Mucuna Pruriens Benefits:....L-Dopa to Boost Testosterone, Libido, Improve Mood and More!

Mucuna Pruriens provides a neurotransmitter pre-cursor called L-Dopa. L-Dopa is the amino
acid compound from which our bod ma!es Dopamine. "s a re#ular part of the diet, Mucuna
$ruriens provides man benefits. "mon# the lon# list are: enhancin# libido and se%ual capacit,
optimi&in# testosterone production and improved mood and ener#.
Mucuna $ruriens common names include 'elvet Bean, (ow-Itch )because the red hairs on the
outside of the pods can cause a cow*s ton#ue to itch+ and Buffalo Bean. It is a vine that #rows up
to ,- feet or more.
The best Mucuna $ruriens powder is made from the beans onl. The research studies provin# the
health benefits were done usin# the beans. Man products also contain pod and root, so ou
have to read the fine print.
Mucuna $ruriens Bioactive (ompounds Include: mucunadine, mucunine, mucunainine,
prurienine, purienidine. In addition, Mucuna $ruriens contains Beta-sitosterol, #lutathione,
lecithin, venolic acid and #allic acid.
Ma!e ./01 ou #et or#anic Mucuna $ruriens bean powder that has not been irradiated!
For greatest benefits, I like to mix 1 1/2 teaspoons of the powder with 1/2 cup warm or er!
hot water and drink it as a tea, preferabl! on an empt! stomach" #dding a little $teia %&al
brand is best tasting' makes Mucuna Pruriens drink a treat"
23T1: It is a #ood idea to start with 456 teaspoon an wor! our wa up to a lar#er amount.
Mucuna $ruriens to Boost Testosterone and Libido in Men and 7omen
"mon# plants, Mucuna $ruriens has uni8ue aphrodisiac power and boosts Testosterone and
libido. 9or centuries, it has been reco#ni&ed for this purpose b indi#enous peoples in India and
Bra&il.
Mucuna $ruriens contains 6- milli#rams of L-Dopa per #ram )4--- milli#rams+ of the bean. 3f all
plants, it is a top source of L-Dopa )dihdro%-phenlalanine+. L-Dopa an amino acid that is the
immediate precursor to Dopamine.
::;uman clinical trials have shown that the administration of Mucuna $ruriens to $ar!insons
patients )who are deficient in Dopamine+ to ield e%cellent benefits, which proves the potenc of
the L-Dopa in the beans of this plant. )4+
L-Dopa crosses our blood-brain barrier and is converted into Dopamine. Dopamine disables
prolactin, an arch-enem of Testosterone in our bod - preservin# the availabilit of this precious
hormone. Testosterone is vital for libido, potenc, se%ual performance and or#asmic response in
both men and women.
"phrodisiac Benefits of L-Dopa in Mucuna $ruriens:
3ptimi&ed production of testosterone
1nhanced se%ual performance and libido )<+
Increased ener#
Dopamine depresses prolactin, a pituitar hormone. $rolactin can interfere with health libido and
se%ual function. )It is common for dru#s which stimulate prolactin release to cause impotence+!
23T1: Mucuna $ruriens is not an impotence (/01 - it has been shown to IM$03'1 se%ual
functionin#, not to restore it if it is not there. 3ther factors such as circulator capacit to ensure
blood flow to the penis, heav metal to%icit, 1M9 )electroma#netic field+ pollution )lowers
testosterone+ and other issues M/.T be addressed.
I endeavor to provide a broad spectrum of solutions so ou can discover what ou personall
need to achieve $ea! $otenc!
Mucuna $ruriens Dopamine Benefits
7hat are the important benefits of havin# a health amount of Dopamine in our bodies= More
ener#, improved mood, better mental focus, more motivation. .e%ual benefits include increased
serum testosterone, increased libido,
3ther Mucuna Pruriens Benefits:
Improved mood and feelin# of well-bein#........Mental clarit.......Better sleep
"nabolic: increased lean muscle mass, decreased fat......Increases bone densit, helps reverse
osteoporosis
.moother s!in.....tron#er immune sstem
;elps re#enerate or#ans....;ealthier cholesterol profile
9ootnotes:
4 - Macuna $ruriens $roves More 1ffective than L-D3$" in $ar!inson*s Disease "nimal Model.
;ussain,>: Manam,B': $htother 0es 44 ?: 64@-6<A )4@@B+
< - .e%ual 9unction Improvin# 1ffect of Macuna $ruriens in .e%uall 2ormal Male 0ats.
"min,CMD: Chan,M2: Eillur-0ehman,.: Chan,2": 9itoterapia ?B 4: ,A-,F )4@@?+
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GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

Parkinson(s disease )also !nown as $ar!inson disease or $ar!inson*s Disease+ is a
de#enerative disorder of the central nervous sstem that often impairs the sufferer*s motor s!ills
and speech.
"lso called: $aralsis a#itans, .ha!in# pals
;istor of $ar!inson*s Disease
.mptoms of $ar!inson*s disease have been !nown and treated since ancient times. ;owever, it
was not formall reco#ni&ed and its smptoms were not documented until 4F4B, in "n 1ssa on
the .ha!in# $als. b the British phsician Hames $ar!inson. $ar!inson*s disease was then
!nown as paralsis a#itans, the term I$ar!inson*s diseaseI bein# coined later b Hean Martin
(harcot. The underlin# biochemical chan#es in the brain were identified in the 4@,-*s, due
lar#el to the wor! of .wedish scientist "rwid (arlsson, who later went on to win a 2obel pri&e.
$ar!inson*s disease is a disorder that affects nerve cells, or neurons, in a part of the brain that
controls muscle movement. In $ar!inson*s, neurons that ma!e a chemical called dopamine die or
do not wor! properl. Dopamine normall sends si#nals that help coordinate our movements.
$ar!inson*s is a disease that causes a pro#ressive loss of nerve cell function in the part of the
brain that controls muscle movement. $ro#ressive means that this disease*s effects #et worse
over time.
.mptoms of $ar!inson*s Disease
$ar!inson*s disease belon#s to a #roup of conditions called movement disorders. The primar
smptoms are the results of decreased stimulation of the motor corte% b the basal #an#lia,
normall caused b the insufficient formation and action of dopamine ,which is produced in the
dopaminer#ic neurons of the brain. .econdar smptoms ma include hi#h level co#nitive
dsfunction and subtle lan#ua#e problems. $ar!inson*s Disease is both chronic and pro#ressive.
$ar!inson*s Disease is the most common cause of par!insonism a #roup of similar smptoms.
$ar!inson*s Disease is also called Iprimar par!insonismI or Iidiopathic $ar!inson*s DiseaseI
)havin# no !nown cause+. 7hile most forms of par!insonism are idiopathic, there are some cases
where the smptoms ma result from to%icit, dru#s, #enetic mutation, head trauma, or other
medical disorders.
1arl smptoms of $ar!inson*s Disease are subtle and occur #raduall. "ffected people ma feel
mild tremors or have difficult #ettin# out of a chair. The ma notice that the spea! too softl or
that their handwritin# is slow and loo!s cramped or small. The ma lose trac! of a word or
thou#ht, or the ma feel tired, irritable, or depressed for no apparent reason. This ver earl
period ma last a lon# time before the more classic and obvious smptoms appear.
9riends or famil members ma be the first to notice chan#es in someone with earl $ar!inson*s
Disease. The ma see that the person*s face lac!s e%pression and animation )!nown as
Imas!ed faceI+ or that the person does not move an arm or le# normall. The also ma notice
that the person seems stiff, unstead, or unusuall slow.
"s the disease pro#resses, the sha!in# or tremor that affects the maJorit of $ar!inson*s patients
ma be#in to interfere with dail activities. $atients ma not be able to hold utensils stead or
the ma find that the sha!in# ma!es readin# a newspaper difficult. Tremor is usuall the
smptom that causes people to see! medical help.
$eople with $ar!inson*s Disease often develop a so-called $ar!insonian #ait that includes a
tendenc to lean forward, small 8uic! steps as if hurrin# forward )called festination+, and
reduced swin#in# of the arms. The also ma have trouble initiatin# movement )start hesitation+,
and the ma stop suddenl as the wal! )free&in#+.
$ar!inson*s Disease does not affect everone the same wa, and the rate of pro#ression differs
amon# patients. Tremor is the maJor smptom for some patients, while for othersK tremor is
none%istent or ver minor.
$ar!inson*s Disease smptoms often be#in on one side of the bod. ;owever, as it pro#resses,
the disease eventuall affects both sides. 1ven after the disease involves both sides of the bod,
the smptoms are often less severe on one side than on the other.
The four primar smptoms of $ar!inson*s Disease are:
Tremor. The tremor associated with $ar!inson*s Disease has a characteristic appearance.
Tpicall, the tremor ta!es the form of a rhthmic bac!-and-forth motion at a rate of 6-? beats per
second. It ma involve the thumb and forefin#er and appear as a Ipill rollin#I tremor. Tremor
often be#ins in a hand, althou#h sometimes a foot or the Jaw is affected first. It is most obvious
when the hand is at rest or when a person is under stress. 9or e%ample, the sha!in# ma
become more pronounced a few seconds after the hands are rested on a table. Tremor usuall
disappears durin# sleep or improves with intentional movement.
0i#idit-. 0i#idit, or a resistance to movement, affects most people with $ar!inson*s Disease. "
maJor principle of bod movement is that all muscles have an opposin# muscle. Movement is
possible not Just because one muscle becomes more active, but because the opposin# muscle
rela%es. In $ar!inson*s Disease, ri#idit comes about when, in response to si#nals from the brain,
the delicate balance of opposin# muscles is disturbed. The muscles remain constantl tensed
and contracted so that the person aches or feels stiff or wea!. The ri#idit becomes obvious when
another person tries to move the patient*s arm, which will move onl in ratchet-li!e or short, Jer!
movements !nown as Ico#wheelI ri#idit.
Brad!inesia. - Brad!inesia, or the slowin# down and loss of spontaneous and automatic
movement, is particularl frustratin# because it ma ma!e simple tas!s somewhat difficult. The
person cannot rapidl perform routine movements. "ctivities once performed 8uic!l and easil L
such as washin# or dressin# L ma ta!e several hours.
$ostural instabilit.- $ostural instabilit, or impaired balance, causes patients to fall easil.
"ffected people also ma develop a stooped posture in which the head is bowed and the
shoulders are drooped.
" number of other smptoms ma accompan $ar!inson*s Disease. .ome are minorK others are
not. Man can be treated with medication or phsical therap. 2o one can predict which
smptoms will affect an individual patient, and the intensit of the smptoms varies from person to
person.
M Depression. This is a common problem and ma appear earl in the course of the disease,
even before other smptoms are noticed. 9ortunatel, depression usuall can be successfull
treated with antidepressant medications. ;allucinations,delusions and paranoia ma develop.
M 1motional chan#es. .ome people with $ar!inson*s Disease become fearful and insecure.
$erhaps the fear the cannot cope with new situations. The ma not want to travel, #o to
parties, or sociali&e with friends. .ome lose their motivation and become dependent on famil
members. 3thers ma become irritable or uncharacteristicall pessimistic.
M Difficult with swallowin# and chewin#. Muscles used in swallowin# ma wor! less efficientl
in later sta#es of the disease. In these cases, food and saliva ma collect in the mouth and bac!
of the throat, which can result in cho!in# or droolin#. These problems also ma ma!e it difficult to
#et ade8uate nutrition. .peech-lan#ua#e therapists, occupational therapists, and dieticians can
often help with these problems.
M .peech chan#es. "bout half of all $ar!inson*s Disease patients have problems with speech.
The ma spea! too softl or in a monotone, hesitate before spea!in#, slur or repeat their words,
or spea! too fast. " speech therapist ma be able to help patients reduce some of these
problems.
M /rinar problems or constipation. In some patients, bladder and bowel problems can occur
due to the improper functionin# of the autonomic nervous sstem, which is responsible for
re#ulatin# smooth muscle activit. .ome people ma become incontinent, while others have
trouble urinatin#. In others, constipation ma occur because the intestinal tract operates more
slowl. (onstipation can also be caused b inactivit, eatin# a poor diet, or drin!in# too little fluid.
The medications used to treat $ar!inson*s Disease also can contribute to constipation. It can be
a persistent problem and, in rare cases, can be serious enou#h to re8uire hospitali&ation.
M .!in problems. In $ar!inson*s Disease, it is common for the s!in on the face to become ver
oil, particularl on the forehead and at the sides of the nose. The scalp ma become oil too,
resultin# in dandruff. In other cases, the s!in can become ver dr. These problems are also the
result of an improperl functionin# autonomic nervous sstem. .tandard treatments for s!in
problems can help. 1%cessive sweatin#, another common smptom, is usuall controllable with
medications used for $ar!inson*s Disease.
M .leep problems. .leep problems common in $ar!inson*s Disease include difficult stain#
asleep at ni#ht, restless sleep, ni#htmares and emotional dreams, and drowsiness or sudden
sleep onset durin# the da. $atients with $ar!inson*s Disease should never ta!e over-the-
counter sleep aids without consultin# their phsicians.
M Dementia or other co#nitive problems. .ome, but not all, people with $ar!inson*s Disease
ma develop memor problems and slow thin!in#. In some of these cases, co#nitive problems
become more severe, leadin# to a condition called $ar!inson*s dementia late in the course of the
disease. This dementia ma affect memor, social Jud#ment, lan#ua#e, reasonin#, or other
mental s!ills.
M 3rthostatic hpotension. N 3rthostatic hpotension is a sudden drop in blood pressure when
a person stands up from a lin#-down position. This ma cause di&&iness, li#htheadedness, and,
in e%treme cases, loss of balance or faintin#. .tudies have su##ested that, in $ar!inson*s
Disease, this problem results from a loss of nerve endin#s in the smpathetic nervous sstem
that controls heart rate, blood pressure, and other automatic functions in the bod. The
medications used to treat $ar!inson*s Disease also ma contribute to this smptom.
M Muscle cramps and dstonia. The ri#idit and lac! of normal movement associated with
$ar!inson*s Disease often causes muscle cramps, especiall in the le#s and toes. Massa#e,
stretchin#, and applin# heat ma help with these cramps. $ar!inson*s Disease also can be
associated with dstonia L sustained muscle contractions that cause forced or twisted positions.
Dstonia in $ar!inson*s Disease is often caused b fluctuations in the bod*s level of dopamine.
It can usuall be relieved or reduced b adJustin# the person*s medications.
M $ain. Man people with $ar!inson*s Disease develop achin# muscles and Joints because of
the ri#idit and abnormal postures often associated with the disease. (ertain e%ercises also ma
help. $eople with $ar!inson*s Disease also ma develop pain due to compression of nerve roots
or dstonia-related muscle spasms. In rare cases, people with $ar!inson*s Disease ma develop
une%plained burnin#, stabbin# sensations. This tpe of pain, called Icentral pain,I ori#inates in
the brain. Dopaminer#ic dru#s, opiates, antidepressants, and other tpes of dru#s ma all be
used to treat this tpe of pain.
M 9ati#ue and loss of ener#. The unusual demands of livin# with $ar!inson*s Disease often
lead to problems with fati#ue, especiall late in the da. 9ati#ue ma be associated with
depression or sleep disorders, but it also ma result from muscle stress or from overdoin# activit
when the person feels well. 9ati#ue also ma result from a!inesia O trouble initiatin# or carrin#
out movement. 1%ercise, #ood sleep habits, stain# mentall active, and not forcin# too man
activities in a short time ma help to alleviate fati#ue.
M .e%ual dsfunction. $ar!inson*s Disease often causes erectile dsfunction because of its
effects on nerve si#nals from the brain or because of poor blood circulation. $ar!inson*s
Disease-related depression or use of antidepressant medication also ma cause decreased se%
drive and other problems. These problems are often treatable.

.ensation disturbances
Impaired visual contrast sensitivit , spatial reasonin#, colour discrimination, conver#ence
insufficienc )characteri&ed b double vision + and oculomotor disturbances.
Di&&iness and faintin#K usuall attributable to orthostatic hpotension, a failure of the autonomous
nervous sstem to adJust blood pressure in response to chan#es in bod position
Impaired propriception )the awareness of bodil position in three-dimensional space+
0eduction or loss of sense of smell )microsmia or anosmia+ - can occur ears prior to dia#nosis,
$ain: neuropathic, muscle, Joints and tendons, attributable to tension, dstonia, ri#idit, Joint
stiffness, and inJuries associated with attempts at accommodation
(ause of $ar!inson*s Disease
The main causes could be #raded under four headin#s:
>enetic
To%ins
;ead inJur
Dru# induced
$ar!inson*s disease occurs when nerve cells, or neurons, in an area of the brain !nown as the
substantia ni#ra die or become impaired. 2ormall, these neurons produce an important brain
chemical !nown as dopamine. Dopamine is a chemical messen#er responsible for transmittin#
si#nals between the substantia ni#ra and the ne%t Irela stationI of the brain, the corpus striatum,
to produce smooth, purposeful movement. Loss of dopamine results in abnormal nerve firin#
patterns within the brain that cause impaired movement. .tudies have shown that most
$ar!inson*s patients have lost ?- to F- percent or more of the dopamine-producin# cells in the
substantia ni#ra b the time smptoms appear. 0ecent studies have shown that people with
$ar!inson*s Disease also have loss of the nerve endin#s that produce the neurotransmitter nor
epinephrine. 2or epinephrine, which is closel related to dopamine, is the main chemical
messen#er of the smpathetic nervous sstem, the part of the nervous sstem that controls man
automatic functions of the bod, such as pulse and blood pressure. The loss of nor epinephrine
mi#ht help e%plain several of the non-motor features seen in $ar!inson*s Disease, includin#
fati#ue and abnormalities of blood pressure re#ulation.
.cientists have identified several #enetic mutations associated with $ar!inson*s Disease, and
man more #enes have been tentativel lin!ed to the disorder. .tudin# the #enes responsible
for inherited cases of $ar!inson*s Disease can help researchers understand both inherited and
sporadic cases. The same #enes and proteins that are altered in inherited cases ma also be
altered in sporadic cases b environmental to%ins or other factors.
"lthou#h the importance of #enetics in $ar!inson*s Disease is increasin#l reco#ni&ed, most
researchers believe environmental e%posures increase a person*s ris! of developin# the disease.
1ven in familial cases, e%posure to to%ins or other environmental factors ma influence when
smptoms of the disease appear or how the disease pro#resses. There are a number of to%ins,
such as 4-methl-6-phenl-4, <, A, ?-tetrahdropridine, or M$T$ )found in some !inds of
snthetic heroin+, that can cause $ar!inson Ian smptoms in humans. 3ther, still-unidentified
environmental factors also ma cause $ar!inson*s Disease in #eneticall susceptible individuals.
'iruses are another possible environmental tri##er for $ar!inson*s Disease. $eople who
developed encephalopath after a 4@4F influen&a epidemic were later stric!en with severe,
pro#ressive $ar!inson*s-li!e smptoms. " #roup of Taiwanese women developed similar
smptoms after contractin# herpes virus infections. In these women, the smptoms, which later
disappeared, were lin!ed to a temporar inflammation of the substantia ni#ra.
.everal lines of research su##est that mitochondria ma pla a role in the development of
$ar!inson*s Disease. Mitochondria are the ener#-producin# components of the cell and are
maJor sources of free radicals L molecules that dama#e membranes, proteins, D2", and other
parts of the cell. This dama#e is often referred to as o%idative stress. 3%idative stress-related
chan#es, includin# free radical dama#e to D2", proteins, and fats, have been detected in brains
of $ar!inson*s Disease patients.
3ther research su##ests that the cell*s protein disposal sstem ma fail in people with
$ar!inson*s Disease, causin# proteins to build up to harmful levels and tri##er cell death.
"dditional studies have found evidence that clumps of protein that develop inside brain cells of
people with $ar!inson*s Disease ma contribute to the death of neurons, and that inflammation or
over stimulation of cells )because of to%ins or other factors+ ma pla a role in the disease.
;owever, the precise role of the protein deposits remains un!nown. .ome researchers even
speculate that the protein buildup is part of an unsuccessful attempt to protect the cell. 7hile
mitochondrial dsfunction, o%idative stress, inflammation, and man other cellular processes ma
contribute to $ar!inson*s Disease, the actual cause of the dopamine cell death is still
undetermined.
$ar!inson*s Disease Dia#nosis
" doctor ma dia#nose a person with $ar!inson*s disease based on the patient*s smptoms,
neurolo#ical e%aminations and medical histor. 2o blood tests or %-ras can show whether a
person has $ar!inson*s disease. ;owever, some !inds of %-ras can help the doctor ma!e sure
nothin# else is causin# smptoms. If smptoms #o awa or #et better when the person ta!es a
medicine called levodopa, it*s fairl certain that he or she has $ar!inson*s disease.
The disease can be difficult to dia#nose accuratel. The /nified disease ratin# scale is the
primar clinical tool used to assist in dia#nosis and determine severit of $ar!inson*s Disease.
Indeed, onl B,P of clinical dia#noses of $ar!inson*s Disease are confirmed at autops. 1arl
si#ns and smptoms of $ar!inson*s Disease ma sometimes be dismissed as the effects of
normal a#in#. The phsician ma need to observe the person for some time until it is apparent
that the smptoms are consistentl present. /suall doctors loo! for shufflin# of feet and lac! of
swin# in the arms. Doctors ma sometimes re8uest brain scans or laborator tests in order to rule
out other diseases. ;owever, (T and M0I brain scans of people with $ar!inson*s Disease usuall
appear normal.
The /nified $ar!inson*s Disease 0atin# .cale )/$ar!inson*s Disease0.+ is a ratin# scale used
to follow the lon#itudinal course of $ar!insonQs disease. It is made up of the followin# sections:
Mentation, behavior, and moodK
"ctivities of dail livin#K
MotorK
(omplications of therapK
;oehn and Dahr .ta#eK
;oehn and Dahr .ta#in# of $ar!inson*s Disease
.ta#e one
.mptoms on one side of the bod onl.
.ta#e two
.mptoms on both sides of the bod. 2o impairment of balance.
.ta#e three
Balance impairment. Mild to moderate disease. $hsicall independent.
.ta#e four
.evere disabilit, but still able to wal! or stand unassisted.
.ta#e five
7heelchair-bound or bedridden unless assisted.
$ro#nosis of $ar!insonQs disease.
$ar!inson*s Disease is not b itself a fatal disease, but it does #et worse with time. The avera#e
life e%pectanc of a $ar!inson*s Disease patient is #enerall the same as for people who do not
have the disease. ;owever, in the late sta#es of the disease, $ar!inson*s Disease ma cause
complications such as cho!in#, pneumonia, and falls that can lead to death. 9ortunatel, there
are man treatment options available for people with $ar!inson*s Disease.
The pro#ression of smptoms in $ar!inson*s Disease ma ta!e <- ears or more. In some
people, however, the disease pro#resses more 8uic!l. There is no wa to predict what course
the disease will ta!e for an individual person.
Treatment of $ar!inson*s Disease
"llopathic treatment--
There is no cure for $ar!inson*s disease. But medicines can help control the smptoms of the
disease. .ome of the medicines used to treat $ar!inson*s disease include carbidopa-levodopa
)one brand name: .inemet+, bromocriptine )brand name: $arlodel+, sele#iline )one brand name:
1ldeprl+, pramipe%ole )brand name: Mirape%+, ropinirole )brand name: 0e8uip+, and tolcapone
)brand name: Tasmar+.
Medications to Treat the Motor .mptoms of $ar!inson*s disease
Dru#s that increase brain levels of dopamine
Levodopa
Dru#s that mimic dopamine )dopamine a#onists+
"pomorphine
Bromocriptine
$ramipe%ole
0opinirole
Dru#s that inhibit dopamine brea!down )M"3-B inhibitors+
.ele#iline )deprenl+
Dru#s that inhibit dopamine brea!down )(3MT inhibitors+
1ntacapone
Tolcapone
Dru#s that decrease the action of acetlcholine anticholiner#ics+N
Trihe%phenidl
Ben&tropine
1thopropa&ine
Dru#s with an un!nown mechanism of action for $ar!inson*s Disease
"mantadine

.ide effects of dru#s used for $ar!insonQs disease:
The most common dru#s used in the treatment are:
L-dopa O It is the most widel used dru# but also causes man side effects because onl 4-,P of
L-dopa enters dopaminer#ic neurons rest is metaboli&ed to dopamine elsewhere.
Initiall it causes complaints li!e:
2ausea
'omitin#
0educed blood pressure
0estlessness
Drowsiness and sudden sleep
Later it can complicate the condition even further and can cause:
;allucinations
$schosis
Doun#er patients of $ar!insonQs suffer more from its side effects as:
Ds!inesis
$ainful RoffQ dstonias
Tremors intensified
Ds!inesias, or involuntar movements such as twitchin#, twistin#, and writhin#, commonl
develop in people who ta!e lar#e doses of levodopa over an e%tended period. These movements
ma be either mild or severe and either ver rapid or ver slow. The dose of levodopa is often
reduced in order to lessen these dru#-induced movements. ;owever, the $ar!inson*s Disease
smptoms often reappear even with lower doses of medication. Doctors and patients must wor!
to#ether closel to find a tolerable balance between the dru#*s benefits and side effects.
The period of effectiveness after each dose ma be#in to shorten, called the wearin#-off effect.
"nother potential problem is referred to as the on-off effect L sudden, unpredictable chan#es in
movement, from normal to $ar!inson Ian movement and bac! a#ain. These effects probabl
indicate that the patient*s response to the dru# is chan#in# or that the disease is pro#ressin#.
Dopamine a#onists -
.omnolence
;allucinations
Insomnia
3edema
Less motor fluctuations
Ds!inesis )twistin# 5 turnin#+ movements
In rare cases, the can cause compulsive behavior, such as an uncontrollable desire to #amble,
hper se%ualit, or compulsive shoppin#. Bromocriptine can also cause fibrosis, or a buildup of
fibrous tissue, in the heart valves or the chest cavit. 9ibrosis usuall #oes awa once the dru#s
are stopped.
M"3-B inhibitors. These dru#s inhibit the en&me monoamine o%idase B, or M"3-B, which
brea!s down dopamine in the brain. M"3-B inhibitors cause dopamine to accumulate in
survivin# nerve cells and reduce the smptoms of $ar!inson*s Disease. .ele#iline, also called
deprenl, is an M"3-B inhibitor that is commonl used to treat $ar!inson*s Disease. .tudies
supported b the 2I2D. have shown that sele#iline can dela the need for levodopa therap b
up to a ear or more. 7hen sele#iline is #iven with levodopa, it appears to enhance and prolon#
the response to levodopa and thus ma reduce wearin#-off fluctuations. .ele#iline is usuall
well-tolerated, althou#h side effects ma include nausea, orthostatic hpotension, stomatitis or
insomnia. It should not be ta!en with the antidepressant fluo%etine or the sedative mepiridine,
because combinin# seli#iline with these dru#s can be harmful.
(3MT inhibitors. (3MT stands for catechol-3-methltransferase, another en&me that helps to
brea! down dopamine. Two (3MT inhibitors are approved to treat $ar!inson*s Disease in the
/nited .tates: entacapone and tolcapone. These dru#s prolon# the effects of levodopa b
preventin# the brea!down of dopamine. (3MT inhibitors can decrease the duration of IoffI
periods, and the usuall ma!e it possible to reduce the person*s dose of levodopa. The most
common side effect is diarrhea. The dru#s ma also cause nausea, sleep disturbances,
di&&iness, urine discoloration, abdominal pain, low blood pressure, or hallucinations. In a few
rare cases, tolcapone has caused severe liver disease. Because of this, patients ta!in#
tolcapone need re#ular monitorin# of their liver function.
"mantadine. "n antiviral dru#, amantadine, can help reduce smptoms of $ar!inson*s Disease
and levodopa-induced ds!inesia. It is often used alone in the earl sta#es of the disease. It
also ma be used with an anticholiner#ic dru# or levodopa. "fter several months, amantadine*s
effectiveness wears off in up to half of the patients ta!in# it. "mantadine*s side effects ma
include insomnia, mottled s!in, edema, a#itation, or hallucinations. 0esearchers are not certain
how amantadine wor!s in $ar!inson*s Disease, but it ma increase the effects of dopamine.
"nticholiner#ics. These dru#s, which include trihe%phenidl, ben&tropine, and ethopropa&ine,
decrease the activit of the neurotransmitter acetlcholine and help to reduce tremors and muscle
ri#idit. 3nl about half the patients who receive anticholiner#ics are helped b it, usuall for a
brief period and with onl a A- percent improvement. .ide effects ma include dr mouth,
constipation, urinar retention, hallucinations, memor loss, blurred vision, and confusion.
;omeopath Treatment S ;omeopathic 0emedies for $ar!inson*s Disease
;omeopath treats the person as a whole. It means that homeopathic treatment focuses on the
patient as a person, as well as his patholo#ical condition. The homeopathic medicines are
selected after a full individuali&in# e%amination and case-analsis, which includes the medical
histor of the patient, phsical and mental constitution etc. " miasmatic tendenc
)predisposition5susceptabilit+ is also often ta!en into account for the treatment of chronic
conditions. The medicines #iven below indicate the therapeutic affinit but this is not a complete
and definite #uide to the treatment of this condition. The smptoms listed a#ainst each medicine
ma not be directl related to this disease because in homeopath #eneral smptoms and
constitutional indications are also ta!en into account for selectin# a remed. To stud an of the
followin# remedies in more detail, please visit our Materia Medica section. 2one of these
medicines should be ta!en without professional advice.
0eportorial rubric:
Murph: Diseases: $aralsis-a#itans.
(lar!e: $aralsis a#itans.
Boeric!e: 2ervous sstem: $aralsis-Tpe - a#itans
;omeopathic 0emedies
"#ar., "m >r., "r#-n., "ur., Bufo.,(occ., (on., >els., ;elo., ;os. ,Lathr., Ma#-p., M10(.,
2u%-v., $hos., $lb., $uls., 0;/.-T., .tam., Tarent., ThuJ., EI2(.,.
Materia medica
Mercurius
7ea!ness of limbs, tremblin# of e%tremities, especiall hands. $araltic a#itans. Laceratin# pain
in Joints. (old and clamm sweat on limbs. 3il perspiration. Tremors everwhere in bod.
7ea!ness with tremblin# from least e%ertion. "ll smptoms are a##ravated at ni#ht, warmth of
bed, Damp, cold, rain weather and durin# perspiration. (omplaints increase durin# sweatin# and
rest. "ll smptoms alwas associated with weariness, prostration and tremblin#.
.low in answerin# 8uestions. Memor wea!ened and loss of will power. .!in alwas moist and
freel perspirin#. Itchin# worse warmth of bed.
Eincum-Metallicum
'iolent tremblin# )twitchin#+ of the whole bod especiall after emotions. Twitchin# in children.
(horea. $aralsis of hands and feet. Tremblin# of hands while writin#. Lameness, wea!ness,
tremblin# and twitchin# of various muscles. 9eet in continued motion, cannot !eep still. 7orse
touch, between ,-B pm., after dinner, better eatin#, dischar#es.
0hus-to%
7hen the tremors start with pain which is relieved b motion. There is stiffness of the parts
affected. 2umbness and formication, after overwor! and e%posure. $aralsisK tremblin# after
e%ertion. Limbs stiff and paralsed."ll Joints hot and painful. (rawlin# and tin#lin# sensation in the
tips of fin#ers. 7orse durin# sleep, cold, wet rain weather and after rain, ni#ht, durin# rest,
drenchin# and when lin# on bac! or ri#ht side. Better warm, dr weather, motion, wal!in#,
chan#e of position, rubbin#, stretchin# out limbs.
>elsemium
(enters its action on nervous sstem, causin# various de#rees of motor paralsis...Di&&iness,
drowsiness, dullness and tremblin# are the hallmar! of this remed. Tremblin# ran!s the hi#hest
in this remed, wea!ness and paralsis, especiall of the muscles of the head. $aralsis of
various #roups of muscles li!e ees, throat, chest, sphincters and e%tremities. ;ead remed for
tremors. Mind slu##ish and muscular sstem rela%ed. .ta##erin# #ait. Loss of power of muscular
control. (ramps in muscles of forearm. 1%cessive tremblin# and wea!ness of all limbs. 7orse b
dampness, e%citement, bad news. Better b bendin# forwards, profuse urination, continued
motion and open air.
"r#entum 2itricum
It is complimentar to >elsemium. Memor impairedK easil e%cited and an#eredK flatulence and
#reenish diarrhea.Inco-ordination, loss of control and imbalance with tremblin# and #eneral
debilit. $aralsis with mental and abdominal smptoms. 0i#idit of calves. 7al!s and stands
unsteadil. 2umbness of bod. .peciall arms.
"#aricus Muscarius
Tremblin#, itchin# and Jer!in#, stiffness of musclesK itchin# of s!in over the affected parts and
e%treme sensitiveness of the spine. (annot bear touch. Her!in# and tremblin# are stron#
indications. (horea and twitchin# ceases durin# sleep. $aralsis of lower limbs with spasmodic
conditions of arms. 2umbness of le#s on crossin# them. $araltic pain in left arm followed b
palpitation. .tiffness all over with pain over hips.
(occulus
;ead trembles while eatin# and when it is raised hi#her. Cnees sin! down from wea!ness. Totters
while wal!in# with tendenc to fall on one side. (rac!in# of the !nee when movin#. Lameness
worse b bendin#. Tremblin# and pain in limbs. 3ne-sided paralsis worse after sleep. Intensel
painful, paraltic drawin#. Limbs strai#htened out and painful when fle%ed.
It shows special affinit for li#ht haired females especiall durin# pre#nanc.
Lathrus
Tremors of the upper e%tremities with paraltic wea!ness of the lower limbs. 9eels as if limbs are
hard and contractedK limbs feel heav. 9eels as if floor is irre#ular and is obli#ed to !eep his ees
on the #round to #uide his feet. "ffects the lateral and anterior columns of cord. Does not produce
pain. 0efle%es alwas increased. Lateral sclerosis and Infantile paralsis. 9in#er tips numb.
Tremulous, totterin# #ait. 1%cessive ri#idit of le#s with spastic #ait. Cnees !noc! a#ainst each
other while wal!in#. (annot e%tend or cross le#s when sitin#..tiff and lame an!les.
$hsosti#ma
Mar!ed fibrillar tremors and spasms of the muscles, worse from motion or application of cold
water. $alpitation and flutterin# of the heart felt throu#hout the bod. Depresses the motor and
refle% activit of the cord and causes the loss of sensibilit to pain, muscle wea!ness and
paralsis. $aralsis and tremors, chorea. Menin#eal irritation with ri#idit of muscles. $ain in ri#ht
popliteal space. Burnin# and tin#lin# in spine. ;ands and feet numb with sudden Jer!in# of limbs
on #oin# to sleep. (ramp pain in limbs.
"mbra >risea
Tremors with numbness, limbs #o to sleep on the sli#htest movement, coldness and stiffness of
limbs. The fin#er nails become brittle and are shriveled. (ramps in hands and fin#ers. 7orse
#raspin# anthin#. (ramps in le#s. 1%treme nervous hpersensitiveness. Dread of people and
desire to be alone. Music causes weepin#. 3ne sided complains call for it.
;eloderma
Tremblin# alon# nerves in limbs. Tired feelin#, ver wea! and nervous, faintin#, numb sensation.
It causes locomotor ata%ia. The ees become more prominent and corneal opacities visible. 'er
depressed and sensation as if would fall on ri#ht side. .ensation as if wal!in# on spon#e. "s if
the feet were swollen. 7hen wal!in#, lifts feet hi#her than usual and puts down heel hard.
.tretchin# relieves pains in muscles and limbs.
Ma#-phos
Tremblin#K sha!in# of hands, involuntar. $aralsis a#itans. (ramps in calves, feet ver tender.
Twitchin#, (horea, cramps. 2umbness of fin#er tips. 7orse ri#ht side, cold, touch, ni#ht. Better
warmth, bendin# double, pressure and friction.
Bufo 0ana
.pecial action on nervous sstem. $ainful paralsis. $ain in loins, numbness and cramps.
.ta##erin# #ait. 9eels as if a pe# is driven into Joints. 7orseL7arm room. Better bathin# or cold
air. $uttin# feet in cold water.
Tarentula
0emar!able nervous phenomena. (horea, e%treme restlessness and $aralsis a#itans. Must
!eep in constant motion even thou#h wal!in# a##ravates. 2umbness of le#s with twitchin# and
Jer!in#s.1%traordinar contractions and movements.
$lumbum Metalicum
$araltic a#itans. $aralsis of sin#le muscles. (annot raise or lift anthin#. 1%tension is difficult.
$aralsis from over-e%ertion of e%tensor muscles in piano plaers. 7rist drop. Loss of patellar
refle%. $ain in ri#ht bi# toe at ni#ht. ;ands and feet cold. Infantile paralsis and neuritis.
(onium
;eav, wear and paral&ed limbs. Tremblin# and unstead hands. Muscular wea!ness
especiall of lower e%tremities. $erspiration of hands. $uttin# feet on chair relieves. "scendin#
paralsis endin# in death b failure of respiration. 7orse b lin# down, turnin# or risin# in bed,
cold, e%ertion. Better b dar!ness, limbs han#in# down, motion, pressure.