JIS

J APANESE
INDUSTRIAL
STANDARD
Tr ansl at ed and Publ i shed by
Japanese St andards Association
Testing methods for water absorbency
of textiles
ICs 59.080.01
Reference number : JIS L 1907 : 2004 (E)
PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT 8s
L 1907: 2004
Foreword
This translation has been made based on the original J apanese Industrial
Standard revised by the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry through
deliberations at the J apanese Industrial Standards Committee, as the
result of proposal for revision of J apanese Industrial Standard submitted
by J apan Textile Evaluation Technical Council (J TETC)/J apanese
Standards Association (J SA) with the draft being attached, based on
the provision of Article 12 Clause 1 of the Industrial Standardization
Law applicable to the case of revision by the provision of Article 14.
Consequently JIS L 1907:1994 is replaced with this Standard.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some parts of this Standard
may conflict with a patent right, application for a patent after opening
to the public, utility model right or application for registration of utility
model after opening to the public which have technical properties. The
relevant Minister and the J apanese I ndustrial Standards Committee
are not responsible for identifying the patent right, application for a
patent after opening to the public, utility model right or application for
registration of utility model after opening to the public which have the
said technical properties.
Date of Establishment: 1994-11-01
Date of Revision: 2004-09-20
Date of Public Notice in Official Gazette: 2004-09-21
Investigated by: J apanese Industrial Standards Committee
Standards Board
Technical Committee on Consumer Life
Products
TIS L 1907 :2004, First English edition published in 2005-03
Translated and publ i shed by: J apanese Standards Association
4-1-24, Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 107-8440 J APAN
I n the event of any doubts arising as to the contents,
the original J IS is to be the final authority.
O J SA 2005
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any
means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in
writing from the publisher.
Printed in J apan
N/HB
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L 1907 : 2004
Contents
Page
............................................................................................................................
Scope 1
................................................................................................
Normative references 1
Definitions 1
Sampling and preparation of sample or specimen 1
Test condition 1
Classification of test 1
Test method 2
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7.1 Water absorption rate (water absorption rate method) ................................. 2
7.2 Water absorption ratio (water absorption ratio method) ............................... 5
7.3 Maximum water absorption rate and water absorption amount
at the point of the maximum water absorption rate
(surface water absorption method) 7
.....................................................................
(i)
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J APANESE INDUSTRIAL STANDARD
JIS L 1907 : 2004
Testing methods for
water absorbency of textiles
1
water absorbency of textiles.
Scope This J apanese I ndustrial Standard specifies the testing methods for
2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which,
through reference in this Standard, constitute provisions of this Standard. The most
recent editions (including amendments) of the standards indicated below shall be
applied.
J I S B 7516 Metal rules
J I S K 0050
J I S L 0105
J I S L 0208
J I S P 3801
J I S R 3503
J I S R 3504
J I S R 3505 Volumetric glassware
J I S Z 8401
General rules for chemical analysis
General principles of physical testing methods for textiles
Glossary of terms used i n textile industry - Testing
Filter paper (for chemical analysis)
Glass apparatus for chemical analysis
Glass material for chemical analysis
Guide to the rounding of numbers
3
0105 and JIS L 0208 apply.
Definitions For the purposes of this Standard, the definitions given in JIS L
4 The sample shall be
taken according to 5.3 (i) or (2) of JIS L 0105. The specimen to be used for test shall
be kept under the standard condition prior to the test according to 4.3 (i) of JIS L
0105.
Sampling and preparation of sample or specimen
5 Test condition The test shall be carried out in a laboratory under the standard
condition according to 4.1 and 4.2 of JIS L 0105. If it is impossible to keep the
laboratory at the standard condition, the test shall be carried out at a laboratory
under the nearest possible condition to that of the standard, and the temperature
and humidity when tested shall be mentioned in the test report.
6 Classification of test
classes and carried out by a suitable method selected among them.
The test shall be classified into the following three
a)
Water absorption rate (water absorption rate method)
i ) Dripping method This method shall be mainly applied to other than
water repellent textiles (containing oil content like hair, and others). For
pile fabrics which have high water absorbency, this method can be applied
by using sugar water in place of water.
This method shall be mainly applied to other than the
textiles with high water absorbency.
2) Byreck method
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L 1907 : 2004
3)
Sinking method This method shall be applied to the textiles of which the
fabric structure is comparatively simple and untreated.
b) Water absorption ratio (water absorption ratio method) This method
shall be mainly applied to the textiles with high water absorbency.
c) Maximum water absorption rate and water absorption amount at the
point of maximum water absorption rate (surface water absorption
method) This method shall be mainly applied to the textiles with high water
absorbency.
7 Test method
7.1 Water absorption rate (water absorption rate method)
7.1.1 Dripping method The dripping method shall be as follows:
a) Apparatus The apparatus shall consist of the following as shown i n figure 1.
Specimen holding frame A metallic ring as shown in figure 2 or capable
of holding the specimen in equal to this.
Burette
1)
2)
3) Stopwatch, graduated by 0.5 s.
4) Light source,
A burette with a stop cock specified in JIS R 3505.
500 lx to 1 O00 lx in brightness and capable of confirming
visually the mirror reflection of water.
Unit: mm Unit: mm
holding
Y
frame
7
Inside frame
x. 2
'L Outside
frame
Figure 1 Testing apparatus Figure 2 Specimen holding
for dripping method frame
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L 1907 : 2004
b) Procedure Take five specimens of approximately 200 mm x 200 mm i n size
from the sample in clause 4.
Then, fix the specimen to the specimen holding frame (l), adjust so that the
height from the surface of specimen to the tip of burette becomes 10 mm, drop
one drip of water ( 2) from the burette, and measure the time from the waterdrop
reaching on the surface of specimen to its no longer indicating a special reflection(3)
to the nearest 0.5 s with a stopwatch.
For the test result, the mean value of five measurements of the time until the
waterdrop on specimen no longer indicates a special reflection shall be expressed
by rounding off to an integer according to JIS Z 8401.
Notes (I ) The specimen holding frame is placed between the light source and the
observer and observed from the angle at which the special light reflection
of waterdrop can be clearly observed.
(2) The water shall be that specified in JIS K 0050 and be 20 "C f 2 "C i n
temperature. In the case of the specimen of high water absorbency, 50
% or 65 % sugar water may be used in place of water. I n this case, the
correction value shall be 0.141 for 50 % and 0.023 for 65 %.
( 3) The sentence, "its no longer indicating a special reflection", means the
condition that the mirror reflection disappears as the specimen absorbs
the waterdrop and only wetness remains.
c)
Test report
i) Classification of test
2j
3)
4)
The following information shall be mentioned in the test report.
Measured surface (the front or back of specimen)
Concentration of sugar water (when sugar water is used in place of water) (%I
Water absorption rate (the time until a special reflection is no longer seen)
(sj and its mean value (s)
7.1.2 Byreck method Byreck method shall be as follows:
a) Apparatus The apparatus shall consist of the following as shown in figure 3.
Water bath, of such a size as its walls do not contact the supporting frame
of horizontal bar.
Supporting frame of horizontal bar, capable of fixing a horizontal bar
which descends vertically to the water bath.
Horizontal bar, water proofing and made of the material capable of fixing
the specimen.
i )
2)
3)
4) Scale, specified in JIS B 7516.
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L 1907 : 2004
Specimen -,, ,- Horizontal bar
Supporting frame
of horizontal bar
7
I J
Scale
-Water tank
Figure 3 Testing apparatus of Byreck method
b) Procedure Take from the sample in clause 4, five specimens of 200 mm x 25
mm in size respectively in longitudinal and lateral directions for woven fabrics
and in wale and course directions for knitted fabrics.
Then, after fixing the specimens onto the horizontal bar supported over the
water surface of water bath containing water (4) by using pins and the like, lower
the horizontal bar to adjust so that the lower ends of specimens are immersed in
water, and leave them as they are for 10 min. After leaving them as they are,
measure the height of water raised by a capillary phenomenon to the nearest 1
mm by using a scale.
The test result shall be expressed by the mean value of five measurements of
the height of water raised in longitudinal and lateral directions or wale and
course directions respectively by rounding off to an integer according to JIS Z
840 1.
Note ( 4) Water shal l be that specified i n JIS K 0050 and 20 "C f 2 "C i n
temperature. When i t is difficult to read the height of water raised by
capillary phenomenon, the aqueous solution, in which a water soluble
dye is lightly dissolved in water, may be used in place of water.
c ) Test report The following information shall be mentioned in the test report.
i) Classification of test
2)
3)
Name of dye (when water soluble dye is used)
Water absorption rate in longitudinal and lateral directions or wale and
course directions (height of water raised) (mm) and the mean value of
respective water absorption rate (mm)
7.1.3 Sinking method The sinking method shall be as follows.
a) Apparatus For the apparatus, the followings shall be used.
1) Water bath,
2) Stopwatch, graduated by 0.5 s.
sample in clause 4.
of such a size as i t does not contact the specimens.
b) Procedures Take three sheets of specimen of 10 mm x 10 mm size from the
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L 1907 : 2004
Then, after floating the specimen so as to make the measured surface
downward in the water bath containing water ( 2) , measure the time (5) until the
specimen is wetted and starts to sink into water to the nearest 1 s using a
stopwatch. When one or two sheets among the three specimens do not sink,
furthermore add three sheets of specimen and carry out the same operation.
The test result shall be expressed by the mean value of three measurements
of the time until the specimen is wetted and starts to sink into water by rounding
off to an integer according to JIS Z 8401. When one or two sheets among three
sheets of specimen do not sink, test another three sheets and express the mean
value of the specimens which have sunk among the six sheets.
Note ( 5) When the specimen does not sink after one hour or longer has elapsed,
it shall be regarded as no sinking.
c ) Test report The following information shall be mentioned in the test report.
i) Classification of test
2)
3)
Measured surface (the front or back of specimen)
Water absorption rate (the time until the specimen is wetted and starts to
sink into water) (s) and its mean value (s)
Number of no sinking specimens (when there idare specimen(s) not sinking
after one hour or longer have elapsed)
4)
7.2 Water absorption ratio (water absorption ratio method) The water
absorption ratio method shall be as follows.
a) Apparatus For the apparatus, the following shall be used.
1) Chemical balance,
2) Immersion bath, of such a size as it does not contact the specimens and
3) Weight, having sufficient mass to sink the specimen to the bottom of
4) Filter paper, of class 2 square filter paper (200 mm x 200 mm) specified
5) Roll wringer, as shown i n figure 4. The roll of wringer shall be
constructed so that load is uniformly applied on the roller 300 mm in length
and 50 mm to 65 mm in diameter by the upper press device (9 27.0 kg f 0.3
kg in mass, and the surface speed can be adjusted at 25 mm/s.
capable of weighing to the nearest 1 mg.
capable of keeping the water level of 200 mm or over.
immersion tank.
in JIS P 3801.
Note (9 The upper press device shall be composed of the upper roll and the frame
to support it, and i t is recommended to be constructed so that the mass
can be adjusted by weight.
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L 1907 : 2004
Upper
Immersion
press
-
bath -
Figure 4 Roll wringer
b) Procedure Take three sheets of specimen 75 mm x 75 mm in size from the
sample in clause 4.
Then, weigh the mass of specimen by using a chemical balance to the nearest
1 mg, put the specimen, to one end of which a sufficient weight capable of sinking
i t in water bath is fixed, into the immersion bath containing water (2> as shown
in figure 5, and adjust the water level so that the upper end of specimen comes
to 50 mm below the water surface and immerse for 20 min.
After immersing, take out the specimen from the immersion bath, place i t
between two sheets of dried filter papers, pass it in the roll wringer at 25 mds in
surface speed, then immediately weigh the mass of specimen to the nearest 1 mg
by using a chemical balance, and obtain the water absorption ratio according to
the following formula.
The test result shall be expressed by rounding off the mean value of three
measurements of water absorption ratio to an integer according to JIS Z 8401.
m2 - mi x 100
c =
ml
where, c : water absorption ratio (9'0)
ml : mass of specimen before water absorption (mg)
m2 : mass of specimen wrung by a roll wringer after
absorption (mg)
Unit : mm
Water level
t
Filter paper
200x 200
F Water 20 '
Height of
water
pl r- /751
Bottom of tank
' Ct 2 "C
O
O
-Immersion
bath
Figure 5 Installation method of specimen into immersion bath
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L 1907 : 2004
c)
Test report
i) Classification of test
2)
The following information shall be mentioned in the test report.
Water absorption ratio of specimen (9%) and its mean value (%I
7.3 Maximum water absorption rate and water absorption amount at the
point of the maximum water absorption rate (surface water absorption
method) The surface water absorption method shall be as follows.
a) Apparatus For the apparatus, the following shall be used.
i ) Measuring apparatus for water absorbency The apparatus consisting
of glass filter plate, water suction pipe, lifting device and the like as shown
in figure 6, equipped with the device capable of reading automatically the
amount of liquid in water suction pipe to the nearest 0.01 ml and having the
function of measuring the amount of water absorbed every one second
immediately after the specimen contacts the filter plate or that having the
function equal or superior to this.
Water suction pipe The glass pipe 10 mm to 12 mm in outside diameter,
6.0 mm f 0.3 mm in inside diameter and 10 ml in full scale, and of hard class
specified in JIS R 3504 or that having the performance equal or superior to
this.
The filter plate of No. 2 pore size specified in JIS R
3503, having 63 mm It 2 mmdiameter and the specified water flow resistance (7).
2)
3) Glass filter plate
Note ( 7) When sucking at 118 Pa f 2 Pa of suction pressure in a room under the
standard condition, the amount of water flow after 10 s shall be 3.36 ml
i. 0.01 ml.
Doughnut plate, made of polyethylene terephthalate, and 63 mm t- 2 mm
in outside diameter, 20.0 mm I 0.5 mm in inside diameter, 0.10 mm f 0.05
mm in thickness.
Specimen holder,
diameter and 480 g t- 5 g in mass.
Lifting device,
at the rate of 74 mm/min t- 5 mdmi n.
made of plastics or metal, and 60 mm f 2 mm in
capable of lowering the holder onto the glass filter plate
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L 1907 : 2004
Unit: mm
-Auxiliary tank
- -
\ 'water suction DiDe i Water suction
_ _
i Meniscus reading sensor
tank
60124
Specimen holder
20I0.5
63I 2 4
Doughnut plate
Figure 6 Measuring apparatus for water absorbency
b) Procedure
in clause 4.
Take five sheets of specimen 60 mm in diameter from the sample
Then, adjust the head difference (*I of measuring apparatus for water absorbency
at 30 mm * 1 mm, after adjusting so as to make the water suction pipe and glass
filter plate horizontal, fill the water suction tank with water(2), then supply
water to the water suction pipe up to zero point.
Next, place the doughnut plate on the glass filter plate, install the specimen
holder (9) fixed with specimen in the lifting device, lower the specimen holder on
the surface of glass filter plate at the rate of 74 mmmin k, 5 mm/min, measure
the amount of water absorption to the nearest 0.01 ml every one second from the
time when water absorption is sensed by the measuring apparatus for water
absorbency, and obtain the water absorption rate according to the following
formula. And, obtain the maximum water absorption rate and the amount of
water absorption at the point of the maximum water absorption rate from the
relation of water absorption amount to water absorption rate of every hour as
shown in the example of table 1.
The test result shall be expressed so that the mean value of five measurements
of the maximum water absorption rate and the water absorption amount at the
point of the maximum water absorption rate respectively are rounded off to two
decimal places according to JIS Z 8401. I n this case, the initial maximum value
shall be taken as "the maximum water absorption rate", and the water absorption
amount at this time shall be used as "the water absorption amount at the point
of maximum water absorption rate". As occasion demands, the saturated water
absorption amount shall be also used.
where, Cu, : water absorption rate at the point of n s (ml/s)
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9.
L 1907 : 2004
Time
S
Xn+i : water absorption amount at the point of ( n +i) s
X, : water absorption amount at the point of n s (mi)
(mi)
t : measuring interval of water absorption amount ( s )
Water Water Calculation method
absorption absorption
amount rate
ml mus
Table 1 Exampl e of method obtaining for water absorpti on rate
(0.02 - O ) +1 =0.02
0.02 0.02
l(O.10 - 0.02) i 1 =0.08
~ 1 0.08 i >
}(0.50 - 0.10) i 1 =0.40-Maximum water absorption rate
}(0.54 - O.50) +1 =O e o 4
0.50 0.40 Water absorption amount at
the point of maximum water
0.04 absorption rate
Notes (9 The head difference means the difference of height between the glass
filter plate and the centre of water suction pipe
(9) The specimen i s stuck to the bottom surface of specimen holder with
double-sided adhesive tape and the like.
c )
Test report
i) Classification of test
2)
3)
The following information shall be mentioned in the test report.
The front or back of specimen (when there is the front or back)
The maximum water absorption rate (ml/s), the water absorption amount at
the point of maximum water absorption rate (mi) and the mean values of
them, and as occasion demands the saturated water absorption amount (mi)
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Errata for JIS (English edition) are printed in Srandardizarzon Journal, published monthly
by the Japanese Standards Association, and also provided to subscribers of JIS (English
edition) in Monrhly Information.
Errata will be provided upon request, please contact:
Standardization Promotion Department, Japanese Standards Association
4- 1-24, Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 107-8440 J APAN
TEL. 03-3583-8002 FAX. 03-3583-0462
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