International Journal of Electrical Components & Sustainable Energy

ISSN 2203-0034
Vol. 1 No. 2; October 2013
Copyright Australian International Academic Centre, Australia

Harmonic Mitigation Using Single Phase Shunt Active Power Filter
With Fuzzy Logic Controller for the Improvement of Power Quality
Hamisu Usman (Corresponding author)
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,
College of Engineering, Kaduna Polytechnic, P.M.B. 2021 Kaduna Nigeria.
Tel: +234-8035878147 E-mail: twinsandamir@gmail.com

Suleiman Musa
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,
College of Engineering, Kaduna Polytechnic, P.M.B. 2021 Kaduna Nigeria
Tel: +234-7030260451 E-mail: sumusa115@yahoo.com

Received: 22-07- 2013 Accepted: 01-09- 2013 Published: 01-10- 2013
doi:10.7575/aiac.ijecse.v.1n.2p.28 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijecse.v.1n.2p.28

Abstract
Due to the proliferation of non-linear modern power electronics, currents and voltages produced by non-linear loads
have lead to the deterioration and distortion of the output sine wave forms of the source currents and voltages. These
distortions have resulted in the power quality problems. The non-linear load draws reactive power and harmonics from
the ac source in the fundamental current. The harmonics in power system caused by non-linear loads such as, arc
furnaces, switch mode power supply, fluorescent lamps rectifiers etc all are the main sources of harmonics, as a result
of these non-linear loads the supply system lead to overheating of cables and conductors, electromagnetic interference
to nearby communication facilities etc. Therefore, as a result of theses harmonics, a traditional passive filters are used to
suppressed the integer multiple fundamental frequencies, but due to the passive filter draws back in producing series or
parallel impedance with the supply impedance and heavy in sized, its limitations in service becomes an old scheme. The
application of shunt active power filter in mitigating these harmonics problems supersedes the used of passive filter.
This paper, presents the modeling and simulation of single-phase shunt active power filter controlled with fuzzy logic
controller (FLC) to mitigate the harmonics drawn by non-linear loads. The proposed scheme is performed by using
MATLAB fuzzy tool box environment. Simulation results obtained by the proposed control algorithm found to be
satisfied and within the recommended imposed IEEE 519-1992 harmonic standard limit.
Keywords: Harmonic, Fuzzy logic controller, Shunt Active Power Filter, Total Harmonic Distortion and Power quality
1. Introduction
The extensive use of the non-linear modern power electronics in power systems applications have lead to the power
quality problems in power system networks. Non-linear loads such as, rectifiers, adjustable speed drive, switch mode
power supplies and fluorescent lamps etc. have immensely contributed to the deterioration of currents/voltages wave
forms in the alternating current supply sources. Power quality issues are of great concern to engineers and other power
quality system analysts in the field of power system. Conventional passive filters are the earliest solution to mitigate the
harmonics currents drawn by the non-linear loads, but due to its heavy in size and resonance with the impedance [1], its
applications have becomes very limited in use. With the development of shunt active power filter, the harmonics
distortion created by the non-linear loads can therefore be compensated, and the THD can be minimized to it minimal
distorted level. However, shunt active power filters are controlled by means of different algorithms, like instantaneous
power theory in [2] which has been used by various researchers works. The p-q theory provide better results, but is
very complex due to its involvement in complex equations and mathematical analysis in order to reach reasonable
results [3]. Another technique is the synchronous reference (SRF) detection method as proposed in [4] for the harmonic
reduction in water pump station for an accurate harmonic damping. Many literatures for shunt active power filter using
fuzzy logic controllers have been studied in[5], [6] and [7].s In this paper, fuzzy logic controller is proposed to control
the gating signal of single-phase shunt active power filter for harmonic distortions mitigation and reactive power
compensation drawn by the non-linear loads. A MATLAB tool box environment was selected for the modeling of the
proposed shunt active power filter.
1.1 Basic configuration of single-phase shunt active power filter
Ideally, the source current and voltage are purely sinusoidal and in phase to each other before connecting non-linear
loads to the system. Single-phase shunt active power filter comprises of two main parts, the power circuit and the
control circuit. The power circuit consists of non-linear load, IGBTs or MOSFETs switching semiconductor devices
filter inductor, and DC side capacitor. The control part is the brain of the active filter, which saved as the control


IJECSE 1 (2):28-33, 2013 29
algorithm for the filter in order to mitigate the burden on harmonics caused by the non-linear loads within the system.
Fig 1 below depicts the SAPF configuration.


Figure 1. Basic configuration of shunt active power filter
1.2 Shunt Active Power Filter Configurations
Basically, shunt active power filters are classified based on the type of converters topologies and the type of supply at
which the filter is connected. The topologies that are normally used for the converters are:
Voltage source converter or inverter (VSI).
Current source converter or inverter (CSI).
The (VSI) are the most commonly used due to its popularity and simple in implementation, also this type of converter is
used for suppression of harmonics current drawn by the non-linear loads. However, current source inverters (CSI) are
employed for the mitigation of voltage harmonics caused by non-linear loads.
2. The Proposed Fuzzy Logic Controller
Fuzzy logic controller is one of the families of artificial intelligent controllers. In this paper, fuzzy logic controller was
selected to control the gating signal of the active power filter for the suppression of harmonics and reactive power
drawn by non-linear loads. Fuzzy logic controller inherits many advantages, like acceptance of non-linearity model of a
system, does not need any mathematical equations for its input or output, and it is very robust as compared to the
classical controllers, which can also work with an imprecise inputs, and due to these, it is simple in implementation. The
structure of fuzzy logic controller is shown in figure 2 below, the controller comprises of four main parts namely,
fuzzification, rule base, inference system and the defuzzification process. In this study, two inputs error (e) and change
of error (e) with one output variable are used. The linguistic variables used in the design of the fuzzy membership
function are: Positive large (PL), Positive medium (PM), Positive small (PS), Negative large (NL), Negative medium
(NM) and Negative small (NS), Zero (Z). However, the fuzzy controller is characterized as follows:
1. Two input variables error (e) and its derivative (e).
2. One output variable was used.
3. Mandani fuzzy logic controller was used.
4. Center of area (COA) was used for the defuzzification process.


Figure 2. Structure of the fuzzy logic controller

2.1 Membership Functions
In the present study, triangular memberships are selected due to its simplicity and commonly used memberships in most
of the designed fuzzy logic controller found in many literatures. Figure 3 through figure 4 and 5 shows the proposed
designed of the two inputs, error, change of error and one output triangular memberships function.




IJECSE 1 (2):28-33, 2013 30


Figure 3. Membership function for the input error (e) variable

Figure 4. Membership function for the input change of error (e) variable


Figure 5. Membership function of the output variable
3. Simulation Model of the Single-phase Shunt Active Power Filter
The complete simulation model of the proposed single-phase shunt active power filter is depicted in figure 6. The
configuration consist of the single-phase ac power supply, full bridge diode rectifier as non-linear load, shunt active
filter, the harmonic extraction and the fuzzy logic control algorithm.

Figure 6. Complete modeling of Single-phase Shunt Active Power Filter
IJECSE 1 (2):28-33, 2013 31
4. Results and Discussion
This part discussed the simulation results obtained with MATLAB tool box environment in order to see the
effectiveness of the proposed fuzzy logic controller in mitigating the harmonics and reactive power produced by the
non-linear loads. The parameters used in modeling the shunt active power filter are: source voltage =230V, frequency =
50HZ, R
S
= 0.1, L
S
= 2.5mH, R
L
= 0.1, L
F
= 2.5mH, C
F
=500!F, V
DC
= 600V. From the simulated result in figure 11,
the THD% was obtained to be 55.94% which is against the IEEE harmonics standard imposed limit. However, the result
of the THD% found with the source voltage as in figure 12 also was 17.97% which also violates the standard limit of
IEEE 519-1992. With the current and the voltage after applying shunt active power filter the simulated results found to
be 2.52% for both the source current and the source voltage as in figure 13 and 14 respectively. From the results
obtained of figure 8 and figure 9 which are the source current and source voltage which are in phase to each other
respectively.

Figure 7. Load current without filter compensation


Figure 8. Source current without active filter compensation



Figure 9. Source current after compensation with shunt active power filter

0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
time in second (S)
L
o
a
d

c
u
r
r
e
n
t

(
A
)

w
i
t
h
o
u
t

f
i
lt
e
r
Graph of load current without filter
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
time in second (S)
L
o
a
d

v
o
l
t
a
g
e

(
V
)

w
i
t
h
o
u
t

f
i
lt
e
r
Graph of Load Voltage without filter
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
time in second (S)
L
o
a
d

c
u
r
r
e
n
t

(
A
)

w
i
t
h

f
i
l
t
e
r
Graph of load current with filter
IJECSE 1 (2):28-33, 2013 32

Figure 10. Source voltage after compensation with shunt active power filter


Figure 11. FFT analysis THD% for the load current before compensation with shunt active filter


Figure12. FFT analysis for the source voltage before compensation with shunt active filter

Figure 13. FFT analysis for the load current after compensation with shunt active filter

0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1
-250
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
200
250
time in second (S)
L
o
a
d

v
o
l
t
a
g
e

(
V
)

w
i
t
h

f
i
l
t
e
r
Graph of Load voltage with filter
Time (s)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
0
10
20
30
40
50
Harmonic order
Fundamental (50Hz) = 14.89 , THD= 55.94%
M
a
g

(
%

o
f

F
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
t
a
l
)
Time (s)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
0
5
10
15
Harmonic order
Fundamental (50Hz) = 232.2 , THD= 17.97%
M
a
g

(
%

o
f

F
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
t
a
l
)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
0
0.5
1
1.5
Harmonic order
Fundamental (50Hz) = 22.23 , THD= 2.52%
M
a
g

(
%

o
f

F
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
t
a
l
)
IJECSE 1 (2):28-33, 2013 33

Figure 14. FFT analysis for the source voltage after compensation with shunt active filter
5. Conclusion
In this paper, the modeling and simulation of single-phase shunt active power filter controlled with fuzzy logic
controller for mitigating harmonics produced by non-linear loads was presented. The simulation was performed in
MATLAB tool box software environment. The effectiveness of the fuzzy logic controller in mitigating current and
voltage harmonics drawn by non-linear loads and compensating the reactive power was shown by the simulated results.
The THD% for the load current and source voltage before applying shunt active power filter obtained to be 55.94% and
17.97% respectively. Moreover, THD% of the corresponding load current and source voltage with the compensation by
shunt active power filter similarly found to be 2.52% for each respectively. This mean the fuzzy logic control algorithm
demonstrates its feasibility in mitigating current and voltage harmonics drawn by non-linear loads. The simulated
results are reasonable and within the imposed IEEE 519-1992 harmonics standard.

References
[1] Bhattachr, S. & Divan, D. (1995). Synchronous frame based controller implementation for a hybrid series active
filter systems. IEEE, Industrial Application Conference. Vol. 3, pp. 2531-2540.
[2] Chandra, A., Singh, B. P., Singh, B. N., & Al-Haddad K. K. (2000). An improved control algorithm of shunt active
filter for voltage regulation, harmonic elimination, power-factor correction, and balancing of non-linear loads.
Power Electronics, IEEE Transaction, Vol. 15 (3), 495-507.
[3] Herrera, R. S., Patricio, S., & Kim, H. (2008). Instantaneous reactive Power Theory Applied to Active Power Filter
Compensation: Different Approaches, Assessment, and Experimental Results. Industrial Electronics, IEEE
Transactions, Vol. 55 (1), 184-196.
[4] Hocine, B. & Hind, D. (2006). Shunt active filter controlled by fuzzy logic. Journal of King Saud University, Vol.
18, 231-247.
[5] Jidong, W. (2009). Simulation of three-phase three wire shunt active power filter. International Journal of Science
and Techniques Control and Computer Engineering, Vol. 3 (1), 942-955.
[6] Mikkili, S. & Anup, P. K. (2012). Mitigation of harmonics using fuzzy logic controlled shunt active power filter
with different membership functions by instantaneous power theory. Engineering and systems (SCES) Student
Conference, pp. 1-6
[7] Tsengenes, G., &. Georgios, A. (2011). Shunt active power filter control using fuzzy logic controllers. Industrial
Electronics (ISIE), IEEE International Symposium, pp. 365-371.


Time (s)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
0
0.5
1
1.5
Harmonic order
Fundamental (50Hz) = 202.2 , THD= 2.52%
M
a
g

(
%

o
f

F
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
t
a
l
)