There are moments when the cut and paste process of Akkadian scribes becomes so

transparent that it is impossible to deny it. Whenever the scribes felt too confident
that they could not be beaten in their game, they put their guard down and made
terrible mistakes. One of these crucial moments was the equalisation of the
ideograms kum = lum corresponding to emitic verbs ha-a-lum = da-
kum respectively.
dku !"A# $ % &vb. '(
G. to kill ) to beat, strike Gt. to fight each other . to make s.o. kill s.o. N. to
be killed, e*ecuted
+ariants $ duku
,omparison with other emitic languages $
Arabic $ dq -. /break !the neck%/
dakku (1)
[Feeding Cooking]
0( to crush &in a mortar with a pestle( , to gring up &edibles or drugs( in a
mortar , to pound with a pestle ) 1( to crowd &about( )
,f. dakkuktu, madakku
dakkuktu &2r 333(
[Feeding Food]
$ name of an edible commodity
ee also $ dakkuktu, madakku, dakku (1)
madakku &mad4ku(
[Feeding Cooking]
0( $ a wooden mortar &for crushing ingredients( !kak madakku% $ a pestle
1( part of a loom
ee also $ dakku (1), dakkuktu
dakku (1)
[Feeding Cooking]
0( to crush &in a mortar with a pestle( , to gring up &edibles or drugs( in a
mortar , to pound with a pestle ) 1( to crowd &about( )
,f. dakkuktu, madakku
GUM
gaz
2
ga5 !6377%.
gum
gum !,829%.
kum
&see full listing(
naa
4
(naga
4
)
na:a !;O8TA8%&
:e<
na:a=(.
qum
&see full listing(
>ull listing.
Also gas
1
, gu
?
, kas
@
, ku
0A
, kun
A
, qu, <a
B
, <aqu
A
.
!UM
gum
2
gum !,829%.
gum !7A;C%.
gum !;AD"C%.
gun
"
gunu !EC,67CF%.
guz
gu5 !T2>TCF%.
#um (#umu)
hum !EA8A7G#C%.
hum !DAE%.
lam
$
(!UM)
lam !>7O2839%.
lum (luma lumu)
lug !TW3T%.
lum !CH,8C;CDT%.
lum !>823T%.
lum !+CC7% &
dug
lum(.
num
2
&see full listing(
>ull listing.
Also egir
I
, e:ir
I
, gam
*
&72;(, gu
0I
, gud
@
, gumu, hu
I
, hus, hu5, kun
*
&72;(,
ku:
*
&72;(, kus
1
, kuJ
1
, lu
=
, nim
=
, nu
=
, qum
A
.
gum !,829% &0?*$ CF 333b, Old Kabylonian( wr. gum) gum1 /to crush/
!0%
gum
!1%
gum
1
&gu5(
01 distinct forms attested) click to view forms table.
1. to %&us# (1'$(1))*)
L 7CHMCF 333bMCbla ++gum,, - .UM Cbla ign 7ist 0N. unknownMOld KabylonianMTell 9ammam etOTurkman ++gum,, - gu-
um - .UM - ha-a-lum tudio 9istoriae Ardens, 1?BO1B0 i B)++gum,, - - - he-su-u2 tudio
9istoriae Ardens, 1?BO1B0 i 0P) ++gum,, - - - da-kum tudio 9istoriae Ardens,
1?BO1B0 i 00.
L kud!fish%7CHMOld KabylonianMDippur al-kum-+ma ku/, OK Dippur 2ra = eg.@, NAQ.
ee$ :e<nimbar gum.
011 2340! gum=to crush) gu5=to be crushed.
We can see that the emitic scribe chopped two emitic verbs$
ha-a-lum
da-kum
in order to create two umerian phonetic values for the meaning crush and then the
scribe equali5ed these phonetic values as if they were etymologically related. We can
see that these equalisation is completely arbitrary and the only link between the two
is the fact that umerian is simply rubbish, a Runkyard where you mi* parts of
different cars and then call it a vehicle. umerian is a trash language because it was
created out of thin air. Dobody spoke umerian and every scribe created his own
umerian variant.
The equalisation ha-a-lum = da-kum S -lum = -kum is the most spectacular find of all
umerian verbs because it shows the futility of the effort to create a umerian
grammar. 3t is the final proof that umerian grammar simply does not e*ist.
>inally the scribe created another umerian arbitrary verb
$
ga5 !6377% &=P1*$ CF 333b, Old Akkadian, 7agash 33, 2r 333, Carly Old Kabylonian,
Old Kabylonian, unknown( wr. ga5) ga51) ka5? /to kill, slaughter) to grind, grate)
to beat) to thresh &grain() to e*ecute, impose a death sentence) to break/
Akk. dku) habtu) halu) kau) a!u)agu
ee 5u ga5!chew%.
!0%
ga5
!1%
ga5
1
!A%
ka5
?
NN distinct forms attested) click to view forms table.
1. to k5ll6 slaug#t1& (4)1$(1))*)
L 7CHMOld KabylonianMDippur a-za& gaz OK 6agal =BB) ++gaz,, - - - da-a-ku-um OK Aa @P?$1) ++gaz,, - - - ma-
ha-a-um OK Aa @P?$A. 7CHMunknownMunknown +dug, nam
7
-g1m1
89
-a-n5-:1; 5n
7
-gaz ,K P0?@1 r ii
AQ. C7AMCF 333bMunknown 1(a:<%)
89
mud; 5;-lu#gaz-za Dik 0, 1@= o i I. C7AMOld AkkadianMAdab lu2
7
mu-gaz Adab
P??IT0P@1 @) sa&
7
gaz-:1; al-ak Adab 0PBI A. C7AM2r 333MFrehem ;(d5:) sa sum gaz A2,T 0, IA0
1) 1(d5:) udun5ga lugal-1 g5&2-ta 5n-gaz U, 0P, P1? PI @) 5g5 lugal-:1; =a-gaz ;+D PI, 011 1.C7AM2r
333M"irsu 2(=a&5g) 1(=an2) 1(d5:) 2(;(d5:) s5la; ;(d5:) g5n2 u2-t5& gaz Amherst P@B o ii 1P) :1-lu2 gaz Amherst
P@B r i 1) 2(a:) +..., gu&
7
gaz5 gaz Amherst P@B r i @. C7AM2r 333MDippur u&uda !AGA> gaz KC PAM0,
PNA 1) gaz-da >s.>inkelstein, 0IB B) +..., $ sum
7
gazDATD ?1I I. C7AM2r
333M2mma +1(u), sa sum gaz Aegyptus 1N, 1I 10 i 0N) +U?!AGA>,1(u) sa sum gaz Aegyptus
1N, 1I 10 ii 0@) U?!AGA>
7
1(u) /(d5:) sa sum gaz Aegyptus 1N, 1I 10 r i 1A. C7AM2r
333M2r 1(=an2) +z5;, gaz 2CT A, PPNA =) "(=an2) z5; gaz 2CT A, PPNA 1) gaz na4 +..., 2CT A, P1BP
1)
g1:
1m1 s5g-ga =a-gaz 2CT A, P1B1 @) 2(d5:) g5n2
na
4gug za; gaz-=5 2CT A, P=0B 1) =a-a=-gaz 2CT
A, P@?@ N. C7AM2r 333Munclear+U?!AGA> ..., ;(d5:) s5la; +..., gaz
89
gu& AA 1PP r ii
0A) +U?!AGA> ..., numun +...,gaz
89
gu& AA 1PP r ii
0=) +1(=a&5g) 4(=an2) ..., ;(d5:) s5la; sum gaz 1(=a&5g) 4(=an2)-ta;+D 0A, @B@ A)
g1:
g5&5;-a-n5 5n-gaz
8
(.UM) Akkadica 00N P0@ O.01P B. C7AM2r 333Munknown 1(d5:) ku: udu z5; .A gaz GO 0I, 0?0
1. C7AMCarly Old KabylonianMunknownku;
ku:
2@AN-a-=a gaz-d1; =a-an-ga& K3D PB, 1N= 1. unknownMOld KabylonianMTell
9ammam etOTurkman ++gaz,, - ga-az - GAB - da-kum tudio 9istoriae Ardens, 1?BO1B0 i
01) ++gaz,, -- - ma-ha-um tudio 9istoriae Ardens, 1?BO1B0 i 0A) ++gaz,, - - - ha-a-
um
7
tudio 9istoriae Ardens, 1?BO1B0 i 0=) ++gaz,, - - - a-la-"um
7
tudio 9istoriae
Ardens, 1?BO1B0 i 0I. unknownMOld KabylonianMunknown 5n-gaz
7
3; PNP1PB o iii A) 5n-gaz
7
3;
PNP1PB o iii =.unknownMCF 333bM"irsu 1-gaz T3; PB, PB= 00Q) 2(a:<%) mud; gaz-gaz-za FE =?? o ii
1)
g1:
gag ka-ka-na :1;-gaz 8T, P0@ r ii 1. unknownMCF 333bMunknown 1-gaz FE PA0 =.unknownMOld
AkkadianMunknown ;(=an2<%) gu2-an-gaz Kridges p. =IP I) na-n1-gaz-1 ;, B, 1I1 N. unknownM2r
333M"irsu mun al-gaz-:1; K; ;essenger 1AB 1) ;(=an2) sum gazAT 0, 1IB
A) "(d5:) k5l5= sum gaz
C9
AT 0, A@A 0. unknownM2r 333M2mma 2(=an2) /(d5:)"(/(d5:) s5la; "(d5:) g5n2 sum gaz A8
83; PN 0A ?) 1(=an2) "(/(d5:) s5la; 4(d5:) g5n2naga gaz A8 83; PN 0A B) 1(d5:) s5la; 5g5-
sag sum gaz 9irose A11 I. unknownM2r 333Munclear 1(=a&5g) 4(=an2) "(d5:) s5la; sag sum gaz Fo,u 1@A
0. unknownMOld KabylonianMDippur dug nam-g1m12-n5-:1; 5n
7
-gaz AO, ==, IA I) dug nam-g1m12-n5-:1; 5n
7
-
gaz AO, ==, IA I.
ee$ dug ga5) :e<nimbar ga5) :iri gud ga5) ku< pe< sila ga5) pe< dug sila
ga5) sila ga5) tukul ga5.
2. to g&5nd6 g&at1 (1$()*)
L7CHMOld KabylonianMDippur ++gaz,, - ga-az - .UMD2 - a-ha-u2-um OK Aa @P?$0.
;. to =1at
4. to t#&1s# (g&a5n)
". to 1$1%ut16 5mEos1 a d1at# s1nt1n%1
/. to =&1ak
Akk. dku /to kill) to beat/) habtu /plunder/) halu) kau /to grind, grate/) a!u) agu /to
kill, slaughter/.
!1PP1% U. 9oyrup, 7engths Widths urfaces A0) ==.
!0BBI% 8. Cnglund, OrD @= ABIOAB@ n=0.
!0BB=% ;. ,ivil, >armerQs 3nstructions BI.
!0BBA% ;. ,ivil, t 9allo N? n1P.
011 2340! ga5=to strike &dead(.
umerian ga5 was created after the scribe chopped the Akkadian verb kau /to grind,
grate/ into several parts.
gaFaFu
tukur !,9CW% wr. tukur1) tukur) tukurA /to chew, gnaw) to shear, pluck wool/
Akk. gaau) kassu) se# siki
gaFFu
guru< bur !2D;D"% wr. guruIOu< bur1) gurIOruOu< bur1) guruI bur1 /V/ Akk. gau
5u du !K3TC% wr. 5u1 duA /to bite/ Akk. gau
5u ga5 !,9CW% wr. 5u1 ga5 /to chew/ Akk. gau
5u rah !K3TC% wr. 5u1 ra /to bite/ Akk. gau
5u sud !K3TC% wr. 5u1 sud1 /to bite/ Akk. gau
G&oto-01m5t5% Wg+5+rO
AH&oas5at5% 1tImologI Afroasiatic etymology
M1an5ng Qeat, munchQ
J1=&1K g5r
M1an5ng Qfood &for a Rourney(Q
Jausa guX5uri Y ArabV
G&oto-01m5t5% Wg+5+wO
M1an5ng QtumorQ
35g&1 g 5wa QtumorQ
35g&a5 (35g&5nLnLa) g 5wa Qcancer tumorQ
G&oto-01m5t5% Wg+5imO
AH&oas5at5% 1tImologI Afroasiatic etymology
M1an5ng QcutQ
J1=&1K g5m
A&a=5% g5m !OiO%
Not1s ,f. Arab gdZm id.
M1an5ng QcutQ
AzaIan ge55em
Ma=Il1 (AIt Mang1llat) eg5em
G&oto-01m5t5% Wg+5O
M1an5ng kind of bird of prey
J1=&1K EK. ga$ &gas( Qname of a bird of prey, supposed to be falconQ !Ua.
11?%
Nuda5% A&ama5% ga$$ &ba% ga$$( id. !ibid.%, !7evy WT; 3 A0@%.
am. ga$ Qa birdQ !Tal 0AB%
G1 1z (2t#5oE5an) g $, gu$ Qbird of prey, falcon, hawkQ !7"5. 10P%
Am#a&5% g $a Qa kind of hawkQ !6 1P1B%
Not1s !7"5. 10P%$ "e5., Amh., 9br. pK., Uud.
G&oto-01m5t5% Wgw5 0, 1 L Wg5 A L W g+55O = L Wgi55O I
AH&oas5at5% 1tImologI Afroasiatic etymology
M1an5ng Qtend, drive cattle to the wateringOplace) drive &beasts of burden(Q
0, Qgive moneyQ 1, Qown, possess, governQ A, QcattleQ =, Qclip) fleeceQ I
Akkad5an ga545u Qsheer &sheep and goats( OAkk on ,AF " IB, gi55O QclipQ
J1=&1K g[5 Qfleece &of sheep(Q, gi554 Qfleece, woolQ
0I&5an A&ama5% ge554 QtonsuraQ, ge55 t4 QvellusQ \]^_, `^abca de\`bf Kr
000
Manda5% A&ama5% gy5t Qfleece, woolQ
A&a=5% 55 Qcouper le poil, les cheveu*, la laine, etc.) tondre &les moutons(Q
K6 0 1?I) cf. w5 Qaller, marcher) passer, traverser) conduire des betes de
somme, des montures pour quelquQun) abreuver les bestiau*, les conduire aX
lQeauQ K6 0 AIA, 3+ Qdonner aX qqn telle ou telle somme dQargentQ AI=, cf. alO
aw54 O Qbrebis noire, dont le milieau du corps est blancQ AII
G1 1z (2t#5oE5an) g45, g454, gi54n Qtreasury, wealth, moneyQ 7"5 10P
&/Y"r. ga5a) also occurs in Aram.Oyr. ga554 going back to ;edian gan5a/(,
cf. g5i QmasterQ
35g&1 gg5 a Qpossess, dominateQ,
35g&a5 (35g&5nLnLa) gg5 a Qpossess, buyQ
Am#a&5% gg55a Qpossess, buy, governQ
A&go==a gg55a Qpossess, buy, governQ, gh5i Qcattle, moneyQ 7"ur API
GaHat gg55g QmasterQ) g 55g Qcattle, moneyQ
Ja&a&5 gg5a a QmasterQ
2ast 2t#5oE5% Wol #w g 5at, el g 54t Qcows, domestic animals, cattleQ
7"ur AP@
Gu&ag1 Wgg5a Qown, possess, govern, etc.Q 7"ur AP=) ;uh "og od g 55
Qcows, domestic animals, cattleQ, od. g 55oday QshepherdQ ibid. API