )ni-e0
' .he! are pullin$ do%n the old theatre0
10 :h! didn1t the! (end the roo- "e-ore it -ell in@
11 .he (o" "ro)e all the shop %indo%s in recent riots0
1+ .he li"rarian said that the! %ere startin$ a ne% s!ste( "ecause people %ere not
returnin$ "oo)s0
13 .he police as)ed each o- us a"out his (ove(ents on the ni$ht o- the cri(e0
14 2o(eone %ill serve re-resh(ents0
15 People (ust not leave "ic!cles in the hall0
16 4e("ers (a! )eep "oo)s -or three %ee)s0 A-ter that the! (ust return the(0
1# .he "ur$lars had cut an enor(ous hole in the steel door0
1& I1ve "ou$ht a harp0 .he! are deliverin$ it this a-ternoon0
(,o not #hange the first senten#e.)
1' 2o(eone has alread! told hi( to report -or dut! at si0
+0 .he! ran$ the church "ells as a -lood %arnin$0
+1 Ho one can do an!thin$ unless so(eone $ives us (ore in-or(ation0
10+
++ People are spendin$ -ar (ore (one! on -ood no% than the! spent ten !ears a$o0
+3 .he or$aniFers %ill ehi"it the paintin$s till the end o- the (onth0
+4 .he! %ill sa! nothin$ (ore a"out the (atter i- so(eone returns the stolen $un0
+5 It is hi$h ti(e so(eone told hi( to stop "ehavin$ li)e a child0
+6 A thie- stole (! do$ and "rou$ht hi( "ac) onl! %hen I o--ered D+0 re%ard -or hi(0
+# .he jud$e $ave hi( t%o %ee)s in %hich to pa! the -ine0
+& .he! (a)e these arti-icial -lo%ers o- sil)0
Active to passive
PEG 30+-6
Put the -ollo%in$ into the passive* (entionin$ the a$ent %here necessar!0
:here there is an indirect and a direct o"ject* (a)e the indirect o"ject the su"ject o- the
passive ver"0
.he! $ave her a cloc)0
5he was gi*en a #lo#k.
.he $erund a-ter certain ver"s is replaced in the passive "! should be / past participle:
.he! advised e(plo!in$ part-ti(e %or)ers0
(hey ad*ised that part9time workers should $e employed.
1 .he! -eed the seals at the Foo t%ice a da!0
+ :ho %rote it@
3 3o(pare clothes %hich %e have %ashed %ith clothes %hich an! other laundr! has
%ashed0
4 <e epected us to o--er hi( the jo"0
5 .he! sho%ed her the easiest %a! to do it0
6 =i$htnin$ struc) the old oa)0
# .itian couldn1t have painted it as people didn1t %ear that st!le o- dress till a-ter his
death0
& A jell!-ish stun$ her0
' .he author has %ritten a special edition -or children0
10 Eud$es used to carr! s%eet her"s as a protection a$ainst jail--ever0
11 :hat did he %rite it %ith@ ;
<e %rote it %ith a (atchstic) dipped in "lood0
1+ An uneas! silence succeeded the shot0
13 ?id the idea interest !ou@
14 .he la%!er $ave hi( the details o- his uncle1s %ill0
15 Beavers (a)e these da(s0
16 .he! used to start these en$ines "! hand0 Ho% the! start the( "! electricit!0
1# 4ost people opposed this0
1& 2tudents are doin$ a lot o- the %or)0
1' .he Pri(e 4inister %as to have opened the dr! doc)0
+0 .he! reco((ended openin$ ne% -actories in the depressed area0
()se should0J
+1 .he closure o- the %or)shops %ill (a)e a lot o- (en redundant0
++ An!one %ith the s(allest intelli$ence could understand these instructions0
+3 :e %ill not ad(it children under siteen0
+4 Bo!s o- siteen to ei$hteen are to (an this trainin$ ship0
103
+5 A rainstor( -looded the $!psies1 ca(p0
+6 .he ho%lin$ o- %olves )ept hi( a%a)e all ni$ht0
+# .he! su$$ested (a)in$ the tests easier0 ()se should0J
+& 3hildren couldn1t have done all this da(a$e0
Passive to active
PEG 30+-6
.urn the -ollo%in$ sentences into the active voice0 :here no a$ent is (entioned one
(ust "e supplied0
2chool notice: .his door (ust "e )ept shut0
5tudents must keep this door shut.
1 :h! don1t !ou have !our e!es tested@ I000 $et an optician to 0 0 0 5ee 119.)
+ .his speed li(it is to "e introduced $raduall!0
3 .he run%a!s are "ein$ len$thened at all the (ain airports0
4 It is no% 6 a0(0 and at (ost o- the hospitals in the countr! patients are "ein$ %a)ened
%ith cups o- tea0
5 B!ron is said to have lived on vine$ar and potatoes0
6 B! tradition* an! stur$eon that are cau$ht "! British ships (ust "e o--ered to the
,ueen0
# .his notice has "een altered0
& .he o%ners %ent a%a! last 4arch and since then their house"oat has "een used
continuousl! "! s8uatters0 ()se a #ontinuous tense and omit continuousl!0J
' .he da(a$ed ship %as "ein$ to%ed into har"our %hen the to%line "ro)e0
10 <ave a li-t put in and then !ou %on1t have to cli(" up all these stairs0
11 =ast !ear a pro-it o- t%o (illion pounds %as (ade in the -irst si (onths "ut this %as
cancelled "! a loss o- seventeen (illion pounds %hich %as (ade in the second si
(onths0
1+ Evenin$ dress %ill "e %orn0
13 .he ship %as put into 8uarantine and passen$ers and cre% %ere -or"idden to land0
14 2o(eone %ill have to "e -ound to ta)e her place0
15 <e %as (ade to surrender his passport0
16 .his ru(our (ust have "een started "! our opponents0
1# 4! paintin$s are to "e ehi"ited -or the -irst ti(e "! He% Arts Galler!0
1& .his scienti-ic theor! has no% "een proved to "e -alse0
1' .he car %hich %as "lo%n over the cli-- !esterda! is to "e salva$ed toda!0
+0 .he house %here the dead (an %as -ound is "ein$ $uarded "! the police to prevent it
-ro( "ein$ entered and the evidence inter-ered %ith0
+1 :h! %asn1t the car either loc)ed or put into the $ara$e@
++ It is "ein$ said that too little (one! is "ein$ spent "! the $overn(ent on roads0
+3 Aour (one! could "e put to $ood use instead o- "ein$ le-t idle in the "an)0
+4 5or a lon$ ti(e the earth %as "elieved to "e -lat0
+5 .his cop! hasn1t "een read0 .he pa$es haven1t "een cut0
+6 .he stones %ere thro%n "! a student* %ho %as a-ter%ards led a%a! "! the police0
+# 3arrier pi$eons are said to have "een used "! earl! E$!ptian and Gree) sailors0
+& .he re-eree %as "ein$ escorted -ro( the -oot"all -ield "! a stron$ police $uard0
104
2ndirect speech
2ndirect speech: state!ents
PEG 30#-&*313
1 2tudents are as)ed to assu(e that these sentences are spo)en and reported on di--erent
da!s0 .his %ill (ean that a sentence such as:
<e said* 1 a( co(in$ tomorrow," %ill "eco(e: <e said that he %as co(in$ the ne/t day,
and so on0
.his applies to all the eercises on indirect speech in this "oo)0
+ :ith indirect speech* %hen the person addressed is (entioned* tell is (ore usual than
say to as an introductor! ver"0 5or ea(ple:
-e told me that he %as $oin$ a%a! the net da! is (ore usual than
-e said to me that he %as $oin$ a%a! the net da!0
Put the -ollo%in$ into indirect speech0
1 1 have so(ethin$ to sho% !ou*1 I said to her0
+ 1Hothin$ $ro%s in (! $arden0 It never $ets an! sun*1 she said0
3 I1( $oin$ a%a! to(orro%* (other*1 he said0
4 I1ve "een in =ondon -or a (onth "ut so -ar I haven1t had ti(e to visit the .o%er*1 said
Kupert0
5 It isn1t so -o$$! toda! as it %as !esterda!*1 I re(ar)ed0
6 1.he ne% underpass is "ein$ o--iciall! opened the da! a-ter to(orro%* 1said the BB3
announcer0
# 1:e have (oved into our ne% -lat0 :e don1t li)e it nearl! so (uch as our last one*1
said
(! aunt0
& 1:e have a li-t "ut ver! o-ten it doesn1t %or)*1 the! said0
' 15ro( one o- the %indo%s o- (! -lat I can see the Ei--el .o%er*1 he said0
10 I1ve no idea %hat the ti(e is "ut I1ll dial &0&1 and -ind out*1 said his dau$hter0
11 <e said* 14! %i-e has just "een (ade a jud$e01
1+ I1ll co(e %ith !ou as soon as I a( read!*1 she replied0
13 I have a Ger(an lesson this a-ternoon and I haven1t done (! ho(e%or) !et*1 said the
s(all "o!0
14 I- !ou let the iron $et too hot !ou %ill scorch !our clothes*1 I %arned her0
15 1Aou haven1t $iven (e 8uite enou$h0 .he "ill is -or D14 and !ou1ve paid (e onl! D13*1
he pointed out0
16 Ann said* 1En$lish(en (a)e $ood hus"ands "ecause the! are nearl! al%a!s %illin$ to
help in the house01
1# 4ar! ans%ered* I li)e (en to "e use-ul "ut I don1t li)e the( to "e too do(esticated0 I
pre-er the( to )eep out o- the )itchen alto$ether0 4en loo) sill! in aprons an!%a!01
1& 4otorin$ report: .he ne% Kolls Ko!ce runs so 8uietl! that all !ou can hear is the
tic)in$ o- the cloc)0
4ana$in$ director o- the Kolls Ko!ce co(pan!: In that case %e1ll have to do
so(ethin$ a"out the cloc)0
1' 1 don1t )no% %hat to do %ith all (! plu(s0 I suppose I1ll have to (a)e ja(0 .he
trou"le is that none o- us eats ja(*1 she said0
+0 1:e li)e %or)in$ on 2unda!s "ecause %e $et dou"le pa!*1 eplained the "uilders0
105
+1 <e said* I a( 8uite a $ood coo) and I do all (! o%n %ashin$ and (endin$ too01
++ 1Aou can )eep that one i- !ou li)e* Eoan*1 he said0 I1ve $ot plent! o- others01
+3 I1( $oin$ -ishin$ %ith (other this a-ternoon*1 said the s(all "o!* 1and %e are $oin$
into
the $arden no% to di$ -or %or(s01 IOmit no6+
+4 1Aou1ve $ot (! u("rella*1 I said crossl!0 1Aours is in !our "edroo(01
+5 I )no% eactl! %hat the! said*1 the private detective eplained to his client* 1"ecause I
"u$$ed their phone01
+6 I1ll sit up till she co(es in* "ut I hope she %on1t "e late*1 he said0
+# I- !ou $ive (e so(e %ire* I1ll han$ that picture -or !ou*1 said (! cousin0
+& I have a .ur)ish "ath occasionall!* "ut it doesn1t see( to (a)e an! di--erence to (!
%ei$ht0*1 she said0
+' .his is 8uite a $ood (odel* (ada(0 I use one o- these (!sel-*1 said the sales(an0
30 14! ne% house is supposed to "e haunted* "ut so -ar I haven1t seen an! $hosts*1 she
said0
31 .he advertise(ent said* I- !ou ans%er the 8uestions correctl! !ou (a! %in D10001
3+ I- I press (! ear a$ainst the %all* I can hear %hat the people in the net -lat are
sa!in$*1
he said0
2ndirect speech: state!ents
PEG 30'-10
2o(e tenses/-or(s do not chan$e %hen direct speech "eco(es indirect:
1I %ish (! children %ould eat ve$eta"les*1 she said0
he (said she) wished her !hildren would eat ve"etables.
Put the -ollo%in$ into indirect speech* "ein$ care-ul to avoid a("i$uit!:
1 I couldn1t $et into the house "ecause I had lost (! )e!* so I had to "rea) a %indo%*1
he
said0
+ 1.he (irror is there so that !ou can see !oursel- %hen !ou are dancin$*1 the
instructress
told hi(0
3 I %rote to hi( the da! "e-ore !esterda!0 I %onder %h! he hasn1t run$ up*1 she said0
4 I- the $round is dr! on the da! o- the race* (! horse (i$ht %in*1 said the o%ner0
5 1Aou1d "etter slo% do%n0 .here1s a speed li(it here*1 she said to (e0 ()se advise0J
6 I- .o( %ants seats* he1d "etter appl! earl!*1 she said0
# 1:e %al)ed 50 (iles last ni$ht to see the 4inister and protest a"out our rents "ein$
raised0 <e %as ver! polite and pro(ised to do %hat he could -or us*1 said one o- the
tenants0
& 1.he! should put tra--ic li$hts here* other%ise there111 "e (ore accidents*1 she said0
' It1s ti(e %e "e$an trainin$ -or our net (atch*1 the coach said to the(0
10 I- !ou leave ho(e at si* !ou should "e here "! nine*1 he said to (e0
11 I- it rains this a-ternoon it %ill "e too %et to pla! the (atch to(orro%*1 the captain
said0
1+ I (eant to plu$ in the electric "lan)et "ut I plu$$ed in the electric )ettle "! (ista)e0
I1( al%a!s doin$ sill! thin$s li)e that*1 she told her $uest0
106
13 I %as intendin$ to do it to(orro%*1 he said* 1"ut no% I don1t thin) I1ll "e a"le to01
14 1Bill should do ver! %ell at the universit!* 4rs 2(ith*1 said the head(aster0 1<e1s done
ver! %ell here01
15 I don1t thin) !our -ather li)es (e*1 said the !oun$ %i-e0
1Aou (ustn1t thin) that*1 said her hus"and9 1it is just that he is old and -inds it hard to
$et used to ne% people01 (4ea*e (ustn1t un#hanged. )
16 1.he stea) is overdone a$ain0 I1( not co(plainin$9 I1( just pointin$ it out*1 said her
hus"and0
1I %ish !ou1d stop pointin$ thin$s out*1 said his %i-e0
1# 1.he! couldn1t open the sa-e on the spot so the! carried it a%a! %ith the(*1 the ni$ht
%atch(an reported0
1& I- !ou sa% (! -ather* !ou1d reco$niFe hi( at once0 <e is the (ost etraordinar!-
loo)in$ (an*1 she said to (e0
1' I -ound an old Ko(an coin in the $arden !esterda!*1 he said* 1and I1( $oin$ to ta)e it
to the (useu( this a-ternoon01
+0 <e said* I $ot out o- (! "oat* leavin$ the en$ine runnin$* "ut %hile I %as standin$ on
the 8ua! the $ears suddenl! en$a$ed the(selves and the "oat %ent strai$ht out o- the
har"our %ith no one on "oard01
+1 .hen 4ac"eth enters and sa!s* I have done the deed01
++ 1:ould !ou li)e (e to $o %ith !ou@1 I said0
I1d rather $o alone*1 he ans%ered0
+3 4! "rother said* 1Aou (a! ta)e (! car i- !ou li)e0 I shan1t "e needin$ it to(orro% or
the da! a-ter0 1
+4 1Aesterda! .o( and I %ent to loo) at a house that he %as thin)in$ o- "u!in$0 It %as
rather a nice house and had a lovel! $arden "ut .o( decided a$ainst it "ecause it %as
opposite a ce(eter!*1 said 3elia0
+5 <e said* 14! %i-e %ants to ta)e a jo" "ut I1d rather she concentrated on our ho(e01
+6 I don1t )no% %hat !our -ather %ill sa! %hen he sees %hat a (ess !our puppies have
(ade o- this -ive-pound note*1 said (! (other0
+# It1s hi$h ti(e !ou passed !our test9 I1( tired o- drivin$ round %ith an =-plate on the
-ront o- the car*1 (! sister said0
+& I %ish !ou1d seen it*1 I said to her0
2ndirect speech: 7uestions
PEG 31#
Put the -ollo%in$ into indirect speech0 .he -irst ten 8uestions re8uire no chan$e o- order:
<e said* 1:hat is happenin$@1
-e asked what was happening.
1 1:hat happened to 4r Budd@1 said one o- the (en0
+ 1:hich o- his sons inherited his estate@1 as)ed another0
3 1:ho is $oin$ to live in the "i$ house@1 en8uired a third0
4 1:hat %ill happen to his racehorses@1 as)ed so(eone else0
5 1:hich tea( has %on@1 as)ed Ann0
6 1:hich tea( %on the previous (atch@1 said Bill0
10#
# 1:ho is pla!in$ net %ee)@1 he as)ed0
& 1:ho %ill "e u(pirin$ that (atch@1 as)ed .o(0
' 1:ho %ants a li-t ho(e@1 said Ann0
10 1:ho has just dropped a D10 note@1 I as)ed0
11 1:here is the tic)et o--ice@1 as)ed 4rs Eones0
1+ 1:hat shall I do %ith (! heav! lu$$a$e@1 she said0 ()se should0J
13 1:hat plat-or( does the train leave -ro(@1 as)ed Bill0
14 1:hen does it arrive in Aor)@1 he as)ed0
15 1:hen %as the ti(eta"le chan$ed@1 I as)ed0
16 1:h! has the +030 train "een cancelled@1 said Ann0
1# 1<o% (uch does a da! return to Bath cost@1 4rs Eones as)ed0
1& 1:h! does the price $o up so o-ten@1 she %ondered0
1' 1<o% can I $et -ro( the station to the airport@1 said Bill0
+0 1:hen are !ou co(in$ "ac)@1 I as)ed the(0
+1 Is a return tic)et cheaper than t%o sin$les@1 said (! aunt0
++ 1?o puppies travel -ree@1 as)ed a do$ o%ner0
+3 13an I "rin$ (! do$ into the co(part(ent %ith (e@1 she as)ed0
+4 1?oes this train stop at Aor)@1 as)ed Bill0
+5 13an !ou telephone -ro( inter-cit! trains@1 said the "usiness(an0
+6 1?oes the +040 have a restaurant car@1 he en8uired0
+# 13an !ou $et co--ee on the train@1 as)ed (! aunt0
+& 1?o the! "rin$ it round on a trolle!@1 she said0
+' 1Are there s(o)in$ co(part(ents@1 said the (an %ith the pipe0
30 1<ave !ou reserved a seat@1 I as)ed hi(0
Etra eercise: read the last t%ent! 8uestions* usin$ one o- the -ollo%in$ pre-aces:
I wonder/I'd li#e to #now/-o you #now+/.ave you any idea+//an you tell me+
&& '#o you $now where the ti!$et o%%i!e is?'
&2 8I wonder what I should do with my heavy lu""a"e.'
2ndirect speech: 7uestions
PE% 3&9
A ne% student* Paul* has co(e to the colle$e and the other students are as)in$ hi(
8uestions0 I(a$ine that he reports these 8uestions later to an En$lish -riend:
I %ill asked what #ountry I #ame from.
1 1:hat countr! do !ou co(e -ro(@1 said Bill0
+ 1<o% lon$ have !ou "een here@1 said Ann0
3 1Are !ou %or)in$ as %ell as stud!in$@1 as)ed Peter0
4 1<ave !ou $ot a %or) per(it@1 Bill %anted to )no%0
5 1:hat are !ou $oin$ to stud!@1 as)ed Ann0
6 1<ave !ou enrolled -or (ore than one class@1 said Peter0
# 1?o !ou %ant to "u! an! second-hand "oo)s@1 said Bill0
& 1<ave !ou seen the li"rar!@1 as)ed Ann0
' 1?o !ou pla! ru$"!@1 said Peter0
10 1:ill !ou have ti(e to pla! re$ularl!@1 he %ent on0
11 1?id !ou pla! -or !our school tea(@1 said Bill0
1+ 1Are !ou interested in actin$@1 as)ed Ann0
10&
13 1:ould !ou li)e to join our ?ra(a Group@1 she said0
14 1:hat do !ou thin) o- the canteen co--ee@1 as)ed Peter0
4ar! and .o(* %ith their son* Eohn* a$ed II* have recentl! co(e to this area0 4ar!
%ants to -ind a school -or Eohn and as)s her nei$h"our 4rs 2(ith a"out the local school0
IaJ =ater* 4rs 2(ith reports these 8uestions to her hus"and:
1Is it a (ied school@1
5he asked if it was a mi/ed s#hool.
I"J Alternativel!* suppl! suita"le ans%ers to 4ar!1s 8uestions and then i(a$ine that
4ar! reports the conversation Iher 8uestions and 4rs 2(ith1s ans%ersJ to her
hus"and .o(:
36 1:ere !our "o!s happ! there@1 ;
1Aes* the! %ere01
I as$ed i% her boys had been happy there and she said that they had.
15 1<o% lon$ has it "een a (ied school@1
16 1?o !ou li)e the head(aster@1
1# Is he a scientist or an arts $raduate@1
1& 1<o% (an! children are there in the school@1
1' 1<o% "i$ are the classes@1
+0 1Are the classes strea(ed@1
+1 1:hat is the acade(ic standard li)e@1
++ 13an parents visit the school at an! ti(e@1
+3 Is there a $ood art depart(ent@1
+4 1?o the! teach (usic@1
+5 1:hat instru(ents can the children learn@1
+6 Is there a school orchestra@1
+# 1?o the! act pla!s@1
+& 1:hat sort o- pla!s have the! done@1
+' 1:hat $a(es do the! pla!@1
30 1Are the pla!in$ -ields near the school@1
31 1Are the! tau$ht to s%i(@1
3+ 13an the children $et dinner at school@1
33 Is the -ood $ood@1
34 Is there a Parent-.eacher Association@1
35 1<o% o-ten does it (eet@1
36 1:ere !our o%n "o!s happ! at the school@1
2ndirect speech: 7uestions
PEG 31#
Put the -ollo%in$ into indirect speech0
1 1:h! are !ou loo)in$ throu$h the )e!hole@1 I said0
+ 1:ho put salt in (! co--ee@1 he as)ed0
10'
3 1:hich o- !ou )no%s ho% to (a)e Irish ste%@1 said the chie- coo)0
4 1:h! did !ou travel -irst class@1 I as)ed hi(0
5 1<o% can I run in hi$h-heeled shoes@1 she en8uired0
6 1:hat is !our ne% house li)e@1 I as)ed the(0
# <e said* 1:here a( I supposed to $o no%@1 (Omit no%0J
& 1:hose car did !ou "orro% last ni$ht@1 I said to hi(0
' 1:hat %as she %earin$ %hen !ou sa% her last@1 the police(an as)ed (e0
10 1:ho o%ns this revolver@1 said the detective0
11 1:here %ere !ou last ni$ht* 4r Eones@1 he said0
1+ 1:hat else did !ou see@1 I as)ed the "o!0
13 1<ave !ou done this sort o- %or) "e-ore@1 said his ne% e(plo!er0
14 13an !ou read the last line on the chart@1 the oculist as)ed her0
15 1?id the! understand %hat !ou said to the(@1 he as)ed (e0
16 1Are !ou "ein$ attended to* sir@1 said the shop assistant0
1# 1:ill !ou $o on stri)e %hen the others do@1 the shop ste%ard as)ed hi(0
1& 1?o !ou see %hat I see* 4ar!@1 said the !oun$ (an0
1' 1:ho le-t the "anana s)in on the -ront doorstep@1 said (! (other0
+0 1<ave !ou $one co(pletel! (ad@1 I as)ed0 1?o !ou %ant to "lo% us all up@1
+1 1:h! is !our house so -ull o- anti8ues@1 she as)ed0 1:as !our -ather a collector@1
++ 1Are !ou leavin$ toda! or to(orro% (ornin$@1 said his secretar!0
+3 1<o% -ar is it@1 I said* 1and ho% lon$ %ill it ta)e (e to $et there@1
+4 13ould I spea) to 4rs Pitt@1 said the caller0
I1( a-raid she1s out*1 said the au pair $irl0 13ould I ta)e a (essa$e@1
+5 1Are !ou sorr! -or %hat !ou did@1 the (other as)ed the little "o!0
+6 1Are !ou $oin$ to see hi( o-- at the station@1 I as)ed her0
+# 1:ould !ou (ind i- I loo)ed inside !our "a$* 4ada(@1 said the police(an0
+& I- so(eone -ell at !our -eet -oa(in$ at the (outh %ould !ou )no% %hat to do@1 said
the instructor in 5irst Aid0
+' 1:h! do !ou thin) it (a! "e dan$erous@1 he as)ed her0
30 1?o !ou )no% that the shoes !ou are %earin$ aren1t a pair@1 I as)ed hi(0
2ndirect speech: co!!ands, re7uests, advice expressed by object )
in$initive
PEG 3+0
Indirect co((ands* re8uests* etc0 are nor(all! epressed "! tell* order* as#* beg*
advise* remind* warn* etc0* %ith the person addressed and the in-initive0 3han$e the
-ollo%in$ direct co((ands into indirect co((ands usin$ this construction0 Ke(e("er
that the
person addressed is o-ten not (entioned in a direct co((and:
<e said* 1Go a%a!1*
"ut (ust "e (entioned in an indirect co((and:
-e told me I (omusthem, et#. ) to go away.
1 12%itch o-- the .6*1 he said to her0
+ 12hut the door* .o(*1 she said0
3 1=end (e !our pen -or a (o(ent*1 I said to 4ar!0
4 1?on1t %atch late-ni$ht horror (ovies*1 I %arned the(0
110
5 1?on1t "elieve ever!thin$ !ou hear*1 he %arned (e0
6 1Please -ill up this -or(*1 the secretar! said0
# 1?on1t hurr!*1 I said0
& 1?on1t touch that s%itch* 4ar!*1 I said0
' 1Gpen the sa-eC1 the raiders ordered the "an) cler)0
10 1Please do as I sa!*1 he "e$$ed (e0
11 1<elp !our (other* Peter*1 4r Pitt said0
1+ 1?on1t (a)e too (uch noise* children*1 he said0
13 1?o %hatever !ou li)e*1 she said to us0
14 1?on1t (iss !our train*1 she %arned the(0
15 1Kead it "e-ore !ou si$n it*1 he said to his client0
16 1?o sin$ it a$ain*1 he said0
1# 1?on1t put !our hands near the "ars*1 the Foo )eeper %arned us0
1& 1Bu! a ne% car*1 I advised hi(0
1' 1?on1t drive too -ast*1 she "e$$ed hi(0
+0 1?on1t lean !our "ic!cles a$ainst (! %indo%s* "o!s*1 said the shop)eeper0
+1 13o(e to the cine(a %ith (e*1 he as)ed her0
++ 13oo) it in "utter*1 I advised her0
+3 1?on1t touch the $ates* (ada(*1 said the li-t operator0
+4 1?on1t ar$ue %ith (e*1 the teacher said to the "o!0
+5 1Pull as hard as !ou can*1 he said to hi(0
+6 12end -or the 5ire Bri$ade*1 the (ana$er said to the porter0
+# 1?on1t lend her an!thin$*1 he advised us0
+& 14a)e a list o- %hat !ou %ant*1 she told us0
+' 1=oo) at the paper*1 he said to her0
30 12tand clear o- the doors*1 a voice %arned the people on the plat-or(0
31 12ee i- !ou can -ind an! (ushroo(s* children*1 she said0
3+ 1?on1t $o alone*1 I %arned her0
33 1Pa! at the cash des)* 1the shop assistant said to the custo(er0
34 .he notice said* 1=eave this space clear01
35 1Ke(e("er to %rite to !our (other* 1I said to the(0
36 1.hin) %ell "e-ore !ou ans%er*1 the detective %arned her0
2ndirect speech: co!!ands, re7uests, advice
PE% 32'
2ee note to '00
Put the -ollo%in$ into indirect speech0 In (ost cases the person addressed (ust "e
supplied0
1 <e said* 1Get out o- (! %a!01
+ 13li(" in throu$h the %indo%*1 he ordered0
3 1Please pa! at the des)*1 said the assistant0
4 1Gpen !our "a$* please*1 said the store detective0
111
5 1?on1t %orr! a"out an!thin$* 4rs Pitt*1 said her solicitor0 1=eave it all to (e01
6 1?on1t use "ent coins in a slot (achine*1 I %arned hi(0
# 15ollo% that car*1 the detective said to the tai-driver0
& 1:ash it in lu)e%ar( %ater*1 reco((ended the assistant0
' 1<ave con-idence in (e*1 ur$ed the doctor0
10 1.a)e (e up to the 33rd -loor*1 he said to the li-t(an0
11 1Kead the notice a"out li-e-savin$ e8uip(ent*1 advised the air-hostess0
1+ 1Al%a!s coo) %ith "utter*1 said her (other* 1never use (ar$arine01
13 1?on1t ar$ue %ith !our -ather*1 I said0
14 1Ke(e("er to prune the roses*1 said (! aunt0
15 1:ait -or (e at the "rid$e*1 said the !oun$ (an0
16 1?on1t eat too (uch starch*1 I advised her* 1and avoid -ried -ood01
1# 1?on1t sa! an!thin$ to (a)e her an$r!*1 said (! -ather0
1& Hotice: Please do not as) at the des) -or chan$e -or telephone calls0
1' 1?on1t -or$et to -eed the $old-ish*1 4ar! said to her "rother0
+0 13ross the line "! the -oot"rid$e*1 said the porter0
+1 1:rite to (e as o-ten as !ou can*1 said his %i-e0
++ 1Put !our pistol on the ta"le*1 said the croo)0
+3 1Please "oo) (e a seat in a non-s(o)er*1 said the traveller0
+4 1?on1t -or$et !our sand%iches*1 said his (other0
+5 1?on1t $o near the %ater* children*1 she said0
+6 12earch the house*1 said the police ser$eant0
+# 1?on1t (a)e (ountains out o- (olehills*1 he said0
+& 1Put do%n that $un0 It1s loaded*1 she %arned0
2ndirect speech: co!!ands, re7uests, advice
PEG 3+0
2ee note to '00
Put the -ollo%in$ into indirect speech* joinin$ the sentences to$ether %ith as* and, but
or for.
1 14a)e $ood use o- !our ti(e0 Aou %on1t $et such an opportunit! a$ain*1 he said to us0
+ 1?on1t %ait till to(orro%*1 said the advertise(ent* 1post the coupon at once01
3 1Be ver! care-ul crossin$ roads*1 she said* 1and re(e("er to drive on the ri$ht01
4 1 can1t open it0 Aou have a tr!* Peter*1 he said0
5 1Go and $et (e a paper* and co(e strai$ht "ac)*1 he said to (e0
6 12o(eone1s co(in$0 Get into the cup"oard*1 she said0
# 1Give %a! to tra--ic approachin$ -ro( !our ri$ht*1 the road si$n %arned us0
& 1Please* please send %hatever !ou can spare*1 said the secretar! o- the disaster -und0
' 1:ear a %i$ i- !ou don1t %ant to "e reco$niFed*1 I advised hi(0
10 1?on1t "athe %hen the red -la$ is -l!in$*1 said the li-e$uard0
11 1?on1t -or$et to than) 4rs Eones %hen !ou are sa!in$ $ood"!e to her*1 said his (other0
1+ 1:atch the (il) and don1t let it "oil over*1 he said0
13 1?on1t shelter under a tree in a thunderstor(*1 he said0 .he tree (i$ht "e struc) "!
li$htnin$01
14 1Put the (essa$e into a "ottle and thro% it into the sea*1 he said0
15 1Kead it -or !oursel- i- !ou don1t "elieve %hat I sa!*1 he told (e0
11+
16 1?on1t -or$et to use !our indicators*1 said the drivin$ instructor0
1# 1?on1t drive too -ast or the "a"! 11 "e sic)*1 she said to her hus"and0
1& 1?o (a)e the co--ee a "it stron$er*1 I "e$$ed0 It %as terri"l! %ea) last ni$ht01
1' 1Be%are o- pic)poc)ets*1 said a hu$e notice0
+0 12(ell this0 ?o !ou thin) it has $one "ad@1 she said0
+1 1?on1t ta)e !our coat o--0 :e are $oin$ out a$ain in a (o(ent* she told hi(0
++ 12tand "! the %indo% and tell (e i- an!one $oes into the house opposite*1 he said0
+3 1?on1t (ove till the police(an %aves !ou on*1 said the drivin$ instructor0
+4 1?on1t touch it0 Aou %ill onl! (a)e it %orse* 1he told (e0
+5 1Be care-ul9 the steps are ver! slipper!*1 I %arned hi(0
+6 1As) !our "oss to rin$ (e "ac)*1 I said0 14! nu("er is 1+3456#01
13ould !ou repeat that* please@1 said the $irl0
+# 1?on1t %or) too -ast*1 said the -ore(an0 I- %e -inish "e-ore si %e shan1t $et an!
overti(e01
+& 1Prepare to (eet !our doo(0 .he end o- the %orld is at hand*1 said the placard0
+' 1Ke(e("er to put the "ra)e on*1 the instructor said0
30 1:ould !ou please ta)e o-- !our shoes@1 Nei)o said to hi(0
2ndirect speech: co!!ands, re7uests, invitations, o$$ers, advice
PEG +&4-#* 31&-+0
Put the -ollo%in$ into indirect speech usin$ as#, advise, invite, offer, remind, tell,
warn.
1 1:ould !ou li)e to have lunch %ith (e on 2unda!@1 he said to (e0
+ 1:ould !ou li)e a ci$arette@1 said one o- the $uests0
3 1:ould !ou (ind not s(o)in$ "et%een courses@1 said their hostess0
4 .a)e these letters to the post* %ill !ou@ And shut the door as !ou out*1 said the "oss0
5 1:ill !ou help (e* please@1 she said0 1 can1t reach the top shel-01
6 1.his is a horri"le roo(0 :h! don1t !ou as) -or so(ethin$ "etter@1 he said0
# I- I %ere !ou I1d tr! to $et a roo( on the top -loor*1 he said0
& I1ll %ait -or !ou i- !ou li)e*1 she said0
' 1Ke(e("er to s%itch o-- %hen !ou1ve -inished*1 he said0
10 1Aou (i$ht chec) these -i$ures -or (e*1 he said0
11 1Aou1d "etter apolo$iFe -or "ein$ late*1 said (! (other0
1+ 13ould !ou chec) the oil* please@1 I as)ed the (echanic0
13 1 %ish !ou1d sit stillC1 said the artist0 1<o% do !ou epect (e to paint !ou %hen !ou
)eep jer)in$ !our head@1
14 1:h! don1t !ou $o "! train@ It1s (uch less tirin$ than drivin$*1 I said0
15 <otel notice:-:ill $uests please not pla! radios loudl! a-ter (idni$ht@
16 1:ould !ou li)e to %ait here@1 said the receptionist* sho%in$ (e into the %aitin$
roo(0
1# 1Aou (ust see this ehi"itionC1 said all (! -riends0
1& 1 should plant da--odils* i- I %ere !ou*1 I said to the(0
1' I- !ou1d just si$n the "ac) o- the che8ue*1 said the "an) cler)0
+0 I1d "e ver! $rate-ul i- !ou1d -or%ard (! letters %hile I a( a%a!*1 he said0
+1 Police announce(ent: :ill an!one %ho sa% this accident please $et in touch %ith
their nearest police station@
113
++ 1?on1t leave !our roo( at ni$ht*1 he said0 1Gur host1s do$s (i$ht (ista)e !ou -or a
"ur$lar01
+3 1Ans%er this letter -or (e* %ill !ou@1 he said0 1And re(e("er to )eep a cop!01
+4 1:ould !ou (ind (ovin$ !our car@1 he said0 It1s "loc)in$ (! $ate01
+5 Iin a letterJ 1Perhaps !ou1d let (e )no% %hen !our ne% stoc) co(es in01 (:rs Bones000J
+6 Hotice on "oard: .he -irst tea( %ill report to the $!(nasiu( -or %ei$ht-trainin$0
((he #oa#h000J
+# 13ould !ou se% on this "utton -or (e@1 .o( as)ed Ann0
1Aou1d "etter se% it on !oursel-*1 said 4ar!0 1Buttons se%n on "! Ann usuall! co(e
o-- the net da!01
+& I- !ou %ill )indl! sit do%n the -ortune-teller %ill "e %ith !ou in a (o(ent*1 the $irl
said0
2ndirect speech: 7uestions, re7uests, invitations, o$$ers, advice
PEG +&4-#* 31&-+0* 3+3
Ke(e("er that &hy don't you+ can "e an ordinar! 8uestion or advice/su$$estion0
.reat it here as advice0
Put the -ollo%in$ into indirect speech0
1 13ould !ou $et there and "ac) in one da!@1 I as)ed0 (I asked if he . . .)
+ 1 can1t open this tin*1 said Ann0 12hall I do it -or !ou@1 said .o(0
3 13ould !ou translate this -or (e* please@1 I as)ed the o--icial0
4 12hall %e ever (eet a$ain@1 he %ondered0
5 1:ill !ou "e here to(orro%@1 she as)ed0 1Aes*1 I ans%ered0
6 13ould I lose -ive )ilos in a %ee)@1 said the -at %o(an0 1Ho*1 said the doctor0
# 1:ill !ou have a drin)@1 he said0
& 1:h! don1t !ou install $as central heatin$@1 said the advertise(ent0 (urge)
' 1:ill !ou read this ver! care-ull!* please@1 he said to (e0
10 12hall I tell hi( %hat happened@1 she as)ed (e0
11 1:ouldn1t !ou li)e to loo) ten !ears !oun$er@1 said the hairdresser0
1+ I1( $oin$ to Bri$hton to(orro%*1 said Ann0
12o a( I*1 said .o(0 1:ould !ou li)e a li-t@1 ((om said he was too and000J
13 13an I have a s%eet@1 said the s(all "o!0
14 13an %e sta! up till the end o- the pro$ra((e@1 said the children0
15 13ould I have the %ee)end o--@1 he as)ed his "oss0
16 13ould I leave earl! on 5rida!@1 he said0
1# 1:h! don1t !ou li)e pop (usic@1 the teena$ers as)ed hi(0
1& 1:h! don1t !ou ta)e up the o"oe a$ain@1 said (! -riends* (ad*ise)
1' 1:here shall I han$ (! ne% picture@1 he said0 1:ould it loo) %ell over the
(antelpiece@1
+0 1:hat shall I do i- the car %on1t start@1 I said0
+1 1<ave !ou $ot enou$h (one!@ 2hall I lend !ou so(e@1 said (! -riend0
++ 1:ill !ou "e a"le to $uide (e or shall I "rin$ a (ap@1 I as)ed0
+3 1Aou %on1t -or$et to shut the door* %ill !ou@1 she said0 (remind)
+4 1:ould !ou li)e to see over the house@1 I as)ed her0
+5 1:ould !ou li)e to peel the potatoes@1 said Ann* handin$ (e a )ni-e0
+6 I1ve $ot t%o tic)ets0 :ould !ou li)e to co(e %ith (e@1 he said0
114
+# 13an !ou use a %ord processor@1 he as)ed0 1Ho*1 I said0
+& 1:ould !ou (ind livin$ "! !oursel- -or si (onths@1 the! as)ed0
+' 1:ould !ou (ind pa!in$ cash@1 said (! landlad! %hen I too) out (! che8ue-"oo)0
30 1:h! don1t !ou trust hi(@1 I as)ed Ann0
1 never trust le-t-handed (en*1 she ans%ered0
2ndirect speech: co!!ands and 7uestions ith i$- clauses and ti!e
clauses
PEG ++'* 3+0-1
,uestions %ith i-- clauses and ti(e clauses should "e reported %ith the i-- clause or ti(e
clause last0
1:hen/I- I see hi(* %hat shall I sa!@1 she as)ed0
5he asked what she should say whenif she saw him.
3o((ands can "e reported "! tell / in-initive / if0 clause/ti(e clause.
But so(eti(es Ias in nos0 5 and 10 "elo%J this %ould produce a rather clu(s! sentence0
It is then advisa"le to use say/said that / if- clause/ti(e clause / be/should / in-initive:
1I- :hen !ou see hi(* as) hi( to rin$ (e*1 she said0
5he said that ifwhen I saw him I was to ask him to ring her.
was to epresses a de-inite co((and9 should i(plies advice0
Put the -ollo%in$ into indirect speech0
1 <e said* 1:hen !ou are at the "utcher1s re(e("er to $et a "one -or the do$01
+ 2he said* I- !ou -eel -aint sit do%n and put !our head "et%een !our )nees01
3 I- I -ind !our purse %hat shall I do %ith it@1 he said0
1Neep it till !ou see (e a$ain*1 I replied0
4 2he said* I- he arrives "e-ore I $et "ac) $ive hi( so(ethin$ to drin)01
5 I- an!one rin$s up*1 she said* 1sa! that I1ll "e "ac) shortl!01
6 1:hen !ou are drivin$ al%a!s loo) in !our drivin$ (irror "e-ore turnin$ ri$ht*1 said (!
instructor0
# 1=eave the )e! under the (at i- !ou $o out*1 she said0
& I- !ou thin) the roo( is cold shut the %indo%s*1 said (! aunt0
' I- !ou -eel lonel! an! ti(e rin$ (e up*1 he said0
10 I- she doesn1t eat (eat* o--er her an o(elette*1 he said0
11 1Get the car o-- the road on to the ver$e i- !ou have a puncture0
?on1t leave it on the road*1 said (! -ather0
1+ I- I a( not "ac) "! this ti(e to(orro%* ta)e this letter to the police*1 he said0
13 1:hen !ou see 4rs Pitt don1t -or$et to than) her*1 she said to her hus"and0
14 1:hen the "ell rin$s ta)e the (eat out o- the oven*1 (! sister said0
15 I- !ou are ta)en prisoner*1 said the o--icer* 1$ive !our na(e* ran) and nu("er "ut
re-use to ans%er an! other 8uestions01
16 1:hen !ou hear the -ire alar(* shut all %indo%s and $o do%nstairs as 8uic)l! as
possi"le*1 said the school(aster0
1# I- the li-t should stop "et%een t%o -loors press the e(er$enc! "utton*1 he said0
1& 1Be-ore !ou allo% an!one to use the .ur)ish "ath re(e("er to as) hi( i- he has a
%ea) heart*1 said the senior attendant0
1' I- the police stop (e* %hat shall I sa!@1 she as)ed0
115
+0 1:hat shall I do i- he re-uses to let (e in@1 she said0
1:rite a note and push it under the door*1 I said0
+1 1:hat %ill happen i- the stri)e continues@1 he said0
++ I- it $oes on sno%in$* ho%1ll %e $et -ood@1 %ondered the house%ives0
+3 1:hen the rain stops* can %e $o out@1 said the children0
+4 1:hen !ou1ve co(pleted one section* $o on to the net*1 the teacher said0
+5 I- !ou don1t li)e the pro$ra((e* s%itch to another channel*1 I said I to her0
+6 I- I lose (! traveller1s che8ues* %ill the "an) repa! (e@1 I as)ed0
+# I- the noise $ets %orse* !ou1d "etter co(plain to the police*1 he said to (e0
+& 1As soon as !ou -ind a hotel* rin$ (e and $ive (e the address*1 he said0
2ndirect speech: suggestions
PEG +&' ?* 3++
Part I :rite the -ollo%in$ in indirect speech* in ordinar! narrative -or(0
Ann su$$ested havin$ a part! on the net 2aturda!0 4ar! a$reed and as)ed %ho the!
should invite0
Keport 1:h! don1t %e 000 @1 as a su$$estion and 1:h! don1t !ou 0 0 0@1
as su$$estion or advice0 Keport 1:h! not@1 in no0 ' as agreed.
1 Ann: :hat a"out havin$ a part! on 2aturda!@
+ 4ar!: Aes* let1s0 :ho shall %e invite@
3 Ann: =et1s not (a)e a list0 =et1s just invite ever!"od!0
4 4ar!: :e don1t %ant to do too (uch coo)in$* so %hat a"out (a)in$ it a %ine and
cheese part!@
5 Ann: 2uppose %e as) ever!"od! to "rin$ a "ottle@
6 4ar!: 2hall %e hire $lasses -ro( our local %ine shop@ :e haven1t (an! le-t0
# Ann: I- it1s %ar(* ho% a"out havin$ the part! in the $arden@
& 4ar!: :h! not have a "ar"ecue@
' Ann: :h! not@ :e could as) Paul to do the coo)in$0
10 4ar!: =ast ti(e %e had a "ar"ecue the nei$h"ours co(plained a"out the noise0 2hall
%e as) ever!one to spea) in %hispers@
11 Ann: 2uppose %e $o round to the nei$h"ours and apolo$iFe in advance this ti(e@
1+ 4ar!: :h! not invite the nei$h"ours@ .hen the noise %on1t (atter0
13 Ann: :hat a clever ideaC 2hall %e start rin$in$ ever!one up toni$ht@
14 4ar!: :hat a"out %or)in$ out ho% (uch it %ill cost -irst@
Part ! Put the -ollo%in$ into indirect speech0
15 1:hat a"out a round-the-%orld cruise@1 su$$ested 4rs 2(ith0
1:hat a"out rentin$ a caravan@ It1s all %e can a--ord*1 said her hus"and0
16 12uppose !ou co(plain* Ann@1 I said0 1.he "oss is (ore li)el! to listen to !ou than to
an! o- us01
1# 1Aou used to "e a $ood tennis pla!er*1 she re(inded hi(0 1:h! don1t !ou ta)e it up
a$ain@1
1& 12hall %e tal) there@ It1s not -ar*1 he said0 1Aes* let1s*1 I said0
1' 1:hat a"out joinin$ a %eavin$ class@1 Ann said to (e0 1.here1s one startin$ soon01
+0 1=et1s or$aniFe a sponsored c!cle race*1 said the children0
1:hat a"out a sponsored silence@1 said the teacher %ith a $rin0
116
+1 1:here shall %e (eet@1 I said0 1:hat a"out the hotel@1 said Bill0
++ 12uppose !ou rin$ hi(* Ann* and as) hi( %hat he thin)s o- the idea@1 I said0
+3 I1( doin$ (ost o- the %or)*1 I pointed out0 1:hat a"out $ivin$ (e a hand@1
+4 1=et1s leave the %ashin$-up till to(orro%*1 he su$$ested0 I hate %ashin$ up last thin$
at ni$ht01
+5 12uppose the children $o on an adventure holida! this su((er@1 su$$ested the -ather0
+6 1:h! don1t !ou as) the( %hat the!1d li)e to do@1 I said0
+# 12hall %e "e$in trainin$ -or the net =ondon 4arathon@1 said Bill0
1I1ve no intention o- runnin$ in (arathons*1 I said0 1:h! don1t !ou as) Paul@1
+& 1:h! don1t !ou put an advertise(ent in the local paper@1 the! su$$ested to (e0
2ndirect speech: !ixed types
PEG chapter 31 Inote especiall! 3+4J
Put the -ollo%in$ into indirect speech* avoidin$ as -ar as possi"le the ver"s sa!* as# and
tell and choosin$ instead -ro( the -ollo%in$:
accept, accuse, admit, advise, agree, apologi,e, assure, beg, call ILsu((onJ* call
I/noun/pronoun/nounJ* complain, congratulate, deny, exclaim, explain, give, hope,
insist, introduce, invite, offer, point out, promise, protest, refuse, remar#, remind,
suggest, than#, threaten, warn, wish.
1 <e said* 1?on1t %al) on the ice9 it isn1t sa-e01
+ 14iss Bro%n* this is 4iss :hite0 4iss :hite* 4iss Bro%n*1 he said0
3 1<ere are the car )e!s0 Aou1d "etter %ait in the car*1 he said to her0
4 1Please* please* don1t tell an!one*1 she said0
I %on1t* I pro(ise*1 I said0
5 1:ould !ou li)e (! torch@1 I said* holdin$ it out0
1Ho* than)s*1 he said0 I have one o- (! o%n01 0Omit than)sJ
6 .o(: I1ll pa!0
Ann: Gh no* !ou (ustn1tC
.o(: I insist on pa!in$C
# 13o(e in and loo) round0 .here1s no o"li$ation to "u!*1 said the shop)eeper0
& I- !ou don1t pa! the ranso(* %e1ll )ill the "o!*1 said the )idnappers0
' I %on1t ans%er an! 8uestions*1 said the arrested (an0
10 1<e epects a lot o- %or) -or ver! little (one!*1 co(plained one o- the t!pists0
1Aes* he does*1 a$reed the other0
11 I %ish it %ould rain*1 she said0
1+ 1Aou pressed the %ron$ "utton*1 said the (echanic0 1?on1t do it a$ain0 Aou (i$ht have
a nast! accident01
13 1Aour %ei$ht1s $one up a lotC1 I eclai(ed0
1I1( a-raid it has*1 she said sadl!0
14 1 hope !ou1ll have a $ood journe!*1 he said0 1?on1t -or$et to send a card %hen !ou
arrive01
15 1<urrahC I1ve passed the -irst ea(C1 he eclai(ed0
13on$ratulationsC1 I said* 1and $ood luc) %ith the second01
16 1All ri$ht* I1ll %ait a %ee)*1 she said0 (Omit all ri$htJ
1# 14an! happ! returns o- !our "irthda!C1 %e said0
1.han)s*1 said the "o!0
1& 1Aour door is the sha""iest in the street* 1said the nei$h"our0
11#
It is*1 I said0
1' 13i$arette@1-
1.han)s*1 I said0
+0 I1ll sell the .6 set i- !ou )eep 8uarrellin$ a"out the pro$ra((e*1 said their (other0
1Ho* don1t do thatC :e %on1t 8uarrel an! (ore*1 said the children0
+1 I1ll $ive !ou D500 to )eep !our (outh shut*1 he said to (e0
++ I1ll %ait -or !ou* I pro(ise*1 he said to (e0
+3 I1( sorr! I1( late*1 she said0 1.he "us "ro)e do%n01
+4 1Aou1ve "een lea)in$ in-or(ation to the PressC1 said his collea$ues0
1Ho* I haven1t*1 he said0 1=iarC1 said .o(0
+5 I1ll drop !ou -ro( the tea( i- !ou don1t train harder*1 said the captain0
+6 I- the "o!s do an!thin$ clever* !ou call the( !our sons*1 co(plained his %i-e0 1But i-
the! do an!thin$ stupid* !ou call the( (ine01
+# 1=et1s have a rest*1 said .o(0
1Aes* let1s*1 said Ann0
+& 17$hC .here1s a slu$ in (! lettuce0 :aiterC1 he cried0

2ndirect to direct speech
PEG 30#-++
Put the -ollo%in$ into direct speech* usin$ dialo$ue -or(:
.o(: 6ould you like to #ome for a dri*e tomorrow, &nn'
Ann: I"d lo*e to etc0
Tri" t% Strat$%r!
1 .o( invited Ann to co(e -or a drive the -ollo%in$ da!0
+ Ann accepted %ith pleasure and as)ed %here he %as thin)in$ o- $oin$0
3 <e said he1d leave it to her0
4 2he su$$ested 2trat-ord 0 0 0
5 addin$ that she hadn1t "een there -or a$es0
6 .o( a$reed and said that the! (i$ht $o on the river i- it %as a -ine da!0
# Ann %ondered %hat %as on at the Ko!al 2ha)espeare .heatre0
& .o( said the!1d -ind out %hen the! $ot there 000
' addin$ that it %as usuall! possi"le to $et seats on the da! o- the pla!0
10 <e as)ed Ann i- she could "e read! "! ten0
11 Ann said %ith re$ret that she couldn1t as she had to t!pe a report -irst0
1+ .o( epressed horror at the idea o- %or)in$ on 2aturda! 0 0 0
13 and advised her to chan$e her jo"0
14 2he told hi( not to "e ridiculous and eplained that 0 0 0
15 she had volunteered to t!pe the report in return -or a -ree a-ternoon the -ollo%in$
%ee)0
16 2he pointed out that she hadn1t )no%n that he %as $oin$ to as) her out0
1# .o( said he supposed it %as all ri$ht "ut 0 0 0
1& %arned her not to (a)e a ha"it o- volunteerin$ -or %ee)end %or)0
1' Ann pro(ised not to0
+0 .o( said $loo(il! that he supposed she1d "e "us! all (ornin$0
+1 Ann assured hi( that she1d "e -inished "! 11000 and 0 0 0
11&
++ o--ered to (eet hi( at the "us stop at <!de Par) 3orner0
+3 .o( said that it %asn1t a ver! $ood (eetin$ place and that he1d call -or her0
+4 Ann said that that %as ver! )ind o- hi( and that she1d "e %aitin$ in the hall0
.ill climb
+5 .o( su$$ested cli("in$ to the top* addin$ that the vie% -ro( there %as (arvellous 000
+6 "ut Ann said that the!1d "een cli("in$ -or three hours and that she %as too tired to $o
an! -urther0
+# 2he su$$ested that .o( should $o on up %hile she %ent do%n and %aited there0
+& .o( a$reed and handed her the car )e!s* advisin$ her to %ait in the car0
+' <e pro(ised to "e as 8uic) as he could0
30 Ann said that i- he %as too lon$ there1d "e no lunch le-t* -or she1d have eaten it all0
Purpose
2n$initive used to express purpose
PEG 334
3o("ine each o- the -ollo%in$ pairs o- sentences into one sentence usin$ so as/in order
%here necessar!0
<e sent (e to 2pain0 <e %anted (e to learn 2panish0
-e sent me to 5pain to learn 5panish.
<e turned out the li$ht0 <e didn1t %ant to %aste electricit!0
-e turned out the light so as not to waste ele#tri#ity.
1 I a( "u!in$ paint0 I %ant to paint (! hall door0
+ <e tied a )not in0 his hand)erchie-0 <e hoped that this %ould re(ind hi( to (eet the
train0
3 <e opened the lions1 ca$e0 <e intended to -eed the lions0
4 <e le-t his ri-le outside0 <e didn1t %ant to -ri$hten his %i-e0
5 <e has a "o0 <e plans to put his savin$s in it0 (Omit it0J
6 :e had no cups "ut he $ave us coconut shells0 <e said %e could drin) out o- the(0
(Omit the(0J
# <e rushed into the "urnin$ house0 <e %anted to save the child0
& <e read onl! -or short periods each da!0 <e didn1t %ant to strain his e!es0
' .he! $ot up ver! earl!0 .he! %anted to $et to the top o- the hill "e-ore sunrise0
10 <e ran$ the "ell0 <e %anted to tell us that dinner %as read!0
11 :e (ust )eep our $loves on0 :e don1t %ant to $et -rost-"itten0
1+ .he -ar(er put a scarecro% up in the -ield0 <e %anted to -ri$hten I the "irds0
13 I too) o-- (! shoes0 I didn1t %ant to (a)e an! noise0
14 Be-ore the carpenter ca(e she covered the -loor %ith pol!thene sheetin$0 2he %anted
to protect the carpet0
15 .he "o!s are collectin$ stic)s0 .he! intend to put the( on the -ire0 (Omit the(0J
16 <e %as pla!in$ ver! so-tl!0 <e didn1t %ant to distur" an!one0
1# I a( sendin$ hi( to the 72A0 I %ant hi( to stud! electronics there0
1& I sent hi( out o- the roo(0 I %anted to discuss his pro$ress %ith his head(aster0
1' <e -ied a (etal ladder to the %all "elo% his %indo%0 <e %anted to "e a"le to escape
i- there %as a -ire0
+0 <e chan$ed his address constantl!0 <e %anted to elude the police0
11'
+1 .he police have "arricaded the (ain streets0 .he! %ant to prevent the de(onstrators
-ro( (archin$ throu$h the to%n0
++ .he! evacuated ever!"od! -ro( the dan$er Fone0 .he! %anted to reduce the ris)0
+3 I a( learnin$ Gree)0 I %ish to read <o(er0
+4 <e sent his children to his sister1s house0 <e %anted the( to %atch the television
pro$ra((e0
+5 <e sent his children to their aunt1s house0 <e %anted to have so(e peace0
+6 .he to%n council has -or"idden coal -ires0 .he! are tr!in$ to )eep the air clean0
+# .he! e(plo!ed a detective0 .he! %anted to learn %hat I did in the evenin$s0
+& I a( savin$ up0 I %ant to "u! a helicopter0
+' <e cou$hed0 <e %anted to %arn the( that he %as co(in$0
30 Aou should ta)e !our holida!s in Eune0 In this %a! !ou %ould avoid the rush0
31 I )eep (! hens in a -ield surrounded "! %ire nettin$0 I %ant to protect the( a$ainst
the -oes0
3+ I a( learnin$ s)iin$ at an indoor school0 I %ant to "e a"le to s)i %hen I $et to
2%itFerland0
33 .he %or)(en le-t red li$hts near the hole0 .he! %anted to %arn (otorists0
34 <e invented a %i-e and si children0 B! this tric) he hoped to avoid pa!in$ inco(e
ta0
35 2o(e %o(en tint their hair %hen it $oes $re!0 .he! %ant to loo) !oun$er0
36 <e didn1t tell her he %as $oin$ up in the spacecra-t0 <e didn1t %ant to alar( her0
1lauses and phrases o$ purpose
PEG 336-#
A purpose clause introduced "! so that can so(eti(es "e replaced "! prevent/avoid /
$erund or allow/enable/let/ma#e etc0 / in-initive0
.he t%o sentences:
<e ru(pled the "edclothes0 <e %anted to (a)e (e thin) he had slept in the "ed0
could "e co("ined:
He rumpled the bed!lothes so that I should&would thin$ he had slept
etc+ or to ma$e me thin$ he had slept etc+
An in case clause is use-ul %hen %e (ention the possi"le -uture action %e are ta)in$
precautions a$ainst:
?on1t let hi( pla! %ith scissors0 <e (a! cut hi(sel-0
could "e epressed:
,on"t let him play with s#issors in #ase he #uts himself.
2o(eti(es an in case clause can "e replaced "! a ne$ative purpose clause0
1 <e )illed the (en %ho helped hi( to "ur! the treasure0 <e %anted no"od! "ut
hi(sel-
to )no% %here it %as0
+ Put the cor) "ac)0 2o(eone (a! )noc) the "ottle over0
3 .he air-ield authorities have put arc li$hts over the da(a$ed run%a!0
.he! %ant repair %or) to continue da! and ni$ht0
4 .he $irl pac)ed the vase in pol!ester -oa(0 2he didn1t %ant it to $et "ro)en in the
1+0
post0
5 <e %ore a -alse "eard0 <e didn1t %ant an!one to reco$niFe hi(0
6 2he "uilt a hi$h %all round her $arden0 2he didn1t %ant her -ruit to "e stolen0
# .he! tal)ed in %hispers0 .he! didn1t %ant (e to overhear the(0
& Aou ou$ht to ta)e so(e seru( %ith !ou0 Aou (a! $et "itten "! a sna)e0
' Aeroplanes carr! parachutes0 .he cre% can escape in case o- -ire0
101 a( insurin$ (! li-e0 I %ant (! children to have so(ethin$ to live on i- I a( )illed0
11 Please shut the $ate0 I don1t %ant the co%s to $et out o- the -ield0
1+ <e telephoned -ro( a pu"lic call-"o0 <e didn1t %ant the call to "e traced to his o%n
address0
13 I a( puttin$ nets over (! stra%"err! plants0 I don1t %ant the "irds to eat all the
stra%"erries0
14 :e )eep a spade in the house0 .here (a! "e a heav! -all o- sno% in the ni$ht0
15 :e put "ars on the lo%er %indo%s0 :e didn1t %ant an!one to cli(" in0
16 Aou should carr! a jac) in !our car0 Aou (a! have a puncture0
1# :e "uilt the roo- %ith a steep slope0 :e %anted the sno% to slide o-- easil!0
1& .he notices are %ritten in several lan$ua$es0 .he $overn(ent %ants ever!one to
understand the(0
1' I put (! address on (! do$1s collar0 I %ant an!one %ho -inds hi( to )no% %here he
co(es -ro(0
+0 2he tied a "ell round her cat1s nec)0 2he %anted the "irds to )no% %hen he %as
approachin$0
+1 Brin$ !our $un %ith !ou0 :e (a! "e attac)ed0
++ I have put %ire over (! chi(ne!-pots0 I don1t %ant "irds to "uild nests in the(0
+3 :rite !our na(e in the "oo)0 <e (a! -or$et %ho lent it to hi(0
+4 <e chained up the lioness at ni$ht0 <e didn1t %ant her to -ri$hten an!one0
+5 ?on1t put on an! (ore coal0 .he chi(ne! (a! catch -ire0
+6 .he "ur$lar cut the telephone %ires0 <e didn1t %ant (e to call the police0
+# .a)e a torch %ith !ou0 It (a! "e dar) "e-ore !ou $et "ac)0
+& .he (anu-acturers have (ade the taps o- their ne% $as coo)er ver! sti--0 .he! don1t
%ant !oun$ children to "e a"le to turn the( on0
+' ?on1t let the "a"! pla! %ith (! $lasses0 <e (a! "rea) the(0
30 .he de"ate on education has "een postponed0 .he $overn(ent %ant to discuss the
latest crisis0
31 I- so(eone )noc)s at the door at ni$ht don1t open it0 It (a! "e the escaped convict0
3+ .he police(an stopped the tra--ic ever! -e% (inutes0 <e %anted the pedestrians to "e
a"le to cross the road0
33 <e had a telephone installed in his car0 <e %anted his secretar! to "e a"le to contact
hi( %henever necessar!0
34 Hever let children pla! %ith (atches0 .he! (a! set the(selves on -ire0
35 As he %ent throu$h the -orest Bill (ar)ed the trees0 <e %anted the rest o- the part! to
)no% %hich %a! he had $one0
36 .urn do%n the oven0 :e don1t %ant the (eat to "urn %hile %e are out0
.eys t% Practical Exercises
1 Articles
1+1
1xercise I Inote that 1-1 indicates that no article is re8uired0J
la*- +-*-*-9a 3 a* a 4 a*-9 a9 a*- 5A*-*- 6-*a*an # A* -* a* a*-* a &-*-9a*- 'A*- 10 a* a9 a*
an II a* a9-: a* -*a 1+-* an* an9- 13 a* a9 a9 a* a 14-* an 15 A* a9 a9 a* a 16 an* a9-*
an*-* a* a 1# a*-9 a*- 1&-*a 1' a9 a*- +0 a* a9 a9 - +1 A9 a* an9 a ++-*a* an* a +3-*a* an
+4 a*-9 a +5 a: a* a +6 a* a:- +# an* a*-*- +&-9- +' a* a*-*- 30 an9 a* a* a: a9-I 31 a* a9
an* a 3+ a* a* a* a 33-*a* a 34 a* a 35 a* a 36-*a
1xercise ! IAs "e-ore 1-1 indicates that no article is re8uired* 1ItheJ1
indicates that the article is optional0J
1 .he*-* the*- + the9 the* the 3-*-*-* the 4-*- 5 the9 the* the9- 6-*-*-9 the* the*-9 the #
the* the9-*- &-*-*the '-9 -*- 10 the* the9 the II-*-9 the* the9 the 1+ the* the* the* the* -
13-*-*- 14-* -*-*- 15-*-* the 16-*-*-* the 1#-* the* the* - 1&-*- 1'-*-* -*-*- +0 the* the*
the +1 the* -9 -*the
++ .he* -9 the9-*-*- +3-9 the* the* the +4-9-9 the +5-* the*-* the +6-* -*-*the* the9
.he*-*the9 the* the* the* the* -* the* the +# -* the* the9 - +& the* the9 .he* the* the*
the +' -* -* the* the* -*- 30-*-*-9-*- 31-*-* the* - 3+ .he* -9-*-*the 33-* ItheJ* the* the*
the 34 ItheJ* ItheJ9 -*-*-*-* the
35-0 - 36 the* the* the* the* the* the
1xercise " I.%o %ords separated "! an o"li8ue* e0$0 the/his* indicate that
either is a possi"le ans%er0 .he -irst %ord is nor(all! the pre-erred ans%er0J
1 a* the9 a* a + an* the* the 3 a* the*-*- 4 the* a* the*-0-0ItheJ 5 a*-*the* a 6 a* a/the*
an* the # a*-* an* the* the* the* the & a* the* the ' a* a 10 the* the* the* the* an
11-0-0ItheJ* a 1+ a* the*
13 the* a* the* the* the 14-9-*-*- 15 .he* the* the9 the* the 16 the* the* a*-: ItheJ*
the* the*- 1# a 1& a9 the9 a: a 1' a* the: a* -9 .he* the +0-*the9 the9 a* an +1 .he* a*
a*-*- ++ the* a*
- * the* a* the* the* the* the +3 a* a* a* the* -* the9 .he* -* -9 .he* the* -9 -* the*-* an
+4 the* the* a +5 a* the* the +6-*the9 the9-*the9-*a* - +# a* the* the*- +& a*-* an
+'-*-* -*- 30 a* an* an* a:-* -* -* -* the 31 a9 the* the* the: a* - 3+ the* an* the9 -* the*
-: the* the* a 33-*-9 the 34-9 a* the* -*a 35-* the9 a 36 a* a* a* the9 the* the* -
1xercise '
1 his + !our* !our 3 -* their 4 the 5 his* his 6 his* - # an* the & a ' a* (! 10 the II
a*-* a* his*- 1+ his 13-* her 14 his 15 the 16 our 1# the* her 1& his 1' !our +0 his*
the +1 the ++ !our +3-* his +4-0our/the +5 his +6 the/his +# !our* the* the +& a +'
a 30 a* a 31 !our* IaJ 3+ her* the 33 a* his 34 !our 35 !our 36 (!
1xercise *
1 Gne* a* a + A* a: one9 a9 one* a9 a: a 3 A* a 4 a* a* an 5 a* a/the* a/!our 6 one9 a9
1++
an # a* a & Gne* a ' IaJ* a* a9 a9 Gne 10 a9 Gne 11 a/the9 a* a/the9- 1+ a* a* one 13
one9 one9 a
14 a9 a* a 15 a* one* a* a* a 16 a* a9 one 1# Gne* a* a 1&-* a9 a9 one* a9 A* a 1' a9 a
+0 Gne9 an* an +1 a* a/the* a9 a* a* an ++ Gne* a0 -* an +3 Gne* a*-* a* a +4 one9 a9
a9 a9 Gne* an9 a
/ Auxiliary verbs
1xercise 2 He$ative ans%ers in each case: the auiliar! ver" / not. not is
usuall! contracted and added to the ver"* e0$0 (a! not/(a!n1t cost0 will 3 not is
contracted to %on1t* can 3 not is contracted to can't.
Interro$ative ans%ers* ecept -or 1* 13 and 1'* are in the -ollo%in$ -or(:
auiliar! ver" / su"ject / in-initive* e0$0 2hould the! eat less@
1 Is it li)el! to cost/?o !ou thin) it %ill cost@ 13 Are the! li)el! to co(e/?o
!ou thin) the! %ill co(e@ 1' Is he li)el! to "e at ho(e/?o !ou thin) he1ll "e at
ho(e@
1xercise # He$ative: I don1t have + doesn1t need 3 didn1t use 4 don1t have 5
doesn1t do
6 doesn1t need # didn1t have & didn1t have ' didn1t need 10 doesn1t do II doesn1t
have
1+ didn1t have 13 doesn1t do 14 doesn1t have 15 don1t have 16 didn1t dare 1#
didn1t do
1& doesn1t have 1' doesn1t dare +0 didn1t have +1 didn1t do ++ doesn1t need +3
didn1t have +4 didn1t have +5 didn1t use +6 don1t do +# didn1t have +& didn1t dare
Interro$ative: I do the! have + does he need 3 did he use 4 do the! have 5 does
she do
6 does he need # did he have & did she have ' did her hair need 10 does he do
11 does she have 1+ did she have 13 does he do 14 does he have 15 do the
children have
16 did she dare 1# did !ou do 1& does he have 1' does he dare +0 did the! have
+1 did the drin) ++ does (! %atch need +3 did he have +4 did !ou have +5 did
she use +6 do !ou do +# did he have +& did he dare
1xercise4 I %asn1t + didn1t 3 couldn1t 4 had to 5 %ouldn1t 6 could # %asn1t &
%asn1t
' didn1t need to 10 hoped that .o( %ould 11 did 1+ said that Ann (i$ht 13
%as 14 did 15 did000 could 16 could 1# had to 1& dared 1' didn1t +0 had +1 %ere
++ <ad !ou to/?id !ou have to +3 didn1t need to +4 hoped* he1d +5 (i$ht +6
?id !ou understand 0 0 0 he %as sa!in$@ I didn1t +# %ere +& (i$ht +' didn1t 30
%eren1t* %ere 31 thou$ht* (i$ht 3+ %anted 0 0 0 i- she could 33 couldn1t 34 %as*
%ould 35 could* couldn1t 36 didn1t* %ould0
1+3
1xercise 5 IA--ir(ative ans%ers all "e$in %ith Aes / the -irst o- the ans%ers
$iven0 He$ative ans%ers all "e$in %ith Ho / the second o- the ans%ers $iven0J
1 Aes* it is0 Ho* it isn1t0 + I do/don1t 3 I can/can1t 4 he does/doesn1t 5 it is/isn1t 6 I
a(/I1( not # I (ust/needn1t & %e are/aren1t ' he did/didn1t 10 it %ould/%ouldn1t
II !ou (a!/(a!n1t 1+ it is/isn1t 13 she %ill/%on1t 14 I do/don1t 15 !ou
should/shouldn1t 16 I can/can1t 1#
I a(/I1( not 1& the! could/couldn1t 1' it is/isn1t +0 the! %ere/%eren1t +1 she
%ill/%on1t
++ !ou ou$ht/ou$htn1t +3 !ou should/shouldn1t +4 he %as/%asn1t +5 I
have/haven1t +6 %e (ust/needn1t +# he did/didn1t +& I %ould/%ouldn1t +' it
is/isn1t 30 I do/don1t
31 !ou can/can1t 3+ I %ill/%on1t 33 I a(/I1( not 34 !ou are/aren1t 35 !ou
(ust/needn1t
36 it %as/%asn1t
1xercise )6 Part I .he ans%ers in this section all "e$in %ith 7o0
I 2o has Eohn0 + 0 0 0 is she0 3 0 0 0 can his %i-e0 4 0 0 0 ou$ht !ou0 5 0 0 0 should
!ou0 6 0 0 0%ill .o(0 # 0 0 0 %as the second0 & 0 0 0 did (! "rother0 ' 0 0 0 (ust !our
son0 10 0 0 0 does that0 11 0 0 0 is (! -riend0 1+ 0 0 0 did I0
Part + .he ans%ers in this section all "e$in %ith 8either/8or0
13 Heither/Hor has .o(0 14 0 0 0 should .o(0 15 0 0 0 (ust I0 16 0 0 0 can his
sister0
1# 0 0 0 does Ann0 1& 0 0 0 could Andre%0 1' 0 0 0 are !ou0 +0 0 0 0does that0 +1 0 0 0
%ill (ine0 ++ 0 0 0 had the tai-driver0 +3 0 0 0 did an!one else0 +4 0 0 0 %ould (!
(other0
Part 3 .he ans%ers in this section all "e$in %ith 9ut.
+5 But 4ar! %asn1t0 +6 0 0 0 she %as0 +# 0 0 0 !our "rother needn1t0 +& 0 0 0 I can1t0
+' 0 0 0 Ea(es did0 30 0 0 0 2tanle! (ust0 31 0 0 0 a do$ %ould0 3+ 0 0 0 his %i-e
%on1t0 33 0 0 0 (! nei$h"our has0 34 0 0 0 that "each isn1t0 35 0 0 0 !ou needn1t0 36 0
0 0 I do0
1xercise )) Part 1 1 Aes* %e (ust0 + Aes* !ou %ere0 3 Aes* she does0 4 Aes*
she (a!0
5 Aes* he could0 6 IGhJ* so there isC # Aes* he does0 & IGhJ* so it isC ' Aes* it
%as0 10 Aes* it (i$ht0 11 Aes* the! did0 1+ Aes* it is0
Part + All ans%ers "e$in %ith Ho0 13 Ho* the! don1t0 14 0 0 0 he didn1t0 15 0 0 0 it
isn1t0 16 0 0 0 he can1t0 1# 0 0 0 it %asn1t0 1& 0 0 0 it %ouldn1t0 1' 0 0 0 it hasn1t0 +0 0 0 0
the! don1t0 +1 0 0 0 the! didn1t0 ++ 0 0 0 it hasn1t0 +3 0 0 0 !ou don1t0 +4 0 0 0 he
(i$htn1t0
Part 3 +5 Ho* I1( not0 +6 Aes* !ou did0 +# IGhJ !es* the! %ereC +& IGhJ !es*
!ou %ereC +' Ho0 she %ouldn1t0 30 Ho* I didn1t0 31 Ho* !ou can1t0 3+ Ho* it
doesn1t0 33 IGhJ !es* he didC 34 IGhJ no* the! don1t0 35 Ho* the! shouldn1t0 36
1+4
Ho* she didn1t0
1xercise )! 1 are !ou + is she 3 do !ou 4 did he 5 is it 6 %as she # has he &
%ill !ou ' did 1 10 does he II do !ou 1+ does it 13 should the! 14 are !ou 15
could the! 16 do !ou
1# %as there 1& need 1 1' %as it +0 did !ou +1 %ill it ++ does she +3 did it +4
should he +5 could she +6 are !ou +# %ould !ou +& had he +' %ere the! 30
%ould !ou 31 does he 3+ has he 33 could he 34 need 1 35 %ere there 36 %as it
1xercise )" 1can1t the! + isn1t he 3 didn1t he 4 haven1t the! 5 %asn1t he 6
shouldn1t he
# couldn1t it & isn1t he ' isn1t it 10 can1t he 11 %on1t it 1+ doesn1t she 13 hasn1t
she 14 didn1t
the! 15 doesn1t she 16 doesn1t he 1# didn1t he 1& don1t the! 1' haven1t 1 +0
hasn1t he
+1 isn1t she ++ didn1t the! +3 (i$htn1t he +4 (ustn1t %e +5 hadn1t !ou +6
%ouldn1t !ou
+# don1t the! +& ou$htn1t she +' %asn1t it 30 don1t the! 31 %on1t !ou 3+ didn1t
he 33 %on1t there 34 hadn1t !ou 35 %ouldn1t !ou 36 couldn1t !ou
1xercise )' 1 don1t !ou + do !ou 3 is it 4 does it 5 %asn1t it 6 %as there #
didn1t the!
& %asn1t there ' did the! 10 does she 11 doesn1t she 1+ %ouldn1t she 13 didn1t
he 14 did he 15 %asn1t she 16 ou$htn1t he 1# did the! 1& do the! 1' can1t the!
+0 does he +1 is it ++ did it +3 aren1t the! +4 hadn1t %e +5 %ouldn1t it +6 %ould
it +# isn1t it +& %ouldn1t she
+' shouldn1t the! 30 %eren1t the! 31 didn1t she 3+ does he 133 didn1t there 34 is
there
35 %ill he 36 does it
1xercise )* 1- + to 3 to 4 to 5- 6 to # to &- '- 10 to 11 to 1+ to 13 ItoJ 14- 15-
16-* to
1# to 1& to 1'- +0- +1 to ++ to +3- +4 to +5- +6 to +#-0ItoJ +&- +'- 30 to 31 - 3+
to 33 to 34 - 35 to 36-
1xercise )2 1 can/could + "e a"le 3 had 4 had 5 (ust* needn1t 6 didn1t dare #
ou$ht/%ill have & used ' is to "e 10 could 11 shall 1+ %ould* (i$ht 13 %ould
14 had 15 don1t have/need 16 %as to have 1# should/ou$ht to 1& (i$ht/should
1' %ill have +0 used* %ould +1 should ++ %ill +3 (ust have +4 (a! +5 %ere
+6 have +# ou$htn1t +& (i$ht
1xercise ): IAs (entioned in the note* the do/did -or( could "e used
throu$hout ecept in no0 +#* and o- course -or the -uture0J
1+5
1 hasn1t even I$otJ + has I$otJ* has/has al%a!s $ot 3 don1t have* have I$otJ 4 has
I$otJ
5 haven1t !ou I$otJ 6 did !ou have/had !ou0 # has the alpha"et I$otJ & do the
houses have/have the houses I$otJ ' have !ou I$otJ* haven1t I$otJ 10 do !ou
ever have II he1ll have 1+ don1t usuall! have 13 have !ou I$otJ 14 don1t al%a!s
have 15 hasn1t !our door I$otJ 16 have !ou I$otJ* have 1# haven1t I$otJ 1& has
I$otJ 1' have !ou +0 has this des) I$otJ* don1t ever have/never have +1 do !ou
ever have ++ do "a"ies have +3 has/has
a penta$on $ot +4 has* does she have +5 have* %on1t/don1t have +6 do !ou have
+# have !ou I$otJ* have I$otJ +& have !ou I$otJ* I onl! have/have onl! I$otJ*
%ill have +' have !ou I$otJ 30 have !ou I$otJ* have* haven1t I$otJ 31 hasn1t he
I$otJ 3+ have* didn1t
have/hadn1t 33 didn1t !ou have 34 do red-haired people al%a!s have/have red-
haired people al%a!s $ot 35 hasn1t I$otJ 36 have !ou I$otJ
1xercise )4 1 are havin$ + did !ou have/had !ou 3 is havin$ 4 are havin$ 5
does he have* he usuall! has 6 do !ou have # do !ou have* have & do !ou have*
have ' don1t !ou have 10 %ere havin$ II did !ou have/had !ou 1+ are havin$ 13
%ill !ou have 14 are havin$ 15 had 16 did !ou have 1# a( havin$ 1& are
havin$ 1' %as havin$ +0 do En$lish people al%a!s have +1 don1t have/haven1t
++ are havin$ +3 don1t have +4 did !ou have/had !ou* had +5 did !ou have/had
!ou +6 a( havin$ +# does he have +& did !ou have/had !ou +' had
30 are havin$ 31 didn1t have/hadn1t 3+ are havin$ 33 a( havin$ 34 is havin$ 35
does he
ever have 36 had* did !ou have/had !ou
1xercise )5 la( havin$ + %ill have 3 had 4 a( havin$ 5 have just had 6 a(
havin$ # did !ou have & does he have ' do !ou have 10 don1t !ou have 11 do
!ou have 1+ a( havin$ 13 have it -ra!ed 14 have it repaired 15 have the(
shortened 16 a( havin$ the( t!ped 1# have it tuned 1& have the docu(ent
photocopied 1' had the( d!ed +0 have it (ended +1 have it set ++ have just
had it re-char$ed +3 to have it enlar$ed +4 have just had the(
sharpened +5 have (! car serviced +6 have it seen to +# had (! %atch cleaned
+& is havin$ her portrait painted +' the! had the (an arrested 30 he had the car
to%ed 31 are havin$ a $ara$e "uilt 3+ have (! %indo%s cleaned 33 had (!
e!es tested 34 is havin$
his -ortune told 35 had the o!sters opened 36 had (! ears pierced
1xercise !6 1 is "ein$/%ill "e ruined + is to (a)e/is (a)in$ 3 %ere 4 "ein$*
"ein$ 5 %ere to "e/should "e etin$uished 6 have !ou "een # is "ein$ pulled
do%n & %as to put ' isn1t it 10 are to sta! 11 should "e as)ed 1+ %ere 13 I a(
to $o 14 is "ein$ carried 15 to "e
16 %ere 1# %ere to have ta)en 1& is "ein$ tau$ht 1' %as* %ill "e* %ere +0 to "e
1+6
+1 %as to have "een ++ should "e sent +3 %ill there "e +4 had "een +5 is to
open/is openin$ +6 %ere "ein$ ta)en +# %as to have "een +& %ould !ou "e +'
is to "e/is "ein$/%ill "e 30 %as to have run 31 %as still "ein$ painted 3+
should "e printed 33 are "ein$/have "een translated 34 %ere 35 %as to do 36 is
to "e
1xercise !) IA--ir(atives are not $iven in their contracted -or( "ut %ould
nor(all! "e contracted in speech0J
1 It is* It is + is it* It is 3 It %as* there %ere 4 It is* .here %ill "e 5 it %as 6 It is*
it is
# .here are* there is & .here is9 It %ill "e* it is* it is* there %ill "e ' .here is* it
is 10 It %as* it %as 11 .here %as9 .here %ere 1+ .here %as9 .here %ere 13 It
is* it is 14 It is9 .here
are 15 It is9 It is 16 It %ill "e9 there %ill 1# .here is9 Is it 1& .here are* it is 1'
It is +0 it %as +1 there are: there is9 It is ++ It is* it is +3 .here is* there are9 It is
or .here %as* there %ere9 It %as +4 Is there9 it is9 there is/there %ill "e +5 there
%as9 there %as +6 .here %as9 It %as* there %as +# .here are9 .here is* it is*
isn1t it +& It is9 there is9 .here is* there is/%ill "e +' .here are: It is* there is 30
It is9 It is9 It is 31 there is9 it %as* %asn1t it
3+ it %as/%ould "e 33 It %as9 it %as* there %as 34 Is there9 there is9 is it 35
.here is
36 It is9 .here is
1xercise !! 1 can* could* can1t/couldn1t + %ill "e a"le to 3 %on1t "e a"le to 4
can1t 0 0 0 can1t or couldn1t 0 0 0 couldn1t 5 shall/%ill "e a"le to 6 %ill never "e a"le
to # couldn1t* can1t & %ill !ou "e a"le to ' %on1t "e a"le to 10 could* couldn1t 11
can* can* can1t
1+ can1t* can1t/couldn1t* can1t/couldn1t 13 could/%as a"le to 14 %as a"le to 15
could/%as a"le to* couldn1t/%asn1t a"le to 16 %ere a"le to 1# %ere !ou a"le
to/could !ou
1& couldn1t/%asn1t a"le to 1' %as a"le to +0 %ere a"le to +1 could/%as a"le to
++ %as a"le to +3 %as a"le to +4 %as a"le to +5 could/can* could +6 could*
couldn1t +# could* couldn1t* can1t +& could +' couldn1t/%ouldn1t "e a"le to 30
couldn1t/%ouldn1t "e a"le to
31 could/can* can1t 3+ could* could 33 could/can* couldn1t/can1t 34
couldn1t/%ouldn1t "e a"le to
35 couldn1t/%asn1t a"le to* couldn1t/%asn1t a"le to 36 could
1xercise !" 1 (a! + (i$ht 3 (a!/(i$ht 4 (a!/(i$ht 5 (i$ht 6 (a! # (a! &
(i$ht ' (a! 10 %as allo%ed to 11 (i$ht 1+ (a! 13 (a!/(i$ht 14 (a!/(i$ht*
(a!/(i$ht 15 (i$ht
16 (a! 1# (a! 1& (a! 1' (a!/(i$ht +0 (i$ht +1 (i$ht ++ (a!/(i$ht +3
(a!/(i$ht
1+#
+4 (a! +5 (i$ht +6 (a!/(i$ht +# (i$ht/(a! +& (a!/(i$ht +' (a! 30 (i$ht
31 (i$ht
3+ (a!/(i$ht 33 (a! 34 (i$ht 35 (a!/(i$ht 36 hasn1t "een allo%ed to
1xercise !' 1 has to + (ust 3 has to 4 have to 5 (ust 6 have to # had to & has
to ' had to 10 have to 11 (ust 1+ %ill have to/have to 13 (ust 14 has to 15
(ust 16 have to 10# have to 1& (ust 1' (ust +0 have to +1 had to ++ (ust +3
have to +4 (ust +5 has to
+6 (ust +# %ill have to +& (ust +' had to 30 have to 31 %ill have to 3+ had to
33 have to
34 (ust/%ill have to 35 (ust 36 have to
1xercise !* IAdd not to each o- the -ollo%in$ ver"s0J
1 need + (ust 3 (ust 4 need 5 (ust 6 (ust # need & (ust ' need 10 need l1
need 1+ (ust 13 need 14 (ust 15 (ust 16 need 1# (ust 1& (ust 1' need +0
need +1 (ust ++ (ust
+3 need +4 (ust +5 (ust +6 (ust +# need +& need +' need 30 need 31 need 3+
(ust
33 need 34 (ust 35 (ust 36 need
1xercise !2 Ididn1t have to is replacea"le "! didn1t need to0J
1 he doesn1t have/hasn1t I$otJ to + did !ou have to 3 I don1t have to 4 the! %ill
have to
5 %e didn1t have to 6 %e didn1t have to # !ou needn1t co(e & I never have to '
shan1t/%on1t have to 10 !ou needn1t II shall %e have to 1+ !ou don1t have to 13 I
didn1t have to
14 %e don1t have to 15 have !ou $ot to/(ust !ou/need !ou 16 do people have to
1# shall I have to 1& don1t have to 1' %e didn1t have to +0 !ou needn1t +1 %e
didn1t have to ++ do %e have to/(ust %e +3 did !ou have to +4 I didn1t have to
+5 !ou %on1t have to +6 the! didn1t have to +# do !ou have to/have !ou $ot to
+& did !ou have to/had !ou to +' didn1t have to 30 shall I have to 31 do !ou
have to/have !ou $ot to 3+ I didn1t have to 33 do 5rench children have to 34 did
!ou have to 35 I didn1t have to 36 did !ou have to
1xercise !: 1 (ust have "een + can1t/couldn1t have "een 3 needn1t have helped
4 (ust have le-t 5 can1t/couldn1t have escaped 6 needn1t have $iven #
can1t/couldn1t have seen
& (ust have started ' can1t have "een 10 needn1t have "ou$ht 11 (ust have
"een 1+ (ust have "orro%ed 13 (ust have stolen 14 needn1t have done 15
needn1t have said
16 can1t/couldn1t have understood 1# can1t/couldn1t have done 1& (ust have
"een
1' can1t/couldn1t have %al)ed +0 can1t have "een +1 (ust have "een ++
can1t/couldn1t have had +3 needn1t have %atered +4 (ust have ta)en +5
1+&
can1t/couldn1t have "een
+6 can1t/couldn1t have %atered +# (ust have "een +& needn1t have sent +'
needn1t have (ade 30 (ust have "een 31 (ust have "een 3+ can1t/couldn1t have
seen 33 can1t/couldn1t have co(e 34 needn1t have lent 35 needn1t have spo)en
36 (ust have -allen
0 Preset a! "ast teses
1xercise !4 1 %ishes + passes 3 helps 4 chan$es 5 %atches 6 %orries # cashes
& carries
' %ashes 10 $oes 11 la!s 1+ "ounces 13 astonishes 14 does he li)e 15 costs 16
-ishes (
1# -or$ets 1& catches 1' (isses +0 (ies +1 -reeFes ++ -lies +3 (atches +4
realiFes
+5 uses +6 does he do* does* lies +# hurries +& pushes +' )isses 30 "oes 31
dresses
3+ relies 33 snatches 34 -ries 35 rises 36 does
1xercise !5 He$ative: 1 don1t )no% + doesn1t have 3 doesn1t love 4 don1t %ear
5 doesn1t trust 6 doesn1t tr! # doesn1t close & doesn1t (iss ' don1t li)e 10 doesn1t
-inish 11 doesn1t live 1+ doesn1t "ull! 13 doesn1t heat 14 doesn1t have 15 doesn1t
carr! 16 doesn1t "elieve
1# doesn1t dance 1& don1t re(e("er 1' doesn1t pla! +0 doesn1t %orr! +1 don1t
%or)
++ doesn1t leave +3 doesn1t arran$e +4 doesn1t a$ree +5 don1t "ar) +6 don1t
co(plain
+# doesn1t enjo! +& doesn1t en$a$e +' doesn1t loo) 30 don1t sell 31 doesn1t
char$e
3+ doesn1t cut 33 don1t pic) 34 doesn1t leave 35 doesn1t rela 36 doesn1t re-use
Interro$ative: I do !ou )no% + does he have 3 does he love 4 do the! %ear 5
does he trust 6 does he tr! # does the par) close & does he (iss ' do the
children li)e 10 does he -inish 11 does he live 1+ does he "ull! 13 does it heat
14 does she have 15 does she carr!
16 does he "elieve 1# does she dance 1& do !ou re(e("er 1' does she pla! +0
does he %orr! +1 do these thieves usuall! %or) ++ does he leave +3 does Ann
arran$e +4 does she a$ree +5 do their do$s "ar) +6 do their nei$h"ours o-ten
co(plain +# does .o( enjo!
+& does he en$a$e +' does .o( loo) 30 do the! sell 31 does he char$e 3+ does
she cut 33 do the! pic) 34 does the last train leave 35 does he rela 36 does she
re-use
1xercise "6 1 isn1t %or)in$* is s%i((in$ + is teachin$ 3 isn1t Ann %earin$ 4 is
-l!in$ 5 is .o( doin$* is cleanin$ 6 is $oin$* is so(eone "rin$in$ # is it
1+'
rainin$* is rainin$ & are !ou (endin$ ' aren1t tellin$* a( not tellin$ 10 is
(ovin$* is paintin$ 11 is s%eepin$ 1+ are !ou readin$* a( readin$ 13 is
shinin$* are sin$in$ 14 is )noc)in$* a( just co(in$* a( just %ashin$ 15 is
al%a!s rin$in$ up and as)in$ 16 are !ou (a)in$* is so(eone co(in$
1# is l!in$ 1& are !ou usin$ 1' are !ou doin$* a( $oin$ +0 are havin$* is
catchin$ +1 a( doin$ ++ are !ou t!pin$* !ou are (a)in$ +3 is restin$ +4 are
di$$in$* are the! doin$* are loo)in$ +5 is (a)in$* are repairin$ +6 are doin$*
are cuttin$ +# are !ou %aitin$* a( %aitin$* is just $ettin$ +& are sa!in$* is
(a)in$ +' is al%a!s losin$ 0 0 0 and as)in$ 30 are !ou loo)in$ 0 0 0 is so(ethin$
happenin$ 31 a( "athin$ 3+ are rushin$* are ju(pin$ out and unrollin$ 33 is
pourin$* are stoppin$* is tr!in$ 34 is cli("in$* is helpin$* are
slidin$ 35 is %avin$* is $oin$ 36 is co(in$* is carr!in$* is/are cheerin$
1xercise ") 1 don1t "uild* use + is havin$ 3 drin)s* is drin)in$ 4 does she do*
pla!s* %atches 5 is rainin$* haven1t 6 leaves # spea)s* don1t understand & is
(a)in$* (a)es
' %ears 10 don1t li)e 11 a( %earin$ 1+ is readin$ 13 a( redecoratin$ 14 is
"oilin$ 15 are !ou enjo!in$* a( enjo!in$* %ant 16 do !ou $et* $o* a( $oin$ 1#
are !ou puttin$* a( $oin$* are !ou co(in$* do !ou (ind 1& do !ou o%e* I o%e*
do !ou intend 1' do !ou "elon$* do !ou read* do !ou chan$e* I chan$e +0
learns* doesn1t see( +1 al%a!s "u!/a( al%a!s "u!in$* %in ++ do !ou li)e* a(
$ivin$ +3 pro(ise* pro(ise +4 do !ou al%a!s %rite +5 do !ou love* li)e* don1t
love +6 do !ou drea(* drea(* eat* have +# s(ells* do !ou
)eep +& are al%a!s co(plainin$/al%a!s co(plain +' are usin$ 30 is al%a!s
sa!in$/al%a!s sa!s* does 31 do !ou )no%* -alls 3+ are !ou %ritin$* %rite* do
!ou %ant 33 are havin$* %onder* are tal)in$ 34 do !ou "elieve* don1t "elieve*
do !ou read 35 is (a)in$* do !ou
thin)* doesn1t (atter* (a)es 36 is s(o)in$* epect* are "uildin$* does* doesn1t
see(* don1t !ou put
1xercise "! 1 does .o( thin)* thin)s* a$ree + does this one cost* it costs 3 do
!ou hear* is "lo%in$ 4 do !ou see* a( loo)in$* don1t see 5 listens* is al%a!s
thin)in$ 6 deserts* $oes
# do !ou understand* don1t understand & do !ou have* eat* drin) ' rises* see* are
pic)etin$ 10 are !ou %al)in$* %al)* a( hurr!in$* a( (eetin$* doesn1t li)e II
%ish* )eeps* thin)* %ants 1+ do !ou reco$niFe* thin)* don1t re(e("er 13
%onder* %aitin$ -or 14 is %aitin$* %ant 15 don1t !ou see* see* a( not %earin$*
does it sa!* sa!s 16 is al%a!s "orro%in$/al%a!s "orro%s* re(e("ers 1# do !ou
need* do !ou -eel 1& does it save* ta)e* doesn1t (atter 1' a( savin$* a( $oin$
+0 thin)* are $ettin$ +1 are loo)in$* is just ta)in$ ++ does* is al%a!s %or)in$
+3 is he doin$* thin)* is polishin$ +4 is co(in$* do !ou %ant +5 is Peter $ettin$
on* see(s +6 is 4rs Pitt loo)in$/does 4rs Pitt loo)* is s(o)in$* and IisJ
130
droppin$ +# leave* arrive* spend* set* sounds* $et +& (a)es* -inds* $oes* does
not -or$et* returns* loo)s +' -inds* reco$niFes* coils* )ills 30 does the sna)e
-eel* don1t
)no%* ends 31 do !ou end* "e$ins* put* pre-ers 3+ does the %ord 1catastrophe1
(ean* (eans 33 are !ou %aitin$* a( %aitin$* doesn1t open* )no%* %ant*
starts/is startin$ 34 are !ou s(o)in$* don1t s(o)e* a( s(o)in$* %ant* sa!s*
re(oves 35 o%ns* don1t )no%* uses*
)no%s* o%ns 36 do !ou (ind* as)* depends* concerns* re-use
1xercise "" 1 %ent + (et 3 %ore 4 (ade 5 $ot 6 understood # shut & spo)e '
le-t 10 read 11 ate 1+ sa% 13 san$ 14 cried* %as 15 )ne% 16 thou$ht I )ne% 1#
rose 1& too) 1' "ou$ht +0 drea(t +1 laid ++ -elt +3 )ne%* %anted +4 paid +5
"it +6 s(elt +# cost +& hurt +' la! 30 dran) 31 $re% 3+ rode 33 -ell 34 -ou$ht*
(et 35 put 36 slept
1xercise "' He$ative: the ans%er in each case is did not/didn1t / in-initive* e0$0
I did not/didn1t see
Interro$ative: the ans%er in each case is did / su"ject / in-initive* e0$0 1 did
she see
.he in-initives are as -ollo%s: I see + hear 3 sleep 4 loo) 5 drin) 6 set # thin) &
catch
' hide 10 -ind 11 "leed 1+ choose 13 lend 14 teach 15 hurt 16 "rea) 1# co(e
1& lose
1' %rite +0 -l! +1 dra% ++ la! +3 -all +4 lose +5 -or"id +6 send +# )eep +& ride
+' spend 30 sell 31 rin$ 3+ rise 33 run 34 sha)e 35 -or$ive 36 "roadcast
1xercise "* I %ere doin$* %as pla!in$* %as listenin$ + %as $ettin$ 3 %ere
rushin$ 4 %as travellin$ 5 %as %earin$ 6 %as redecoratin$ # %ere %or)in$ &
%as runnin$ ' %ere pla!in$* %ere leanin$ 10 %as %or)in$* %as shoppin$ 11
%as sailin$ 1+ %ere $oin$
13 %ere tal)in$ 14 %as stud!in$ 15 %as coo)in$ 16 %as dietin$* %as tr!in$ 1#
%ere !ou tal)in$* %as tal)in$ 1& %as cli("in$ 1' %as %or)in$ +0 %ere
"athin$* %ere loo)in$* %ere
pla!in$ +1 %as he livin$ ++ %as standin$* %as %aitin$ +3 %as practisin$ +4
%ere carr!in$ +5 %ere -i$htin$* %as tr!in$* %ere the! -i$htin$ +6 %as sittin$*
%as readin$ +# %ere doin$* %as %eedin$* %as cuttin$ +& %ere (endin$ +'
%as/%ere clappin$ 30 %as (a)in$* %as sa!in$ 31 %as learnin$ 3+ %as
repairin$ 33 %as al%a!s tr!in$ 34 %ere -ishin$ 35 %ere %ritin$ 36 %as
%anderin$
1xercise "2 I %as "urnin$ + %as %ritin$ 3 %as (a)in$ 4 le-t 5 %as just leavin$
6 %as %atchin$* turned* %ent # stood & %as pla!in$* insisted ' %as %al)in$ 10
%as havin$* lunched 11 %ore* carried 1+ did !ou thin)* li)ed 13 shared* %as
131
al%a!s co(plainin$/al%a!s co(plained 14 realiFed* %as travellin$ 15 %as
pla!in$* thre% 16 %as just openin$* "le% 1# %as openin$* heard* put* cra%led
1& %as loo)in$* -ound 1' sa%* %ere !ou doin$ +0 %ere pla!in$* heard* hid*
too) +1 %as cleanin$* %ent* )illed
++ didn1t allo%* %as "lo%in$ +3 %as crossin$/crossed* stepped* -ell +4 %as still
l!in$* sa% +5 sa%* stopped +6 did !ou da(a$e* ran* %ere drivin$* %ere $oin$
+# %as $ettin$/$ot* started* -ell +& called* %as alread! $ettin$ up +' %as
(endin$/(ended* $ot 30 heard*
%ent* opened* didn1t reco$niFe* %asn1t %earin$ 31 %ere sittin$* %as doin$* %as
)nittin$* %ere readin$* s(iled* said 3+ %ere dancin$* "ro)e* stole 33 )ne%*
%ere loo)in$* hid* %ent 34 %as al%a!s "u!in$ 35 told* %as spendin$/spent*
listened 36 "e$an* "an$ed
1xercise ": 1 %o)e* %as al%a!s $ettin$/al%a!s $ot* %ent* "ou$ht + had to*
usuall! $raFed/%as usuall! $raFin$ 3 didn1t nor(all! chase* (ade* %as
crossin$* %ent 4 anno!ed* "e$an 5 %as carr!in$* %as rainin$* thre%* ran 6
stopped* "e$an* %as doin$ # a%o)e* %as
sittin$* %as loo)in$* called* turned* s(iled & did !ou interrupt* %as havin$ '
%as carr!in$* heard 10 %as loo)in$* noticed 11 %ere %al)in$/%al)ed* heard*
turned* held* stopped
1+ arrived* %as %aitin$* %as %earin$* I%asJ loo)in$/loo)ed* sa%* %aved*
shouted* %as
sa!in$/said* %as (a)in$ 13 escaped* %as %or)in$* %as %earin$ 14 %as
travellin$* "e$an 15 didn1t li)e* %as tr!in$ 16 %as (a)in$* -elt* "rou$ht* %as
a"le 1# sa%* %as paintin$* did !ou li)e* %as onl! just startin$* sa% 1& too)*
%as "ein$* %ere still listenin$* le-t/%ere
leavin$ 1' %as* had to* %as enjo!in$ +0 %ere co(in$* stopped* said* %as
loo)in$* as)ed +1 sa%* %ere !ou usin$* %as usin$* %ere !ou ridin$ ++ %as
)nittin$ +3 %as* said* hoped* %as enjo!in$ +4 %as %aterin$* "e$an* put* %ent
+5 %as just %ritin$* re(e("ered*
had +6 -ound* %as di$$in$* "elon$ed +# sa%* %as hurr!in$* as)ed* %as $oin$*
said* %as spea)in$* %asn1t +& called* %as still %or)in$ +' ca(e* %as s(o)in$*
had* thre%* hoped
30 noticed* %as risin$* %ere !ou s(o)in$* ca(e* as)ed 31 %as s%i((in$*
stole* had to
3+ said* %ere %or)in$* %anted 33 said* %as "uildin$* thou$ht 34 %o)e* said*
thou$ht* %as tr!in$ 35 did !ou lend* %as still readin$* didn1t )no%* %ere still
readin$ 36 ca(e* %o)e* started* %o)e* ca(e* said* said* didn1t hear* %as
"ar)in$* %ent* telephoned
1xercise "4 1 <ave !ou "een* I1ve "een + have !ou had* have 3 has the post
co(e* has
13+
4 have !ou seen* haven1t 5 has so(eone %ound* has 6 haven1t -inished # has
just $one
& has ta)en ' has stopped 10 have !ou heard* haven1t 11 have just %ashed 1+
has stolen 13 have !ou eplained* have 14 have $one 15 have !ou had* have
had 16 has 3harles passed* has 1# has the (il)(an le-t* has le-t 1& have lived
1' have !ou )no%n* have )no%n +0 have just (ade +1 has 4ar! %atered* has
++ haven1t !ou (ade* haven1t
+3 haven1t !ou (ended* haven1t had +4 have !ou dived* haven1t +5 have !ou
ever le-t* haven1t +6 have as)ed +# has al%a!s re-used +& have !ou ever ridden
+' have "ou$ht
30 has he posted 31 hasn1t he -inished* has had 3+ have o-ten seen* have never
spo)en
33 have !ou ever eaten* haven1t 34 have just heard 35 have recaptured 36
haven1t paid
1xercise "5 1 have* %ound + haven1t* ate 3 has* -ed 4 haven1t* have onl!
repaired 5 have done* did 6 haven1t* haven1t -ound # have* (ade & haven1t* have
"een ' haven1t* haven1t seen 10 have* %ent 11 have driven* drove 1+ hasn1t* has*
%ent 13 have* %as 14 has* spo)e 15 have onl! spent* have 16 haven1t saved*
have saved 1# hasn1t* %ent 1& haven1t seen* sa%* didn1t see 1' have* paid +0
haven1t* -le% +1 "it* has "itten ++ planted* haven1t +3 has* %rote +4 haven1t*
dran)* haven1t drun)
1xercise '6 1 have !ou lived/have !ou "een livin$* have lived/have "een livin$
+ lived* %ent 3 did !ou %ear* insisted 4 le-t* cut* have %orn 5 %rote 6 has
%ritten* has just -inished # -le%* did !ou see & haven1t seen ' hasn1t s(o)ed 10
co(posed II did he arrive* arrived 1+ did !ou loc) 13 read* enjo!ed 14 haven1t
-inished 15 have never drun) 16 have %ritten 1# has stopped 1& have just
cleaned 1' le-t* $ot +0 did* %as +1 has just $one ++ %ent
+3 have !ou had* had +4 (et +5 did !ou see +6 "e$an* lasted* enjo!ed +# has
just "e$un +& has the ne%spaper co(e +' arrived* started 30 has "een 31 %rote
3+ have (issed
33 "ro)e 34 has "een 35 %or)ed* retired* %ent 36 have !ou "een* spent* did !ou
have* stopped
1xercise ') 1 haven1t seen* told + "ou$ht* did !ou pa!* paid 3 did !ou -ind*
-ound* didn1t !ou leave 4 have lost* have !ou seen* haven1t* did !ou last %ear*
%ore* le-t 5 has just le-t* has "een* has never "ou$ht 6 le-t* did he $o* didn1t see*
%ent # served* did that %ar
"e$in* "e$an* lasted & did !ou vote* voted* %asn1t* %as* lost ' did !ou li)e*
li)ed* 8uarrelled* dis(issed* %ere* %as 10 didn1t )no%* )ne%* have !ou )no%n*
have )no%n
11 hasn1t had* have "een 1+ did !ou hear* did* did !ou thin) 13 didn1t )no%*
133
%ere* have !ou "een* have "een* have !ou "een* %ent 14 have !ou tried* tried*
-ound* started 15 have !ou seen* has an!thin$ happened* have escaped 16 has
4ar! -ed* -ed* did she $ive* $ave 1# have !ou )no%n* have )no%n* did he do*
ca(e* %as 1& have !ou seen* hasn1t "een "ou$ht 1' has the plu("er "een*
sta!ed* did he do* turned* e(ptied +0 have !ou "een* have "een* did !ou enjo!*
too)* did !ou %in* ca(e +1 has that "een* has "een* have %ritten* has "een ++
have just "een* have !ou seen* haven1t* haven1t read* read* %as* did .olsto!
%rite* %rote* did he %rite +3 "rou$ht* did he do* %anted +4 have !ou "een*
have "een* did he ta)e* did* did it hurt +5 said* hasn1t phoned +6 have just
received* haven1t paid* didn1t I $ive* did* spent/have spent +# have !ou "een*
have just started* did !ou -ind* ans%ered +& have !ou -inished* have done +'
have cut* did it happen* slipped 30 did !ou $et* $ot 31 did !ou (eet* did* had 3+
lost* has "een* did he lose* %as 33 has "een* did !ou see* happened* ran 34
phoned* $ot 35 did not %ear* have %orn 36 has "een* have just ta)en* has
"ou$ht
1xercise '! A--ir(ative: the ans%er in each case is have/has / been / present
participle* e0$0 I have "een (a)in$
He$ative: have/has / not 3 been / present participle* e0$0
16 haven1t "een eatin$
Interro$ative: have/has / su"ject / been / present participle* e0$0
6 have !ou "een doin$
Present participles are as -ollo%s:
1 (a)in$ + rin$in$ 3 over%or)in$ 4 cuttin$ 5 loo)in$ 6 doin$* %or)in$ #
stud!in$
& %aitin$ ' rainin$ 10 ar$uin$ 11 "athin$ 1+ drivin$ 13 %earin$ 14 sa!in$ 15
tr!in$
16 eatin$ 1# spea)in$ 1& -l!in$ 1' pla!in$ +0 shoppin$ +1 livin$ ++ eatin$ +3
loo)in$
+4 lea)in$ +5 di$$in$* helpin$ +6 as)in$ +# usin$ +& drivin$ +' $oin$ 30
sno%in$
31 cr!in$* peelin$ 3+ (a)in$ 33 drin)in$ 34 s(o)in$ 35 eatin$ 36 tr!in$
1xercise '" I have %al)ed + have "een %al)in$/have %al)ed 3 have "een
%al)in$/have %al)ed 4 have "een (a)in$ 5 have !ou (ade* have (ade 6 has
eaten # hasn1t stopped
& has "een drin)in$ ' have pulled 10 have "een pullin$ 11 have !ou "een
doin$* have "een pic)in$ 1+ have !ou pic)ed* have pic)ed 13 have slept 14 has
"een sleepin$/has slept
15 has "een ridin$ 16 have ridden 1# has "een (a)in$ 1& have "een
%or)in$/have %or)ed
134
1' have heard +0 have "een hearin$/have heard +1 have "een $reasin$ ++ have
"een polishin$ +3 have "een %or)in$/have %or)ed* has never said +4 has "een
teachin$/has tau$ht +5 have tau$ht* have never (et +6 have !ou "een* have
"een pu(pin$/have
pu(ped +# have pu(ped +& have "een loo)in$/have loo)ed* haven1t -ound +'
has "een cou$hin$/has cou$hed 30 have !ou heard* have )no%n 31 have "een
tr!in$* have said
3+ has "een soundin$ 33 has "een rainin$/has rained* has "een postponed 34
has "een hopin$* hasn1t dared 35 have "een %hisperin$* have !ou "een helpin$*
has he "een helpin$ 36 have !ou "een (a)in$* have lost* have "een tr!in$*
have "een thro%in$
1xercise '' 1 -or + -or 3 since 4 -or 5 -or 6 since # since & since ' -or 10 since
11 -or
1+ -or 13 -or 14 -or 15 since 16 since 1# -or 1& since 1' -or +0 since +1 since
++ since
+3 -or +4 since +5 since +6 since +# -or +& since +' since 30 -or 31 -or 3+ since
33 -or 34 -or 35 -or 36 since
1 #uture $%rms
1xercise '* 1 are startin$ + is (a)in$ 3 a( ta)in$ 4 is callin$ 5 is pla!in$ 6
a( (eetin$
# are not startin$ & are !ou $ettin$* a( $oin$* is drivin$ ' is co(in$ 10 are !ou
$ivin$* a( $ivin$ <are "ein$ 1+ is co(in$ 13 are havin$* are $oin$ 14 are !ou
$oin$* a( $oin$ 15 is not $ivin$ 16 a( havin$ 1# a( "u!in$ 1& are "ein$ 1'
a( havin$ +0 is/are (eetin$ +1 are cele"ratin$ ++ a( lendin$ +3 are returnin$
+4 are openin$ +5 are (ovin$ +6 a( not ta)in$
+# are $ettin$ +& are !ou doin$* a( $oin$ +' is -l!in$ 30 is startin$ 31 is
$ivin$* are !ou $oin$ 3+ is "ein$* a( (eetin$ 33 a( catchin$* are !ou leavin$*
a( not ta)in$ 34 is sendin$ 35 a( $oin$* is ta)in$ 36 a( lendin$
1xercise '2 A--ir(ative: the ans%er in each case is a(/is/are / $oin$ to /
in-initive*
e0$0 I are $oin$ to (iss
He$ative ans%ers: am/is/are 3 not 3 going to / in-initive* e0$0 ++ a( not
$oin$ to do
Interro$ative ans%ers: is/are / su"ject / going to / in-initive* e0$0 3 are !ou
$oin$ to pa!
1xercise ': (be going to is possi"le in all these sentences* "ut %here the
present continuous tense is $iven in the )e!* that is the "etter one to use0J
1 a( pla!in$ + is havin$ 3 a( $oin$ to li$ht 4 are havin$ 5 is "ein$* are !ou
135
puttin$* a( puttin$ 6 are !ou $oin$* a( $oin$* a( not "u!in$/a( not $oin$ to
"u! # a( not $oin$ to do 2a( havin$ ' is co(in$* are !ou puttin$* a( puttin$
10 is startin$ II a( spendin$
1+ is $oin$ to "uild 13 are !ou $oin$ to tell* a( $oin$ to tell 14 is startin$ 15 is
openin$ 16 is spea)in$ 1# is closin$ 1& are !ou havin$* a( havin$ 1' a(
collectin$ +0 are ta)in$ +1 a( $ivin$ ++ is sin$in$ +3 is $oin$* is he -l!in$* is
$oin$ +4 is seein$ +5 is he $oin$ to %ash +6 is rin$in$ +# is $oin$ to as) +& are
$ivin$* are invitin$ +' is pla!in$* is pla!in$
30 are launchin$* are !ou co(in$ 31 are !ou $oin$ to do 3+ a( pic)in$ 33 are
!ou $oin$* a( $oin$* is callin$ 34 a( co(petin$ 35 isn1t co(in$ 36 a( $oin$
to read
1xercise '4 A--ir(ative ans%ers: 1st person %ill/shall / in-initive* +nd and
3rd person %ill / in-initive* e0$0 I %ill/shall )no%
He$ative ans%ers: as a"ove %ith not. e0$0 # %ill not/%on1t catch
Interro$ative ans%ers: as a"ove %ith will/shall / su"ject / in-initive*
e0$0 + %ill !ou "e
1xercise '5 Ishall can "e replaced "! %ill in these ans%ers0
3ontractions (a! "e used0J
1 shall reco$niFe + %ill see/a( seein$ I1a( seein$1 i(plies a de-inite
arran$e(entJ 3 is pla!in$ 4 is co(in$ 5 a( $oin$ 6 shall )no% # shall o%e &
shall "elieve ' a( havin$
10 %ill have <is "ein$/%ill "e 1+ is co(in$ 13 is catchin$ 14 are !ou (eetin$*
a(
(eetin$ 15 are !ou ridin$/%ill !ou ride 16 %ill 4rs Pitt sa!* %on1t (ind 1#
%ill it (atter 1& %on1t -or$et 1' is leavin$ +0 shall re(e("er +1 %ill "rea) ++
%ill never -or$ive +3 %ill li)e +4 are la!in$ +5 %ill see +6 %ill $ro% +# %ill
understand +& %ill scratch +' shall "e
30 %on1t pass 31 is $oin$ 3+ a( (ovin$ 33 %ill soon -or$et 34 %ill %ait 35
%on1t %rite
36 %ill "e
1xercise *6 (shall can "e replaced "! will. 3ontractions (a! "e used0J
1 %ill $o + %ill telephone 3 %ill send 4 a( $oin$ to learn 5 are !ou $oin$ to do
6 %ill call* %ill translate # are !ou $oin$ to "u!* a( not $oin$ to eat* a( $oin$
to eat & are !ou $oin$ to redecorate ' a( $oin$ to chan$e* %ill help 10 are !ou
$oin$ to put 11 a( $oin$ to put 1+ are !ou $oin$ to do* a( $oin$ to "e 13 a(
$oin$ to shorten 14 %on1t lend 15 %ill cut 16 a( $oin$ to attend 1# %ill as) 1&
a( $oin$ to open 1' is $oin$ to ta)e +0 %ill as) +1 a( $oin$ to $et ++ a(
$oin$ to develop +3 %ill (a)e +4 are $oin$ to to% +5 a( $oin$ to $ive up/a(
136
$ivin$ up +6 %ill sa! +# %ill lend +& are $oin$ to ra--le +' are $oin$ to clear 30
%ill (end 31 %ill $ive 3+ a( $oin$ to (a)e 33 a( $oin$ to shorten 34 a(
$oin$ to "u! 35 are !ou $oin$ to do 36 a( $oin$ to $ive
1xercise *) 1 %ill !ou open + are !ou $oin$ to do 3 are !ou $oin$ to paint 4
%ill !ou read 5 are !ou $oin$ to eat 6 aren1t !ou $oin$ to cli(" # %ill !ou
listen & %ill !ou put ' %ill !ou have 10 are !ou $oin$ to (a)e 11 aren1t !ou
$oin$ to ans%er 1+ %ill !ou co(e
13 are !ou reall! $oin$ to read 14 are !ou $oin$ to "u!* %ill !ou "u! 15 %ill
!ou lend* are !ou $oin$ to -ish 16 are !ou $oin$ to -inish 1# %ill !ou $ive* are
!ou $oin$ to (a)e 1& are !ou $oin$ to leave 1' are !ou $oin$ to "ath* %ill !ou
help +0 %ill !ou drive +1 are !ou $oin$ to ride ++ are !ou $oin$ to eat +3 %ill
!ou have +4 are !ou reall! $oin$ to call
+5 are !ou $oin$ to paint +6 %ill !ou "e read! +# %ill !ou sit +& %ill !ou do +'
%ill !ou "e an$r! 30 are !ou $oin$ to %or) 31 %ill !ou call 3+ are !ou $oin$ to
%al) 33 %ill !ou si$n 34 are !ou $oin$ to $ive 35 are !ou $oin$ to eplore 36
%ill !ou coo)
1xercise *! 5or( o- a--ir(ative ans%er: shall or will I11J as appropriate / be
/ present participle* e0$0 I shall/%ill "e sittin$0
He$ative ans%er: 1' %on1t "e loo)in$0 Interro$ative ans%ers:
+3 %ill the children "e doin$ +6 %ill the tide "e doin$
1xercise *" Ishall can "e replaced "! %ill in these ans%ers0 3ontractions (a!
"e used0J
1 %ill "e %al)in$ + %ill %al) 3 shall "e "athin$ 4 %ill %ash 5 shall "e doin$ 6
shall "e %or)in$/a( %or)in$ # %ill have & %ill "e loo)in$ ' shall "e
thin)in$/shall thin) 10 %ill asse("le 11 %ill (eet* shall I reco$niFe* %ill "e
%earin$ 1+ %ill leave* shall "e
$oin$/a( $oin$ 13 %ill "e de"atin$/are de"atin$ 14 %ill $o 15 %ill "e %or)in$
16 %ill post* shall "e $oin$/a( $oin$ 1# %ill "e dancin$/%ill dance 1& %ill "e
lettin$ o-- 0 0 0 and (a)in$/%ill let o-- 0 0 0 and (a)e 1' %ill re(ain +0 shall "e
sittin$* %on1t "e readin$
+1 %ill "e $oin$/%ill $o ++ %ill "e chan$in$/%ill chan$e +3 %ill co(e +4 %ill
"rin$ +5 shall all "e livin$ +6 %ill "e $oin$/%ill $o +# shall not "e pla!in$ +&
%ill "e openin$/%ill open +' %ill drive 30 shall "e enterin$ 31 %ill hand 3+
%ill "e arrivin$/%ill arrive
33 %ill "e leavin$ 34 %ill "e usin$ 0 0 0 and leavin$/%ill use0 0 0 and leave 35
%ill "rin$* %ill catch 36 %ill put 1
1xercise *' IIn these ans%ers I/we won't can "e replaced "! I am not going
13#
to/we are not going to %ithout an! chan$e in (eanin$0 It is also
$ra((aticall! possi"le to replace you/he/they won't "! the going to -or(* "ut
this %ould (a)e the ne$ative (uch less e(phatic* shan't is replacea"le "!
won't0J
1 %on1t help + %on1t "e (eetin$ 3 %on1t cut 4 %on1t "e cuttin$ 5 %on1t "e
co(in$/isn1t co(in$ 6 %on1t co(e # %on1t lend & %on1t "e spea)in$/isn1t
spea)in$ ' %on1t %or)
10 shan1t "e %or)in$ 11 %on1t have 1+ shan1t "e teachin$/a( not teachin$ 13
%on1t
spea) 14 shan1t "e %ritin$ 15 %on1t -eed 16 %on1t $o 1# %on1t paint 1& shan1t "e
ta)in$
1' %on1t "orro% +0 %on1t %ash +1 shan1t "e usin$ ++ %on1t send +3 %on1t pla!
+4 %on1t "e sin$in$/isn1t sin$in$ +5 %on1t pla! +6 %on1t "e ta)in$ part/isn1t
ta)in$ part +# %on1t eat +& shan1t "e eatin$ +' %on1t ride 30 %on1t "e
ridin$/isn1t ridin$ 31 %on1t $ive 3+ %on1t "e drin)in$ 33 %on1t open 34 %on1t
tell 35 %on1t eat 36 %on1t "e %earin$
1xercise ** 1 are !ou $oin$ to -eed + are !ou lettin$/are !ou $oin$ to let/%ill
!ou "e lettin$ 3 %ill !ou li$ht 4 are !ou %earin$/are !ou $oin$ to %ear/%ill
!ou "e %earin$ 5 %ill !ou %ear 6 %ill !ou co(e # %ill !ou have & are !ou
havin$/are !ou $oin$ to have ' are !ou $oin$ to stud!/%ill !ou "e stud!in$ 10
%ill !ou "e spea)in$ 11 %ill !ou turn 1+ An! one o- the -our -or(s is possi"le
here: 1:ill !ou ta)e1 i(plies that the (atter has not !et "een decided and that
the spea)er is o--erin$ a choice o- dates0 .he other -or(s %ould i(pl! that the
(atter has alread! "een arran$ed and that the spea)er is (erel! as)in$ -or
in-or(ation0 13 %ill !ou "e listenin$/are !ou $oin$ to listen 14 %ill !ou help
15 %ill !ou "e sta!in$ 16 %ill !ou lend 1# are !ou (eetin$/are !ou $oin$ to
(eet/%ill !ou "e (eetin$
1& %ill !ou co(e 1' %ill !ou have +0 %ill !ou translate +1 %ill !ou "e
usin$/are !ou usin$/are !ou $oin$ to use ++ %ill !ou "e $oin$/are !ou $oin$*
%ill !ou $et +3 %ill !ou co(e +4 %ill !ou "e passin$/are !ou $oin$ to pass/are
!ou passin$* shall "e spendin$/a( $oin$ to spend/a( spendin$* %ill !ou $et +5
are !ou $oin$ to )eep +6 are !ou travellin$/are !ou $oin$ to travel +# are !ou
$oin$ to repair +& %ill !ou hold +' are !ou $oin$/%ill !ou "e $oin$ 30 %ill !ou
)indl! eplain 31 %ill !ou reco$niFe 3+ are !ou sendin$/are !ou $oin$ to send
33 %ill !ou tell 34 are !ou $oin$/%ill !ou "e $oin$
35 are !ou $oin$ to t!pe/%ill !ou "e t!pin$ 36 %ill !ou stop
1xercise *2 (will and will not (a! "e contracted0J
1 shall/%ill + %ill 3 shall 4 shall 5 shall 6 shall # shall & %ill ' shall 10 shall 11
shall 1+ %ill 13 shall 14 shall 15 %ill 16 %ill 1# %ill 1& shall/%ill 1' %ill* %ill
13&
+0 shall +1 %ill ++ shall
+3 %ill +4 shall +5 %ill* shall/%ill +6 %ill +# shall* %ill +& %ill +' shall/%ill 30
shall/%ill
31 shall 3+ %on1t* %on1t 33 %ill 34 shall 35 %ill* %ill 36 shall/%ill
1xercise *: I%ill and shall (a! "e contracted0J
1 returns + are 3 stri)es 4 hears 5 shall/%ill have 6 co(es # turn & $ets ' %on1t
start
10 $oes 11 %ill see 1+ %ill "e 13 shall/%ill lend 14 %ill %a)e 15 %ill he rin$
16 $oes 1# is
1& shall/%ill $ive* co(es 1' see +0 $et +1 shall/%ill $o ++ have +3 %ill -all +4
$oes
+5 arrives +6 li-ts +# %ill $o on +& %ill "eco(e +' %on1t (ove 30 %ill $oon 31
learns 3+ leap 33 shall/%ill have 34 $et 35 "e$ins 36 arrives
1xercise *4 Ans%ers %ill all "e: have / past participle o- the ver" in "rac)ets*
shall can "e used instead o- will -or the 1st person* e0$0 I %ill/shall have ta)en*
will can "e contracted to 'll0
1xercise *5 I3ontractions (a! "e used0J
1 have ta)en + have -inished/-inish 3 have had 4 have "een 5 $oes/has $one 6
$ets/has $ot # has done & have done ' %ill see 10 have had 11 shall/%ill ta)e 1+
$o 13 have seen
14 $oes/has $one 15 %on1t let 16 shall/%ill let 1# sees 1& %on1t hear 1' has
passed/passes +0 has sold +1 have s%ept/s%eep ++ %ill $et +3 %ill $ive +4 sa!s
+5 have returned/return +6 has "een +# have si$ned +& %on1t )no% +' have
su"sided/su"side 30 has le-t
31 shall/%ill have 3+ have had 33 shall/%ill sta! 34 have (ade 35 has eaten 36
%ill co(e/co(e
1xercise 26 Ishould is replacea"le "! %ould in nos0 6* 14* +6* +#* 300J
1 %ould + %ould 3 should 4 %ould 5 %ould 6 should # should & %ould* %ould
' should 10 %ould 11 should 1+ %ould 13 %ould 14 should 15 should 16 %ould
1# should
1& %ould* %ould 1' should +0 %ould +1 should ++ should +3 should +4 should
+5 should +6 should +# should +& %ould +' should 30 should/%ould* %ould 31
should 3+ should* should 33 %ould 34 should 35 should 36 should
1xercise 2) 1 should* should + %ould 3 should 4 should 5 %ould* %ould*
%ould* %ould
6 should # should & %ould* %ould ' should* should/%ould 10 should 11 %ould
1+ %ould* should 13 should 14 should 15 should* %ould 16 should 1# should 1&
13'
%ould* should
1' should +0 %ould +1 should ++ %ould +3 should +4 should +5 %ould* %ould
+6 %ould +# should +& %ould +' should 30 should* should* %ould 31 should 3+
should
33 should/%ould* %ould 34 %ould* %ould 35 should 36 %ould* %ould
2 C%!iti%als
1xercise 2! 1 %ill $ive + stand 3 eats 4 %ill telephone 5 %ill arrest 6 reads #
%ill steal
& doesn1t open ' %ashes 10 needs II don1t $o 1+ (a)es 13 is 14 hears 15 %ill
(a)e 16 %ill "ur! 1# %on1t "e 1& doesn1t start 1' %on1t let or don1t let Iha"itJ
+0 $oes +1 sells ++ %ill !ou repa! +3 rises +4 %or)s +5 turns/%ill turn +6 "urns
+# don1t li)e +& %ill have +' see
30 %ill !ou pro(ise 31 don1t "elieve 3+ li)es 33 %ill (a)e 34 shan1t/%on1t "e
a"le
35 )no%s 36 rin$
Eercise 2" 1 %ould t!pe + )ne% 3 %ould loo) 4 pla!ed 5 %ouldn1t (a)e 6
%ere # had
& %ould !ou visit ' $ave 10 %ould "u! 11 cleaned 1+ %ould !ou "e a"le 13
didn1t "elon$
14 %on 15 %ould !ou do 16 )ne% 1# $ave 1& stopped 1' %ouldn1t co(e +0
sa%
+1 %ould/should "e ++ %ould not "e "itten +3 had +4 did +5 %ould $ro% +6
re(oved
+# %ould )eep +& lived +' "anned/%ere to "an 30 %ould o--er 31 $ot 3+
painted
33 chan$ed 34 %ould !ou spend 35 had 36 %asn1t
1xercise 2' (should in the -ollo%in$ ans%ers (a! "e replaced "! would;
contractions (a! "e used in the a--ir(ative and ne$ative0J
1 should have visited + %ould have %on 3 had arrived 4 had "een 5 should have
"een
6 had not seen # %ould have -allen & %ould !ou have accepted ' had had 10
had )no%n 11 should have o--ered 1+ %ould not have stun$ 13 had realiFed 14
should have stopped 15 should have reached 16 should not have lent 1# had not
sneeFed 1& had put 1' %ould not have $ot +0 %ould not have tried +1 had
spo)en ++ %ould not have "een +3 had )no%n +4 had tried +5 %ould not have
$ot +6 %ould not have put +# had "een +& %ould have co(e +' %ould not have
turned 30 had loo)ed 31 %ould have "een captured 3+ had tried 33 should have
ta)en 34 %ould have saved 35 had not called 36 %ould not have
"urnt
140
1xercise 2* IIn the a--ir(ative and ne$ative shall and should can "e9 replaced
"! will and would respectivel!9 and contractions (a! "e used0 should in
sentences 1* #* 11 ho%ever does not chan$e0J
1 -ind/should -ind + shall have 3 %ill happen 4 had had 5 %ill !ou sta! 6 %ould
!ou choose # $ets/should $et & co(es ' %ill sit 10 didn1t tal) II shall/should I
do 1+ had read 13 had 14 shall $o 15 %ould !ou do 16 run 1# %ill not "e 1&
co(es 1' %ould not have +0 had %orn +1 leaves ++ %ill -all +3 don1t chan$e +4
should not have "ou$ht +5 hun$ +6 %ould "e a"le to/could +# should have
"rou$ht +& %ould have "een +' %ould not have printed 30 should not "u! 31
%ant 3+ %on1t "e 33 %ould ju(p 34 %ould ans%er 35 had (ade
36 had )no%n
1xercise 22 Gpen-ended sentences0 Ho ans%ers $iven0
1xercise 2: 1 could I spea) + spea)in$ 3 could !ou co(e and do 4 couldn1t 5
could co(e 6 could !ou co(e # could $et* %ould & %ouldn1t* %ould* leave '
thou$ht !ou said
10 could $et* couldn1t (a)e 11 havin$* doesn1t li)e 1+ is al%a!s tr!in$*
cleanin$* thin)s/sa!s 13 does she %ant/%ould she li)e !ou to do 14 %ould li)e/
%ants (e to %or)
15 sa!s/thin)s it %ould "e 16 %or)ed* %ould )no% 1# are !ou reall! thin)in$
1& li)e* li)e 1' %ould $et +0 %ould :ednesda! suit +1 %ould* to co(e ++ %ill*
let +3 %ill* %on1t
+4 %ill* do
3 I$iitive
1xercise 24 1 do + sin$ 3 to s%i( 4 to live 5 to $o* rain 6 sa!* understand # to
see
& repeat ' use 10 as)* use 11 to $et* start 1+ re(e("er 13 to do 14 to $o* %ait
15 leave
16 open 1# ItoJ ar$ue 1& to s(o)e 1' ItoJ (ove +0 pla! +1 to accept ++ to
arrive
+3 )no% +4 %ait +5 tell +6 send +# $o* to (eet +& to have +' leave* %ant* to
ta)e 30 to $o* (a)e* $o 31 $o* to visit 3+ to )no%* to live 33 not to in-or(* ItoJ
diso"e!
34 co(e* sta! 35 ta)e* (a)e* drin) 36 to disappoint* let* have
1xercise 25 1 to "e + %ish to (a)e 3 %ant* to )no% 4 re(e("er* loo) 5 to
141
learn*
to )no% 6 to "e # not to -eed & see* to spea) ' to travel* to arrive 10 )no%* to
use* sho% 11 to si$n 1+ open/openin$* (ove/(ovin$ 13 to (a)e* "elieve 14 to
have (issed* $o
15 sha)e/sha)in$ 16 to tr!* to co(e 1# $o* pro(ise* not to tell 1& li)e to co(e*
%al)
1' to as)* to tell* to $et +0 to put* ItoJ )eep +1 to read* ans%er ++ sho%* to open
+3 sa!*
to sa! +4 to "e +5 %ant* to tell* to call* to discuss +6 to $ive* see/"e seein$* not
to -or$et +# open/openin$* thro%/thro%in$ +& to carr!* help +' to pic)* to
handle 30 rash/crashin$*
"urst/"urstin$ 31 to do* %ait* to let 3+ cro%/cro%in$ 33 tell* "e* to chec) 34
co(e* $o* "e/have "een 35 to learn 36 "e* loo)
1xercise :6 Ho ans%ers $iven0
1xercise :) 1 too !oun$ to have + too cold to "athe 3 so )ind as to
ans%er/)ind enou$h to ans%er 4 too old to %ear 5 lon$ enou$h to reach 6
enou$h (one! to live on # too -urious to spea) & hot enou$h to "oil ' -oolish
enou$h to tell/so -oolish as to tell 10 thin
enou$h to slip 11 too ill to eat 1+ too %ide to $et throu$h 13 stron$ enou$h to
dance on 14 too terri-ied to (ove 15 "i$ enou$h to har( 16 stron$ enou$h to
)eep 1# too deep to %ade 1& too laF! to $et up 1' earl! enou$h to catch +0 so
$ood as to -or%ard/$ood enou$h to -or%ard +1 thic) enou$h to %al) on ++ too
drun) to ans%er +3 too cold to have +4 rash enou$h to set o--/so rash as to set
o-- +5 hi$h enou$h to see +6 old enou$h to understand +# too sno""ish to tal)
+& too thic) to push throu$h +' too (ean to $ive
30 too i(patient to listen 31 too tired to %al) 3+ not dar) enou$h to see 33 hot
enou$h to -r! 34 too "itter to eat 35 so )ind as to turn do%n/)ind enou$h to turn
do%n
36 too sel-ish to put
1xercise :! 1 to leave + onl! to -ind 3 Aou are to $o 4 so )ind as to lend/)ind
enou$h to lend 5 to (end/to "e (ended 6 to hear # -or hi( to hear & It %as
stupid o- (e to "e rude ' to pla! %ith 10 -or ever!one to )no% 11 to sit 1+ onl!
to -ind 13 It %as ver! "rave o- hi( to rush 14 to %ear 15 <e is epected to
"roadcast 16 to coo) in 1# onl! to learn 1& to open it %ith 1' see(s to have
"een co((itted +0 Is he li)el! to arrive +1 just a"out to leave ++ Aou are to "e
(et +3 -or the( to have +4 <e is said to have "een +5 to continue the stri)e +6
)ind enou$h to translate/so )ind as to translate +# -or us to leave +& It %as
stupid o- !ou to si$n +' 2he is said to have 30 to s%i( 31 <e is "elieved to "e
3+ <e
14+
appears to have "een )illed 33 to realiFe 34 .he earth is said to have "een 35
onl! to discover 36 .he (urderer is said to "e hidin$
1xercise :" (should is replacea"le "! ought to.
1 (ust have "een + can1t/couldn1t have seen* (ust have drea(t 3 (a!/(i$ht
have "ro)en
4 needn1t have carried 5 should have $one 6 %ere to have "een # can1t/couldn1t
have "een* (ust have "een & shouldn1t have eaten ' (a!/(i$ht not have
understood 10 needn1t have $iven 11 (ust have escaped 1+ shouldn1t have lied
13 (a!/(i$ht have "een* can1t/couldn1t have "een 14 (ust have coo)ed 15
needn1t have "rou$ht 16 (ust have told 1# %as to have unveiled 1& (a!/(i$ht
have "een 1' (ust have (et +0 should have done
+1 can1t/couldn1t have cau$ht ++ needn1t have opened +3 (ust have "etra!ed +4
shouldn1t have driven +5 could have cli("ed +6 %ould have as)ed +# should
have "een a"olished
+& shouldn1t/needn1t have "oiled +' %as to have pla!ed 30 (a!/(i$ht have
"een 31 should have ta)en 3+ (ust have had 33 (a!/(i$ht/could have -allen
34 (ust have "een
35 needn1t have translated 36 shouldn1t have loo)ed
1xercise :' II1d is replacea"le "! I should, should Io"li$ationJ is replacea"le
"! ought to in nos0 5* '* 13* 1#0 may/might in the a--ir(ative is nor(all!
replacea"le "! could.
1 %as to have (arried + needn1t have repeated 3 see(s to have "een 4 %ere to
have set out 5 shouldn1t have eaten* (a!/(i$ht have "een I(a! indicates that
the dan$er is still present9 might that it is overJ0 6 (ust have %or)ed # needn1t
have "rou$ht & I1d li)e
to have "athed/I1d have li)ed to "athe/I1d have li)ed to have "athed ' should
have %ritten 10 %ouldn1t have co(e 11 (i$ht/should have told* %ould have
$one* %ouldn1t have li)ed 1+ (a!/(i$ht have "een* can1t/couldn1t have "een 13
needn1t/shouldn1t have "ou$ht
14 can1t/couldn1t have "een 15 see(s to have enjo!ed 16 (ust have "een 1#
should have stood 1& %as to have $one 1' I1d li)e to have photo$raphed/I1d
have li)ed to photo$raph/I1d have li)ed to have photo$raphed +0 (ust have
"een +1 (a!/(i$ht
have "een ++ can1t/couldn1t have "een drivin$ +3 (ust have ta)en +4
(a!/(i$ht not have +5 I1d li)e to have $one/I1d have li)ed to $o/I1d have li)ed
to have $one +6 can1t/couldn1t have seen +# (a! have "een +& (a!/(i$ht have
"een started +' (ust have had
30 (a!/(i$ht have read* can1t/couldn1t have read* (ust have told 31 (a!/(i$ht
have "een %aitin$ 3+ (ust have (isheard 33 (i$ht have "orro%ed 34 I1d li)e
143
to have as)ed/I1d have li)ed to as)/I1d have li)ed to have as)ed 35 (ust have
"een 36 is said to have "een
4 Geru!& i$iitive a! "artici"les
1xercise :2 1 seein$ + havin$ 3 to (eet 4 to %or) 5 to see 6 %aitin$ # not to
touch & to loc)* $oin$ ' not to spea) 10 "ehavin$ II to eplain* to listen 1+
s(o)in$ 13 to )no%
14 to dis$uise* dressin$ 15 to %ait 16 sho%in$* to %or) 1# %al)in$* catch up 1&
to understand 1' eceedin$ +0 pla!in$* doin$ +1 to in-or( ++ overhearin$ +3
s(o)in$* to s(o)e +4 $oin$* sa!in$ +5 %ritin$* %aitin$ +6 to avoid "ein$ +#
$ivin$* to spea) +& to persuade* to a$ree +' cleanin$* to "e cleaned* to do 30
shuttin$* sittin$ 31 sneeFin$* sittin$ 3+ tal)in$* to -inish 33 to $ive up jo$$in$
34 stoppin$* -or$ettin$ to %ind 35 realiFin$*
helpin$ 36 to (a)e* ru""in$
1xercise :: 1 ans%erin$* rin$ + lettin$* chase* "ein$ 3 drivin$* "ein$ driven 4
to start loo)in$ 5 lendin$* to cash 6 =!in$* sittin$ # to $o & ne$lectin$ to ta)e '
to sho%* to use 10 $oin$* to see/seein$ 11 telephonin$* as)in$* to loo) 1+
hearin$* not to enter 13 to have* %ritin$ 14 to ans%er* repl!in$ 15 to eplain* to
listen* $ru("lin$ 16 o--erin$* to leave* ItoJ %or) 1# (a)in$* to do 1& havin$ to
$et up 1' to -or$et* %orr!in$
+0 re(ainin$* to help* to sta! +1 to run* to have recovered ++ listenin$* hearin$
+3 to learn* readin$* listenin$ +4 to start* to %ait +5 discussin$* havin$ reached
+6 havin$* to ride +# ItoJ leave* (eetin$* reco$niFe +& pa!in$ +' to $ive 30
interruptin$* repeatin$
31 cuttin$* to $o 3+ "u!in$* sellin$ 33 $ivin$* to eplain 34 as)in$* tellin$* to
"u! 35 to tell* loo)in$ 36 to "e* to erupt/eruptin$
1xercise :4 1 to ride* to do* co(in$* to co(e + spendin$* earnin$ 3 "ein$* to
apolo$iFe
4 to eat 5 %or)in$* spendin$ 6 loo)in$* "ein$ # postin$ & to loc)* $o* do ' to
learn* sa!in$ 10 tr!in$ to interrupt* to %ait* tal)in$ 11 doin$* to (ove/(ovin$
1+ leavin$* to $o 13 to drin) 14 "ein$* to %ait 15 tr!in$ to (a)e* addin$ 16
$oin$* sta! 1# to loo)* ItoJ ta)e* loo)in$* to do 1& $ettin$ up* %al)in$ 1'
listenin$* listenin$ +0 to (a)e/(a)in$* to see
+1 doin$ ++ to put* to prevent* cli("in$ +3 ta)in$* to eat +4 rin$in$* as)in$* to
do
+5 %aitin$* to clear* to set +6 repeat* to (a)e* to do +# leavin$* sendin$* to to%
+& "orro%in$* as)in$* to do +' to o--end* anno!in$ 30 to "e a"le to tell* $aFin$
31 $ettin$*
to %al) 3+ to as)* to leave 33 settin$* havin$ "een 34 to $o 35 to $o* ItoJ tr! to
save* cuttin$ 36 earn* scru""in$* (a)e* "lac)(ailin$
144
1xercise :5 1 "e$innin$ to slip/"e$in to slip/"e$in slippin$* to save* -allin$ +
-allin$* tr!in$ to )eep 3 to lend* ta)in$ 4 to open 5 readin$* to read 6 to "oo)* to
)eep* to lose
# to avoid "ein$* "ein$/to "e* %aitin$ & to $et* to as) ' (a)in$* spea)/spea)in$
10 to %in* cheatin$ 11 -irin$/to -ire* $raFe 1+ stri)e/stri)in$* to $et 13
rin$in$/rin$* to "e co(in$ to open 14 to $o* to $ive 15 to put* ItoJ %atch*
chan$e/chan$in$ 16 to see* to avoid hittin$ 1# to "e* crac)lin$ 1& cli("in$* to
eplain* to sa!* to let* $o 1' convincin$* to $et* leap +0 drivin$* doin$* to do +1
to sit* ItoJ hear* ho%lin$ ++ $ettin$* cli("in$* to do +3 roar/roarin$* to
(ove/(ovin$* %avin$ +4 %ritin$* to do* to $o* see +5 %al)in$* to
cross* thin)in$* to chase +6 to "e havin$* thuddin$ +# $ettin$* to pa! +& to
co(e* standin$ +' to li)e (a)in$ and -l!in$ 0 0 0 doin$ 30 to arrive* risin$ 31
sa%in$* -all/-allin$ 3+ to see/seein$* cr!in$/cr! 33 ju(p/ju(pin$* -all/-allin$
34 to %a)e* ItoJ hear* "eatin$
35 "e$innin$ to roll/"e$in to roll/"e$in rollin$* to do* to stop 36 lau$hin$*
slippin$/slip
1xercise 46 1 Nno%in$ that he %as poor* I o--ered + <avin$ "arricaded the
%indo%s* %e asse("led 3 Beco(in$ tired o- (! co(plaints* she turned it o-- 4
5indin$/havin$ -ound no one at ho(e* he le-t 5 <opin$ to -ind the %ill* she
searched 6 <avin$ re(oved all traces o- his cri(e* he le-t # KealiFin$ that he
had (issed the train* he "e$an & Ehausted "! his %or)* he thre% ' <avin$
spent all his (one!* he decided 10 <avin$ escaped -ro( prison* he loo)ed 11
<avin$ heard the stor! "e-ore* she didn1t %ant 1+ <avin$ -ound the (one!*
the! "e$an 13 Enterin$ the roo( suddenl!* she -ound 14 .urnin$ on the li$ht* I
%as
15 <avin$ visited the (useu(* %e decided 16 .hin)in$ %e %ere lost* he
o--ered
1# <avin$ -ound his revolver and loaded it* he sat 1& KealiFin$ that she
couldn1t (ove it alone* she as)ed 1' <avin$ -ed the do$* he sat +0 Addressin$
the con$re$ation* he said
+1 .hin)in$ he had (ade a (ista)e so(e%here* he %ent ++ =oo)in$/havin$
loo)ed throu$h the -ashion (a$aFines* I realiFe +3 .he tree* uprooted "! the
$ale* had -allen
+4 People sleepin$ in the net roo( %ere +5 Nno%in$ that the (urderer %as
still at
lar$e* I %as +6 <avin$ stolen the silver* he loo)ed +# 2oa)ed to the s)in* %e
reached +& 2ittin$/2eated in the -ront ro%* and usin$ 0 0 0 I sa% +' 0 0 0 sittin$ "!
the -ire* !ou %ill ta)e 30 Nno%in$ that 0 0 0 * I didn1t li)e 31 Believin$ that she
could trust hi(* she $ave
3+ 2lates* ripped o-- "! the $ale* -ell 33 .he lion* -indin$ his ca$e door open
and seein$ no si$n o- his )eeper* le-t 34 .he $overn(ent* tr!in$ to ta people
145
accordin$ to the siFe o- their houses* once put a ta 35 <avin$ heard that the
caves %ere dan$erous* I didn1t li)e 36 :earin$ etre(el! -ashiona"le clothes
and surrounded "! photo$raphers and press (en* she s%ept
1xercise 4) I :hen leavin$ a car 0 0 0 !ou (ust leave the "ra)es + As/:hen I
%as %adin$ etc0 or :adin$ across 0 0 0 I %as s%ept o-- (! -eet "! 3 :hen a
tan) is "ein$ -illed/:hen !ou are -illin$ a tan) 4 Kunnin$ into the roo(* she
cau$ht her -oot on a ru$ and -ell
5 :hen I read the letter 6 :hen carr!in$ 0 0 0 !ou should never point it # :hen
plantin$ 0 0 0 !ou (ust ta)e care & In his -irst race* the horse he %as ridin$ -ell '
:hen pa!in$ "! che8ue* !ou (ust sho% 10 Nno%in$ (e to "e 0 0 0* he %as
astonished to hear that II As he "elieved that 1+ As I passed/ or As/:hen I %as
passin$ 13 :hen I a( readin$/:hen I read 14 As he le-t 15 I led the do$*
"ar)in$ -uriousl!* out 16 A-ter I had paid (! taes* the a(ount 1# As I %as
%ritin$ 1& .he "oat* tied to a post* %as "ein$ tossed up and do%n "! the sea 1'
As the 8uestion had "een (isunderstood* the %ron$ ans%er +0 :e sa% the -irst
star* shinin$ in the s)! +1 It is eas! to have an accident %hen one is/!ou are
drivin$
++ .he (an sa% a notice pinned to the door +3 .he! read the %ords 1Ho Entr!1
%ritten in +4 :hile he %as cleanin$ his $un it %ent o-- +5 :hen/As I %as
%onderin$ %here to $o* an advertise(ent +6 As I rushed out o- the house* a
lorr! +# As I sat "! the -ire* it all co(es "ac) +& :e thou$ht he %ould never
survive a-ter -allin$ -ro( +' :hen a -use is "ein$ chan$ed* the electricit! 0 0 0
or :hen !ou are chan$in$ a -use !ou should s%itch
30 I sa% a trailer %ith a "oat on it "ein$ to%ed "ehind 31 As he %as sittin$ at
the -oot 0 0 0 a stone -ell 3+ .he road %as "loc)ed "! a hu$e tree I%hich had
"eenJ uprooted 33 :hen he drove to %or) the tra--ic ja(s in-uriated hi( 34 As
I sat in the dentist1s chair an idea
35 I -elt sure that 0 0 0 %ould )ill hi(* %ea)ened as he %as "! his last illness 36
A scorpion "it hi( as he $ot out o- "ed
5 Passive
1xercise 4! I %ine should "e opened 0 0 0 "e-ore it is used + steps had "een cut
3 (! shoes had "een cleaned and (! suit "rushed 4 roo( is used 5 nails (ust
not "e ha((ered 6 pi$s are used # a li$ht %as s%itched on and the door opened
& picture had "een slashed
' theatre is "ein$ pulled do%n 10 %asn1t the roo- (ended 11 All the shop
%indo%s %ere "ro)en 1+ s!ste( %as "ein$ started "ecause "oo)s %ere not
"ein$ returned 13 each o- us
%as as)ed 14 re-resh(ents %ill "e served 15 "ic!cles (ust not "e le-t 16 "oo)s
(a! "e )ept 0 0 0 the! (ust "e returned 1# hole had "een cut 1& it is "ein$
delivered 1' he has alread! "een told +0 "ells %ere run$ +1 nothin$ can "e
146
done unless %e are $iven (ore
++ -ar (ore is "ein$ spent on -ood no% than %as spent +3 paintin$s %ill "e
ehi"ited
+4 nothin$ (ore %ill "e said 0 0 0 i- the 0 - 0 $un is returned +5 he %as told +6
4! do$ %as
stolen and "rou$ht "ac) onl! %hen a D+0 re%ard %as o--ered0 +# he %as $iven
t%o %ee)s +& -lo%ers are (ade
1xercise 4" I seals are -ed + %ho %as it %ritten "!@ 3 co(pare clothes %ashed
"! us %ith clothes %ashed "! an! other 4 he epected to "e o--ered 5 she %as
sho%n 6 oa) %as struc) "! li$htnin$ # it couldn1t have "een painted "! .0
"ecause that )ind o- dress %asn1t %orn & she %as stun$ "! a jell!-ish ' special
edition -or 0 0 0 has "een %ritten 10 her"s used to "e carried "! jud$es 11 %hat
%as it %ritten %ith@ It %as %ritten %ith 1+ shot %as
succeeded "! an uneas! silence 13 %ere !ou interested "! the idea@ 14 he %as
$iven details 15 da(s are (ade "! "eavers 16 en$ines used to "e started "!
hand* no% the! are started "! electricit! 1# this %as opposed "! (ost people
1& a lot o- the %or) is "ein$ done "! students 1' doc) %as to have "een opened
"! the P4 +0 .he! reco((end that ne% -actories should "e opened +1 a lot o-
(en %ill "e (ade redundant "! the closure
++ instructions could "e understood "! an!one +3 children 0 0 0 %ill not "e
ad(itted +4 ship is to "e (anned "! "o!s +5 ca(p %as -looded "! a rainstor(
+6 <e %as )ept a%a)e all ni$ht "! the ho%lin$ +# .he! su$$ested that the tests
should "e (ade +& All this da(a$e couldn1t have "een done "! children
1xercise 4' I %h! don1t !ou $et an oculist to test !our e!es@ + the authorities
are to introduce this 0 0 0 li(it 3 the! are len$thenin$ the run%a!s 4 nurses are
%a)enin$ patients 5 people sa! that B0 lived 6 British -isher(en (ust o--er an!
stur$eon that the! catch to
the ,ueen # so(eone has altered this notice & s8uatters have "een usin$ their
house"oat
' the! %ere to%in$ the 0 0 0 ship 10 $et a "uilder to put in a li-t 11 .he -ir(
(ade a pro-it 0 0 0 "ut a loss o- 0 0 0 %hich the! (ade 0 0 0 cancelled this 1+ $uests
%ill %ear evenin$ dress 13 the authorities put the ship 0 0 0 and -or"ade
passen$ers and cre% 14 %e shall have to -ind so(eone 15 .he! (ade hi(
surrender his passport 16 our opponents (ust have started 1# the He% Arts
Galler! is to ehi"it (! paintin$s 1& eperts have proved that this scienti-ic
theor! is -alse 1' the! are to salva$e the car %hich the %ind "le% +0 police are
$uardin$ the house %here the! -ound the dead (an to prevent an!one -ro(
enterin$ it and
inter-erin$ %ith the evidence +1 %h! didn1t !ou either loc) the car or put it ++
people are sa!in$ that the $overn(ent is spendin$ too little (one! +3 !ou
14#
could put !our (one! to $ood use instead o- leavin$ it idle +4 people "elieved
that the earth %as -lat +5 no one
has read this cop!: no one has cut the pa$es +6 the police led a%a! the student
%ho thre% the stones +# people sa! that earl! E$!ptian and Gree) sailors used
carrier pi$eons +& a stron$ police $uard %as escortin$ the re-eree
6 I!irect s"eec'
1xercise 4* IIn (an! o- these ea(ples other pronouns %ould "e e8uall!
correct0J
1 told her I had 0 0 0 to sho% her + said nothin$ $re% in her $arden 0 0 0 it never
$ot 3 told his (other he %as $oin$ a%a! the net da! 4 said he had "een 0 0 0 he
hadn1t had
5 re(ar)ed that it %asn1t so -o$$! that da! as it had "een the da! "e-ore 6 said
that the
underpass %as "ein$ opened t%o da!s later # said the! had (oved into their
-lat "ut the! didn1t li)e it 0 0 0 their last one & said the! had 0 0 0 it didn1t %or) '
said that 0 0 0 %indo%s o- his -lat he could see 10 said she1d no idea %hat the
ti(e %as "ut she1d dial 11 his %i-e had just "een (ade 1+ said she1d co(e %ith
(e 0 0 0 she %as 13 said he had 0 0 0 that a-ternoon 000 he hadn1t done his
ho(e%or) 14 %arned her i- she let 0 0 0 she %ould scorch her clothes
15 pointed out I hadn1t $iven hi( 0 0 0 "ill %as 0 0 0 I1d paid hi( 16 En$lish(en
(ade 0 0 0 the! %ere 1# she li)ed (en 0 0 0 she didn1t li)e the( 0 0 0 2he pre-erred
0 0 0 (en loo)ed sill! 1& .he report stated that the ne% Kolls Ko!ce ran 0 0 0 all
!ou could hear %as 0 0 0
.he 4ana$in$ ?irector replied that the!1d have 1' said she didn1t )no% 0 0 0 her
plu(s0 2he supposed Isaid she supposedJ she1d have to 0 0 0 trou"le %as no one
in her -a(il! ate +0 eplained the! li)ed %or)in$ 0 0 0 the! $ot +1 that he %as 0 0
0 and he did all his o%n
++ told Eoan she could )eep that one i- she li)ed as he had +3 said he %as $oin$
-ishin$ %ith his (other that a-ternoon and the! %ere just $oin$ +4 told her she
had $ot (! u("rella and that hers %as in her "edroo( +5 eplained to his
client that he )ne% %hat the! had said "ecause he had "u$$ed +6 said he1d sit
up till she ca(e in "ut he hoped she %ouldn1t +# told (e that i- I $ave hi( 0 0 0
he1d 0 0 0 -or (e +& said she had 0 0 0 it didn1t see( 0 0 0 to her %ei$ht +' said it
%as 0 0 0 and that he used one o- the( hi(sel- 30 said her ne% house %as
supposed to "e 0 0 0 "ut that so -ar she hadn1t seen 31 said that i- %e ans%ered all
the 8uestions 0 0 0 %e (i$ht %in 3+ said that i- he pressed his ear 0 0 0 he could
hear 0 0 0 %ere sa!in$
1xercise 42 I2ee note a"ove )e! to Eercise &00 :here there is no
14&
introductor! ver"* use 1000 said IthatJ 0 0 01JJ
1 he hadn1t "een a"le to $et 0 0 0 he had lost his )e!* so he had had to "rea) + the
(irror %as there 0 0 0 he could see hi(sel- %hen he %as dancin$ 3 told hi( she
had %ritten to hi( t%o da!s "e-ore and %ondered %h! he hadn1t 4 i- the $round
%as dr! 0 0 0 his horse
(i$ht %in 5 advised (e to slo% do%n as there %as 6 said that i- .o( %anted 0 0
0 he1d "etter appl! # the! had %al)ed 0 0 0 the previous ni$ht 0 0 0 protest a"out
their rent0 .he 4inister had "een 0 0 0 had pro(ised 0 0 0 %hat he could -or the(
& said the! should
put tra--ic li$hts there* other%ise there1d "e ' told the( it %as ti(e the! "e$an
trainin$ -or their 0 0 0 10 said to (e that i- I le-t 0 0 0 I should "e there 11 i- it
rained that a-ternoon it %ould "e 0 0 0 the -ollo%in$ da! 1+ told her $uest she
had (eant 0 0 0 she had plu$$ed
0 0 0 2he %as al%a!s doin$ 13 he had "een intendin$ 0 0 0 the net da! 0 0 0 didn1t
thin) he1d "e 14 told 4rs 2(ith that Bill should do 0 0 0 he had done ver! %ell at
the school 15 told her hus"and she didn1t thin) his -ather li)ed her 16 told her
the stea) %as 0 0 0 and
said/added that he %as not co(plainin$ "ut %as just pointin$ 0 0 0 she said she
%ished he1d stop 1# reported that the "ur$lars hadn1t "een a"le 0 0 0 had carried it
1& told (e that i- I sa% her -ather I1d reco$niFe hi( 0 0 0 <e %as 1' he had
-ound 0 0 0 the da! "e-ore 0 0 0
%as $oin$ 0 0 0 that a-ternoon +0 he had $ot out 0 0 0 %hile he %as standin$ 0 0 0
the $ears IhadJ en$a$ed 0 0 0 and the "oat had $one/%ent +1 sa!s he has done ++
as)ed i- he %ould li)e (e to $o %ith hi(0 <e said he1d rather $o 0 0 0 or, I
o--ered to $o %ith hi(* "ut
he said +3 told (e I (i$ht ta)e his car i- I li)ed and said he %ouldn1t "e
needin$ it the net da! or the da! a-ter that +4 that the previous da! .o( and
she had $one/"een to loo) 0 0 0 he %as thin)in$ 0 0 0 It %as rather 0 0 0 and had a
lovel! $arden "ut .o( had decided 0 0 0 %as opposite +5 his %i-e %anted to ta)e
0 0 0 he1d rather she concentrated on their ho(e
+6 she didn1t )no% %hat (! -ather %ould sa! %hen he sa% 0 0 0 (! puppies had
(ade o- the D5 note +# it %as hi$h ti(e I passed (! test9 she %as tired +& said I
%ished she had seen it
1xercise 4: 1 as)ed %hat had happened + as)ed %hich 0 0 0 IhadJ inherited 3
as)ed %ho %as $oin$ 4 as)ed %hat %ould happen 5 as)ed %hich tea( had %on
6 as)ed %hich tea( IhadJ %on # as)ed %ho %as pla!in$ the -ollo%in$ %ee) &
as)ed %ho %ould "e u(pirin$
' as)ed %ho %anted 10 as)ed %ho had just dropped 11 as)ed %here the 0 0 0
o--ice %as
1+ as)ed %hat she should do %ith her 0 0 0 13 as)ed %hat plat-or( the train le-t
14'
14 as)ed %hen it arrived 15 as)ed %hen the ti(eta"le had "een chan$ed 16
as)ed %h! the +030 had "een 0 0 0 1# as)ed ho% (uch a da! return cost 1& as)ed
%h! the price %ent up 1' as)ed ho% he could $et +0 as)ed %hen the! %ere
co(in$ +1 as)ed i- a return 0 0 0 %as ++ as)ed i- puppies travelled +3 as)ed i-
she could "rin$ her do$ 0 0 0 %ith her +4 as)ed i- the train stopped +5 as)ed i-
!ou could telephone +6 as)ed i- the +040 had +# as)ed i- !ou could $et +&
as)ed i- the! "rou$ht +' as)ed i- there %ere 30 as)ed i- he had
1xercise 44 I as)ed %hat countr! I ca(e -ro( + as)ed ho% lon$ I1d "een here
3 as)ed i- I %as %or)in$ 4 as)ed i- I had 5 as)ed %hat I %as $oin$ to stud! 6
as)ed i- I had enrolled
# as)ed i- I %anted to "u! & as)ed i- I had seen ' as)ed i- I pla!ed 10 as)ed i- I
%ould have 11 as)ed i- I had pla!ed -or (! 0 0 0 1+ as)ed i- I %as interested 13
as)ed i- I %ould li)e 14 as)ed %hat I thou$ht
Each o- the -ollo%in$ %ill "e$in: she as)ed/%anted to no%/en8uired 15 ho%
lon$ it had "een 16 i- I li)ed 1# i- he %as 1& ho% (an! 0 0 0 there %ere 1' ho%
"i$ the classes %ere
+0 i- the classes %ere +1 %hat the acade(ic standard %as li)e ++ i- parents
could visit
+3 i- there %as +4 i- the! tau$ht +5 %hat 0 0 0 could the children learn +6 i- there
%as +# i- the! acted +& %hat 0 0 0 pla!s the! had done +' %hat $a(es the!
pla!ed 30 i- the -ields %ere 31 i- the! %ere tau$ht 3+ i- the children could $et
33 i- the -ood %as $ood 34 i- there %as 35 ho% o-ten it (et 36 i- our "o!s had
"een/%ere happ!
1xercise 45 Iif is interchan$ea"le %ith whether ecept in conditional
sentences0J
1 as)ed %h! he %as loo)in$ + as)ed %ho had put 0 0 0 in his co--ee 3 as)ed
%hich o- the( )ne% 4 as)ed %h! he had travelled 5 in8uired ho% she could
run in hi$h-heeled shoes 6 as)ed the( %hat their ne% house %as li)e # as)ed
%here he %as supposed to $o & as)ed hi( %hose car he had "orro%ed the
previous ni$ht ' as)ed (e %hat she %as/had "een %earin$ %hen I sa% her last
10 as)ed %ho o%ned the revolver 11 as)ed 4r E0 %here he had "een the
previous ni$ht 1+ as)ed the "o! %hat else he had seen 13 as)ed %hether he had
done that sort 14 as)ed her i- she could read 15 in8uired %hether the! had
understood %hat I had said to the( 16 as)ed the custo(er i- he %as "ein$
attended to 1# as)ed hi( i- he %ould $o 0 0 0 the others did 1& as)ed 4ar! i- she
sa% %hat he sa% 1' in8uired %ho had le-t +0 as)ed hi( i- he had $one 0 0 0 and
i- he %anted +1 as)ed %h! his house %as 0 0 0 and %hether his -ather had "een
++ as)ed i- he %as leavin$ that da! or the -ollo%in$ (ornin$ +3 as)ed ho% -ar
it %as and ho% lon$ it %ould ta)e +4 as)ed i- he could spea) to 4rs Pitt0 .he
150
au pair $irl ans%ered that she %as a-raid she %as out and as)ed i- she could
ta)e +5 as)ed the little "o! i- he %as sorr! -or %hat he had done +6 as)ed her i-
she %as $oin$ to +# as)ed the %o(an i- she %ould (ind i- he loo)ed inside her
"a$ +& as)ed the student i- he %ould )no% %hat to do i- so(eone -ell at his
-eet +' as)ed her %h! she
thou$ht it (i$ht "e 30 as)ed hi( i- he )ne%0 0 0shoes he %as %earin$ %eren1t
1xercise 56 I.he -ollo%in$ are possi"le ans%ers0 Gther introductor! ver"s are
o-ten possi"le0J
1 <e told her to s%itch o-- the .6 + 2he told .o( to shut 3 I as)ed 4ar! to
lend (e her pen 4 I %arned the( not to %atch 5 <e %arned (e not to "elieve
ever!thin$ I heard 6 as)ed (e to -ill up the # I told the( not to hurr! & %arned
4ar! not to touch the s%itch
' ordered the "an) cler) to open 10 "e$$ed (e to do as he said II told Peter to
help his (other 1+ told the children not to (a)e 13 told us to do %hatever %e
li)ed 14 %arned the( not to (iss their train 15 advised his client to read it
"e-ore he si$ned it 16 "e$$ed her to sin$ it a$ain 1# %arned us not to put our
hands 1& advised hi( to "u! 1' "e$$ed hi( not to drive +0 told the "o!s not to
lean their "ic!cles a$ainst his %indo%s +1 as)ed her to co(e %ith hi( ++
advised her to coo) it +3 %arned the lad! not to touch +4 told the "o!s not to
ar$ue %ith hi( +5 told hi( to pull as hard as he could +6 ordered the porter to
send +# advised us not to lend +& told us to (a)e a list o- %hat %e %anted
+' told her to loo) 30 %arned the people on the plat-or( to stand clear 31
as)ed the children to see i- the! could 3+ %arned her not to $o 33 as)ed the
custo(er to pa! 34 the notice told us to leave the space clear 35 I re(inded
the( to %rite to their 36 %arned her to thin) %ell "e-ore she ans%ered
1xercise 5) I2ee note a"ove )e! to Eercise '00J
1 told (e to $et out o- his + ordered (e to cli(" 3 as)ed the custo(er to pa! 4
as)ed her to open her 5 told 4rs P0 not to %orr! "ut ItoJ leave it all to hi( 6
%arned hi( not to use # told the tai-driver to -ollo% the car & reco((ended
(e to %ash ' ur$ed (e to have con-idence in hi( 10 told the li-t-(an to ta)e
hi( 11 advised the passen$ers to read
1+ told her al%a!s to coo)0 0 0 and never to use 13 told hi( not to ar$ue %ith his
14 re(inded (e to prune 15 told her to %ait -or hi( 16 advised her not to eat 0 0
0 and to avoid 1# advised (e not to sa! 1& the notice told/as)ed people not to
as) 1' told her not to -or$et +0 advised/told (e to cross +1 as)ed hi( to %rite
to her as o-ten as he could
++ told hi( to put his +3 as)ed the porter to -ind hi( +4 told (e not to -or$et
(! +5 told the children not to $o +6 told his (en to search +# told her not to
151
(a)e +& told/%arned hi( to put the $un do%n as it %as loaded
1xercise 5! I2ee note a"ove )e! to Eercise '00J
1 advised us to (a)e 0 0 0 our ti(e as %e %ouldn1t $et + ur$ed the pu"lic not to
%ait till the -ollo%in$ da! "ut to post 0 0 0 that da! 3 %arned the( to "e 0 0 0 and
re(inded (e to drive 4 said he couldn1t open it and told/as)ed Peter to have 5
told (e to $o and $et hi( 0 0 0 and to co(e 6 said so(eone %as co(in$ and
told/ur$ed (e to $et # %arned us to $ive %a! to 0 0 0 the/our ri$ht & "e$$ed us to
send %hatever %e could spare ' advised hi( to %ear a %i$ i- he didn1t %ant to
"e reco$niFed 10 %arned/told the( not to "athe %hen the red -la$ %as -l!in$
11 told hi( not to -or$et/re(inded hi( to than) 0 0 0 %hen he %as sa!in$
1+ told (e to %atch 0 0 0 and not to let it 13 told/advised/%arned (e not to
shelter 0 0 0 as the tree (i$ht 14 told (e to put the (essa$e 0 0 0 and thro% 15
told (e to read it -or (!sel- i- I didn1t "elieve %hat he said 16 re(inded (e to
use (! 1# told her hus"and not to drive 0 0 0 or the "a"! %ould 1& "e$$ed her to
(a)e 0 0 0 stron$er and said that it had "een 0 0 0 the previous ni$ht 1' %arned us
to "e%are +0 told (e to s(ell it and as)ed i- I thou$ht it had $one "ad +1 told
hi( not to ta)e his coat o-- as the! %ere $oin$ ++ told her to stand "! the
%indo% and tell hi( i- an!one %ent +3 told his pupil not to (ove till 0 0 0
%aved hi( on +4 told (e not to touch it as I %ould onl! (a)e +5 %arned hi(
to "e care-ul as the steps %ere +6 told/as)ed the $irl to as) her "oss 0 0 0 and said
that (! nu("er %as 0 0 0 2he as)ed (e to repeat it +# 0 0 0 told hi( to tell the(
not to %or) 0 0 0 as i- the! -inished 0 0 0 the! %ouldn1t $et +& .he placard %arned
us to prepare to (eet our doo( as the end o- the %orld %as at hand +' .he
instructor re(inded (e to put 30 Nei)o as)ed hi( to ta)e o-- his
1xercise 5" 1 he invited (e to have lunch %ith hi( + o--ered (e/her/hi( a 3
as)ed i- the!1d (ind not s(o)in$/as)ed the( not to s(o)e 4 told her to ta)e
the 0 0 0 and to shut the door as she %ent 5 as)ed (e to help her as she couldn1t 6
said it %as a 0 0 0 and
advised (e to as) # advised (e to tr! to/and $et & o--ered to %ait -or (e/said
she1d %ait i- I li)ed ' re(inded (e to s%itch o-- %hen I1d -inished 10
as)ed/told (e to chec) the -i$ures -or hi( 11 advised (e to apolo$iFe 1+ as)ed
hi( to chec) 13 told (e to sit/said he %ished I1d sit 0 0 0 as)ed ho% I epected
hi( to paint (e %hen I )ept jer)in$ (! head
14 advised hi( to $o "! train as it %as 15 .he notice as)ed $uests not to pla!
16 as)ed (e to %ait 1# stron$l! advised (e to see 1& advised the( to plant 1'
as)ed (e to si$n
+0 as)ed (e to -or%ard 0 0 0 %hile he %as +1 .he police as)ed an!one %ho has
seen the 0 0 0 to $et in touch %ith their nearest ++ %arned (e not to leave (! 0 0 0
15+
as our host1s do$s (i$ht (ista)e (e +3 told (e to ans%er the letter and
re(inded (e to )eep +4 as)ed (e to (ove (! car as it %as "loc)in$ his +5
4rs Eones as)ed the( to let her )no% %hen their 0 0 0 ca(e in +6 .he coach
told the -irst tea( to report +# .o( as)ed Ann to se% on the
"utton -or hi(0 4ar! advised hi( to se% it on hi(sel- as "uttons 0 0 0 usuall!
ca(e o--
+& .he $irl as)ed (e to sit do%n and said 0 0 0/said that i- I sat do%n the -ortune
teller %ould "e %ith (e
1xercise 5' 1 as)ed i- he could $et + said she couldn1t open 0 0 0 .o( o--ered
to do it -or her 3 as)ed the o--icial to translate it 4 %ondered i- the! %ould ever
(eet 5 as)ed i- I %ould "e there the net da!0 I said that I %ould 6 as)ed i- she
could lose 0 0 0 the doctor said IthatJ she couldn1t # o--ered (e a drin) & ur$ed
us to install ' as)ed (e to read it
10 as)ed I(eJ i- she should tell hi( %hat had happened 11 as)ed i- I %ouldn1t
li)e to loo) 1+ said she %as $oin$ 0 0 0 .o( said he %as too and o--ered her a
li-t/as)ed i- she1d li)e a li-t 13 as)ed -or a s%eet/as)ed i- he could have a s%eet
14 as)ed i- the! could sta!
15 as)ed -or the %ee)end/as)ed i- he could have 16 as)ed i- he could leave 1#
as)ed Ihi(J %h! he didn1t li)e 1& advised hi( to ta)e up 1' as)ed %here he
should han$ his 0 0 0 and i- it %ould loo) +0 as)ed %hat I should/%as to do i- the
car %ouldn1t start +1 as)ed i- I had enou$h 0 0 0 and o--ered to lend (e so(e ++
as)ed i- he %ould "e a"le to $uide (e or i- I
should "rin$ +3 re(inded hi( to shut +4 as)ed IherJ i- she %ould li)e to see +5
as)ed (e to peel +6 said that he1d $ot t%o tic)ets and invited (e to co(e/$o
%ith hi( +# as)ed i- I could use 0 0 0 I said IthatJ I couldn1t +& as)ed i- I1d (ind
livin$ "! (!sel- +' as)ed (e to pa!/as)ed i- I1d (ind pa!in$ 30 as)ed %h! she
didn1t trust hi(0 2he said IthatJ she never trusted
1xercise 5* I2ee note a"ove )e! to Eercise '00J
1 told (e to re(e("er to $et 0 0 0 %hen I %as or re(inded (e to $et* etc0 or
said that %hen I %as at 0 0 0 I %as to $et + told/advised (e to sit do%n and put
(! head "et%een (! )nees i- I -elt or said that i- I -elt -aint I %as to put/should
put 3 as)ed %hat he %as to do/should do %ith (! purse i- he -ound it0 I
told/as)ed hi( to )eep it till he sa% (e 4 told (e/as)ed (e to $ive hi( a drin)
i- he arrived "e-ore she $ot "ac) or said that i- he arrived "e-ore she $ot "ac) I
%as to $ive 5 told (e i- an!one ran$ up to sa! or said that i- an!one ran$ up I
%as to sa! she1d "e 6 told (e %hen I %as drivin$ al%a!s to loo) in (! (irror
or said that %hen I %as drivin$ I should al%a!s loo) # told (e to leave the )e!
under the (at i- I %ent out or said that i- I %ent out I %as to leave & told (e to
153
shut the %indo% i- I
thou$ht the roo( %as cold or said that i- I thou$ht the roo( %as cold I %as to
hut/should shut ' told (e to rin$ hi( up i- I -elt lonel! an! ti(e or said that i- I
-elt lonel! I %as to rin$ 10 said that i- she didn1t eat (eat I %as to o--er her an
o(elette 0the tell #onstru#tion would $e *ery #lumsy here) 11 told (e to $et the
car o-- the road i- I had a puncture and not to leave or said that i- I had a
puncture I %as to $et/should $et 0 0 0 and not leave
1+ told (e to ta)e the letter to the police i- he %asn1t "ac) "! that ti(e the net
da! or said that i- he %asn1t "ac) "! 0 0 0 I %as to ta)e 13 told her hus"and not to
-or$et/re(inded hi( to than) 4rs Pitt %hen he sa% her 14 told (e to ta)e the
(eat out o- the oven %hen the "ell ran$ or said that %hen the "ell ran$ I %as to
ta)e/should ta)e 15 told the( to $ive their 0 0 0 i- the! %ere ta)en 0 0 0 "ut to
re-use to ans%er or said that i- the! %ere ta)en 0 0 0 the! %ere to $ive 0 0 0 "ut
ItoJ re-use 16 told the( to shut 0 0 0 and $o 0 0 0 %hen the! heard or said that
%hen the! heard 0 0 0 the! %ere to shut 0 0 0 and $o 1# told (e to press 0 0 0 i- the
li-t should stop/stopped or said that i- the li-t should stop/stopped 000I %as to
press/should press 1& told (e to as) a client i- he had a %ea) heart "e-ore I
allo%ed hi( or said that "e-ore I allo%ed an!one 000I %as to as)/should as) 1'
as)ed %hat she should/%as to sa! i- the police stopped her +0 as)ed %hat she
should do i- he re-used to let her in0 I told her to %rite +1 as)ed/%ondered %hat
%ould happen i- the stri)e continued
++ 0 0 0ho% the! %ould $et -ood i- it %ent on +3 0 0 0 as)ed i- the! could $o 0 0 0
the rain stopped +4 said that %hen the!1d 0 0 0 the! %ere to +5 advised her to
s%itch 0 0 0 i- she didn1t li)e +6 as)ed %hether/i- the "an) %ould repa! 0 0 0 i- I
lost +# told (e I had/1d
"etter co(plain 0 0 0 i- the noise $ot +& said I %as to rin$ hi( and $ive hi( 0 0 0
as soon as I -ound
1xercise 52 Part ) IAlternative constructions are o-ten possi"le0J
1-14 Ann su$$ested havin$ a part! on the -ollo%in$ 2aturda!0 4ar! a$reed and
as)ed %ho the! should invite0 Ann %as a$ainst (a)in$ a list and su$$ested
the! should just invite ever!"od!0 4ar! said the! didn1t %ant to do (uch
coo)in$ and proposed (a)in$ it a %ine and cheese part!0 Ann then su$$ested
that the! should as) ever!one to "rin$
a "ottle0 4ar! re(inded her that the! hadn1t (an! $lasses le-t and su$$ested
hirin$ $lasses -ro( their local %ineshop0 Ann su$$ested havin$ the part! in the
$arden i- it %as %ar( and then 4ar! put -or%ard the idea o- a "ar"ecue0 Ann
thou$ht this %as a $ood idea and said the! could as) Paul to do the coo)in$0
4ar! re(e("ered that last ti(e the! had had a "ar"ecue the nei$h"ours had
co(plained a"out the noise* and she %ondered i- the! should as) ever!one to
spea) in %hispers0 Ann su$$ested $oin$ round to the nei$h"ours instead and
154
apolo$iFin$ in advance0 4ar!* ho%ever* proposed invitin$ the nei$h"ours*
addin$ that then the noise %ouldn1t (atter0 Ann thou$ht that %as a clever idea
and su$$ested rin$in$ ever!one up that ni$ht* "ut 4ar! prudentl! su$$ested
%or)in$ out ho% (uch it %ould cost -irst0
Part ! 15 4rs 2(ith su$$ested 0 0 0 "ut her hus"and su$$ested rentin$ 000*
addin$ that it %as all the! could a--ord0 16 I su$$ested that Ann should
co(plain* sa!in$ that the "oss %as (ore li)el! to listen to her 1# 2he re(inded
hi( that he used to "e 0 0 0 and su$$ested that he should 1& <e proposed
%al)in$ 0 0 0 as it %as not -ar and I a$reed 1' Ann
su$$ested IourJ joinin$ a %eavin$ class* addin$ that there %as one +0 .he
children su$$ested or$aniFin$ 0 0 0 the teacher proposed +1 I as)ed Bill %here
%e should (eet and
he su$$ested the hotel ++ I su$$ested to Ann that she should rin$ hi( and as)
hi( %hat he thou$ht +3 I pointed out I %as doin$ 0 0 0 and su$$ested that he
should $ive (e/hi( $ivin$ (e +4 <e proposed leavin$/that the! should leave
addin$ that he hated +5 .heir -ather su$$ested that the children should $o +6 I
su$$ested his/hi( as)in$ the( %hat the! %ould li)e to do +# <e su$$ested that
%e should "e$in trainin$ 0 0 0 I said I had 0 0 0 and su$$ested that he should as)
Paul +& .he! su$$ested (e/(! puttin$ an advertise(ent in the local paper0
1xercise 5: I.he -ollo%in$ are possi"le ans%ers onl!0J
1 %arned us not to %al) on the ice as it %asn1t + introduced 4iss :hite to 4iss
Bro%n 3 $ave/handed her the )e!s* advisin$/and advised her to %ait 4 "e$$ed
(e not to tell 0 0 0 I pro(ised not to/pro(ised IthatJ I %ouldn1t 5 o--ered hi( (!
torch "ut he re-used
as/eplainin$ that he had one o- his o%n 6 .o( o--ered to pa!0 Ann protested
"ut he insisted0 # invited us to co(e in and loo) round* assurin$ us that there
%as no
& threatened to )ill the "o! i- the! didn1t pa! ' re-used to ans%er an! 8uestions
10 co(plained that he epected 0 0 0 a$reed I%ith herJ II %ished it %ould 1+
pointed
out that I had pressed 0 0 0 <e %arned (e not to do0 00I (i$ht have 13 eclai(ed
that her %ei$ht had $one up 0 0 0 she ad(itted/a$reed that it had 14 hoped I1d
have a $ood
journe!/%ished (e a $ood journe! and re(inded (e to send a card %hen I
arrived
15 eclai(ed %ith deli$ht that he had passed 0 0 0 I con$ratulated hi( and
%ished hi( luc) 16 2he a$reed to %ait 1# %ished hi( (an! happ! returns o-
his 0 0 0 and he than)ed us
1& pointed out/re(ar)ed that (! door %as 000I a$reed I%ith herJ/l ad(itted it 1'
<e o--ered (e a ci$arette and I accepted +0 .heir (other threatened to sell 0 0 0
155
i- the!
)ept 0 0 0 .he children "e$$ed her not to do that* pro(isin$ not to
8uarrel/assurin$ her that the! %ouldn1t 8uarrel +1 o--ered (e D500 to )eep (!
++ <e pro(ised to %ait -or (e +3 I apolo$iFed -or "ein$ late and eplained that
the "us had "ro)en +4 accused hi( o- lea)in$ 0 0 0 <e denied it0 .o( called hi(
a liar0 +5 threatened to drop us -ro( the tea( i- %e did
not train +6 co(plained that i- the "o!s did 0 0 0 he called the( his sons* "ut that
i- the! did 0 0 0 he called the( hers0 +# .o( su$$ested havin$ a rest and Ann
a$reed0 30 <e eclai(ed %ith dis$ust that there %as a slu$ in his 0 0 0 and called
1xercise 54 IGther alternatives are possi"le here0J
1 .o(: :ould !ou li)e to co(e -or a drive* to(orro%* Ann@
+ Ann: I1d love to0 :here are !ou thin)in$ o- $oin$* .o(@
3 .o(: :ell* I1ll leave it to !ou0
4 Ann: :hat a"out 2trat-ord@
5 I haven1t "een there -or a$es0
6 .o(: Good ideaC/AII ri$ht0 :e (i$ht $o on the river i- it1s a -ine da!0
# Ann: I %onder %hat1s on at the Ko!al 2ha)espeare .heatre0
& .o(: :e1ll -ind out %hen %e $et there0
' It1s usuall! possi"le to $et seats on the da! o- the pla!0
10 3an !ou "e read! "! ten@
11 Ann: I1( a-raid not* .o(/I1( ver! sorr!* .o(* "ut I can1t0 I have to t!pe a
report -irst0
1+ .o(: :or)in$ on 2aturda!C :hat a horri"le ideaC
13 I1d chan$e (! jo" i- I %ere !ou0
14 Ann: ?on1t "e ridiculous* .o(C
15 I volunteered to t!pe the report in return -or a -ree a-ternoon net %ee)0
16 I didn1t )no% !ou %ere $oin$ to as) (e out* a-ter all0
1# .o(: Gh %ell* I suppose it1s all ri$ht0
1& But don1t (a)e a ha"it o- volunteerin$ -or %ee)end %or)* %ill !ou@
1' Ann: Ho* I pro(ise I %on1t0
+0 .o(: I$loo(il!J I suppose !ou1ll "e "us! all (ornin$0
+1 Ann: Ho* noC I1ll "e -inished "! 110000
++ 2hall I (eet !ou at the "us stop at <!de Par) 3orner@
+3 .o(: .hat isn1t a ver! $ood (eetin$ place0 I1ll call -or !ou0
+4 Ann: .hat1s ver! $ood o- !ou* .o(0 I1ll "e %aitin$ in the hall0
+5 .o(: =et1s cli(" to the top0 .he vie% -ro( there is (arvellous0
+6 Ann: But %e1ve "een cli("in$ -or three hours alread!0 I1( too tired to $o
an! -urther0
+# :h! don1t !ou $o on up@ I1ll $o do%n and %ait there0
+& .o(: All ri$ht0 <ere are the car )e!s0 Aou1d "etter %ait in the car0/Aou
156
could %ait in the car* couldn1t !ou@
+' I1ll "e as 8uic) as I can0
30 Ann: .here111 "e no lunch le-t i- !ou1re too lon$0 I1ll have eaten it allC
17 Pur"%se
1xercise 55 Iso as is interchan$ea"le %ith in order0J
1 to paint + to re(ind 3 to -eed 4 so as not to -ri$hten 5 to put his savin$s in 6
to drin) out o- # to save & so as not to strain ' in order to $et 10 to tell 11 so as
not to $et 1+ to -ri$hten 13 so as not to (a)e 14 to protect 15 to put on the -ire
16 so as not to distur" 10# to stud! 1& in order to discuss 1' so as to "e a"le +0
to elude +1 to prevent ++ to reduce +3 Iin orderJ to read +4 to %atch +5 in order
to have +6 in order to )eep +# Iin orderJ to learn +& to "u! +' to %arn 30 to
avoid 31 to protect 3+ so as to "e a"le 33 to %arn 34 to avoid 35 Iin orderJ to
loo) 36 so as not to alar(
1xercise )66 II/we would is replacea"le "! I/we should.
would/wouldn't in ne$ative purpose clauses is usuall! replacea"le "!
should/shouldn't. :here an in-initive phrase is possi"le the in-initive $iven in
the )e! is not necessaril! the onl! one that could "e used0 .o save space not
(ore than t%o possi"le ans%ers are $iven -or an! one ea(ple0 2o(eti(es the
in case construction %ould also "e possi"le* in case can "e -ollo%ed "! should
/ in-initive* thou$h an ordinar! present or past tense is (ore usual0J
1 so that no"od! should/%ould )no% or to prevent an!one )no%in$ + in case
so(e"od! )noc)s 3 so that repair %or) (a!/can continue or to allo% repair
%or) to continue 4 so that it %ouldn1t $et "ro)en or to prevent it $ettin$ "ro)en
5 so that he %ouldn1t "e reco$niFed or to avoid "ein$ reco$niFed 6 so that her
-ruit %ouldn1t "e stolen or to prevent her -ruit "ein$ stolen # so that I %ouldn1t
overhear or to prevent (! overhearin$
& in case !ou $et "itten ' so that the cre% (a!/can escape or to ena"le the cre%
to escape 10 so that (! children (a!/%ill have 11 so that the co%s %on1t $et or
to prevent the co%s $ettin$ 1+ so that the call %ouldn1t "e or to prevent the call
"ein$ 13 so that the "irds %on1t eat or to prevent the "irds eatin$ 14 in case
there is 15 so that no"od! %ill/can cli(" or to prevent an!one cli("in$ 16 in
case !ou have 1# so that the sno% %ould/could slide 1& so that ever!one (a!/
%ill understand or to ena"le ever!one to understand 1' so that an!one %ho
-inds hi( %ill/(a! )no% +0 so that the "irds %ould )no% or to let the "irds
)no% +1 in case %e are ++ so that the "irds %on1t "uild or to prevent the "irds
"uildin$
+3 in case he -or$ets +4 so that she %ouldn1t -ri$hten or to prevent her
-ri$htenin$ +5 in case the chi(ne! catches +6 so that I couldn1t/%ouldn1t "e
15#
a"le to call or to prevent (e callin$ +# in case it is +& so that !oun$ children
%on1t "e a"le to turn or to prevent !oun$ children turnin$ +' in case he "rea)s
30 so that the $overn(ent (a!/can discuss or to let the $overn(ent discuss 31
in case it is 3+ so that pedestrians (i$ht/could cross or to let pedestrians cross
33 so that his secretar! could/%ould "e a"le to 34 in case the! set 35 so that the
rest o- the part! %ould )no% or to let the rest o- the part! )no% 36 so that the
(eat %on1t "urn or to prevent the (eat "urnin$ or in case the (eat "urns
15&
15'
160