CHEM131 - Spring 14 - February 4

Lecture February 4
1
Chapter 7: Quantum-
Mechanical Model of the Atom
Remember: No MC quiz due until
Thursday Feb 13
CHEM131 - Spring 14 - February 4
Chapter 7
2
Light is the visible part of a large
spectrum of electromagnetic radiation
It is a wave with an amplitude,
frequency and wavelength
amplitude - how large or high the wave is
frequency ! - how many waves pass a xed
point in a second
wavelength " - the length between the points
where the wave repeats - e.g. peak to peak
CHEM131 - Spring 14 - February 4
Wavelength and Frequency
3
velocity of a wave (m/s) = ! (s
-1
) " (m)
= c
Light has a velocity
c = 2.998 x 10
8
m/s
OR
! = c/" " = c/!
c = !"
Really only one equation
CHEM131 - Spring 14 - February 4
Electromagnetic
Spectrum
4
See Fig. 7.5
CHEM131 - Spring 14 - February 4
Sample Calculations
5
WTOP is at a frequency of 103.5 MHz
What is the corresponding wavelength?
" = c/!
" = (2.998 x 10
8
m/s)/(103.5 x 10
6
s
-1
)
= 2.897 m
What is the frequency of yellow light with a
wavelength of 600 nm (assume 3 sig g)?
! = c/" = (2.998x10
8
)/(600 x 10
-9
) =
5.00 x 10
14
Hz
CHEM131 - Spring 14 - February 4
The Photon
6
Packet of light is also a particle
called a photon
Energy of a
photon of light
E = h!
h = 6.626 x 10
-34
J-s
Plancks constant
OR E = hc/"

! = c/"
CHEM131 - Spring 14 - February 4
Energy Calculations
7
What is the energy of 1 photon of
yellow light?
E = h!
= (6.626 x 10
-34
J-s) x (5.00 x 10
14
s
-1
)
= 3.31 x 10
-19
J for a single photon
CHEM131 - Spring 14 - February 4
Remember the
Electromagnetic Spectrum
8
CHEM131 - Spring 14 - February 4
Emission and Absorption Spectra
9
#E negative =
emission
#E positive =
absorption
n
f
= $
ionize the atom -
complete removal of
the electron
schematic picture of the
Hydrogen atoms energy levels
CHEM131 - Spring 14 - February 4
Examples of
Emission Spectra
10
Sun
hydrogen
helium
mercury
uranium
CHEM131 - Spring 14 - February 4
Whirlpool
Galaxy
11
Hubble optical image
All images from
chandra.harvard.edu
CHEM131 - Spring 14 - February 4
Infrared Spectrum -
Spitzer - stars and interstellar
12
In Ultraviolet
GALEX - hot young stars
CHEM131 - Spring 14 - February 4
Chandra
x-ray
image
13
Bright spots are
black holes and
neutron stars
CHEM131 - Spring 14 - February 4
14
Cassiopeia - Supernovae
Remnant
di%erent
colors denote
di%erent
energies of
EM radiation
Chandra X-ray image
CHEM131 - Spring 14 - February 4
Infrared
15 12
Spitzer image
Optical Hubble
Image
blue = 3.6 &m, green = 4.5 &m
orange =5.8 &m, red = 8.0 &m
visible spectrum
0.40 - 0.70 &m
(400 - 700 nm)
CHEM131 - Spring 14 - February 4
Quiz of the Day
16
What is the energy of an X-ray photon with
a wavelength of 2.0 x 10
-2
nm?
Express your answer in 10
-15
J
Answer:
E = hc/"
= (6.626x10
-34
)(2.998x10
8
)/(2.0x10
-2
x10
-9
)
= 9.9 x 10
-15
J