UNIT-I POLYMER CHEMISTRY

1. What is copolymerization? Give an example.

Polymerisation of a mixture of two different monomers of equal reactivity is known as copolymerization.
Example: Acrylonitrile and vinyl chloride combine to give co-ploymer.

2. What is Polymerisation?
Polymerisation is a process in which large numbers of small molecules combine to give a big
molecule with or without elimination of small molecules like water.
3. What is degree of polymerization?
The number of repeating unit (n) in a polymer chain is known as degree of polymerisation.
Degree of polymerization (n)= molecular weight of the polymeric network
Molecular weight of the repeating unit
4. What is Tactivity?
The orientation of monomeric units or functional groups in a polymer molecule can take place in an
orderly or disorderly manner with respect to the main chain is known as Tactivity.
5. Define Tg?
Glass transition temperature (Tg) is the temperature at which the amorphous solid state is
transformed to the melt state.
6. What is polydispersity index?
The ratio of the weight average molecular weight to that of number-average molecular weight is
known as polydspersity index (PDI).
7. What are factors affecting Tg ?
1. The value of Tg of a given polymer varies with the rate of heating or cooling.
2. Below Tg the polymer is hard and brittle.
3. A cross-linked polymer does not possess any Tg because polymer chains will not move.
8. Define the term of Functionality.Give its singinificance.
The number of bonding site or reactive site or functional groups, present in a monomer, its known as
its functionality

9. What is condensation polymerization?
Condensation polymerisation is a reaction between simple polar groups containing monomers with the
formation of polymer and elimination of small molecules like water.
Example: polyester
10. What is Thermoplastics?
Thermoplastics are plastics obtained by addition polymerization. They are straight chain or slightly
branched polymers and various chains are held together by weak vanderwaals forces of attraction. It
can be softened on heating and hardened on cooling. They are generally soluble in organic solvents.
11. What are Thermosets?
Thermosetting plastics are plastics obtained by condensation polymerization. Various polumers
chains are held together by strong covalent bonds (called crosslinks).
Thermosetting plastics get harden on heating and once harden, they cannot be softened again.
They are almost insoluble in organic solvents.
12. What are the properties of epoxy resins?
1. They are flexible, tough and possess very good heat resisting property.
2. Because of the polar nature of the molecules , they possess excellent adhesion quality.
13. Distinguish between addition polymerization and condensation polymerization.

No

Addition

Condensation
1.

2.

3.

4.
No by product is formed.

Homo chain polymer is obtained.

They can be remoulded.

They have low molecular weights
By product is formed.

Hetero chain polymer is obtained.

They cant be remoulded.

They have high molecular weights.







UNIT -II CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS
1. State II law of thermodynamics.
Clausius statement: It is impossible to construct a machine which can transfer heat from a cold
body to a hot body, unless some external work is done on the machine.
2. What is Clausius inequality ?
The amount of heat transferred to the system divided by its temperature is equal to or less than
zero is known as clausius inequality.
3. Define the term of standard free energy. Illustrate with an example.
It is defined as The free energy change for a process at 25
o
C in which the reactants are converted into
the products in their standard states. Thus
G
0
= G
0
(products)

- G
0
(reactants)
4. What is the influence of H and S values in the spontaneity of the reaction?

(a) If H is negative and S is positive then the process will be spontaneous as G is negative.
(b) When both H and S are positive , at higher temperature , G will be negative and the
process will be spontaneous.
5.



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