TOPPS Well Service EHS Roustabout

TOPPSWELLSERVICEINC.
MontezumaCreek,Utah
RedValley,Arizona
ENVIRONMENTAL,HEALTHAND
SAFETYMANUAL
Environmental,HealthandSafetyManual
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TOPPSWELLSERVICE,INC.ROUSTABOUTS
TableofContents:
Disclaimer:......................................................................................................................................2
CopyrightNotice.............................................................................................................................3
1.0CompanySafetyPolicyandProcedures...................................................................................4
2.0CompanyEHSMission............................................................................................................12
3.0GeneralSafetyRulesandCodeofSafePractices...................................................................17
4.0AssuredEquipmentGroundingConductorProgram..............................................................33
5.0BloodbornePathogens...........................................................................................................45
6.0PermitRequiredConfinedSpaces..........................................................................................61
7.0DisciplinaryProcedures&Methods.......................................................................................86
8.0ElectricalHazards....................................................................................................................91
9.0EmergencyActionPlans........................................................................................................107
10.0FallProtection.....................................................................................................................124
11.0FireProtection....................................................................................................................153
12.0FirstAid&CPR....................................................................................................................160
13.0HandandPortablePoweredTools.....................................................................................164
14.0HazardCommunication......................................................................................................177
15.0HazardIdentification&RiskAssessment...........................................................................202
15.2IdentifyingWorkplaceHazards...........................................................................................205
16.0HydrogenSulfideSpecificTraining.....................................................................................217
17.0IncidentInvestigationandReportingPolicy.......................................................................228
18.0CompanyPolicyforLaddersandStairways........................................................................242
19.0ToxicandHazardousMaterials...........................................................................................259
20.0LockoutTagoutProgram...................................................................................................284
21.0OccupationalNoiseExposure.............................................................................................306
22.0PersonalProtectiveEquipment..........................................................................................315
24.0RespiratoryProtectionProgram.........................................................................................324

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Disclaimer:
OSHAs Safety and Health Regulations are continuously being reinterpreted. Therefore,
TOPPS Well Service, Inc. (TWS) is unable to completely guarantee the exactness of the
information conveyed in this publication. TWS Roustabout division assumes no responsibility
andshallbeheldharmlessforanyinaccuraciesoromissionscontainedwithinthismanualand
shallnotbeheldliabletoanyextentorformforanyinjuryorlossresultingfromthemannerin
whichthisinformationisinterpretedand/orapplied.
Carefulefforthasbeendedicatedinordertoprovideasimplified,understandableexplanation
of OSHA regulaons based on currently available informaon. This Safety and Health
Manual is distributed with the agreement that TOPPS is not employed in providing legal or
otherspecializedbusinessservices.Shouldexpertassistanceberequired,retaintheservicesof
acompetentprofessional.

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Copyright Notice
Terms of Use & Legal Disclaimer
AllContentsCopyright2013TOPPSIncorporated.AllRightsReserved.
ManualContent
ThecontentsofallmaterialavailableonthismanualarecopyrightedbyTWSInc.unless
otherwiseindicated.CopyrightisclaimedastoanypartofanoriginalworkpreparedbyTWS
Inc.oremployeeaspartofthatperson'sofficialduties.AllrightsarereservedbyTWS,Inc.and
contentmaynotbereproduced,downloaded,disseminated,published,ortransferredinany
formorbyanymeans,exceptwiththepriorwrittenpermissionofTWS,Inc.orasindicated
below,exceptwiththepriorwrittenpermissionofandwithexpressattributiontoTWS,Inc.
Copyrightinfringementisaviolationoffederallawsubjecttocriminalandcivilpenalties.TWS,
Inc.isservicemarksoftheTOPPSWellService,Inc.Company.
TWSInc.Logo
TheTWSInc.logoisatrademarkoftheTOPPSWellService,Inc.Company.Employeesandthe
companypersonnelmayusethislogoonlyinapprovedways.Forfurtherinformation,please
contactOWNER.
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1.0 Company Safety Policy and Procedures
FromtheCompanySafetyCoordinator,
TheOccupationalSafetyandHealthActof1970clearlydefinedtherequirementtoprovidesafe
and healthful working conditions for all employees. Therefore, the safety and health of our
employeesisthefirstconsiderationinoperatingthisbusinesswithintheoilandgasindustry.
Safetyandhealthinourbusinessmustbepartofeveryoperation.Withoutquestion,itisevery
employeesresponsibilityatalllevels.
It is the intent of TOPPS Well Service, Inc. to comply with all laws which reside within the
jobsite. To do this, we must constantly be aware of conditions in all work areas that can
produce injuries. No employee is required to work at a job they know is not safe or healthful.
Your cooperation in detecting hazards and, in turn, controlling them, is a condition of your
employment. Inform your supervisor immediately of any situation beyond your ability or
authoritytocorrect.
The personal safety and health of each employee of TOPPS Well Service, Inc. is of primary
importance.Preventionofoccupationallyinducedinjuriesandillnessesisofsuchconsequence
that it will be given precedence over operating productivity, whenever necessary. To the
greatest degree possible, management will provide all mechanical and physical activities
requiredforpersonalsafetyandhealth,inkeepingwiththehigheststandards.
WewillmaintainanoccupationalEnvironmental,HealthandSafetyProgramconformingtothe
best practices of organizations of this type. To be successful, such a program must embody
proper attitudes towards injury and illness prevention on the part of supervisors and
employees. It also requires cooperation in all safety and health matters, not only between
supervisorandemployee,butalsobetweeneachemployeeandtheircoworkers.Onlythrough
suchacooperativeeffortcanaEnvironmental,HealthandSafetyProgram,inthebestinterest
ofall,beestablishedandpreserved.
Our objective is an Environmental, Health and Safety Program that will reduce the number of
injuriesandillnessestoanabsoluteminimum,notmerelyinkeepingwith,butsurpassing,the
bestexperienceofoperationssimilartoours.Ourgoaliszeroaccidentsandinjuries.
BestRegards,
Safety Officer
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1.1 Our Environmental, Health and Safety Program include:
A. Providingmechanicalandphysicalsafeguardstothemaximumextentpossible.
B. Conducting a program of safety and health inspections to find and eliminate unsafe
working conditions or practices, to control health hazards, and to fully comply with
OSHAsafetyandhealthstandardsforeveryjob.
C. Trainingallemployeesingoodsafetyandhealthpractices.
D. Providingnecessarypersonalprotectiveequipment,andinstructionsforproperuseand
care.
E. Developing and enforcing safety and health rules, and requiring that employees
cooperatewiththeserulesasaconditionofemployment.
F. Investigating, promptly and thoroughly, every accident to find out what caused it, and
correcttheproblemsoitwillnothappenagain.
G. Werecognizethatresponsibilitiesforoccupationalsafety&healthareshared:
1. ThisemployeracceptsresponsibilityforleadershipoftheEnvironmental,Health
andSafetyProgram,foritseffectivenessandimprovement,andforprovidingthe
safeguardsrequiredtoensuresafeworkconditions.
2. Supervisors are responsible for developing proper attitudes toward safety and
health in themselves and in those they supervise, and for ensuring that all
operationsareperformedwiththeutmostregardforthesafetyandhealthofall
personnelinvolved,includingthemselves.
3. Employees are responsible for wholehearted, genuine operations of all aspects
of the Environmental, Health and Safety Program including compliance with
the rules and regulations and for continuously practicing safety and health
whileperformingtheirduties.
H. Managementshallseethatallemployeesareproperlyinstructedandsupervisedinthe
safeoperationofanymachinery,tools,equipment,process,orpracticewhichtheyare
authorizedtouseorapplywhileatwork.
Production is never so urgent that we

cannottakethetimetodoourworksafely.
Management

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I. WhyhaveaworkplaceSafetyandHealthPlan?
Taking risks is part of running a business in the oil and gas industry, particularly for small
businessowners.Youtakerisksinproductdevelopment,marketing,andadvertisinginorderto
staycompetitive.Buttherearesomerisksthatshouldneverbetaken.Oneoftheseisriskingthe
safety and health of workers. Safety begins at the top and goes downward throughout The
Company. The primary goal of TOPPS Well Service, Inc. is to continue operating a profitable
businesswhileprotectingemployeesfrominjuriesorillness.Thiscanbeachievedbydelegating
responsibilityandaccountabilitytoallinvolvedinTOPPSWellService,Inc.soperations.
1. Responsibility:Havingtoanswerforactivitiesandresults.
2. Accountability: The actions taken by management to insure the performance of
responsibilities.
1.2 Safe Workplace Goals
A. Toreachourgoalofasafeworkplaceeveryoneneedstotakeresponsibilityandbeheld
accountable.
B. Benefitsofachievingourgoalsare:
1. Minimizingofinjuriesandaccidents
2. Minimizingthelossofpropertyandequipment
3. Eliminationofpotentialfatalities
4. Eliminationofpotentialpermanentdisabilities
5. EliminationofpotentialOSHAfines
6. ReductionsinWorkersCompensationcosts
7. Reductionsinoperatingcosts
8. HavingthebestSafetyandHealth condionspossibleintheworkplace
C. TOPPS Well Service, Inc. is committed to building an effective injury and illness
preventionplan,puttingitinwriting,andintegratingitintotheentireoperation.
D. The management of TOPPS Well Service, Inc. is committed to the Company's safety
policy,andtoprovidedirectionandmotivationby:
1. AppointingSafetyCoordinatorand/orSafetyPersonnel.
2. EstablishingCompanysafetygoalsandobjectives.
3. Developing and implementing this written Environmental, Health and Safety
Program.
4. EnsuringtotalcommitmenttotheEnvironmental,HealthandSafetyProgram.
5. Facilitatingemployeessafetytraining.
6. Establishingresponsibilitiesformanagementandemployeestofollow.
7. Ensuring that management and employees are held accountable for
performanceoftheirsafetyresponsibilities.
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8. Establishingandenforcingdisciplinaryproceduresforemployees.
9. Reviewing the Environmental, Health and Safety Program annually, and revising
orupdatingasneeded.
10. Providingsafetyequipmentforallemployees
E. All employees, both labor and management, need to understand their responsibilities
under OSHA rules and be held accountable for complying with the rules as well as the
Companysrelatedpolicies.
F. It is the responsibility of TOPPS Well Service, Inc. to provide a safe and healthful work
environmentfortheiremployees.However,holdingeveryoneaccountablefortheirpart
in workplace safety and health is critical for a successful injury and illness prevention
plan.
1.3 The Safety Coordinator and/or Safety Personnel
A. TOPPSWellService,Inc.hasdesignated:
1. SafetyCoordinator
2. SafetyPersonnel
B. Theircellphoneandofficephonenumbersare:
1. SafetyPersonsName
2. OfficePhone#
3. CellPhone#
C. ItshallbethedutyofTheSafetyPersonneltoassisttheSupervisor/Ownerandallother
levels of Management in the initiation, education, and execution of an effective safety
programincludingthefollowing:
1. Introducingthesafetyprogramtonewemployees.
2. Following up on recommendaons, suggesons, etc., made at the Weekly
safetymeetings.Alltopicsofsafetyconcernsmustbedocumentedaccordingly.
3. Assistingthepersonnelintheexecutionofstandardpolicies.
4. Conductingsafetyinspectionsonaperiodicbasis.
5. Addressingallhazardsorpotentialhazardsasneeded.
6. Preparingmonthlyaccidentreportsandinvestigations.
7. Maintaining adequate stock of first aid supplies and other safety equipment to
insuretheirimmediateavailability.
8. Making sure there is adequate number of qualied FirstAid Cered people
ontheworksite.
9. Becoming thoroughly familiar with OSHA regulations and local and state safety
codes.
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10. Definingtheresponsibilitiesforsafetyandhealthofallsubordinatesandholding
each person accountable for their results through the formal appraisal system
andwherenecessary,disciplinaryprocedures.
11. Emphasizing to employees that accidents create unnecessary personal and
financiallosses.
1.4 Employees Safety Requirements
A. Employeesarerequiredtoworkincompliancewiththesafetyrules,reportallaccidents
and near misses, and report all unsafe conditions or unsafe practices. To demonstrate
TOPPS Well Service, Inc.s commitment to support the employees in these
responsibilities,TOPPSWellService,Inc.willdothefollowing:
B. CommunicationSystem:
C. Encourage employees to inform TOPPS Well Service, Inc. about workplace hazards
withoutfearofreprisal.
D. Establish and maintain a centrally located Safety Bullen Board where current,
relevantinformationmaybeeasilyreviewedbyemployees.
E. Schedulegeneralemployeemeetingsatwhichtimesafetyisfreelyandopenlydiscussed
by those present. These meetings will be regular, scheduled, and announced to all
employees and managers to achieve maximum attendance. The purpose of these
meetingsissafety,andtheconcentrationwillbeon:
1. Occupational accident and injury history at our work sites, with possible
comparisontootherlocationswithinTheCompany.
2. FeedbackfromtheSafetyAnnualSafetyMeeting.
3. Guestspeakersconcernedwithworkplacesafetyandhealth.
4. Whenpossible,briefaudiovisualmaterialsthatrelatetoourbusiness.
5. Conducttrainingprogramsforcommunicatingwithemployees.
F. Provide a safety suggestion box so that employees, anonymously if desired, can
communicatetheirconcernswithmanagement.
G. Document all communication efforts to demonstrate that an effective communication
systemisinplace.
H. Periodic inspections and procedures for correction provide methods of identifying
existing or potential hazards in the workplace, and eliminating or controlling them.
Hazardcontrolisessentialtoaneffectiveinjuryandillnessplan.Wewillbesuretolook
at safe work practices and ensure that they are being followed, and that unsafe
conditionsorproceduresareidentifiedandcorrectedproperlyandpromptly.
I. Employees are encouraged to report possible hazardous situations, knowing their
reportswillbegivenpromptandseriousattention.
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J. Workplace equipment and personal protective equipment will be maintained in good,
safeworkingcondition.
K. Hazards,wherepossible,willbecorrectedassoonastheyareidentified.Forthosethat
cannot be immediately corrected, a target date for correction will be set. TOPPS Well
Service, Inc. will provide interim protection for workers while hazards are being
corrected.Awrittentrackingsystemwillbeestablishedtohelpmonitortheprogressof
thehazardcorrectionprocess.
L. Employers and safety personnel are required to investigate or assign responsibility for
investigating accidents. Accidents/incidents will be investigated by trained individuals,
with the primary focus of understanding why the accident or incident occurred, and
what actions can be taken to preclude recurrence. The focus will be on solutions and
never on blame. They will be in writing, and adequately identify the causes of the
accidentornearmissoccurrence.
M. Training is another essential element of any injury and illness prevention plan. OSHA
rulesrequireeachemployertotrainworkersforanyjobortasktheyareassigned.
N. Ourplanincludestrainingandinstruction:
1. Forallemployeeswhentheyarefirsthired.
2. Forallnewemployeesforeachspecifictask.
3. For all employees given new job assignments for which training has not already
beenreceived.
4. Whenevernewsubstances,processes,procedures,orequipmentareintroduced
intotheworkplaceandpresentanewhazard.
5. Whenever new personal protective equipment or different work practices are
usedonexistinghazards.
6. Whenever TOPPS Well Service, Inc. is made aware of a new or previously
unrecognizedhazard.
7. Forallsupervisorstoensuretheyarefamiliarwiththesafetyandhealthhazards
to which employees under their immediate direction and control may be
exposed.
O. Aneffectivesafetyandhealthplanrequiresproperjobperformancebyeveryoneinthe
workplace.
P. It is the determination of TOPPS Well Service, Inc. to ensure that all employees are
knowledgeableaboutthematerialsandequipmentwithwhichtheywork,whatknown
hazardsarepresent,andhowtheyarecontrolled.
Q. A periodic review is scheduled to look at each critical component in our safety and
healthplantodeterminewhatisworkingwellandwhatchanges,ifany,areneeded.All
employeesareencouragedtoparticipatebykeepingTOPPSWellService,Inc.informed
oftheirconcernsregardingtheelementsofthissafetyandhealthplan.
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R. Thesuccessofthissafetyandhealthplanisdependentupontwothings:
1. TOPPSWellService,Inc.mustprovideasafeandhealthfulenvironmentinwhich
theemployeehastheopportunitytoworksafe
2. Theemployeemustchoosetoworksafe.
1.5 Supervisor/Forman Safety Requirements
A. The Supervisors and/or Foremen will establish an operating atmosphere to insure that
safety and health is managed in the same manner and with the same emphasis as
production,cost,andqualitycontrol.Thiswillbeaccomplishedby:
1. Regularlyemphasizing that accident and health hazardexposure prevention are
notonlymoralresponsibilities,butalsoaconditionofemployment.
2. Identifyingoperationaloversightsthatcouldcontributetoaccidentswhichoften
resultininjuriesandpropertydamage.
3. Participatinginsafetyandhealthrelatedactivities,includingroutinelyattending
safety meetings, reviews of the facility, and correcting employee behavior that
canresultinaccidentsandinjuries.
4. Spending time with each person hired explaining the safety policies and the
hazardsofhis/herparticularwork.
5. Ensuringthatinitialorientationof"newhires"isproperlycarriedout.
6. Making sure that if a Competent Person is required, that one is present to
oversee,andinstructemployeeswhennecessary.
7. Nevershortcuttingsafetyforexpediency,orallowingworkerstodoso.
8. Enforcing safety rules consistently, and following TOPPS Well Service, Inc.
disciplineandenforcementprocedures.
9. Conductingdailyjobsiteinspectionsandcorrectingnotedsafetyviolations.
B. Itisthedutyofeachandeveryemployeetoknowthesafetyrules,andconducthiswork
incompliancewiththeserules.Disregardofthesafetyandhealthrulesshallbegrounds
for disciplinary action up to and including termination. It is also the duty of each
employee to make full use of the safeguards provided for their protection. Every
employee will receive an orientation when hired and receive a copy of any Company
Environmental, Health and Safety Programs. Employee responsibilities include the
following:
1. Reading,understandingandfollowingsafetyandhealthrulesandprocedures.
2. SigningtheCodeofSafePracticesandanyotherpolicyacknowledgements.
3. Wearing Personal Protective Equipment at all times when working in areas
wherethereisapossibledangerofinjury.
4. Wearingsuitableworkclothesasdeterminedbythesupervisor/foreman.
5. Performingalltaskssafelyasdirectedbytheirsupervisor/foreman.
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6. Reporting ALL injuries, no matter how slight, to their supervisor/foreman
immediatelyandseekingtreatmentpromptly.
7. Knowingthelocationoffirstaid,firefightingequipment,andsafetydevices.
8. Attendinganyandallrequiredsafetyandhealthmeetings.
9. Not performing potentially hazardous tasks, or using any hazardous material
untilproperlytrained,andfollowingallsafetyproceduresforthosetasks.
10. STOPPING ANDASKINGQUESTIONSIFEVERINDOUBTABOUTTHESAFETYOF
ANYOPERATION

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2.0 Company EHS Mission
OurCompanywillstrivetomeetthefollowinggoals:
A. Minimizeinjuryandillnessintheworkplace.
B. Openupthelinesofcommunicationbetweenmanagementandemployeesconcerning
safetyateverylevelofTheCompany.
C. Improvesafetyoffacilitiesandequipmentforabetterworkenvironment.
2.1 Mission Statement
It is our Companys goal to create clear avenues of communication among management and
stafftocreateasafeworkingenvironment.
A. CompanyCommitment
1. The management of our Company is committed to excelling at safety and will
supportthesafetypersonnelandemployeesrecommendations.
B. CommunicationofSafetyMatters
1. TheAnnualCompanySafetyMeetingwillhandleallsafetyissueswithdiligence.
We hope to encourage an atmosphere where all employees report safety
violations or concerns, ask questions, seek training, or come to us with any
safetyissues.
C. Introduction
1. TOPPSWellService,Inc.iscommittedtoaccidentpreventioninordertoprotect
the safety and health of all our employees. Injury and illness losses due to
hazards are needless, costly and preventable. To prevent these losses, a joint
management/worker safety annual meeting will be established. Employee
involvement in accident prevention and safety in working activities is necessary
toensureasafeandhealthfulworkplaceforallemployees.
D. Purpose
1. ThepurposeofourAnnualSafetyMeetingistobringworkersandmanagement
togetherinanonadversarial,cooperativeefforttopromotesafetyandhealthin
the workplace. The annual safety meeting will assist management and make
recommendationsforchange.
E. Organization
1. There shall be, in most cases, an equal number of employee and employer
representatives. However, there may be more employee representatives than
employer representatives if both groups agree. Employee representatives shall
be volunteers or elected by their peers. If no employees volunteer or are
elected, they may be appointed by management. Employer representatives will
beappointed.
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2.2 Extent of Authority
It must be clearly understood that the safety Annual Safety Meeting advises management on
issues that will promote safety and health in the workplace. Written recommendations are
expectedfromthesafetyAnnualSafetyMeetingandtheywillbesubmittedtomanagement.In
turn, management will give serious consideration to the recommendations submitted and will
respondinwritingtotheAnnualSafetyMeetingwithinareasonabletime.
A. Functions
1. AnnualSafetyMeetingmeetingsandemployeeinvolvement.
2. Hazardassessmentandcontrol.
3. Safetyandhealthplanning.
4. Evaluationofaccountabilitysystem.
5. Evaluationofmanagementcommitmenttoworkplacesafetyandhealth.
6. Evaluationofaccidentandincidentinvestigationprogram.
7. Safetyandhealthtraining.
B. Recommendations
1. Allrecommendationssubmittedtomanagementmustbewrittenandshould:
2. Beclearandconcise.
3. Providereasonsforimplementation.
4. Giverecommendedoptions.
5. Showimplementationcostsandrecommendedcompletiondates.
6. Listbenefitstobegained.
C. Procedures
1. The Annual Safety Meetings plan of action requires procedures by which the
Annual Safety Meeting may successfully fulfill its role. Procedures developed
shouldincludebutnotbelimitedto:
2. Meetingdate,time,andlocation
3. Electionofchairpersonandsecretary
4. Orderofbusiness
5. Records
6. Dutiesofeachmembermustinclude,butnotbelimitedto:
7. Reportingunsafeconditionsandpractices
8. Attendingallsafetyandhealthmeetings
9. Reviewingallaccidentsandnearmisses
10. Recommendingideasforimprovingsafetyandhealth
11. Workinginasafeandhealthfulmanner
12. Observinghowsafetyandhealthisenforcedintheworkplace
13. Completingassignmentsgiventothembythechairperson
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14. Actingasaworkarearepresentativeinmattersofhealthandsafety
15. OthersasdeterminedbyCompanysafetyandhealthneeds
2.3 Safety Personnel
It shall be the duty of The Safety Personnel, the Safety Coordinator to assist the
Supervisor/Foreman and all other levels of Management in the initiation, education, and
executionofaneffectivesafetyprogram.
The purpose of safety personnel is to bring workers and managers together to achieve and
maintain a safe, healthful workplace. It is easy to start a safety Annual Safety Meeting, but
developing an effective one one that achieves and maintains a safe, healthful workplace
requires workers and managers who are committed to achieving that goal. Effective safety
personnel find solutions to problems that cause workplace accidents, illnesses, and injuries.
And fewer accidents, injuries, and illnesses mean lower Workers Compensation claims costs
andinsurancerates.
A. UnderstandSafetyEssentialActivities
1. Anyone can start a safety program, but, to make it effective, the program must
bebuiltonafoundationofmanagementcommitmentandmustbeaccountable
forachievingitsgoals.Theemployersandemployeesmustdothefollowing:
2. Involveemployeesinachievingthegoals
3. Identifyworkplacehazards
4. Reviewreportsofaccidentsandnearmisses
5. Keepaccuraterecordsofallsafetyrelatedactivities
6. Evaluateitsstrengthsandweaknesses
B. Commitment
1. Thesafetyprogramwillnotsurvivewithoutmanagementsupport.Management
demonstrates support by encouraging employees to get involved in achieving a
safe, healthful workplace and by acting on the Annual Safety Meetings
recommendations. Representatives demonstrate commitment by attending
safety meetings, following through on their assigned tasks, and encouraging
otheremployeestogetinvolvedinidentifyinghazards.
2.4 Accountability
Representatives should understand that the safety personnel expect them to contribute; each
representativesharesresponsibilityforaccomplishingsafetygoals,whichbenefiteveryonewho
worksforTheCompany.
The safety personnel is also responsible for monitoring how management holds employees
accountableforworkingsafelyandforrecommendingwaystostrengthenaccountability.
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A. EmployeeInvolvement
1. To become effective, safety personnel needs help from everyone in The
Company. The safety personnel must have a method for employees to report
hazardsandtooffersafetysuggestions.
2. Waysthesafetypersonnelcanencourageemployeestogetinvolved:
3. Encourage employees to report hazards and unsafe work practices to a safety
AnnualSafetyMeetingrepresentative.
4. Act on employee suggestions and recognize their contributions to a safer
workplace.
5. PromotetheAnnualSafetyMeetingsactivitiesandaccomplishments.
6. Make sure employees know that you are starting annual safety meetings. Tell
them why you are starting the meetings, describe its role in The Companys
safetyandhealth program, and explain managements commitment to the
AnnualSafetyMeetings.
7. Youcaninformemployeesinamemooranewsletter,byemail,orbetteryet
meet with them to promote the Annual Safety Meeting and to answer
questions.
8. HazardIdentification
9. The safety Annual Safety Meeting plays an important role in keeping the
workplacehazardfree:
10. Ensure that representatives know how to recognize hazards and understand
basicprinciplesforcontrollingthem.
11. Focus on identifying hazards and unsafe work practices that are likely to cause
seriousinjuries.
12. Conductthoroughworkplaceinspectionsatleastquarterly.
13. Documenthazardsduringquarterlyinspectionsanddiscusshowtocontrolthem
atregularsafetyAnnualSafetyMeetingmeetings.
14. Includeemployerandemployeerepresentativesontheinspectionteam.
B. AccidentInvestigation
1. The Safety Personnel must have a procedure for investigating all workplace
accidents,illness,anddeaths.ItisnecessaryfortheSafetyPersonneltoconduct
accident investigations or to participate in investigations; and, the Safety
Personnelshouldensurethatmanagementdoesso.TheSafetyPersonnelshould
also carefully review accident reports to help management identify accident
causesanddeterminehowtocontrolthem.
C. Recordkeeping
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1. You may not think of record keeping as anessential activity, but accurate, well
organized records document the Safety Personnels accomplishments and can
informattheAnnualSafetyMeetingwhattheCompanyneedstodotoimprove.
2.5 Annual Safety Meeting Filing/Records
ThefollowingdocumentsarerequiredforthesafetyAnnualSafetyMeetingsfile:
AccurateminutesofeachsafetyAnnualSafetyMeeting
AnnualSafetyMeetingreports,evaluations,andrecommendations
ManagementsresponsetoAnnualSafetyMeetingrecommendations
Employeesafetysuggestionsandhazardconcerns
A. Evaluation
1. EvaluaonanswersthequesonAreweeecve? Eecvesafetypersonnel
periodically evaluate their strengths and weaknesses, and the evaluation helps
themsetnewgoals.
2. At least once a year, schedule a halfday safetyAnnual Safety Meeting to
accomplish the following: identify the Annual Safety Meetings achievements
overthepast12months,reviewessentialactivities,andsetgoalsforthenext12
months.

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3.0 General Safety Rules and Code of Safe Practices
The Safety Personnel is responsible for the implementation and enforcement of the following
safetyrules.Disciplinaryprocedureswillbeenforced.
3.1 Employee Safety Training
OSHA requires that employees be trained in the safe methods of performing their job. TOPPS
WellService,Inc.iscommittedto:
Instructingallemployeesintherecognitionandavoidanceofunsafeconditionsandthe
regulations applicable to his work environment to control or eliminate any hazards or
otherexposuretoillnessorinjury.
Frequentandregularinspectionsofjobsites,materials,andequipmentwillbemadeby
theCompanydesignatedcompetentperson.
Only employees qualified by training or experience will be permitted to operate
equipmentandmachinery.
Any machinery, tool, material, or equipment which is not in compliance with any
applicable OSHA requirement is prohibited. The Safety Personnel will ensure that any
suchmachine,tool,material,orequipmentwilleitherbeidentifiedasunsafebytagging
orlockingthecontrolstorendertheminoperable,orwillbephysicallyremovedfromits
placeofoperation.
A. Awarenessofpotentialhazards,aswellasknowledgeofhowtocontrolthem,iscritical
to maintaining a safe and healthful work environment and preventing injuries. To
achieve this goal, we will provide training to each employee on general safety issues
andsafetyproceduresspecifictothatemployee'sworkassignment.
B. Every new employee will be given instruction by their foreman in the general safety
requirementsoftheirjob.AcopyofourCodeofSafePracticesshallalsobeprovidedto
each employee. Tailgate or toolbox safety training will be conducted at least every 10
working days. All training will be documented on the forms provided. Managers,
superintendents, and foremen will be trained at least twice per year on various
applicableaccidentpreventiontopics.
C. Trainingprovidesthefollowingbenefits:
1. Makesemployeesawareofjobhazards
2. Teachesemployeestoperformjobssafely
3. Promotestwowaycommunication
4. Encouragessafetysuggestions
5. Createsinterestinthesafetyprogram
6. FulfillsOSHArequirements
7. Employeetrainingwillbeprovidedatthefollowingtimes:
8. Allnewemployeeswillreceiveasafetyorientationtheirfirstdayonthejob.
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D. All new employees will be given a copy of the Code of Safe Practices and required to
readandsignforit.
E. All field employees will receive training at tailgate or toolbox safety meetings held at
thejobsite.
F. All employees given a new job assignment for which training has not been previously
providedwillbetrainedbeforebeginningthenewassignment.
G. Whenevernewsubstances,processes,proceduresorequipmentthatrepresentanew
hazardareintroducedintotheworkplace.
H. WheneverTOPPSWellService,Inc.ismadeawareofaneworpreviouslyunrecognized
workplacehazard.
I. Whenevermanagementbelievesthatadditionaltrainingisnecessary.
J. Afterallseriousaccidents.
K. Whenemployeesarenotfollowingsafeworkrulesorprocedures.
L. Trainingtopicswillinclude,butnotbelimitedto:
1. Employeessafetyresponsibilities
2. Generalsafetyrules
3. CodeofSafePractices
4. Safejobprocedures
5. Useofhazardousmaterials
6. Useofequipment
7. Emergencyprocedures
8. Safeliftingandmaterialhandlingpractices
9. Useofboomandscissorlifts
10. Useoffallprotection
11. Contentsofsafetyprogram
12. DocumentationofTraining
13. All employee safety training will be documented on one of the following three
forms:
14. NewEmployeeSafetyOrientation.
M. Specialized,formalemployeetrainingplans.
N. Tailgate/ToolboxSafetyTrainingReport.
O. The following informal training methods will be used. Actual demonstrations of the
properwaytoperformataskwillbeusedinmostcases,forexample:
P. Instructemployeehowtodothejobsafely.
Q. Demonstratetoemployeehowtodothejobsafely.
R. Haveemployeeexplaintoinstructorhowtodothejobsafely.
S. Haveemployeedemonstratetoinstructorhowtodothejobsafely.
T. Followuptoensuretheyarestillperformingthejobsafely.
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3.2 Safety Communication
Employee safety communication procedures are designed to develop and maintain employee
involvementandinterestintheEnvironmental,HealthandSafetyProgram.Theseactivitieswill
also ensure effective communication between management and employees on safety related
issuesthatisofprimeimportancetoTheCompany.
A. Thefollowingaresomeofthesafetycommunicationmethodsthatmaybeused:
1. Tailgate/Toolbox safety training with employees that encourage participation
andopen,twowaycommunication.
2. NewemployeesafetyorientationandprovisionoftheCodeofSafePractices.
3. Provisionandmaintenanceofemployeebulletinboardsdiscussingsafetyissues,
accidents,andgeneralsafetysuggestions.
4. WrittencommunicationsfrommanagementortheSafetyCoordinator,including
memos,postings,payrollstuffers,andnewsletters.
5. Anonymoussafetysuggestionprogram.
B. Employees will be kept advised of highlights and changes relating to the safety
program. Supervisors will relay changes and improvements regarding the safety
program to employees, as appropriate. Employees will be involved in future
developments and safety activities, by requesting their opinions and comments, as
necessary.
C. All employeeinitiated safety related suggestions shall be properly answered, either
verballyorinwriting,bytheappropriatelevelofmanagement.Unresolvedissuesshall
berelayedtoTheSafetyPersonnel.
D. All employees are encouraged to bring any safety concerns they may have to the
attention of management. TOPPS Well Service, Inc. will not discriminate against any
employeeforraisingsafetyissuesorconcerns.
E. The Company also has a system of an anonymous notification, whereby employees
whowishtoinformTheCompanyofworkplacehazardswithoutidentifyingthemselves
maydoso,byphoningorsendingwrittennotificationtothefollowingaddress:
OwnerTOPPSWellService,Inc.
POBox461
MontezumaCreek,UT84534
F. TOPPS Well Service, Inc. will maintain a Environmental, Health and Safety Program
conformingtothebestpracticesoforganizationsofthistype.Tobesuccessful,sucha
programmustembodytheproperattitudestowardinjuryandillnesspreventiononthe
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partofsupervisorsandemployees.Italsorequirescooperationinallsafetyandhealth
matters,notonlybetweensupervisorandemployee,butalsobetweeneachemployee
andhisorhercoworkers.Onlythroughsuchacooperativeeffortcanasafetyprogram
in the best interest of all be established and preserved. Safety and health in our
businessmustbeapartofeveryoperation.
G. TheCompanySafety&HealthProgramincludes:
1. Providingmechanicalandphysicalsafeguardstothemaximumextentpossible.
2. Conducting a program of safety and health inspections to find and eliminate
unsafeworkingconditionsorpractices,tocontrolhealthhazards,andtocomply
fullywiththesafetyandhealthstandardsforeveryjob.
3. Trainingallemployeesingoodsafetyandhealthpractices.
4. Providing necessary personal protective equipment and instructions for its use
andcare.
5. Developing and enforcing safety and health rules and requiring that employees
cooperatewiththeserulesasaconditionofemployment.
6. Investigating,promptlyandthoroughly,everyaccidenttofindoutwhatcausedit
andtocorrecttheproblemsothatitwillnothappenagain.
7. Setting up a system of recognition and awards for outstanding safety service or
performance.
H. Werecognizethattheresponsibilitiesforsafetyandhealthareshared:
1. TOPPS Well Service, Inc. accepts the responsibility for leadership of the
Environmental, Health and Safety Program, for its effectiveness and
improvement, and for providing the safeguards required to ensure safe
conditions.
2. Supervisors are responsible for developing the proper attitudes toward safety
and health in themselves and in those they supervise, and for ensuring that all
operationsareperformedwiththeutmostregardforthesafetyandhealthofall
personnelinvolved,includingthemselves.
3. Employeesareresponsibleforwholehearted,genuineoperationwithallaspects
of the Environmental, Health and Safety Program including compliance with all
rules and regulations and for continuously practicing safety while performing
theirduties.
I. TOPPSWellService,Inc.employeesshallfollowthesesafepracticerules,renderevery
possible aid to safe operations, and report all unsafe conditions or practices to their
supervisor.
J. FailuretoabidebytheCodeofSafePracticesmayresultindisciplinaryactionuptoand
includingtermination.
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K. Supervisors shall insist that employees observe and obey every rule, regulation, and
order necessary to the safe conduct of the work, and shall take such action necessary
toobtaincompliance.
L. If you are unsure of the safe method to do your job, STOP and ask your supervisor.
Ignoranceisnoexcuseforasafetyviolation.
M. All employees shall be given frequent accident prevention instructions. Instructions,
practicedrills,orarticlesconcerningworkplacesafetyandhealthshallbegivenatleast
onceevery5workingdays.
N. Nooneshallknowinglybepermittedtoworkwhiletheemployee'sabilityoralertness
is impaired by fatigue, illness, and prescription or over the counter drugs. Employees
who are suspected of being under the influence of illegal or intoxicating substances,
impairedbyfatigueoranillness,shallbeprohibitedfromworking.
O. Anyoneknowntobeundertheinfluenceofalcoholand/ordrugsshallnotbeallowed
on the job while in that condition. Persons with symptoms of alcohol and/or drug
abuse are encouraged to discuss personal or workrelated problems with the
supervisor/employer.
P. Employees should be alert to see that all guards and other protective devices are in
proper places and adjusted, and shall report deficiencies. Approved protective
equipmentshallbeworninspecifiedworkareas.
Q. Horseplay,scuffling,fightingandotheractsthattendtohaveanadverseinfluenceon
thesafetyorwellbeingoftheemployeesareprohibited.Donotrunonthejobsiteor
intheshoporofficearea.
R. Work shall be wellplanned and supervised to prevent injuries when working with
equipment and handling heavy materials. When lifting heavy objects, employees
should bend their knees and use the large muscles of the legs instead of the smaller
musclesoftheback.Backinjuriesarethemostfrequentandoftenthemostpersistent
andpainfultypeofworkplaceinjury.
S. Workersshallnothandleortamperwithanyelectricalequipment,machinery,orairor
waterlinesinamannernotwithinthescopeoftheirduties,unlesstheyhavereceived
instructionsfromtheirsupervisor.Donotoperateequipmentthatyouarenotfamiliar
with.Donotattempttousesuchequipmentuntilyouarefullytrainedandauthorized.
T. Keep your work area clean, free of debris, electrical cords and other hazards.
Immediatelycleanupspilledliquids.
U. Alwaysnotifyallotherindividualsinyourareawhomightbeendangeredbythework
youaredoing.
V. A red tag system identifies equipment that is NOT to be operated, energized or used.
Alllockout/tagoutnoticesandproceduresmustbeobservedandobeyed.
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W. Do not block exits, fire doors, aisles, fire extinguishers, first aid kits, emergency
equipment,electricalpanels,ortrafficlanes.
X. Do not leave tools, materials, or other objectson the floor that mightcause others to
tripandfall.
Y. Do not distract others while working. If conversation is necessary, make sure eye
contactismadepriortocommunicating.
Z. Employees shall not enter manholes, underground vaults, chambers, tanks, silos, or
othersimilarplacesthatreceivelittleventilation,unlessithasbeendeterminedthatit
issafetoenter.Confinedspaceprotocolswillbefollowed.
AA. Materials,tools,orotherobjectsshallnotbethrownfrombuildingsorstructuresuntil
properprecautionsaretakentoprotectothersfromthefallingobjects.
BB. Employees shall cleanse thoroughly after handling hazardous substances, and follow
specialinstructionsfromauthorizedsources.
CC. Gasolineorotherflammableliquidsshallnotbeusedforcleaningpurposes.
DD. No burning, welding, or other source of ignition shall be applied to any enclosed tank
or vessel, even if there are some openings, until it has first been determined that no
possibilityofexplosionexists,andauthorityfortheworkisobtainedfromtheforeman
orsuperintendent.
EE. Any damage to scaffolds, false work, or other supporting structures shall be
immediatelyreportedtotheforemanandrepairedbeforeuse.
FF. Possession of firearms, weapons, illegal drugs or alcoholic beverages on Company or
customerpropertyorthejobsiteisstrictlyprohibited.
GG. All injuries shall be reported promptly to your supervisor so that arrangements
canbemadeformedicaland/orfirstaidtreatment.
3.3 Electrical Safety
Only trained, qualified, and authorized employees are allowed to make electrical repairs or
workonelectricalequipmentorinstallations.
A. All electrical equipment and systems shall be treated as energized until tested or
otherwiseproventobedeenergized.
B. All energized equipment and installations will be deenergized prior to the
commencementofanywork.Iftheequipmentorinstallationmustbeenergizedfortest
or other purposes, special precautions will be taken to protect against the hazards of
electricshock.
C. Allequipmentshallbelockedouttoprotectagainstaccidentalorinadvertentoperation
when such operation could cause injury to personnel. Do not attempt to operate any
switch,valve,orotherenergyisolatingdevicebearingalock.
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D. Safetygroundsshallalwaysbeusedwherethereisadangerofshockfrombackfeeding
orotherhazards.
E. Polyesterclothingorotherflammabletypesofclothingshallnotbewornnearelectrical
circuits. Cotton clothing is much less likely to ignite from arc blast. Employees working
onlivecircuitsshallbeprovidedNomexorequivalentfireresistantclothing.
F. Suitable eye protection must be worn at all times while working on electrical
equipment.
G. Always exercise caution when energizing electrical equipment or installations. Take
stepstoprotectyourselfandotheremployeesfromarcblastandexplodingequipment
intheeventofafault.
H. All power tools will be grounded or double insulated. Tools with defective cords or
wiringshallnotbeused.
I. Metaljewelryshouldnotbewornaroundenergizedcircuits.
J. Extension and temporary power cords must be heavy duty and grounded. Frayed or
defectivecordsshallnotbeused.
K. Suitable temporary barriers or barricades shall be installed when access to opened
enclosures containing exposed energized equipment is not under the control of an
authorizedperson.
L. Electricalinstallationsmustbeprotectedfromaccidentalcontactbyenclosuresortight
fittingcovers.
M. GFCIsarerequiredonallpoweroutlets.
N. Circuitsshallnotbeoverloadedwithequipmentorextensioncords.
O. Metal measuring tapes, fish tapes, ropes or other metal devices are prohibited where
theymaycontactenergizedpartsofequipmentorcircuits.
3.4 Personal Protective Equipment
Use the correct PPE for each job assignment. If you do not know, ask. Every employee must
ensurethattheyareawareofthefollowing:
A. PPEshallbemaintainedingoodconditionandcleanedregularly.
B. PPEshallbestoredproperlywhennotinusetoprotectitfromdamage.
C. DamagedorbrokenPPEmustbereturnedtoyourforemanforreplacement.
D. Hardhatsmustbewornonjobsitesatalltimes.Hardhatsmustbecheckedonadaily
basis,andbeforeanyworkistobedone.
E. ANSI approved safety glasses must be worn when working with power tools,
compressedairorgasses,chemicals,oranyotheritemthatcreatesaneyeinjuryhazard.
F. Face shields with safety glasses are recommended when grinding or working with
hazardouschemicals.
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G. Employees must wear industrial work shoes in the shop and on the job site. The shoes
must have complete leather uppers and skid resistant soles and be in good condition.
Steeltoeprotectionisrecommended.
H. Athletic style shoes, tennis shoes, open toe shoes, plastic or vinyl shoes or shoes with
decorativeaccessoriesarenotallowed.
I. Hearing protectors must be worn when working with loud equipment such as cut off
saws,chainsaws,airhammersorgrinders.
J. Backsupportbeltsshouldbewornforheavyliftingtasks.Theydonothelpyouliftmore,
butmayprovidesomeprotectionfrombackinjuries.
K. Be sure the protective clothing you wear will not hamper or restrict freedom of
movementduetoimproperfit.
L. Longpantsofheavydutymaterialmustbeworn.Noshortsorsweatpantsareallowed.
M. Donotwearloose,tornorfrayedclothing,danglingties,fingerrings,danglingearrings,
jewelry items, or long hair unless contained in a hair net, while operating any machine
thatcouldcauseentanglement.
N. If required, wear NIOSH approved respirators when applying adhesives, paint, welding,
grindingorworkingwithchemicals.ReadtheapplicableMSDStofindoutwhichtypesof
respiratorsarerequired.Facialhairmaynotbepermittedincertaincircumstances.
3.5 Hazardous Materials and Chemicals
Read all warning labels and Material Safety Data Sheets before using any chemicals. MSDS
contain personal protective equipment and safety information and are available from your
foreman.
A. Hazardous materials shall be handled in accordance with the MSDS and label. If
protectiveequipmentisrequired,useit.
B. Eyeprotectionmustbewornwhenworkingwithhazardousmaterialsorchemicals.
C. Mixing of chemicals is prohibited at all times unless required by the label. Before you
mixreviewallMSDS.
D. Always wash your hands thoroughly after handling chemicals and before eating or
smoking,evenifyouwerewearingprotectivegloves.
E. Neverusesolventsforhandcleaning.Usethenontoxichandcleanersprovided.
F. Storeallhazardousmaterialsproperlyinsuitablecontainersthatareproperlylabeled.
G. Usechemicalsonlyinwellventilatedareas.
H. Whenusingsecondarycontainers,ensurethattheyarelabeledastotheircontentsand
hazards.
I. Donotdisturbanyasbestos.STOPworkandtellyourforeman.Ifyouarenotsure,STOP
andask.
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J. Do not cut or weld stainless steel or galvanized metal without respiratory protection.
Theseitemscreatetoxicfumes.
K. Work with lead, asbestos, cadmium and other toxic compounds require special
precautions. Do not attempt to perform this work without special equipment and
training.
3.6 Fire Prevention and Housekeeping
Always take precautions to prevent fires which may be started, particularly from oily waste,
rags, gasoline, flammable liquids, acetylene torches, improperly installed electrical equipment
andtrash.
A. Firefightingequipmentistobeinspectedonaregularbasis.Alldischarged,damagedor
missing equipment is to be immediately reported to a supervisor. Tampering with fire
equipmentisprohibited.
B. Accesstofireextinguishersmustbekeptclearatalltimes.Makenoteofthelocationof
firefightingequipmentinyourworkarea.
1. Neverusegasolineorflammablesolventsforcleaningpurposes.
2. Smokingisprohibitedwithin20feetofwhereflammablesubstancesarepresent.
3. In case of fire, employees shall consider the safety of themselves and other
individualsbeforesavingproperty.
4. Keep your work areas free of debris. Remove useless material from the work
areaasfastasrequiredtohelpreducetrippinghazards.
5. Maintainawarenessofpotentialhazardswhenwalkingaboutthejobsite.
6. Keeptools,materialsandequipmentoutofwalkwaysandstairwaysatalltimes.
7. Sharpwiresorprotrudingnailsmustbekeptbent.
8. Placetoolsandequipmentsotheywillnotslideofftheroof.
9. Tiematerialdownatday'sendsothewindwillnotblowitofftheroof.
C. FallProtection
1. Fallprotection,suchasstandardrailingsorasafetyharnessandlanyard,shallbe
usedatalltimes,whenworking6feetormoreabovethelevelbelow.
2. Floor and wall openings, unfinished balconies, elevator shafts and similar areas
mustberailedcoveredorbarricadetopreventfalls.
3. Neverremovefallprotectionrails,covers,orbarricadeswithoutpermissionfrom
yourforemanandspecialprecautions.Alwaysreplacetheseitemswhenfinished
withyourtask.
4. All safety harnesses shall be the full body type with a shockabsorbing lanyard
attached to a substantial anchorage capable of supporting twice the maximum
load. Lanyards shall be attached at the wearers upper back. Body belts are not
tobewornasfallprotection.
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5. Readandobeyallmanufacturersinstructionsrelatingtoyourfallarrestsystem.
6. Inspectallcomponentsofyourharnessandlanyardpriortoeachuseandaftera
fall. Defective equipment is not to be used. Lanyards must be destroyed after a
fallandneverreused.
7. Safety harnesses and lanyards should limit free fall distance to less than 4 feet
andpreventcontactwithanylevelorobjectsbelowyou.
8. Neveruseanypartofafallarrestsystem,suchasaharnessorlanyard,tohoist
materialsorforanyotherpurpose.
9. Safety harnesses and shock absorbing lanyards are required to be worn at all
timeswhileinboomlifts.
3.7 Ladder Safety
Inspecttheladderbeforeusingit.Ifitisbroken,throwitout.Neverrepairabrokenladder,get
a new one. Keep portable stairways, ladders and step stools in good condition and use them
onlyinasafemanner.
A. Usetheproperladderforthejob. DONOTUSEA frameladdersasstraightladders.
Makesuretheladderistallenoughtoreachtheworkarea.Donotusemetalladdersfor
electricalwork.
B. Donotplaceladdersinpassageways,doorways,oranylocationwheretheymightbehit
orjarred,unlessprotectedbybarricadesorguards.
C. Ladder rungs and steps must be kept free of grease, oil, mud, or other slippery
substances.
D. Laddersshouldonlybeplacedonhardlevelsurfaces.Makesuretheladderfeetarenot
placedonsandy,slippery,orslopingsurfaces.Cleanorsweeptheareawheretheladder
feetwillbeandmakesuretherubberfeetareingoodshape.
E. Arrangeyourworksoyouareabletofacetheladderandusebothhandswhileclimbing.
Do not carry tools or equipment while climbing a ladder. Climb the ladder, and then
hoistthetoolsorequipmentwithalineorahoistingdevice.
F. Avoidtemporaryladders.Alwaysuseacommerciallymade,constructiongradeladderof
theproperlengthfortheworkbeingperformed.
G. Secureportableladdersinplaceandatapitchsothelevelingindicatorisinalignmentor
thedistancefromthewalltothebaseoftheladderisatleast1footforevery4feetof
height.
H. Straightladdersshallbetiedoffthetopoftheladdertopreventslipping.
I. Be aware of objects below you, move or cover sharp objects in case you fall. Cap or
bendallrebar.
J. Donotstandonorworkfromthe2ndrungfromthetoporabove.Alsodonotreachtoo
farfromtheladder.Keepyourbeltbucklebetweenthesiderails.
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K. Extensionladdersshallextendatleast36"abovethelevelbeingaccessed.
L. Onallladders,donotsteponcrossbracingthatisnotintendedtobeusedforclimbing.
3.8 Scaffolds
Scaffoldsaretobeerected,dismantled,altered,orrepairedbytheCompanycompetentperson
orthescaffoldcontractorONLY.
A. Inspectscaffoldspriortouseandreportanydamageimmediatelytoyourforeman.Do
notusedamagedscaffolds.
B. Youarenotpermittedtorideonrollingscaffoldsbeingmoved.
C. At least 2 people are required to move rolling towers. Secure or remove all tools and
materialsbeforemoving.
D. Alwaysuseguardrailingsonallscaffoldsregardlessofheight.
E. Useonlyhighqualityplankingonscaffoldsandbesuretheplanksaresecuretoprevent
shifting.
F. Alwaysapplycasterbrakesanduseoutriggerswhenscaffoldsarestationary.
G. Donotuseplanksorguardrailsasatemporarymeansofobtaininggreaterheight.
H. Beawareoftheobjectsbelowyou;moveorcoversharpobjectsincaseyoufall.Capor
bendallrebar.
3.9 Lockout/Tagout
Allmachineryandelectricalequipmentshallbelockedoutandtaggedpriortorepair,cleaning,
or adjustment unless power is necessary to perform the work. If so, other precautions,
specifiedbyyourforeman,willbetaken.
A. Use your own lock and key. No one else should have a key for your lock. Destroy all
duplicatekeys.
B. Maintaincontrolofyourkeyatalltimestopreventunauthorizeduse.
C. Neverremoveanotheremployeeslockorenergizetaggedequipment.
D. If multiple employees are working on the same equipment, each employee should
installtheirownlock.
E. Notifyallaffectedemployeesthatlockout/tagoutisrequiredandreasoning.
F. Iftheequipmentisoperating,shutitdownbythenormalstoppingprocedure.
G. Operatetheswitch,valveorotherenergyisolatingdevicessothattheenergysourceis
disconnectedorisolatedfromtheequipment.
H. Storedenergy,suchas thatincapacitors,springs,elevatedmachinemembers,rotating
flywheels,hydraulicsystems,andair,gasorwaterpressure,etc.mustalsobedissipated
or restrained by methods such as grounding, repositioning, blocking, bleeding down,
etc.
I. Lockoutallenergyisolationdeviceswithanindividuallock.
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J. After ensuring that no employees are exposed and as a check of having disconnected
the energy sources, operate the push button or other normal operating controls to
makecertaintheequipmentwillnotoperate.
CAUTION:Returnoperatingcontrolstoneutralpositionafterthetest.Theequipment
isnowlockedout.Installredlockouttagonoperatingcontrols.
K. After repair is complete and the equipment is ready for testing or normal operation,
check the equipment to see that all cover plates and safety devices have been
reinstalled.
L. When the equipment is clear, remove all locks and tags. The energy isolating devices
maybeoperatedtorestoreenergytotheequipment.
3.10 Boom and Scissor Lifts
Onlytrainedandauthorizedemployeesareallowedtouseboomorscissorlifts.Ifyouarenot
trained,stayoff.
A. Readandobeyallmanufacturersinstructionsandsafetyprecautions.
B. Inspectallliftspriortouse.Defectiveequipmentshallnotbeused.
C. A safety harness with shock absorbing lanyard or a safety belt positioning device must
be worn while using boom lifts. Harnesses are not required for scissor lifts, provided
guardrailsareadequateandyoudonotleavetheworkplatform.
D. Always stay inside the platform railing. Do not use planks or ladders to extend your
reach.
E. Alwayslowertheliftbeforemoving.
F. Never use scissor lifts on uneven ground. They are designed primarily for use on
concretefloors.
3.11 Hand and Power Tools
Propereyeprotectionmustbewornwhenusinghandandpowertools.
A. Knowyourhandandpowertoolapplicationsandlimitations.Alwaysusethepropertool
forthejob.
B. Inspect cords and tools prior to use. Do not use tools that are faulty in any way.
Exchangethemforsafetoolsimmediately.
C. Power tools must be grounded or double insulated. All power tools are to be plugged
intoagroundedGFCIoutlet.
D. Donotusepowertoolsindamp,wetorexplosiveatmospheres.
E. Donotlift,lowerorcarryportableelectricaltoolsbythepowercord.
F. Keepallsafetyguardsinplaceandinproperworkingorder.
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G. Useclampsorvisestosecureworkpieces.
H. Donotforcehandpowertools.Applyonlyenoughpressuretokeeptheunitoperating
smoothly.
I. Returnalltoolsandotherequipmenttotheirproperplaceafteruse.
J. Unplugallpowertoolsbeforechangingbitsand/orgrindingdisks.
K. Neverleavechuckkeysinthetoolduringoperation.
L. Donotuseascrewdriverasachisel.
M. Beforeusingsledges,axesorhammers,besurethehandlesaresecurelyfastenedwitha
wedgemadeofsoundmaterial.
N. Donotuseahandleextensionorcheateronanywrench.
O. Filesshallbeequippedwithhandlesandshouldnotbeusedasapunchorpry.
3.12 Trenching and Excavation
All excavations and trenches 5 feet deep or greater must be shored, sloped, or benched to
protect workers from the hazards of moving earth. All trenching must be done in accordance
withOSHAregulations.
A. Always locate underground utilities before digging. Also contact regional notification
centersinadvance.
B. Donotworkunderloadshandledbyliftingordiggingequipment.
C. Laddersshallbeprovidedforaccesstotrenchesandexcavations4deeporgreater.Use
them.
D. Keepallspoilpilesaminimumof2feetfromtheedgeofthetrench.
E. Barricadetrenchesorusecautiontapetowarnothersoftheirpresence.
F. All trenches and excavations must be inspected by the Company competent person
eachday,beforework,tolookforsignsofshiftingearth.
G. CranesandRigging
1. Noemployeeispermittedtorideonloads,hooks,orslingsofanycrane,hoist,or
derrick.
2. Do not work or stand under any suspended load. Crane operators shall avoid
swingingloadsoverpeople.
3. Inspect all slings, chains, ropes, and hooks prior to use. Do not use defective
slings,chains,orrigging.
3.13 Welding and Cutting
ProvideHotWorkpermitasrequiredbythisCompanyandClient.
A. Make sure your welding equipment is installed properly, is properly grounded, and in
goodworkingcondition.
B. Alwayswearprotectiveclothingsuitablefortheweldingorcuttingtobedone.
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C. Always wear proper eye protection when welding, brazing, soldering or flame cutting.
Onceyouremoveyourweldinghelmet,putonsafetyglasses.
D. Keepyourworkareacleanandfreeofhazards.Makesurethatnoflammable,volatileor
explosivematerialsareinorneartheworkarea.
E. Handle allcompressedgas cylinders with extremecare. Keep caps onwhen not in use.
Makesurethatallcompressedgascylindersaresecuredtotheequipmentcarriage,wall
orotherstructuralsupports.Whencompressedgascylindersareemptyclosethevalve,
installthecapandreturntocorrectbottlestoragearea.
F. Storecompressedgascylindersinasafeplacewithgoodventilation.Acetylenecylinders
andoxygencylindersshouldbekeptatleast20feetapart.
G. Do not weld or cut in confined spaces without special precautions and your foremans
authorization.
H. Donotweldoncontainersthathaveheldcombustiblesorflammablematerials.
I. Use mechanical exhaust ventilation at the point of welding when welding lead,
cadmium,chromium,manganese,brass,bronze,zincorgalvanizedmetals.Thesemetals
arehighlytoxicandtheirfumesshouldnotbebreathed.
J. Make sure all electrical connections are tight and insulated. Do not use cables with
frayed,crackedorbarespotsintheinsulation.
K. When the electrode holder or cutting torch is not in use, hang it on the brackets
provided.Neverletittouchacompressedgascylinder.
L. Dispose of electrode and wire stubs in proper containers since stubs and rods on the
floorareasafetyhazard.
M. Useweldcurtainstoshieldothersfromthelightraysproducedbyyourwelding.
N. Make sure all compressed gas connections are tight and check for leaks. Do not use
hoseswithfrayedorcrackedspots.
O. Keepyourleadsorderlyandoutofwalkways.Suspendthemwheneverpossible.
P. DONOTWELDifleadsormachineareinornearwater.
Q. Makesureaportablefireextinguisherisnearby.
R. Keep your work area clean and free of hazards. When flame cutting, sparks can travel
3040feet.Donotallowflamecutsparkstohithoses,regulatorsorcylinders.
S. Useoxygenandacetyleneorotherfuelgaseswiththeappropriatetorchesandtipsonly
forthepurposeintended.
T. Never use acetylene at a pressure in excess of 15 pounds per square inch. Higher
pressurecancauseanexplosion.
U. Never use oil, grease or any other material on any apparatus or thread fitting in the
oxyacetylene or oxyfuel gas system. Oil and grease in contact with oxygen will cause
spontaneouscombustion.
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V. Always use the correct sequence and technique for assembling and lighting the torch.
Alwaysusethecorrectsequenceandtechniqueforshuttingoffatorch.
W. Checkvalvesmustbeusedonallcompressedgascylinderstopreventbackflowofthe
gas.
3.14 Company Vehicles
OnlyauthorizedemployeesarepermittedtooperateCompanyvehicles.Donotletanyoneelse
driveyourCompanyvehicle.
A. Company vehicles are to be used for Company business only. Personal, off duty and
familyuseisprohibited.
B. Drivedefensivelyandobeyalltrafficandhighwaylaws.
C. Alwayswearyourseatbelt,whetherthedriverorapassenger.
D. Reportallaccidentsassoonaspossibletoyoursupervisorandobtainapolicereport.
E. Keys must be removed from all unattended vehicles and the vehicles must be locked,
unlessparkinginsidethefacility.
F. DonotjumpfromthecaborbedofCompanyvehicles.Alwaysusethestairsoraladder.
G. Inspectyourvehicleandreportanydefectsoroperatingproblemstoyoursupervisorso
thatrepairscanbemade.
H. Nosmokingwhilerefueling.
I. Ifyourdriver'slicenseisrevokedorexpired,immediatelynotifyyoursupervisoranddo
notdriveoroperateCompanyvehiclesorequipment.
3.15 Traffic Safety
Allemployeesexposedtotraffichazardsarerequiredtowearorangeflagginggarmentsatall
times. The company vehicle shall be required to have all emergency equipment and clearly
markedassuch.
A. When possible, construction vehicles are to be placed between the employees and
traffictopreventvehiclesfromenteringtheworkareaandhittingmembersofthecrew.
B. AlltrafficcontrolswillbeestablishedinaccordancewiththeManualofTrafficControls
forConstructionandMaintenanceWorkZones.
C. Trafficcontrolsaretobeproperlymaintainedthroughouttheworkday.Signsandcones
mustbekeptupright,visibleandintheirproperpositionatalltimes.

32
3.16 Employee Acknowledgement Form
ThisistocertifythatIhavereceivedacopyofTheCompanyCodeofSafePractices.
A. I have read these instructions, understand them, and will comply with them while
workingforTOPPSWellService,Inc.
B. I understand that failure to abide by these rules may result in disciplinary action and
possibleterminationofmyemploymentwithTOPPSWellService,Inc.
C. IalsounderstandthatIamtoreportanyinjurytomyforeman,manager,safetyofficer
orsuperintendentimmediatelyandreportallsafetyhazards.
D. I am an at will employee that can be terminated per Sections of this manual and
Companypolicyandprocedures.
E. IfurtherunderstandthatIhavethefollowingSafetyRights:
1. IamnotrequiredtoworkinanyareaIfeelisnotsafe.
2. IamentitledtoinformationonanyhazardousmaterialorchemicalIamexposed
towhileworking.
3. IamentitledtoseeacopyofTOPPSEnvironmentalHealthandSafetyManual.
4. Iwillnotbediscriminatedagainstforreportingsafetyconcerns.
__________________________________________________________ ___________
EmployeeName/Signature/ Date
__________________________________________________________ ___________
SupervisorName/Signature/ Date
cc:EmployeeFile

33
4.0 Assured Equipment Grounding Conductor Program
A. GroundFaultCircuitInterrupter
1. TOPPS Well Service, Inc. has adopted this program for equipment grounding
protectionfortheprotectionofemployeesfromthefollowingOSHAregulations:
B. 1926.404WiringDesignandProtection
1. TOPPSWellService,Inc.willuseGroundFaultCircuitInterruptersonalljobsites
when possible. When GFCI equipment is infeasible, the following guidelines,
procedures, engineering controls, and work practices will be enforced to
eliminate all injuries resulting from possible malfunctions, improper grounding
and/ordefectiveelectricaltoolsandsystems:
2. The Safety Personnel is designated as the Competent Person in charge of the
GroundingConductorprogramforTOPPSWellService,Inc..
3. A written description of this Grounding Conductor Program, including the
following specific procedures, are available on the jobsite for inspection or
copying by OSHA and any affected employee from The Safety Personnel upon
request.
4. This Assured Grounding Conductor Program applies to all TOPPS Well Service,
Inc.sites,coveringallcordsetsandreceptaclesthatarenotpartofthebuilding
orstructure,andequipmentconnectedbycordandplugwhichareavailablefor
useorusedbyemployees.
5. TOPPSWellService,Inc.willnotmakeavailable,orallowtheusebyemployees,
of any equipment which does not meet the requirements of this Grounding
ConductorSafetyProgram.
6. Employeesarerequired,beforeeachdaysuse,tovisuallyinspecteachextension
cord, or other device, and any equipment connected by cord and plug, for
externaldefects,suchasdeformedormissingpinsorinsulationdamage,andfor
signs of possible internal damage. Cord sets, devices, and receptacles that are
fixed and not exposed to damage are exempt from this inspection. Employees
are prohibited from using damaged or defective equipment. Any equipment
found to be damaged or defecve will be immediately tagged DO NOT USE
andremovedfromservice.
7. Tests performed as required by this program will be recorded as to the identity
of each receptacle, cord set, and cord and plug connected equipment that
passedthetestandwillindicatethelastdatetestedorintervalforwhichiswas
tested.Thisrecordwillbekeptbymeansoflogs,colorcoding,orothereffective
means and will be maintained until replaced by a more current record. These
records will be made available at the jobsite for inspection by OSHA and any
affectedemployees.
34
8. Tests will be performed on all extension cords, other devices and receptacles
thatarenotpartofthepermanentwiringofthebuildingorstructure,andcord
andplugconnectedequipmentrequiredtobegroundedwillinclude:
9. Testingallequipmentgroundingconductorsforcontinuity.
10. Testingeachreceptacleorplugtoassuretheequipmentgroundingconductoris
connectedtoitsproperterminal.
11. Testingwillbeperformed:
12. Beforeeachuse.
13. Beforeequipmentisreturnedtousefollowinganyrepairs.
14. Beforeequipmentwhichhassustainedpossibledamageisused.
15. At intervals not to exceed 3 months, except that cord sets & receptacles which
arefixedandnotexposedtodamagewillbetestedatintervalsnotexceeding6
months.
16. A log will be kept on the jobsite of all tests performed. These records will be
keptuntilreplacedbyanewerrecord.Thelogwillinclude:
17. Pass/Fail record of each receptacle, cord set, and cord and plugconnected
equipmentthatwastested.
18. Dateoftestingortestintervals.
C. 1926.404WIRINGDESIGNANDPROTECTION.
1. Useandidentificationofgroundedandgroundingconductors.
a. Identification of conductors. A conductor used as a grounded conductor
shall be identifiable and distinguishable from all other conductors. A
conductor used as an equipment grounding conductor shall be
identifiableanddistinguishablefromallotherconductors.
b. Polarityofconnections.Nogroundedconductorshallbeattachedtoany
terminalorleadsoastoreversedesignatedpolarity.
c. Use of grounding terminals and devices. A grounding terminal or
groundingtype device on a receptacle, cord connector, or attachment
plugshallnotbeusedforpurposesotherthangrounding.
2. Branchcircuits.
a. GroundFaultProtection
i. General.Theemployershalluseeithergroundfaultcircuitinterruptersas
specified in this manual of this section or an assured equipment
grounding conductor program as specified here in of this section to
protect employees on construction sites. These requirements are in
additiontoanyotherrequirementsforequipmentgroundingconductors.
ii. Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters. All 120volt, singlephase, 15 and 20
ampere receptacle outlets on construction sites, which are not part of
35
thepermanentwiringofthebuildingorstructureandwhichareinuseby
employees, shall have approved ground fault circuit interrupters for
personnel protection. Receptacles on a twowire, singlephase portable
or vehicle mounted generator rated not more than 5kW, where the
circuit conductors of the generator are insulated from the generator
frame and all other grounded surfaces, need not be protected with
groundfaultcircuitinterrupters.
iii. Assured equipment grounding conductor program. The employer shall
establish and implement and assured equipment grounding conductor
program on construction sites covering all cord sets, receptacles which
are not part of the building or structure, and equipment connected by
cordorplugwhichareavailableforuseorusedemployees.Thisprogram
shallcomplywiththefollowingminimumrequirements:
b. A written description of the program, including the employers specific
procedures. The program must be at the job site for inspection and copying by
theAssistantSecretaryandanyaffectedemployee.
c. The employer must designate one or more competent persons ) to implement
theprogram.
d. Beforeeachdaysuse,visuallyinspecteachextensioncord,orotherdevice,and
any equipment connected by cord and plug, for external defects, such as
deformedormissingpinsorinsulationdamage,andforsignsofpossibleinternal
damage. Extension cords, devices and receptacles not exposed to damage are
exemptfromthisinspection.Donotusedamagedordefectiveequipment.
e. Dothesetestsonallextensioncords,otherdevicesandreceptaclesthatarenot
part of the permanent wiring of the building or structure, and cord and plug
connectedequipmentrequiredtobegrounded:
i. Testallequipmentgroundingconductorsforcontinuity.
ii. Test each receptacle or plug to assure the equipment grounding
conductorisconnectedtoitsproperterminal.
2. Doallrequiredtests:
a. Beforefirstuse;
b. Beforefirstuseafterrepair;
c. Beforeuseafteranyincidentthatreasonablycouldcausedamage;and
d. At intervals not longer than 3 months. Inspect fixed extension cords, other
devicesandreceptaclesnotexposedtodamageatleastevery6months.
3. The employer shall not make available or permit the use by employees of any
equipmentwhichhasnotmettherequirementsofthissection.
36
4. Record all tests required in this paragraph. This test record must identify each
receptacle,cordset,andcordandplugconnectedequipmentthatpassedthetestand
indicate the last date of testing or the test interval. Keep this record by means of logs,
color coding, or other effective means. Keep the record until replaced by a newer
record.TherecordmustbeavailableonthejobsiteforinspectionbytheAdministrator
andanyaffectedemployee.
5. Outlet devices. Outlet devices shallhave an ampere rating not less than the load to be
servedandshallcomplywiththefollowing:
a. Single receptacles. A single receptacle installed on an individual branch circuit
shallhaveanampereratingofnotlessthanthatofthebranchcircuit.
b. Twoormorereceptacles.Whereconnectedtoabranchcircuitsupplyingtwoor
morereceptaclesoroutlets,receptacleratingsshallconformtothevalueslisted
inTableK4.
c. Receptaclesusedfortheconnectionofmotors.Theratingofanattachmentplug
or receptacle used for cord and plugconnection of a motor to a branch circuit
shallnotexceed15amperesat125voltsor10amperesat250voltsifindividual
overloadprotectionisomitted.
6. Outsideconductorsandlamps.
a. 600volts,nominal,orless.
b. Conductors on poles. Conductors supported on poles shall provide a horizontal
climbingspacenotlessthanthefollowing:
c. Powerconductorsbelowcommunicationconductors.30inches.
d. Powerconductorsaloneorabovecommunicationconductors:300voltsorless.
24inches;morethan300volts.30inches.
e. Communication conductors below power conductors: with power conductors
300voltsorless24inches;morethan300volts30inches.
7. Clearance from ground. Open conductors shall conform to the following minimum
clearances:
a. 10 feet . Above finished grade, sidewalks, or from any platform or projection
fromwhichtheymightbereached.
b. 12feet.Overareassubjecttovehiculartrafficotherthantrucktraffic.
c. 15 feet . Over areas other than those specified this section that are subject to
trucktraffic.
d. 18feet.Overpublicstreets,alleys,roads,anddriveways.
e. Clearancefrombuildingopenings.Conductorsshallhaveaclearanceofatleast3
feet from windows, doors, fire escapes, or similar locations. Conductors run
above the top level of a window are considered to be out of reach from that
windowand,therefore,donothavetobe3feetaway.
37
f. Clearance over roofs. Conductors above roof space accessible to employees on
footshallhaveaclearancefromthehighestpointoftheroofsurfaceofnotless
than 8 feet vertical clearance for insulated conductors, not less than 10 feet
vertical or diagonal clearance for covered conductors, and not less than 15 feet
forbareconductors,exceptthat:
i. Where the roof space is also accessible to vehicular traffic, the vertical
clearanceshallnotbelessthan18feet,or
ii. Where the roof space is not normally accessible to employees on foot,
fully insulated conductors shall have a vertical or diagonal clearance of
notlessthan3feet,or
iii. Where the voltage between conductors is 300 volts or less and the roof
has a slope of not less than 4 inches in 12 inches , the clearance from
roofsshallbeatleast3feet,or
iv. Where the voltage between conductors is 300 volts or less and the
conductorsdonotpassovermorethan4feetoftheoverhangportionof
the roof and they are terminated at a throughtheroof raceway or
support,theclearancefromroofsshallbeatleast18inches.
g. Locationofoutdoorlamps.Lampsforoutdoorlightingshallbelocatedbelowall
live conductors, transformers, or other electric equipment, unless such
equipmentiscontrolledbyadisconnectingmeansthatcanbelockedintheopen
position or unless adequate clearances or other safeguards are provided for
relampingoperations.
8. Services.
a. Disconnectingmeans.
i. General. Means shall be provided to disconnect all conductors in a
building or other structure from the serviceentrance conductors. The
disconnecting means shall plainly indicate whether it is in the open or
closed position and shall be installed at a readily accessible location
nearestthepointofentranceoftheserviceentranceconductors.
ii. Simultaneous opening of poles. Each service disconnecting means shall
simultaneouslydisconnectallungroundedconductors.
b. Servicesover600volts,nominal.Thefollowingadditionalrequirementsapplyto
servicesover600volts,nominal.
i. Guarding. Serviceentrance conductors installed as open wires shall be
guardedtomakethemaccessibleonlytoqualifiedpersons.
ii. Warning signs. Signs warning of high voltage shall be posted where
unauthorizedemployeesmightcomeincontactwithliveparts.
c. Overcurrentprotection.
38
i. 600 volts, nominal, or less. The following requirements apply to
overcurrentprotectionofcircuitsrated600volts,nominal,orless.
ii. Protection of conductors and equipment. Conductors and equipment
shall be protected from overcurrent in accordance with their ability to
safely conduct current. Conductors shall have sufficient amp capacity to
carrytheload.
iii. Grounded conductors. Except for motorrunning overload protection,
overcurrent devices shall not interrupt the continuity of the grounded
conductorunlessallconductorsofthecircuitareopenedsimultaneously.
iv. Disconnection of fuses and thermal cutouts. Except for devices provided
for currentlimiting on the supply side of the service disconnecting
means, all cartridge fuses which are accessible to other than qualified
persons and all fuses and thermal cutouts on circuits over 150 volts to
ground shall be provided with disconnecting means. This disconnecting
means shall be installed so that the fuse or thermal cutout can be
disconnected from its supply without disrupting service to equipment
andcircuitsunrelatedtothoseprotectedbytheovercurrentdevice.
v. Location in or on premises. Overcurrent devices shall be readily
accessible. Overcurrent devices shall not be located where they could
create an employee safety hazard by being exposed to physical damage
orlocatedinthevicinityofeasilyignitablematerial.
vi. Arcing or suddenly moving parts. Fuses and circuit breakers shall be so
located or shielded that employees will not be burned or otherwise
injuredbytheiroperation.
9. Circuitbreakers.
a. Circuit breakers shall clearly indicate whether they are in the open or closed
position.
b. Where circuit breaker handles on switchboards are operated vertically rather
thanhorizontallyorrotationally,theuppositionofthehandleshallbetheclosed
position.
c. Ifusedasswitchesin120volt,fluorescentlightingcircuits,circuitbreakersshall
bemarked"SWD."
d. Over 600 volts, nominal. Feeders and branch circuits over 600 volts, nominal,
shallhaveshortcircuitedprotection.
e. Grounding. Within paragraphs of this section contain grounding requirements
forsystems,circuits,andequipment.
f. Systems to be grounded. The following systems which supply premises wiring
shallbegrounded:
39
i. Threewire DC systems. All 3wire DC systems shall have their neutral
conductorgrounded.
ii. Twowire DC systems. Twowire DC systems operating at over 50 volts
through300voltsbetweenconductorsshallbegroundedunlesstheyare
rectifierderivedfromanACsystemcomplyingwithinthissection.
iii. AC circuits, less than 50 volts. AC circuits of less than 50 volts shall be
grounded if they are installed as overhead conductors outside of
buildings or if they are supplied by transformers and the transformer
primarysupplysystemisungroundedorexceeds150voltstoground.
iv. AC systems, 50 volts to 1000 volts. AC systems of 50 volts to 1000 volts
shall be grounded under any of the following conditions, unless
exemptedbyparagraphofthissection:
10. If the system can be so grounded that the maximum voltage to ground on the
ungroundedconductorsdoesnotexceed150volts;
11. If the system is nominally rated 480Y/277 volt, 3phase, 4wire in which the neutral is
usedasacircuitconductor;
12. Ifthesystemisnominallyrated240/120volt, 3phase,4wireinwhichthemidpointof
onephaseisusedasacircuitconductor;or
13. Ifaserviceconductorisuninsulated.
14. Exceptions.ACsystemsof50voltsto1000voltsarenotrequiredtobegroundedifthe
systemisseparatelyderivedandissuppliedbyatransformerthathasaprimaryvoltage
ratinglessthan1000volts,providedallofthefollowingconditionsaremet:
a. Thesystemisusedexclusivelyforcontrolcircuits,
b. The conditions of maintenance and supervision assure that only qualified
personswillservicetheinstallation,
c. Continuityofcontrolpowerisrequired,and
d. Grounddetectorsareinstalledonthecontrolsystem.
e. Separately derived systems. Where this section requires grounding of wiring
systems whose power is derived from generator, transformer, or converter
windings and has no direct electrical connection, including a solidly connected
groundedcircuitconductor,tosupplyconductorsoriginatinginanothersystem,
paragraphswithinofthissectionshallalsoapply.
15. Portableandvehiclemountedgenerators.
a. Portable generators. Under the following conditions, the frame of a portable
generatorneednotbegroundedandmayserveasthegroundingelectrodefora
systemsuppliedbythegenerator:
40
i. The generator supplies only equipment mounted on the generator
and/or cord and plugconnected equipment through receptacles
mountedonthegenerator,
ii. The noncurrentcarrying metal parts of equipment and the equipment
grounding conductor terminals of the receptacles are bonded to the
generatorframe.
b. Vehiclemounted generators. Under the following conditions the frame of a
vehicle may serve as the grounding electrode for a system supplied by a
generatorlocatedonthevehicle:
i. Theframeofthegeneratorisbondedtothevehicleframe
ii. The generator supplies only equipment located on the vehicle and/or
cord and plugconnected equipment through receptacles mounted on
thevehicleoronthegenerator
iii. The noncurrentcarrying metal parts of equipment and the equipment
grounding conductor terminals of the receptacles are bonded to the
generatorframe,and
iv. Thesystemcomplieswithallotherprovisionsofthissection.
c. Neutral conductor bonding. A neutral conductor shall be bonded to the
generatorframeifthegeneratorisacomponentofaseparatelyderivedsystem.
Nootherconductorneedbebondedtothegeneratorframe.
d. Conductors to be grounded. For AC premises wiring systems the identified
conductorshallbegrounded.
16. Groundingconnections.
a. Groundedsystem.Foragroundedsystem,agroundingelectrodeconductorshall
beusedtoconnectboththeequipmentgroundingconductorandthegrounded
circuit conductor to the grounding electrode. Both the equipment grounding
conductor and the grounding electrode conductor shall be connected to the
grounded circuit conductor on the supply side of the service disconnecting
means,oronthesupplysideofthesystemdisconnectingmeansorovercurrent
devicesifthesystemisseparatelyderived.
17. Ungrounded systems. For an ungrounded servicesupplied system, the equipment
grounding conductor shall be connected to the grounding electrode conductor at the
service equipment. For an ungrounded separately derived system, the equipment
grounding conductor shall be connected to the grounding electrode conductor at, or
aheadof,thesystemdisconnectingmeansorovercurrentdevices.
18. Grounding path. The path to ground from circuits, equipment, and enclosures shall be
permanentandcontinuous.
19. Supports,enclosures,andequipmenttobegrounded.
41
a. Supportsandenclosuresforconductors.Metalcabletrays,metalraceways,and
metalenclosuresforconductorsshallbegrounded,exceptthat:
b. Metalenclosuressuchassleevesthatareusedtoprotectcableassembliesfrom
physicaldamageneednotbegrounded;and
c. Metal enclosures for conductors added to existing installations of open wire,
knobandtubewiring,andnonmetallicsheathedcableneednotbegroundedif
allthefollowingconditionsaremet:
i. Runsarelessthan25feet;
ii. Enclosuresarefreefromprobablecontactwithground,groundedmetal,
metallaths,orotherconductivematerials
iii. Enclosuresareguardedagainstemployeecontact.
iv. Service equipment enclosures. Metal enclosures for service equipment
shallbegrounded.
d. Fixed equipment. Exposed noncurrentcarrying metal parts of fixed equipment
which may become energized shall be grounded under any of the following
conditions:
e. If within 8 feet vertically or 5 feet horizontally of ground or grounded metal
objectsandsubjecttoemployeecontact.
f. Iflocatedinawetordamplocationandsubjecttoemployeecontact.
g. Ifinelectricalcontactwithmetal.
h. Ifinahazardouslocation.
i. If supplied by a metalclad, metalsheathed, or grounded metal raceway wiring
method.
j. Ifequipmentoperateswithanyterminalatover150voltstoground; however,
thefollowingneednotbegrounded:
i. Enclosures for switches or circuit breakers used for other than service
equipmentandaccessibletoqualifiedpersonsonly;
ii. Metalframesofelectricallyheatedapplianceswhicharepermanently
iii. The cases of distribution apparatus such as transformers and capacitors
mountedonwoodenpolesataheightexceeding8feetabovegroundor
gradelevel.
iv. Equipment connected by cord and plug. Under any of the conditions
described in paragraphs of this section, exposed noncurrentcarrying
metal parts of cord and plugconnected equipment which may become
energizedshallbegrounded:
k. Ifinahazardouslocation.
42
l. If operated at over 150 volts to ground, except for guarded motors and metal
framesofelectricallyheatedappliancesiftheapplianceframesarepermanently
andeffectivelyinsulatedfromground.
m. Iftheequipmentisoneofthetypeslistedinthissection.However,eventhough
the equipment may be one of these types, it need not be grounded if it is
exemptedbyparagraphlistedabove.
20. Handheldmotoroperatedtools;
a. Cord and plugconnected equipment used in damp or wet locations or by
employeesstandingonthegroundoronmetalfloorsorworkinginsideofmetal
tanksorboilers;
b. PortableandmobileXrayandassociatedequipment;
c. Toolslikelytobeusedinwetand/orconductivelocations;and
d. Portablehandlamps.
e. Toolslikelytobeusedinwetand/orconductivelocationsneednotbegrounded
if supplied through an isolating transformer with an ungrounded secondary of
notover50volts.Listedorlabeledportabletoolsandappliancesprotectedbya
system of double insulation, or its equivalent, need not be grounded. If such a
systemisemployed,theequipmentshallbedistinctivelymarkedtoindicatethat
thetoolorapplianceutilizesasystemofdoubleinsulation.
f. Nonelectrical equipment. The metal parts of the following nonelectrical
equipmentshallbegrounded:Framesandtracksofelectricallyoperatedcranes;
frames of nonelectrically driven elevator cars to which electric conductors are
attached;handoperatedmetalshiftingropesorcablesofelectricelevators,and
metal partitions, grill work, and similar metal enclosures around equipment of
over1kVbetweenconductors.
21. Methodsofgroundingequipment.
a. With circuit conductors. Noncurrentcarrying metal parts of fixed equipment, if
required to be grounded by this subpart, shall be grounded by an equipment
groundingconductorwhichiscontainedwithinthesameraceway,cable,orcord,
or runs with or encloses the circuit conductors. For DC circuits only, the
equipment grounding conductor may be run separately from the circuit
conductors.
b. Grounding conductor. A conductor used for grounding fixed or movable
equipmentshallhavecapacitytoconductsafelyanyfaultcurrentwhichmaybe
imposedonit.
c. Equipmentconsideredeffectivelygrounded.Electricequipmentisconsideredto
beeffectivelygroundedifitissecuredto,andinelectricalcontactwith,ametal
rackorstructurethatisprovidedforitssupportandthemetalrackorstructure
43
is grounded by the method specified for the noncurrentcarrying metal parts of
fixed equipment in this section. Metal car frames supported by metal hoisting
cablesattachedtoorrunningovermetalsheavesordrumsofgroundedelevator
machinesarealsoconsideredtobeeffectivelygrounded.
22. Bonding. If bonding conductors areused to assure electrical continuity, they shallhave
thecapacitytoconductanyfaultcurrentwhichmaybeimposed.
23. Made electrodes. If made electrodes are used, they shall be free from nonconductive
coatings, such as paint or enamel; and, if practicable, they shall be embedded below
permanentmoisturelevel.Asingleelectrodeconsistingofarod,pipeorplatewhichhas
a resistance to ground greater than 25 ohms shall be augmented by one additional
electrodeinstallednocloserthan6feettothefirstelectrode.
24. Groundingofsystemsandcircuitsof1000voltsandover.
a. General. If high voltage systems are grounded, they shall comply with all
applicableprovisionsofparagraphsthissection.
b. Grounding of systems supplying portable or mobile equipment. Systems
supplying portable or mobile high voltage equipment, other than substations
installedonatemporarybasis,shallcomplywiththefollowing:
i. Portable and mobile high voltage equipment shall be supplied from a
system having its neutral grounded through an impedance. If a delta
connectedhighvoltagesystemisusedtosupplytheequipment,asystem
neutralshallbederived.
ii. Exposed noncurrentcarrying metal parts of portable and mobile
equipment shall be connected by an equipment grounding conductor to
thepointatwhichthesystemneutralimpedanceisgrounded.
iii. Groundfault detection and relaying shall be provided to automatically
deenergize any high voltage system component which has developed a
groundfault.Thecontinuityoftheequipmentgroundingconductorshall
be continuously monitored so as to deenergize automatically the high
voltage feeder to the portable equipment upon loss of continuity of the
equipmentgroundingconductor.
iv. The grounding electrode to which the portable or mobile equipment
system neutral impedance is connected shall be isolated from and
separated in the ground by at least 20 feet from any other system or
equipment grounding electrode, and there shall be no direct connection
between the grounding electrodes, such as buried pipe, fence or like
objects.
v. Groundingofequipment.Allnoncurrentcarryingmetalpartsofportable
equipment and fixed equipment including their associated fences,
44
housings, enclosures, and supporting structures shall be grounded.
However, equipment which is guarded by location and isolated from
ground need not be grounded. Additionally, polemounted distribution
apparatusataheightexceeding8feetabovegroundorgradelevelneed
notbegrounded.

45
5.0 Bloodborne Pathogens
TOPPS Well Service, Inc. is committed to the safety and health of our employees and
prohibiting the spread of Bloodborne Pathogens. Therefore, the following Bloodborne
Pathogens Safety Programs has been adopted. In the event an employee is exposed to
Bloodborne Pathogens, all measures within this program shall be provided to eliminate the
spreadofdisease.
This policy for the prevention of hazardous employee exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens is
adoptedinaccordancewiththefollowingOSHAregulations:
1910.1030BloodbornePathogens
1910.1028HazardCommunicationStandardsforEmployers.
A. TOPPS Well Service, Inc. has implemented this plan to ensure that no employee is
exposedto hazardousBloodborne Pathogensin theworkplace.TheSafetyPersonnelis
the Company administrator who has the overall supervisory responsibility for the
effectivenessofthisprogramandformaintainingmedicalandtrainingrecords.
B. TOPPS WellService, Inc. willensurethat acopyof the Exposure Control Plan is kept at
the Company office, and in the workplace, available to employees at all times in
accordancewith29CFR1910.1020.
1. Upon initial hiring, all employees will be trained in exposure awareness and
prevention techniques for bloodborne pathogens. Employees will receive
refresher training annually, or if observed to commit unsafe acts regarding
potentially infectious material, or when changing job conditions or assignments
warrants it. Training records will include date of training, training content,
attendancerecordsincludingjobtitle,andwillbekeptonfileattheofficefora
minimumof3years.
2. TOPPSWellService,Inc.willestablishandmaintainanaccuraterecordforeach
employee with occupational exposure, in accordance with 1910.1020. Training
records will include the dates and contents of training, and the names and job
titles of persons attending. Training records will be maintained for 3 years from
the date of training and medical records will be maintained for at least the
durationofemploymentplus30years.
3. TOPPSWellService,Inc.willensurethatallrecordsrequiredbythissectionwill
be made available upon request of employees, Assistant Secretary, and the
Owner for examination and copying. Medical records will have the written
consent of the employee before being released. TOPPS Well Service, Inc. will
comply with the requirements involving transfer of records set forth in
46
1910.1020.TOPPSWellService,Inc.willmakeavailabletheHepatitisBvaccine
toallemployeesthathaveoccupationalexposureatnocosttotheemployee.
5.1 Exposure Control Plan
Employees with occupational exposure for the construction industry are limited to job duties
that require workers to administer first aid and/or CPR when necessary. Employees trained in
firstaidandCPRanddesignatedasFirstAidRespondersareconsideredatriskofoccupational
exposure due to the nature of these duties . Occupational exposure is defined as reasonably
anticipated contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials that may result from
theperformanceofanemployeesduties.
A. The exposure determination will be made without regard to the use of personal
protective equipment. All employees who, as a result of performing their job duties,
must engage in activities where exposure to blood or other potentially infectious
materials is reasonably anticipated are considered to have occupational exposure to
bloodborne pathogen. Employees will take necessary precautions to avoid direct
contactwithbodyfluids.
B. Personal Protective equipment will be available at all times to prevent exposure to
infectious material for employees required to handle potentially hazardous material,
performfirstaidprocedures,ortoperformroutinedutieswhichmaybringanemployee
intocontactwithpotentiallyinfectiousmaterial.
C. Employeesinjobclassificationsinwhichtheymaypossiblyhaveoccupationalexposure
tobloodbornepathogens,ormaterialpossiblycontainingbloodbornepathogens,willbe
giventheopportunitytoparticipateinthehepatitisBvaccineprogram.
D. Universal precautions will be observed. Under circumstances in which differentiation
between body fluids is difficult or impossible, all body fluids will be considered
potenally infecous. The term universal precautions refers to a method of
bloodborne disease control that requires all human blood and other potentially
infectious materials to be treated as if known to be infectious HIV, HBV or other
bloodbornepathogens.
E. If provision of hand washing facilities is not feasible, TOPPS Well Service, Inc. will
provide either an appropriate antiseptic hand cleanser in conjunction with cloth/paper
towels or antiseptic towelettes. All employees are allowed access to proper restroom
and sanitary facilities. Hand washing and disinfecting supplies are always available to
employeeseitheratrestroomfacilitiesoruponrequest.
F. Bloodsoaked bandages or other potentially infectious materials from the accident site
willbeputinproperlymarked,leakproofbagsforhandling.
G. Proper disposal containers for potentially infectious material are available as needed.
Anysuchcontainerswillbeproperlymarkedforbiohazardsanddisposedofproperly.All
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equipmentorenvironmentalsurfaceswillbecleanedanddecontaminatedaftercontact
withbloodorotherinfectiousmaterials.
H. Any injury to personnel must be reported immediately to a supervisor, and
unauthorizedpersonnelwillberestrictedfromtheareawheretheinjuryoccurreduntil
itisdeterminedthatnothreatofinfectionispresent,oruntilproperlytrainedpersonnel
candisposeofanyinfectiousmaterial.
5.2 Regulation Label to be used
Any exposed sharp edges or devices which may cause laceration or puncture on machines,
tools,orequipmentwillbeeliminatedorprotectedtopreventinjurytopersonnel.Allmachine
guards will be inspected daily to ensure that they are in place and secure to prevent injury to
personnelandthespreadofbloodbornepathogens.
A. Engineeringandworkpracticecontrolswillbeusedtoeliminateorminimizeemployee
exposure.Companyassignedfirstaidresponderswillbetrainedinuniversalprecautions
and proper PPE use when giving first aid. Engineering controls will be examined and
maintainedorreplacedonaregularscheduletoensuretheireffectiveness.
B. PPE, such as gloves and gowns, is provided to our employees at no cost to them when
the possibility of occupational exposure is present. Appropriate PPE in the proper sizes
willbereadilyaccessible.PPEwillbecleanedlaundered,andproperlydisposed.PPEwill
berepairedorreplacedasneededtomaintainitseffectiveness.PPEwillbeusedunless,
underrarecircumstances,theemployeetemporarilydeclinedtousePPE.
C. TrainingintheuseoftheappropriatePPEforspecifictasksorproceduresisprovidedby
TOPPSWellService,Inc.PPEmaybeobtainedbycontactingTheSafetyPersonnel,who
isresponsibleforensuringthatPPEisavailable.
D. AllemployeesusingPPEmustobservethefollowingprecautions:
1. WashhandsassoonasfeasibleafterremovingglovesorotherPPE.
2. RemovePPEafteritbecomescontaminatedandbeforeleavingtheworkarea.
3. ContaminatedPPEmustbeproperlyhandledordisposedofinproperlymarked,
leakproof bags. When PPE is to be decontaminated, proper handling
precautionsandprocedureswillbeobservedduringthisprocess.
4. Wear appropriate gloves when it is reasonably anticipated that there may be
handcontactwithbloodorOPIM,andwhenhandlingortouchingcontaminated
items or surfaces; replace gloves if torn, punctured or contaminated, or if their
abilitytofunctionasabarrieriscompromised.
5. Wear appropriate face and eye protection when splashes, sprays, spatters, or
dropletsofbloodorOPIMposeahazardtotheeye,nose,ormouth.
6. Removeimmediatelyorassoonasfeasibleanygarmentcontaminatedbyblood
orOPIM,insuchawayastoavoidcontactwiththeoutersurface.
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E. TOPPS Well Service, Inc. will ensure that a copy of this Exposure Control Plan is
accessibletoemployeesinaccordancewith1910.1020.
F. 1910.1030 Bloodborne Pathogens: Scope and Application. This section applies to all
occupationalexposuretobloodorotherPotentiallyInfectiousMaterials.
5.3 Exposure Control.
Exposure Control Plan. Each employer having an employee with occupational exposure as
defined by above this section shall establish a written Exposure Control Plan designed to
eliminateorminimizeemployeeexposure.TheExposureControlPlanshallcontainatleastthe
followingelements:
A. Theexposuredeterminationrequiredbyaboveparagraph.
B. Thescheduleandmethodofimplementationforparagraphs:
1. MethodsofCompliance,
2. HIVandHBVResearchLaboratoriesandProductionFacilities,
3. HepatitisBVaccination
4. PostExposureEvaluationandFollowup,
5. CommunicationofHazardstoEmployees,
6. Recordkeeping,ofthisstandard
C. The procedure for the evaluation of circumstances surrounding exposure incidents as
required by this standard. Each employer shall ensure that a copy of the Exposure
Control Plan is accessible to employees in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.1020. The
Exposure Control Plan shall be reviewed and updated at least annually and whenever
necessary to reflect new or modified tasks and procedures which affect occupational
exposureandtoreflectneworrevisedemployeepositionswithoccupationalexposure.
Thereviewandupdateofsuchplansshallalso:
1. Reflect changes in technology that eliminate or reduce exposure to bloodborne
pathogens;and
2. Document annually consideration and implementation of appropriate
commerciallyavailableandeffectivesafermedicaldevicesdesignedtoeliminate
or minimize exposure. An employer, who is required to establish an Exposure
Control Plan shall solicit input from nonmanagerial employees responsible for
the direct patient care who are potentially exposed to injuries from
contaminated sharps in the identification, evaluation, and selection of effective
engineeringandworkpracticecontrolsandshalldocumentthesolicitationinthe
ExposureControlPlan.TheExposureControlPlanshallbemadeavailabletothe
AssistantSecretaryandtheOwneruponrequestforexaminationandcopying.
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5.3 Exposure Determination.
Each employer who has an employee with occupational exposure shall prepare an exposure
determination.Thisexposuredeterminationshallcontainthefollowing:
A. A list of all job classifications in which all employees in those job classifications have
occupationalexposure;
B. Alistofjobclassificationsinwhichsomeemployeeshaveoccupationalexposure
C. A list of all tasks and procedures or groups of closely related task and procedures in
which occupational exposure occurs and that are performed by employees in job
classifications listed. This exposure determination shall be made without regard to the
useofpersonalprotectiveequipment.
5.4 Methods of Compliance.
General: Universal precautions shall be observed to prevent contact with blood or other
potentially infectious materials. Under circumstances in which differentiation between body
fluid types is difficult or impossible, all body fluids shall be considered potentially infectious
materials.
5.5 Engineering and Work Practice Controls.
Engineering and work practice controls shall be used to eliminate or minimize employee
exposure. Where occupational exposure remains after institution of these controls, personal
protectiveequipmentshallalsobeused.
A. Engineering controls shall be examined and maintained or replaced on a regular
scheduletoensuretheireffectiveness.
B. Employers shall provide hand washing facilities which are readily accessible to
employees.
C. When provision of hand washing facilities is not feasible, the employer shall provide
either an appropriate antiseptic hand cleanser in conjunction with clean cloth/paper
towelsorantiseptictowelettes.Whenantiseptichandcleansersortowelettesareused,
handsshallbewashedwithsoapandrunningwaterassoonasfeasible.
D. Employers shall ensure that employees wash their hands immediately or as soon as
feasibleafterremovalofglovesorotherpersonalprotectiveequipment.
E. Employers shall ensure that employees wash hands and any other skin with soap and
water, or flush mucous membranes with water immediately or as soon as feasible
following contact of such body areas with blood or other potentially infectious
materials.
F. Contaminated needles and other contaminated sharps shall not be bent, recapped, or
removed except as noted in paragraphs below. Shearing or breaking of contaminated
needlesisprohibited.
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G. Contaminated needles and other contaminated sharps shall not be bent, recapped or
removed unless the employer can demonstrate that no alternative is feasible or that
suchactionisrequiredbyaspecificmedicalordentalprocedure.
H. Suchbending,recappingorneedleremovalmustbeaccomplishedthroughtheuseofa
mechanicaldeviceoraonehandedtechnique.
I. Immediately or as soon as possible after use, contaminated reusable sharps shall be
placedinappropriatecontainersuntilproperlyreprocessed.Thesecontainersshallbe:
1. punctureresistant
2. labeledorcolorcodedinaccordancewiththisstandard
3. leakproofonthesidesandbottom
4. inaccordancewiththerequirementssetforthinparagraphforreusablesharps.
J. Eating, drinking, smoking, applying cosmetics or lip balm, and handling contact lenses
are prohibited in work areas where there is a reasonable likelihood of occupational
exposure.
K. Food and drink shall not be kept in refrigerators, freezers, shelves, cabinets or on
countertops or bench tops where blood or other potentially infectious materials are
present.
L. All procedures involving blood or other potentially infectious materials shall be
performed in such a manner as to minimize splashing, spraying, spattering, and
generationofdropletsofthesesubstances.
M. Mouth pipetting/suctioning of blood or other potentially infectious materials is
prohibited.
N. Specimens of blood or other potentially infectious materials shall be placed in a
container which prevents leakage during collection, handling, processing, storage,
transport,orshipping.
O. The container for storage, transport, or shipping shall be labeled or colorcoded and
closed prior to being stored, transported, or shipped. When a facility utilizes Universal
Precautions in the handling of all specimens, the labeling/ colorcoding of specimens is
not necessary provided containers are recognizable as containing specimens. This
exemption only applies while such specimens/containers remain within the facility.
Labelingorcolorcodingisrequiredwhensuchspecimens/containersleavethefacility.
Ifoutsidecontaminationoftheprimarycontaineroccurs,theprimarycontainershallbe
placed within a second container which prevents leakage during handling, processing,
storage, transport, or shipping and is labeled or colorcoded according to the
requirements of this standard. If the specimen could puncture the primary container,
the primary container shall be placed within a secondary container which is puncture
resistantinadditiontotheabovecharacteristics.
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P. Equipmentwhichmaybecomecontaminatedwithbloodorotherpotentiallyinfectious
materials shall beexamined prior to servicing or shipping and shall be decontaminated
as necessary, unless the employer can demonstrate that decontamination of such
equipmentorportionsofsuchequipmentisnotfeasible.
Q. Areadilyobservablelabelinaccordancewithaboveparagraphsshallbeattachedtothe
equipmentstatingwhichportionsremaincontaminated.
R. The employer shall ensure that this information is conveyed to all affected employees,
theservicingrepresentative,and/orthemanufacturer,asappropriate,priortohandling,
servicing,orshippingsothatappropriateprecautionswillbetaken.
5.6 Personal Protective Equipment.
A. Provision.Whenthereisoccupationalexposure,theemployershallprovide,atnocost
totheemployee,appropriatepersonalprotectiveequipmentsuchas,butnotlimitedto,
gloves, gowns, laboratory coats, face shields or masks and eye protection, and
mouthpieces, resuscitation bags, pocket masks, or other ventilation devices. Personal
protecveequipmentwillbeconsideredappropriate onlyifitdoesnotpermitblood
or other potentially infectious materials to pass through to or reach the employee's
work clothes, street clothes, undergarments, skin, eyes, mouth, or other mucous
membranes under normal conditions of use and for the duration of time which the
protectiveequipmentwillbeused.
B. Use.Theemployershallensurethattheemployeeusesappropriatepersonalprotective
equipment unless the employer shows that the employee temporarily and briefly
declined to use personal protective equipment when, under rare and extraordinary
circumstances,itwastheemployee'sprofessionaljudgmentthatinthespecificinstance
its use would have prevented the delivery of health care or public safety services or
wouldhaveposedanincreasedhazardtothesafetyoftheworkerorcoworker.When
the employee makes this judgment, the circumstances shall be investigated and
documented in order to determine whether changes can be instituted to prevent such
occurrencesinthefuture.
C. Accessibility. The employer shall ensure that appropriate personal protective
equipment in the appropriate sizes is readily accessible at the worksite or is issued to
employees. Hypoallergenic gloves, glove liners, powderless gloves, or other similar
alternativesshallbereadilyaccessibletothoseemployeeswhoareallergictothegloves
normallyprovided.
D. Cleaning, Laundering, and Disposal. The employer shall clean, launder, and dispose of
personal protective equipment required by paragraphs of this standard, at no cost to
theemployee.
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E. Repair and Replacement. The employer shall repair or replace personal protective
equipmentasneededtomaintainitseffectiveness,atnocosttotheemployee.
1. Ifagarmentispenetratedbybloodorotherpotentiallyinfectiousmaterials,the
garmentshallberemovedimmediatelyorassoonasfeasible.
2. All personal protective equipment shall be removed prior to leaving the work
area.
3. When personal protective equipment is removed it shall be placed in an
appropriately designated area or container for storage, washing,
decontaminationordisposal.
F. Gloves. Gloves shall be worn when it can be reasonably anticipated that the employee
may have hand contact with blood, other potentially infectious materials, mucous
membranes,andnonintactskin;whenperformingvascularaccessproceduresexceptas
specifiedandwhenhandlingortouchingcontaminateditemsorsurfaces.
1. Disposable gloves such as surgical or examination gloves shall be replaced as
soon as practical when contaminated or as soon as feasible if they are torn,
punctured,orwhentheirabilitytofunctionasabarrieriscompromised.
2. Disposableglovesshallnotbewashedordecontaminatedforreuse.
3. Utility gloves may be decontaminated for reuse if the integrity of the glove is
notcompromised.However,theymustbediscardediftheyarecracked,peeling,
torn, punctured, or exhibit other signs of deterioration or when their ability to
functionasabarrieriscompromised.
4. If an employer ina volunteer blood donation center judges that routine gloving
forallphlebotomiesisnotnecessarythentheemployershall:
a. Periodicallyreevaluatethispolicy;
b. Make gloves available to all employees who wish to use them for
phlebotomy;
c. Notdiscouragetheuseofglovesforphlebotomy
d. Require that gloves be used for phlebotomy in the following
circumstances:
e. Whentheemployeehascuts,scratches,orotherbreaksinhisorherskin;
f. When the employee judges that hand contamination with blood may
occur, for example, when performing phlebotomy on an uncooperative
sourceindividual;and
g. Whentheemployeeisreceivingtraininginphlebotomy.
G. Masks, Eye Protection, and Face Shields. Masks in combination with eye protection
devices, such as goggles or glasses with solid side shields, or chinlength face shields,
shall be worn whenever splashes, spray, spatter, or droplets of blood or other
53
potentially infectious materials may be generated and eye, nose, or mouth
contaminationcanbereasonablyanticipated.
H. Gowns, Aprons, and Other Protective Body Clothing. Appropriate protective clothing
such as, but not limited to, gowns, aprons, lab coats, clinic jackets, or similar outer
garmentsshallbeworninoccupationalexposuresituations.Thetypeandcharacteristics
willdependuponthetaskanddegreeofexposureanticipated.
1. Surgical caps or hoods and/or shoe covers or boots shall be worn in instances
whengrosscontaminationcanreasonablybeanticipated.
5.7 Housekeeping.
General. Employers shall ensure that the worksite is maintained in a clean and sanitary
condition. The employer shall determine and implement an appropriate written schedule for
cleaning and method of decontamination based upon the location within the facility, type of
surface to be cleaned, type of soil present, and tasks or procedures being performed in the
area.
A. All equipment and environmental and working surfaces shall be cleaned and
decontaminatedaftercontactwithbloodorotherpotentiallyinfectiousmaterials.
B. Contaminated work surfaces shall be decontaminated with an appropriate disinfectant
after completion of procedures; immediately or as soon as feasible when surfaces are
overtlycontaminatedorafteranyspillofbloodorotherpotentiallyinfectiousmaterials;
andattheendoftheworkshiftifthesurfacemayhavebecomecontaminatedsincethe
lastcleaning.
C. Protective coverings, such as plastic wrap, aluminum foil, or imperviouslybacked
absorbent paper used to cover equipment and environmental surfaces, shall be
removed and replaced as soon as feasible when they become overtly contaminated or
attheendoftheworkshiftiftheymayhavebecomecontaminatedduringtheshift.
D. Allbins,pails,cans,andsimilarreceptaclesintendedforreusewhichhaveareasonable
likelihood for becoming contaminated with blood or other potentially infectious
materials shall be inspected and decontaminated on a regularly scheduled basis and
cleaned and decontaminated immediately or as soon as feasible upon visible
contamination.
E. Broken glassware which may be contaminated shall not be picked up directly with the
hands. It shall be cleaned up using mechanical means, such as a brush and dust pan,
tongs,orforceps.
F. Reusable sharps that are contaminated with blood or other potentially infectious
materialsshallnotbestoredorprocessedinamannerthatrequiresemployeestoreach
byhandintothecontainerswherethesesharpshavebeenplaced.
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5.8 Regulated Waste.
ContaminatedSharpsDiscardingandContainment.
A. Contaminatedsharpsshallbediscardedimmediatelyorassoonasfeasibleincontainers
thatare:
1. Closable;
2. Punctureresistant;
3. Leakproofonsidesandbottom;
4. Labeledorcolorcodedinaccordancewiththisstandard.
B. During use, containers for contaminated sharps shall be: Easily accessible to personnel
andlocatedascloseasisfeasibletotheimmediateareawheresharpsareusedorcan
be reasonably anticipated to be found ; Maintained upright throughout use; and
Replacedroutinelyandnotbeallowedtooverfill.
C. When moving containers of contaminated sharps from the area of use, the containers
shall be: Closed immediately prior to removal or replacement to prevent spillage or
protrusion of contents during handling, storage, transport, or shipping; placed in a
secondarycontainerifleakageispossible.
D. Thesecondcontainershallbe:Closable;Constructedtocontainallcontentsandprevent
leakage during handling, storage, transport, or shipping; and Labeled or colorcoded
accordingtoparagraphsofthisstandard.
E. Reusablecontainersshallnotbeopened,emptied,orcleanedmanuallyorinanyother
manner which would expose employees to the risk of percutaneous injury. Other
RegulatedWasteContainment.Regulatedwasteshallbeplacedincontainerswhichare:
1. Closable
2. Constructed to contain all contents and prevent leakage of fluids during
handling,storage,transportorshipping;
3. Labeledorcolorcodedinaccordancewithparagraphsthisstandard;
4. Closed prior to removal to prevent spillage or protrusion of contents during
handling,storage,transport,orshipping.
F. Ifoutsidecontaminationoftheregulatedwastecontaineroccurs,itshallbeplacedina
secondcontainer.Thesecondcontainershallbe:
1. Closable;
2. Constructed to contain all contents and prevent leakage of fluids during
handling,storage,transportorshipping;
3. Labeledorcolorcodedinaccordancewithparagraphsofthisstandard;
4. Closed prior to removal to prevent spillage or protrusion of contents during
handling,storage,transport,orshipping.
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G. Disposalofallregulatedwasteshallbeinaccordancewithapplicableregulationsofthe
UnitedStates,StatesandTerritories,andpoliticalsubdivisionsofStatesandTerritories.
5.9 Laundry
A. Contaminatedlaundryshallbehandledaslittleaspossiblewithaminimumofagitation.
Contaminated laundry shall be bagged or containerized at the location where it was
usedandshallnotbesortedorrinsedinthelocationofuse.
B. Contaminated laundry shall be placed and transported in bags or containers labeled or
colorcoded in accordance with paragraphs of this standard. When a facility utilizes
UniversalPrecautionsinthehandlingofallsoiledlaundry,alternativelabelingorcolor
coding is sufficient if it permits all employees to recognize the containers as requiring
compliancewithUniversalPrecautions.
C. Whenever contaminated laundry is wet and presents a reasonable likelihood of soak
through of or leakage from the bag or container, the laundry shall be placed and
transported in bags or containers which prevent soakthrough and/or leakage of fluids
totheexterior.
D. Theemployershallensurethatemployeeswhohavecontactwithcontaminatedlaundry
wearprotectiveglovesandotherappropriatepersonalprotectiveequipment.
E. When a facility ships contaminated laundry offsite to a second facility which does not
utilize Universal Precautions in the handling of all laundry, the facility generating the
contaminated laundry must place such laundry in bags or containers which are labeled
orcolorcodedinaccordancewithparagraphsofthissection.
5.10 Hepatitis B Vaccination and Postexposure Evaluation and Followup
General.TheemployershallmakeavailablethehepatitisBvaccineandvaccinationseriestoall
employeeswhohaveoccupationalexposure,andpostexposureevaluationandfollowuptoall
employeeswhohavehadanexposureincident.
A. The employer shall ensure that all medical evaluations and procedures including the
hepatitis B vaccine and vaccination series and postexposure evaluation and followup,
includingprophylaxis,are:
1. Madeavailableatnocosttotheemployee;
2. Madeavailabletotheemployeeatareasonabletimeandplace;
3. Performedbyorunderthesupervisionofalicensedphysicianorbyorunderthe
supervisionofanotherlicensedhealthcareprofessional;and
4. ProvidedaccordingtorecommendationsoftheU.S.PublicHealthServicecurrent
atthetimetheseevaluationsandprocedurestakeplace
B. The employer shall ensure that all laboratory tests are conducted by an accredited
laboratoryatnocosttotheemployee.
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C. HepatitisBVaccination
1. HepatitisBvaccinationshallbemadeavailableaftertheemployeehasreceived
the training required and within 10 working days of initial assignment to all
employeeswhohaveoccupationalexposureunlesstheemployeehaspreviously
received the complete hepatitis B vaccination series, antibody testing has
revealed that the employee is immune, or the vaccine is contraindicated for
medicalreasons.
2. The employer shall not make participation in a prescreening program a
prerequisiteforreceivinghepatitisBvaccination.
3. IftheemployeeinitiallydeclineshepatitisBvaccinationbutatalaterdatewhile
stillcoveredunderthestandarddecidestoacceptthevaccination,theemployer
shallmakeavailablehepatitisBvaccinationatthattime.
4. The employer shall assure that employees who decline to accept hepatitis B
vaccinationofferedbytheemployersignastatement
5. If a routine booster dose of hepatitis B vaccine is recommended by the U.S.
PublicHealthServiceatafuturedate,suchboosterdoseshallbemadeavailable.
5.11 Communication of Hazards to Employees
A. Labels and Signs: Warning labels shall be affixed to containers of regulated waste,
refrigeratorsandfreezerscontainingbloodorotherpotentiallyinfectiousmaterial;and
other containers used to store, transport or ship blood or other potentially infectious
materials,exceptasprovided.
B. Labelsrequiredbythissectionshallincludethefollowinglegend:
1. Theselabelsshallbefluorescentorangeororangeredorpredominantlyso,with
letteringandsymbolsinacontrastingcolor.
2. Labels shall be affixed as close as feasible to the container by string, wire,
adhesive,orothermethodthatpreventstheirlossorunintentionalremoval.
3. Redbagsorredcontainersmaybesubstitutedforlabels.
4. Containersofblood,bloodcomponents,orbloodproductsthatarelabeledasto
their contents and have been released for transfusion or other clinical use are
exemptedfromthelabelingrequirements.
5. Individual containers of blood or other potentially infectious materials that are
placedinalabeledcontainerduringstorage,transport,shipmentordisposalare
exemptedfromthelabelingrequirement.
6. Labels required for contaminated equipment shall be in accordance with this
paragraph and shall also state which portions of the equipment remain
contaminated.
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7. Regulated waste that has been decontaminated need not be labeled or color
coded.
C. TheemployershallpostsignsattheentrancetoworkareasspecifiedinparagraphHIV
and HBV Research Laboratory and Production Facilities, which shall bear the following
legend:
1. These signs shall be fluorescent orange red or predominantly so, with lettering
andsymbolsinacontrastingcolor.
2.
3.
4.
5.12 Information and Training
Employersshallensurethatallemployeeswithoccupationalexposureparticipateinatraining
program which must be provided at no cost to the employee and during working hours.
Trainingshallbeprovidedasfollows:
A. Atthetimeofinitialassignmenttotaskswhereoccupationalexposuremaytakeplace;
B. Within90daysaftertheeffectivedateofthestandard;
C. Atleastannuallythereafter.
5.13 Recordkeeping
Medical Records. The employer shall establish and maintain an accurate record for each
employeewithoccupationalexposure,inaccordancewith29CFR1910.1020.
A. Thisrecordshallinclude:
1. Thenameandsocialsecuritynumberoftheemployee;
2. Acopyoftheemployee'shepatitisBvaccinationstatusincludingthedatesofall
the hepatitis B vaccinations and any medical records relative to the employee's
abilitytoreceivevaccination
3. A copy of all results ofexaminations, medical testing, andfollowup procedures
asrequired
4. The employer's copy of the healthcare professional's written opinion as
required
5. Acopyoftheinformationprovidedtothehealthcareprofessionalasrequired
5.14 Confidentiality
Theemployershallensurethatemployeemedicalrecordsrequiredare:
58
A. Keptconfidential;andnotdisclosedorreportedwithouttheemployee'sexpresswritten
consent to any person within or outside the workplace except as required by this
sectionorasmayberequiredbylaw.
B. The employer shall maintain the records required for at least the duration of
employmentplus30yearsinaccordancewith29CFR1910.1020.
5.15 Training Records
Trainingrecordsshallincludethefollowinginformation:Thedatesofthetrainingsessions;the
contents or a summary of the training sessions; the names and qualifications of persons
conducting the training; and the names and job titles of all persons attending the training
sessions.
A. Training records shall be maintained for 3 years from the date on which the training
occurred.
B. The employer shall ensure that all records required to be maintained by this section
shall be made available upon request to the Assistant Secretary and the Owner for
examinationandcopying.
C. Employeetrainingrecordsrequiredbythisparagraphshallbeprovideduponrequestfor
examinationandcopyingtoemployees,toemployeerepresentatives,totheOwner,and
totheAssistantSecretary.
D. Employee medical records required by this paragraph shall be provided upon request
forexaminationandcopyingtothesubjectemployee,toanyonehavingwrittenconsent
ofthesubjectemployee,totheOwner,andtotheSafetyPersonnelinaccordancewith
29CFR1910.1020.
5.16 Transfer of Records
The employer shall comply with the requirements involving transfer of records set forth in 29
CFR1910.1020.
A. Iftheemployerceasestodobusinessandthereisnosuccessoremployertoreceiveand
retain the records for the prescribed period, the employer shall notify the Owner, at
least three months prior to their disposal and transmit them to the Owner, if required
bytheOwnertodoso,withinthatthreemonthperiod.
5.17 Sharps Injury Log.
Theemployershallestablishandmaintainasharpsinjurylogfortherecordingofpercutaneous
injuries from contaminated sharps. The information in the sharps injury log shall be recorded
andmaintainedinsuchmannerastoprotecttheconfidentialityoftheinjuredemployee.
A. Thesharpsinjurylogshallcontain,ataminimum:
59
1. Thetypeandbrandofdeviceinvolvedintheincident,
2. Thedepartmentorworkareawheretheexposureincidentoccurred,and
3. Anexplanationofhowtheincidentoccurred.
4. Therequirementtoestablishandmaintainasharpsinjurylogshallapplytoany
employerwhoisrequiredtomaintainalogofoccupationalinjuriesandillnesses
under29CFR1904.
B. Thesharpsinjurylogshallbemaintainedfortheperiodrequiredby29CFR1904.6.

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5.18 HEPATITIS B VACCINE DECLINATION
EmployeeName
__________________________________________________________________
EmployeesOccupation/AssignedWorkStation
__________________________________________________________________
I understand that due to my occupational exposure to blood or other potentially infectious

materials I may be at risk of acquiring hepatitis B virus infection. I have been given the
opportunity to be vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine, at no charge to myself. However, I
decline hepatitis B vaccination at this time. I understand that by declining this vaccine, I
continue to be at risk of acquiring hepatitis B, a serious disease. If in the future I continue to
haveoccupationalexposuretobloodorotherpotentiallyinfectiousmaterialsandIwanttobe
vaccinatedwithhepatitisBvaccine,Icanreceivethevaccinationseriesatnochargetome.
EmployeeSignature________________________________________
Date____________________________

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6.0 PermitRequired Confined Spaces
TOPPS Well Service, Inc. has adopted this policy for entry and work within permit required
confinedspacesfromthefollowingOSHAregulations:
A. 1910.146PermitRequiredConfinedSpaces
1. This policy has been implemented by TOPPS Well Service, Inc. to ensure that
proper safe work practices and procedures are followed to protect employees
from the hazards associated with confined spaces. The Safety Personnel is
designated as the Program Administrator responsible for managing and
supervising the PermitRequired Confined Spaces Program. The following
practices, procedures, and controls will be enforced as an integral part of our
Companysafetypolicy:
B. The Safety Personnel will ensure that all employees with access to, or duties within,
confined spaces are trained in the understanding, knowledge, and skills necessary for
thesafeperformanceofdutiesassignedinthoseareas.Trainingwillbeprovidedtoeach
affectedemployee:
1. Beforetheemployeeisfirstassignedconfinedspacesjobduties.
2. Beforethereisachangeinassignedduties.
3. Whenever there is a change in permit space operations that present a hazard
aboutwhichanemployeehasnotpreviouslybeentrained.
4. Whenever The Safety Personnel has reason to believe either that there are
deviations from the required permit space entry procedures or that there are
inadequaciesintheemployee'sknowledgeoruseoftheseprocedures.
C. TOPPS Well Service, Inc. will certify that the required training has been accomplished.
Thecertificationwillincludeemployeename,trainersignature/initials,datesoftraining,
andwillbemadeavailabletoemployeesandtheirauthorizedrepresentative.
D. Employees must demonstrate proficiency in the following duties of entry into, or work
within,confinedspacestocompleteandreceivedocumentedcertificationoftraining:
1. Know the hazards that may be faced during entry, including information on the
mode,signsorsymptoms,andconsequencesofexposure.
2. Properlyuseequipmentasrequired.
3. Communicate with the attendant as necessary to enable the attendant to
monitorentrantstatusandtoenabletheattendanttoalertentrantsoftheneed
toevacuatethespaceifrequired.
4. Alert the attendant whenever the entrant recognizes any warning sign or
symptom of exposure to a dangerous situation, or detects a prohibited
condition.
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5. Exit from the permit space as quickly as possible when an order to evacuate is
given by the attendant or the entry supervisor, the entrant recognizes any
warning sign or symptom of exposure to a dangerous situation, the entrant
detectsaprohibitedcondition,oranevacuationalarmisactivated.
E. The Safety Personnel will identify permitrequired confined spaces in our Companys
workplaces.Employeeswillberequiredtoobtainapermittoenterand/orworkinthose
spaces.Priortoentry,TheSafetyPersonnelwillassesstheconditionsandhazards,and
decideifworkerswillenterapermitspace.TheSafetyPersonnel,ortheassignedentry
supervisor, will be responsible for testing and monitoring atmospheric conditions as
required. Procedures will be initiated to eliminate or control the hazards in the space
including,butnotlimitedto,thefollowing:
1. Specifyingacceptableentryconditions.
2. Providingeachauthorizedentrantorthatemployee'sauthorizedrepresentative
withtheopportunitytoobserveanymonitoringortestingofpermitspaces.
3. Isolatingthepermitspace.
4. Purging, inserting, flushing, or ventilating the permit space as necessary to
eliminateorcontrolatmospherichazards.
5. Providing pedestrian, vehicle, or other barriers as necessary to protect entrants
fromexternalhazards,andprohibitunauthorizedentry.
6. Reevaluatingorverifyingthatconditionsinthepermitspaceareacceptablefor
entry throughout the duration of an authorized entry. Employees and their
representativesareentitledtorequestadditionalmonitoringatanytime.
7. Canceling entry permits once the work is completed, or conditions change, so
thatoccupationoftheconfinedspaceisnolongersafe
8. TOPPSWellService,Inc.willprovideandmaintainthefollowingequipmentatno
costtoemployees,andensurethatemployeesusetheequipmentproperly:
9. Testingandmonitoringequipmentrequiredforatmosphericconditions.
10. Ventilatingequipment.
11. Communicationsequipment.
12. Personal protective equipment where engineering controls do not eliminate
hazards,orthreatofhazards.
13. Lightingequipment.
14. Barriersandshieldsasrequired,
15. Equipment, such as ladders, needed for safe ingress and egress by authorized
entrants.
16. Rescue and emergency equipment, except to the extent that the equipment is
providedbyrescueservices.
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17. Any other equipment necessary for safe entry into and rescue from permit
spaces.
F. Anattendantwillbedesignatedforeachareaforthepurposeoftestingandmonitoring
conditions and personnel anytime employees are assigned to confined spaces.
Personnel involved in confined space activities will be designated as attendant, entry
supervisor,orauthorizedentrant,andassignedspecificdutiesrelatingtoconfinedentry
proceduresasfollows:
1. Authorized entrants are those permitted by an employer to enter a permit
space.Entrantshavethefollowingdutiesandresponsibilities:
a. Knowing the permitspace hazards, including the symptoms and
consequencesofexposure.
b. Usingequipmentproperly.
c. Communicatingregularlywiththeattendant.
d. Notifyingtheattendantimmediatelyofhazardousconditions.
e. Leavingthespaceimmediatelyduringahazardousconditionorwhenthe
attendantordersanevacuation.
f. Authorized attendants are those who monitor entrants activities from
outside the space. Attendants have the following duties and
responsibilities:
g. Knowing the permitspace hazards, including the symptoms and
h. Knowinghowmanyentrantsareinpermitspace.
i. Stayingoutofthespaceduringentryoperations.
j. Keepingincontactwithentrants.
k. Orderinganevacuationforahazardouscondition.
l. Keepingunauthorizedpersonsawayfromthespace.
m. Activatingrescueprocedures.
2. The entry supervisor makes sure attendants and entrants follow entrypermit
procedures.Theentrysupervisorisresponsibleforthefollowing:
a. Knowing the permitspace hazards, including the symptoms and
b. Verifyingthattheentrypermitisaccurateandcurrent.
c. Stopping entry operations and canceling the entry permit when permit
spaceworkisdoneorduringahazardouscondition.
d. Ensuringthatresponderswillbeavailableinanemergency.
e. Removinganyunauthorizedpersonwhoentersthespace.
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f. Ensuring that entry operations are consistent if another authorized
personmustreplaceanattendantoranentrant.
G. Prior to beginning any work at a new jobsite, The Safety Personnel, or the entry
supervisor will verify the closest emergency medical and rescue services ability to
respondtoaconfinedspaceemergency.Thenumberfortheverifiedemergencyservice
willbeprominentlypostedonthepermitatthepermitentryportal.Intheeventofan
emergencyrequiringemergencyserviceresponse,theassignedattendantwillnotifythe
entrysupervisor,whoisresponsibleforcontactingemergencyservices.
H. This service will be determined by The Safety Personnel to be qualified to provide
emergencyrescueandmedicalservicesintheeventofaconfinedspaceemergency.The
attendantwillremainonstationtoassistinevacuatingthespaceandpreventtheentry
ofunauthorizedrescuepersonnel.
I. TOPPS Well Service, Inc. will evaluate a prospective Rescue and Emergency Services
ability to respond to a rescue summons in a timely manner, considering the hazard
identified. What will be considered timely will vary according to the specific hazards
involved in each entry. For example, 1910.134, Respiratory Protection, requires that
standby person be provided that are capable of immediate action to rescue employee
wearingrespiratoryprotectionwhileinworkareasdefinedasIDLHatmospheres.
J. The Safety Personnel will evaluate a prospective rescue service's ability, in terms of
proficiency with rescuerelated tasks and equipment, to function appropriately while
rescuingentrantsfromtheparticularpermitspaceortypesofpermitspacesidentified.
K. TheSafetyPersonnelwillselectarescueteamorservicefromthoseevaluatedthat:
1. Hasthecapabilitytoreachthevictimwithinatimeframethatisappropriatefor
thepermitspacehazardidentified.
2. Isequippedforandproficientinperformingtheneededrescueservices.
3. TheSafetyPersonnelwillinformeachrescueteamorserviceofthehazardsthey
mayconfrontwhencalledontoperformrescueatthesite.
4. TheSafetyPersonnelwillprovidetherescueteamorserviceselectedwithaccess
to all permit spaces from which rescue may be necessary so that the rescue
servicecandevelopappropriaterescueplansandpracticerescueoperations.
L. TOPPSWellService,Inc.employeeswhohavebeendesignatedtoprovidepermitspace
rescue and emergency services will be instructed in and adhere to the following
measures:
1. The Safety Personnel will provide affected employees with the personal
protectiveequipment needed to conduct permit space rescues safely and train
affected employees so they are proficient in the use of that PPE, at no cost to
thoseemployees.
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2. The Safety Personnel will train affected employees to perform assigned rescue
duties and ensure that such employees successfully complete the training
requiredtoestablishproficiencyasanauthorizedentrant.
3. The Safety Personnel will train affected employees in basic firstaid and
cardiopulmonaryresuscitationandwillensurethatatleastonememberofthe
rescue team or service holding a current certification in first aid and CPR is
available.
4. TheSafetyPersonnelwillensurethataffectedemployeespracticemakingpermit
space rescues at least once every 12 months, by means of simulated rescue
operationsinwhichtheyremovedummies,manikins,oractualpersonsfromthe
actual permit spaces or from representative permit spaces. Representative
permitspaceswill,withrespecttoopeningsize,configuration,andaccessibility,
simulatethetypesofpermitspacesfromwhichrescueistobeperformed.
M. To facilitate nonentry rescue, retrieval systems or methods will be used whenever an
authorized entrant enters a permit space, unless the retrieval equipment would
increase the overall risk of entry or would not contribute to the rescue of the entrant.
Retrievalsystemswillmeetthefollowingrequirements:
1. Eachauthorizedentrantwilluseachestorfullbodyharness,witharetrievalline
attached at the center of the entrant's back, above the entrant's head, or at
another point which presents a profile small enough for the successful removal
oftheentrant.
2. The other end of the retrieval line will be attached to a mechanical device or
fixed point outside the permit space in such a manner that rescue can begin as
soon as the rescuer becomes aware that rescue is necessary. A mechanical
device will be available to retrieve personnel from vertical type permit spaces
morethan5feetdeep.
3. Ifaninjuredentrantisexposedtoa substanceforwhichaMaterialSafetyData
Sheetorothersimilarwritteninformationisrequiredtobekeptattheworksite,
that MSDS or written information will be made available to the medical facility
treatingtheexposedentrant.
4. IntheeventthatanIDLHentryisdeemednecessary,TheSafetyPersonnelwill
first contact the designated emergency response service, and ensure that
emergency service is available on site before allowing entry into the confined
space.
5. The assigned entry supervisor will be responsible for providing first aid where
necessaryaftercontactingemergencyservices.
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N. No employee will enter a permitrequired confined space without first completing an
entry permit and having the entry supervisor sign the permit. The steps of the entry
permitprocedureincludethefollowing:
1. Obtainanentrypermitpriortoenteringthespace.
2. Accomplish all prepermit activities required for entering the space, including
atmospheric testing, controlling hazards, having required equipment on hand,
andprovidingforemergencyservices.
3. Completeallitemsontheentrypermit.
4. Have the entry supervisor authorize and sign the permit. If any item on the
permitischeckedNO ,thepermitwillnotbesigned.
5. Attachacopyoftheentrypermitoutsidetheentryportaloftheconfinedspace.
Keep it there until the entry operations are completed and the supervisor
cancelsthepermit.
6. Proceedwithentryoperations.
O. Atmospheric monitoring will be performed regularly during confined space operations
to ensure that conditions do not exist, or change, to threaten employees safety.
Ventilation of confined spaces is required before entry, during monitoring, and
throughout theoperation.Monitoringorreevaluationofconditionsmayberequested
at any time during the operation by any employee, or their representative, who
suspectsthatchangeshaveoccurredwhichmightpresentahazardtopersonnel.
P. Allproposedentrants,attendants,andentrysupervisorswillparticipateinthereviewof
theinitialatmosphericmonitoring,andthecompletionandreviewoftheentrypermit.
Q. Procedures for coordinating entry operations for multiple employers working
simultaneously as authorized entrants in a permit space, so that employees of one
employerdonotendangertheemployeesofanyotheremployerincludethefollowing:
1. WhenTOPPSWellService,Inc.makesarrangementstohaveanothercontractor
performworkthatinvolvespermitspaceentry,TOPPSWellService,Inc.will:
a. Informthecontractorthattheworkplacecontainspermitspacesandthat
permit space entry is allowed only through compliance with TOPPS Well
Service,Inc.spermitspaceprogram.
b. Apprise the contractor of the elements, including the hazards identified
and TOPPS Well Service, Inc.s experience with the space, that make the
spaceinquestionapermitspace.
c. ApprisethecontractorofanyprecautionsorproceduresthatTOPPSWell
Service,Inc.hasimplementedfortheprotectionofemployeesinornear
permitspaceswherecontractorpersonnelwillbeworking.
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d. Coordinate entry operations with the contractor, when our Companys
personnel and the contractors personnel will be working in or near
permitspaces.
e. Debrief the contractor at the conclusion of the entry operations
regarding any hazards confronted or created in permit spaces during
entryoperations.
2. In addition to complying with the permit space requirements that apply to our
Company, each contractor who is retained to perform permit space entry
operationswill:
a. Obtain any available information regarding permit space hazards and
entryoperationsfromourCompanysentrysupervisor.
b. Coordinate entry operations with the entry supervisor, when both our
Companys personnel and the contractors personnel will be working in
ornearpermitspaces.
c. Inform our Companys entry supervisor of any hazards confronted or
created in permit spaces, either during the entry operation or through a
debriefing.
d. Ifmorethanoneconfinedspaceistobemonitoredbyasingleattendant,
the means and procedures that will be used in order to enable the
attendant to respond to emergencies in one or more permit spaces that
he/sheismonitoringworkinclude:
e. Continuously maintains an accurate count of authorized entrants in the
permit spaces and ensures that the means used to identify authorized
entrantsaccuratelyidentifieswhoisinthepermitspace.
f. Remainsoutsidethepermitspacesduringentryoperationsuntilrelieved
byanotherattendant.
g. Communicateswithauthorizedentrantsasnecessarytomonitorentrant
statusandtoalertentrantsoftheneedtoevacuatethespace.
R. Monitorsactivitiesinsideandoutsidethespacestodetermineifitissafeforentrantsto
remain in the space and orders the authorized entrants to evacuate the permit spaces
immediatelyunderanyofthefollowingconditionsiftheattendant:
1. Detectsaprohibitedcondition.
2. Detectsthebehavioraleffectsofhazardexposureinanauthorizedentrant.
3. Detects a situation outside the spaces that could endanger the authorized
entrants.
4. Cannoteffectivelyandsafelyperformallthedutiesrequired.
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5. Summon rescue and other emergency services as soon as the attendant
determinesthatauthorizedentrantsmayneedassistancetoescapefrompermit
spacehazards.
6. Performs no duties that might interfere with the attendant's primary duty to
monitorandprotecttheauthorizedentrants.
S. Multiple confined space entry operations will be under the direct control of the entry
supervisor,whowillbeavailableonsite.Theentrysupervisor:
1. Verifies that rescue services are available and that the means for summoning
themareoperable.
2. Verifies,bycheckingthattheappropriateentrieshavebeenmadeonthepermit,
that all tests specified by the permit have been conducted, and that all
proceduresandequipmentspecifiedbythepermitareinplacebeforeendorsing
thepermitandallowingentrytobegin.
3. Knowsthehazardsthatmaybefacedduringentry,includinginformationonthe
mode,signsorsymptoms,andconsequencesoftheexposure.
4. Determines, whenever responsibility for a permit space entry operation is
transferred, and at intervals dictated by the hazards and operations performed
within the space, that entry operations remain consistent with terms of the
permitandthatacceptableentryconditionsaremaintained.
5. Removes unauthorized individuals who enter or who attempt to enter the
permitspaceduringentryoperations.
6. Terminatestheentryandcancelsthepermitasrequired.
T. TheSafetyPersonnel,ortheentrysupervisorwillhavetheauthoritytocancelanentry
permit upon completion of the assigned task, upon finding unsuitable conditions or
preparation,orifunsuitableconditionsdevelop.Theentrysupervisorwillensurethatall
personnel have exited the space, that equipment, tools, and materials have been
removed, and that no condition which might create a hazard has been left unresolved.
The entry supervisor will then mark the permit cancelled, sign the space provided for
cancellation, and present the cancelled permit to The Safety Personnel for filing in
records.
U. The PermitRequired Confined Space Program will be reviewed in the event of an
accident/injury, near miss, if employee protection is deemed inadequate, any
unauthorizedentry,employeecomplaints,oratleastannuallyusingthecancelledentry
permitsasreference.Revisionswillbemadetotheprogramasnecessarytoensurethe
safetyofouremployees.

69
6.1 Employee Confined Space Certification
TOPPS Well Service, Inc. certifies that the following employee has been trained in the
understanding, knowledge, and skills necessary for the safe performance of duties assigned in
permitrequiredconfinedspaces.
EmployeeName:_______________________________________________
Has demonstrated proficiency in the following duties of entry into, or work within confined
spacestocompleteandreceivedocumentedcertificationoftraining:
Knowledgeofthehazardsthatmaybefacedduringentry,includinginformationonthe
mode,signsorsymptoms,andconsequencesofexposure.
Properuseofthefollowingequipmentasrequired.
Testingandmonitoringequipmentrequiredforatmosphericconditions.
Ventilatingequipment
Communicationsequipment
PersonalprotectiveequipmentLightingequipment
Barriersandshieldsasrequired
Equipment,suchasladders,neededforsafeingressandegressbyauthorizedentrants;
Rescueandemergencyequipment
Anyotherequipmentnecessaryforsafeentryintoandrescuefrompermitspaces.
Communication with the attendant as necessary to enable the attendant to monitor
entrantstatusandtoenabletheattendanttoalertentrantsoftheneedtoevacuatethe
spaceifrequired.
Alertingtheattendantwhenevertheentrantrecognizesanywarningsignorsymptomof
exposuretoadangeroussituation,ordetectsaprohibitedcondition.
Exitfromthepermitspaceasquicklyaspossiblewhenanordertoevacuateisgivenby
the attendant or the entry supervisor, the entrant recognizes any warning sign or
symptom of exposure to a dangerous situation, the entrant detects a prohibited
condition,oranevacuationalarmisactivated.
_____________________________________________________________________
EmployeeTrainedByDateofTraining
_____________________________________________________________________
SignatureofTrainerDate
_____________________________________________________________________
EmployeeSignatureDate
Cc:Employeefile,Programfile
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6.2 Confined Space Entry Form
EntrySupervisor:________________________________________________________
PermitNumber:____________________________
Date:____________________________
LocationandDescriptionofConfinedSpaces:
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
PurposeofEntry:
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Scheduleda.m.
Start____________________________________p.m
DayDateTime____________________________
Scheduleda.m.
Finish____________________________________p.m
DayDateTime____________________________
DesignatedEmergencyMedicalServiceforthisjob:____________________________
Name:____________________________Phone:____________________________
EmployeeInChargeofEntry:____________________________
Attendants:____________________________
Entrants:____________________________
Entrants:____________________________

71
SAFETYPRECAUTIONS/EQUIPMENTTOBEUSED
Remarks/Comments
ENVIRONMENTALCONDITIONS
SignatureofEmployeeconductingsafetychecks:
Remarks/Commentsontheoverallconditionoftheconfinedspace:
ReceivedandreviewedbyProgramAdministrator:
Date:_____________Signature:_____________________________________________

72
PreEntryAuthorization
Note:Ifwelding/cuttingoperationsaretobeperformed,attachHotWorkform
OxygenDeficientAtmosphere
OxygenEnrichedAtmosphere
Welding/Cutting
Engulfment
ToxicAtmosphere
FlammableAtmosphere
EnergizedElectricalEquipment
Entrapment
HazardousChemical
SelfContainedBreathingApparatus
AirLineRespirator
FireRetardantClothing
Ventilation
ProtectiveGloves
TeststobeTakenDate/Time
Oxygen ________%_________am/pm
LowerExplosiveLimit ________%_________am/pm
ToxicAtmosphere________________________________
InstrumentsUsed________________________________
SignsPosted
ClearanceSecured
Lighting
GroundFaultInterrupter
Lifelines
Respirators
Lockout/Tagout
FireExtinguishers
BarricadeJobArea
ENTRYAUTHORIZATIONAllactionsand/orconditionsforsafeentryhavebeenperformed.
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EntrySupervisorName:
Signature:
TimeDate:
ENTRYCANCELLATIONEntryhasbeencompletedandallentrantshaveexitedpermitspace.
ReTestingDate/Time
Oxygen___________________%_________am/pm
LowerExplosiveLimit________%_________am/pm
ToxicAtmosphere________________________________
InstrumentsUsed________________________________
EntrySupervisorName:
Signature:
TimeDate:

74
6.3 PERMITREQUIRED CONFINED SPACES.
1910.146PERMITREQUIREDCONFINEDSPACES
A. Scopeandapplication.Thissectioncontainsrequirementsforpracticesandprocedures
toprotectemployeesingeneralindustryfromthehazardsofentryintopermitrequired
confined spaces. This section does not apply to agriculture, to construction, or to
shipyardemployment.
B. General requirements. The employer shall evaluate the workplace to determine if any
spaces are permitrequired confined spaces. Note: Proper application of the decision
flow chart in Appendix A to 1910.146 would facilitate compliance with this
requirement.
C. Iftheworkplacecontainspermitspaces,theemployershallinformexposedemployees,
by posting danger signs or by any other equally effective means, of the existence and
locationofandthedangerposedbythepermitspaces.
D. Note:AsignreadingDANGERPERMITREQUIREDCONFINEDSPACE,DONOTENTER
orusingothersimilarlanguagewouldsatisfytherequirementforasign.
E. If the employer decides that its employees will not enter permit spaces, the employer
shalltakeeffectivemeasurestopreventitsemployeesfromenteringthepermitspaces
andshallcomplywithparagraphsofthissection.
F. Iftheemployerdecidesthatitsemployeeswillenterpermitspaces,theemployershall
developandimplementawrittenpermitspaceprogramthatcomplieswiththissection.
Thewrittenprogramshallbeavailableforinspectionbyemployeesandtheirauthorized
representatives.
G. An employer may use the alternate procedures specified in paragraphs of this section
forenteringapermitspaceundertheconditionssetforth.
H. Anyconditionsmakingitunsafetoremoveanentrancecovershallbeeliminatedbefore
thecoverisremoved.
I. Whenentrancecoversareremoved,theopeningshallbepromptlyguardedbyarailing,
temporarycover,orothertemporarybarrierthatwillpreventanaccidentalfallthrough
the opening and that will protect each employee working in the space from foreign
objectsenteringthespace.
J. Before an employee enters the space, the internal atmosphere shall be tested, with a
calibrated directreading instrument, for oxygen content, for flammable gases and
vapors, and for potential toxic air contaminants, in that order. Any employee, who
enters the space, or that employees authorized representative, shall be provided an
opportunitytoobservethepreentrytestingrequiredbythisparagraph.
K. There may be no hazardous atmosphere within the space whenever any employee is
insidethespace.
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L. Continuousforcedairventilationshallbeused,asfollows:
1. An employee may not enter the space until the forced air ventilation has
eliminatedanyhazardousatmosphere;
2. Theforcedairventilationshallbesodirectedastoventilatetheimmediateareas
whereanemployeeisorwillbepresentwithinthespaceandshallcontinueuntil
allemployeeshaveleftthespace;
3. Theairsupplyfortheforcedairventilationshallbefromacleansourceandmay
notincreasethehazardsinthespace.
4. The atmosphere within the space shall be periodically tested as necessary to
ensurethatthecontinuousforcedairventilationispreventingtheaccumulation
of a hazardous atmosphere. Any employee, who enters the space, or that
employees authorized representative, shall be provided with an opportunity to
observetheperiodictestingrequiredbythisparagraph.
M. Ifahazardousatmosphereisdetectedduringentry:
1. Eachemployeeshallleavethespaceimmediately;
2. The space shall be evaluated to determine how the hazardous atmosphere
developed;
3. Measures shall be implemented to protect employees from the hazardous
atmospherebeforeanysubsequententrytakesplace.
N. The employer shall verify that the space is safe for entry and that the preentry
measures required by paragraphs of this section have been taken, through a written
certification that contains the date, the location of the space, and the signature of the
personprovidingthecertification.Thecertificationshallbemadebeforeentryandshall
be made available to each employee entering the space or to that employees
authorizedrepresentative.
O. Whentherearechangesintheuseorconfigurationofanonpermitconfinedspacethat
mightincreasethehazardstoentrants,theemployershallreevaluatethatspaceand,if
necessary,reclassifyitasapermitrequiredconfinedspace.
P. A space classified by the employer as a permitrequired confined space may be
reclassifiedasanonpermitconfinedspaceunderthefollowingprocedures:
Q. If the permit space poses no actual or potential atmospheric hazards and if all hazards
withinthespaceareeliminatedwithoutentryintothespace,thepermitspacemaybe
reclassifiedasanonpermitconfinedspaceforaslongasthenonatmospherichazards
remaineliminated.
R. If it is necessary to enter the permit space to eliminate hazards, such entry shall be
performedunderparagraphsofthissectionabove.Iftestingandinspectionduringthat
entrydemonstratethatthehazardswithinthepermitspacehavebeeneliminated,the
76
permit space may be reclassified as a nonpermit confined space for as long as the
hazardsremaineliminated.
Note:Controlofatmospherichazardsthroughforcedairventilationdoesnotconstitute
eliminationofthehazards.
S. The employer shall document the basis for determining that all hazards in a permit
spacehavebeeneliminated,throughacertificationthatcontainsthedate,thelocation
of the space, and the signature of the person making the determination. The
certification shall be made available to each employee entering the space or to that
employeesauthorizedrepresentative.
T. If hazards arise within a permit space that has been declassified to a nonpermit space
underotherparagraphsofthissection,eachemployeeinthespaceshallexitthespace.
The employer shall then reevaluate the space and determine whether it must be
reclassified as a permit space, in accordance with other applicable provisions of this
section.
U. When an employer arranges to have employees of another employer perform work
thatinvolvespermitspaceentry,thehostemployershall:
V. Informthecontractorthattheworkplacecontainspermitspacesandthatpermitspace
entry is allowed only through compliance with a permit space program meeting the
requirementsofthissection;
W. Apprise the contractor of the elements, including the hazards identified and the host
employer'sexperiencewiththespace,thatmakethespaceinquestionapermitspace;
X. Apprise the contractor of any precautions or procedures that the host employer has
implemented for the protection of employees in or near permit spaces where
contractorpersonnelwillbeworking;
Y. Coordinate entry operations with the contractor, when both host employer personnel
andcontractorpersonnelwillbeworkinginornearpermitspaces,asrequired
Z. Debrief the contractor at the conclusion of the entry operations regarding the permit
space program followed and regarding any hazards confronted or created in permit
spacesduringentryoperations.
AA. In addition to complying with the permit space requirements that apply to all
employers, each contractor who is retained to perform permit space entry operations
shall:
BB. Obtain any available information regarding permit space hazards and entry operations
fromthehostemployer;
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CC. Coordinate entry operations with the host employer, when both host employer
personnel and contractor personnel will be working in or near permit spaces, as
required
DD. Inform the host employer of the permit space program that the contractor will follow
andofanyhazardsconfrontedorcreatedinpermitspaces,eitherthroughadebriefing
orduringtheentryoperation.
EE. Permitrequiredconfinedspaceprogram.Underthepermitspaceprogramrequiredby
otherparagraphsofthissection,theemployershall:
FF. Implementthemeasuresnecessarytopreventunauthorizedentry;
GG. Identify and evaluate the hazards of permit spaces before employees enter
them;
HH.Developandimplementthemeans,procedures,andpracticesnecessaryforsafepermit
spaceentryoperations,including,butnotlimitedto,thefollowing:
II. Specifyingacceptableentryconditions;
JJ. Providing each authorized entrant or that employee's authorized representative with
theopportunitytoobserveanymonitoringortestingofpermitspaces;
KK. Isolatingthepermitspace;
LL. Purging, inerting, flushing, or ventilating the permit space as necessary to eliminate or
controlatmospherichazards;
MM. Providing pedestrian, vehicle, or other barriers as necessary to protect entrants
fromexternalhazards;
NN. Verifyingthatconditionsinthepermitspaceareacceptableforentrythroughout
thedurationofanauthorizedentry.
OO. Provide the following equipment at no cost to employees, maintain that
equipmentproperly,andensurethatemployeesusethatequipmentproperly:
PP. Testingandmonitoringequipmentneeded
QQ. Ventilatingequipmentneededtoobtainacceptableentryconditions;
RR. Communicationsequipmentnecessaryforcompliance
SS. Personal protective equipment insofar as feasible engineering and work practice
controlsdonotadequatelyprotectemployees;
TT. Lightingequipmentneededtoenableemployeestoseewellenoughtoworksafelyand
toexitthespacequicklyinanemergency;
UU. Barriersandshieldsasrequired
VV. Equipment,suchasladders,neededforsafeingressandegressbyauthorizedentrants
WW. Rescue and emergency equipment needed to comply except to the extent that
theequipmentisprovidedbyrescueservices
XX. Anyotherequipmentnecessaryforsafeentryintoandrescuefrompermitspaces.
YY. Evaluatepermitspaceconditionsasfollowswhenentryoperationsareconducted:
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ZZ. Test conditions in the permit space to determine if acceptable entry conditions exist
before entry is authorized to begin, except that, if isolation of the space is infeasible
because the spaceis large or is part of a continuous system , preentry testing shall be
performed to the extent feasible before entry is authorized and, if entry is authorized,
entry conditions shall be continuously monitored in the areas where authorized
entrantsareworking;
AAA. Test or monitor the permit space as necessary to determine if acceptable entry
conditionsarebeingmaintainedduringthecourseofentryoperations;
BBB. Whentestingforatmospherichazards,testfirstforoxygen,thenforcombustible
gasesandvapors,andthenfortoxicgasesandvapors.
CCC. Provide each authorized entrant or that employee's authorized representative
an opportunity to observe the preentry and any subsequent testing or monitoring of
permitspaces;
DDD. Reevaluate the permit space in the presence of any authorized entrant or that
employee's authorized representative who requests that the employer conduct such
reevaluation because the entrant or representative has reason to believe that the
evaluationofthatspacemaynothavebeenadequate;
EEE. Immediately provide each authorized entrant or that employee's authorized
representative with the results of any testing conducted in accord with paragraphs of
thissection.
FFF. Note: Atmospheric testing conducted in accordance with Appendix B to
1910.146 would be considered as satisfying the requirements of this paragraph. For
permit space operations in sewers, atmospheric testing conducted in accordance with
Appendix B, as supplemented by Appendix E to 1910.146, would be considered as
satisfyingtherequirementsofthisparagraph.
GGG. Provide at least one attendant outside the permit space into which entry is
authorized for the duration of entry operations; Note: Attendants may be assigned to
monitor more than one permit space provided the duties described in this section can
be effectively performed for each permit spacethat is monitored. Likewise, attendants
may be stationed at any location outside the permit space to be monitored as long as
the duties described in this section can beeffectively performed foreach permit space
thatismonitored.
HHH. If multiple spaces are to be monitored by a single attendant, include in the
permit program the means and procedures to enable the attendant to respond to an
emergency affecting one or more of the permit spaces being monitored without
distractionfromtheattendant'sresponsibilities;
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III. Designate the persons who are to have active roles in entry operations, identify the
duties of each such employee, and provide each such employee with the training
required
JJJ. Developandimplementproceduresforsummoningrescueandemergencyservices,for
rescuing entrants from permit spaces, for providing necessary emergency services to
rescued employees, and for preventing unauthorized personnel from attempting a
rescue;
KKK. Develop and implement a system for the preparation, issuance, use, and
cancellationofentrypermitsasrequiredbythissection;
LLL. Develop and implement procedures to coordinate entry operations when
employees of more than one employer are working simultaneously as authorized
entrants in a permit space, so that employees of one employer do not endanger the
employeesofanyotheremployer;
MMM. Develop and implement procedures necessary for concluding the entry after
entryoperationshavebeencompleted;
NNN. Review entry operations when the employer has reason to believe that the
measurestakenunderthepermitspaceprogrammaynotprotectemployeesandrevise
the program to correct deficiencies found to exist before subsequent entries are
authorized; and Note: Examples of circumstances requiring the review of the permit
spaceprogramare:anyunauthorizedentryofapermitspace,thedetectionofapermit
spacehazardnotcoveredbythepermit,thedetectionofaconditionprohibitedbythe
permit, the occurrence of an injury or nearmiss during entry, a change in the use or
configuration of a permit space, and employee complaints about the effectiveness of
theprogram.
OOO. Reviewthepermitspaceprogram,usingthecanceledpermitsretainedwithin1
year after each entry and revise the program as necessary, to ensure that employees
participatinginentryoperationsareprotectedfrompermitspacehazards.
PPP. Note: Employers may perform a single annual review covering all entries
performed during a 12month period. If no entry is performed during a 12month
period, no review is necessary. Appendix C to 1910.146 presents examples of permit
spaceprogramsthatareconsideredtocomplywiththerequirements..
6.4 Permit system.
A. Before entry is authorized, the employer shall document the completion of measures
requiredbyparagraphsinthissectionbypreparinganentrypermit.
Note: Appendix D to 1910.146 presents examples of permits whose elements are
consideredtocomplywiththerequirementsofthissection.
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B. Before entry begins, the entry supervisor identified on the permit shall sign the entry
permittoauthorizeentry.
C. The completed permit shall be made available at the time of entry to all authorized
entrants or their authorized representatives, byposting it at the entry portal or by any
other equally effective means, so that the entrants can confirm that preentry
preparationshavebeencompleted.
D. Thedurationofthepermitmaynotexceedthetimerequiredtocompletetheassigned
taskorjobidentifiedonthepermitinaccordancewithparagraphsofthissection.
E. Theentrysupervisorshallterminateentryandcanceltheentrypermitwhen:
1. Theentryoperationscoveredbytheentrypermithavebeencompleted;
2. A condition that is not allowed under the entry permit arises in or near the
permitspace.
F. Theemployershallretaineachcanceledentrypermitforatleast1yeartofacilitatethe
review of the permitrequired confined space program required. Any problems
encountered during an entry operation shall be noted on the pertinent permit so that
appropriaterevisionstothepermitspaceprogramcanbemade.
6.5 Entry permits.
Theentrypermitthatdocumentscompliancewiththissectionandauthorizesentrytoapermit
spaceshallidentify:
A. Thepermitspacetobeentered;
B. Thepurposeoftheentry;
C. Thedateandtheauthorizeddurationoftheentrypermit;
D. The authorized entrants within the permit space, by name or by such other means as
will enable the attendant to determine quickly and accurately, for the duration of the
permit, which authorized entrants are inside the permit space; Note: This requirement
maybemetbyinsertingareferenceontheentrypermitastothemeansused,suchasa
roster or tracking system, to keep track of the authorized entrants within the permit
space.
E. Thepersonnel,byname,currentlyservingasattendants;
F. The individual, by name, currently serving as entry supervisor, with a space for the
signatureorinitialsoftheentrysupervisorwhooriginallyauthorizedentry;
G. Thehazardsofthepermitspacetobeentered;
H. Themeasuresusedtoisolatethepermitspaceandtoeliminateorcontrolpermitspace
hazardsbeforeentry;
I. Note: Those measures can include the lockout or tagging of equipment and procedures
forpurging,inerting,ventilating,andflushingpermitspaces.
J. Theacceptableentryconditions;
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K. The results of initial and periodic tests performed under paragraph of this section,
accompanied by the names or initials of the testers and by an indication of when the
testswereperformed;
L. The rescue and emergency services that can be summoned and the means for
summoningthoseservices;
M. Thecommunicationproceduresusedbyauthorizedentrantsandattendantstomaintain
contactduringtheentry;
N. Equipment,suchaspersonalprotectiveequipment,testingequipment,communications
equipment, alarm systems, and rescue equipment, to be provided for compliance with
thissection;
O. Any other information whose inclusion is necessary, given the circumstances of the
particularconfinedspace,inordertoensureemployeesafety;
P. Anyadditionalpermits,suchasforhotwork,thathavebeenissuedtoauthorizeworkin
thepermitspace.
6.6 Training.
The employer shall provide training so that all employees whose work is regulated by this
sectionacquiretheunderstanding,knowledge,andskillsnecessaryforthesafeperformanceof
thedutiesassignedunderthissection.
A. Trainingshallbeprovidedtoeachaffectedemployee:
1. Beforetheemployeeisfirstassigneddutiesunderthissection;
2. Beforethereisachangeinassignedduties;
3. Whenever there is a change in permit space operations that presents a hazard
about which an employee has not previously been trained; Whenever the
employerhasreasontobelieveeitherthattherearedeviationsfromthepermit
spaceentryproceduresrequiredinthissectionorthatthereareinadequaciesin
theemployee'sknowledgeoruseoftheseprocedures.
4. The training shall establish employee proficiency in the duties required by this
section and shall introduce new or revised procedures, as necessary, for
compliancewiththissection.
B. The employer shall certify that the training required in these sections has been
accomplished. The certification shall contain each employee's name, the signatures or
initials of the trainers, and the dates of training. The certification shall be available for
inspectionbyemployeesandtheirauthorizedrepresentatives.
6.7 Duties of authorized entrants.
A. Theemployershallensurethatallauthorizedentrants:
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1. Know the hazards that may be faced during entry, including information on the
mode,signsorsymptoms,andconsequencesoftheexposure;
2. Properlyuseequipmentasrequired
3. Communicate with the attendant as necessary to enable the attendant to
monitorentrantstatusandtoenabletheattendanttoalertentrantsoftheneed
toevacuatethespaceasrequired
B. Alerttheattendantwhenever:
1. Theentrantrecognizesanywarningsignorsymptomofexposuretoadangerous
situation,
2. Theentrantdetectsaprohibitedcondition;
C. Exitfromthepermitspaceasquicklyaspossiblewhenever:
1. Anordertoevacuateisgivenbytheattendantortheentrysupervisor,
2. Theentrantrecognizesanywarningsignorsymptomofexposuretoadangerous
situation,
3. Theentrantdetectsaprohibitedcondition,
4. Anevacuationalarmisactivated.
6.8 Duties of attendants.
Theemployershallensurethateachattendant:
A. Knowsthehazardsthatmaybefacedduringentry,includinginformationonthemode,
signsorsymptoms,andconsequencesoftheexposure;
B. Isawareofpossiblebehavioraleffectsofhazardexposureinauthorizedentrants;
C. Continuously maintains an accurate count of authorized entrants in the permit space
and ensures that the means used to identify authorized entrants under this section
accuratelyidentifieswhoisinthepermitspace;
D. Remains outside the permit space during entry operations until relieved by another
attendant;Note:Whentheemployer'spermitentryprogramallowsattendantentryfor
rescue, attendants may enter a permit space to attempt a rescue if they have been
trainedandequippedforrescueoperationsasrequiredbythissectionandiftheyhave
beenrelievedasrequired.
E. Communicates with authorized entrants as necessary to monitor entrant status and to
alertentrantsoftheneedtoevacuatethespace;
F. Monitorsactivitiesinsideandoutsidethespacetodetermineifitissafeforentrantsto
remain in the space and orders the authorized entrants to evacuate the permit space
immediatelyunderanyofthefollowingconditions:
1. Iftheattendantdetectsaprohibitedcondition;
2. If the attendant detects the behavioral effects of hazard exposure in an
authorizedentrant;
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3. If the attendant detects a situation outside the space that could endanger the
authorizedentrants;
4. Iftheattendantcannoteffectivelyandsafelyperformallthedutiesrequired
G. Summonrescueandotheremergencyservicesassoonastheattendantdeterminesthat
authorizedentrantsmayneedassistancetoescapefrompermitspacehazards;
H. Takes the following actions when unauthorized persons approach or enter a permit
spacewhileentryisunderway:
1. Warntheunauthorizedpersonsthattheymuststayawayfromthepermitspace;
2. Advise the unauthorized persons that they must exit immediately if they have
enteredthepermitspace;
3. Informtheauthorizedentrantsandtheentrysupervisorifunauthorizedpersons
haveenteredthepermitspace;
I. Performsnonentryrescuesasspecifiedbytheemployer'srescueprocedure;
J. Performs no duties that might interfere with the attendant's primary duty to monitor
andprotecttheauthorizedentrants.
6.9 Duties of entry supervisors.
Theemployershallensurethateachentrysupervisor:
1. Knowsthehazardsthatmaybefacedduringentry,includinginformationonthemode,
signsorsymptoms,andconsequencesoftheexposure;
2. Verifies, by checking that the appropriate entries have been made on the permit, that
all tests specified by the permit have been conducted and that all procedures and
equipment specified by the permit are in place before endorsing the permit and
allowingentrytobegin;
3. Terminatestheentryandcancelsthepermitasrequired
4. Verifiesthatrescueservicesareavailableandthatthemeansforsummoningthemare
operable;
5. Removesunauthorizedindividualswhoenterorwhoattempttoenterthepermitspace
duringentryoperations;
6. Determines, whenever responsibility for a permit space entry operation is transferred
and at intervals dictated by the hazards and operations performed within the space,
which entry operations remain consistent with terms of the entry permit and that
acceptableentryconditionsaremaintained.
6.7 Rescue and emergency services.
An employer who designates rescue and emergency services, pursuant to paragraph of this
section,shall:
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1. Evaluate a prospective rescuer's ability to respond to a rescue summons in a timely
manner,consideringthehazardidentified;
a. Note What will be considered timely will vary according to the specific hazards
involved in each entry. For example, 1910.134, Respiratory Protection, requires
thatemployersprovideastandbypersonorpersonscapableofimmediateactionto
rescue employee wearing respiratory protection while in work areas defined as
IDLHatmospheres.
2. Evaluate a prospective rescue service's ability, in terms of proficiency with rescue
related tasks and equipment, to function appropriately while rescuing entrants from
theparticularpermitspaceortypesofpermitspacesidentified;
3. Selectarescueteamorservicefromthoseevaluatedthat:
a. Hasthecapabilitytoreachthevictimwithinatimeframethatisappropriateforthe
permitspacehazardidentified;
b. Isequippedforandproficientinperformingtheneededrescueservices;
4. Informeachrescueteamorserviceofthehazardstheymayconfrontwhencalledonto
performrescueatthesite;
5. Providetherescueteamorserviceselectedwithaccesstoallpermitspacesfromwhich
rescue may be necessary so that the rescue service can develop appropriate rescue
plansandpracticerescueoperations.
a. Note Nonmandatory Appendix F contains examples of criteria which employers
canuseinevaluatingprospectiverescuersasrequiredofthissection.
b. An employer whose employees have been designated to provide permit space
rescueandemergencyservicesshalltakethefollowingmeasures:
6. Provide affected employees with the personal protective equipment needed to
conductpermitspacerescuessafelyandtrainaffectedemployeessotheyareproficient
intheuseofthatPPE,atnocosttothoseemployees;
7. Trainaffectedemployeestoperformassignedrescueduties.Theemployermustensure
that such employees successfully complete the training required to establish
proficiencyasanauthorizedentrant
8. Train affected employees in basic firstaid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation . The
employershallensurethatatleastonememberoftherescueteamorserviceholdinga
currentcertificationinfirstaidandCPRisavailable;
9. Ensure that affected employees practice making permit space rescues at least once
every 12 months, by means of simulated rescue operations in which they remove
dummies, manikins, or actual persons from the actual permit spaces or from
representative permit spaces. Representative permit spaces shall, with respect to
openingsize,configuration,andaccessibility,simulatethetypesofpermitspacesfrom
whichrescueistobeperformed.
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To facilitate nonentry rescue, retrieval systems or methods shall be used whenever an
authorized entrant enters a permit space, unless the retrieval equipment would increase the
overall risk of entry or would not contribute to the rescue of the entrant. Retrieval systems
shallmeetthefollowingrequirements.
Eachauthorizedentrantshalluseachestorfullbodyharness,witharetrievallineattachedat
the center of the entrant's back near shoulder level, above the entrant's head , or at another
point which the employer can establish presents a profile small enough for the successful
removal of the entrant. Wristlets may be used in lieu of the chest or full body harness if the
employercandemonstratethattheuseofachestorfullbodyharnessisinfeasibleorcreatesa
greaterhazardandthattheuseofwristletsisthesafestandmosteffectivealternative.
The other end of the retrieval line shall be attached to a mechanical device or fixed point
outside the permit space in such a manner that rescue can begin as soon as the rescuer
becomes aware that rescue is necessary. A mechanical device shall be available to retrieve
personnelfromverticaltypepermitspacesmorethan5feetdeep.
IfaninjuredentrantisexposedtoasubstanceforwhichaMaterialSafetyDataSheetorother
similar written information is required to be kept at the worksite, that MSDS or written
informationshallbemadeavailabletothemedicalfacilitytreatingtheexposedentrant.
6.8 Employee participation.
Employers shall consult with affected employees and their authorized representatives on the
developmentandimplementationofallaspectsofthepermitspaceprogramrequired
Employers shall make available to affected employees and their authorized representatives all
informationrequiredtobedevelopedbythissection.

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7.0 Disciplinary Procedures & Methods
7.1 Enforcement of Safety Policies
The compliance of all employees with TOPPS Well Service, Inc. Environmental, Health and
Safety Program is mandatory and shall be considered a condition of employment. All safety
rules, procedures, and plans in effect are to be followed as specified in the safety program.
EmployeesfoundtobeinviolationofCompanysafetypolicymaybesubjecttopenalty.
TheSafetyPersonnelisthesupervisorfordisciplinaryactionsandanyemployeeinapositionof
management or supervisory capacity may initiate disciplinary action against any employee
found to be in violation of Company policy. Not following verbal or written safetyprocedures,
guidelines, rules, horse play, failure to wear selected PPE, abuse of selected PPE, and etc.
constitutesasafetyviolation.
The following outlines the disciplinary measures which will be taken against employees found
tobeinviolation:
Periodicsafetyinspections ofthe workplaceandequipmentwillbeundertakentoensurethat
all personnel, including supervisory positions, are demonstrating the required commitment to
safety. A general neglect of safe work procedures, practices, and requirements in the
workplace,orneglectofequipmentsafety,willbeviewedasalackofsupervisoryenforcement
of safety policy and the appropriate supervisor/management personnel will be subject to the
samedisciplinaryproceduresdescribedbelow.
Thefollowingprogramswillbeutilizedtoensureemployeecompliancewiththesafetyprogram
andallsafetyrules:
Trainingprograms
Retraining
Optionalsafetyincentiveprograms
Disciplinaryaction
7.2 Training Programs
Theimportanceofsafeworkpracticesandtheconsequencesoffailingtoabidebysafetyrules
will be covered in the New Employee Safety Orientation and at Tailgate/Toolbox Safety
Training. This will help ensure that all employees understand and abide by The Company's
safetypolicies.
7.3 Retraining
Employees that are observed performing unsafe acts or not following proper procedures or
rules will be retrained by their foreman or supervisor. A Safety Contact Report may be
87
completed by the supervisor to document the training. If multiple employees are involved,
additionalsafetymeetingswillbeheld.
7.4 Safety Incentive Programs
Although strict adherence to safety policies and procedures is required of all employees, The
Company may choose to periodically provide recognition of safetyconscious employees and
jobsiteswithoutaccidentsthroughasafetyincentiveprogram.
7.5 Disciplinary Action
The failure of an employee to adhere to safety policies and procedures established by TOPPS
WellService,Inc.canhaveaseriousimpactoneveryoneconcerned.Anunsafeactcanthreaten
not only the health and wellbeing of the employee committing the unsafe act but can also
affect the safety of his/her coworkers and/or customers. Accordingly, any employee who
violatesanyofTheCompany'ssafetypolicieswillbesubjecttodisciplinaryaction.
When a Safety Violaon Noce is issued, appropriate supervisory personnel will meet with
employee to discuss the infraction and inform individual of the rule or procedure that was
violatedandthecorrectiveactiontobetaken.
Note: Failure to promptly report any onthejob accident or injury, on the same day as
occurrence, is considered a serious violation of The Companys Code of Safe Practices. Any
employee who fails to immediately report a workrelated accident or injury, no matter how
minorshallbesubjecttodisciplinaryaction.
Employeeswill be disciplined for infractions ofsafetyrulesand unsafework practices thatare
observed, not just those that result in an injury. Often, when an injury occurs, the accident
investigation will reveal that the injury was caused because the employee violated an
establishedsafetyruleand/orsafeworkpractice.
In any disciplinary action, the foreman should be cautious that discipline is given to the
employeeforsafetyviolations,andnotsimplybecausetheemployeewasinjuredonthejobor
filedaWorkersCompensationclaim.
ViolationsofsafetyrulesandtheCodeofSafePracticesaretobeconsideredequaltoviolations
ofotherCompanypolicy.Disciplineforsafetyviolationswillbeadministeredinamannerthatis
consistent with The Companys system of progressive discipline. If, after training, violations
occur,disciplinaryactionwillbetakenasfollows:
1. Oral warning. Documented, including date and facts on the Safety Warning Report
form.Addanypertinentwitnessstatements.Restatethepolicyandcorrectpractice.
2. Writtenwarning.Retrainastocorrectprocedure/practice.
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3. Writtenwarningwithsuspension.
4. Termination.
As in all disciplinary actions, each situation is to be carefully evaluated and investigated. The
particular step taken in the disciplinary process will depend on the severity of the violation,
employeehistory,andregardtosafety.Foremenandsuperintendentsshouldconsultwiththe
office if there is any question about whether or not disciplinary action is justified. Employees
may be terminated immediately for willful or extremely serious violations. Union employees
areentitledtothegrievanceprocessspecifiedbytheircontract.
Note:Consistencyintheenforcementofsafetyrulesshallbeexercisedatalltimes.

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____________________________________________________________________________
EmployeesName Position
____________________________
DateofWarning/Violation ViolationTime______am______pm
_______________________________________
SupervisorName
TypeofWarning Verbal Wrien Serious Other:______________

TypeofViolation UnsafeAct ImproperSafetyAre Unsafecondion
Other__________________
SupervisorsStatement
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
EmployeesStatement
IagreewiththeSupervisorsstatement
IdisagreewiththeSupervisorsstatementbecause:
Listallpreviouswarningsandretrainingbelow
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Whenwarnedandbywhom__________________________________________________
Ihavereadandunderstandthiswarningdecision
FirstWarning
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
90
________________________________________ ______________
EmployeesSignature Date
_______________________
Dateretrained
_______________________________________ ______________
SupervisorsSignature Date
SecondWarning
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
CopyDistribution
Employee
EmployeesSupervisor
PersonnelDepartment
SafetyAnnualSafetyMeeting
ThirdWarning
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Dateretrained_________________
TheSupervisormustcompletethisformimmediatelyaftertheemployeehasbeeninterviewed.
Adecisionmustbemadeonthefollowingtoensureviolatorswillnotparticipateinthecurrent
safetyincentiveprogram.
Nofurtheracon Suspension Other:____________________
Suspensionfromcurrentsafetyincenveprogram Dismissal
SubmitthisformforreviewatthenextSafetyAnnualSafetyMeeting
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8.0 Electrical Hazards
8.1 Qualified and NonQualified Personnel
ThispolicyforthepreventionofemployeeexposuretoelectricalhazardsisadoptedbyTOPPS
WellService,Inc.inaccordancewiththefollowingOSHAregulations:
1910.332Training1910.333SelectionandUseofWorkPractices
NFPA70EStandardsforElectricalSafetyintheWorkplace
TOPPSWellService,Inc.hasimplementedthispolicytoensurethatnoemployeeisexposedto
electrical hazards in the workplace. The Safety Personnel is the supervisor responsible for
ensuring the following policy for controls, training, personal protective equipment, and safe
workpracticesareenforced:
Only qualified personnel are authorized to perform work, service, or maintenance on
electricalpartsorsystemsatTOPPSWellService,Inc..
Nonqualified personnel are prohibited by Company Policy from working on or near
exposed energized electrical circuits or systems. If a work task requires unqualified
personnel, any exposed electrical systems will be deenergized and lockout/tagout
procedures adhered to, per Company Policy, before unqualified personnel are allowed
accesstotheworkareas.Nonqualifiedpersonnelwillbetrainedintherecognitionand
avoidanceofelectricalhazardsintheworkarea.
TheSafetyPersonnelwillensurethatallemployeesexposedtoworkinvolvingelectrical
systems or energized parts will be trained in and familiar with the safetyrelated work
practicesrequiredbyOSHAregulationandNFPA70Ethatpertaintotheirrespectivejob
assignments.
TheSafetyPersonnelwillensurethatallemployeesexposedtoworkinvolvingelectrical
systemswillbetrainedin,andfamiliarwith,thefollowing:
TherequirementsofNFPA70EStandardsforElectricalSafetyintheWorkplace
Theskillsandtechniquesnecessarytodistinguishexposedlivepartsfromotherpartsof
electricequipment.
The skills and techniques necessary to determine the nominal voltage of exposed live
parts.
The clearance distances specified in 1910.333 and the corresponding voltages to
whichthequalifiedpersonwillbeexposed.
Safetyrelated work practices will be employed to prevent electric shock or other
injuries resulting from either direct or indirect electrical contacts, when work is
performednearoronequipmentorcircuitswhichareormaybeenergized.Thespecific
92
safetyrelated work practices will be consistent with the nature and extent of the
associatedelectricalhazards.
Live parts to which an employee may be exposed will be deenergized before the
employeeworksonornearthem
If the exposed live parts are not deenergized for reasons of increased or additional
hazards,othersafetyrelatedworkpracticessuchasinsulatingshieldingwillbeusedto
protectemployeeswhomaybeexposedtotheelectricalhazardsinvolved
Live electrical parts or systems which an employee may be exposed to will be de
energized prior to beginning work on the system. Systems will be assured of being de
energizedbyproperlockoutproceduresfollowingcompanypolicy.
Any work to be performed on energized parts will require the use of appropriate
personalprotectiveequipment,insulatingandshieldingmaterials,andinsulatedtools.
If work is to be performed near overhead lines, the lines will be deenergized and
grounded, or other protective measures such as insulating shielding will be provided
beforeworkisstarted.
Vehicles or equipment working near overhead lines will be required to maintain a safe
workingdistanceofatleast10feet.Ifthevoltageishigherthan50kV,theclearancewill
beincreased4inchesforevery10kVoverthatvoltage.
Employees may not enter spaces containing exposed energized parts or work on
energized parts unless illumination is provided that enables the employee to perform
the work safely. Employees may not reach blindly into areas which may contain
energizedparts.
When an employee works in a confined or enclosed space that contains exposed
energized parts, TOPPS Well Service, Inc. will provide, and the employee will use,
protective shields, protective barriers, or insulating materials as necessary to avoid
inadvertentcontactwiththeseparts.Doors,hingedpanels,andthelikewillbesecured
to prevent their swinging into an employee and causing the employee to contact
exposedenergizedparts.
Allworkerswillmaintainthesafeapproachdistancesasstatedin1910.333TableS5.
Conductivematerialsandequipmentthatareincontactwithanypartofanemployee's
body will be handled in a manner to prevent them from contacting exposed energized
conductors or circuit parts, or will be shielded to prevent conduction of electrical
energy. Conductive articles of jewelry and clothing may not be worn if they might
contactexposedenergizedpartswhileperformingwork.
If conductive materials will be handled in the vicinity of energized electrical parts, the
hazardouspartswillbeshieldedorotherwiseinsulatedtopreventaccidentalcontactby
theemployeeormaterialsbeinghandled.
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Portableladderswillhavenonconductivesiderailsiftheyareusedwheretheemployee
ortheladdercouldcontactexposedenergizedparts.Theemployeewillensurethatthe
placementofanyladderwillallowasafeworkingdistancefromanyenergizedpartsor
equipment.
8.2 Training
The training required will be of the classroom or onthejob type. The degree of training
providedwillbedeterminedbytherisktotheemployeebasedupontheNFPA70EStandards
forElectricalSafetyintheWorkplace.
The training requirements apply to employees who face a risk of electric shock that is
notreducedtoasafelevelbytheelectricalinstallationrequirements.
Other employees who also may reasonably be expected to face comparable risk of
injuryduetoelectricshockorotherelectricalhazardswillalsobetrained.
Employeeswillbetrainedinandfamiliarwiththesafetyrelatedworkpracticesrequired
thatpertaintotheirrespectivejobassignments.
Employees who are not qualified persons will also be trained in and familiar with any
electrically related safety practices not specifically addressed by regulations but which
arenecessaryfortheirsafety.
Qualifiedpersonswill,ataminimum,betrainedinandfamiliarwiththefollowing:
Theskillsandtechniquesnecessarytodistinguishexposedlivepartsfromotherpartsof
electricequipment.
The skills and techniques necessary to determine the nominal voltage of exposed live
parts.
Thespecifiedclearancedistancesandthecorrespondingvoltagestowhichthequalified
personwillbeexposed.
Qualifiedpersonswhoseworkonenergizedequipmentinvolveseitherdirectcontactor
contactbymeansoftoolsormaterialswillalsohavetherequiredtraining.
8.3 Safe Work Practices
Safe work practices willbe employed to prevent electric shock or other injuries resulting from
either direct or indirect electrical contacts, when work is performed near or on equipment or
circuitswhichareormaybeenergized.Thespecificsafeworkpracticeswillbeconsistentwith
thenatureandextentoftheassociatedelectricalhazards.
Live parts to which an employee may be exposed will be deenergized before the employee
works on or near them, unless The Safety Personnel can demonstrate that deenergizing
introduces additional or increased hazards or is infeasible due to equipment design or
operational limitations. Live parts that operate at less than 50 volts to ground need not be
94
deenergized if there will be no increased exposure to electrical burns or to explosion due to
electricarcs.
If the exposed live parts are not deenergized for reasons of increased or additionalhazards or
infeasibility,othersafeworkpracticeswillbeusedtoprotectemployeeswhomaybeexposed
to the electrical hazards involved. Such work practices will protect employees against contact
withenergizedcircuitpartsdirectlywithanypartoftheirbodyorindirectlythroughsomeother
conductive object. The work practices that are used will be suitable for the conditions under
whichtheworkistobeperformedandforthevoltageleveloftheexposedelectricconductors
orcircuitparts.
8.4 Deenergized Electrical Equipment
Conductors and parts of electric equipment that have been deenergized but have not been
lockedoutortaggedwillbetreatedasenergizedparts.Thisappliestoworkonornearthem.
While any employee is exposed to contact with parts of fixed electric equipment or circuits
which havebeen deenergized, the circuits energizing the parts will be locked out or tagged or
both.
8.5 LockoutTagout Procedures
The Safety Personnel will maintain a written copy of these procedures and will make them
availableforinspectionbyemployeesandOSHA.
Deenergizingequipment.
Safe procedures for deenergizing circuits and equipment will be determined before circuits or
equipmentaredeenergized.
The circuits and equipment to be worked on will be disconnected from all electric energy
sources. Control circuit devices, such as push buttons, selector switches, and interlocks, may
not be used as the sole means for deenergizing circuits or equipment. Interlocks for electric
equipmentmaynotbeusedasasubstituteforlockoutandtaggingprocedures.
Stored electric energy which might endanger personnel will be released. Capacitors will be
discharged and high capacitance elements will be shortcircuited and grounded, if the stored
electricenergymightendangerpersonnel.
Stored nonelectrical energy in devices that could reenergize electric circuit parts will be
blocked or relieved to the extent that the circuit parts could not be accidentally energized by
thedevice.
Applicationoflocksandtagsincludes
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Alockandatagwillbeplacedoneachdisconnectingmeansusedtodeenergizecircuits
and equipment on which work is to be performed. The lock will be attached so as to
prevent persons from operating the disconnecting means unless they resort to undue
forceortheuseoftools.
Each tag will contain a statement prohibiting unauthorized operation of the
disconnectingmeansandremovalofthetag.
If a lock cannot be applied, or if The Safety Personnel can demonstrate that tagging
procedureswillprovidealevelofsafetyequivalenttothatobtainedbytheuseofalock,
atagmaybeusedwithoutalock.
A tag used without a lock will be supplemented by at least one additional safety
measure that provides a level of safety equivalent to that obtained by use of a lock.
Examples of additional safety measures include the removal of an isolating circuit
element,blockingofacontrollingswitch,oropeningofanextradisconnectingdevice.
Alockmaybeplacedwithoutatagonlyunderthefollowingconditions:
1. Onlyonecircuitorpieceofequipmentisdeenergized.
2. Thelockoutperioddoesnotextendbeyondtheworkshift.
3. Employeesexposedtothehazardsassociatedwithreenergizingthecircuitorequipment
arefamiliarwiththisprocedure.
Verification of deenergized condition requirements will be met before any circuits or
equipmentcanbeconsideredandworkedasdeenergized.
A qualified person will operate the equipment operating controls or otherwise verify that the
equipmentcannotberestarted.
A qualified person will use test equipment to test the circuit elements and electrical parts of
equipment to which employees will be exposed and will verify that the circuit elements and
equipmentpartsaredeenergized.Thetestwillalsodetermineifanyenergizedconditionexists
asaresultofinadvertentlyinducedvoltageorunrelatedvoltagebackfeedeventhoughspecific
partsofthecircuithavebeendeenergizedandpresumedtobesafe.Ifthecircuittobetestedis
over600volts,nominal,thetestequipmentwillbecheckedforproperoperationimmediately
afterthistest.
Reenergizing equipment requirements will be met before circuits or equipment are
reenergized,eventemporarily.
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A qualified person will conduct tests and visual inspections to verify that all tools, electrical
jumpers, shorts, grounds, or other devices have been removed, so that the circuits and
equipmentcanbesafelyenergized.
Employeesexposedtothehazardsassociatedwithreenergizingthecircuitorequipmentwillbe
warnedtostayclearofcircuitsandequipment.
Each lock and tag will be removed by the employee who applied it or under his or her direct
supervision.However,ifthisemployeeisabsentfromtheworkplace,thenthelockortagmay
beremovedbyaqualifiedpersondesignatedtoperformthistaskprovidedthat:
1. The Safety Personnel ensures that the employee who applied the lock or tag is not
availableattheworkplace.
2. TheSafetyPersonnelensuresthattheemployeeisawarethatthelockortaghasbeen
removedbeforeheorsheresumesworkatthatworkplace.
Therewillbeavisualdeterminationthatallemployeesareclearofthecircuitsandequipment.
8.6 Energized Electrical Equipment
Only qualified personnel may work on electric circuit parts or equipment that have not been
deenergizedunderthepreviouslystatedprocedures.Suchpersonnelwillbecapableofworking
safely on energized circuits and will be familiar with the proper use of special precautionary
techniques, personal protective equipment, insulating and shielding materials, and insulated
tools.
If work is to be performed under or near overhead lines, the lines will be deenergized and
grounded,orotherprotectivemeasureswillbeprovidedbeforeworkisstarted.Ifthelinesare
tobedeenergized,arrangementswillbemadewiththepersonororganizationthatoperatesor
controls the electric circuits involved to deenergize and ground them. If protective measures,
such as guarding, isolating, or insulating, are provided, these precautions will prevent
employeesfromcontactingsuchlinesdirectlywithanypartoftheirbodyorindirectlythrough
conductivematerials,tools,orequipment.
Whenanunqualifiedpersonisworkinginanelevatedpositionnearoverheadlines,thelocation
will be such that the person and the longest conductive object he or she may contact cannot
comeclosertoanyunguarded,energizedoverheadlinethanthefollowingdistances:
Forvoltagestoground50kVorbelow10feet.
Forvoltagestogroundover50kV10feetplus4inchesforevery10kVover50kV.
When an unqualified person is working on the ground in the vicinity of overhead lines, the
personmaynotbringanyconductiveobjectclosertounguarded,energizedoverheadlinesthan
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the distances given above. For voltages normally encountered with overhead power line,
objects which do not have an insulating rating for the voltage involved are considered to be
conductive.
When a qualified person is working in the vicinity of overhead lines, whether in an elevated
positionorontheground,thepersonmaynotapproachortakeanyconductiveobjectwithout
an approved insulating handle closer to exposed energized parts than shown in Table S5
unless:
Thepersonisinsulatedfromtheenergizedpart.
The energized part is insulated both from all other conductive objects at a different potential
andfromtheperson.
The person is insulated from all conductive objects at a potential different from that of the
energizedpart.
8.7 Voltage range
Minimum approach distance 300V and less Avoid ContactOver 300V, not over 750V 1 ft. 0 in.
Over750V,notover2kV1ft.6in.Over2kV,notover15kV2ft.0in.Over15kV,notover37kV
3 ft. 0 in. Over 37kV, not over 87.5kV 3 ft. 6 in. Over 87.5kV, not over 121kV 4 ft. 0 in. Over
121kV,notover140kV4ft.6in.
Any vehicle or mechanical equipment capable of having parts of its structure elevated near
energized overhead lines will be operated so that a clearance of 10 ft. is maintained. If the
voltage is higher than 50kV, the clearance will be increased 4 in. for every 10kV over that
voltage.However,underanyofthefollowingconditions,theclearancemaybereduced:
Ifthevehicleisintransitwithitsstructurelowered,theclearancemaybereducedto4ft.Ifthe
voltage is higher than 50kV, the clearance will be increased 4 in. for every 10 kV over that
voltage.
Ifinsulatingbarriersareinstalledtopreventcontactwiththelines,andifthebarriersarerated
forthevoltageofthelinebeingguardedandarenotapartoforanattachmenttothevehicle
oritsraisedstructure,theclearancemaybereducedtoadistancewithinthedesignedworking
dimensionsoftheinsulatingbarrier.
Iftheequipmentisanaerialliftinsulatedforthevoltageinvolved,andiftheworkisperformed
byaqualifiedperson,theclearancemaybereducedtothedistancegiveninTableS5.
Employeesstandingonthegroundwillnotcontactthevehicleormechanicalequipmentorany
ofitsattachments,unless:
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Theemployeeisusingprotectiveequipmentratedforthevoltage.
Theequipmentislocatedsothatnouninsulatedpartofitsstructurecancomecloserto
thelinethanpermittedbelow.
Ifanyvehicleormechanicalequipmentcapableofhavingpartsofitsstructureelevated
near energized overhead lines is intentionally grounded, employees working on the
groundnearthepointofgroundingmaynotstandatthegroundinglocationwhenever
thereisapossibilityofoverheadlinecontact.
Additional precautions, such as the use of barricades or insulation, will be taken to
protect employees from hazardous ground potentials, depending on earth resistivity
and fault currents, which can develop within the first few feet or more outward from
thegroundingpoint.
8.8 Illumination
Employees may not enter spaces containing exposed energized parts, unless illumination is
providedthatenablestheemployeestoperformtheworksafely.
Where lack of illumination or an obstruction precludes observation of the work to be
performed,employeesmaynotperformtasksnearexposedenergizedparts.
Employeesmaynotreachblindlyintoareaswhichmaycontainenergizedparts.
8.9 Confined Spaces
When an employee works in a confined or enclosed space that contains exposed energized
parts, TOPPS Well Service, Inc. will provide, and the employee will use, protective shields,
protectivebarriers,orinsulatingmaterialsasnecessarytoavoidinadvertentcontactwiththese
parts.
Doors, hinged panels, and the like will be secured to prevent their swinging into an employee
andcausingtheemployeetocontactexposedenergizedparts.
8.10 Conductive Materials and Equipment
Conductive materials and equipment that are in contact with any part of an employee's body
will be handled in a manner that will prevent them from contacting exposed energized
conductorsorcircuitparts.
If an employee will handle long dimensional conductive objects in areas with exposed live
parts,TheSafetyPersonnelwillinstituteworkpracticeswhichwillminimizethehazard.
Portable Ladders
Portableladderswillhavenonconductivesiderailsiftheyareusedwheretheemployeeorthe
laddercouldcontactexposedenergizedparts.
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Conductive Apparel
Conductive articles of jewelry and clothing may not be worn if they might contact exposed
energized parts. However, such articles may be worn if they are rendered nonconductive by
covering,wrapping,orotherinsulatingmeans.
Housekeeping
Where live parts present an electrical contact hazard, employees may not perform
housekeeping duties at such close distances to the parts that there is a possibility of contact,
unlessadequatesafeguardsareprovided.
Electrically conductive cleaning materials may not be used in proximity to energized parts
unlessproceduresarefollowedwhichwillpreventelectricalcontact.
Interlocks
Only a qualified person following the requirements of this section may defeat an electrical
safety interlock, and then only temporarily while he or she is working on the equipment. The
interlocksystemwillbereturnedtoitsoperableconditionwhenthisworkiscompleted.
8.11 TRAINING.
1910.332:Thetrainingrequirementscontainedinthissectionapplytoemployeeswhofacea
risk of electric shock that is not reduced to a safe level by the electrical installation
requirementsof1910.303through1910.308.
Note: Employees in occupations listed in Table S4 face such a risk and are required to be
trained. Other employees who also may reasonably be expected to face a comparable risk of
injuryduetoelectricshockorotherelectricalhazardsmustalsobetrained.
Content of training. Practices addressed in this standard. Employees shall be trained in and
familiar with the safetyrelated work practices required by 1910.331 through 1910.335 that
pertaintotheirrespectivejobassignments.
Additional requirements for unqualified persons. Employees who are covered by this section
but who are not qualified persons shall also be trained in and familiar with any electrically
related safety practices not specifically addressed by 1910.331 through 1910.335 but which
arenecessaryfortheirsafety.
Additional requirements for qualified persons. Qualified persons shall, at a minimum, be
trainedinandfamiliarwiththefollowing:
Theskillsandtechniquesnecessarytodistinguishexposedlivepartsfromotherpartsofelectric
equipment.
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Theskillsandtechniquesnecessarytodeterminethenominalvoltageofexposedliveparts.
The clearance distances specified in 1910.333 and the corresponding voltages to which the
qualifiedpersonwillbeexposed.
Note 1: For the purposes of 1910.331 through 1910.335, a person must have the training
requiredbyparagraphofthissectioninordertobeconsideredaqualifiedperson.
Note2:Qualifiedpersonswhoseworkonenergizedequipmentinvolveseitherdirectcontactor
contactbymeansoftoolsormaterialsmustalsohavethetrainingneededtomeet1910.333.
Typeoftraining.
Thetrainingrequiredbythissectionshallbeoftheclassroomoronthejobtype.Thedegreeof
trainingprovidedshallbedeterminedbytherisktotheemployee.
8.12 SELECTION AND USE OF WORK PRACTICES.
1910.333 General. Safetyrelated work practices shall be employed to prevent electric shock
or other injuries resulting from either direct or indirect electrical contacts, when work is
performednearoronequipmentorcircuitswhichareormaybeenergized.Thespecificsafety
related work practices shall be consistent with the nature and extent of the associated
electricalhazards.
Deenergized parts. Live parts to which an employee may be exposed shall be deenergized
before the employee works on or near them, unless the employer can demonstrate that
deenergizing introduces additional or increased hazards or is infeasible due to equipment
design or operational limitations. Live parts that operate at less than 50 volts to ground need
notbedeenergizediftherewillbenoincreasedexposuretoelectricalburnsortoexplosiondue
toelectricarcs.
Note 1: Examples of increased or additional hazards include interruption of life support
equipment, deactivation of emergency alarm systems, shutdown of hazardous location
ventilationequipment,orremovalofilluminationforanarea.
Note2:Examplesofworkthatmaybeperformedonornearenergizedcircuitpartsbecauseof
infeasibilityduetoequipmentdesignoroperationallimitationsincludetestingorelectriccircuits
thatcanonlybeperformedwiththecircuitenergizedandworkoncircuitsthatformanintegral
part of a continuous industrial process in a chemical plant that would otherwise need to be
completelyshutdowninordertopermitworkononecircuitorpieceofequipment.
Note3:Workonorneardeenergizedpartsiscoveredbyaboveparagraphsofthissection.
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Energized parts. If the exposed live parts are not deenergized , other safetyrelated work
practices shall be used to protect employees who may be exposed to the electrical hazards
involved. Such work practices shall protect employees against contact with energized circuit
parts directly with any part of their body or indirectly through some other conductive object.
Theworkpracticesthatareusedshallbesuitablefortheconditionsunderwhichtheworkisto
be performed and for the voltage level of the exposed electric conductors or circuit parts.
Specificworkpracticerequirementsaredetailed.
8.13 Working on or near exposed deenergized parts.
Application. This paragraph applies to work on exposed deenergized parts or near enough to
them to expose the employee to any electrical hazard they present. Conductors and parts of
electric equipment that have been deenergized but have not been locked out or tagged in
accordance with paragraphs of this section shall be treated as energized parts, and applies to
workonornearthem.
Lockout and tagging. While any employee is exposed to contact with parts of fixed electric
equipment or circuits which have been deenergized, the circuits energizing the parts shall be
locked out or tagged or both in accordance with the requirements of this paragraph. The
requirementsshallbefollowedintheorderinwhichtheyarepresented
Note 1: As used in this section, fixed equipment refers to equipment fastened in place or
connectedbypermanentwiringmethods.
Note 2: Lockout and tagging procedures that comply with paragraphs through of 1910.147
willalsobedeemedtocomplywithparagraphsofthissectionprovidedthat:
1. TheproceduresaddresstheelectricalsafetyhazardscoveredbythisSubpart;
2. Theproceduresalsoincorporatetherequirementsofparagraphsofthissection.
Procedures. The employer shall maintain a written copy of the procedures outlined and shall
makeitavailableforinspectionbyemployeesandauthorizedrepresentatives.
Note:Thewrittenproceduresmaybeintheformofacopyofparagraphsofthissection.
Deenergizing equipment. Safe procedures for deenergizing circuits and equipment shall be
determinedbeforecircuitsorequipmentaredeenergized.
The circuits and equipment to be worked on shall be disconnected from all electric energy
sources. Control circuit devices, such as push buttons, selector switches, and interlocks, may
not be used as the sole means for deenergizing circuits or equipment. Interlocks for electric
equipmentmaynotbeusedasasubstituteforlockoutandtaggingprocedures.
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Stored electric energy which might endanger personnel shall be released. Capacitors shall be
discharged and high capacitance elements shall be shortcircuited and grounded, if the stored
electricenergymightendangerpersonnel.Note:Ifthecapacitorsorassociatedequipmentare
handledinmeetingthisrequirement,theyshallbetreatedasenergized.
Stored nonelectrical energy in devices that could reenergize electric circuit parts shall be
blocked or relieved to the extent that the circuit parts could not be accidentally energized by
thedevice.
Application of locks and tags. A lock and a tag shall be placed on each disconnecting means
used to deenergize circuits and equipment on which work is to be performed, except as
provided exceptions of this section. The lock shall be attached so as to prevent persons from
operatingthedisconnectingmeansunlesstheyresorttoundueforceortheuseoftools.
Each tag shall contain a statement prohibiting unauthorized operation of the disconnecting
meansandremovalofthetag.
If a lock cannot be applied, or if the employer can demonstrate that tagging procedures will
provide a level of safety equivalent to that obtained by the use of a lock, a tag may be used
withoutalock.
Atagusedwithoutalock,aspermitted,shallbesupplementedbyatleastoneadditionalsafety
measure that provides a level of safety equivalent to that obtained by the use of a lock.
Examples of additional safety measures include the removal of an isolating circuit element,
blockingofacontrollingswitch,oropeningofanextradisconnectingdevice.
Alockmaybeplacedwithoutatagonlyunderthefollowingconditions:
1. Onlyonecircuitorpieceofequipmentisdeenergized,
2. Thelockoutperioddoesnotextendbeyondtheworkshift
3. Employeesexposedtothehazardsassociatedwithreenergizingthecircuitorequipment
arefamiliarwiththisprocedure.
Verificationofdeenergizedcondition.Therequirementsofthisparagraphshallbemetbefore
anycircuitsorequipmentcanbeconsideredandworkedasdeenergized.
A qualified person shall operate the equipment operating controls or otherwise verify
thattheequipmentcannotberestarted.
A qualified person shall use test equipment to test the circuit elements and electrical
partsofequipmenttowhichemployeeswillbeexposedandshallverifythatthecircuit
elementsandequipmentpartsaredeenergized.
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The test shall also determine if any energized condition exists as a result of
inadvertentlyinducedvoltageorunrelatedvoltagebackfeedeventhoughspecificparts
ofthecircuithavebeendeenergizedandpresumedtobesafe.Ifthecircuittobetested
is over 600 volts, nominal, the test equipment shall be checked for proper operation
immediatelybeforeandimmediatelyafterthistest.
Reenergizing equipment. These requirements shall be met, in the order given, before circuits
orequipmentisreenergized,eventemporarily.
A qualified person shall conduct tests and visual inspections, as necessary, to verify that all
tools, electrical jumpers, shorts, grounds, and other such devices have been removed, so that
thecircuitsandequipmentcanbesafelyenergized.
Employees exposed to the hazards associated with reenergizing the circuit or equipment shall
bewarnedtostayclearofcircuitsandequipment.
Each lock and tag shall be removed by the employee who applied it or under his or her direct
supervision.However,ifthisemployeeisabsentfromtheworkplace,thenthelockortagmay
beremovedbyaqualifiedpersondesignatedtoperformthistaskprovidedthat:
The employer ensures that the employee who applied the lock or tag is not available at the
workplace,andtheemployerensuresthattheemployeeisawarethatthelockortaghasbeen
removedbeforeheorsheresumesworkatthatworkplace.
Thereshallbeavisualdeterminationthatallemployeesareclearofthecircuitsandequipment.
8.13 Working on or near exposed energized parts.
Application.Thisparagraphappliestoworkperformedonexposedlivepartsornearenoughto
themforemployeestobeexposedtoanyhazardtheypresent.
Work on energized equipment. Only qualified persons may work on electric circuit parts or
equipmentthathavenotbeendeenergizedundertheproceduresofparagraphofthissection.
Suchpersonsshallbecapableofworkingsafelyonenergizedcircuitsandshallbefamiliarwith
the proper use of special precautionary techniques, personal protective equipment, insulating
andshieldingmaterials,andinsulatedtools.
Overheadlines.Ifworkistobeperformednearoverheadlines,thelinesshallbedeenergized
and grounded, or other protective measures shall be provided before work is started. If the
lines are to be deenergized, arrangements shall be made with the person or organization that
operatesorcontrolstheelectriccircuitsinvolvedtodeenergizeandgroundthem.Ifprotective
measures such as guarding, isolating, or insulating, are provided, these precautions shall
preventemployeesfromcontactingsuchlinesdirectlywithanypartoftheirbodyorindirectly
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throughconductivematerials,tools,orequipment.Note:Theworkpracticesusedbyqualified
persons installing insulating devices on overhead power transmission or distribution lines are
coveredby1910.269ofthisPart,notby1910.332through1910.335ofthisPart.
Unqualifiedpersonsareprohibitedfromperformingthistypeofwork.
Unqualified persons. When an unqualified person is working in an elevated position near
overheadlines,thelocationshallbesuchthatthepersonandthelongestconductiveobjecthe
or she may contact cannot come closer to any unguarded, energized overhead line than the
followingdistances:
Forvoltagestoground50kVorbelow10feet;
Forvoltagestogroundover50kV10feetplus4inchesforevery10kVover50kV.
When an unqualified person is working on the ground in the vicinity of overhead lines, the
personmaynotbringanyconductiveobjectclosertounguarded,energizedoverheadlinesthan
the distances given in this section. Note: For voltages normally encountered with overhead
power lines, objects which do not have an insulating rating for the voltage involved are
consideredtobeconductive.
Qualifiedpersons.Whenaqualifiedpersonisworkinginthevicinityofoverheadlines,whether
inanelevatedpositionorontheground,thepersonmaynotapproachortakeanyconductive
objectwithoutanapprovedinsulatinghandleclosertoexposedenergizedpartsthanshownin
TableS5unless:
1. Thepersonisinsulatedfromtheenergizedpart,
2. The energized part is insulated both from all other conductive objects at a different
potentialandfromtheperson,
3. Thepersonisinsulatedfromallconductiveobjectsatapotentialdifferentfromthatof
theenergizedpart.
Vehicularandmechanicalequipment.Anyvehicleormechanicalequipmentcapableofhaving
parts of its structure elevated near energized overhead lines shall be operated so that a
clearance of 10 feet is maintained. If the voltage is higher than 50 kV, the clearance shall be
increased 4 inches for every 10 kV over that voltage. However, under any of the following
conditions,theclearancemaybereduced:
Ifthevehicleisintransitwithitsstructurelowered,theclearancemaybereducedto4
feet . If the voltage is higher than 50 kV, the clearance shall be increased 4 inches for
every10kVoverthatvoltage.
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If insulating barriers are installed to prevent contact with the lines, and if the barriers
are rated for the voltage of the line being guarded and are not a part of or an
attachment to the vehicle or its raised structure, the clearance may be reduced to a
distancewithinthedesignedworkingdimensionsoftheinsulatingbarrier.
If the equipment is an aerial lift insulated for the voltage involved, and if the work is
performedbyaqualifiedperson,theclearancemaybereducedtothedistancegivenin
TableS5.
Employees standing on the ground may not contact the vehicle or mechanical equipment or
anyofitsattachments,unless:
1. Theemployeeisusingprotectiveequipmentratedforthevoltage;
2. Theequipmentislocatedsothatnouninsulatedpartofitsstructurecancomecloserto
thelinethanpermitted
If any vehicle or mechanical equipment capable of having parts of its structure elevated near
energizedoverheadlinesisintentionallygrounded,employeesworkingonthegroundnearthe
point of grounding may not stand at the grounding location whenever there is a possibility of
overheadlinecontact.Additionalprecautions,suchastheuseofbarricadesorinsulation,shall
be taken to protect employees from hazardous ground potentials, depending on earth
resistivityandfaultcurrents,whichcandevelopwithinthefirstfewfeetormoreoutwardfrom
thegroundingpoint.
Illumination. Employees may not enter spaces containing exposed energized parts, unless
illuminationisprovidedthatenablestheemployeestoperformtheworksafely.
Where lack of illumination or an obstruction precludes observation of the work to be
performed, employees may not perform tasks near exposed energized parts. Employees may
notreachblindlyintoareaswhichmaycontainenergizedparts.
Confinedorenclosedworkspaces.Whenanemployeeworksinaconfinedorenclosedspace
thatcontainsexposedenergizedparts,theemployershallprovide,andtheemployeeshalluse,
protectiveshields,protectivebarriers,orinsulatingmaterialsasnecessarytoavoidinadvertent
contact with these parts. Doors, hinged panels, and the like shall be secured to prevent their
swingingintoanemployeeandcausingtheemployeetocontactexposedenergizedparts.
Conductivematerialsandequipment.Conductivematerialsandequipmentthatareincontact
withanypartofanemployee'sbodyshallbehandledinamannerthatwillpreventthemfrom
contacting exposed energized conductors or circuit parts. If an employee must handle long
dimensional conductive objects in areas with exposed live parts, the employer shall institute
workpracticeswhichwillminimizethehazard.
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Portable ladders. Portable ladders shall have nonconductive siderails if they are used where
theemployeeortheladdercouldcontactexposedenergizedparts.
Conductiveapparel.Conductivearticlesofjewelryandclothingmaynotbeworniftheymight
contact exposed energized parts. However, such articles may be worn if they are rendered
nonconductivebycovering,wrapping,orotherinsulatingmeans.
Housekeeping duties. Where live parts present an electrical contact hazard, employees may
notperformhousekeepingdutiesassuchclosedistancestothepartsthatthereisapossibility
ofcontact,unlessadequatesafeguardsareprovided.Electricallyconductivecleaningmaterials
may not be used in proximity to energized parts unless procedures are followed which will
preventelectricalcontact.
Interlocks. Only a qualified person following the requirements of this section may defeat an
electrical safety interlock, and then only temporarily while he or she is working on the
equipment. The interlock system shall be returned to its operablecondition when this work is
completed.

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9.0 Emergency Action Plans
TOPPS Well Service, Inc. has implemented the following policy for the protection of our
employees against emergency situations in the workplace from OSHA regulation 1910.38
EmergencyActionPlans.
TOPPS Well Service, Inc. has designated The Safety Personnel as the administrator/supervisor
forEmergencyActionPlans.
TOPPS Well Service, Inc. will have an Emergency Action Plan whenever an OSHA standard
requiresone.EmergencyActionPlanswillbeinwriting,postedintheworkplace,andavailable
toemployeesforreview.Thenamesandjobtitlesofeverypersoninthechainofcommandwill
beposted.
The Safety Personnel will ensure that all employees are informed and trained in the following
minimumelementsforEmergencyActionPlans:
Proceduresforreportingafireorotheremergency.
Proceduresforemergencyevacuationforallareasofwork,includingtypeofevacuation
andexitrouteassignments.
Safeassemblyareasdesignatedforallworkareasintheeventofevacuation.
Procedures to be followed by employees who remain to operate critical plant
operationsbeforetheyevacuate.
Procedurestoaccountforallemployeesafterevacuation.
Procedurestobefollowedbyemployeesperformingrescueormedicalduties.
Themembersinthechainofcommandwhomaybecontactedbyemployeeswhoneed
moreinformationaboutthePlanorforanexplanationoftheirdutiesunderthePlan.
TOPPS Well Service, Inc. will designate and train employees to assist in a safe and orderly
evacuationofotheremployees.
TheSafetyPersonnelwillreviewtheEmergencyActionPlanwitheachemployeecoveredbythe
plan:
WheneachPlanisdevelopedoranemployeeisinitiallyassignedtoajob.
Whentheemployee'sresponsibilitiesunderthePlanchange.
WhenanyelementofthePlanischanged.
All fire extinguishers will be inspected by The Safety Personnel on a monthly basis; this
inspection will be recorded and documented with the required annual maintenance check.
Recordsofinspectionwillbekeptonfileintheoffice.
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TheSafetyPersonnelwillensurethatallemployeesaretrainedintheproperoperation
ofalltypesoffireextinguishersprovidedbythecompany.
Fire Protection/Prevention training will be required on initial hiring and annually
thereafter
All employees will be trained in the hazards involved in incipient stage fire fighting.
Employees are instructed to ensure the local EMS is notified before attempting to
extinguishanyfire,andthatifafireisnotimmediatelyextinguished,orthefirerecursto
evacuateimmediately.
9.1 Planning for Workplace Emergencies
Workplace emergencies can happen at any time and prudence dictates that response
procedures must be planned and prepared for in advance. Because it is hard to think clearly
duringanemergency,itisessentialtoplanourresponse.
Emergencyplanningisthefirststep,anditcanbechallengingeveniftheworkplaceonlyhasa
few employees. Determinations must be made as to what emergencies could affect our
workplace, who will lead and make decisions during an emergency, and what procedures will
ensure that employees respond appropriately. These elements are the foundation of our
workplaceEmergencyPlan.
Emergency planning may not prevent emergencies, but it can protect lives, equipment, and
property over the long term. The following information in this Section describes how TOPPS
Well Service, Inc. plans for workplace emergencies so that you and your coworkers respond
appropriatelywhenanunlikelyeventhappens.
OSHA requires most employers to have Emergency Plans. Those that have more than 10
employeesmusthavewrittenplans.Thosethathave10orfeweremployeesdonothavetoput
theirplansinwriting;however,theymustensurethattheiremployeesknowwhatprocedures
tofollowtoprotectthemselvesinanemergency.
9.2 The IncidentManagement System
Muchcanbelearnedaboutplanningforworkplaceemergenciesfromprofessionalemergency
responders.Whensomeonecalls911toreportanemergency,heorsheconnectswithalocal
network of fire, police, and other emergency service professionals who will respond as
efficiently as possible. This network is part of a larger incidentmanagement system that can
respondtoanemergencyandaccomplishthefollowing:
Identify,locate,anddeterminetheextentoftheemergency.
Determinetheresourcesnecessarytomanageandcontroltheemergency.
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Coordinatecommandandcontrolresponsibilitiesbetweenpoliceandfiredepartments,
hospitals and other medical service providers, government agencies, and onsite
responders.
Establish and maintain communication between onscene emergency responders and
otheremergencyserviceproviders.
Provideforthesafetyofvictims.
AnIncidentManagementSystemforourWorkplace
With thoughtful planning, a smallscale version of the incident management system
usedbyprofessionalresponderscanbecreated.Ourworkplacewillbereadytorespond
to any emergency from a heart attack to anearthquake andmanage it in themost
effective, efficient way possible. The essential parts of this system are our employees,
our Emergency Action Plan, communication and emergencyresponse equipment, and
ourworkplace.
The goal is for our Emergency Plan to ensure the wellbeing of everyone at our
workplace. This is accomplished by involving employees in the ongoing planning
processes, identifying emergencies that could affect our workplace, maintaining an
emergency chain of command, and developing emergency response policy and
procedures.
9.3 Involving Employees in the Planning Process
Perhaps the most important element of emergency planning is getting employees involved in
the planning process; when employees participate, they will take the Plan seriously and be
more likely to respond appropriately during an emergency. From the start, they should be
awarethatthepurposeoftheplanistoensuretheirsafety.
Employees will review the Plan to ensure that they know the procedures to follow to respond
safely in an emergency. Each employee will have a copy of the plan or know where to obtain
one.
Employees are encouraged to report workplace hazards and unsafe work practices that could
contributetoanemergency.
IdentifyEmergenciesthatCouldAffecttheWorkplace
Identify any external incident that could threaten employees or the public and any incident
withinourworkplacethatcouldcauseanemergency.
Examplesincludethefollowing:
Earthquake:external
Explosion:externalorinternal
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Fire:externalorinternal
Hazardoussubstancerelease:externalorinternal
Medical:internal
Weatherrelatedevent:external
Threatofviolence:externalorinternal
Electrical, heating and cooling, and telecommunicationsystem failures can disrupt workplace
activities and contribute to emergencies. Human error also contributes to many workplace
emergencies;employeeswillbetrainedtodotheirjobssafely.
9.4 The Chain of Command
Thechainofcommandlinksonepersonwithoverallresponsibilityformanaginganemergency
toothersresponsibleforcarryingoutspecificemergencyresponsetasks.Achainofcommand
establisheswhoisinchargeandensuresthateveryoneinthechainrespondstoemergenciesin
anorganizedway.
At the top of the chain is the emergency scene commander, a trained employee who has
overallresponsibilityformanagingemergencies.
Justbelowtheemergencyscenecommanderarethevolunteeremergencyscenecoordinators.
Inanorganizationthathasmultiplebuildingsorworkplaces,thechainofcommandmightalso
includeafacilitymanager,anemergencyOwner,andothermanagementunits.
At many small to mediumsized workplaces, the chain of command consists of an emergency
scenecommanderandoneortwovolunteeremergencyscenecoordinators.
The Responsibilities of the Emergency Scene Commander
The emergency scene commander has overall command of a workplace emergency, including
thefollowingresponsibilities:
Assessingincidentstodetermineifitisnecessarytoorderemergencyresponse.
Supervisingemergencyscenecoordinatorsactivitiesduringanemergency.
Directingshutdownofcriticalworkplaceequipmentoroperations.
Coordinating the activities of professional responders such as ambulance, police, and
firedepartments.
Determiningifanevacuationisnecessaryandmanaginganevacuation.
The emergency scene commander will be an employee who has experience managing others,
assessingcomplexevents,andmakingeffectivedecisionsunderdifficultcircumstances.
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The Role of the Emergency Scene Coordinators
Emergency scene coordinators are responsible for coordinating other employees activities
duringanemergencyandforotheremergencyresponsetasksforwhichtheyhavevolunteered
andbeenproperlytrained.
Generally, each coordinator will be responsible for no more than 20 employees within a
designated work area. Emergency scene coordinators must know how to respond to all
emergencies identified in our Emergency Plan, the evacuation procedures for the particular
workplace, and how to use emergency communication equipment. They will also know CPR,
first aid, and how to respond to threats of violence. Their primary responsibilities include the
following:
Checking rooms and other enclosed spaces for employees who may be trapped or
unabletoevacuateduringanemergency.
Knowingwhomayneedassistanceduringanevacuationandhowtoassistthem.
Coordinatingtheemergencyactivitiesofemployees.
Ensuringthatemployeesunderstandhowtorespondtoworkplaceemergencies.
Knowing the workplace layout, appropriate escape routes, and areas that employees
mustnotenterduringanevacuation.
Verifyingthatemployeesareindesignatedsafeareasafteranevacuation.
The established chain of command minimizes confusion during an emergency. An effective
chain of command helps ensure that responders manage an emergency in the most efficient
waypossible.
Policy and Procedures for Responding to Emergencies
ThefollowingCompanyPolicystatesthepurposeoftheEmergencyActionPlanandemphasizes
that TOPPS Well Service, Inc. is committed to ensuring the safety of employees and others at
ourworkplaceduringanemergency.
"It is the policy of TOPPS Well Service, Inc. to protect employees from physical harm,
harassment,andintimidation.Toprovideasafeworkingenvironmentforallemployees,TOPPS
WellService,Inc.iscommittedtoestablishinganeffectiveEmergencyPlan.ThePlanisbasedon
anIncidentManagementSystemthatconsistsofvolunteeremployeestrainedtorespondto
any workplace emergency. The system is modeled on the IMS system used by fire, police, and
emergency medicalservice responders. It provides for overall command and control of any
emergencyincident.ItimprovescommunicationbetweenIMSpersonnelandthefire,police,and
medical personnel who respond to a call for help. It also provides appropriate emergency
assistanceduringthefirstfewminutesittakesforemergencyresponderstoarrive."
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9.5 The Procedures
Procedures are instructions for accomplishing specific tasks. Emergency procedures are
important because they tell employees exactly what to do to ensure their safety during an
emergencytoaccomplisheachofthefollowingtasks:
Reportemergenciestolocalfireandpolicedepartments.
Informtheemergencychainofcommandofanemergency.
Warnemployeesaboutanemergency.
Conductanorderly,efficientworkplaceevacuation.
Assistemployeeswithdisabilitiesorinjuriesduringanevacuation.
Shut down critical equipment, operate fire extinguishers, and perform other essential
servicesduringanevacuation.
Accountforemployeesatadesignatedsafeareaafteranevacuation.
Performrescueandfirstaidthatmaybenecessaryduringanemergency.
9.6 Other Critical Information
ThefollowingareincludedinourCompanyprocedures:
The names of the emergency scene commander, the emergency scene coordinators,
and others responsible for carrying out the plan, and how to contact them during an
emergency.
Thenameofthepersonwhohastheauthoritytoorderaworkplaceevacuation.
The names and phone numbers of those who understand the Emergency Plan and will
informothersaboutit.
Planning Considerations Accounting for Employees after an Evacuation
A designated meeting area a safe distance away from the emergency site will be identified in
advance to ensure that employees know they must meet there after they evacuate the
workplace. An emergency scene coordinator should take a RollCall to identify employees
not present. A determination will need to be made as to what information or assistance
employeesmayneediftheycannotreturntotheworkplaceafteranevacuation.
Alerting Employees to an Emergency
The Company may use a public address system, portable radios, an alarm, an airhorn, or any
othermeansthatwillreachandwarnallemployees.Alarmswillbedistinctive,berecognizable
by all employees, and have a backup power supply in case the primary power fails. We may
needalarmsthatemployeescanhearandsee.
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Conducting Employee Rescues
It takes more than good intentions to save lives. Wouldbe rescuers can endanger themselves
and those they are trying to rescue. During most emergencies, leave rescue work to
professionalresponderswhoareappropriatelytrainedandequipped.Theexceptionswouldbe
during a catastrophe, such as a severe earthquake, that could delay professional emergency
responders for hours or days. Also, jobs such as handling hazardous substances or working in
confined spaces could result in emergencies for which fire or police departments are not
trained. We will need to find out what kind of emergencies local responders are trained and
equippedtorespondto.Iftheyareunabletorespondtoemergenciesuniquetoourworkplace,
ouremployeesmustbetrainedandabletorespondpromptly.
Coordinating with MultiEmployer Workplaces
If we happen to share a facility, building, or worksite with other employers, we will consider
workingwiththemtodevelop,iffeasible,afacilitywideEmergencyPlan.Ifafacilitywideplan
is not feasible, we will ensure that our plan does not conflict with the plans of the other
employersinthefacility.
9.7 QuickResponse Teams
A quickresponse team consists of volunteer employees trained to handle workplace incidents
thatrequireimmediateaction,suchasmedicalemergencies,threateningorviolentpeople,and
hazardoussubstance releases. The following considerations are relevant to quick response
teams:
Typesofincidentsthatrequireimmediateaction.
Rolesandresponsibilitiesofteammembers.
Communicationandresponseproceduresfortheteam.
9.10 Training Employees about Emergencies and Evacuations
To protect themselves during an emergency, all employees must understand the following
elementsoftheEmergencyPlan:
Therolesoftheemergencyscenecommanderandcoordinators.
Howtorespondtothreatsandintimidation.
Themethodforwarningemployeesofemergencies.
Themethodforcontactingemployeesnextofkinafteranemergency.
Theprocedureforsummoningemergencyresponders.
Thelocationofsafemeetingareas.
Howtorespondtoanemergencyandtoanordertoevacuate.
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New employees will be trained about the Emergency Plan when they are first hired and all
employeeswillbeinformedboutanychangestotheplan.
Emergency scene coordinators will be trained in first aid and CPR, bloodbornepathogen
protection,andhowtouserescueequipment.
Regulartrainingdrillswillbescheduledsothatemployeescanpractice.Outsidefireandpolice
departmentswillbeincludedinthedrillswhenpossible.Theeffectivenessofeachdrillwillbe
evaluated and activities that need strengthening will be identified. The results will be shared
withallemployees.
Whenaworkplaceemergencyrequiresanevacuation,allemployeesmustknowtoleave,what
emergency exits to take, and where to meet. Employees may also need to know how to shut
downcriticalequipmentduringanevacuation.
9.12 Evacuation Exits
Our workplaces will have a primary evacuation exit and an alternate exit. Diagrams will be
posted that show the evacuation routes and the exits where all employees will see them. The
exitsandexitrouteswillbeidentified.Characteristicsofexitsinclude:
Theyareclearlymarked,welllit,andvisibleunderemergencyconditions.
Theyarewideenoughtoaccommodateemployeesduringanevacuation.
Theyareunobstructedandclearofdebrisatalltimes.
Theyareunlikelytoexposeemployeestootherhazards.
TOPPSWellService,Inc.MainOffice&Shop
ExitRoutes
Howwouldyouescapefromyourworkplaceinanemergency?Doyouknowwherealltheexits
are incaseyour first choice is too crowded? Are you sure the doors will be unlocked and that
the exit access behind them will not be blocked during a fire, explosion, or other crisis?
Knowingtheanswerstothesequestionscouldkeepyousafeduringanemergency.
WorkplaceExitRoutes
Usually,aworkplacemusthaveatleasttwoexitroutesforpromptevacuation.Butmorethan
twoexitsarerequiredifthenumberofemployees,sizeofthebuilding,orarrangementofthe
workplacewillnotallowasafeevacuation.Exitroutesmustbelocatedasfarawayaspractical
fromeachotherincaseoneisblockedbyfireorsmoke.
GeneralRequirementsforExits
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Exitsmustbeseparatedfromtheworkplacebyfireresistantmaterialsthatis,aone
hour fireresistance rating if the exit connects three or fewer stories, and a twohour
fireresistanceratingiftheexitconnectsmorethanthreefloors.
Exitscanhaveonlythoseopeningsnecessarytoallowaccesstotheexitfromoccupied
areas of the workplace or to the exit discharge. Openings must be protected by a self
closing,approvedfiredoorthatremainsclosedorautomaticallyclosesinanemergency.
Alwayskeepthelineofsighttoexitsignsclearlyvisible.
InstallEXIT signsusingplainlylegibleleers.
SafetyFeaturesforExitRoutes
Keep exit routes free of explosives or highly flammable materials, equipment, or other
obstructions.
Exit routes will be arranged so that employees will not have to travel toward a high
hazardareaunlessthepathoftraveliseffectivelyshieldedfromthehighhazardarea.
Ensure that exit routes are free and unobstructed by materials, equipment, locked
doors,ordeadendcorridors.
Providelightingforexitroutesadequateforemployeeswithnormalvision.
Keep exit route doors free of decorations or signs that obscure their visibility of exit
routedoors.
Postsignsalongtheexitaccessindicatingthedirectionoftraveltothenearestexitand
exitdischargeifthatdirectionisnotimmediatelyapparent.
MarkdoorsorpassagesalonganexitaccessthatcouldbemistakenforanexitNotan
Exit orwithasignidentifyingitsuse.
Maintainexitroutesduringconstruction,repairs,oralterations.
DesignandConstructionRequirements
Exitroutesmustbepermanentpartsoftheworkplace.
Exit discharges must lead directly outside or to a street, walkway, refuge area, public
way,oropenspacewithaccesstotheoutside.
Exitdischargeareasmustbelargeenoughtoaccommodatepeoplelikelytousetheexit
route.
Exit route doors must unlock from the inside. They must be free of devices or alarms
thatcouldrestrictuseoftheexitrouteifthedeviceoralarmfails.
Exit routes can be connected to rooms only by sidehinged doors that swing out in the
directionoftraveliftheroommaybeoccupiedbymorethan50people.
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Exit routes must support the maximum permitted occupant load for each floor served,
andthecapacityofanexitroutemaynotdecreaseinthedirectionofexitroutetravelto
theexitdischarge.
Exitroutesmusthaveceilingsatleast7ft.,6in.high.Anexitaccessmustbeatleast28
incheswideatallpoints.
9.13 Providing Medical Assistance and First Aid
Ifthereisnotanearbyemergencyclinicorhospitalthatwilladmitvictimsofemergenciesfrom
our workplace then emergency scene coordinators will ensure that some members of onsite
personnelhaveappropriatefirstaidtrainingandsupplies.
9.14 Recording Critical Employee Information
After a medical emergency, an employee may be unable to contact next of kin or other
relatives.Supervisorswillhaveaccesstoemployeeshometelephonenumbers,thenamesand
telephone numbers of family members they want you to contact, physician names and phone
numbers, and information employees have given about their medical conditions or
medications. This information will be kept with employees permanent employment records
andupdatedannually.
9.15 Reporting Fire and Other Emergencies
OurEmergencyPlanhasaprocedureforreportingfiresandotheremergenciestoprofessional
responders.Reportallfiresbycalling911.Firesaregenerallynotreportedtofiredepartments
by fire alarms; most fire alarms warn only building occupants. The emergency scene
commanderwillstayinasafelocationtooverseeandrelayrelevantinformationtoprofessional
emergencyresponders.
9.16 Selecting and Using Personal Protective Equipment
Personal protective equipment includes clothing and equipment that protects emergency
responders against specific hazards. Examples include work gloves, goggles, hard hats, and
respirators.
Properly used, personal protective equipment offers protection against a hazard but does not
eliminatethehazard.Ifitfailsorisnotappropriateforaparticulartask,theuserrisksexposure.
Appropriate, effective protection depends on selecting, wearing, and using the equipment
properly which can be challenging. The following steps outline the procedures for selecting
personalprotectiveequipment:
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Step Action
1. Identify emergencyrelated hazards for which personal protective equipment may be
necessary;forexample,thoserespondingtomedicalemergenciesneedprotectionfrom
2. Determinewhichpersonalprotectiveequipmentwillprotectusersfromthehazards;for
example, latex gloves and face shields may be necessary to protect responders from
3. Determinewhowillusetheequipment;itiscriticalthattheequipmentfittheuserand
notcauseallergicreactionsorotherhealthproblems.
4. Determine the conditions under which responders will use the equipment; the
equipmentmustnotfailunderthoseconditions.
5. Ensurethatemergencyrespondersknowhowtousetheequipment.Whethertheyare
wearing hard hats or atmospheresupplying respirators, responders will know how the
equipment will protect them and when it will not protect them. Responders will know
how to wear, use, and maintain the equipment, and how to discard contaminated
equipment.
Types of Emergencies
Following are types of emergencies that could affect workplaces and summarizes what to do
when responding to them. Consider factors such as workplace size and location, number of
employeesonsite,andthenatureoftheirworkindetermininghowtorespond.
Earthquake
During an earthquake, people in most workplaces are at greatest risk from collapsing ceilings,
windows, light fixtures, and other falling objects. If you are indoors, the safest response is to
take cover under sturdy furniture or to brace yourself against an inside wall. Stay away from
windows,skylights,bookcases,andotherheavyobjects.Protectyourheadandneck.
Whattodo:
Ifindoors,staythere.Takecoverundersturdyfurnitureoragainstinsidewalls.
Donotuseelevators.
Stayawayfromwindows,skylights,andotherobjectsthatcouldfall.
Usestairwaystoleavetheworkplaceiftheorderisgiventoevacuate.
Bereadytorescuevictims;professionalrespondersmaynotbeabletorespond;remove
victimstoatriageareaifpossible.
Explosion
Any workplace that handles, stores, or processes flammable gases, liquids, and solids is
vulnerable.Explosionsoffernowarnings,causingdisorganizationandpanic.
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Whattodo:
Trytoestablishcommunicationwithemergencyscenecoordinators.
Assessdamagetotheworkplaceandestimatehumancasualties.
Administerfirstaidifitissafetodoso.
Donotuseelevators.
Evacuatefollowingestablishedprocedures.
Fire
If needed, invite a local fire department representative to our workplace to help identify fire
hazardsandtodiscusshowourworkplaceshouldrespondtoafire.Itisthebyproductsoffire
smoke and fire gassesthat kill. A quick, orderly evacuationis the most effective response to
anoutofcontrolfire.
Whattodo:
Pullthefirealarm.
Call911;tellthedispatcherthelocationandthenatureoftheemergency.
Informanemergencyscenecoordinator.
Donotuseelevators.
Permitonlytrainedresponderstousefireextinguishers.
If emergency scene coordinators or other employees are permitted to use fire extinguishers,
theywillbeproperlytrainedintheiruse.
HazardousSubstanceRelease
Hazardous substances include solvents, pesticides, paints, petroleum products, and heavy
metals any substance hazardous to health. Even if our workplace does not use hazardous
substances,coulditbeaffectedbyanearbyreleaseoranaccidentonalocalfreeway?Ifso,our
EmergencyPlandescribeshowthescenecommanderandcoordinatorswillrespondandnotify
fireandpolicedepartments.
Whattodo:
Informtheemergencyscenecommander.
Evacuatetheareasurroundingtherelease.
Call911;tellthedispatcherthelocationandthenatureoftheemergency.
If our workplace uses hazardous chemicals, our Company Hazard Communication Program
requiresthatweinventorythem,keepthemanufacturersuppliedmaterialsafetydatasheets,
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label the chemical containers, and train employees to protect themselves from the
chemicalshazards.
Ifemployeesmustwearpersonalprotectiveequipmentduringanemergencychemicalsuits,
gloves,hoods,boots,orrespirators,forexamplemakesurethatequipmentwillbeavailable
whentheyneedit,thatitfitsthem,andthattheyknowhowtouseit.
Medical
The most likely workplace emergency is a medical emergency. A serious medical emergency
such as cardiac arrest requires immediate attention response time is critical. It is essential
thatmedicalfirstrespondersknowhowtoperformfirstaid/CPR.
Whattodo:
Call911.Tellthedispatcherthelocationandthenatureoftheemergency.
Donotmovethevictim.
NotifyanemergencyscenecoordinatorforCPRorotherfirstaidtasks.
Assistprofessionalmedicalresponderswhentheyarrive.
Informthevictimssupervisor.
WeatherRelated Event
Hurricanes, tornadoes, blizzards, and floods are likely to be the cause of weatherrelated
workplace emergencies. Many communities experience floods following warm spring rain.
Winter storms often bring strong winds, freezing rain, and snow that can cause structural
damageandpoweroutages.
Whattodo:
Wait for instructions from the emergency scene commander; a power failure will slow
communication.
Tuneabatterypoweredradiotoastationthatbroadcastslocalnews.
Donotevacuatetheworkplaceunlessorderedtodoso.
Threats of Violence
Threats of violence may be delivered in any form: facetoface, by fax, email, phone, or in
writing. Threats can be directed toward the workplace or toward a specific person. Police
departments, mental health professionals, and employeeassistance program counselors offer
preventioninformation,securityinspections,andemployeetrainingthathelpreducetheriskof
workplaceviolence.
Whattodo:
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Informanemergencyscenecoordinator.
Activateasilentalarmifyourworkplacehasone.
Isolatethethreateningpersonifitispossibletodososafely.
Bomb Threats
Take all bomb threats seriously. Do not use fire alarms or phones in the building they
generate radio waves that could trigger a bomb. If someone finds a package thatmay contain
orthatmaybeabomb,heorsheshouldnoteitssize,shape,andwhetheritemitsasound,and
thennotifytheemergencyscenecommander.Call911fromoutsidethebuildingtoreportthe
emergency and determine if an evacuation is necessary. Use a communication method that
doesnotgenerateradiowavestoordertheevacuation.
Consider offering Threatmanagement training is available to emergency scene coordinators
andifappropriate,membersofquickresponseteams.
Terrorism
Althoughterroristactsposeminimalriskstomostworkplaces,thedevastatingeffectsofrecent
acts have changed the percepon of a secure workplace and added a new dimension to
emergency planning. What distinguishes terrorist acts is the use of threats and violence to
intimidateorcoerce.Factorstoconsiderinemergencyplanningincludethefollowing:
HowdoothersperceivethemissionofourCompanyinthesecontexts?
Politicalactivities
Businessactivities
Economicactivities
Socialresponsibilities
Howvulnerableareourcriticalresourcesfromterroristattack?
Productionmachineryandequipment
MailandHVACsystems
Electroniccommunication,power,data,andsystemshardware
Realestateandotherphysicalproperty
Financeandadministrativetransactions
Employeesattheworkplaceoratotherlocations
TobepostedatallCompanyfacilitiesandworkplaces

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CompanyName:____________________ JobLocation:__________________
StreetAddress:_______________________________________________________
City:State:ZIP:________________________________________________________
PreparedBy:_____________________________________
Title:____________________________PhoneNumber:______________________
Signature:_____________________________________Date:_________________
EmergencySceneCommander___________________________________________
EmergencySceneCoordinator____________________________________________
PURPOSE
This Plan identifies necessary management and employee actions during fires and other
emergencies.Educationandtrainingareprovidedsothatallemployeesknowand understand
theEmergencyActionPlan.
LOCATONOFPLAN
TheEmergencyActionPlancanbefoundatthestationorofficeofeach:
AcopyisalsomaintainedinTHECOMPANYgeneraloffices.
Uponrequest,anOSHArepresentativemayobtainacopyoftheplanfrom:
EXITROUTES
Drawadiagramofjobsiteorfacilityexitroutesinspacebelow:
LocatemeengplaceorRollCall areaonabovediagram:
ACCOUNTINGFOREMPLOYEES
Afterexitingjobsiteorfacility,allemployeesaretoassembleforRollCall atthislocation:
Notelocationonabovediagram
The following persons are responsible for ensuring that employees comply with this
requirement:
NameandTitle:_______________________________________________________________
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NameandTitle:_________________________________________________________
CRITICALOPERATIONS
Tominimizedamagefromtheemergency,thefollowingpersonnelareresponsibleforshutting
downthelistedcriticaloperations:
PersonnelNames
CriticalOperations
As soon as shutdowns are completed, the employees who performed critical operations will
takethenearestexitrouteinaccordancewithgeneralemergencyprocedures.
RESCUE AND MEDICAL DUTIES
The following personnel are certified and trained in both CPR and general first aid. These
personsaretobecontactedasspeciedintheGeneralEmergencyTraining :
NameandTitle
PhoneNumber
REPORTING EMERGENCIES
The following personnel have the duty of contacting public responders to come to the
emergencyscene.Thepersonnelarelistedindescendingorderofavailability:
NameandTitle
PhoneNumber
ALARM SYSTEMS AND NOTIFICATION OF EMERGENCIES
Intheeventofaworkplaceorfacilityemergency,employeeswillbenotifiedasfollows:
Identifymethodofnotification:
TYPES OF EVACUATION
OSHA requires to have an established system of types of evacuation to follow for different
emergency circumstances. The following listing represents company policy for various
emergencysituations:
PARTIALEVACUATION:CodeYellow3ringsorhornblasts:RESPONDERS
FULLEVACUATION:CodeRed4ringsorhornblasts:RESPONDERS
NOTE:Ifthereismorethanoneevacuationtype,thealarmsignalforeachwillbedistinctive.
OTHER:
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OTHER:
PUBLIC EMERGENCY RESPONSE INFORMATION
Ensurethat911emergencyservicescovertheareathisEmergencyActionPlancovers.
LocalPoliceDepartment:
LocalFireDepartment:
LocalAmbulance/EMS:
LocalHospital:
FURTHER INFORMATION
ForfurtherinformationorexplanationaboutanydutiesunderthisPlan,contact:
NameandTitle:
NameandTitle:
ThisEmergencyActionPlanisauthorizedandapprovedby:
NameSignatureTitleDate

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10.0 Fall Protection
TOPPSWellService,Inc.hasadoptedthisprogramforthepreventionofemployeeexposureto
fallhazardsfromthefollowingOSHAregulations:
1926.501DutytohaveFallProtection
1926.502FallProtectionSystemsCriteriaandPractices
1926.503TrainingRequirements
TOPPSWellService,Inc.hasimplementedthispolicytoensurethatpropersafeworkpractices
andproceduresarefollowedtoprotectemployeesfromthefallhazards.TheSafetyPersonnel
istheQualifiedPersondesignatedastheProgramAdministratorresponsibleformanagingand
supervising the Fall Protection Program. The following work practices, procedures, and
engineeringcontrolswillbeenforcedasanintegralpartofourCompanySafetyPolicy:
TOPPS Well Service, Inc. will provide at no cost to employees fall protection such as
guard rails, safety nets, or personal fall arrest systems whenever employees are
potentially exposed to falls to lower levels from heights of six feet or greater. This
includesworknearandaroundexcavations.Exception:Whenthestandardmethodsof
protection are not feasible or a greater hazard would be created. The exposure
determination shall be made without regards to the use of PPE. Scaffolds, ladders, or
vehicleswillonlybeusedwhenappropriatefallprotectionisinplace.
The Safety Personnel will ensure that all employees who participate in work where fall
hazardsarepresentaretrainedinrecognitionoffallhazards,fallprotectionprocedures,
equipment,andworkpractices.Writtencertificationrecordswillbemaintainedshowing
who was trained, types of training, dates of training, signature of person providing
training, and the date training was determined to be adequate. Employees will be
certifieduponcompletionoftraininginthefollowingareas:
Thenatureoffallhazardsintheworkarea.
The correctproceduresfor erecting, maintaining, disassembling, and inspecting the fall
protectionsystemstobeused.
The use and operation of guardrail systems, personal fall arrest systems, safety net
systems, warning line systems, safety monitoring systems, personal fall restraint
systems,slideguardsystems,positioningdevices,andotherprotectiontobeused.
Theroleofeachemployeeinthesafetymonitoringsystemwhenthissystemisused.
Thelimitationsontheuseofmechanicalequipmentduringtheperformanceofroofing
work.
The correct procedures for the handling and storage of equipment and materials and
theerectionofoverheadprotection.
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Theroleofemployeesinthefallprotectionworkplan.
Employeeretraininginfallprotectionwillbeprovidedwhen:
Previoustrainingisdeemeddeficient.
Changesinworkenvironmentoccurwhichwouldnecessitateadditionaltraining.
Changesinfallprotectionequipmentorsystemsoccur.
Employeeisobservedapplyingunsafeworkpractices.
Fallprotectionwillberequiredatalltimesforemployeesworkingatheightsof6feetor
above.Thefallprotectionsystemusedwillbeappropriateforthespecificworklocation
orsituationwhereitisrequiredfollowingtheguidelinesof1926.502.
TheSafetyPersonnelisdesignatedthecompetentpersoninchargeofthefallprotection
program for TOPPS Well Service, Inc. and will specify a fall protection system for each
worksite. The Safety Personnel will supervise implementation of the fall protection
systemandinspectthesystempriortouse.
TOPPS Well Service, Inc. will implement a safety monitoring system where no
alternative measure is feasible. In the event a conventional fall protection system is
deemed inappropriate, The Safety Personnel will designate the work area a controlled
access zone, and will assign a Competent Person to monitor the safety of other
employees and will ensure that the safety monitor complies with the following
requirements.Theassignedsafetymonitorwill:
Becompetenttorecognizefallhazards.
Warn the monitored employee when it appears they are unaware of a fall hazard or is
actinginanunsafemanner.
The safety monitor shall be on the same walking/working surface and within visual
sightingdistanceoftheemployeebeingmonitored.
The safety monitor shall be close enough to communicate orally with the employee
beingmonitored.
The safety monitor will have no other responsibilities that could take his/her attention
fromthemonitoringfunction.
AllaccidentsandseriousincidentsinvolvingTOPPSWellService,Inc.employeeswillbe
reported immediately to the supervisor for the work location. All accidents/incidents
will be investigated under the guidelines of the company Accident Investigation
Program.ChangeswillbeimplementedtotheFallProtectionPlanasnecessary.
TOPPS Well Service, Inc. will provide for prompt rescue of employees in the event of a
fallorwillassuretheemployeesareabletorescuethemselves.
All materials and equipment purchased and used at TOPPS Well Service, Inc. for fall
protection will comply to ANSI and ASTM standards required for that material or
equipment.
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This Fall Protection Work Plan enables workers performing operations with fall hazards to use
alternative fall protection systems or methods when conventional systems are not feasible.
Underthesespecialcircumstances,properlydocumentedfallprotectionplansgiveTOPPSWell
Service, Inc. the flexibility to use more appropriate methods of fall protection when
conventional systems are not practical or that they pose a greater safety hazard to workers
than other fall protection alternatives. This fall protection plan meets the following
requirements:
A qualified person prepared the plan specifically for the site where the work will be
performed.
Theplandocumentswhyconventionalfallprotectionsystemsarenotfeasibleandshow
howalternativemethodswillreduceoreliminatefallhazards.
Theplandescribesallmeasuresthatwillbetakentominimizeoreliminatefallhazards
attheworksite.
ThisFallProtectionWorkPlanisspecificforthefollowingproject:
LocationofJob:_________________________________________________________
Dateplanpreparedormodified:____________________________________________
Planpreparedby:________________________________________________________
Planapprovedby:_______________________________________________________
Plansupervisedby:______________________________________________________
Statement of Company Policy: TOPPS Well Service, Inc. is dedicated to protecting employees
from workplace injuries and illnesses. Company management and supervisors are responsible
for identifying and correcting hazards on the job. All employees are responsible for working
safely.ThisplansupplementsourexisngEnvironmental,HealthandSafetyProgram.
ThisPlanaddressestheuseofconventionalfallprotectionatanumberofareasonthisproject
and identifies specific activities that require unconventional means of fall protection. These
activitiesinclude:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
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Eachemployeewillbetrainedintheseproceduresandwillstrictlyadheretothemexceptwhen
doing so would expose the employee to greater hazards. If, in the employees opinion, this is
the case, the employee is to notify the competent person of his or her concern and have the
concernaddressedbeforeproceeding.
It is the responsibility of ___________________________________, Competent Person, to
implement this Fall Protection Work Plan. Work operations will be checked frequently and
safetypolicyandprocedureswillbeenforced.
The Crew Foreman, _______________________________________, is responsible for
correctingunsafepracticesorconditionsimmediately.
DesignatedFirstAidTrained personnelonthissiteinclude:______________________
______________________________________________________________________.
In the event of serious injury, company personnel are directed to call 911 or local Emergency
MedicalServicesat:____________________________________________.
It is the responsibility of The Safety Personnel to ensure that all employees understand and
adheretotheproceduresofthisplanandfollowtheinstructionofthecrewsupervisor.Itisthe
responsibility of the employee to alert management to unsafe or hazardous conditions or
practicesthatmaycauseinjurytoemployees.
AnychangestotheFallProtectionWorkPlanmustbeapprovedbytheQualifiedPerson,
____________________________________________.
Appropriate fall protection systems will be used on this job when the risk of fall exists. These
processes will be conducted by employees trained to do this type of work and trained to
recognize the fall hazards. This plan details how fallhazards will be minimized by TOPPS Well
Service,Inc..Followingarethespecificrequirementsforfallprotectiononthisproject:
ThisFallProtectionPlanmustbekeptatthejobsiteatalltimeswhenoperationsarein
progress.
The implementation of the fall protection plan will be under the supervision of a
competentperson.
The personal fall arrest system will include, but not limited to, an anchorage,
connectors, and a body harness used to arrest an employee in a fall from the working
level.
A personal fallrestraint system will be used to prevent a worker from reaching an
unprotected edge and thus prevent a fall from occurring. The system will consist of an
128
anchorage,connectors,andabodyharnessorabodybelt.Theattachmentpointtothe
bodybeltorfullbodyharnesswillbeattheback,front,orsideDrings.
An anchorage will be used to secure a point of attachment for lifelines, lanyards or
deceleration devices. The anchorage will be located directly above the worker, if
possible,toreducethechanceofaswingfall.Theanchoragewillbehighenoughabove
a worker to ensure that the arrest system, and not the next lower level, stops the fall.
This will make the anchorage, the lanyard, and the harness a complete system.
Connectorsincludecarabiners,snaphooks,andDrings.
A body harness will be secured about the person in a manner that distributes the fall
arrestforcesoveratleastthethighs,pelvis,waist,chest,andshoulderswithameansfor
attachingtheharnesstoothercomponentsofthefallarrestsystem.
Aconnectorwillbeusedtocouplepartsofthepersonalfallarrestsystemorpositioning
devicesystemtogether.
Alanyardwillbeusedforconnectingthebodyharnesstoadecelerationdevice,lifeline,
oranchorage.
A deceleration device such as a rope, grab, ripstitch lanyard, specially woven lanyard,
tearingordeforminglanyards,automaticselfretractinglifelines/lanyardswillbeusedto
dissipate a substantial amount of energy during a fall arrest, or otherwise limit the
energyimposedonanemployeeduringfallarrest.
A lifeline , will be used as a means for connecting other components of a personal fall
arrestsystemtotheanchorage.
Abodybelt,whichshallonlybeusedasapositioningdevice,willbesecuredaboutthe
waistandattachedtoalanyard,lifeline,ordecelerationdevice.
Apositioningdevicesystemmaybeusedtoallowanemployeetobesupportedonan
elevatedverticalsurfaceandworkwithbothhandsfreewhileleaningbackwards.
Aropegrabwillbeimplementedtoarrestafall.
Aselfretractinglifeline/lanyardmaybeusedtoarrestthefall.
In the event an employee falls, TOPPS Well Service, Inc. will investigate the
circumstances of the fall to determine if the fall protection plan needs to be changed
andwillimplementthosechangestopreventsimilartypesoffalls.
Work on or from scaffolds will be prohibited during storms or high winds unless a
qualifiedpersonhasdeterminedthatitissafeforemployeestobeonthescaffoldand
thoseemployeesareprotectedbyapersonalfallarrestsystem.
AppropriatePersonalProtectiveEquipment,suchashardhats,willbewornatalltimes
whenfallingobjectshazardsexist.
________________________________________________________________
129
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
AdditionalInformation:_________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
ThisFallProtectionWorkPlanapprovedby:
Name:__________________________________________Title:_________________
Signature:____________________________________________Date:____________
Fall Protection Work Plan must be kept at the jobsite at all times when operations are in
progress.
JobName:_______________________________________________________
Location:________________________________________________________
DateAssessed:____________________________________________________

130
RelatedOperatingProceduresReviewed:
YES NO
LocationMarkedandEntryControlled:
YES NO
10.1 FALL HAZARD ASSESSMENT CHECKLIST
1. Cananemployeeentertheareawithoutrestrictionandperformwork?
YES NO
2. Arefallpreventionsystemssuchascages,guardrails,toeboards,andmanliftsinplace
YES NO
3. Haveslippingandtrippinghazardsbeenremovedorcontrolled?
YES NO
4. Havevisualwarningsoffallhazardsbeeninstalled?
YES NO
5. Canthedistanceaworkercouldfallbereducedbyinstallingplatforms,netsetc.?
YES NO
6. Areanypermanentlyinstalledfloorcoverings,gratings,hatches,ordoorsmissing?
YES NO
7. Doesthelocationcontainanyotherrecognizedsafetyandorhealthhazards?
YES NO
8. IsthespacedesignatedasaPermitRequiredConfinedSpace?
YES NO
9. Haveanchorpointsbeendesignatedandloadtested?
YES NO
AssessmentInformation:
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Initials_______
Hazard________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Remarks/Recommendations_______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Totalpotentialfalldistance:_____________________________________
Numberofworkersinvolved:____________________________________
Frequencyoftask:_____________________________________________
Obtainableanchorpointstrength:_________________________________
Requiredanchorpointstrength:_________________
AdditionalRequirements:________________________________________
Potentialenvironmentalconditionsthatcouldimpact
safety:________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Initials______________
Condition___________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Possiblerequiredstructural
alterations:____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
132
Initials_____________
Alteration______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
Possibletaskmodificationthatmaybe
required:______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
Initials____________
Task__________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Trainingrequirements:
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
Initials________
Requirement___________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
133
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Personalprotectiveequipmentrequired:
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
Initials_________
Requirement___________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Comments:
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
Approved AUTHORIZATION
I certify that I have conducted a Fall Hazard Assessment of the above designated location and
havedetailedthefindingsoftheassessmentonthisform.*Furtherdetailedonattachment:
YES NO
Title:___________________________________
134
Date:________________________________________
Time:________________________________________
Name:_______________________________________
Signature:____________________________________
Bymysignaturebelow,IacknowledgethatIhavereceivedinstructionandhavereadtheTOPPS
Well Service, Inc. Fall Protection Program. I have been given the opportunity to ask questions
and have received answers, instruction, and clarification to my questions. I understand the
contents of and agree to follow TOPPS Well Service, Inc. policy with regard to the Fall
ProtectionProgram.
FallProtectionProgramreceivedon____________________,20___
______________________________________________
PrintedNameofEmployee
____________________________________________________________
SignatureofEmployeeDate
______________________________________________
SocialSecurityNumber
______________________________________________
PrintedNameofTrainer
____________________________________________________________
SignatureofTrainer Date
cc:EmployeePersonnelFile

135
TOPPS Well Service, Inc. certifies that the following employee has been trained in the
understanding, knowledge, and skills necessary for the safe performance of duties assigned in
areasoffallprotectionhazards.
_______________________________________________ has demonstrated proficiency in the
followingareasoffallprotection:
Thenatureoffallhazardsintheworkarea.
The correctproceduresfor erecting, maintaining, disassembling, and inspecting the fall
protectionsystemstobeused.
The use and operation of guardrail systems, personal fall arrest systems, safety net
systems, warning line systems, safety monitoring systems, personal fall restraint
systems,slideguardsystems,positioningdevices,andotherprotectiontobeused.
Theroleofeachemployeeinthesafetymonitoringsystemwhenthissystemisused.
Thelimitationsontheuseofmechanicalequipmentduringtheperformanceofroofing
work.
The correct procedures for the handling and storage of equipment and materials and
theerectionofoverheadprotection.
Theroleofemployeesinthefallprotectionworkplan.
_________________________________________________________________
EmployeeTrainedByDateofTraining
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
EmployeeSignatureDate
cc:EmployeePersonnelFile

136
10.2 DUTY TO HAVE FALL PROTECTION.
1926.501 General. This section sets forth requirements for employers to provide fall
protection systems. All fall protection requiredby this section shall conform to the criteria set
forth in 1926.502 of this subpart. The employer shall determine if the walking/working
surfaces on which its employees are to work have the strength and structural integrity to
supportemployeessafely.Employeesshallbeallowedtoworkonthosesurfacesonlywhenthe
surfaceshavetherequisitestrengthandstructuralintegrity.UnprotectedSidesandEdges.Each
employee on a walking/working surface with an unprotected side or edge which is 6 feet or
moreabovealowerlevelshallbeprotectedfromfallingbytheuseofguardrailsystems,safety
nets,orpersonalfallarrestsystems.
10.3 Leading Edges.
Each employee who is constructing a leading edge which is 6 feet or more above lower levels
shall be protected from falling by the use of guardrail systems, safety nets, or personal fall
arrestsystems.Exception:Whentheemployercandemonstratethatitisinfeasibleorcreatesa
greater hazard to use these systems, the employer shall develop and implement a fall
protectionplanwhichmeetstherequirementsofparagraphof1926.502.
NOTE: There is a presumption that it is feasible and will not create a greater hazard to
implement at least one of the above listed fall protection systems. Accordingly, the employer
has the burden of establishing that it is appropriate to establish a fall protection plan which
complies with 1926.502 for a particular workplace situation, in lieu of implementing any of
thosesystems.
Eachemployeeonawalking/workingsurface6feetormoreabovealowerlevelwhereleading
edges are under construction, but who is not engaged in the leading edge work, shall be
protected form falling by the use of guardrail systems, safety nets, or personal fall arrest
systems. If a guardrail system is chosen to provide the fall protection, and a controlled access
zonehasalreadybeenestablishedforleadingedgework,thecontrollinemaybeusedinlieuof
aguardrailalongtheedgethatparallelstheleadingedge.
Hoist Areas. Each employee in a hoist area shall be protected from falling 6 feet or more to
lower levels by guardrail systems or personal fall arrest systems. If guardrail systems, or
portionsthereof,areremovedtofacilitatethehoistingoperation,andanemployeemustlean
throughtheaccessopeningoroutovertheedgeoftheaccessopening,thatemployeeshallbe
protectedfromfallbyapersonalfallarrestsystem.
137
10.4 Holes.
Eachemployeeonwalking/workingsurfacesshallbeprotectedfromfallingthroughholesmore
than 6 feet above lower levels, by personal fall arrest systems, covers, or guardrail systems
erectedaroundsuchholes.
Eachemployeeonwalking/workingsurfacesshallbeprotectedfromtrippinginorsteppinginto
orthroughholesbycovers,
Each employee on walking/working surfaces shall be protected from objects falling through
holesbycovers.
Formwork and reinforcing steel. Each employee on the face of formwork or reinforcing steel
shall be protected from falling 6 feet or more to lower levels by personal fall arrest systems,
safetynetsystems,orpositioningdevicesystems.
Ramps, runways, and other walkways. Each employee on ramps, runways, or other walkways
shallbeprotectedfromfalling6feetormoretolowerlevelsbyguardrailsystems.
10.5 Excavations.
Each employee at the edge of an excavation 6 feet or more in depth shall be protected from
falling by guardrail systems, fences, or barricades when the excavations are not readily seen
becauseofplantgrowthorothervisualbarrier.
Eachemployeeattheedgeofawell,pit,shaft,andsimilarexcavation6feetormoreindepth
shallbeprotectedfromfallingbyguardrailsystems,fences,barricades,orcovers.
10.6 Dangerous equipment.
Each employee less than 6 feet or more above dangerous equipmentshall be protected from
fallingintoorontothedangerousequipmentbyguardrailsystems,orbyequipmentguards.
Eachemployee6feetormoreabovedangerousequipmentshallbeprotectedfromfallhazards
by guardrail systems, personal fall arrest systems, or safety net systems. Overhand bricklaying
andrelatedwork.
Except as otherwise provided in of this section, each employee performing overhand
bricklayingandrelatedwork6feetormoreabovelowerlevels,shallbeprotectedfromfalling
by guardrail systems, safety net systems, personal fall arrest systems, or shall work in a
controlledaccesszone.
Eachemployeereachingmorethan10inchesbelowthelevelofthewalking/workingsurfaceon
whichtheyareworking,shallbeprotectedfromfallingbyaguardrailsystem,safetynetsystem
orpersonalfallarrestsystem.
138
NOTE:BricklayingoperationsperformedonscaffoldsareregulatedbySubpartLScaffolds.
Roofing work on low slope roofs. Except as otherwise provided in this section, each employee
engaged in roofing activities on low slope roofs, with unprotected sides and edges 6 feet or
more above lower levels shall be protected from falling by guardrail systems, safety net
systems, personal fall arrest systems, or a combination of warning line system and guardrail
system, warning line system and safety net system, or warning line system and personal fall
arrest system or4 warning line system and monitoring system. Or, on roofs 50feet or less in
width the use of a safety monitoring system alone [i.e. without the warning line system] is
permitted.
10.7 Steep roofs.
Each employee on a steep roof with unprotected sides and edges 6 feet or more above lower
levels shall be protected from falling by guardrail systems with toeboards, safety net systems,
orpersonalfallarrestsystems.
Precast concrete erection. Each employee engaged in the erection of precast concrete
membersandrelatedoperationssuchasgroutingofprecastconcretemembers,whois6feet
or more above lower levels shall be protected from falling by guardrail systems, safety net
systems,orpersonalfallarrestsystems.Unless anotherprovisioninparagraphofthissection
provides for an alternative fall protection measure. Exception: When the employer can
demonstratethatitisinfeasibleorcreatesagreaterhazardtousethesesystems,theemployer
shalldevelopandimplementafallprotectionplanwhichmeetstherequirementsofparagraph
of1926.502.
has the burden of establishing that it is appropriate to implement a fall protection plan which
thosesystems.
Residentialconstruction.Eachemployeeengagedinresidentialconstructionactivities6feetor
moreabovelowerlevelsshallbeprotectedbyguardrailsystems,safetynetsystem,orpersonal
fall arrest system unless another provision in paragraph of this section provides for an
alternative fall protection measure. Exception: When the employer can demonstrate it is
infeasible or creates a greater hazard to use these systems, the employer shall develop and
implementafallprotectionplanwhichmeetstherequirementsofparagraphof1926.502.
139
has the burden of establishing that it is appropriate to implement a fall protection plan which
thosesystems.
10.7 Wall openings.
Eachemployeeworkingon,at,above,ornearwallopeningswheretheoutsidebottomedgeof
the wall opening is 6 feet or more above lower levels and the inside bottom edge of the wall
openinglessthan39inchesabovethewalking/workingsurface,shallbeprotectedfromfalling
bytheuseofaguardrailsystem,asafetynetsystem,orapersonalfallarrestsystem.
Walking/working surfaces not otherwise addressed. Except as provided in 1926.500 or in
1926.501through,eachemployeeonawalking/workingsurface6feetormoreabovelower
levels shall be protected from falling by a guardrail system, safety net system, or personal fall
arrestsystem.
Protection from falling objects. When an employee is exposed to falling objects, the employer
shallhaveeachemployeewearahardhatandshallimplementoneofthefollowingmeasures:
Erect toeboards, screens, or guardrail systems to prevent objects from falling from higher
levels;or,
Erectacanopystructureandkeeppotentialfallobjectsfarenoughfromtheedgeofthehigher
levelsothatthoseobjectswouldnotgoovertheedgeiftheywereaccidentallydisplaced;or,
Barricadetheareatowhichobjectscouldfall,prohibitemployeesfromenteringthebarricaded
area, and keep objects that may fall far enough away from the edge of a higher level so that
thoseobjectswouldnotgoovertheedgeiftheywereaccidentallydisplaced.
10.8 FALL PROTECTION SYSTEMS CRITERIA AND PRACTICES.
1926.502 General. Fall protection systems required by this part shall comply with the
applicableprovisionsofthissection.
Employers shall provide and install all fall protection systems required by this subpart for an
employee, and shall comply with all other pertinent requirements of this subpart before that
employeebeginstheworkthatnecessitatesthefallprotection.
10.9 Guardrail systems.
Guardrailsystemsandtheiruseshallcomplywiththefollowingprovisions:
140
Topedgeheightoftoprails,orequivalentguardrailsystemmembers,shallbe42inchesplusor
minus 3 inches above the walking/working level. When conditions warrant, the height of the
topedgemayexceedthe45inchheight,providedtheguardrailsystemmeetsallothercriteria
ofthisparagraph.
NOTE: When employees are using stilts, the top edge height of the top rail, or equivalent
member,shallbeincreasedanamountequaltotheheightofthestilts.
Midrails, screens, mesh, intermediate vertical members, or equivalent intermediate structural
members shall be installed between the top edge of the guardrail system and the
walking/workingsurfacewhenthereisnowallorparapetwallatleast21incheshigh.
Midrails, when used, shall be installed at a height midway between the top edge of the
guardrailsystemandthewalking/workinglevel.
Screensandmesh,whenused,shallextendfromthetoprailtothewalking/workingleveland
alongtheentireopeningbetweentoprailsupports.
Intermediatemembers,whenusedbetweenposts,shallbenotmorethan19inchesapart.
Other structural members shall be installed such that there are no openings in the guardrail
systemthataremorethan19incheswide.
Guardrail systems shall be capable of withstanding, without failure, a force of at least 200
poundsappliedwithin2inchesofthetopedge,inanyoutwardordownwarddirection,atany
pointalongthetopedge.
Whenthe200poundtestloadspecifiedinparagraphofthissectionisappliedinadownward
direction,thetopedgeoftheguardrailshallnotdeflecttoaheightlessthan39inchesabove
the walking/working level. Guardrail system components selected and constructed in
accordance with the Appendix B to subpart M of this part will be deemed to meet this
requirement.
Midrails,screens,mesh,intermediateverticalmembers,solidpanels,andequivalentstructural
members shall be capable of withstanding, without failure, a force of at least 150 pounds
appliedinanydownwardoroutwarddirectionatanypointalongthemidrailorothermember.
Guardrailsystemsshallbesosurfacedastopreventinjurytoanemployeefrompuncturesor
lacerations,andtopreventsnaggingofclothing.
Theendsofalltoprailsandmidrailsshallnotoverhangtheterminalposts,exceptwheresuch
overhangdoesnotconstituteaprojectionhazard.
141
Steelbandingandplasticbandingshallnotbeusedastoprailsormidrails.
Top rails and midrails shall be at least onequarter inch nominal diameter or thickness to
prevent cuts and lacerations. If wire rope is used for top rails, it shall be flagged at not more
than6footintervalswithhighvisibilitymaterial.
Whenguardrailsystemsareusedathoistingareas,achain,gateorremovableguardrailsection
shallbeplacedacrosstheaccessopeningbetweenguardrailsectionswhenhoistingoperations
arenottakingplace.
When guardrail systems are used at holes, they shall be erected on all unprotected sides or
edgesofthehole.
Whenguardrailsystemsareusedaroundholesusedforthepassageofmaterials,theholeshall
havenotmorethantwosidesprovidedwithremovableguardrailsectionstoallowthepassage
of materials. When the hole is not in use, it shall be closed over with a cover, or a guardrail
systemshallbeprovidedalongallunprotectedsidesoredges.
When guardrail systems are used around holes which are used as points of access , they shall
beprovidedwithagate,orbesooffsetthatapersoncannotwalkdirectlyintothehole.
Guardrailsystemsusedonrampsandrunwaysshallbeerectedalongeachunprotectedsideor
edge.
Manila, plastic or synthetic rope being used for top rails or midrails shall be inspected as
frequently as necessary to ensure that it continues to meet the strength requirements of this
section.
10.10 Safety net systems.
Safetynetsystemsandtheiruseshallcomplywiththefollowingprovisions:
Safety nets shall be installed as close as practicable under the walking/working surface on
whichemployeesareworking,butinnocasemorethan30feetbelowsuchlevel.Whennets
areusedonbridges,thepotentialfallareafromthewalking/workingsurfacetothenetshallbe
unobstructed.
Safetynetsshallextendoutwardfromtheoutermostprojectionoftheworksurfaceasfollows:
Safetynetsshallbeinstalledwithsufficientclearanceunderthemtopreventcontactwiththe
surfaceorstructuresbelowwhensubjectedtoanimpactforceequaltothedroptestspecified
inthissection.
142
Safety nets and their installations shall be capable of absorbing an impact force equal to that
producedbythedroptestspecifiedinthissection.
Exceptasprovidedinthissection,safetynetsandsafetynetinstallationsshallbedroptestedat
thejobsiteafterinitialinstallationandbeforebeingusedasafallprotectionsystem,whenever
relocated, after major repair, and at 6month intervals if left in one place. The droptest shall
consist of a 400 pound bag of sand 30 2 inches in diameter dropped into the net from the
highestwalking/workingsurfaceatwhichemployeesareexposedtofallhazards,butnotfrom
lessthan42inchesabovethatlevel.
Whentheemployercandemonstratethatitisunreasonabletoperformthedroptestrequired
bythissection,theemployershallcertifythatthenetandnetinstallationisincompliancewith
theprovisionsofparagraphsofthissectionbypreparingacertificationrecordpriortothenet
beingusedasafallprotectionsystem.
Thecertificationrecordmustincludeanidentificationofthenetandnetinstallationforwhich
the certification record is being prepared; the date that it was determined that the identified
netandnetinstallationwereincompliancewithparagraphofthissectionandthesignatureof
thepersonmakingthedeterminationandcertification.Themostrecentcertificationrecordfor
eachnetandnetinstallationshallbeavailableatthejobsiteforinspection.
Defective nets shall not be used. Safety nets shall be inspected at least once a week for wear,
damage,andotherdeterioration.Defectivecomponentsshallberemovedfromservice.Safety
nets shall also be inspected after any occurrence which could affect the integrity of the safety
netsystem.
Materials, scrap pieces, equipment, and tools which have fallen into the safety net shall be
removedassoonaspossiblefromthenetandatleastbeforethenextworkshift.
Themaximumsizeofeachsafetynetmeshopeningshallnotexceed36squareinchesnorbe
longer than 6 inches on any side, and the opening, measured centertocenter of mesh ropes
or webbing, shall not be longer than 6 inches . All mesh crossings shall be secured to prevent
enlargementofthemeshopening.
Each safety net shall have a border rope for webbing with a minimum breaking strength of
5,000pounds.
Connectionsbetweensafetynetpanelsshallbeasstrongasintegralnetcomponentsandshall
bespacednotmorethan6inchesapart.
143
Personal fall arrest systems. Personal fall arrest systems and their use shall comply with the
provisionssetforthbelow.EffectiveJanuary1,1998,bodybeltsarenotacceptableaspartofa
personalfallarrestsystem.
Note:Theuseofabodybeltinapositioningdevicesystemisacceptableandisregulatedunder
paragraphofthissection.
Connectorsshallbedropforged,pressedorformedsteel,ormadeofequivalentmaterials.
Connectorsshallhaveacorrosionresistantfinish,andallsurfacesandedgesshallbesmoothto
preventdamagetointerfacingpartsofthesystem.
Deeringsandsnaphooksshallhaveaminimumtensilestrengthof5,000pounds.Deeringsand
snaphooksshallbeprooftestedtoaminimumtensileloadof3,600poundswithoutcracking,
breaking,ortakingpermanentdeformation.
Snaphooks shall be sized to be compatible with the member to which they are connected to
prevent unintentional disengagement of the snaphook by depression of the snaphook keeper
by the connected member, or shall be a locking type snaphook designed and used to prevent
disengagement of the snaphook by the contact of the snaphook keeper by the connected
member.EffectiveJanuary1,1998,onlylockingtypesnaphooksshallbeused.
Unless the snaphook is a locking type and designed for the following connections, snaphooks
shallnotbeengaged:
1. directlytowebbing,ropeorwirerope;
2. toeachother;
3. toadeeringtowhichanothersnaphookorotherconnectorisattached;
4. toahorizontallifeline;or
5. toanyobjectwhichisincompatiblyshapedordimensionedinrelationtothesnaphook
suchthatunintentionaldisengagementcouldoccurbytheconnectedobjectbeingable
todepressthesnaphookkeeperandreleaseitself.
On suspended scaffolds or similar work platforms with horizontal lifelines which may become
verticallifelines,thedevicesusedtoconnecttoahorizontallifelineshallbecapableoflocking
inbothdirectionsonthelifeline.
Horizontal lifelines shall be designed, installed, and used, under the supervision of a qualified
person,aspartofacompletepersonalfallarrestsystem,whichmaintainsasafetyfactorofat
leasttwo.
Lanyardsandverticallifelinesshallhaveaminimumbreakingstrengthof5,000pounds
144
Except as provided in this section, when vertical lifelines are used, each employee shall be
attachedtoaseparatelifeline.
Duringtheconstructionofelevatorshafts,twoemployeesmaybeattachedtothesamelifeline
in the hoistway, provided both employees are working atop a false car that is equipped with
guardrails;thestrengthofthelifelineis10,000pounds[5,000poundsperemployeeattached]
andallothercriteriaspecifiedinthisparagraphforlifelineshavebeenmet.
Lifelinesshallbeprotectedagainstbeingcutorabraded.
Selfretractinglifelinesandlanyardswhichautomaticallylimitfreefalldistanceto2feetorless
shall be capable of sustaining a minimum tensile load of 3,000 pounds applied to the device
withthelifelineorlanyardinthefullyextendedposition.
Selfretracting lifelines and lanyards which do not limit free fall distance to 2 feet or less,
ripstitchlanyards,andtearinganddeforminglanyardsshallbecapableofsustainingaminimum
tensile load of 5,000 pounds applied to the device with the lifeline or lanyard in the fully
extendedposition.
Ropesandstrapsusedinlanyards,lifelines,andstrengthcomponentsofbodybeltsandbody
harnessesshallbemadefromsyntheticfibers.
Anchoragesusedforattachmentofpersonalfallarrestequipmentshallbeindependentofany
anchoragebeingusedtosupportorsuspendplatformsandcapableofsupportingatleast5,000
poundsperemployeeattached,orshallbedesigned,installed,andusedasfollows:
As part of a complete personal fall arrest system which maintains a safety factor of at
leasttwo;and
Underthesupervisionofaqualifiedperson.
Personalfallarrestsystems,whenstoppingafall,shall:
1. Limit maximum arresting force on an employee to 900 pounds when used with a body
belt;
2. Limitmaximumarrestingforceonanemployeeto1,800poundswhenusedwithabody
harness;
3. Beriggedsuchthatanemployeecanneitherfreefallmorethan6feetnorcontactany
lowerlevel;
4. Bring an employee to a complete stop and limit maximum deceleration distance an
employeetravelsto3.5feet
145
5. Havesufficientstrengthtowithstandtwicethepotentialimpactenergyofanemployee
free falling a distance of 6 feet or the free fall distance permitted by the system,
whicheverisless.
NOTE:Ifthepersonalfallarrestsystemmeetsthecriteriaandifthesystemisbeingusedbyan
employee having a combined person and toolweight of less than 310 pounds , the system will
beconsideredtobeincompliancewiththeprovisionsofthissection.Ifthesystemisusedbyan
employeehavingacombinedtoolandbodyweightof310poundsormore,thentheemployer
must appropriately modify the criteria and protocols of the Appendix to provide proper
protectionforsuchheavierweights,orthesystemwillnotbedeemedtobeincompliancewith
therequirementsinparagraphsofthissection.
6. The attachment point of the body belt shall be located in the center of the wearer's
back. The attachment point of the body harness shall be located in the center of the
wearer'sbacknearshoulderlevel,orabovethewearer'shead.
7. Bodybelts,harnesses,andcomponentsshallbeusedonlyforemployeeprotectionand
nottohoistmaterials.
8. Personal fall arrest systems and components subjected to impact loading shall be
immediatelyremovedfromserviceandshallnotbeusedagainforemployeeprotection
until inspected and determined by a competent person to be undamaged and suitable
forreuse.
9. Theemployershallprovideforpromptrescueofemployeesintheeventofafallorshall
assurethatemployeesareabletorescuethemselves.
10. Personal fall arrest systems shall be inspected prior to each use for wear, damage and
otherdeterioration,anddefectivecomponentsshallberemovedfromservice.
11. Bodybeltsshallbeatleastoneandfiveeighthsincheswide.
12. Personalfallarrestsystemsshallnotbeattachedtoguardrailsystems,norshalltheybe
attachedtohoistsexceptasspecifiedinothersubpartsofthisPart.
13. Whenapersonalfallarrestsystemisusedathoistareas,itshallberiggedtoallowthe
movementoftheemployeeonlyasfarastheedgeofthewalking/workingsurface.
14. Positioning device systems. Positioning device systems and their use shall conform to
thefollowingprovisions:
15. Positioning devices shall be rigged such that an employee cannot free fall more than 2
feet.
16. Positioning devices shall be secured to an anchorage capable of supporting at least
twice the potential impact load of an employee's fall or 3,000 pounds , whichever is
greater.
17. Connectors shall be drop forged, pressed or formed steel, or made of equivalent
materials.
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18. Connectors shall have a corrosionresistant finish, and all surfaces and edges shall be
smoothtopreventdamagetointerfacingpartsofthissystem.
19. Connectingassembliesshallhaveaminimumtensilestrengthof5,000pounds.
20. Deerings and snaphooks shall be prooftested to a minimum tensile load of 3,600
poundswithoutcracking,breaking,ortakingpermanentdeformation.
21. Snaphooks shall be sized to be compatible with the member to which they are
connected to prevent unintentional disengagement of the snaphook by depression of
the snaphook keeper by the connected member, or shall be a locking type snaphook
designed and used to prevent disengagement of the snaphook by the contact of the
snaphook keeper by the connected member. As of January 1, 1998, only locking type
snaphooksshallbeused.
22. Unless the snaphook is a locking type and designed for the following connections,
snaphooksshallnotbeengaged:
directlytowebbing,ropeorwirerope;
toeachother;
toadeeringtowhichanothersnaphookorotherconnectorisattached;
toahorizontallifeline;or
to any object which is incompatibly shaped or dimensioned in relation to the
snaphook such that unintentional disengagement could occur by the connected
objectbeingabletodepressthesnaphookkeeperandreleaseitself.
23. Positioning device systems shall be inspected prior to each use for wear, damage, and
otherdeterioration,anddefectivecomponentsshallberemovedfromservice.
24. Bodybelts,harnesses,andcomponentsshallbeusedonlyforemployeeprotectionand
nottohoistmaterials.
10.11 Warning line systems.
Warninglinesystemsandtheiruseshallcomplywiththefollowingprovisions:
Thewarninglineshallbeerectedaroundallsidesoftheroofworkarea.
Whenmechanicalequipmentisnotbeingused,thewarninglineshallbeerectednotlessthan6
feetfromtheroofedge.
When mechanical equipment is being used, the warning line shall be erected not less than 6
feetfromtheroofedgewhichisparalleltothedirectionofmechanicalequipmentoperation,
and not less than 10 feet from the roof edge which is perpendicular to the direction of
mechanicalequipmentoperation.
Pointsofaccess,materialshandlingareas,storageareas,andhoistingareasshallbeconnected
totheworkareabyanaccesspathformedbytwowarninglines.
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When the path to a point of access is not in use, a rope, wire, chain, or other barricade,
equivalent in strength and height to the warning line, shall be placed across the path at the
point where the path intersects the warning line erected around the work area, or the path
shallbeoffsetsuchthatapersoncannotwalkdirectlyintotheworkarea.
Warning lines shall consist of ropes, wires, or chains, and supporting stanchions erected as
follows:
The rope, wire, or chain shall be flagged at not more than 6foot intervals with highvisibility
material;
Therope,wire,orchainshallberiggedandsupportedinsuchawaythatitslowestpointisno
lessthan34inchesfromthewalking/workingsurfaceanditshighestpointisnomorethan39
inchesfromthewalking/workingsurface;
After being erected, with the rope, wire, or chain attached, stanchions shall be capable of
resisting, without tipping over, a force of at least 16 pounds applied horizontally against the
stanchion, 30 inches above the walking/working surface, perpendicular to the warning line,
andinthedirectionofthefloor,roof,orplatformedge;
Therope,wire,orchainshallhaveaminimumtensilestrengthof500pounds,andafterbeing
attachedtothestanchions,shallbecapableofsupporting,withoutbreaking,theloadsapplied
tothestanchionsasprescribedinthissection;and
Thelineshallbeattachedateachstanchioninsuchawaythatpullingononesectionoftheline
between stanchions will not result in slack being taken up in adjacent sections before the
stanchiontipsover.
No employee shall be allowed in the area between a roof edge and a warning line unless the
employeeisperformingroofingworkinthatarea.
Mechanical equipment on roofs shall be used or stored only in areas where employees are
protected by a warning line system, guardrail system, or personal fall arrest system. Safety
monitoringsystems.and1926.502)andtheiruseshallcomplywiththefollowingprovisions:
The employer shall designate a competent person to monitor the safety of other employees
and the employer shall ensure that the safety monitor complies with the following
requirements: The safety monitor shall be competent to recognize fall hazards; The safety
monitorshallwarnotheremployeeswhenitappearsthattheyareunawareofafallhazardor
are acting in an unsafe manner; The safety monitor shall be on the same walking/working
surface and within visual sighting distance of the employee being monitored; The safety
monitor shall be close enough to communicate orally with the employee; and The safety
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monitorshallnothaveotherresponsibilitieswhichcouldtakethemonitorsattentionfromthe
monitoringfunction.
Asafetymonitoringsystemshallnotbeusedasafallprotectionsystemforanyworkotherthan
roofingworkonroofslopesof2in12orless.
The use of a safety monitoring system alone is not permitted on roofs more than 50 feet in
width.
The employer shall designate a competent person to monitor the safety of other employees
and the employer shall ensure that the safety monitor complies with the following
requirements:
Thesafetymonitorshallbecompetenttorecognizefallhazards;
Thesafetymonitorshallwarntheemployeewhenitappearsthattheemployeeisunawareofa
fallhazardorisactinginanunsafemanner;
The safety monitor shall be on the same walking/working surface and within visual sighting
distanceoftheemployeebeingmonitored;
Thesafetymonitorshallbecloseenoughtocommunicateorallywiththeemployee;and
The safety monitor shall not have other responsibilities which could take the monitor's
attentionfromthemonitoringfunction.
Mechanical equipment shall not be used or stored in areas where safety monitoring systems
arebeingusedtomonitoremployeesengagedinroofingoperations.
No employee, other than an employee engaged in roofing work shall be allowed in an area
where an employee is being protected by a safety monitoring system. The fall protection plan
shallidentifyeachlocationwhereconventionalfallprotectionmethodscannotbeused.These
locationsshallthenbedesignatedcontrolledaccesszonesandtheemployermustcomplywith
criteria in this section. Where no other alternative measure has been implemented, the
employershallimplementasafetymonitoringsysteminconformancewith1926.502.
10.12 Slide Guard Systems.
Slide Guard Systems. Slide guard systems, and their use, shall comply with the following
provisions:
Slideguardsystemsshallbeinstalledunderthesupervisionofacompetentperson.
Slideguardsshallnotbeusedonroofswithagroundtoeaveheightgreaterthan25feet.
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Slide guards shall not be used as a fall protection system on roofs with a slope less than 3:12
norgreaterthan8:12.
On roofs with slopes greater than or equal to 3:12 up to and including 6:12, at least one slide
guardshallbeplacedbelowtheworkarea,nocloserthan6inchesfromtheeave.
On roofs with slopes greater than 6:12 and not more than 8:12, multiple slide guards shall be
used,spacednomorethaneightfeetapart,vertically.Thelowerslideguardshallbenocloser
than6inchesfromtheeave.
Installationofthelowestslideguardshallbeperpendiculartotheroofsurface.Whenmultiple
slideguardsareused,theangleofinstallationfortheupperslideguardsshallnotbelessthan
60degreestotheroofsurface.
Slideguardsshallbecontinuousbelowallwalkingorworkingareas.
Personnel shall not be allowed to ascend or descend theroof slope within six feet of the rake
edgeexceptwherethatlimitationwouldpreventtheperformanceofwork.
Supplies and materials shall not be stored within 6 feet of the rake edge, or three feet where
tileroofsystemsarebeinginstalled.
Manufactured roof brackets. Manufactured roof brackets shall meet, or exceed the following
minimumsafetystandards:
Roofbracketsshallbeinstalledaccordingtothemanufacturersspecifications.
Minimum6inchbracketsshallbeused.
Allbracketsshallbearonasolidsurface.
Brackets shall not be spaced greater than 8 feet apart horizontally, or according to the
manufacturersspecifications,whicheverisless.
Nominal 2 inch by 6 inch material shall be used for slide guards, and shall be secured to the
bracketsorotherwiseprotectedagainstcantileveringandfailureduetomaterialflex.
Themanufacturersspecificationsshallbeavailableforreview.
Jobmadeslideguardsshallmeetorexceedthefollowingminimumsafetystandards:
Nominal 2 inch by 6 inch material for both vertical and horizontal members shall be used.
Verticalmembersshallbebackedtothehorizontalmembers.
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Horizontalmembersshallbeanchoredwithtwo16penny commonnailsortheequivalent,
every 4 feet, to solid bearing surfaces. Vertical members shall be anchored to the horizontal
memberswithone16penny commonnailortheequivalent,every2feet.
Theverticalmembershallbeprovidedwithfullsupportbracingeveryeightfeet,horizontally.
Engineeringspecificationsshallbeavailableforreviewwheneverdesignand/orinstallation
10.13 Covers.
Covers for holes in floors, roofs, and other walking/working surfaces shall meet the following
requirements:
Coverslocatedinroadwaysandvehicularaislesshallbecapableofsupporting,withoutfailure,
atleasttwicethemaximumaxleloadofthelargestvehicleexpectedtocrossoverthecover.
All other covers shall be capable of supporting, without failure, at least twice the weight of
employees,equipment,andmaterialsthatmaybeimposedonthecoveratanyonetime.
Allcoversshallbesecuredwheninstalledsoastopreventaccidentaldisplacementbythewind,
equipment,oremployees.
All covers shall be color coded or they shall be marked with the word "HOLE" or "COVER" to
providewarningofthehazard.
NOTE:Thisprovisiondoesnotapplytocastironmanholecoversorsteelgratesusedonstreets
orroadways.
Protection from falling objects. Falling object protection shall comply with the following
provisions:
10.14 Toeboards
, when used as falling object protection, shall be erected along the edge of the overhead
walking/workingsurfaceforadistancesufficienttoprotectemployeesbelow.
Toeboards shall be capable of withstanding, without failure, a force of at least 50 pounds
appliedinanydownwardoroutwarddirectionatanypointalongthetoeboard.
Toeboardsshallbeaminimumof31/2inchesinverticalheightfromtheirtopedgetothelevel
of the walking/working surface. They shall have not more than 1/4 inch clearance above the
walking/working surface. They shall be solid or have openings not over 1 inch in greatest
dimension.
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Where tools, equipment, or materials are piled higher than the top edge of a toeboard,
panelingorscreeningshallbeerectedfromthewalking/workingsurfaceortoeboardtothetop
ofaguardrailsystem'stoprailormidrail,foradistancesufficienttoprotectemployeesbelow.
Guardrailsystems,whenusedasfallingobjectprotection,shallhaveallopeningssmallenough
topreventpassageofpotentialfallingobjects.
Duringtheperformanceofoverhandbricklayingandrelatedwork:
No materials or equipment except masonry and mortar shall be stored within 4 feet of the
workingedge.
Excess mortar, broken or scattered masonry units, and all other materials and debris shall be
keptclearfromtheworkareabyremovalatregularintervals.
Duringtheperformanceofroofingwork:
Materialsandequipmentshallnotbestoredwithin6feetofaroofedgeunlessguardrailsare
erectedattheedge.
Materials which are piled, grouped, or stacked near a roof edge shall be stable and self
supporting.
Canopies, when used as falling object protection, shall be strong enough to prevent collapse
andtopreventpenetrationbyanyobjectswhichmayfallontothecanopy.
10.15 Training requirements.
1926.503 Training Program. The employer shall provide a training program for each
employee who might be exposed to fall hazards. The program shall enable each employee to
recognizethehazardsoffallingandshalltraineachemployeeintheprocedurestobefollowed
inordertominimizethesehazards.
Theemployershallassurethateachemployeehasbeentrained,asnecessary,byacompetent
personqualifiedinthefollowingareas:
Thenatureoffallhazardsintheworkarea;
The correct procedures for erecting, maintaining, disassembling, and inspecting the fall
protectionsystemstobeused;
The use and operation of guardrail systems, personal fall arrest systems, safety net systems,
warning line systems, safety monitoring systems, personal fall restraint systems, slide guard
systems,positioningdevices,andotherprotectiontobeused;
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Theroleofeachemployeeinthesafetymonitoringsystemwhenthissystemisused;
Thelimitationsontheuseofmechanicalequipmentduringtheperformanceofroofingwork;
The correct procedures for the handling and storage of equipment and materials and the
erectionofoverheadprotection;and
Theroleofemployeesinthefallprotectionworkplan;
Thestandardscontainedinthissubpart.
10.16 Certification of training.
The employer shall verify compliance with paragraph of this section by preparing a written
certificationrecord.Thewrittencertificationrecordshallcontainthenameorotheridentityof
theemployeetrained,thedateofthetraining,andthesignatureofthepersonwhoconducted
the training or the signature of the employer. If the employer relies on training conducted by
another employer or completed prior to the effective date of this section, the certification
recordshallindicatethedatetheemployerdeterminedthepriortrainingwasadequaterather
thanthedateofactualtraining.Thelatesttrainingcertificationshallbemaintained.
10.17 Retraining.
When the employer has reason to believe that any affected employee who has already been
trained does not have the understanding and skill required this section, the employer shall
retrain each such employee. Circumstances where retraining is required include, but are not
limited to, situations where: Changes in the workplace render previous training obsolete; or
Changes in the types of fall protection systems or equipment to be used render previous
trainingobsolete;orInadequaciesinanaffectedemployee'sknowledgeoruseoffallprotection
systemsorequipmentindicatethattheemployeehasnotretainedtherequisiteunderstanding
orskill.

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11.0 Fire Protection
TOPPSWellService,Inc.hasadoptedthisprogramforthepreventionofemployeeexposureto
firehazardsfromthefollowingOSHAregulations:
1926.150FireProtection
1910.157PortableFireExtinguishersFireProtectionandPrevention
TOPPSWellService,Inc.hasimplementedthispolicytoensurethatpropersafeworkpractices
and procedures are followed for the protection of our employees against fire/explosion
hazards. The Safety Personnel is designated as the supervisor to manage the Fire Prevention
Program. The following work practices, procedures, and engineering controls will be enforced
asanintegralpartofourCompanysafetypolicy:
The Safety Personnel will ensure that all employees are trained in the proper
operationoffireextinguishersprovidedbythecompany.
All employees will be trained in the hazards involved in incipient stagefire fighting.
Employees are instructed to ensure emergency response service is notified before
attemptingtoextinguishanyfire,andthatifafireisnotimmediatelyextinguished,
orthefirerecurstoevacuateimmediately.
Personnelaretrainedinemergencyevacuationplansforallareasofwork.
Safeassemblyareasaredesignatedforallworkareasintheeventofevacuation.
Trainingwillberequiredoninitialhiringandannuallythereafter.
All fire extinguishers will be inspected by The Safety Personnel on a monthly basis,
this inspection will be documented to be recorded with the annual maintenance
check.Recordsofinspectionwillbekeptintheoffice.
11.1 PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS.
1910.157. Scope and application. The requirements of this section apply to the placement,
use,maintenance,andtestingofportablefireextinguishersprovidedfortheuseofemployees.
Paragraph of this section does not apply to extinguishers provided for employee use on the
outside of workplace buildings or structures. Where extinguishers are provided but are not
intended for employee use and the employer has an emergency action plan and a fire
preventionplanwhichmeettherequirementsof1910.38,thenonlytherequirementsofthis
sectionapply.
Exemptions.
Where the employer has established and implemented a written fire safety policy which
requires the immediate and total evacuation of employees from the workplace upon the
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sounding of a fire alarm signal and which includes an emergency action plan and a fire
preventionplanwhichmeettherequirementsof
1910.38, and when extinguishers are not available in the workplace, the employer is exempt
from all requirements of this section unless a specific standard in Part 1910 requires that a
portablefireextinguisherbeprovided.
Where the employer has an emergency action plan meeting the requirements of 1910.38
which designates certain employees to be the only employees authorized to use the available
portable fire extinguishers, and which requires all other employees in the fire area to
immediately evacuate the affected work area upon the sounding of the fire alarm, the
employerisexemptfromthedistributionrequirementsinparagraphofthissection.
Generalrequirements.
The employer shall provide portable fire extinguishers and shall mount, locate and identify
them so that they are readily accessible to employees without subjecting the employees to
possibleinjury.
Only approved portable fire extinguishers shall be used to meet the requirements of this
section.
The employer shall not provide or make available in the workplace portable fire extinguishers
usingcarbontetrachlorideorchlorobromomethaneextinguishingagents.
Theemployershallassurethatportablefireextinguishersaremaintainedinafullychargedand
operableconditionandkeptintheirdesignatedplacesatalltimesexceptduringuse.
Theemployershallremovefromserviceallsolderedorrivetedshellselfgeneratingsodaacid
or selfgenerating foam or gas cartridge water type portable fire extinguishers which are
operatedbyinvertingtheextinguishertorupturethecartridgeortoinitiateanuncontrollable
pressuregeneratingchemicalreactiontoexpeltheagent.
Selectionanddistribution.
Portable fire extinguishers shall be provided for employee use and selected and distributed
basedontheclassesofanticipatedworkplacefiresandonthesizeanddegreeofhazardwhich
wouldaffecttheiruse.
The employer shall distribute portable fire extinguishers for use by employees on Class A fires
sothatthetraveldistanceforemployeestoanyextinguisheris75feetorless.
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The employer may use uniformly spaced standpipe systems or hose stations connected to a
sprinkler system installed for emergency use by employees instead of Class A portable fire
extinguishers, provided that such systems meet the respective requirements of 1910.158 or
1910.159, that they provide total coverage of the area to be protected, and that employees
aretrainedatleastannuallyintheiruse.
The employer shall distribute portable fire extinguishers for use by employees on Class B fires
sothatthetraveldistancefromtheClassBhazardareatoanyextinguisheris50feetorless.
TheemployershalldistributeportablefireextinguishersusedforClassChazardsonthebasisof
theappropriatepatternfortheexistingClassAorClassBhazards.
The employer shall distribute portable fire extinguishers or other containers of Class D
extinguishing agent for use by employees so that the travel distance from the combustible
metalworkingareatoanyextinguishingagentis75feetorless.Portablefireextinguishersfor
Class D hazards are required in those combustible metal working areas where combustible
metal powders, flakes, shavings, or similarly sized products are generated at least once every
twoweeks.
11.2 Inspection, maintenance and testing.
The employer shall be responsible for the inspection, maintenance and testing of all portable
fireextinguishersintheworkplace.
Portable extinguishers or hose used in lieu thereof under paragraphs of this section shall be
visually inspected monthly. The employer shall assure that portable fire extinguishers are
subjected to an annual maintenance check. Stored pressure extinguishers do not require an
internal examination. The employer shall record the annual maintenance date and retain this
recordforoneyearafterthelastentryorthelifeoftheshell,whicheverisless.Therecordshall
beavailabletotheAssistantSecretaryuponrequest.
The employer shall assure that stored pressure dry chemical extinguishers that require a 12
yearhydrostatictestareemptiedandsubjectedtoapplicablemaintenanceproceduresevery6
years. Dry chemical extinguishers having nonrefillable disposable containers are exempt from
thisrequirement.Whenrechargingorhydrostatictestingisperformed,the6yearrequirement
beginsfromthatdate.
The employer shall assure that alternate equivalent protection is provided when portable fire
extinguishersareremovedfromserviceformaintenanceandrecharging.
Hydrostatictesting.
11.3 Training and education.
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Where the employer has provided portable fire extinguishers for employee use in the
workplace, the employer shall also provide an educational program to familiarize employees
withthegeneralprinciplesoffireextinguisheruseandthehazardsinvolvedwithincipientstage
fire fighting. The employer shall provide the education required in this section upon initial
employmentandatleastannuallythereafter.
The employer shall provide employees who have been designated to use fire fighting
equipment as part of an emergency action plan with training in the use of the appropriate
equipment.
The employer shall provide the training required in paragraph of this section upon initial
assignmenttothedesignatedgroupofemployeesandatleastannuallythereafter.
1926.150FIREPROTECTION.
Generalrequirements.
The employer shall be responsible for the development of a fire protection program to be
followed throughout all phases of the construction and demolition work, and he shall provide
forthefirefightingequipmentasspecifiedinthissubpart.Asfirehazardsoccur,thereshallbe
nodelayinprovidingthenecessaryequipment.
Accesstoallavailablefirefightingequipmentshallbemaintainedatalltimes.
Allfirefightingequipment,providedbytheemployer,shallbeconspicuouslylocated.
Allfirefightingequipmentshallbeperiodicallyinspectedandmaintainedinoperatingcondition.
Defectiveequipmentshallbeimmediatelyreplaced.
As warranted by the project, the employer shall provide a trained and equipped firefighting
organizationtoassureadequateprotectiontolife.
Water supply.
Atemporaryorpermanentwatersupply,ofsufficientvolume,duration,andpressure,required
toproperlyoperatethefirefightingequipmentshallbemadeavailableassoonascombustible
materialsaccumulate.
Where underground water mains are to be provided, they shall be installed, completed, and
madeavailableforuseassoonaspracticable.
Portable firefighting equipment.
Fireextinguishersandsmallhoselines.
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A fireextinguisher, rated not less than 2A, shall be provided for each 3,000 square feet of the
protected building area, or major fraction thereof. Travel distance from any point of the
protectedareatothenearestfireextinguishershallnotexceed100feet.
One55gallonopendrumofwaterwithtwofirepailsmaybesubstitutedforafireextinguisher
havinga2Arating.
A1/2inchdiametergardentypehoseline,nottoexceed100feetinlengthandequippedwith
a nozzle, may be substituted for a 2Arated fire extinguisher, providing it is capable of
discharging a minimumof 5 gallons per minutewith a minimum hose stream range of 30 feet
horizontally. The gardentype hose lines shall be mounted on conventional racks or reels. The
number and location of hose racksor reels shall be such that at least one hose stream can be
appliedtoallpointsinthearea.
One or more fire extinguishers, rated not less than 2A, shall be provided on each floor. In
multistorybuildings,atleastonefireextinguishershallbelocatedadjacenttostairway.
Extinguishersandwaterdrums,subjecttofreezing,shallbeprotectedfromfreezing.
Afireextinguisher,ratednotlessthan10B,shallbeprovidedwithin50feetofwherevermore
than5gallonsofflammableorcombustibleliquidsor5poundsofflammablegasarebeingused
onthejobsite.Thisrequirementdoesnotapplytotheintegralfueltanksofmotorvehicles.
Carbontetrachlorideandothertoxicvaporizingliquidfireextinguishersareprohibited.
Portable fire extinguishers shall be inspected periodically and maintained in accordance with
MaintenanceandUseofPortableFireExtinguishers,NFPANo.10A1970.
Fire extinguishers which have been listed or approved by a nationally recognized testing
laboratory,shallbeusedtomeettherequirementsofthissubpart.
Tablebelowmaybeusedasaguideforselectingtheappropriateportablefireextinguishers.
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Fire hose and connections.
Onehundredfeet,orless,of11/2inchhose,withanozzlecapableofdischargingwaterat25
gallonsormoreperminute,maybesubstitutedforafireextinguisherratednotmorethan2A
inthedesignatedareaprovidedthatthehoselinecanreachallpointsinthearea.
If fire hose connections are not compatible with local firefighting equipment, the contractor
shallprovideadapters,orequivalent,topermitconnections.
During demolition involving combustible materials, charged hose lines, supplied by hydrants,
watertanktruckswithpumps,orequivalent,shallbemadeavailable.
Fixed firefighting equipment.
Sprinklerprotection.
If the facility being constructed includes the installation of automatic sprinkler protection, the
installation shall closely follow the construction and be placed in service as soon as applicable
lawspermitfollowingcompletionofeachstory.
During demolition or alterations, existing automatic sprinkler installations shall be retained in
serviceaslongasreasonable.Theoperationofsprinklercontrolvalvesshallbepermittedonly
by properly authorized persons. Modification of sprinkler systems to permit alterations or
additionaldemolitionshouldbeexpeditedsothattheautomaticprotectionmaybereturnedto
serviceasquicklyaspossible.Sprinklercontrolvalvesshallbecheckeddailyatcloseofworkto
ascertainthattheprotectionisinservice.
Standpipes. In all structures in which standpipes are required, or where standpipes exist in
structures being altered, they shallbe brought up as soon as applicable laws permit, and shall
bemaintainedasconstructionprogressesinsuchamannerthattheyarealwaysreadyforfire
protectionuse.ThestandpipesshallbeprovidedwithSiamesefiredepartmentconnectionson
the outside of the structure, at the street level, which shall be conspicuously marked. There
shallbeatleastonestandardhoseoutletateachfloor.
Firealarmdevices.
An alarm system, e.g., telephone system, siren, etc., shall be established by the employer
wherebyemployeesonthesiteandthelocalfiredepartmentcanbealertedforanemergency.
The alarm code and reporting instructions shall be conspicuously posted at phones and at
employeeentrances.
Firecutoffs.
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Fire walls and exit stairways, required for the completed buildings, shall be given construction
priority. Fire doors, with automatic closing devices, shall be hung on openings as soon as
practicable.
Firecutoffsshallberetainedinbuildingsundergoingalterationsordemolitionuntiloperations
necessitatetheirremoval.
12.0 First Aid & CPR
TOPPS Well Service, Inc. Medical Services and First Aid Policy is adopted from the following
OSHA regulations: 1926.50 Medical Services and First Aid It is the policy of TOPPS Well
Service, Inc. that training in first aid response is not a requirement for employment, but that
localEmergencyMedicalServicesareutilizedforemergencymedicalcare.TheSafetyPersonnel
isdesignatedastheadministratoroftheMedicalServicesProgram.
Medical services for employee evaluations, employment requirements, and special
conditions of work are provided to employees at no cost as specified in OSHA
requirements.
Apersonwhohasavalidcertificateinfirstaidtraining,theAmericanRedCross,or
equivalentwillbeavailableatworksitestorenderemergencyfirstaid.
Provisions will be made prior to commencement of a project for prompt medical
attentionincaseofseriousinjury.
Firstaidsupplieswillbeeasilyaccessiblewhenrequired.
Properequipmentforprompttransportationoftheinjuredpersontoaphysicianor
hospitaloracommunicationsystemforcontactingnecessaryambulanceservicewill
beprovided.
The Safety Personnel is the designated first aid provider and certified in CPR and is
responsible for rendering first aid in the event of an injury requiring immediate
response when emergency medical services are not available, and will also be
responsibleforfirstaidtrainingofanyemployeerequired.
Injuredemployeesaretobetransportedtomedicalfacilitiesbyemergencymedical
services. If emergency medical service is not available in a timely manner, the
injured employee will be transported to the nearest medical service in a company
vehiclebythejobforeman.
In areas where 911 service is not available employees will be notified of phone
numbers to contact local emergency response medical services. The Safety
Personnel will be responsible for posting of emergency phone numbers at all
jobsites.Thephonenumberswillbeconspicuouslypostedinallworklocations.
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The Safety Personnel is responsible for the accessibility of First Aid Kits and for
checking the contents of all First Aid Kits before being sent out to each job and at
leastweeklyoneachjobtoensurethattheexpendeditemsarereplaced.
Firstaidkitsarereadilyavailableinallcompanyvehiclesandinthecompanyoffice.
First aid kits will consist of appropriate items and stored in a weather proof
container with individual sealed packages of each type of item and will stock a
minimumofthefollowingitems:
1. General Firstaid Guidebook, textbook, or manual will be readily available, but not
necessarilyinsideofthefirstaidkit.
2. PAntiseptics&Ointments:
3. Alcohol
4. burngelorcream
5. alcoholswabs
6. peroxide
7. antisepticsprayandointment
8. painrelieftabs
9. 6burntreatmentsingleusepackages,0.5g.application
10. PGoodqualityeyewashsolution,witheyecup
11. P1eyecoveringbandages
12. PSelfactivatingcoldpacks,4x5inches
13. PLiquidantiseptichandsoap
14. PBluntnosesurgicalscissors
15. PForceps,Tweezers&safetypins
16. PSnakebiteKit
17. PPPEforFirstAid:
18. 3Pairlatexgloves
19. Surgicalmasks
20. CleareyeprotectionorFaceShield
21. DustMasksorotherneededFaceProtection
22. MouthtomouthbarrierforCPR
23. PLarge,sterilegauzepads
24. PCompressDressings,3each
25. PRolledgauzebandages:2 and3 wide,3each
26. PLargeboxassortedbandaids
27. PTwoelasticwrapbandages
28. PCottonballsandQtips
29. PSurgicalorathletictape;1 &2 wide,2rollseach
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Where the eyes or body of any person may be exposed to injurious corrosive
materials, suitable facilities will be provided within the work area for quick
drenchingorflushingofeyesorbody.
Eyewashbottlesareavailablewherevereyewashstationsarenotavailable,forany
employee required towork in an environment whereexposure to eye hazards may
exist.Washfacilitiesordrenchbarrelsareavailableateachjobsiteforemployees.
Procedure for flushing eyes Eye membranes absorb chemicals quickly. This can
lead to eye damage within minutes. Flood the eye with lukewarm water poured
fromalargeglasstwotothreeinchesfromtheeye.Continuefor15minutes.Blink
theeyeasmuchaspossibleduringtheflooding.Donotforcetheeyelidopenanddo
not allow the eyes to be rubbed. If lukewarm water is not available, rinse the eye
quicklyusingagentlestreamfromahoseforatleast15minutes.
ProcedurefordrenchingskinIfpoisonscomeincontactwiththeskin,theymust
beremovedasquicklyaspossible.Removecontaminatedclothingandfloodtheskin
areawithwaterfor10minutes.Thengentlywashtheskinareawithsoapandwater
and rinse. Later, destroy contaminated clothing. For a chemical skin burn, rinse the
areawithlotsofwater,removetheclothesandcoverwithasoft,cleancloth.Donot
applygreaseorointments.
It is the policy of TOPPS Well Service, Inc. that all of the requirements of OSHA
1926.50willbemet.
12.1 MEDICAL SERVICES AND FIRST AID.
1926.50 .The employer shall insure the availability of medical personnel for advice and
consultationonmattersofoccupationalhealth.
Provisions shall be made prior to commencement of the project for prompt medical attention
in case of serious injury. In the absence of an infirmary, clinic, hospital, or physician, that is
reasonably accessible in terms of time and distance to the worksite, which is available for the
treatment of injured employees, a person who has a valid certificate in first aid training from
theU.S.BureauofMines,theAmericanRedCross,orequivalenttrainingthatcanbeverifiedby
documentaryevidence,shallbeavailableattheworksitetorenderfirstaid.
Firstaidsuppliesshallbeeasilyaccessiblewhenrequired.Thecontentsofthefirstaidkitshall
be placed in a weatherproof container with individual sealed packages for each type of item,
andshallbecheckedbytheemployerbeforebeingsentoutoneachjobandatleastweeklyon
each job to ensure that the expended items are replaced. Proper equipment for prompt
transportationoftheinjuredpersontoaphysicianorhospital,oracommunicationsystemfor
contactingnecessaryambulanceservice,shallbeprovided.Inareaswhere911isnotavailable,
the telephone numbers of the physicians, hospitals, or ambulances shall be conspicuously
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posted.Wheretheeyesorbodyofanypersonmaybeexposedtoinjuriouscorrosivematerials,
suitable facilities for the quick drenching or flushing of the eyes and body shall be provided
withintheworkareaforimmediateemergencyuse.
APPENDIXAFirstAidKit&SuppliesEveryjobsiteshallhaveaccesstoatleastonefirstaidkit
inaweatherproofcontainer.Thefirstaidkitwillbeinspectedregularlytoensurethatitiswell
stocked, in sanitary condition, and any used items are promptly replaced. The contents of the
firstaid kit shall be arranged to be quickly found and remain sanitary. Firstaid dressings shall
besterileandinindividuallysealedpackages.Thefollowingminimumfirstaidsuppliesshallbe
kept:Dressingsinadequatequantitiesconsistingof:
1. AdhesivedressingsAdhesivetaperolls,
2. 1inchwideEyedressingpacket
3. 1inchgauzebandageroll
4. compress2inchgauzebandageroll
5. compress4inchgauzebandageroll
6. compressSterilegauzepads
7. 2inchsquareSterilegauzepads,
8. 4inchsquare
9. Sterilesurgicalpadssuitableforpressuredressings
10. Triangularbandages
11. SafetypinsTweezersandscissors
12. Cottontippedapplicators
13. ForcepsTonguedepressorsPetroleumjelly
14. Antibioticointment
15. Aspirin Firstaid textbook, manual, or equivalent to be readily available but not
necessarilywithinthefirstaidkit.

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13.0 Hand and Portable Powered Tools
TOPPSWellService,Inc.hasadoptedthissafetyprogramforHandandPortablePoweredTools
fromthefollowingOSHAregulations:
1910.241HandandPortablePoweredToolsandOtherHandHeldEquipment
1926.300ToolsHandandPower
TOPPS Well Service, Inc. has implemented this policy to ensure that no employee is exposed
hazards caused by improper or unsafe use of hand and portable powered tools. TOPPS Well
Service, Inc. will provide instruction and training by a Competent Person for each employee
using any such tool. The program will enable each employee to recognize hazards related to
hand and portable powered tool use and will train each employee in the procedures to be
followed to minimize these hazards. The Safety Personnel is the supervisor responsible for
ensuringthefollowinginstruction,training,andsafeworkpracticesareenforced:
The Safety Personnel will ensure that each employee has been trained or instructed by a
competentpersoninthefollowingareas,asapplicable:
All hand and power tools and similar equipment, whether furnished by TOPPS Well
Service,Inc.ortheemployee,willbemaintainedinasafecondition.
Any tool not in compliance with any applicable OSHA requirements is prohibited.
Such tools will either be identified as unsafe by tagging or locking the controls to
render them inoperable, or the defective tool will be physically removed from its
placeofoperation.
When power operated tools are designed to accommodate guards, they will be
equippedwithsuchguardswheninuse.
Guardsshallbeinplaceandoperableatalltimeswhilethetoolisinuse.Theguard
maynotbe manipulatedinsuchwaythatwillcompriseitsintegrityorcompromise
theprotectioninwhichintended.Guardingshallmeettherequirementssetforthin
ANSIB15.1.
Employeesusing hand and power tools and exposed to the hazard offalling, flying,
abrasive, and splashing objects, or exposed to harmful dusts, fumes, mists, vapors,
or gases will be provided with the appropriatePPE necessary to protect them from
thehazard.
Belts, gears, shafts, pulleys, sprockets, spindles, drums, fly wheels, chains, or other
reciprocating, rotating, or moving parts of equipment will be guarded if such parts
areexposedtocontactbyemployeesorotherwisecreateahazard.
Oneormoremethodsofmachineguardingwillbeprovidedtoprotecttheoperator
and other employees in the machine area from hazards such as those created by
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point of operation, ingoing nip points, rotating parts, flying chips, and sparks. The
pointofoperationofmachineswhoseoperationexposesanemployeetoinjury,will
beguarded.
Allfuelpoweredtoolswillbestoppedwhilebeingrefueled,serviced,ormaintained.
When fuel powered tools are used in enclosed spaces, the applicable PPE
requirementsforhazardousatmosphereswillapply.
TOPPS Well Service, Inc. employees are required to follow these general
requirementsforsafehandheldpowertooluse:
13.1 General Power Tool Use
Do not allow anyone to use power tools that has not been properly instructed and
approvedintheprocessesofsafeoperation.
Befamiliarwithyourpowertools. Whenusinganewtool,oronethatisforeignto
you, take some me to testrun it and get a feel for its performance. Read and
understand the operators manual and follow its instructions. Prior to its use, do a
visualandoperationalinspectiontoensuresafemechanicalfunction.
Eyeprotectionisextremelyimportantandmustalwaysbewornwhenusingpower
tools. When operations present potential eye injuries, adequate and appropriate
protection must be selected. Use a face shield, protective goggles, or approved
safetyglassesdependingonthejobperformed.
Hearingprotectionisrequiredduetotheextremenoiselevelsgenerated,especially
duringextendedoperatingsessions.
Dependingonthematerialbeingcut,glovescanbehelpfulandarespiratorordust
maskmayberequired.
Wear clothing appropriate for power tools use; avoid long, loose shirtsleeves,
neckwear,oruntiedlonghair.
Check that the electrical circuit to be used is of the proper rating and that cords,
plugs, and fittings are intact and secure. All power tools must be grounded unless
theyaredoubleinsulated.
Use only extension cords that are free of splices, taps, bare wires, or frayed and
deterioratedinsulation.Use3prongadaptors.
Ensure all power tools are equipped with proper shields and guards, as
recommended by the manufacturer. The guards are designed and engineered for
theoperatorssafety.
Operate only properly maintained equipment. Check that springloaded on/off
triggerswitchfunctionsproperly.
Ifanyoperationalproblemsarenoted,removethepowertoolsfromserviceandget
itrepairedimmediately.
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Whenrepairingtools,orchangingblades,bitsand/orcutters,alwaysdisconnectthe
powersource.
Removechuckkeysorarborwrenchesbeforeusingthetool.
Whenpossible,alwayssecureyourworkonastableplatformusingclampsorvices.
Unsafe practices and inadequate housekeeping create potentially dangerous work
zones; keep the work area free of trip hazards such as tangled power cords,
clutteredmaterial,scraps,bricks,orotherobstaclesandobstructions.
Be aware of your surroundings and always on the lookout for hazards. Avoid using
powertoolsinawetenvironment.
Alwaysusethepropertoolforthejob.Whennotinuse,storetoolsinadry,secure
location.
13.2 PowderActuated Tools
TOPPSWellService,Inc.employeesarerequiredtofollowthesegeneralrequirementsforsafe
powderactuatedtooluse:
Operators and assistants using tools must use eye, head, and face protection as
requiredbyworkingconditions.
Inspectthetoolbeforeusetoensurethatitisclean,thatallmovingpartsarefree,
andthatthebarrelisfreeofdebrisorobstructions.
The muzzle end of the tool must have a guard at least 3 in diameter to confine
anyflyingfragmentsthatmightcreateahazard.
Ifatoolisdefective,itmustbetakenoutofuseuntilitisproperlyrepaired.
Toolsaretoremainunloadeduntiltheyaretobeused.
Neverpointatoolloaded,orunloadedatanyone.
In case of a misfire, the tool must be held in the operating position for at least 30
seconds, tried a second time, then wait another 30 seconds before unloading in
strictaccordancewithmanufacturersinstructions.
Never leave a tool unattended where it would be available to unauthorized
personnel.
Fasteners must not be driven into exceptionally hard materials such as cast iron,
glazedtile,hardenedsteel,glassblock,orrock.
A backing must be used on soft materials to prevent fastener from passing
completelythroughandbecomingaflyinghazard.
Fasteners must not be driven through an existing hole unless means of positive
alignmentisavailable.
Fasteners may not be driven into a cracked or fractured area caused by a previous
fastener.
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Toolsmustnotbeusedinanexplosiveorflammableatmosphere.
Requirementsforloadsandfasteners:
There must be a standard means of identifying the power level of loads being used in
thepowderactuatedtools.
Noloadmaybeusedinexcessofdesignspecificationsforalowvelocitytool.
Fastenersusedintoolsmustbeonlythosedesignedtobeusedinsuchtools.
CircularSaws
TOPPSWellService,Inc.employeesarerequiredtofollowthesesafetyguidelineswhen
usingacircularsaw:
Eye protection is extremely important and must always be worn when using circular
saws. When operations present potential eye injuries, adequate and appropriate
protection must be selected. Use a face shield, protective goggles, or approved safety
glassesdependingonthejobtobeperformed.
Hearing protection may be required due to the extreme noise levels generated,
especiallyduringextendeduse.
Arespiratorordustmaskmayberequired,dependingonthematerialbeingcut.
Donotwearlooseclothing,longsleeves,orgloveswhileoperatingacircularsaw.
Checkthattheelectricalcircuittobeusedisoftheproperratingandthatcords,plugs,
and fittings are intact and secure. All circular saws must be grounded unless they are
doubleinsulated.
deterioratedinsulation.Donotuseextensionsover100ft.longduetothepowerdrop.
Operate only properly maintained equipment. Check that the springloaded on/off
trigger switch functions properly. If any operational problems are noted, remove the
circularsawfromserviceandgetitrepairedimmediately.
circularsawsinawetenvironment.
Always cut material on an elevated work platform. Never attempt to cut any material
lyingonthegroundorbysimplyholdingthematerialinyouroppositehand.
Beawareofthepositionofthecord.Alwaysclearthecordbeforemakingthecut.
Inspectallmaterialpriortocutting.Lookfordefectssuchasknotsinthewood,nailsand
screws,oranyobstructionthatmayimpedethecut.
Always inspect the saw prior to operation, ensuring the blade is tight and guards are
fullyfunctional.
Neverpinbackorotherwisedisabletheretractableguard.
Unplugthesawwhenchangingbladesormakingadjustmentsfordepthorangle.
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After tightening the blade or making other adjustments, be sure to remove wrench
beforeoperatingthecircularsaw.
Maintain the saw and use only sharp blades or nondefective abrasive wheels free of
distortion, cracks, or heat damage. A ring test will be performed on blades prior to
installationtodeterminesoundness.
Alwaysstoreanddiscardsawbladesinasaferesponsiblemanner.
When the saw is not in use unplug the saw and place the saw out of the way with the
bladefacingdown.
Always use the proper tool for the job. When not in use, store circular saws in a dry,
securelocation.
13.3 Miter Saws
TOPPSWellService,Inc.employeesarerequiredtofollowthesesafetyguidelineswhenusinga
mitercutoffsaw:
Do not ever, under any circumstances, allow anyone to use a chop saw that has not
beenproperlyinstructedandapprovedintheprocessesofitssafeoperation.
Prior to its use, do a visual and operational inspection to ensure safe mechanical
functionofthesaw:
Make certain all blade guards are in place and working smoothly. Removing or pinning
backguardsisnotonlyextremelyhazardous;itisconsideredaserioussafetyviolation.
Checkthebladetobesurethatitisstraightandthearborboltistight.
Ensuretheconstantpressure triggerswitchoperatesproperly.
Checkthattheelectricalcords,plugs,andfittingsareintactandsecure.Frayedcordsare
notpermissible.
Besurethatarborwrenchesorkeyswerenotinadvertentlyleftbehindonthemachine
duringabladechange.
When settingup the cutting station, it is important that the saw is positioned in a
manner that the work pieces point of contact with the cutting edge can be easily
viewedwithoutstrainingorstooping.
Makesuretheworkzoneislevelandfreeoftriphazardssuchastangledpowercords,
cluttered material piles, scraps, stones, bricks, or other obstacles and obstructions.
Avoidunsafedistractionsbysettingupawayfromhightrafficareas.
Ensure the saws table or platform being used is stable and does not wobble. Be sure
thataccessorybenchesaresteadyandsturdy;getassistancewhenneeded.
During cuts, keep blade speeds at recommended levels; overpressure on cuts will
createhazardoussituations.
169
Hearingprotectionisrequiredduetotheextremesonicandacousticallevelsgenerated,
especiallyduringextendedcutting.
Eyeprotectionmustalwaysbewornwhenusingachopsaw.
Dependingonthematerialbeingcut,adustmaskmayberequired.
Wearclothingappropriatewithchopsawuse;avoidlong,looseshirtsleeves,neckwear,
oruntiedlonghair.
Ifanyoperationalproblemsarenoted,removethesawfromserviceandgetitrepaired
immediately.
Proper care and maintenance should always be given the saw. Damage usually occurs
duringcarelesstransport,handling,andstorageofthetool.
Allowonlyqualifiedpersonneltomakerepairstothesaw.
13.4 Drills
TOPPS Well Service, Inc. employees are required to follow these safety guidelines when using
drills:
Do not allow anyone to use an electric drill that has not been properly trained in the
processesofsafeportabledrillingoperations.
Operateonlyproperlymaintainedequipment.Beforeuse,carefullyinspectthemachine
for obvious defects that could cause malfunctions. Ensure the tools power cord is
secure and intact, the trigger switch functions properly, and that all fasteners and
attachments are tight and correctly fitted. When possible, operate the tool using both
handsandfollowthemanufacturersoperatinginstructions.
Eye protection is extremely important and must always be worn when doing overhead
operations. When operations present potential eye injuries, appropriate protection
must be selected. Depending on the task, use a face shield, protective goggles, or
approvedsafetyglasses.
Be familiar with the power drill being used. When using a new or unfamiliar tool, take
metotestrun itandgetafeelforitsperformance.
Wear clothing appropriate for drilling or boring; avoid long, loose shirtsleeves,
neckwear,oruntiedlonghair.
Checkthattheelectricalcircuittobeusedisoftheproperratingandthatcords,plugs,
andfittingsareintactandsecure.
deterioratedinsulation.Use3prongadaptors.
Selectthecorrectdrillandbitforthejobandmountitsecurelyinthechuck.Avoidusing
bitsthataredullorbent.
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Whenpossible,alwayssecureyourworkonastableplatformusingclampsorvices.The
workpiecemustbesecuredsoitdoesnotmove.
Prior to beginning drilling operations, inspect each work piece for nails, knots, or flaws
thatcouldcausethetooltobuckorjump.
Turnontheswitchforamomenttoseeifthebitisproperlycenteredandrunningtrue.
Withtheswitchoff,placethepointofthebitinthepunchedlayoutorpilothole.
Holdthedrillfirmlyinoneorbothhandsandatthecorrectdrillingangle.
Turn on the switch and feed the drill into the workpiece. The pressure required will
varywiththesizeofthedrill,thediameterofthedrillbit,andthekindofmaterialbeing
drilled.
During operation, keep the drill aligned with the direction of the hole. Keep your free
handawayfrompointofoperation.
Ifanyoperationalproblemsarenoted,removethedrillfromserviceandgetitrepaired
immediately.
Whenrepairingtoolsorchangingbits,alwaysdisconnectthepowersource.
Unsafe practices and inadequate housekeeping create potentially dangerous work
zones; keep the work area free of trip hazards such as tangled power cords, cluttered
material,scraps,stones,bricks,orotherobstaclesandobstructions.
electricdrillsinawetenvironment.
13.5 Portable Abrasive Wheels
handheldgrindersorotherportableabrasivewheels:
Employees using grinding tools and/or are exposed to the hazards of falling, flying,
abrasive, and splashing objects, or exposed to harmful dusts, fumes, or vapors will be
provide with, and compelled to use, the particular personal protective equipment
necessary to protect them from the hazard. This equipment includes eye and face,
respiratory, hearing, and hand protection and will be properly maintained to meet all
applicablestandards.
All power grinding tools will be maintained in a safe condition. When these tools are
designed to accommodate guards, they will be in place when the tool is in use. Safety
guards will be strong enough to retain flying fragments and withstand the effects of a
burstingwheel.
All grinding machines will be supplied with sufficient power to maintain safe spindle
speedsundernormaloperatingconditions.
171
All abrasive wheels will be carefully inspected and ringtested before mounting to
ensurethattheyarefreefromcracksordefects.Toperformasoundorring
137
test,wheelsshouldbetappedgentlywithalight,nonmetallicinstrument.Iftheysound
cracked or dead, they could fly apart during operations and should be discarded. An
intact,undamagedwheelwillgiveaclearmetallictoneorring .
Onlyportablegrinderswithwheels2inchesindiameterorlessmaybeequippedwitha
positive on/off control switch. Grinders with wheels greater than 2 inches in diameter
will be equipped with a momentary contact on/off switch and may have a lockon
control.
Grinders will be used on a 3wire grounded circuit or be of the approved double
insulated type. Using the tools power cord for hoisting or lowering will not be
permitted.
Allgrinding/cuttingwheelswillfitfreelyonthespindleandmustnotbeforcedon.The
spindlenutwillbetightenedonlyenoughtoholdthewheelinplace.
When grinding metal, it is easy to leave razorsharp edges; be sure you take them off
beforewalkingawayfromaworkpiece.
13.6 Pneumatic Nailers and Staplers
TOPPS Well Service, Inc. employees are required to follow these safety guidelines while
operatingpneumaticnailersandstaplers:
Never allow anyone to operate these tools without first being properly instructed in
theirsafeuse
Appropriate Personal Protective Equipment must be worn at all times when using
compressedairtoolsandequipment.
Pneumatic powered tools must be secured to the hose by some positive means to
preventthetoolfrombecomingaccidentallydisconnected
All pneumatically powered nailers, staplers, or other similar equipment with automatic
feed,thatoperateatover100psiatthetool,musthaveasafetydeviceonthemuzzle
to prevent the tool from cycling and ejecting fasteners, unless the muzzle is in contact
withtheworksurface.
Compressedairmustnotbeusedtocleanexceptwherepressureisreducedtolessthan
30psi.The30psiruledoesnotapplytoconcreteforms,millscale,andsimilarcleaning
purposes.
The manufacturers safe operating pressure for hoses, pipes, valves, filters, and other
fittingsmustnotbeexceeded.
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Avoid horseplay when using air guns . Accidentally discharged fasteners can easily
penetratefleshandbone.
Safety features should be left intact or you could nail your foot to the deckit does
happen.
Alwayswearappropriateeyeprotectionwhenusinganyairgun.
Hearingprotectionisoftenrequireddependingonthenoiselevel.
Readtheownersmanualandoperatethetoolaccordingtomanufacturersguidelines.
Ensurethattoolsareproperlymaintainedandareingoodworkingcondition.
Never exceed manufacturers recommended working pressures and never use more
pressurethannecessary.Excessivepressureexertsmoreforce,causinghardercycles.It
ishardontoolsandgeneratesmoreflyingdebris.
Alwayskeepthenoseofthetoolpointedtowardtheworkpieceordownwardwhenair
charged.Neverpointthetooltowardsyourselforothers.
Duringuse,holdthenoseofthegunfirmlyagainsttheworkpiece.
Ensure all safety features are intact and operational. Make sure they are not disabled
andarefunctioningproperly.
Always disconnect tool from air supply when clearing a jam or when not in use. Keep
hosesandfittingsingoodcondition.
Never carry an airgun with your finger on the trigger. Accidental discharge and injury
mayresult.
Tieoff and secure the air hose when working on a roof or scaffold to prevent the tool
fromfallingonothers.
Always move forward when working a nailer or stapler on a roof so you do not
inadvertentlytriporfallfromtheroof.
Never use volatile bottled gas to operate pneumatic fasteners or operate air guns
aroundflammables;sparksmaycauseafire.
Keepyourfreehandclearofairgunsnoseduringuse.
Safetyclipsorretainersmustbesecurelyinstalledandmaintainedonpneumaticimpact
toolstopreventattachmentsfrombeingaccidentallyexpelled.
13.7 Air Compressors
TOPPS Well Service, Inc. employees are required to follow these safety guidelines while
operatingaircompressors:
Every air receiver must be equipped with a pressure indicator gauge with one or more
springloadedsafetyvalves.
Pressuregaugesmustbelocatedsoastobereadilyvisible.
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The pressure relief safety valves may not exceed the rated working pressure of the air
receivingtank.
Novalveofanytypemaybeplacedbetweenthesafetyvalveandtheairreceiver.
Safety valves, pressure gauges, regulators, and other controlling devices must be
designedandinstalledsothattheycannotbeeasilyrenderedinoperativebyanymeans,
includingweatherelements.
All safety valves must be tested at frequent intervals to determine proper operating
condition.
Adrainpipeandvalvemustbeinstalledatthelowestpointofanyairreceivertoprovide
forthefrequentandcompleteremovalofaccumulatedoilandwater.
Never install compressors on an unrated air tank. The air receiver tank must be rated
equaltoorhigherthanoriginalequipment.
Ifpressuregaugesorpressurereliefvalvesaredamaged,replacethemwithcompatible
equipmentbeforeusingthecompressor.
Ifacompressedairstoragetankisdented,deeplygouged,orbadlyrusted,compressor
mustberemovedfromservice.
Donotusecompressedairtopressurizebarrels,pipes,orothercontainersnotdesigned
orintendedaspressurevessels.
If an air receiver is equipped with a quick connect/release fitting, make sure the lock
collar is fully engaged when hose is connected. When the hose is released from the
fitting,firmlygraspthehoseclosetothefittingbeforereleasingthelockcollar.
Before servicing a compressor, disconnect it from the power source and bleed the
pressurefromthetank.
Pulleysandbeltsoncompressormotorsandpumpsmustbeproperlyguarded.
Ifusingagaspoweredcompressor,enginemustbeshutoffbeforerefueling.
Ifanelectricpoweredcompressor,checkpowercordforcutsandabrasions,ifthecord,
plug,oranycomponentsaredamaged,replacebeforeuse.
13.8 Hand Tools
TOPPS Well Service, Inc. employees are required to follow these safety guidelines when
usinghandtools:
General Tools: Always wear Personal Protective Equipment that is appropriate for the
handtoolbeingused.
Damaged,wornout,ordefectivetoolsshouldbetaggedandremovedfromservice.Do
notperform"makeshift"repairstotools.
Neveruseatoolifitshandlehassplinters,burrs,cracks,splitsoriftheheadofthetool
isloose.
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Do not use impact tools such as hammers, chisels, punches or steel stakes that have
mushroomedheads.
Whenhandingatooltoanotherperson,directsharppointsandcuttingedgesdownand
awayfromyourselfandtheotherperson.
Carry all sharp tools in a sheath or holster. Do not carry sharp or pointed hand tools
such as screwdrivers, scribes, snips, scrapers, chisels or files in your pocket unless the
toolissheathed.Transporthandtoolsonlyintoolboxesortoolbelts.
Use tied off containersto keep tools from falling off scaffolds and other elevatedwork
platforms.
Avoid carrying tools in your hand when you are climbing. Carry tools in tool belts or
hoistthetoolstotheworkareausingahandline.
Donotthrowtoolsfromonelocationtoanotherorfromoneemployeetoanother.
Hammers:Donotuseahammerifyourhandsareoily,greasyorwet.
Never strike another hardened steel tool or surface, such as a cold chisel, with a claw
hammer.
Avoidstrikingnailsorotherobjectswiththe"cheek"ofthehammer.
Donotstrikeonehammeragainstanotherhammer.
Neveruseahammerasawedgeoraprybar.
HandSaws:Whenusingahandsaw,holdtheworkpiecefirmlyagainsttheworktable.
Do not use an adjustable blade saw, such as a hacksaw or a coping saw, if the blade is
nottaut.
Avoidusinganysawwithadullblade;alwayskeepbladescleanandsharp.
Keephandsandfingersawayfromthepointofcutwhenusinganysaw.
Nevercarryahandsawbytheblade.
Screwdrivers:Donotuseascrewdriverifyourhandsarewet,oilyorgreasy.
Alwaysmatchthesizeandtypeofscrewdriverbladetofittheheadofthescrew.
Neverholdtheworkpieceagainstyourbodywhileusingascrewdriver.
Avoidputtingyourfingersnearthebladeofthescrewdriverwhentighteningascrew.
Useadrill,nail,oranawltomakeastartingorpilotholeforscrews.
Donotforceascrewdriverbyusingahammerorpliersonit.
Neveruseascrewdriverasapunch,chisel,prybar,ornailpuller.
When performing electrical work, ensure the screwdriver has a properly insulated
handle.
Pliers:Donotusepliersthatarecracked,brokenorsprung.
Neverusepliersasawrenchorahammer.
Donotattempttoforcepliersbyusingahammeronthem.
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When you are performing electrical work, use pliers that have properly insulated
handles.
When using diagonal cutting pliers, shield the loose pieces of cut material from flying
intotheair.
13.9 Wrenches
wrenches:
Inspectthewrenchcarefullybeforeuseanddonotuseifdamaged.
Discard any wrench that has spread, nicked or battered jaws, or if the handle is loose,
brokenorbent.
Alwaysusethepropersizewrenchforthejob.Aslippingwrenchcandamageboltheads
andnutsandcausepersonalinjury.Donotuseashimtomakeawrenchfitthefastener.
Useawrenchthatgivesastraight,cleanpull.Ifyoumustpushthewrench,usetheheel
ofyourhand;donotwrapyourfingersaroundthetool.
Donotcockthewrenchinamannerthatputsastrainonthepointsofcontact;thiscan
leadtotoolfailure.Keepthewrenchflushwithbolthead.
Avoid using a pipe or other cheater bars to extend the length of a wrench. Under
excessiveforce,thewrenchorboltcansliporbreak.
Do not use a hammer with a wrench unless the wrench has been specifically designed
forthispurpose.
Replacecracked,worn,ortweaked wrenches.
Donotattempttostraightenabentwrench.Itwillonlyweakenitfurther.
Do not substitute slipjoint pliers for a wrench; the pliers can slip and damage the bolt
headsandnutsandcausehandinjuries.
Sockets designed for use with hand wrenches should not be interchanged on air or
impactwrenches;thiscanresultindamageorinjury.
Whenusingairimpactorotherairwrenches,weareyeprotectiontosafeguardagainst
blowingdebris.Useonlyheavydutyhardenedsockets.
Use a torque wrench for tightening only. Never use torque wrenches to break nuts or
boltsloose;theyaredesignedtomeasuretightness.
Besurethejawsonyoupipewrenchesarestillsharpasunexpectedslippagecancause
injury.
13.10 Jacks lever and ratchet, screw, and hydraulic
jacks:
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The manufacturer's rated capacity will be legibly marked on all jacks and will not be
exceeded.
Alljackswillhaveapositivestoptopreventovertravel.
Whenitisnecessarytoprovideafirmfoundation,thebaseofthejackwillbeblockedor
cribbed. Where there is a possibility of slippage of the metal cap of the jack, a wood
blockwillbeplacedbetweenthecapandtheload.
Aftertheloadhasbeenraised,itwillbecribbed,blocked,orotherwisesecuredatonce.
Hydraulic jacks exposed to freezing temperatures will be supplied with an adequate
antifreezeliquid.
Alljackswillbeproperlylubricatedatregularintervals.
Each jack will be thoroughly inspected at times which depend upon the service
conditions.Inspectionswillbenotlessfrequentthanthefollowing:
Forconstantorintermittentuseatonelocality,onceevery6months,
Forjackssentoutofshopforspecialwork,whensentoutandwhenreturned,
For a jack subjected to abnormal load or shock, immediately before and immediately
thereafter.
Repairorreplacementpartswillbeexaminedforpossibledefects.
Jackswhichareoutoforderwillbetaggedaccordingly,andwillnotbeuseduntilrepairs
aremade.

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14.0 Hazard Communication
TOPPS Well Service, Inc. has adopted this policy for Hazard Communication from OSHA
regulation:
1910.1200HazardCommunication
TOPPSWellService,Inc.hasimplementedthisprogramtoensurethatemployeesareinformed
ofanychemicalhazardsandhazardousortoxicsubstancesintheirworkplace:
TheSafetyPersonnelistheadministratoroftheCompanyHazardCommunicationProgram,and
will document all necessary training of employees. TOPPS Well Service, Inc. will provide
employees and new hires at their initial assignment effective information and training on
hazardouschemicalsintheirworkareathatwillinclude:
Requirementsofthisprogram.
Anyoperationsintheirworkareawherehazardouschemicalsarepresent.
Location of written hazard communication program, listing of hazardous chemicals
present&MSDS.
Methods and/or observations that may be used to detect the presence or release of
hazardouschemicalsbyuseofmonitoringdevices,visualappearance,orodor.
Thephysical&healthhazardsofchemicalsintheworkarea.
Protection measures to be utilized to prevent exposure, appropriate work practices,
emergencyprocedures,andproperPPEtobeused.
Details of the hazard communication program, explanation of the labeling system and
theMSDSandhowemployeescanobtain&usetheappropriatehazardinformation.
TOPPS Well Service, Inc. will develop, implement, and maintain at each workplace a
written hazard communication program that describes how labels and other forms of
warning,materialsafetydatasheets,andemployeeinformationwillbeaccomplished.
Employees will be notified of any hazardous substances used by any company other
thanTOPPSWellService,Inc.intheworkplace,andmakeMSDSavailabletoemployees.
Allcontainersusedonthejobwillbelabeledforcontent,andprecautionsifsubstance
containedishazardous.Materialswillbeleftintheirmanufacturerscontainer,returned
to the container immediately after use, or any unused portion disposed of properly. If
labelsbecomeillegibleforanyreason,anewlabelwillbeaffixedcontainingallrequired
precautionaryinformation,orthematerialdisposedofproperly.
AlistofallchemicalsknowntobeusedattheworkplacebyCompanyemployeeswillbe
available for review at the jobsite and in the office. MSDS for all chemicals used in the
workplace by TOPPS Well Service, Inc. are available to employees at the worksite from
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the job foreman or in the office. Following is a list of all known hazardous chemicals
usedbyTOPPSWellService,Inc.personnelintheworkplace:
The Safety Personnel will ensure that each container of hazardous chemicals in the
workplaceislabeled,tagged,ormarkedwiththefollowinginformation:
Identityofthehazardouschemicalcontainedtherein.
Appropriatehazardwarnings,oralternatively,words,pictures,symbols,orcombination
thereof, which provides at least general information regarding the hazards of the
chemicals, and which, in conjunction with the other information immediately available
to employees under this Hazard Communication Program. Employees will be provided
withthespecificinformationregardingthephysicalandhealthhazardsofthehazardous
chemical.
Nameandaddressofthechemicalmanufacturer,importer,orotherresponsibleparty.
The Safety Personnel will ensure that labels or other forms of warning in English are
legible,andprominentlydisplayedonthecontainer,orreadilyavailableintheworkarea
throughouteachworkshift.
When TOPPS Well Service, Inc. has employees who are nonEnglish speaking,
informationshallbepresentedintheirlanguageaswell.
Changes of job assignments, changes in materials used, or any nonroutine tasks
involving hazardous substances or conditions will require notification and/or retraining
of effected employees. The Safety Personnel will inform or retrain employees of any
new or additional hazards, detail methods of hazard abatement or elimination, and
provideproperpersonalprotectiveequipmentorengineeringcontrolsnecessaryforthe
job. Notifications and retraining will be documented as to name of employee, date,
descriptionofactiontaken,andverificationbyTheSafetyPersonnel.
AcopyoftheCompanysHazardCommunicationProgramisavailabletoallemployees,
andwillbekeptateachjobsitebytheforemanincharge,orintheoffice.Translationsof
the hazard communication program are available to nonEnglish speaking employees
uponrequestfromTheSafetyPersonnel.
CompanyHazardCommunicationPlan&ProgramFollowsThisPage

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14.1 Communication Plan & Program
GeneralPolicyStatement
The management of TOPPS Well Service, Inc. is committed to preventing accidents and
ensuringthesafetyandhealthofouremployees.Wewillcomplywithallapplicablefederaland
state health and safety rules and provide a safe, healthful environment for all our employees.
This written hazardcommunication plan is available at the following location for review by all
employees:
TOPPSWellService,Inc.CompanyOffice
MontezumaCreek,Utah
14.2 Container Labeling
All hazardous chemical containers used at this workplace will clearly identify the chemical on
the label, and include an appropriate hazard warning and the manufacturers name and
address.
All containers used on the job must be labeled for content and precautions if substance
containedishazardous.Materialswillbeleftintheirmanufacturerscontainerwherepossible.
When hazardous materials are transferred to other containers for ease of use, the container
will be clearly marked for content, and any remaining material returned to its original
manufacturerscontainerimmediatelyafteruse.
If labels become illegible for any reason, a new label must be affixed containing all required
information,orthematerialdisposedofproperly.
Nocontainerwillbereleasedforuseuntilthisinformationisverified.TheSafetyPersonnelwill
ensurethatallcontainersarelabeledwithacopyoftheoriginalmanufacturerslabeloralabel
thathastheappropriateidentificationandhazardwarning.
14.3 Material Safety Data Sheets
Material safety data sheets are readily available to all employees of TOPPS Well Service, Inc..
Employees can review material safety data sheets for all hazardous chemicals used at this
workplace. MSDS are kept with the hazard communication plan at the office location listed
above.ThematerialsafetydatasheetsareupdatedandmanagedbyTheSafetyPersonnel.Ifa
material safety data sheet is not available for a hazardous chemical, before use, notify The
SafetyPersonnel,andaMSDSwillbeobtainedforthechemicaltobeused.
14.4 Employee Training
Before they start their jobs, new employees will receive hazard communication training that
coversthefollowingtopics:
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An overview of the requirements in OSHAs CFR 29 1910.1200 hazard communication
rules.
Hazardouschemicalspresentintheirworkplace.
Thewrittenhazardcommunicationplanandwhereitmaybereviewed.
Physicalandhealtheffectsofthehazardouschemicals.
Methodsusedtodeterminethepresenceorreleaseofhazardouschemicalsinthework
area.
How to reduce or prevent exposure to these hazardous chemicals through use of
control/workpracticesandpersonalprotectiveequipment.
Stepswehavetakentoreduceorpreventexposuretothesechemicals.
Emergencyprocedurestofollowifanemployeeisexposedtothesechemicals.
Howtoreadlabelsandreviewmaterialsafetydatasheets.
After attending the training, each employee will sign a company training form verifying that
theyunderstandtheabovetopicsandhowthetopicsarerelatedtoourhazardcommunication
plan.
14.5 Hazardous Chemicals List
Thefollowinglistidentifiesallhazardouschemicalsusedatthisworkplace.Detailedinformation
about the physical and health effects of each chemical is included in a material safety data
sheet; the identity of each chemical on the list matches the identity of the chemical on its
material safety data sheet. Material safety data sheets are readily available to employees in
theirworkareas.
ProductorBrandName
Manufacturer
HazardousIngredient
HazardousNonRoutineTasks
Before employees perform nonroutine tasks that may expose them to hazardous chemicals,
theywillbeinformedbytheirsupervisorsaboutthechemicalshazards.Theirsupervisorsalso
willinformthemaboutthesafeworkpracticesnecessarytocontrolexposureandwhattodoin
an emergency. Examples of nonroutine tasks that may expose employees to hazardous
chemicalsincludethefollowing:
14.5 Hazardous Chemicals in Pipes, Closed, or Hidden Systems
Before working in areas where hazardous chemicals are transferred through pipes or where
pipes are insulated with asbestoscontaining material, employees will contact Company
Managementforthefollowinginformation:
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Thechemicalsinthepipes.
Thephysicalorhealtheffectsofthechemicalsortheasbestosinsulation.
Thesafeworkpracticestopreventexposure.
Notification of Contractors
It is the responsibility of the assigned job foreman to provide any workplace associated
contractors and their employees with the following information if they may be exposed to
hazardouschemicalsinourworkplace:
The identity of the chemicals, how to review material safety data sheets, and an
explanationofthecontainerandpipelabelingsystem.
Safeworkpracticestopreventexposure.
This person will also obtain a material safety data sheet for any hazardous chemical a
contractorbringsintotheworkplacetowhichanemployeeofTOPPSWellService,Inc.maybe
exposed.
14.6 Hazard Communication in the Workplace
The essence of hazard communication is a warning. We use thousands of chemical products
throughout our lives, at home and at work. However, most of us would be hardpressed to
distinguish safe products from hazardous ones without a warning the familiar skulland
crossbones, for example. The warning tells us the product is hazardous, that it can harm us if
weuseitimproperly.
In the workplace, hazard communication ensures that workers who may be exposed to
hazardous chemicals know about the chemicals hazards and understand how to protect
themselvesfromexposure.
14.7 The Hazard Communication Process
Hazard communication begins when chemical manufacturers and importers evaluate their
products to determine each products chemical hazards. Next, they prepare a Material Safety
Data Sheet known by the abbreviation MSDS for each product. An MSDS includes detailed
informationaboutthe productshazards.ManufacturersandimportersmustincludeanMSDS
andawarninglabelwitheachcontainerofproductthattheyshiptoacustomer.
The part of the process that affects your workplace is the Wrien HazardCommunication
Plan. The plan identifies hazardous chemicals at your workplace and describes how you will
use material safety data sheets, warning labels, and training to protect employees and keep
informedabouttheproductschemicalhazards.
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14.8 Definition of a Hazardous Chemical
OSHAs hazardcommunicaon rule, 1910.1200, denes a hazardous chemical as any
element,chemicalcompound,ormixturethatisaphysicalhazardorahealthhazard.
Chemicalsthatarephysicalhazards
Chemicalsthatarephysicalhazardsareunstableand,whenhandledimproperly,cancausefires
orexplosions.Achemicalthatisaphysicalhazardhasoneofthefollowingcharacteristics:
Isacombustibleliquid.
Isacompressedgas.
Isexplosive.
Isflammable.
Iswaterreactive.
Itstartsorpromotescombustioninothermaterials.
Itcanignitespontaneouslyinair.
14.9 Chemicals that are health hazards
Chemicals that are health hazards can damage an exposed persons tissue, vital organs, or
internal systems. Generally, the higher the chemicals toxicity the lower the amount or dose
necessary for it to have harmful effects. The effects vary from person to person, ranging from
temporary discomfort to permanent damage, depending on the dose, the toxicity, and the
durationofexposuretothechemical.
Health effects range from shortduration symptoms that often appear immediately to
persistent symptoms that usually appear after longer exposures . Health effects can be
classifiedbyhowtheyaffecttissue,vitalorgans,orinternalsystems:
Agentsthatdamagethelungs,skin,eyes,ormucousmembranes
Carcinogenscausecancer
Corrosivesdamagelivingtissue
Hematopoieticagentsaffectthebloodsystem
Hepatotoxinscauseliverdamage
Sensitizerscauseallergicreactions&Irritantscauseinflammationoflivingtissue
Nephrotoxinsdamagecellsortissuesofthekidneys
Neurotoxinsdamagetissuesofthenervoussystem
Reproductive toxins damage reproductive systems, endocrine systems, or a developing
fetus
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14.10 Determine chemical hazardous
Achemicalishazardousifitislistedinoneofthefollowingdocuments:
OSHADivision2,SubdivisionZsafetyandhealthrules,ToxicandHazardousSubstances;
Division 3, Subdivision Z, Toxic and Hazardous Substances ; Division 4, Subdivision Z,
Chemical/Toxins
Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents in the Work
Environment.PublishedbytheAmericanConferenceofIndustrialHygienists
TheRegistryofToxicEffectsofChemicalSubstances,publishedbytheNationalInstitute
forOccupationalSafetyandHealth
Thecontainerlabeloftheproductwillissueawarningofhazardouseffects.
14.11 Commonly used hazardous chemicals
ListedbelowarechemicalsamongthosemostcommonlyusedinU.S.workplaces.
HazardousChemical HarmfulEffects
1,1,1Trichloroethane
Maycausemutationsincells;canirritatethe
skinandeyesandcauseunconsciousnessand
death.
Highexposuresmaydamagetheliverand
kidneys.
Acetone
Canirritatetheskin,eyes,nose,andthroat.
Highconcentrationscancausedizzinessand
lossofconsciousness.
Aluminumoxide
Canirritatetheeyes,nose,andthroat.
Repeatedhighexposurecancausescarringof
thelungsandshortnessofbreath.
Ammonia
Canirritatethelungsandburntheeyesand
skin.Longtermexposurecancauseirritation
oftheeyes,nose,mouth,andthroat.
Benzene
Acancercausingagentthathasbeenshown
tocauseleukemia.Mayalsocauseheadaches
andirritationoftheeyes,nose,andthroat.
Highexposurecancauseconvulsionsand
death
Ethylbenzene Canirritatetheeyes,nose,andthroat.
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Repeatedcontactcancausedryingandscaling
ofskinandmaycauseliverdamage.High
concentrationsmaycausedizzinessandlossof
consciousness
.
Ethyleneglycol
Can irritate the eyes, nose, or throat and

cause nausea, vomiting, and headaches.
Repeated or high exposure levels can cause
kidney damage or stones and brain damage.
Maycausebirthdefects.
Freon113
Maycauseskinirritationandrashesaswellas
drowsiness.
Glycolethers
Can irritate the eyes, nose, and throat and

may cause birth defects. Repeated or high
exposure can cause kidney damage or stones.
Braindamagealsomayoccur.
Hydrochloricacid
Canirritatethelungs.Highexposurecancause
buildup of fluid in the lungs, which can cause
death.
Lead
Can cause weakness and insomnia. Higher

exposure can result in damage to the nervous
andreproductivesystems.
Methanol
Irritatestheeyes,nose,mouth,andthroatand
cancauseliverdamage.
Methylethylketone
Cancausedizziness,headaches,blurredvision,
and loss of consciousness. May cause birth
defects.
Methylisobutylketone
Irritates the skin, eyes, nose, and throat, and

may cause dizziness, nausea, diarrhea, and
loss of consciousness. Longterm exposure
maydamagetheliverandkidneys.
Phenol
Canirritatethemouth,nose,throat,andeyes.
Longtermexposuremaydamagetheliverand
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kidneysandleadtogeneticdamage.Maybea
cancer risk. Major skin contact or inhaling it
cancausedeath.
Sodiumhydroxide
Breathingthedustordropletscanirritateand
burn the lungs. Contact can cause severe skin
burns.
Sulfuricacid
Canseverelyburntheskinandeyes.Repeated
longterm exposure can cause bronchitis,
shortnessofbreath,andemphysema.
Tetrachloroethylene
A suspected human carcinogen that has

caused liver cancer in animals. It may damage
the liver and kidneys after low but repeated
exposure. It can cause dizziness and loss of
consciousness.
Xylene
Can irritate the eyes, nose, and throat; high

levels can cause loss of consciousness and
death. It may damage fetuses. Repeated
exposuremaydamagebonemarrowandeyes
andcausestomachproblems.
14.12 Material Safety Data Sheets

A material safety data sheet contains detailed information about a hazardous chemical
productshealtheffects,physicalandchemicalcharacteristics,andsafepracticesforusingit.
Responsibilitiesofchemicalmanufacturers,importers,anddistributors
Chemical manufacturers and importers must prepare a material safety data sheet for
each hazardous chemical product they produce. Distributors are responsible for
ensuring that you have a material safety data sheet for each hazardous chemical
producttheyselltoyou.
Whattodoifyouusehazardouschemicalproductsatyourworkplace?
You must have a current material safety data sheet for each product. Employees must
be able to review material safety data sheets in their work area at any time. You can
keepmaterialsafetydatasheetsinanotebookoronacomputer;however,employees
186
must be able to obtain the information immediately in an emergency. One person
should be responsible for managing all the material safety data sheets at your
workplace. The person should ensure that the list of hazardous chemicals is current,
that the identity of each chemical on the list matches its identity on its material safety
datasheet,andthatincominghazardouschemicalcontainershavematerialsafetydata
sheets.
Whattodowhenyounolongeruseahazardouschemicalatyourworkplace?
When you no longer use a hazardous chemical, you do not need to keep its material
safetydatasheet.However,youdoneedtokeeparecordofthechemicalsidentity,the
locations,andthecalendaryearsitwasusedinyourworkplace,foratleast30years.For
more information about recordkeeping requirements, see 1910.1020, Access to
employeeexposureandmedicalrecords.
InformationrequiredonMaterialSafetyDataSheets
Chemical manufacturers and importers must prepare a material safety data sheet for each
hazardous chemical product they ship to you. The following information must appear on each
sheet.
14.3 Required Information
Description
Identityofthechemical
Typically,acommonchemicalname.
Physical&chemicalcharacteristics
Forexample:vaporpressure,flashpoint,andsolubility.
Physicalhazards
Forexample:potentialforfire,explosion,orreactionwithwaterorotherchemicals.
Healthhazards
For example: signs and symptoms of exposure, and medical conditions that might be
aggravatedbyexposure.
Primaryroutesofchemicalentry
Howthechemicalentersthebody.
PermissibleExposurelimit
Themaximumamountofthechemicalthatonecanbeexposedtoduringaneighthour
workshift.
Carcinogenicity
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BasedonfindingsintheNationalToxicologyProgramAnnualReportonCarcinogensor
theInternationalAgencyforResearchonCancerMonographs.
Precautionsforsafeuse
How to handle the chemical safely, hygiene and protective practices, and cleanup
proceduresforspillsandleaks.
Controlmeasures
The engineering controls, safe work practices, and personal protective equipment
necessarytocontrolexposure.
Emergencyandfirstaidprocedures
Howtorespondtospills,leaks,contamination,andoverexposure.
Preparationdate
Thedatethematerialsafetydatasheetwaspreparedorupdated.
Name,address,andphonenumber
Who to contact for more information on the chemicals hazards and emergency
responseprocedures.
AddanappropriateHazardwarning
Labelthecontainerwiththeidentityofthechemical
Usingcontainerwarninglabels
Thepurposeofacontainerwarninglabelistowarnemployeesaboutthecontainerscontents
and to refer employees to an appropriate material safety data sheet for more information
about the chemicals physical and health hazards. Manufacturers, importers, and distributors
must ensure that each hazardous chemical product sold to you has a label that includes the
chemicalsidentity,ahazardwarning,andanameandaddressforadditionalinformationabout
the product. If you use hazardous chemicals at your workplace, you must ensure that each
hazardous chemical container has a legible label, in English that identifies the chemical and
warnsofitshazards.
Containersthatmustbelabeled
Originalcontainersofhazardouschemicalsfromamanufacturer,importer,ordistributormust
havewarninglabels.Donotremoveordefacethem.Ifyoutransferahazardouschemicalfrom
alabeledcontainertoanunlabeledcontainer,labelthecontainer.
Anexceptionforportablecontainers
You do not need to put a warning label on a portable container if you use it to transfer a
hazardouschemicalfromalabeledcontainer.However,thechemicalinthecontainermustbe
188
for immediate use. This means thehazardous chemical will be under the control of and used
only by the person who transfers it from a labeled container and only within the work shift in
whichitistransferred.See1910.1200,Definitions.
Contentofawarninglabel
A warning label must identify the chemical a common chemical name or a code name is
acceptable and displays a hazard warning such as DANGER or the familiar skull and
crossbones.
Theidentifyofthechemicalonthelabel,onitsmaterialsafetydatasheet,andonyour
hazardouschemicallistmustmatch.
Ifyouarenotsurethatahazardouschemicalcontainerisproperlylabeled,contactthe
manufacturerorsupplier.
Make someone at your workplace responsible for ensuring that all hazardouschemical
containersareproperlylabeled.
Examplesofcontainerlabelsforacetone
If you use hazardous chemicals at your workplace, you must ensure that each hazardous
chemical container has a legible label, in English, that identifies the chemical and warns of its
hazards. This illustration shows acetone warning labels on an original container, an unlabeled
container,andaportablecontainer.
If you transfer a hazardous chemical from a labeled container to an unlabeled container, you
must label the container with the identity of the chemical and include an appropriate hazard
warning.
14.4 Training Employees
Requiredhazardcommunicationtraining
If you have employees who may be exposed to hazardous chemicals, you must inform them
aboutthechemicalsandtrainthemwhentheyarehiredandwhenevertheyareexposedtoa
newchemicalhazardoraprocesschange.Requiredemployeetraining:
Where to find and how to read the hazardcommunication plan, the list of hazardous
chemicals,andmaterialsafetydatasheets.
Theoperationsinwhichhazardouschemicalsareused.
Thephysicalandhealthhazardsofhazardouschemicalsusedbyemployees.
The meaning of warning labels on hazardouschemical containers and on pipes that
containhazardoussubstances.
189
Howtorecognizeemergenciesinvolvinghazardouschemicals.
Howtousepersonalprotectiveequipment.
Whocantrainemployees?
Choose a person who understands the above topics and has the skills to conduct the training.
What is important is that employees are taught which hazardous chemicals they may be
exposed to and understand how to use the information on container warning labels and
materialsafetydatasheetstoprotectthemselves.
OSHAs hazardcommunication rules affect all workplaces that have employees who may be
exposed to hazardous chemicals. Following are rules that affect general industry and
constructionworkplaces.
HazardCommunication1910.1200GeneralIndustry,1926.59Construction
Requires chemical manufacturers or importers to assess the hazards of the chemical
productstheyproduceorimportandtopreparecontainerwarninglabelsandmaterial
safetydatasheetsforhazardouschemicalproductstheyshiptocustomers.
Requires distributors to ensure that each container of a hazardous chemical product is
properlylabeledbeforeitisshippedtoacustomerandtoensurethatamaterialsafety
datasheetforeachproductisincludedinthecustomersinitialshipment.
Requiresemployerstoinformtheiremployeesaboutthehazardouschemicalstowhich
theymaybeexposedthroughawrittenhazardcommunicationplan,containerwarning
labels,materialsafetydatasheets,andtraining.
Portablecontainersareintendedforimmediateuseofahazardouschemicalbythepersonwho
makesthetransfer.
Suggestion:Markthecontainerwiththeidentityofthechemical;andwarninglabel

190
14.5 EMPLOYEE TRAINING RECORD
Tobekeptinemployeespersonalrecordsfile
EmployeeName:_____________________________________________________________
EmployeeJobDescription:_____________________________________________________
TrainingDate______________________________________
SubjectofTraining__________________________________________
DescriptionofTraining
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
TrainersName
__________________________________________________________________
TOPPSWellService,Inc.
ConfirmationofEmployeesHazardCommunicationTraining
I,__________________________________________,havebeeninformedaboutthehazardous
chemicals that I may be exposed to during my work and I have received training on the
followingtopics:
AnoverviewoftherequirementsinOSHAshazardcommunicationrules.
Hazardouschemicalspresentintheworkplace.
Thewrittenhazardcommunicationplan.
Physicalandhealtheffectsofthehazardouschemicals.
Methodstodeterminethepresenceorreleaseofhazardouschemicalsintheworkarea.
Howtoreduceorpreventexposuretothesehazardouschemicalsthroughuse
ofexposurecontrols/workpracticesandpersonalprotectiveequipment.
Stepswehavetakentoreduceorpreventexposuretothesechemicals.
Emergencyprocedurestofollowifexposedtothesechemicals.
Howtoreadlabelsandreviewmaterialsafetydatasheets.
Notetoemployee:
191
Thisformbecomespartofyourpersonnelfile;readandunderstanditbeforesigning.
By signing below I attest and verify that I have received training in the above areas of hazard
communication,andthatIunderstandthecontentofthattraining.
Employee:_____________________________________________Date:_____________
Trainer:_______________________________________________Date:_____________

192
14.6 HAZARD COMMUNICATION
1910.1200Purpose.
Thepurposeofthissectionistoensurethatthehazardsofallchemicalsproducedorimported
are evaluated, and that information concerning their hazards is transmitted to employers and
employees. This transmittal of information is to be accomplished by means of comprehensive
hazard communication programs, which are to include container labeling and other forms of
warning,materialsafetydatasheetsandemployeetraining.
Thisoccupationalsafetyandhealthstandardisintendedtoaddresscomprehensivelytheissue
of evaluating the potential hazards of chemicals, and communicating information concerning
hazards and appropriate protective measures to employees, and to preempt any legal
requirementsofastate,orpoliticalsubdivisionofastate,pertainingtothissubject.Evaluating
the potential hazards of chemicals, and communicating information concerning hazards and
appropriateprotectivemeasurestoemployees,mayinclude,forexample,butisnotlimitedto,
provisions for: developing and maintaining a written hazard communication program for the
workplace,includinglistsofhazardouschemicalspresent;labelingofcontainersofchemicalsin
the workplace, as well as of containers of chemicals being shipped to other workplaces;
preparation and distribution of material safety data sheets to employees and downstream
employers; and development and implementation of employee training programs regarding
hazardsofchemicalsandprotectivemeasures.Undersection18oftheAct,nostateorpolitical
subdivision of a state may adopt or enforce, through any court or agency, any requirement
relating to the issue addressed by this Federal standard, except pursuant to a Federally
approvedstateplan.
Scope and application.
This section requires chemical manufacturers or importers to assess the hazards of chemicals
which they produce or import, and all employers to provide information to their employees
about the hazardous chemicals to which they are exposed, by means of a hazard
communication program, labels and other forms of warning, material safety data sheets, and
informationandtraining.Inaddition,thissectionrequiresdistributorstotransmittherequired
informationtoemployers.
This section applies to any chemical which is known to be present in the workplace in such a
manner that employees may be exposed under normal conditions of use or in a foreseeable
emergency.
Definitions.
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14.7 Written hazard communication program.
Employers shall develop, implement, and maintain at each workplace, a written hazard
communication program which at least describes how the criteria specified in this section for
labelsandotherformsofwarning,materialsafetydatasheets,andemployeeinformationand
trainingwillbemet,andwhichalsoincludesthefollowing:
1. A list of the hazardous chemicals known to be present using an identity that is
referencedontheappropriatematerialsafetydatasheet;
2. Themethodstheemployerwillusetoinformemployeesofthehazardsofnonroutine
tasks , and the hazards associated with chemicals contained in unlabeled pipes in their
workareas.
Multiemployer workplaces. Employers who produce, use, or store hazardous chemicals at a
workplace in such a way that the employees of other employer may be exposed shall
additionally ensure that the hazard communication programs developed and implemented
underthisparagraph
The methods the employer will use to provide the other employer onsite access to material
safety data sheets for each hazardous chemical the other employer' employees may be
exposedtowhileworking;
The methods the employer will use to inform the other employer of any precautionary
measuresthatneedtobetakentoprotectemployeesduringtheworkplace'snormaloperating
conditionsandinforeseeableemergencies;
Themethodstheemployerwillusetoinformtheotheremployerofthelabelingsystemusedin
theworkplace.
The employer may rely on an existing hazard communication program to comply with these
requirements,providedthatitmeetsthecriteriaestablishedinthisparagraph.
The employer shall make the written hazard communication program available, upon request,
to employees, their designated representatives, the Assistant Secretary and the Owner, in
accordancewiththerequirementsof29CFR1910.20.
Whereemployeesmusttravelbetweenworkplacesduringaworkshift,i.e.,theirworkiscarried
out at more than one geographical location, the written hazard communication program may
bekeptattheprimaryworkplacefacility.
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14.8 Labels and other forms of warning.
The chemical manufacturer, importer, or distributor shall ensure that each container of
hazardous chemicals leaving the workplace is labeled, tagged or marked with the following
information:
1. Identityofthehazardouschemical;
2. Appropriatehazardwarnings;
Nameandaddressofthechemicalmanufacturer,importer,orotherresponsibleparty.
Exceptasprovidedinparagraphsofthissection,theemployershallensurethateachcontainer
of hazardous chemicals in the workplace is labeled, tagged or marked with the following
information:
Identityofthehazardouschemicalcontainedtherein;
Appropriate hazard warnings, or alternatively, words, pictures, symbols, or combination
thereof,whichprovideatleastgeneralinformationregardingthehazardsofthechemicals,and
which,inconjunctionwiththeotherinformationimmediatelyavailabletoemployeesunderthe
hazardcommunicationprogram,willprovideemployeeswiththespecificinformationregarding
thephysicalandhealthhazardsofthehazardouschemical.
The employer shall not remove or deface existing labels on incoming containers of hazardous
chemicals,unlessthecontainerisimmediatelymarkedwiththerequiredinformation.
The employer shall ensure that labels or other forms of warning are legible, in English, and
prominently displayed on the container, or readily availablein the workarea throughout each
work shift. Employers having employees who speak other languages may add the information
intheirlanguagetothematerialpresented,aslongastheinformationispresentedinEnglishas
well.
14.9 Manufacturer Material safety data sheets.
Chemicalmanufacturersandimportersshallobtainordevelopamaterialsafetydatasheetfor
each hazardous chemical they produce or import. Employers shall have a material safety data
sheetintheworkplaceforeachhazardouschemicalwhichtheyuse.
Theemployershallmaintainintheworkplacecopiesoftherequiredmaterialsafetydatasheets
foreachhazardouschemical,andshallensurethattheyarereadilyaccessibleduringeachwork
shifttoemployeeswhentheyareintheirworkarea.
Whereemployeesmusttravelbetweenworkplacesduringaworkshift,i.e.,theirworkiscarried
outatmorethanonegeographicallocation,thematerialsafetydatasheetsmaybekeptatthe
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primary workplace facility. In this situation, the employer shall ensure that employees can
immediatelyobtaintherequiredinformationinanemergency.
Materialsafetydatasheetsmaybekeptinanyform,includingoperatingprocedures,andmay
be designed to cover groups of hazardous chemicals in a work area where it may be more
appropriate to address the hazards of a process rather than individual hazardous chemicals.
However, the employer shall ensure that in all cases the required information is provided for
each hazardous chemical, and is readily accessible during each work shift to employees when
theyareintheirworkarea.
14.10 Employee information and training.
Employers shall provide employees with effective information and training on hazardous
chemicals in their work area at the time of their initial assignment, and whenever a new
physicalorhealthhazardtheemployeeshavenotpreviouslybeentrainedaboutisintroduced
into their work area. Information and training may be designed to cover categories of hazards
or specific chemicals. Chemicalspecific information must always be available through labels
andmaterialsafetydatasheets.
Information. Employees shall be informed of: The requirements of this section; and any
operations in their work area where hazardous chemicals are present; and, the location and
availability of the written hazard communication program, including the required list of
hazardouschemicals,andmaterialsafetydatasheetsrequiredbythissection.
Training.Employeetrainingshallincludeatleast:
1. Methods and observations that may be used to detect the presence or release of a
hazardouschemicalintheworkarea;
2. Thephysicalandhealthhazardsofthechemicalsintheworkarea;
3. Themeasuresemployeescantaketoprotectthemselvesfromthesehazards,including
specificprocedurestheemployerhasimplementedtoprotectemployeesfromexposure
tohazardouschemicals,suchasappropriateworkpractices,emergencyprocedures,and
personal protective equipment to be used; and, The details of the hazard
communication program developed by the employer, including an explanation of the
labelingsystemandthematerialsafetydatasheet,andhowemployeescanobtainand
usetheappropriatehazardinformation.
Definitions
Arcle meansamanufactureditemotherthanauidorparcle:
1. Whichisformedtoaspecificshapeordesignduringmanufacture;
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2. Which has end use function dependent in whole or in part upon its shape or design
duringenduse;
3. Whichundernormalconditionsofusedoesnotreleasemorethanverysmallquantities,
e.g., minute or trace amounts of a hazardous chemical of this section), and does not
poseaphysicalhazardorhealthrisktoemployees.
Assistant Secretary means the Assistant Secretary of Labor for Occupaonal Safety and
Health,U.S.DepartmentofLabor,ordesignee.
Chemical means any element, chemical compound or mixture of elements and/or
compounds.
Chemicalmanufacturer meansanemployerwithaworkplacewherechemicalareproduced
foruseordistribution.
Chemical name means the scienc designaon of a chemical in accordance with the
nomenclaturesystemdevelopedbytheInternationalUnionofPureandAppliedChemistryor
theChemicalAbstractsServicerulesofnomenclature,oranamewhichwillclearlyidentifythe
chemicalforthepurposeofconductingahazardevaluation.
Combusbleliquid meansanyliquidhavingaashpointatorabove100F,butbelow200
F , except any mixture having components with flashpoints of 200 F , or higher, the total
volumeofwhichmakeup99percentormoreofthetotalvolumeofthemixture.
Commercial account means an arrangement whereby a retail distributor sells hazardous
chemicalstoanemployer,generallyinlargequantitiesovertimeand/oratcoststhatarebelow
theregularretailprice.
Common name means any designaon or idencaon such as code name, code number,
tradename,brandnameorgenericnameusedtoidentifyachemicalotherthanbyitschemical
name.
Compressedgas means:
1.
2. regardlessofthepressureat70F;or
3. Aliquidhavingavaporpressureexceeding40psiat100FasdeterminedbyASTMD
32372.
Container means any bag, barrel, bole, box, can, cylinder, drum, reaction vessel, storage
tank, or the like that contains a hazardous chemical. For purposes of this section, pipes or
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piping systems, and engines, fuel tanks, or other operating systems in a vehicle, are not
consideredtobecontainers.
Designatedrepresentave meansanyindividualororganizaontowhomanemployeegives
written authorization to exercise such employee's rights under this section. A recognized or
certified collective bargaining agent shall be treated automatically as a designated
representativewithoutregardtowrittenemployeeauthorization.
Owner means the Owner, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S.
DepartmentofHealthandHumanServices,ordesignee.
Distributor means a business, other than a chemical manufacturer or importer, which
supplieshazardouschemicalstootherdistributorsortoemployers.
Employee means a worker who may be exposed to hazardous chemicals under normal
operating conditions or in foreseeable emergencies. Workers such as office workers or bank
tellers who encounter hazardous chemicals only in nonroutine, isolated instances are not
covered.
Employer means a person engaged in a business where chemicals are either used,
distributed,orareproducedforuseordistribution,includingacontractororsubcontractor.
Explosive meansachemicalthatcausesasudden,almostinstantaneousreleaseofpressure,
gas,andheatwhensubjectedtosuddenshock,pressure,orhightemperature.
Exposure orexposed meansthatanemployeeissubjectedinthecourseofemployment
toachemicalthatisaphysicalorhealthhazard,andincludespotenalexposure.Subjected
intermsofhealthhazardsincludesanyrouteofentry.
Flammable meansachemicalthatfallsintooneofthefollowingcategories:
1. Aerosol,flammable meansanaerosolthat,whentestedbythemethoddescribedin16
CFR 1500.45, yields a flame projection exceeding 18 inches at full valve opening, or a
flashbackatanydegreeofvalveopening;
2. Gas,flammable means:
o A gas that, at ambient temperature and pressure, forms a flammable mixture
withairataconcentrationofthirteenpercentbyvolumeorless;or
o A gas that, at ambient temperature and pressure, forms a range of flammable
mixtureswithairwiderthantwelvepercentbyvolume,regardlessofthelower
limit;
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Liquid, ammable means any liquid having a ashpoint below 100 F , except any mixture
havingcomponentswithflashpointsof100Forhigher,thetotalofwhichmakeup99percent
ormoreofthetotalvolumeofthemixture.
Solid, ammable means a solid, other than a blasng agent or explosive as dened in
1910.109, that is liable to cause fire through friction, absorption of moisture, spontaneous
chemical change, or retained heat from manufacturing or processing, or which can be ignited
readily and when ignited burns so vigorously and persistently as to create a serious hazard. A
chemicalshallbeconsideredtobeaflammablesolidif,whentestedbythemethoddescribed
in 16 CFR 1500.44, it ignites and burns with a selfsustained flame at a rate greater than one
tenthofaninchpersecondalongitsmajoraxis.
Flashpoint meanstheminimumtemperatureatwhichaliquidgivesoavaporinsucient
concentrationtoignitewhentestedasfollows:
Tagliabue Closed Tester ) for liquids with a viscosity of less than 45 Saybolt Universal Seconds
at100F,thatdonotcontainsuspendedsolidsanddonothaveatendencytoformasurface
filmundertest;or
PenskyMartens Closed Tester ) for liquids with a viscosity equal to or greater than 45 SUS at
100F,orthatcontainsuspendedsolids,orthathaveatendencytoformasurfacefilmunder
test;or
Setaflash Closed Tester ). Organic peroxides, which undergo autoaccelerating thermal
decomposition, are excluded from any of the flashpoint determination methods specified
above.
Foreseeable emergency means any potenal occurrence such as, but not limited to,
equipmentfailure,ruptureofcontainers,orfailureofcontrolequipmentwhichcouldresultin
anuncontrolledreleaseofahazardouschemicalintotheworkplace.
Hazardouschemical meansanychemicalwhichisaphysicalhazardorahealthhazard.
Hazardwarning meansanywords,pictures,symbols,orcombinaonthereofappearingona
label or other appropriate form of warning which convey the specific physical and health
hazard,includingtargetorganeffects,ofthechemicalinthecontainer.
Healthhazard meansachemicalforwhichthereisstascallysignicantevidencebasedon
at least one study conducted in accordance with established scientific principles that acute or
chronic health eects may occur in exposed employees. The term health hazard includes
chemicals which are carcinogens, toxic or highly toxic agents, reproductive toxins, irritants,
corrosives, sensitizers, hepatotoxins, nephrotoxins, neurotoxins, agents which act on the
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hematopoieticsystem,andagentswhichdamagethelungs,skin,eyes,ormucousmembranes.
Appendix A provides further definitions and explanations of the scope of health hazards
coveredbythissection,andAppendixBdescribesthecriteriatobeusedtodeterminewhether
ornotachemicalistobeconsideredhazardousforpurposesofthisstandard.
Identy means any chemical or common name which is indicated on the material safety
datasheetforthechemical.Theidentityusedshallpermitcrossreferencestobemadeamong
therequiredlistofhazardouschemicals,thelabelandtheMSDS.
Immediate use means that the hazardous chemical will be under the control of and used
only by the person who transfers it from a labeled container and only within the work shift in
whichitistransferred.
Importer means the rst business with employees within the Customs Territory of the
UnitedStateswhichreceiveshazardouschemicalsproducedinothercountriesforthepurpose
ofsupplyingthemtodistributorsoremployerswithintheUnitedStates.
Label means any wrien, printed, or graphic material displayed on or affixed to containers
ofhazardouschemicals.
Material safety data sheet means wrien or printed material concerning a hazardous
chemicalwhichispreparedinaccordancewithparagraphofthissection.
Mixture means any combinaon of two or more chemicals if the combination is not, in
wholeorinpart,theresultofachemicalreaction.
Organicperoxide meansanorganiccompoundthatcontainsthebivalentOOstructureand
whichmaybeconsideredtobeastructuralderivativeofhydrogenperoxidewhereoneorboth
ofthehydrogenatomshasbeenreplacedbyanorganicradical.
Oxidizer meansachemicalotherthanablasngagentorexplosiveasdenedin1910.109,
thatinitiatesorpromotescombustioninothermaterials,therebycausingfireeitherofitselfor
throughthereleaseofoxygenorothergases.
Physical hazard means a chemical for which there is sciencally valid evidence that it is a
combustible liquid, a compressed gas, explosive, flammable, an organic peroxide, an oxidizer,
pyrophoric,unstableorwaterreactive.
Produce means to manufacture, process, blend, extract, generate, emit, formulate, or
repackage.
Pyrophoric meansachemicalthatwillignitespontaneouslyinairatatemperatureof130F
orbelow.
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Responsible party means someone who can provide addional informaon on the
hazardouschemicalandappropriateemergencyprocedures,ifnecessary.
Specic chemical identy means the chemical name, Chemical Abstracts Service Registry
Number, or any other information that reveals the precise chemical designation of the
substance.
Trade secret means any condenal formula, paern, process, device, informaon or
compilationofinformationthatisusedinanemployer'sbusiness,andthatgivestheemployer
anopportunitytoobtainanadvantageovercompetitorswhodonotknoworuseit.AppendixD
setsoutthecriteriatobeusedinevaluatingtradesecrets.
Unstable means a chemical which in the pure state, or as produced or transported, will
vigorously polymerize, decompose, condense, or will become selfreactive under conditions of
shocks,pressureortemperature.
Use meanstopackage,handle,react,emit,extract,generateasabyproduct,ortransfer.
Waterreactive means a chemical that reacts with water to release a gas that is either
lammableorpresentsahealthhazard.
Work area means a room or dened space in a workplace where hazardous chemicals are
producedorused,andwhereemployeesarepresent.
Workplace means an establishment, job site, or project, at one geographical location
containingoneormoreworkareas.
14.11 Hazardous Material Container Labels
All containers used on the job must be labeled for content and precautions if the substance
containedishazardous.Labelsmustcontainthefollowinginformation:
Identityofhazardouschemicals
Appropriatehazardwarnings
Name&addressofthechemicalmanufacturer,importer,ordistributor
Labelsmayusewords,pictures,symbols,oracombinationofthesetoindicatethatahazardous
substance is contained. Following are examples of hazardous substance label warning
information:

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15.0 Hazard Identification & Risk Assessment
TOPPS Well Service, Inc. is committed to providing a safe and hazard free workplace and has
adopted this policy for Hazard Identification & Risk Assessment from industry standards and
bestavailablepractices.
TheSafetyPersonnelistheassignedCompanySupervisorresponsibleforensuringthefollowing
procedures, practices, and rules are implemented and enforced. The Safety Personnel will
administrate and review regularly scheduled facilitywide or areaspecific analysis/inspections
of all jobsites and facilities for hazards on a weekly or as needed basis that will also include
spotchecksandrandominspections.
Assessment/inspections will be documented for review by the Company Safety Annual
SafetyMeeting.Hazardassessmentsincludeinspectionoftheareaaswellassafework
practices. Hazard assessments will be appropriately documented using the appropriate
formfoundattheendofthissection.
During the course of inspection, when a job hazard is identified it is immediately
corrected if possible. If the hazard is not immediately correctable, all appropriate
personnelarenotifiedandthehazardisclearlyidentifiedbysigns,barricades,orother
warnings.
TOPPS Well Service, Inc. employees and/or subcontractors are actively involved in the
hazardidentificationprocessandhazardsarereviewedwithallemployeesconcerned.
Thehazardidentificationprocessisusedforroutineandnonroutineactivitiesaswellas
newprocess,changesinoperation,products,orservicesasapplicable.
The Safety Personnel will identify hazards base on hazard assessments and reports.
Hazards will be addressed and mitigated. This will be accomplished by dedicated
assignment,appropriatedocumentationofcompletion,andimplementedcontrols.
The TOPPS Well Service, Inc. Hazard Identification & Risk Assessment Program will ensure
employeeswillbetrainedinthehazardidentificationprocess,includingtheproperuseand
careofPersonalProtectiveEquipment.
The TOPPS Well Service, Inc. Safety Annual Safety Meeting will review all Hazard
Assessments in order to avoid creating new hazards derived from the corrective
measures.
15.1 Hazard Identification & Risk Assessment Plan
WhatisaJobHazard?
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AJobhazardisthepotentialforharm.Inpracticalterms,ajobhazardisoftenassociatedwitha
condition or activity that, if left uncontrolled, can result in an injury or illness. Identifying job
hazards and eliminating or controlling them as early as possible will help prevent injuries and
illnesses.
A Job Hazard Assessment
A Job Hazard Assessment is a technique that focuses on job tasks as a way to identify hazards
before they occur. It focuses on the relationship between the worker, the task, the tools, and
the work environment. Ideally, after identifying uncontrolled hazards, steps will be taken to
eliminateorreducethemtoanacceptablerisklevel.
The Importance of a Job Hazard Assessment
ManyworkersareinjuredandkilledattheworkplaceeverydayintheUnitedStates.Safetyand
health adds value to business, your job, and your life. Workplace injuries and illnesses can be
prevented by looking at workplace operations, establishing proper job procedures, and
ensuringthatallemployeesaretrainedproperly.
One of the best ways to determine and establish proper work procedures is to conduct a Job
HazardAssessment.
The Value of a Job Hazard Assessment
SupervisorscanusethefindingsofaJobHazardAssessmenttoeliminateandpreventhazards
in their workplaces. This is likely to result in fewer worker injuries and illnesses; safer, more
effective work methods; reduced Workers Compensation costs, and increased worker
productivity. The assessment also can be a valuable tool for training new employees in the
stepsrequiredtoperformtheirjobssafely.
ForaJobHazardAssessmenttobeeffective,managersandsupervisorsmustdemonstratetheir
commitment to safety and health and follow through to correct any uncontrolled hazards
identified. Otherwise, management will lose credibility and employees may hesitate to go to
supervisorswhendangerousconditionsthreatenthem.
Jobs Appropriate for Hazard Assessment
Job Hazard Identification & Risk Assessment will be conducted on jobs in our workplace.
Hazardsareclassified/prioritizedandaddressedbasedontheriskassociatedwiththetask.
Prioritywillgotothefollowingjobtypes:
Jobswiththehighestinjuryorillnessrates.
Jobswiththepotentialtocausesevereordisablinginjuriesorillness,evenifthereisno
historyofpreviousaccidents.
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Jobsinwhichonesimplehumanerrorcouldleadtoasevereaccidentorinjury.
Jobs that are new to your operation or have undergone changes in processes and
procedures.
Jobscomplexenoughtorequirewritteninstructions.
Where to Begin
Involve employees and subcontractors. It is very important to involve employees and
subcontractorsinthehazardassessmentprocess.Theyhaveauniqueunderstandingof
the job, and this knowledge is invaluable for finding hazards. Involving employees will
helpminimizeoversights,ensureaqualityassessment,andgetworkerstobuyin to
the solutions because they will share ownership in their Environmental, Health and
SafetyProgram.
Review accident history. Review with employees our workplaces history of accidents
and occupational illnesses that needed treatment, losses that required repair or
replacement, and any near misses events in which an accident or loss did not
occur,butcouldhave.Theseeventsareindicatorsthattheexistinghazardcontrolsmay
notbeadequateanddeservemorescrutiny.
Conduct a preliminary job review. Discuss with employees and subs the hazards they
know exist in their current work and surroundings. Brainstorm with them for ideas to
eliminateorcontrolthosehazards.
Ifanyhazardsexistthatposeanimmediatedangertoanemployeeslifeorhealth,take
immediate action to protect the worker. Any problems that can be corrected easily
should be corrected as soon as possible. Do not wait to complete your Job Hazard
Assessment.Thisdemonstratesourcommitmenttosafetyandhealthandenablesusto
focus on the hazards and jobs that need more study because of their complexity. For
those hazards determined to present unacceptable risks, evaluate types of hazard
controls.
List, rank, and set priorities for hazardous jobs. List jobs with hazards that present
unacceptable risks, based on those most likely to occur, and with the most severe
consequences.Thesejobsarefirstpriorityforassessment.
Outlinethestepsortasks.Nearlyeveryjobcanbebrokendownintojobtasksorsteps.
WhenbeginningaJobHazardAssessment,watchtheemployeeperformthejobandlist
eachstepastheworkertakesit.Besuretorecordenoughinformationtodescribeeach
job action without getting overly detailed. Avoid making the breakdown of steps so
detailed that it becomes unnecessarily long or so broad that it does not include basic
steps.Itisvaluabletogetinputfromotherworkerswhohaveperformedthesamejob.
Later,reviewthejobstepswiththeemployeetomakesuresomethingwasnotomitted.
Point out that the job itself is being evaluated, not the employees job performance.
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Includetheemployeeinallphasesoftheassessmentfromreviewingthejobstepsand
procedurestodiscussinguncontrolledhazardsandrecommendedsolutions.
Sometimes,inconductingaJobHazardAssessment,itmaybehelpfultophotographor
videotapetheworkerperformingthejob.Thesevisualrecordscanbehandyreferences
whendoingamoredetailedassessmentofthework.
15.2 Identifying Workplace Hazards
AJobHazardAssessmentisanexerciseindetectivework.Thegoalistodiscoverthefollowing:
1. Whatcangowrong?
2. Whataretheconsequences?
3. Howcoulditarise?
4. Whatareothercontributingfactors?
5. Howlikelyisitthatthehazardwilloccur?
To make our Job Hazard Assessment useful, document the answers to these questions in a
consistentmanner.Describingahazardinthiswayhelpstoensurethatoureffortstoeliminate
the hazardand implement hazardcontrols help target the most important contributors to the
hazard.
Goodhazardscenariosdescribe:
Whereitishappening?
Whoorwhatitishappeningto?
Whatprecipitatesthehazard?
Theoutcomethatwouldoccurshouldithappen?
Anyothercontributingfactors.
Rarely is a hazard a simple case of one singular cause resulting in one singular effect. More
frequently,manycontributingfactorstendtolineupinacertainwaytocreatethehazard.
Hereisanexampleofahazardscenario:
Inthemetalshop,whileclearingasnag,aworkershandcomesintocontactwitharotating
pulley.Itpullshishandintothemachineandquicklysevershisfingers.
ToperformaJobHazardAssessment,youwouldask:
Whatcangowrong?Theworkershandcouldcomeintocontactwitharotatingobject
thatcatches itandpullsitintothemachine.
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What are the consequences? The worker could receive a severe injury and lose fingers
andhands.
How could it happen? The accident could happen as a result of the worker trying to
clear a snag during operations or as part of a maintenance activity while the pulley is
operating.Obviously,thishazardscenariocouldnotoccurifthepulleyisnotrotating.
What are other contributing factors? This hazard occurs very quickly. It does not give
theworkermuchopportunitytorecoverorpreventitoncehishandcomesintocontact
withthepulley.Thisisanimportantfactor,becauseithelpsdeterminetheseverityand
likelihood of an accident when selecting appropriate hazard controls. Unfortunately,
experience has shown that training is not very effective in hazard control when
triggeringeventshappenquicklybecausehumanscanreactonlysoquickly.
15.3 How to Correct or Prevent Hazards
After reviewing the list of hazards with the employee, consider what control methods will
eliminate or reduce them. The most effective controls are engineering controls that physically
changeamachineorworkenvironmenttopreventemployeeexposuretothehazard.Themore
reliable or less likely a hazard control can be circumvented, the better. If this is not feasible,
administrativecontrolsmaybeappropriate.
This may involve changing how employees do their jobs. Discuss recommendations with all
employees who perform the job and consider their responses carefully. If it is planned to
introducenewormodifiedjobprocedures,besuretheyunderstandwhattheyarerequiredto
doandthereasonsforthechanges.
15.4 Before Starting a Job Hazard Assessment
The job procedures discussed are for illustration only and do not necessarily include all the
steps, hazards, and protections that apply. When conducting a job safety assessment, be sure
to consult OSHA standards. Compliance with these standards is mandatory, and by
incorporating their requirements into the Job Hazard Assessment, we can be sure that our
Safety&HealthProgrammeetsFederalStandards.
15.5 Review the Job Hazard Assessment
PeriodicallyreviewingtheJobHazardAssessmentensuresthatitremainscurrentandcontinues
tohelpreduceworkplaceaccidentsandinjuries.Evenifthejobhasnotchanged,itispossible
that during the review process you will identify hazards that were not identified in the initial
assessment. It is particularly important to review the Job Hazard Assessment if an illness or
injuryoccursonaspecificjob.
Based on the circumstances, it may be determined that changes are needed in the job
procedure to prevent similar incidents in the future. If an employees failure to follow proper
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job procedures results in a close call or near miss, discuss the situaon with all employees
who perform the job and remind them of proper procedures. Any time a Job Hazard
Assessmentisrevised,itisimportanttotrainallemployeesaffectedbythechangesinthenew
jobmethods,procedures,orprotectivemeasuresadopted.
15.6 When to Hire a Professional
If our employees are involved in many different or complex processes, we may need
professional help conducting a Job Hazard Assessment. Even if we receive outside help, it is
important that our employees remain involved in the process of identifying and correcting
hazards because they are at the workplace every day and most likely to encounter these
hazards. New circumstances and a recombination of existing circumstances may cause old
hazards to reappear and new hazards to appear. In addition, we and our employees must be
ready and able to implement whatever hazard elimination or control measures a professional
consultantrecommends.
15.7 Hazard Control Measures
InformationobtainedfromaJobHazardAssessmentisuselessunlesshazardcontrolmeasures
recommended in the assessment are incorporated into the tasks. Managers and supervisors
must recognize that not all hazard controls are equal. Some are more effective than others at
reducingtherisk.
Theorderofprecedenceandeffectivenessofhazardcontrolisthefollowing:
Engineeringcontrols.
Administrativecontrols.
Personalprotectiveequipment.
Engineeringcontrolsincludethefollowing:
Elimination/minimization of the hazard Designing the facility, equipment, or process
toremovethehazard,orsubstitutingprocesses,equipment,materials,orotherfactors
tolessenthehazard.
Enclosure of the hazard using enclosed cabs, enclosures for noisy equipment, or other
means.
Isolation of the hazard with interlocks, machine guards, blast shields, welding curtains,
orothermeans.
Removalorredirectionofthehazardsuchaswithlocalandexhaustventilation.
Administrativecontrolsincludethefollowing:
Writtenoperatingprocedures,workpermits,andsafeworkpractices.
Exposuretimelimitations.
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Monitoringtheuseofhighlyhazardousmaterials.
Alarms,signs,andwarnings.
TheBuddy system.
Training.
Protective equipment such as respirators, hearing protection, protective clothing, safety
glasses,andhardhatsisacceptableasacontrolmethodinthefollowingcircumstances:
Whenengineeringcontrolsarenotfeasibleordonottotallyeliminatethehazard.
Whileengineeringcontrolsarebeingdeveloped.
Whensafeworkpracticesdonotprovidesufficientadditionalprotection.
Duringemergencieswhenengineeringcontrolsmaynotbefeasible.
Use of one hazard control method over another higher in the control precedence may be
appropriateforprovidinginterimprotectionuntilthehazardisabatedpermanently.Inreality,
if the hazard cannot be eliminated entirely, the adopted control measures will likely be a
combinationofallthreeitemsinstitutedsimultaneously.
TOPPSWellService,Inc.willusetheformsonthefollowingpagesfortheHazardIdentification
&RiskAssessmentProgram.
15.9 JOB HAZARD ASSESSMENT
TOPPSWellService,Inc.usesthisprogramofselfinspectionforourfacilitiesandworkplacesin
order to identify hazards and assess risk. Selfinspection is a must if we are to know where
probable hazards exist and whether they are under control. Safety inspection items are
completed using the following selfinspection form. These checklists are designed to assist in
thisfactfinding.ItwillgiveTheCompanysomeindicationofwherewecantakeactiontomake
our business safer and more healthful for all of our employees. Use sections on the checklist
relevanttoparticularoperationsanddisregardthosewhichdonotapply.
Whenachecklisthasbeencompleted,thismaterialwillbeaddedtoourinjuryinformation,our
employeeinformation,andtoourprocessandequipmentinformation.TheCompanywillnow
possess many facts that will help determine what problems exist. Management will then use
theOSHAstandardsintheproblemsolvingprocessanditwillbemucheasiertodeterminethe
actionneededtosolvetheseproblems.Correctiveactionisrequiredtobedocumentedonthe
formattheendofthissection.Correctiveactionorpreventiveactionplanswillbereviewedby
managementatsafetyAnnualSafetyMeetingmeetings.
Thescopeofourselfinspectionswillincludethefollowing:
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Processing,Receiving,ShippingandStorageequipment,jobplanning,layout,heights,
floor loads, projection of materials, materialshandling and storage methods, and
trainingformaterialhandlingequipment.
Building and Grounds Conditions floors, walls, ceilings, exits, stairs, walkways, ramps,
platforms,driveways,andaisles.
HousekeepingProgramwastedisposal,tools,objects,materials,leakageandspillage,
cleaningmethods,schedules,workareas,remoteareas,andstorageareas.
Electricity equipment, switches, breakers, fuses, switchboxes, junctions, special
fixtures, circuits, insulation, extensions, tools, motors, grounding, and national electric
codecompliance.
Lighting type, intensity, controls, conditions, diffusion, location, & glare and shadow
control.
Heating and Ventilation type, effectiveness, temperature, humidity, controls, and
naturalandartificialventilationandexhaust.
Machinery points of operation, flywheels, gears, shafts, pulleys, key ways, belts,
couplings,sprockets,chains,frames,controls,lightingfortoolsandequipment,brakes,
exhausting, feeding, oiling, adjusting, maintenance, lockout/tagout, grounding, work
space,location,andpurchasingstandards.
Personnel experience training, including hazard identification training; methods of
checking machines before use; type of clothing; personal protective equipment; use of
guards; tool storage; work practices; and methods of cleaning, oiling, or adjusting
machinery.
Hand and Power Tools purchasing standards, inspection, storage, repair, types,
maintenance,grounding,use,andhandling.
Chemicals storage, handling, transportation, spills, disposals, amounts used, labeling,
toxicityorotherharmfuleffects,warningsigns,supervision,training,protectiveclothing
andequipment,andhazardcommunicationrequirements.
1513
Fire Prevention extinguishers, alarms, sprinklers, smoking rules, exits, personnel
assigned,separationofflammablematerialsanddangerousoperations,explosiveproof
fixturesinhazardouslocations,andwastedisposal.
Maintenance,includingtrackingandabatementofpreventive&regularmaintenance
regularity, effectiveness, training of personnel, materials and equipment used, records
maintained,methodoflockingoutmachinery,andgeneralmethods.
PersonalProtectiveEquipmenttype,size,maintenance,repair,storage,assignmentof
responsibility, purchasing methods, standards observed, training in care and use, rules
ofuse,andmethodofassignment.
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Transportation motor vehicle safety, seat belts, vehicle maintenance, and safe driver
programs.
Reviewevacuationroutes,equipment,andpersonalprotectiveequipment.
1510 JOB SAFETY INSPECTION & REPORT
TOPPSWellService,Inc.
JobsiteLocationDate
______________________________________________________________________________
JobForeman/SupervisorTime
______________________________________________________________________________
PersonMakingInspection
______________________________________________________________________________
OtherSubcontractorsOnSite
_____________________________________________________________________________
CompanyNameTrade
_____________________________________________________________________________
CheckBoxes:
A=Adequateattimeofinspection
B=Needsconsideration
C=Needsimmediateattention
N/A=Notapplicable
Category
JobsiteInformation: A B C N/A
CopyofCompanySafetyProgramonsite? A B C N/A
OSHA300and301FormsPostedandComplete? A B C N/A
ArerequiredOSHAPostersposted? A B C N/A
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Phonenumbertonearestmedicalcenterposted? A B C N/A
Tailgate/Toolboxtrainingcurrent? A B C N/A
CopyofHAZCOMprogram&MSDSsheetsonsite A B C N/A
Workareasproperlysignedandbarricaded? A B C N/A
Housekeeping: A B C N/A
Workareagenerallyneat? A B C N/A
Projectingnailsremovedorbentover? A B C N/A
Wastecontainersinuse? A B C N/A
Designateddisposalareainplace? A B C N/A
Passageways/walkwaysclear? A B C N/A
Cords,leads,andtriphazardsoffthefloor? A B C N/A
FirePrevention: A B C N/A
Charged&inspectedfireextinguishersaccessible? A B C N/A
Phonenumberoflocalfiredepartmentposted? A B C N/A
Flammablesproperlystored? A B C N/A
NoSmoking signspostednearflammables? A B C N/A
Electrical: A B C N/A
Damagedextensioncordsremovedfromservice? A B C N/A
Groundfaultcircuitinterruptersused? A B C N/A
Terminalboxesequippedwithrequiredcovers? A B C N/A
EmployeestrainedinLockout\Tagout? A B C N/A
Hand,Power,&PowderActuatedTools: A B C N/A
212
Handtoolsinspectedregularly? A B C N/A
Guardsinplaceonmachines? A B C N/A
Toolssuitedfortheirjobs? A B C N/A
Operatorsofpowderactuatedtoolslicensed? A B C N/A
FallProtection: A B C N/A
Employeesproperlytrained? A B C N/A
Safetyrailsandcablessecuredproperly? A B C N/A
Guardrailsproperlyinstalledandsecured? A B C N/A
EmployeeshaveDringbeltsincenterofback? A B C N/A
Employeesexposedtofallhazardstiedoff? A B C N/A
Employeesbelowprotectedfromfallingobjects? A B C N/A
Ladders: A B C N/A
Laddersextend36inchesabovethelanding? A B C N/A
Ladderssecuredtopreventslippingorsliding? A B C N/A
Damagedladdersremovedfromservice? A B C N/A
Stepladdersusedinfullyopenposition? A B C N/A
Nosteppingontop2rungsofstepladder? A B C N/A
Scaffold: A B C N/A
Allscaffoldinginspecteddaily A B C N/A
Erectedonsolid,stablefooting? A B C N/A
Tiedofftostructureasrequired? A B C N/A
Guardrails,midrails,&toeboardsinplace? A B C N/A
Isscaffoldproperlyplanked? A B C N/A
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Isworkinglevelofscaffoldfullyplanked? A B C N/A
Properaccessprovided? A B C N/A
Employeesbelowprotectedfromfallingobjects? A B C N/A
FloorandWallOpenings: A B C N/A
Allflooranddeckopeningscoveredorbarricaded? A B C N/A
Perimeterprotectioninplace? A B C N/A
Deckplankssecured? A B C N/A
Materialsstoredawayfromedge? A B C N/A
Guardrailsinplace? A B C N/A
Trenches,Excavations,andShoring: A B C N/A
Competentpersononhand? A B C N/A
Nowaterinexcavationorsignsofcavein? A B C N/A
Excavationsshoredorslopedback? A B C N/A
Materialsstoredatleasttwofeetfromtrench? A B C N/A
Excavationsproperlyidentified&barricaded? A B C N/A
Laddersprovidedevery25feetintrench? A B C N/A
Isequipmentasafedistancefromedgeoftrench? A B C N/A
MaterialsHandling: A B C N/A
Materialsproperlystoredorstacked? A B C N/A
Employeesusingproperliftingmethods? A B C N/A
Taglinesusedtoguideloads? A B C N/A
Propernumberofworkersforeachoperation? A B C N/A
WeldingandBurning: A B C N/A
214
Gascylindersstoredcorrectly? A B C N/A
Properseparationbetweenfuelsandoxygen? A B C N/A
Burning/weldinggogglesorshieldsused? A B C N/A
OtherrequiredPPEbeingused? A B C N/A
Fireextinguishersincloseproximity? A B C N/A
Hosesingoodcondition? A B C N/A
Cranes: A B C N/A
Outriggersextended&properlyplaced? A B C N/A
Swingradiusbarricadesinplace? A B C N/A
Operatorsfamiliarwithloadcharts? A B C N/A
Handsignalchartsoncrane? A B C N/A
Craneoperatorslogsuptodateandonsite? A B C N/A
Employeeskeptfromundersuspendedloads? A B C N/A
Chains&slingsinspectedandtaggedasrequired? A B C N/A
ForkliftsandOtherEquipment: A B C N/A
Operatorsproperlytrained? A B C N/A
Preshiftequipmentinspectioncompleted? A B C N/A
Areavenuesofoperationdesignated&marked? A B C N/A
Stationaryrunningequipmentproperlylocated? A B C N/A
ConcreteConstruction: A B C N/A
Exposedrebarproperlycappedorcovered? A B C N/A
Employeesprotectedfromcementdustandsilica? A B C N/A
Exposedskincovered? A B C N/A
215
Runwaysadequate? A B C N/A
PersonalProtectiveEquipment: A B C N/A
Fallprotectioninspectedandusedcorrectly? A B C N/A
Hardhatsbeingworn? A B C N/A
Safetyglasses/gogglesbeingworn? A B C N/A
Respiratorsusedwhenrequired? A B C N/A
A B C N/A
Hearingprotectionbeingwornwhenrequired? A B C N/A
Bootsandlongpantswornonjobsite A B C N/A
Longhairtiedback? A B C N/A
Trafficvestsbeingworn? A B C N/A
Other:ABCN/AActionTaken/Comments
_________________________________________ A B C N/A
____________________________________
_________________________________________ A B C N/A
____________________________________
_________________________________________ A B C N/A
____________________________________
_________________________________________ A B C N/A
____________________________________
UnsafeActsorPracticesObserved:_______________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
Comments:____________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
216
_______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Signatureperformingevaluation)Date
_____________________________________________________________________
Filethisdocumentinthe"CompanySafetyandHealthFile."

217
16.0 Hydrogen Sulfide Specific Training
ThispolicyforthepreventionofhazardousemployeeexposuretoHydrogenSulfideisadopted
byTOPPSWellService,Inc.inaccordancewiththefollowingOSHAregulations:
1910.1200HazardCommunicationStandardsforEmployers
1910.134RespiratoryProtection
Hydrogen Sulfide at levels in excess of the PEL . This policy is available to all employees
request.TheSafetyPersonnelistheassignedsupervisorresponsibleforensuringthefollowing
engineeringcontrolsandworkpracticesareenforced:
The Safety Personnel will provide employees with information and training at the time
of their initial assignment to a work area where H2S is present. Training will address
characteristics and health effects of H2S. If exposures are above the action level,
employees will be provided with information and training at least annually thereafter.
Necessaryemployeetrainingwillbedocumentedtoinclude:
Identityoftheemployeetrained.
Thesignatureandtitleoftheemployeetrainer.
Thedateofthetraining.
Employees will be informed of all regulated areas and will be properly trained in
entranceprocedures,safetyrequirements,andpracticeswhileinregulatedareas.
CharacteristicsofHydrogenSulfideinclude:
H2S is a colorless, extremely poisonous gas has the characteristic odor of rotten eggs.
ThesenseofsmellbecomesrapidlyfatiguedandcanNOTbereliedupontowarnofthe
continuouspresenceofH2S.LargeamountsofH2Sareobtainedintheremovalofsulfur
frompetroleum.
HydrogenSulfideis:
Extremelytoxic.100ppmistheIDLH
Colorless
Solubilityinwaterat68Fis0.4%byweight.
FlammableGas
Incompatibleandreactswithstrongoxidizers,strongnitricacid,andmetals.
UELis44.0%byvolume
LELis4.0%byvolume
Contactandexposureoccursthroughinhalation,skinand/oreyecontact.
Targetorgansaretheeyes,respiratorysystem,andcentralnervoussystem.
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Health affects and symptoms include: Irritation of the eyes and respiratory system;
apnea, coma, convulsions; conjunctivitis, eye pain, lacrimation , photophobia , corneal
vesiculation ; dizziness, headache, lassitude , irritability, insomnia; gastrointestinal
disturbance.Affectsthenervecentersofthebrainwhichcontrolbreathing.
PotentialemployeeexposuretoHydrogenSulfideincludes:
DrillingOperations.
1. RecycledDrillingMud.
2. Waterfromsourcrudewells.
3. Blowouts.
TankGauging.
FieldMaintenance.
Tankbatteriesandwells,etc.
16.1 Respiratory Protection Requirements
The Respiratory Protection Program, in compliance with OSHA 1910.134, and
respiratoryprotectiveequipmentisprovidedatnotcostforallemployeeswithpotential
forexposuretoH2S.
The following NIOSH respirator recommendations with their APF will be used under
thesehazardousconditions:
H2SConcentrationsupto100ppm:
Any powered, airpurifying respirator with cartridge providing protection against the
compoundofconcern/.
Any airpurifying, fullfacepiece respirator with a chinstyle, front or backmounted
canisterprovidingprotectionagainstthecompoundofconcern/.
Anysuppliedairrespirator/.
Anyselfcontainedbreathingapparatuswithafullfacepiece
EmergencyorplannedentryintounknownH2SconcentrationsorIDLHconditions:
Any selfcontained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a
pressuredemandorotherpositivepressuremode/.
Any suppliedair respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure
demandorotherpositivepressuremodeincombinationwithanauxiliaryselfcontained
positivepressurebreathingapparatus.
Escape:
Any airpurifying, fullfacepiece respirator with a chinstyle, front or backmounted
canister providing protection against the compound of concern/Any appropriate
escapetype,selfcontainedbreathingapparatus/.
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IntheeventofanemergencywhereH2Sisreleasedathazardouslevels,employeesnot
wearing sufficient PPE for the situation will be immediately evacuated to a safe area
untilthehazardiscontained.
Adequateventilationwillbeensuredinallenclosedworkareas.Employeesengagedin
maintenanceofventilationsystems,includingfilterchanges,arerequiredtouseproper
PPEforthetask.
Regular monitoring of air quality in work areas will be provided to ensure that PEL of
H2Sarenotbeingexceeded.Recordsofallmonitoringtestswillbekeptavailableatthe
Companyoffice.
Employees working at jobsites where there is a potential for exposure to an H2S
hazardous atmospheres will be supplied with personal monitoring equipment which
mustbecarriedoutsideofclothingontheworkeratalltimeswhenintheworkarea.
The supplied monitors will be capable of sensing a minimum of 10 ppm of H2S in the
atmosphere;andwillactivateaudibleandvisualalarmswhentheconcentrationofH2S
intheatmospherereaches10ppm.Whenmonitoralarmssound,employeeswillvacate
theareaandwillnotreenterwithoutproperrespiratoryprotection.
In the event that PEL of H2S are exceeded within any facility where employees are
contractedtowork,allworkwillbestoppedandemployeesevacuateduntilthefacilitys
management can ensure that H2S levels are brought down to an acceptable level for
safework.
ThemanagementofanyfacilitywhereTOPPSWellService,Inc.contractstoworkmust
providealistofalloperationsinthefacilitywhereH2Sisemitted.Facilitymanagement
willprovideacopyofthefacilityscontingencyplanprovisions.
Special precautions will be taken when employees are working inside tanks or vessels.
EmployeeswilladheretotheTOPPSWellService,Inc.writtenConfinedSpaceProgram
per1910.146andemployeeswillbetrainedunder1910.146.
The medical surveillance program for employees who potentially may be exposed to
H2S at or above the action level or PEL will be provided under the supervision of a
licensedphysicianatnocosttotheemployee.
EmployeesmustwearproperPersonalProtectiveEquipmentatalltimeswhileinwork
areas where H2S is present. This PPE will include proper eye/face protection in
accordancewith1910.133whereappropriate.
AllrequiredsignsandlabelswillbepostedinareasofpotentialexposuretoH2S.
All containers or materials containing H2S will be appropriately labeled to indicate the
contentsandthehazardsofthecontents.
MSDS for H2S and all hazardous materials at TOPPS Well Service, Inc. are available to
employeesattheCompanyofficeuponrequest.
220
16.2 Hazards of Hydrogen Sulfide
Hydrogen Sulfide presents a potential hazard to workers at the work site. It usually occurs as
an unwanted byproduct and can result in worker exposure in many different industries or
occupations.ToensureprotectionagainstexposuretoH2S,bothworkersandemployersmust
be aware of its properties, how it affects the body, and what to do in emergency situations.
TOPPSWellService,Inc.shallensurethatallpersonnelwhowillbeworkingatthejobsitewill
beproperlytrainedinH2Sawarenessandcontingencyprocedures.
16.2.1 H2S Characteristics
Hydrogensulfideisapowerfulanddeadlygaswhichiscolorlessandsmellslikerotteneggsat
low concentrations and has a sweet smell at high concentrations. But workers should not rely
onthesmellasawarningasthegasquicklyparalyzestheolfactorynerveswhichallowyouto
smell.Theresultcouldbeinstantdeath.Longexposuretolowconcentrationswillalsodeaden
thesenseofsmell.
H2Sisexplosiveitwilligniteandexplodewhensubjectedtoasparkorordinaryflameinany
concentrationfrom4%to44%oftheair.Itisalsosolubleinwaterandoil,soitmayflowfora
considerabledistancefromitsoriginbeforeescapingabovegroundorinanentirelyunexpected
place.Becausethevaporisheavierthanair,itmaytravelforalongwayuntilignitedandthen
flashbacktowardsthesource.OneoftheproductsofburningH2SisSulfurDioxide,alsoatoxic
gas.
If the gas is burned, toxic products such as sulfur dioxide will be formed. Hydrogen sulfide is
incompatible with oxidizing agents, such as nitric acid and chlorine trifluoride, and may react
violentlyorignitespontaneously.
16.2.2 Sources of H2S
H2Sisfoundwidelyinindustryandfewworkersarewarnedofitsdangers,ortheirexposure.It
is formed by the decomposition of organic materials, so it is found in natural gas and oil,
recycled drilling mud, water from sour crude wells, in mines, wells, fertilizers, sewers, and
cesspools. It is given off as a byproduct in the manufacture of rayon, synthetic rubber, dyes,
andthetanningofleather.
Hydrogensulfideisfoundinlargeamountsinnaturalgasandpetroleum.Anyworkerinvolved
inextractinggasandpetroleumfromtheground,orinstoring,transporting,orprocessinggas
isatriskfromexposuretoH2S.Hydrogensulfideexistsinsolutionincrudeoil,andworkersare
exposedwhenthegasbeginsto"passoff"asitreachesthesurfaceorcomesintocontactwith
air. This can occur at any point, including all stages of the refining operation, and it is
acceleratedbyheatorhotweather.
221
Fundamentally,employersandemployeesmustbealerttothefactthatworkingwitha"closed
system"doesnotalwaysensuresafety.Operationsinvolvingtheopeningofvalvesorpumpson
otherwise closed systems or working on such equipment that is not isolated or locked out are
particularsourcesofdanger.Whenanormallyclosedsystemisopened,thepotentialexistsfor
releasinghazardouschemicalsintotheworkers'breathingzonesinunknownconcentrations.
16.2.3 Health Effects on the Body
Hydrogen Sulfide is extremely toxic. When you breathe in H2S, it goes directly through your
lungs and into your bloodstream. To protect itself, your body "oxidizes" the H2S as rapidly as
possibleintoaharmlesscompound.
165
If you breathe in so much H2S thatyour body cannot oxidize all of it, the H2S builds up in the
blood and you become poisoned. It may cause death instantaneously in high airborne
concentrations. The nervous centers in your brain that control breathing are paralyzed. Your
lungs stop working and you are asphyxiated just as though someone had come up and put
theirhandsaroundyourneckandstrangledyou.
Asinglebreathofhydrogensulfideatabout1000ppmmayparalyzetherespiratorysystemand
result in coma and death. A worker can be overcome by H2S and lose consciousness in a few
seconds; luckily if he is rescued in time and is given artificial respiration within a few minutes,
the worker may recover. Either artificial mouthtomouth or an oxygen supply system of
resuscitationwillworkifitisdoneintime,because,withanadequatesourceofoxygenandno
furtherH2Sintake,thebodywillquicklybreakdowntheH2Sstillintheblood.
Low levels may be extremely irritating to the lungs, nose, throat, and eyes. Hydrogen Sulfide
canbedetectedbysmellatlevelsaslowas0.13partsH2Spermillionpartsair.Odorcannotbe
used as a warning because the gas can deaden the sense of smell within 2 to 15 minutes in
exposures of approximately 100 ppm. Convulsions may also occur. Prolonged exposure at
about250ppmH2Smaycausethelungtissuetoswellandfillupwithwater.Thiseffectmay
occuraftertheexposedworkerrecoversfromtheirritanteffectsofthegas.Exposuresof20to
50ppmhydrogensulfideforonehourmaycauseinflammationofthecorneaandthedelicate
liningoftheeyeandeyelid.Exposuresforlongperiodsat50ppmmaycausesevereirritation
of the nose, throat and lungs. Workers exposed to lower concentrations of H2S may develop
headaches,eyedisorders,andchronicbronchitis.
16.2.4 Chronic effects
Hydrogen Sulfide can also cause a wide range of subacute and chronic effects. At very low
concentrations of 10100 ppm.) headache, dizziness, nausea, and vomiting may develop,
togetherwithirritationoftheeyesandrespiratorytract.Theeyesbecomered,sore,inflamed,
222
and sensitive to light. Respiratory system effects include cough, pain in the nose and throat,
andpainonbreathing.
If exposure at low levels continues, the worker may develop a state of chronic poisoning. In
addition to eye and respiratory tract irritation, there will be a slowed pulse rate, fatigue,
insomnia,digestivedisturbances,andcoldsweats.Moredangerous,ifexposureatthelevelof
100ppmlastsforseveralhours,itmayresultindeathwithinthenext48hours.Symptomsof
chronicexposuresatlowlevelsareconjunctivitis,headache,attacksofdizziness,diarrhea,and
lossofweight.
ChronicH2Sintoxicationismarkedbyheadaches,eyedisorders,chronicbronchitis,andagrey
greenlineonthegums.Reportsofnervoussystemdisordersincludingparalysis,meningitis,and
neurologicalproblemshavebeenreported,butnotconfirmed.
A study of workers and community residents of a California refinery engaged in extracting
sulfur from crude oil, which is rich in H2S, complained of headaches, nausea, vomiting,
depression, personality changes, nosebleeds, and breathing difficulties. When compared to a
nonexposed group of people, the exposed people showed abnormalities of color
discrimination,eyehandcoordination,balance,andmooddisturbances.
Hydrogen Sulfide can penetrate the skin and cause toxicosis in people exposed to large
concentrations over long periods. The speed of onset of acute H2S poisoning and the potency
ofH2Sarealmostthesameasforcyanidegas.Inrats,exposuretoH2Shascausedteratogenic
effects.
16.2.5 Symptoms of H2S exposure.
H2S is classified as a chemical asphyxiant, similar to carbon monoxide and cyanide gases. It
inhibits cellular respiration and uptake of oxygen, causing biochemical suffocation. Exposure
levelstoH2Sandsymptomsofthatexposurearedividedintodifferenttoxicitylevels,shownin
thechartbelow.
223
UseandoperationofH2Smonitoringsystems&detectionmethodsusedonsite
Employees working at jobsites where there is a potential for exposure to hazardous
atmospheres, will be supplied with personal monitoring equipment that must be carried
outsideofclothingontheworkeratalltimeswhenintheworkarea.Themonitorssuppliedwill
becapableofsensingaminimumof10ppmofH2Sintheatmosphere;andwillactivateaudible
andvisualalarmswhentheconcentrationofH2Sintheatmospherereaches20ppm.20ppmis
theacceptableceilingconcentrationforH2Sexposure,and50ppmistheacceptablemaximum
peakabovetheacceptableceilingconcentrationforan8hourshiftwithaonetime10minute
exposureonlyifnoothermeasuredexposureexists.
Alternatively, stationary monitors may be installed. Personal or stationary monitors must be
capable of sounding an audible alarm or warning. The Safety Personnel will administer the
monitor maintenance program for TOPPS Well Service, Inc.. Monitors will be calibrated and
maintainedpermanufacturersinstructions.
16.2.6 Proper use and maintenance of PPE.
See TOPPS Well Service, Inc. Policy on respiratory protection. Employees working in areas
wherethepossibilityofexposuretotoxicgasesexistswillbeprovidedNIOSHapprovedfullface
SCBA respiratory equipment, and trained in their use and maintenance according to the
224
company Respiratory Protection Program which is administered by The Safety Personnel.
DemonstratedproficiencyinusingPPEisrequiredbytheprogram.
16.2.7 Locations and use of safety equipment.
Personal hazardous atmosphere detection monitors and respiratory protective equipment will
beimmediatelyavailabletoeachemployeeatalltimesintheworkarea.Safetyequipmentwill
bekeptimmediatelyavailabletoallemployeesonthejobsite.
AllemployeesofTOPPSWellService,Inc.mustbenotifiedofthelocationofsafetyequipment
on each jobsite prior to commencement of work. Only personnel trained in the proper use of
anyrequiredsafetyequipmentwillbeallowedonthejobsite.
RecognitionandresponsetoH2Swarningsattheworkplace
TOPPS Well Service, Inc. employees at will be required to respond immediately to audio or
visual warnings issued either by personal monitoring equipment or established workplace
general warning signals. Workplace sitespecific contingency plans of the plant owner will be
reviewed with personnel and provisions of the plan followed. When a warning signal is
sounded,employeesmustimmediatelydonSCBArespiratoryprotectionandinitiateevacuation
procedures. Evacuation plans must be established for each worksite prior to commencement
ofwork.TheSafetyPersonnel,ortheforemaninchargeofthejobsite,willberesponsiblefor
supervision of evacuation procedures, checking for proper use of respiratory protection,
ensuringallemployeesareclearedofthehazardarea,notificationofthefacilitymanagement,
andassemblyandheadcountofevacuatedpersonnelatdesignatedsafeareas.
ProperrescuetechniquesandfirstaidprocedurestobeusedinaH2Sexposure.
First aid kit and oxygen will be kept in the supervisors work vehicle and available to all
employees. A litter for transport of incapacitated workers will be provided by TOPPS Well
Service,Inc.,andkeptonsite,ifoneisnotavailablefromthefacility.
IntheeventanemployeeisexposedtoH2S,theemployeewillimmediatelybeevacuatedtoa
safe briefing area, emergency medical services will be notified, and oxygen will be
administered, along with CPR if required. Oxygen will be administered regardless of the
condition of the victim to ensure a reduction of the absorption concentration of H2S. If an
employee is rendered unconscious due to H2S exposure, assigned personnel wearing proper
SCBAmustrespondtoperformrescueoperationsofthevictim.
Locationsofsafebriefingareas.
Safebriefingareaswillbedesignatedoutsidetheworkzoneforeachworklocationwherethe
possibility of hazardous atmospheres exist. At least two briefing areas will be designated for
225
each worksite. Workers will be notified of these areas prior to the commencement of work.
The Safety Personnel will be responsible for evaluation and designation of safe briefing areas
forTOPPSWellService,Inc..
Winddirectionawarenessandroutesofegress.
Wind direction will be monitored by The Safety Personnel at the beginning of each shift to
determinesafeegressroutesforemployeesintheeventofanevacuation.Winddirectionwill
beregularlycheckedandnotedthroughouttheworkshiftforwindshiftwhichwillnecessarily
facilitate a change of egress routes for evacuation. Evacuation routes will be determined for
eachworkareabeforecommencementofwork,androuteswillbeclearlymarkedandposted
in conspicuous areas in the workplace. In the event of an emergency evacuation, The Safety
Personnel will be responsible for determination and notification of the proper egress route to
beusedforemployeesafety.
16.2.8 Confined space and enclosed facility entry procedures.
Whenever employees enter a confined space, such as a tank, strict work practices will be
followed,includingthecompanypermitentrysystem.
The Safety Personnel will ensure that the TOPPS Well Service, Inc. Confined Space Entry
programisadheredto,thattheairiscontinuallymonitoredforthepresenceofH2S,andthata
workerbestationedasamonitoroutsideofaconfinedspace.Suppliedairrespirators,lifelines,
andrescueequipmentmustbeimmediatelyavailable.
SeeTOPPSWellService,Inc.PolicyonPermitRequiredConfinedSpaces.Theseprocedureswill
beenforcedinallconfinedworksituations.
HydrogenSulfide
ExposureLimits
NIOSHREL:C10ppm[10minute]
OSHAPEL:C20ppm50ppm[10minutemaximumpeak]
IDLH100ppm
Conversion1ppm=1.40mg/m3
Physical Description Colorless gas with a strong odor of rotten eggs. [Note: Sense of smell
becomesrapidlyfatigued&canNOTbereliedupontowarnofthecontinuouspresenceofH2S.
Shippedasaliquefiedcompressedgas.]
226
MW:34.1
BP:77F
FRZ:122F
Sol:0.4%
VP:17.6atm
IP:10.46eV
RGasD:1.19
Fl.P:NA
UEL:44.0%
LEL:4.0%
FlammableGas
Incompatibilities&ReactivitiesStrongoxidizers,strongnitricacid,metals
MeasurementMethodsNIOSH6013;OSHAID141
PersonalProtection&Sanitation
Skin:Frostbite
Eyes:Frostbite
Washskin:Norecommendation
Remove:Whenwet
Change:Norecommendation
Provide:Frostbite
FirstAid
Eye:Frostbite
Skin:Frostbite
Breathing:Respiratorysupport
227
16.2.9 Respirator Recommendations NIOSH
Up to 100 ppm: Any powered, airpurifying respirator with cartridge providing protection
againstthecompoundofconcern/Anyairpurifying,fullfacepiecerespiratorwithachinstyle,
front or backmounted canister providing protection against the compound of concern/ Any
suppliedairrespirator*/Anyselfcontainedbreathingapparatuswithafullfacepiece
Emergency or planned entry into unknown concentrations or IDLH conditions: Any self
containedbreathingapparatusthathasafullfacepieceandisoperatedinapressuredemand
or other positivepressure mode/ Any suppliedair respirator that has a full face piece and is
operated in a pressuredemand or other positivepressure mode in combination with an
auxiliaryselfcontainedpositivepressurebreathingapparatus.
Escape: Any airpurifying, fullface piece respirator with a chinstyle, front or backmounted
canister providing protection against the compound of concern/Any appropriate escapetype,
selfcontainedbreathingapparatus
ExposureRoutesinhalation,skinand/oreyecontact
Symptoms Irritation eyes, respiratory system; apnea, coma, convulsions; conjunctivitis, eye
pain, lacrimation , photophobia , corneal vesiculation; dizziness, headache, lassitude ,
irritability,insomnia;gastrointestinaldisturbance;liquid:frostbite
TargetOrgansEyes,respiratorysystem,andcentralnervoussystem
Uses:HydrogenSulfideH2Sisusedinmetallurgyforthepreparationofmetallicsulfides.Itis
alsousedinthepreparationofphosphors,oiladditives,andasananalyticalreagentinchemical
analysis. It is in metals separation, removal of metallic impurities and for reaction with
numerousfunctionalorganiccompounds.

228
17.0 Incident Investigation and Reporting Policy
PolicyStatementTOPPSWellService,Inc.iscommittedtoinvestigatingallaccidents/incidents.
The Safety Personnel is responsible for ensuring that the Incident Investigation and Reporting
policy is followed. TOPPS Well Service, Inc. will investigate all losttime injuries. Fatalities and
catastrophesmustbereportedtoOSHAwithin8hours.Seriousaccidentsmustbereportedto
OSHAwithin24hours.
OSHArequiresreportingofworkrelatedincidentsresultinginthedeathofanemployeeorthe
hospitalization of threeor more employees. Owner clients requireall incidents to be reported
including, but not limited to, injuries, spills, property damage, fires, explosions, and vehicle
damage. Accidents and near miss incidents that result in personal injury, property damage,
chemical spill, or other emergency situations will be immediately reported to the assigned
supervisor at the time of the event and Emergency Medical Service, Fire Department, or
Hazmat Services will be immediately summoned. Such events will be investigated and
documented on the appropriate Company form. All forms will be fully completed and
submitted to The Safety Personnel for review and for discussion at the next scheduled Safety
Annual Safety Meeting. These investigations demonstrate the companys commitment to
providingasafeandhealthfulworkenvironment.
DisciplinaryPolicywillbeenforced.Toensurethataccidentswillbereported,employeesmust
beencouragedtoparticipateinthefactfinding process.
The point emphasized must be that hazardous conditions and unsafe practices are an
indication of a much bigger problem with a breakdown in the safety and health policy. The
purpose of the accident investigation then becomes one that will uncover these system
problemsandprovidesolutionsthatwillresultinlongtermcorrectiveaction.Itisimportantto
gather facts and interview witnesses as soon as possible after an accident to ensure the most
accurateinformationisbeingrecorded.Theefficiencyofthecorrectivemeasuresisdetermined
by the accuracy of the information gathered. The best place to conduct an interview is
wherevertheemployeebeinginterviewedfeelsmostcomfortable.
The most important interviewing technique you can use to ensure accuracy is to listen .
Note: Consider the event a serious accident if an employee is admitted to a hospital for
treatment or observation as a result of injuries suffered from a workplace accident.
Accident/Incident Causes Accidents occur when hazards escape detection during preventive
measures,suchasajoborprocesssafetyassessment,whenhazardsarenotobvious,orasthe
resultofcombinationsofcircumstancesthatweredifficulttoforesee.
A thorough accident investigation may identifypreviously overlooked physical,environmental,
or process hazards, the need for new or more extensive safety training, or unsafe work
229
practices. The primary focus of any accident investigation should be the determination of the
facts surrounding the incident and the lessons that can be learned to prevent future similar
occurrences. The focus of the investigation should NEVER be to place blame. The process
shouldbepositiveandthoughtofasanopportunityforimprovement.
WhenAccident/IncidentInvestigationsareRequiredAsageneralrule,investigationsshouldbe
conductedfor:
Allinjuries.
Allaccidentswithpotentialforinjury.
Fires,explosions,Spills
Propertyand/orproductdamagesituations.
AllNearMisses wheretherewaspotentialforseriousinjury.
Near miss and incident reporting and investigation allow you to identify and control hazards
before they cause a more serious incident. Accident/incident investigations are a tool for
uncovering hazards that either were missed earlier or hazards where controls were defeated.
However,itisimportanttorememberthattheinvestigationisonlyusefulwhenitsobjectiveis
to identify root causes. In other words, every contributing factor to the incident must be
uncoveredandrecommendationsmadetopreventrecurrence.Accident/IncidentInvestigation
Plan When a serious accident occurs in the workplace, everyone will be too busy dealing with
theemergencyathandtoworryaboutputtingtogetheraninvestigationplan,sothebesttime
to develop effective accident investigation procedures is before the accident occurs. The plan
shouldincludeproceduresthatdetermine:
Whoshouldbenotifiedofaccident?
Whoisauthorizedtonotifyoutsideagencies?
Whoisassignedtoconductinvestigations?
Trainingrequiredforaccidentinvestigators:
Whoreceivesandactsoninvestigationreports?
Timetables for conducting hazard correction. Reporting Requirements Local reporting
sequenceofeventsForInjuries
Ifafatalinjury,illness,orhospitalizationofthreeormoreemployeesoccurs,theplant
managerwillimmediatelynotifythefollowingpersonsandagency:
CorporateEnvironmentalHealthandSafetyOwner
DivisionManager
GroupManagerorTeamLeader
TheareaOSHAofficeInvolvingtheEnvironment
230
Ifanenvironmentalincidentoccursthatisrequiredtobereportedtolocal,stateand/or
federalagencies,thefollowingpersonsshouldbenotified:
o CorporateEHSOwner
o DivisionManager
o GroupManagerorTeamLeader Appropriatelocal,stateand/orfederalagency
Timeelementsofwhenincidentshouldbereported
TOPPSWellService,Inc.isrequiredtoverballyreportincidentstoOSHAwithin8hours
ofdiscovery.
Incidentsmustbereportedtoownerclientassoonaspossible.ReportableIncidents
injury,illness,death,hospitalizationofemployees
spills,propertydamage,fires,explosions,vehicledamage
Secure the Accident/Incident Scene For a serious accident, the first action the accident team
needs to take is to secure the accident scene so material evidence is not moved or removed.
Materialevidencehasatendencytowalkoffafteranaccident.Iftheaccidentisquiteserious,
OSHAmayinspectandrequirethatallmaterialevidencebemarkedandremainatthesceneof
theaccident.
OnsitefirstresponseEmployeeswhocouldbefirstrespondersshouldbetrainedandqualified
in first aid techniques to control the degree of loss during the immediate postincident phase.
Prevent further loss. After an immediate rescue, TOPPS Well Service, Inc. will take actions to
preventfurtherloss:forexample:
Maintenance personnel should be summoned to assess integrity of building and equipment,
engineering personnel to evaluate the need for bracing of structures, and special
equipment/responserequirementssuchassaferenderingofhazardousmaterialsorexplosives
employed.GatherInformationThenextstepistogatherusefulinformationaboutwhatdirectly
andindirectlycontributedtotheaccident.
The proper equipment will be available to assist in conducting an investigation:, Writing
equipment such as paper, pens, pens, measuring equipment, cameras, small tools, audio
recorder, PPE, marking devices such as flags, equipments manuals, etc. The following tools
shouldbeusedtogatherasmuchinformationaspossible:
Locate witnesses, ensuring unbiased testimony, & obtain appropriate interviewing
location
Toensuredetailedinterviews,interviewersmustbetrained
Interview eye witnesses as soon as possible after the accident. Interview witnesses
separately,neverasagroup.Statementsmustbecollected.
Interviewotherinterestedpersonssuchassupervisors,coworkers,etc.
231
Followupinterviewswithallwitnesses.
Reviewrelatedrecordssuchas:
Trainingrecords
Disciplinaryrecords
Medicalrecords
Maintenancerecords
OSHA300Log
SafetyAnnualSafetyMeetingrecords
Document the scene with photographs, videotape, or sketches AND appropriate
measurements. Evidence Initial Identification of evidence immediately following the
incident will include a listing of People, equipment, and materials involved and a
recordingoffactorssuchasweather,illuminationtemperature,noise,ventilation,Etc.
TOPPSWellService,Inc.mustkeepacollectionofevidence,andensurethatitispreservedand
secure.Evidencesuchaspeople,positionsofequipment,parts,andpapersmustbepreserved,
secured, and collected through, notes, photographs, witness statements, flagging, and
impoundingofdocumentsandequipment.
DevelopaSequenceofEventsUsetheinformationgatheredtodevelopadetailedstepbystep
description of the accident. Make sure the accident is documented in enough detail to enable
an individual unfamiliar with the situation to envision the sequence of events. Do not just
describetheaccidentitself;includeadescriptionofeventsthatleduptotheaccident.Analyze
theAccident/Incident
Thenextstepistodeterminethecauseoftheaccident.Thisisthemostdifficultstepbecause
firsttheeventsmustbeanalyzedtodiscoversurfacecausefortheaccident,andthen,byasking
why anumberoftimes,therelatedrootcausesareuncovered.Remember,surfacecausesare
usually pretty obvious and not too difficult to determine. However, it may take a great deal
moretimetoaccuratelydeterminetheweaknessesinthemanagementsystem,orrootcauses,
thatcontributedtotheconditionsandpracticesassociatedwiththeaccident.
More on surface causes: The surface causes of accidents are those hazardous conditions and
individual unsafe employee/manager behaviors that have directly caused or contributed in
somewaytotheaccident.Hazardousconditionsmayexistinanyofthefollowingcategories:
Materials
Machinery
Equipment
232
Tools
Chemicals
Environment
Workstations
Facilities
People
Workload
It is important to know that most hazardous conditions in the workplace are the result of
unsafebehaviorsthatproducedthem.Individualunsafebehaviorsmayoccuratanylevelofthe
organization.Someexampleofunsafeemployee/managerbehaviorsinclude:
Failingtocomplywithrules
Usingunsafemethods
Takingshortcuts
Horseplay
Failingtoreportinjuries
Failingtoreporthazards
Allowingunsafebehaviors
Failingtotrain
Failingtosupervise
Failingtocorrect
Schedulingtoomuchwork
Ignoringworkerstress
Moreonrootcauses:Therootcausesforaccidentsaretheunderlyingsystemweaknessesthat
havesomehowcontributedtotheexistenceofhazardousconditionsandunsafebehaviorsthat
representsurfacescausesofaccidents.
Root causes always preexist surface causes. Inadequately designed system components have
thepotentialtofeedandnurturehazardousconditionsandunsafebehaviors.Ifrootcausesare
leftunchecked,surfacecauseswillflourish!Rootcausesmaybeseparatedintotwocategories:
System design weaknesses Missing or inadequately designed policies, programs, plans,
processes, and procedures will affect conditions and practices generally throughout the
workplace.Defectsinsystemdesignrepresenthazardoussystemconditions.
System implementation weaknesses Failures to initiate, carry out, or accomplish safety
policies, programs, plans, processes, and procedures. Defects in implementation represent
ineffectivemanagementbehavior.
233
SystemDesignWeaknesses
Missingorinadequatesafetypolicies/rules
Trainingprogramnotinplace
Poorlywrittenplans
Inadequateprocess
Noproceduresinplace
DevelopPreventiveActions
SystemImplementationWeaknesses
Safetypolicies/rulesarenotbeingenforced
Safetytrainingisnotbeingconducted
Adequatesupervisionisnotconducted
Incident/Accidentanalysisisinconsistent
Lockout/Tagoutproceduresarenotreviewedannually
CorrectiveActionsThisisthemostimportantpieceofanyinvestigation.Alloftheworkdoneto
thispointculminateswithrecommendationstopreventsimilaraccidentsfromhappeninginthe
future.Recommendationsshouldrelatedirectlytothesurfaceandrootcausesoftheaccident.
These recommendations should include recommended actions such as: Assigned
responsibilitiesrelativetothecorrectiveactions. Actionsshouldbetrackedtoclosure.
Engineeringcontrols.
Workpracticecontrols.
Administrativecontrols.
Personalprotectiveequipment.
Itiscrucialthat,aftermakingrecommendationstoeliminateorreducethesurfacecauses,that
thesameprocedureisusedtorecommendactionstocorrecttherootcauses.Ifrootcausesare
notcorrected,itisonlyamatteroftimebeforeasimilaraccidentoccurs.
17.1 Roles and Responsibilities
TheSafetyPersonnelisresponsiblefor:
implementingthisprocedureintheirareaofresponsibilityandaccountability
ensuringthatappropriatestaffreceivesuitabletrainingtocarryouttheirroleinhazard
andincidentreporting,investigationandrecording;
completingtheonlinelearningprogramforIncidentInvestigation
promptly reporting and investigating incidents in their area of responsibility and
accountability
234
completing and forwarding incident report forms as soon as practicable and within
designatedtimelinesusingapprovedformsforincidentreporting
implementingidentifiedriskcontrolmeasurestopreventrecurrenceofincidents
consulting with staff in relation to the measures to be taken to prevent recurrence of
incidents
reviewinghazard/incidentreportsfortheirareatoensurethatallrecommendationsare
implemented
ensuring,asfarasisreasonablypracticable,thatadequatefinancialprovisionandother
resourcesaremadeavailabletoinstitutetherecommendedactions
Staffisresponsiblefor:
notplacingthemselvesorothersatriskofinjury
reportingincidentstotheirsupervisorormanager,andhealthandsafetyrepresentative
,assoonaspossibleaftertheevent
participating in the development of appropriate risk control measures to prevent
recurrenceofsimilarincidents
usingriskcontrolmeasuresasrequiredandanyotheractiontaken,whichisdesignedto
protecthealthandsafety.
HealthandSafetyRepresentativesareencouragedtoparticipateininvestigationsofincidents
and assist with the development of measures to prevent recurrence of incidents. Personnel
must be trained in their roles and responsibilities for incident response and incident
investigationtechniques.Trainingrequirementsrelativetoincidentinvestigationandreporting
shouldbeidentifiedinthisprogram.WrittenIncidentreportWrittenincidentreportsshouldbe
prepared and include an incident report form and a detailed narrative statement concerning
theevent.Theformatofthenarrativemayincludeanintroduction,methodology,summaryof
the incident, investigation board members names, narrative of the event, findings, and
recommendations. Photographs, witness statements, drawings, etc. should be included
Documentation and Communications of lessons learned Lessons learned should be reviewed
andcommunicated.Changestoprocessesmustbeplacedintoeffecttopreventreoccurrences
orsimilarevents.
Summary A successful accident investigation determines not only what happened, but also
finds how and why the accident occurred. Investigations are crucial as an effort to prevent a
similar or perhaps more disastrous sequence of events. Research has shown that a typical
accidentistheresultofmanyrelatedandunrelatedfactorsthatsomehowallcometogetherat
thesametime.Itisestimatedthatthereareusuallymorethantenfactorsthatcontributetoa
serious accident. Although, this combination of factors normally makes an investigation very
time consuming and resource intensive, the good news is that the accident can normally be
preventedbyremovingonlyafewofthecontributingfactors.Notes
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17.2 CODE OF CONDUCT
Proactive management includes Supervisory leadership and control to change
unproductive activities. Conformance with safety policies, rules, and regulations is a
necessarycomponentofourSafetyProgram.
Employee safety responsibilities are communicated during initial orientation. Safety
rulesandregulationsarereviewedwithemployeesbytheirsupervisorsandarepartof
thedocumentedEmployeeSafetyTrainingProcess.
Supervisorsunderstandandenforcesafetyrulesasapartoftheirjob.Thisprocessmay
involvecoaching,counseling,verbal,orwrittenreprimands,anddisciplineintheformof
suspension and/or termination. When appropriate, documented verbal warnings and
reprimandsareissuedandcarriedoutbysupervisors.
Failure to adhere to any of the Safety Rules and Safe Work Practices will result in
disciplinaryaction.Alldisciplinewillbedocumentedintheemployeesfolder.Discipline
maybemoreseveredependingontheoffense.
Employee
Signature:___________________________________________Date:_______
Supervisor
Signature:___________________________________________Date:_______

236
DateofAccident________________________________________
Time:________________________________________________
DayofWeek S M T W T F S
Shift 1 2 3
Department_________________________________________________
INJUREDPERSON______________________________________________
Name:______________________________________________________
Address:
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
Age:________________________________________________________
Phone:______________________________________________________
JobTitle:____________________________________________________
SupervisorName:______________________________________________
LengthofEmploymentatCompany:_______________________________
LengthofEmploymentatJob:____________________________________
EmployeeClassification:FullTime PartTime Contract Temporary
NatureofInjury
Bruising Dislocaon Other________________________
InjuredBodyPart:
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
237
Strain/Sprain
Fracture
Scratch/Abrasion
Amputaon
Internal
Laceraon/Cut
ForeignBody
ChemicalReacon
Burn/Scald
Remarks:
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
Treatment
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
NameandAddressofTreatingPhysicianorFacility:
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
FirstAid
EmergencyRoom
Dr.sOce
Hospitalizaon
DAMAGEDPROPERTY
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Property,Equipment,orMaterialDamaged
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
238
DescribeDamage
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
ObjectorSubstanceInflictingDamage:
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
INCIDENTDESCRIPTION
Describewhathappened
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

239
ROOTCAUSEANALYSIS
UnsafeActs
Safetyrulesnotenforced
ImproperPPEorPPEnot
used
UnsafeCondions
Hazardsnotidened
Operangwithoutauthority
ManagementDeciencies
Hazardoussubstances
Fireorexplosionhazard
Improperworktechnique
PPEunavailable
Failuretowarnorsecure
Poorworkstation
design/layout
Inadequatevenlaon
Insucientworkertraining
Lackofwrienpolicies
&procedures
Operangatimproper
speeds
Impropermaterialstorage
Safetyruleviolaon
Insufficientsupervisor
training
Bypassingsafetydevices
Congestedworkarea
Impropertoolorequipment
Impropermaintenance
Guardsnotused
Insucientknowledgeof
job
Inadequatesupervision
Improperloadingor
placement
Slipperycondions
Inadequatejobplanning
Improperliing
Poorhousekeeping
Inadequatehiringpracces
Servicingmachineryin
motion
Excessivenoise
Inadequateworkplace
inspection
Horseplay
Inadequatehazards
guarding
Inadequateequipment
Drugoralcoholuse
Defecvetools/equipment
Unsafedesignor
construction
Unnecessaryhaste
Insucientlighng
Unrealiscscheduling
Unsafeactofothers
Inadequatefallprotection
Poorprocessdesign
Other:_____________________________________________________________________
Other:_____________________________________________________________________
Other:_____________________________________________________________________

240
ACCIDENT/INCIDENT ANALYSIS
Using the rootcause analysis list on the previous page, explain the cause of the incident in as
muchdetailaspossible.
Makesketchesorillustrationstohelpdescribeincident:

241
Howbadcouldtheaccidenthavebeen?
Fatality VerySerious Serious Minor
Whatisthechanceoftheaccidenthappeningagain?
Frequent Occasional Rare
PREVENTIVE ACTIONS
Describeactionsthatwillbetakentopreventrecurrence:
Deadline: ByWhom:
Completed
INVESTIGATIONTEAM:
Name:
Signature:
Position:
242
18.0 Company Policy for Ladders and Stairways
TOPPS Well Service, Inc. has adopted this safety program for Ladders and Stairways from the
followingOSHAregulations:
1926.1050LaddersandStairways
181 Ladders and Stairways
TOPPS Well Service, Inc. has implemented this policy to ensure that no employee is exposed
hazardscausedbyimproperorunsafeuseofladdersand/orstairways.TOPPSWellService,Inc.
will provide a training program for each employee using ladders and stairways. The program
willenableeachemployeetorecognizehazardsrelatedtoladdersandstairwaysandwilltrain
each employee in the procedures to be followed to minimize these hazards. The Safety
Personnel is the supervisor responsible for ensuring the following training and safe work
practicesareenforced:
1. TheSafetyPersonnelwillensurethateachemployeehasbeentrainedbyacompetent
personinthefollowingareas,asapplicable:
2. Thenatureoffallhazardsintheworkarea.
3. The correct procedures for erecting, maintaining, and disassembling the fall protection
systemstobeused.
4. The proper construction, use, placement, and care in handling of all stairways and
ladders.
5. Themaximumintendedloadcarryingcapacitiesofladders.
6. Thestandardscontainedin1926.1050LaddersandStairways.
7. Retraining will be provided for each employee as necessary so that the employee
maintains the understanding and knowledge acquired through previous training
requiredforOSHAcompliance.
TheSafetyPersonnelwillensurethefollowingrequirementsareadheredtoconcerningtheuse
ofallladders:
1. Whenportableladdersareusedforaccesstoanupperlandingsurface,theladderside
rails will extend at least 3 feet above the upper landing surface to which the ladder is
usedtogainaccess;or,whensuchanextensionisnotpossiblebecauseoftheladder's
length,thentheladderwillbesecuredatitstoptoarigidsupportthatwillnotdeflect,
and a grasping device, such as a grabrail, will be provided to assist employees in
mountinganddismountingtheladder.Innocasewilltheextensionbesuchthatladder
deflectionunderaloadwould,byitself,causetheladdertoslipoffitssupport.
2. Ladderswillbemaintainedfreeofoil,grease,andotherslippinghazards.
243
3. Ladder rungs, cleats, and steps will be parallel, level, and uniformly spaced when the
ladderisinpositionforuse.
4. Ladders will not be loaded beyond the maximum intended load for which they were
builtorbeyondtheirmanufacturer'sratedcapacity.
182 Employee Requirements
1. Ladderswillbeusedonlyforthepurposeforwhichtheyweredesigned.
2. Nonselfsupporting ladders will be used at an angle such that the horizontal distance
from the top support to the foot of the ladder is approximately onequarter of the
workinglengthoftheladder.
3. Wood jobmade ladders with spliced side rails will be used at an angle such that the
horizontaldistanceisoneeighththeworkinglengthoftheladder.
4. Fixedladderswillbeusedatapitchnogreaterthan90degreesfromthehorizontal,as
measuredtothebacksideoftheladder.
5. Ladders will be used only on stable and level surfaces unless secured to prevent
accidentaldisplacement.
6. Ladders will not be used on slippery surfaces unless secured or provided with slip
resistantfeettopreventaccidentaldisplacement.Slipresistantfeetwillnotbeusedas
a substitute for care in placing, lashing, or holding a ladder that is used upon slippery
surfaces, including flat metal or concrete surfaces that are constructed so they cannot
bepreventedfrombecomingslippery.
7. Ladders placed in any location where they can be displaced by workplace activities or
traffic, such as in passageways, doorways, or driveways, will be secured to prevent
accidentaldisplacement,orabarricadewillbeusedtokeeptheactivitiesortrafficaway
fromtheladder.
8. Theareaaroundthetopandbottomofladderswillbekeptclear.
9. The top of a nonselfsupporting ladder will be placed with the two rails supported
equallyunlessitisequippedwithasinglesupportattachment.
10. Ladderswillnotbemoved,shifted,orextendedwhileoccupied.
11. Ladders will have nonconductive siderails if they are used where the employee or the
laddercouldcontactexposedenergizedelectricalequipment.
12. Thetoportopstepofastepladderwillnotbeusedasastep.
13. Crossbracingontherearsectionofstepladderswillnotbeusedforclimbingunlessthe
ladders are designed and provided with steps for climbing on both front and rear
sections.
14. Ladders will be inspected by a competent person for visible defects on a periodicbasis
andafteranyoccurrencethatcouldaffecttheirsafeuse.
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15. Portable ladders with structural defects, such as broken or missing rungs, cleats, or
steps, broken or split rails, corroded components, or other faulty or defective
components,willeitherbeimmediatelymarkedinamannerthatreadilyidentifiesthem
as defective, or be tagged with "DO NOT USE" or similar language, and will be
withdrawnfromserviceuntilrepaired.
16. Fixed ladders with structural defects, such as broken or missing rungs, cleats, or steps,
broken or split rails, or corroded components, will be withdrawn from service until
repaired.Thedefectiveladderwillbewithdrawnfromserviceinthefollowingmanner:
17. Immediatelytaggedwith"DoNotUse"orsimilarlanguage.
18. Markedinamethodthatreadilyidentifiesitasdefective.
19. Blockedfromfurtheruse,suchaswithaplywoodattachmentthatspansseveralrungs.
20. Before damaged or defective ladder may be returned to service, repairs will be made
thatrestoretheladdertoitsoriginaldesignspecifications.
21. Singlerailladderswillnotbeused.
22. Whenascendingordescendingaladder,theuserwillfacetheladder.
23. Each employee will use at least one hand to grasp the ladder when progressing up
and/ordowntheladder.
24. An employee will not carry any object or load that could cause the employee to lose
balanceandfall.
183 Safety Personnel Requirements
TheSafetyPersonnelwillensurethefollowingrequirementsareappliedtoallstairways:
1. Stairwaysthatwillnotbeapermanentpartofthestructureonwhichconstructionwork
isbeingperformedwillhavelandingsofnotlessthan30inchesinthedirectionoftravel
andextendatleast22inchesinwidthatevery12feetorlessofverticalrise.
2. Stairswillbeinstalledbetween30deg.and50deg.fromhorizontal.
3. Riser height and tread depth will be uniform within each flight of stairs, including any
foundationstructureusedasoneormoretreadsofthestairs.Variationsinriserheight
ortreaddepthwillnotbeoverinchinanystairwaysystem.
4. Wheredoorsorgatesopendirectlyonastairway,aplatformwillbeprovided,andthe
swing of the door will not reduce the effective width of the platform to less than 20
inches.
5. Metal pan landings and metal pan treads, when used, will be secured in place before
fillingwithconcreteorothermaterial.
6. Allpartsofstairwayswillbefreeofhazardousprojections,suchasprotrudingnails.
7. Slippery conditions on stairways will be eliminated before the stairways are used to
reachotherlevels.
245
8. Except during stairway construction, foot traffic is prohibited on stairways with pan
stairs where the treads and/or landings are to be filled in with concrete or other
materialatalaterdate,unlessthestairsaretemporarilyfittedwithwoodorothersolid
material at least to the top edge of each pan. Such temporary treads and landings will
bereplacedwhenwornbelowthelevelofthetopedgeofthepan.
9. Except during stairway construction, foot traffic is prohibited on skeleton metal stairs
where permanent treads and/or landings are to be installed at a later date, unless the
stairs are fitted with secured temporary treads and landings long enough to cover the
entiretreadand/orlandingarea.
10. Treads for temporary service will be made of wood or other solid material, and will be
installedthefullwidthanddepthofthestair.
11. Stairwayshavingfourormorerisersorrisingmorethan30inches,whicheverisless,will
beequippedwith:
a. Atleastonehandrail.
b. Onestairrailsystemalongeachunprotectedsideoredge.
12. Winding and spiral stairways will be equipped with a handrail offset sufficiently to
preventwalkingonthoseportionsofthestairwayswherethetreadwidthislessthan6
inches.
13. Theheightofstairrailswillbeasfollowswillbenotlessthan36inchesfromtheupper
surface of the stair rail system to the surface of the tread, in line with the face of the
riserattheforwardedgeofthetread.
14. Midrails, screens, mesh, intermediate vertical members, or equivalent intermediate
structural members, and will be provided between the top rail of the stair rail system
andthestairwaysteps.
15. Midrailswillbelocatedataheightmidwaybetweenthetopedgeofthestairrailsystem
andthestairwaysteps.
16. Screensormeshwillextendfromthetoprailtothestairwaystep,andalongtheentire
openingbetweentoprailsupports.
17. When intermediate vertical members, such as balusters, are used between posts, they
willbenotmorethan19inchesapart.
18. Other structural members will be installed such that there are no openings in the stair
railsystemthataremorethan19incheswide.
19. Handrailsandthetoprailsofstairrailsystemswillbecapableofwithstanding,without
failure, a force of at least 200 pounds applied within 2 inches of the top edge, in any
downwardoroutwarddirection,atanypointalongthetopedge.
20. Theheightofhandrailswillbenotmorethan37inchesorlessthan30inchesfromthe
uppersurfaceofthehandrailtothesurfaceofthetread.
246
21. Whenthetopedgeofastairrailsystemalsoservesasahandrail,theheightofthetop
edgewillbenotmorethan37inchesorlessthan36inches.
22. Stair rail systems and handrails will be so surfaced as to prevent injury to employees
frompuncturesorlacerations,andtopreventsnaggingofclothing.
23. Handrails will provide an adequate handhold for employees grasping them to avoid
falling.
24. Theendsofstairrailsystemsandhandrailswillbeconstructedsoasnottoconstitutea
projectionhazard.
25. Handrails that will not be a permanent part of the structure being built will have a
minimum clearance of 3 inches between the handrail and walls, stair rail systems, and
otherobjects.
26. Unprotected sides and edges of stairway landings will be provided with guardrail
systems.
184 Scope, application, and definitions
1. Scope and application. This subpart applies to all stairways and ladders used in
construction, alteration repair , and demolition workplaces covered under 29 CFR part
1926, and also sets forth, in specified circumstances, when ladders and stairways are
requiredtobeprovided.
2. Definitions.Seedefinitionsattheendofthissection.
1926.1051Generalrequirements
1. Astairwayorladdershallbeprovidedatallpersonnelpointsofaccesswherethereisa
breakinelevationof19inchesormore,andnoramp,runway,slopedembankment,or
personnelhoistisprovided.
2. Employees shall not use any spiral stairways that will not be a permanent part of the
structureonwhichconstructionworkisbeingperformed.
3. A doublecleated ladder or two or more separate ladders shall be provided when
ladders are the only mean of access or exit from a working area for 25 or more
employees,orwhenaladderistoservesimultaneoustwowaytraffic.
4. Whenabuildingorstructurehasonlyonepointofaccessbetweenlevels,thatpointof
access shall be kept clear to permit free passage of employees. When work must be
performedorequipmentmustbeusedsuchthatfreepassageatthatpointofaccessis
restricted,asecondpointofaccessshallbeprovidedandused.
5. Whenabuildingorstructurehastwoormorepointsofaccessbetweenlevels,atleast
onepointofaccessshallbekeptcleartopermitfreepassageofemployees.
6. Employers shall provide and install all stairway and ladder fall protection systems
required by this subpart and shall comply with all other pertinent requirements of this
247
subpart before employees begin the work that necessitates the installation and use of
stairways,ladders,andtheirrespectivefallprotectionsystems.
18.5 1926.1052 Stairways
General.Thefollowingrequirementsapplytoallstairwaysasindicated:
1. Stairwaysthatwillnotbeapermanentpartofthestructureonwhichconstructionwork
is being performed shall have landings of not less than 30 inches in the direction of
travelandextendatleast22inchesinwidthatevery12feetorlessofverticalrise.
2. Stairsshallbeinstalledbetween30deg.and50deg.fromhorizontal.
3. Riser height and tread depth shall be uniform within each flight of stairs, including any
foundationstructureusedasoneormoretreadsofthestairs.Variationsinriserheight
ortreaddepthshallnotbeover1/4inchinanystairwaysystem.
4. Wheredoorsorgatesopendirectlyonastairway,aplatformshallbeprovided,andthe
swing of the door shall not reduce the effective width of the platform to less than 20
inches.
5. Metal pan landings and metal pan treads, when used, shall be secured in place before
fillingwithconcreteorothermaterial.
6. Allpartsofstairwaysshallbefreeofhazardousprojections,suchasprotrudingnails.
7. Slippery conditions on stairways shall be eliminated before the stairways are used to
reachotherlevels.
8. Temporaryservice.Thefollowingrequirementsapplytoallstairwaysasindicated:
9. Except during stairway construction, foot traffic is prohibited on stairways with pan
stairs where the treads and/or landings are to be filled in with concrete or other
materialatalaterdate,unlessthestairsaretemporarilyfittedwithwoodorothersolid
materialatleasttothetopedgeofeachpan.Suchtemporarytreadsandlandingsshall
bereplacedwhenwornbelowthelevelofthetopedgeofthepan.
10. Except during stairway construction, foot traffic is prohibited on skeleton metal stairs
where permanent treads and/or landings are to be installed at a later date, unless the
stairs are fitted with secured temporary treads and landings long enough to cover the
entiretreadand/orlandingarea.
11. Treadsfortemporaryserviceshallbemadeofwoodorothersolidmaterial,andshallbe
installedthefullwidthanddepthofthestair.
186 Stairrails and handrails.
Thefollowingrequirementsapplytoallstairwaysasindicated:
1. Stairways having four or more risers or rising more than 30 inches , whichever is less,
shallbeequippedwith:
2. Atleastonehandrail;and
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3. ofthissectionapplies.
4. Winding and spiral stairways shall be equipped with a handrail offset sufficiently to
preventwalkingonthoseportionsofthestairwayswherethetreadwidthislessthan6
inches.
5. Theheightofstairrailsshallbeasfollows:
6. StairrailsinstalledafterMarch15,1991,shallbenotlessthan36inchesfromtheupper
surface of the stairrail system to the surface of the tread, in line with the face of the
7. Stairrails installed before March 15, 1991, shall be not less than 30 inches nor more
than34inchesfromtheuppersurfaceofthestairrailsystemtothesurfaceofthetread,
inlinewiththefaceoftheriserattheforwardedgeofthetread.
8. Midrails, screens, mesh, intermediate vertical members, or equivalent intermediate
structural members, shall be provided between the top rail of the stairrail system and
thestairwaysteps.
9. Midrails, when used, shall be located at a height midway between the top edge of the
stairrailsystemandthestairwaysteps.
10. Screens or mesh, when used, shall extend from the top rail to the stairway step, and
alongtheentireopeningbetweentoprailsupports.
11. When intermediate vertical members, such as balusters, are used between posts, they
shallbenotmorethan19inchesapart.
12. Otherstructuralmembers,whenused,shallbeinstalledsuchthattherearenoopenings
inthestairrailsystemthataremorethan19incheswide.
13. Handrailsandthetoprailsofstairrailsystemsshallbecapableofwithstanding,without
failure, a force of at least 200 pounds applied within 2 inches of the top edge, in any
downwardoroutwarddirection,atanypointalongthetopedge.
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14. Theheightofhandrailsshallbenotmorethan37inchesnorlessthan30inchesfrom
theuppersurfaceofthehandrailtothesurfaceofthetread,inlinewiththefaceofthe
15. Whenthetopedgeofastairrailsystemalsoservesasahandrail,theheightofthetop
edgeshallbenotmorethan37inchesnorlessthan36inchesfromtheuppersurface
ofthestairrailsystemtothesurfaceofthetread,inlinewiththefaceoftheriseratthe
forwardedgeofthetread.
16. Stairrail systems and handrails shall be so surfaced as to prevent injury to employees
frompuncturesorlacerations,andtopreventsnaggingofclothing.
17. Handrails shall provide an adequate handhold for employees grasping them to avoid
falling.
18. Theendsofstairrailsystemsandhandrailsshallbeconstructedsoasnottoconstitutea
projectionhazard.
19. Handrails that will not be a permanent part of the structure being built shall have a
minimum clearance of 3 inches between the handrail and walls, stairrail systems, and
otherobjects.
20. Unprotected sides and edges of stairway landings shall be provided with guardrail
systems.GuardrailsystemcriteriaarecontainedinSubpartMofthispart.
187 Ladders
General: The following requirements apply to all ladders as indicated, including jobmade
ladders.
Laddersshallbecapableofsupportingthefollowingloadswithoutfailure:
1. Each selfsupporting portable ladder: At least four times the maximum intended load,
except that each extraheavyduty type 1A metal or plastic ladder shall sustain at least
3.3 times the maximum intended load. The ability of a ladder to sustain the loads
indicatedinthisparagraphshallbedeterminedbyapplyingortransmittingtherequisite
load to the ladder in a downward vertical direction. Ladders built and tested in
conformance with the applicable provisions of Appendix A of this subpart will be
deemedtomeetthisrequirement.
2. Each portable ladder that is not selfsupporting: At least four times the maximum
intendedload,exceptthateachextraheavydutytype1Ametalorplasticladdersshall
sustainatleast3.3timesthemaximumintendedload.Theabilityofaladdertosustain
theloadsindicatedinthisparagraphshallbedeterminedbyapplyingortransmittingthe
requisiteloadtotheladderinadownwardverticaldirectionwhentheladderisplaced
at an angle of 75 1/2 degrees from the horizontal. Ladders built and tested in
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conformancewiththeapplicableprovisionsofAppendixAwillbedeemedtomeetthis
requirement.
3. Each fixed ladder: At least two loads of 250 pounds each, concentrated between any
two consecutive attachments each, determined from anticipated usage of the ladder,
shallalsobeincluded),plusanticipatedloadscausedbyicebuildup,winds,rigging,and
impactloadsresultingfromtheuseofladdersafetydevices.Eachsteporrungshallbe
capable of supporting a single concentrated load of a least 250 pounds applied in the
middleofthesteporrung.Laddersbuiltinconformancewiththeapplicableprovisions
ofAppendixAwillbedeemedtomeetthisrequirement.
4. Ladder rungs, cleats, and steps shall be parallel, level, and uniformly spaced when the
ladderisinpositionforuse.
5. Rungs,cleats,andstepsofportableladdersandfixedladdersshallbespacednotless
than10inchesapart,normorethan14inchesapart,asmeasuredbetweencenterlines
oftherungs,cleatsandsteps.
6. Rungs, cleats, and steps of step stools shall be not less than 8 inches apart, nor more
than12inchesapart,asmeasuredbetweencenterlinesoftherungs,cleats,andsteps.
7. Rungs,cleats,andstepsofthebasesectionofextensiontrestleladdersshallbenotless
than8inchesnormorethan18inchesapart,asmeasuredbetweencenterlinesofthe
rungs, cleats, and steps. The rung spacing on the extension section of the extension
trestle ladder shall be not less than 6 inches nor more than 12 inches , as measured
betweencenterlinesoftherungs,cleats,andsteps.
8. The minimum clear distance between the sides of individualrung/step ladders and the
minimumcleardistancebetweenthesiderailsofotherfixedladdersshallbe16inches.
9. The minimum clear distance between side rails for all portable ladders shall be 11 1/2
inches.
10. The rungs of individualrung/step ladders shall be shaped such that employees' feet
cannotslideofftheendoftherungs.
11. TherungsandstepsoffixedmetalladdersmanufacturedafterMarch15,1991,shallbe
corrugated, knurled, dimpled, coated with skidresistant material, or otherwise treated
tominimizeslipping.
12. The rungs and steps of portable metal ladders shall be corrugated, knurled, dimpled,
coatedwithskidresistantmaterial,orotherwisetreatedtominimizeslipping.
13. Laddersshallnotbetiedorfastenedtogethertoprovidelongersectionsunlesstheyare
specificallydesignedforsuchuse.
14. A metal spreader or locking device shall be provided on each stepladder to hold the
frontandbacksectionsinanopenpositionwhentheladderisbeingused.
15. Whensplicingisrequiredtoobtainagivenlengthofsiderail,theresultingsiderailmust
beatleastequivalentinstrengthtoaonepiecesiderailmadeofthesamematerial.
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16. Except when portable ladders are used to gain access to fixed ladders , when two or
more separate ladders are used to reach an elevated work area, the ladders shall be
offsetwithaplatformorlandingbetweentheladders.
17. Ladder components shall be surfaced so as to prevent injury to an employee from
puncturesorlacerations,andtopreventsnaggingofclothing.
188 Wood ladders
Woodladdersshallnotbeused.NoExceptions,
189 Other Specifications
The minimum perpendicular clearance between fixed ladder rungs, cleats, and steps, and any
obstructionbehindtheladdershallbe7inches,exceptinthecaseofanelevatorpitladderfor
whichaminimumperpendicularclearanceof41/2inchesisrequired.
The minimum perpendicular clearance between the center line of fixed ladder rungs, cleats,
andsteps,andanyobstructionontheclimbingsideoftheladdershallbe30inches,exceptas
providedinparagraphofthissection.
When unavoidable obstructions are encountered, the minimum perpendicular clearance
between the centerline of fixed ladder rungs, cleats, and steps, and the obstruction on the
climbing side of the ladder may be reduced to 24 inches , provided that a deflection device is
installedtoguideemployeesaroundtheobstruction.
Through fixed ladders at their point of access/egress shall have a stepacross distance of not
less than 7 inches nor more than 12 inches as measured from the centerline of the steps or
rungs to the nearest edge of the landing area. If the normal stepacross distance exceeds 12
inches,alandingplatformshallbeprovidedtoreducethedistancetothespecifiedlimit.
Fixedladderswithoutcagesorwellsshallhaveaclearwidthtothenearestpermanentobject
ofatleast15inchesoneachsideofthecenterlineoftheladder.
Fixed ladders shall be provided with cages, wells, ladder safety devices, or selfretracting
lifelineswherethelengthofclimbislessthan24feetbutthetopoftheladderisatadistance
greaterthan24feetabovelowerlevels.
Where the total length of a climb equals or exceeds 24 feet , fixed ladders shall be equipped
withoneofthefollowing:
1. Laddersafetydevices;or
2. Selfretractinglifelines,andrestplatformsatintervalsnottoexceed150feet;or
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3. A cage or well, and multiple laddersections, each ladder section not to exceed 50 feet
in length. Ladder sections shall be offset from adjacent sections, and landing platforms
shallbeprovidedatmaximumintervalsof50feet.
Cagesforfixedladdersshallconformtoallofthefollowing:
1. Horizontal bands shall be fastened to the side rails of rail ladders, or directly to the
structure,building,orequipmentforindividualrungladders;
2. Vertical bars shall be on the inside of the horizontal bands and shall be fastened to
them;
3. Cagesshallextendnotlessthan27inches,ormorethan30inchesfromthecenterline
ofthesteporrung,andshallnotbelessthan27inchesinwidth;
4. Theinsideofthecageshallbeclearofprojections;
5. Horizontalbandsshallbespacednotmorethan4feetoncentervertically;
6. Vertical bars shall be spaced at intervals not more than 9 1/2 inches on center
horizontally;
7. The bottom of the cage shall be at a level not less than 7 feet nor more than 8 feet
abovethepointofaccesstothebottomoftheladder.Thebottomofthecageshallbe
flared not less than 4 inches all around within the distance between the bottom
horizontalbandandthenexthigherband;
8. Thetopofthecageshallbeaminimumof42inchesabovethetopoftheplatform,or
thepointofaccessatthetopoftheladder,withprovisionforaccesstotheplatformor
otherpointofaccess.
Wellsforfixedladdersshallconformtoallofthefollowing:
1. Theyshallcompletelyencircletheladder;
2. Theyshallbefreeofprojections;
3. Theirinsidefaceontheclimbingsideoftheladdershallextendnotlessthan27inches
normorethan30inchesfromthecenterlineofthesteporrung;
4. Theinsideclearwidthshallbeatleast30inches;
5. The bottom of the wall on the access side shall start at a level not less than 7 feet nor
morethan8feetabovethepointofaccesstothebottomoftheladder.
Laddersafetydevices,andrelatedsupportsystems,forfixedladdersshallconformtoallofthe
following:
1. Theyshallbecapableofwithstandingwithoutfailureadroptestconsistingofan18inch
dropofa500poundweight;
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2. They shall permit the employee using the device to ascend or descend without
continuallyhavingtohold,push,orpullanypartofthedevice,leavingbothhandsfree
forclimbing;
3. Theyshallbeactivatedwithin2feetafterafalloccurs,andlimitthedescendingvelocity
ofanemployeeto7feet/sec.orless;
4. Theconnectionbetweenthecarrierorlifelineandthepointofattachmenttothebody
beltorharnessshallnotexceed9inchesinlength.
Themountingofladdersafetydevicesforfixedladdersshallconformtothefollowing:
Mountings for rigid carriers shall be attached at each end of the carrier, with intermediate
mountings,asnecessary,spacedalongtheentirelengthofthecarrier,toprovidethestrength
necessarytostopemployees'falls;
Mountingsforflexiblecarriersshallbeattachedateachendofthecarrier.Whenthesystemis
exposedtowind,cableguidesforflexiblecarriersshallbeinstalledataminimumspacingof25
feet and maximum spacing of 40 feet along the entire length of the carrier, to prevent wind
damagetothesystem.
Thedesignandinstallationofmountingsandcableguidesshallnotreducethedesignstrength
oftheladder.
Thesiderailsofthroughorsidestepfixedladdersshallextend42inchesabovethetopofthe
access level or landing platform served by the ladder. For a parapet is continuous, the access
levelshallbethetopoftheparapet.
For throughfixedladder extensions, the steps or rungs shall be omitted from the extension
andtheextensionofthesiderailsshallbeflaredtoprovidenotlessthan24inchesnormore
than 30 inches clearance between side rails. Where ladder safety devices are provided, the
maximumclearancebetweensiderailsoftheextensionsshallnotexceed36inches.
For sidestep fixed ladders, the side rails and the steps or rungs shall be continuous in the
extension.
Individualrung/stepladders,exceptthoseusedwheretheiraccessopeningsarecoveredwith
manhole covers or hatches, shall extend at least 42 inches above an access level or landing
platformeitherbythecontinuationoftherungspacingsashorizontalgrabbarsorbyproviding
verticalgrabbarsthatshallhavethesamelateralspacingastheverticallegsoftherungs.
Use. The following requirements apply to the use of all ladders, including jobmade ladders,
exceptasotherwiseindicated:
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When portable ladders are used for access to an upper landing surface, the ladder side rails
shallextendatleast3feetabovetheupperlandingsurfacetowhichtheladderisusedtogain
access; or, when such an extension is not possible because of the ladder's length, then the
laddershallbesecuredatitstoptoarigidsupportthatwillnotdeflect,andagraspingdevice,
such as a grabrail, shall be provided to assist employees in mounting and dismounting the
ladder. In no case shall the extension be such that ladder deflection under a load would, by
itself,causetheladdertoslipoffitssupport.
Laddersshallbemaintainedfreeofoil,grease,andotherslippinghazards.
Laddersshallnotbeloadedbeyondthemaximumintendedloadforwhichtheywerebuilt,nor
beyondtheirmanufacturer'sratedcapacity.
Laddersshallbeusedonlyforthepurposeforwhichtheyweredesigned.
Nonselfsupporting ladders shall be used at an angle such that the horizontal distance from
thetopsupporttothefootoftheladderisapproximatelyonequarteroftheworkinglengthof
theladder.
Wood jobmade ladders with spliced side rails shall be used at an angle such that the
horizontaldistanceisoneeighththeworkinglengthoftheladder.
Fixed ladders shall be used at a pitch no greater than 90 degrees from the horizontal, as
measuredtothebacksideoftheladder.
Ladders shall be used only on stable and level surfaces unless secured to prevent accidental
displacement.
Ladders shall not be used on slippery surfaces unless secured or provided with slipresistant
feettopreventaccidentaldisplacement.Slipresistantfeetshallnotbeusedasasubstitutefor
careinplacing,lashing,orholdingaladderthatisuseduponslipperysurfacesincluding,butnot
limited to, flat metal or concrete surfaces that are constructed so they cannot be prevented
frombecomingslippery.
Ladders placed in any location where they can be displaced by workplace activities or traffic,
such as in passageways, doorways, or driveways, shall be secured to prevent accidental
displacement,orabarricadeshallbeusedtokeeptheactivitiesortrafficawayfromtheladder.
Theareaaroundthetopandbottomofladdersshallbekeptclear.
The top of a nonselfsupporting ladder shall be placed with the two rails supported equally
unlessitisequippedwithasinglesupportattachment.
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Laddersshallnotbemoved,shifted,orextendedwhileoccupied.
Laddersshallhavenonconductivesiderailsiftheyareusedwheretheemployeeortheladder
could contact exposed energized electrical equipment, except as provided in 1926.951 of this
part.
Thetoportopstepofastepladdershallnotbeusedasastep.
Crossbracing on the rear section of stepladders shall not be used for climbing unless the
laddersaredesignedandprovidedwithstepsforclimbingonbothfrontandrearsections.
Ladders shall be inspected by a competent person for visible defects on a periodic basis and
afteranyoccurrencethatcouldaffecttheirsafeuse.
Portable ladders with structural defects, such as, but not limited to, broken or missing rungs,
cleats, or steps, broken or split rails, corroded components, or other faulty or defective
components, shall either be immediately marked in a manner that readily identifies them as
defective, or be tagged with "Do Not Use" or similar language, and shall be withdrawn from
serviceuntilrepaired.
Fixed ladders with structural defects, such as, but not limited to, broken or missing rungs,
cleats,orsteps,brokenorsplitrails,orcorrodedcomponents,shallbewithdrawnfromservice
until repaired. The requirement to withdraw a defective ladder from service is satisfied if the
ladderiseither:
1. Immediatelytaggedwith"DoNotUse"orsimilarlanguage;
2. Markedinamannerthatreadilyidentifiesitasdefective;
3. Orblocked.
4. Ladderrepairsshallrestoretheladdertoaconditionmeetingitsoriginaldesigncriteria,
beforetheladderisreturnedtouse.
5. Singlerailladdersshallnotbeused.
6. Whenascendingordescendingaladder,theusershallfacetheladder.
7. Each employee shall use at least one hand to grasp the ladder when progressing up
and/ordowntheladder.
8. An employee shall not carry any object or load that could cause the employee to lose
balanceandfall.
1810 1926.1060 Training requirements
The following training provisions clarify the requirements of 1926.21, regarding the hazards
addressedinSubpartX.
256
Theemployershallprovideatrainingprogramforeachemployeeusingladdersandstairways,
asnecessary.Theprogramshallenableeachemployeetorecognizehazardsrelatedtoladders
and stairways, and shall train each employee in the procedures to be followed to minimize
thesehazards.
Theemployershallensurethateachemployeehasbeentrainedbyacompetentpersoninthe
followingareas,asapplicable:
1. Thenatureoffallhazardsintheworkarea;
2. The correct procedures for erecting, maintaining, and disassembling the fall protection
systemstobeused;
3. The proper construction, use, placement, and care in handling of all stairways and
ladders;
4. Themaximumintendedloadcarryingcapacitiesofladders;and
5. Thestandardscontainedinthissubpart.
Retraining shall be provided for each employee as necessary so that the employee maintains
theunderstandingandknowledgeacquiredthroughcompliancewiththissection.
1811 Definitions
Cleat means a ladder crosspiece of rectangular cross section placed on edge upon which a
personmaystepwhileascendingordescendingaladder.
Doublecleat ladder means a ladder similar in construction to a singlecleat ladder, but with a
centerrailtoallowsimultaneoustwowaytrafficforemployeesascendingordescending.
Equivalent means alternative designs, materials, or methods that the employer can
demonstratewillprovideanequalorgreaterdegreeofsafetyforemployeesthanthemethod
oritemspecifiedinthestandard.
Extensiontrestleladdermeansaselfsupportingportableladder,adjustableinlengthconsisting
ofatrestleladderbaseandaverticallyadjustableextensionsection,withasuitablemeansfor
lockingtheladderstogether.
Failure means load refusal, breakage or separation of component parts. Load refusal is the
pointwherethestructuralmemberslosetheirabilitytocarrytheloads.
Fixedladder means a ladder that cannot be readily moved or carried because it is an integral
part of a building or structure. A sidestep fixed ladder is a fixed ladder thatrequires a person
gettingoffatthetoptosteptothesideoftheladdersiderailstoreachthelanding.Athrough
fixedladderisafixedladderthatrequiresapersongetting offatthetoptostepbetweenthe
siderailsoftheladdertoreachthelanding.
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Handrailmeansarailusedtoprovideemployeeswithahandholdforsupport.
Individualrung/step ladders means ladders without a side rail or center rail support. Such
ladders are made by mounting individual steps or rungs directly to the side or wall of the
structure.
Jobmade ladder means a ladder that is fabricated by employees, typically at the construction
site, and is not commercially manufactured. This definition does not apply to any individual
rung/stepladders.
Ladderstand.Amobilefixedsizeselfsupportingladderconsistingofawideflattreadladderin
theformofstairs.Theassemblymayincludehandrails.
Lowerlevelsmeansthoseareastowhichanemployeecanfallfromastairwayorladder.Such
areas include ground levels, floors, roofs, ramps, runways, excavations, pits, tanks, material,
water, equipment, and similar surfaces. It does not include the surface from which the
employeefalls.
Maximum intended load means the total load of all employees, equipment, tools, materials,
transmittedloads,andotherloadsanticipatedtobeappliedtoaladdercomponentatanyone
time.
Nosing means that portion of a tread projecting beyond the face of the riser immediately
below.
Point of access means all areas used byemployees for work related passage from one area or
leveltoanother.Suchopenareasincludedoorways,passageways,stairwayopenings,studded
walls,andvariousotherpermanentortemporaryopeningsusedforsuchtravel.
Portableladdermeansaladderthatcanbereadilymovedorcarried.
Riser height means the vertical distance from the top of a tread to the top of the next higher
treadorplatform/landingorthedistancefromthetopofaplatform/landingtothetopofthe
nexthighertreadorplatform/landing.
Singlecleat ladder means a ladder consisting of a pair of side rails, connected together by
cleats,rungs,orsteps.
Singlerailladdermeansaportableladderwithrungs,cleats,orstepsmountedonasinglerail
insteadofthenormaltworailsusedonmostotherladders.
Spiralstairwaymeansaseriesofstepsattachedtoaverticalpoleandprogressingupwardina
windingfashionwithinacylindricalspace.
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Stairrail system means a vertical barrier erected along the unprotected sides and edges of a
stairwaytopreventemployeesfromfallingtolowerlevels.Thetopsurfaceofastairrailsystem
mayalsobea"handrail."
Step stool means a selfsupporting, foldable, portable ladder, nonadjustable in length, 32
inchesorlessinoverallsize,withflatstepsandwithoutapailshelf,designedtobeclimbedon
theladdertopcapaswellasallsteps.Thesiderailsmaycontinueabovethetopcap.
Treaddepthmeansthehorizontaldistancefromfronttobackofatread.
Unprotectedsidesandedgesmeansanysideoredgeofastairwaywherethereisnostairrail
system or wall 36 inches or more in height, and any side or edge of a stairway landing, or
ladderplatformwherethereisnowallorguardrailsystem39inchesormoreinheight.

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19.0 Toxic and Hazardous Materials
TOPPS Well Service, Inc. has adopted this policy for the prevention of employee exposure to
hazardouslevelsofLeadsubstancesinaccordancewiththefollowingOSHAregulations:
191 1910.1025 Lead
leadatlevelsinexcessofPermissibleExposureLimits,whichforleadwillbe50microgramsper
cubic meter at 8 hour Time Weighted Average . If exposures are above the Acon Level ,
engineeringcontrols,workpractices,orPPEwillberequiredtoreduceexposurelevels.Action
Level means employee exposure, without regard to the use of respirators, to an airborne
concentrationofleadof30microgramspercubicmeterofairaveragedoveran8hourperiod.
The Safety Personnel is the assigned supervisor responsible for ensuring the following
administrativecontrols,engineeringcontrols,andworkpracticesareenforced:
1. The Safety Personnel will provide information and training for each employee who has
potentialexposuretoLeadthatincludesthefollowingrequiredelements:
2. Providesatrainingprogramfor,andassurestheparticipationof,allemployeeswhoare
subject to exposure to lead at or above the action level or for whom the possibility of
skinoreyeirritationexists.
3. Provideinitialtrainingpriortothetimeofinitialjobassignment.
4. Thetrainingprogramwillberepeatedannuallyforeachemployee.
5. EmployeewillbeinformedofAppendicesAandBoftheLeadRegulation.
6. Allaffectedemployeesarerequiredtoattendtrainingprograms.
7. Employeeswillbeinformedofthespecificnatureoftheoperationswhichcouldresultin
exposuretoleadabovetheactionlevel.
8. Employeeswillbeinformedofthepurpose,properselection,fitting,use,andlimitations
ofrespirators.
9. Employeeswillbeinformedoftheengineeringcontrolsbeingused.
10. The employees will be informed of the purpose and a description of the Medical
SurveillanceProgramandtheMedicalRemovalProgram.
11. Therecouldbeadverseeffectsonreproductivesystems.
12. TheSafetyPersonnelwillmakereadilyavailabletoallaffectedemployees,acopyofthe
OSHALeadstandardanditsappendices.
13. Exposure monitoring will be conducted to determine if any employee may be exposed
to lead at or above the action level. Employee exposure is that exposure which would
occuriftheemployeewerenotusingarespirator.
PersonalmonitoringwillbeconductedtocollectIndustrialHygienemeasurementsnecessaryto
determineemployeeexposure.
260
The Safety Personnel will collect full shift personal samples including at least one sample for
each shift, for each job classification, in each work area. Full shift personal samples will
representthemonitoredemployee'sregular,dailyexposuretolead.
The Safety Personnel will determine if any employee may be exposed to lead at or above the
action level and will monitor employee exposures and base initial determinations on the
monitoringresultsincluding:
1. Anyinformation,observations,orcalculationswhichwouldindicateemployeeexposure
tolead.
2. Anypreviousmeasurementsofairbornelead.
3. Anyemployeecomplaintsofsymptomswhichmaybeattributabletoexposuretolead.
If the initial determination or subsequent monitoring reveals employee exposure to be at or
above the action level but below the Permissible Exposure Limit, the monitoring will be
repeatedatleastevery6months.
Iftheinitialmonitoringrevealsthatemployeeexposureisabovethepermissibleexposurelimit,
themonitoringwillberepeatedquarterly.
Additionalmonitoringwillbedonewhenevertherehasbeenaproduction,process,control,or
personnelchangethatmayresultinneworadditionalexposuretolead.
Each affected employee will be notified in writing within 5 working days after the receipt of
monitoringresults.
Whenever the results indicate that employee exposure exceeds the PEL, The Safety Personnel
will include in the written notice a statement that the PEL was exceeded and a description of
thecorrectiveactiontakenortobetakentoreduceexposuretoorbelowthePEL.
TOPPSWellService,Inc.willuseamethodofmonitoringandanalysiswhichhasanaccuracyof
not less than plus or minus 20 percent for airborne concentrations of lead equal to or greater
than30g/m3.
WhereanyemployeeisexposedtoleadabovethePELformorethan30daysperyear,TOPPS
Well Service, Inc. will implement engineering and work practice controls to reduce employee
exposure to lead. If such controls are not feasible, TOPPS Well Service, Inc. will demonstrate
anddocumentthereasons.
Wherevertheengineeringandworkpracticecontrolswhichcanbeinstitutedarenotsufficient
toreduceemployeeexposuretoorbelowthePEL,TOPPSWellService,Inc.willcontinuetouse
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themtoreduceexposurestothelowestfeasiblelevelandwillsupplementthembytheuseof
respiratoryprotection.
TOPPS Well Service, Inc. will provide a written Sitespecific Compliance Program to reduce
exposurestoorbelowthePEL,andinterimlevelsifapplicable,solelybymeansofengineering
andworkpracticecontrols.Writtenplanswillincludeatleastthefollowing:
1. Adescriptionofeachoperationinwhichleadisemitted;e.g.machineryused,material
processed, controls in place, crew size, employee job responsibilities, operating
proceduresandmaintenancepractices.
2. A description of the specific means that will be employed to achieve compliance,
including engineering plans and studies used to determine methods selected for
controllingexposuretolead.
3. AreportofthetechnologyconsideredinmeetingthePEL.
4. Airmonitoringdatawhichdocumentsthesourceofleademissions.
5. Aworkpracticeprogramwhichincludesitemsrequired.
The Sitespecific Compliance Program will be available at the worksite for examination and
copyingbyanyaffectedemployeeorOSHA.Programwillberevisedandupdatedatleastevery
6monthstoreflectthecurrentstatus.
When ventilation is used to control exposure, measurements which demonstrate the
effectiveness, such as capture velocity, duct velocity, or static pressure shall be made at least
every 3 months. Measurements will be made within 5 days of any change in production,
process,orcontrolwhichmightresultinachangeinemployeeexposuretolead.
If air from exhaust ventilation is recirculated into the workplace, The Safety Personnel will
assurethat:
1. Thesystemhasahighefficiencyfilterswithreliablebackupfilters.
2. Controls to monitor the concentration of lead in the return air and to bypass the
recirculationsystemautomaticallyifitfailsareinstalled,operating,andmaintained.
When administrative controls are used as a means of reducing employees TWA exposure to
lead, TOPPS Well Service, Inc. will establish and implement a job rotation schedule which
includes:
Nameoridentificationnumberofeachaffectedemployee;
1. Durationandexposurelevelsateachjoborworkstationwhereeachaffectedemployee
islocated.
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2. Any other information that may be useful in assessing the reliability of administrative
controlstoreduceexposuretolead.
The Respiratory Protection Program and respiratory protective equipment is provided for all
employees with potential for exposure to lead. All respiratory equipment will be NIOSH
certified,andisprovidedwithoutcosttotheemployee.Respiratorswillbeusedduring:
1. Periodsnecessarytoinstallorimplementengineeringorworkpracticecontrols.
2. Workoperationsforwhichengineeringandworkpracticecontrolsarenotsufficientto
reduceemployeeexposurestoorbelowthePEL.
3. Periodswhenanemployeerequestsarespirator.
192 Respiratory Protection Program
TOPPS Well Service, Inc. provides a Respiratory Protection Program in accordance with
1910.134. If an employee has breathing difficulty during fit testing or respirator use, the
employeewillbeprovidedwithamedicalexaminationtodeterminewhethertheemployeecan
usearespiratorwhileperformingtherequiredduty.
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TOPPS Well Service, Inc. will provide the one set of protective clothing in a clean and dry
condition at least once a week, and daily to employees whose exposure levels are over 200
g/m3ofleadasan8hourTWA,aswellas:
1. Provideforthecleaning,laundering,ordisposalofprotectiveclothingandequipmentas
required.
2. Repair or replace required protective clothing and equipment as needed to maintain
theireffectiveness.
3. Ensure that all protective clothing is removed at the completion of a work shift only in
changeroomsprovidedforthatpurposeasprescribed.
4. Ensure that contaminated protective clothing which is to be cleaned, laundered, or
disposed of, is placed in a closed container in the changeroom which prevents
dispersionofleadoutsidethecontainer.
5. Informinwritinganypersonwhocleansorlaundersprotectiveclothingorequipmentof
thepotentiallyharmfuleffectsofexposuretolead.
193 Test
Followupbloodsamplingtestswillbeprovidedwhenevertheresultsofabloodleadleveltest
indicate that an employee's blood lead level exceeds the levels for medical removal. This
followup will be provided within two weeks after receiving the results of the first blood
samplingtest.
Accuracyofbloodleadlevelsamplingandanalysisshallhaveanaccuracywithinplusorminus
15 percent or 6 g/100 ml, whichever is greater, and shall be conducted by a laboratory
licensedbytheCenterforDiseaseControl,UnitedStatesDepartmentofHealth,Educationand
WelfareorwhichhasreceivedasatisfactorygradeinbloodleadproficiencytestingfromCDC
inthepriortwelvemonths.
Each employee whose blood lead level exceeds 40 g/100 g will be notified in writing within
fiveworkingdaysafterthereceiptofbiologicalmonitoringresults.
Medical examinations and consultations are available to affected employees on the following
schedule:
1. At least annually for each employee for whom a blood sampling test conducted at any
timeduringthepreceding12monthsindicatedabloodleadlevelatorabove40g/100
g.
2. Prior to assignment for each employee being assigned for the first time to an area in
whichairborneconcentrationsofleadareatorabovetheactionlevel.
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3. As soon as possible, upon notification by an employee either that the employee has
developed signs or symptoms commonly associated with lead intoxication, that the
employee desires medical advice concerning the effects of current or past exposure to
lead on the employee's ability to procreate a healthy child, or that the employee has
demonstrateddifficultyinbreathingduringarespiratorfittingtestorduringuse.
4. Asmedicallyappropriateforeachemployee,eitherremovedfromexposuretoleaddue
toariskofsustainingmaterialimpairmenttohealth,orotherwiselimitedpursuanttoa
finalmedicaldetermination.
TOPPS Well Service, Inc. will provide Medical Removal Protection benefits to any employee
subjecttoTemporaryMedicalRemoval.
The following warning sign will be posted in and around each regulated work area where the
PELisexceeded:
1. Signswillbeilluminatedandcleanedasnecessarysothatthelegendisreadilyvisible.
194 Records
TOPPS Well Service, Inc. will maintain an accurate record of all monitoring. This record shall
include:
2. The date, number, duration, location, and results of each of the samples taken,
includingadescriptionofthesamplingprocedureusedtodetermineexposure.
3. A description of the sampling and analytical methods used and evidence of their
accuracy.
4. Name,socialsecuritynumber,andjobclassificationoftheemployeemonitoredandof
allotheremployeeswhoseexposurethemeasurementisintendedtorepresent.
5. Thetypeofrespiratoryprotectionworn,ifany.
6. Thesemonitoringrecordswillbemaintainedforatleast40yearsorforthedurationof
employmentplus20years,whicheverislonger.
TOPPSWellService,Inc.willmaintainanaccuraterecordforeachemployeesubjecttomedical
surveillance.Thisrecordshallinclude:
1. Thename,socialsecuritynumber,anddescriptionofthedutiesoftheemployee.
2. Acopyofthephysician'swrittenopinions.
3. Results of any airborne exposure monitoring done for that employee and the
representativeexposurelevelssuppliedtothephysician.
4. Anyemployeemedicalcomplaintsrelatedtoexposuretolead.
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TOPPSWellService,Inc.willkeep,orassurethattheexaminingphysiciankeeps,acopyofthe
medicalexaminationresults,includingmedicalandworkhistory;adescriptionofthelaboratory
procedures; a copy of the results of biological monitoring. These medical records will be
maintainedforatleast40years,orforthedurationofemploymentplus20years,whicheveris
longer.
TOPPS Well Service, Inc. will maintain an accurate record for each employee removed from
currentexposuretolead.Eachrecordshallinclude:
1. Thenameandsocialsecuritynumberoftheemployee.
2. The date on each occasion that the employee was removed from current exposure to
lead as well as the corresponding date on which the employee was returned to his or
herformerjobstatus.
3. Abriefexplanationofhoweachremovalwasorisbeingaccomplished.
4. Astatementwithrespecttoeachremovalindicatingwhetherornotthereasonforthe
removalwasanelevatedbloodleadlevel.
5. Medical removal records will be maintained for at least the duration of an employee's
employment.
Environmental monitoring, medical removal, and medical records will be provided upon
requesttoemployees,designatedrepresentatives,andOSHA.
Allcontainersormaterialscontainingleadwillbeappropriatelylabeledtoindicatethecontents
andthehazardsofthecontents.
MSDSforLeadandallhazardousmaterialsareavailabletoallemployeesatthecompanyoffice.
Wherevertheengineeringandworkpracticecontrolswhichcanbeinstitutedarenotsufficient
to reduce employee exposure to or below the permissible exposure limit, the employer shall
nonetheless use them to reduce exposures to the lowest feasible level and shall supplement
thembytheuseofrespiratoryprotectionwhichcomplieswiththerequirementsofparagraph
ofthissection.Whereanyemployeeisexposedtoleadabovethepermissibleexposurelimit,
but for 30 days or less per year, the employer shall implement engineering controls to reduce
exposuresto200g/m3,butthereaftermayimplementanycombinationofengineering,work
practice , and respiratory controls to reduce and maintain employee exposure to lead to or
below50g/m3.
Respiratoryprotection.Whereengineeringandworkpracticecontrolsdonotreduceemployee
exposuretoorbelowthe50g/m3permissibleexposurelimit,theemployershallsupplement
these controls with respirators in accordance with paragraph . Compliance program. Each
employershallestablishandimplementawrittencomplianceprogramtoreduceexposuresto
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or below the permissible exposure limit, and interim levels if applicable, solely by means of
engineering and work practice controls in accordance with the implementation schedule in
paragraph.
Writtenplansforthesecomplianceprogramsshallincludeatleastthefollowing:
1. Adescriptionofeachoperationinwhichleadisemitted;e.g.machineryused,material
processed, controls in place, crew size, employee job responsibilities, operating
proceduresandmaintenancepractices;
2. A description of the specific means that will be employed to achieve compliance,
including engineering plans and studies used to determine methods selected for
controllingexposuretolead;
3. Areportofthetechnologyconsideredinmeetingthepermissibleexposurelimit;
4. Airmonitoringdatawhichdocumentsthesourceofleademissions;
5. A detailed schedule for implementation of the program, including documentation such
ascopiesofpurchaseordersforequipment,constructioncontracts,etc.;
6. Aworkpracticeprogramwhichincludesitemsrequiredunderparagraphs,andofthis
regulation;
7. Anadministrativecontrolschedulerequiredbyparagraph,ifapplicable;
8. Otherrelevantinformation.
Written programs shall be submitted upon request to the Assistant Secretary andthe Owner,
and shall be available at the worksite for examination and copying by the Assistant Secretary,
Owner,anyaffectedemployeeorauthorizedemployeerepresentatives.
Written programs shall be revised and updated at least every 6 months to reflect the current
statusoftheprogram.
195 Mechanical Ventilation.
When ventilation is used to control exposure, measurements which demonstrate the
effectiveness of the system in controlling exposure, such as capture velocity, duct velocity, or
static pressure shall be made at least every 3 months. Measurements of the system's
effectivenessincontrollingexposureshallbemadewithin5daysofanychangeinproduction,
process,orcontrolwhichmightresultinachangeinemployeeexposuretolead.
Recirculation of air. If air from exhaust ventilation is recirculated into the workplace, the
employershallassurethat:
1. Thesystemhasahighefficiencyfilterwithreliablebackupfilter;and
2. Controls to monitor the concentration of lead in the return air and to bypass the
recirculationsystemautomaticallyifitfailsareinstalled,operating,andmaintained.
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Administrativecontrols.Ifadministrativecontrolsareusedasameansofreducingemployees
TWA exposure to lead, the employer shall establish and implement a job rotation schedule
whichincludes:
1. Nameoridentificationnumberofeachaffectedemployee;
2. Durationandexposurelevelsateachjoborworkstationwhereeachaffectedemployee
islocated;
Any other information which may be useful in assessing the reliability of administrative
controlstoreduceexposuretolead.
196 Respiratory Protection.
General. For employees who use respirators required by this section, the employer must
providerespiratorsthatcomplywiththerequirementsofthisparagraph.
1. Respiratorsmustbeusedduring:
2. Periodsnecessarytoinstallorimplementengineeringorworkpracticecontrols.
3. Workoperationsforwhichengineeringandworkpracticecontrolsarenotsufficientto
reduceemployeeexposurestoorbelowthepermissibleexposurelimit;
4. Periodswhenanemployeerequestsarespirator.
197 Respirator Program. The employer must implement a respiratory protection
programinaccordancewith29CFR1910.134.Ifanemployeehasbreathingdifficultyduringfit
testingorrespiratoruse,theemployermustprovidetheemployeewithamedicalexamination
inaccordancewiththissectiontodeterminewhetherornottheemployeecanusearespirator
whileperformingtherequiredduty.
198 Respirator Selection. The employer must select the appropriate respirator or
combinationofrespiratorsfromTableIIofthissection.Theemployermustprovideapowered
airpurifying respirator instead of the respirator specified in Table II of this section when an
employee chooses to use this type of respirator and such a respirator provides adequate
protectiontotheemployee.
1911 Protective work clothing and equipment.
Provisionanduse.IfanemployeeisexposedtoleadabovethePEL,withoutregardtotheuse
ofrespiratorsorwherethepossibilityofskinoreyeirritationexists,theemployershallprovide
at no cost to the employee and assure that the employee uses appropriate protective work
clothingandequipmentsuchas,butnotlimitedto:
1. Coverallsorsimilarfullbodyworkclothing;
2. Gloves,hats,andshoesordisposableshoecoverlets;and
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3. Faceshields,ventedgoggles,orotherappropriateprotectiveequipmentwhichcomplies
with1910.133.
Cleaning and replacement. The employer shall provide the protective clothing required in
paragraphofthissectioninacleananddryconditionatleastweekly,anddailytoemployees
whoseexposurelevelswithoutregardtoarespiratorareover200g/m3ofleadasan8hour
TWA.Theemployershallprovideforthecleaning,laundering,ordisposalofprotectiveclothing
andequipmentrequiredbythissection.
Theemployershallrepairorreplacerequiredprotectiveclothingandequipmentasneededto
maintaintheireffectiveness.
The employer shall assure that all protective clothing is removed at the completion of a work
shiftonlyinchangeroomsprovidedforthatpurposeasprescribedinthissection.
The employer shall assure that contaminated protective clothing which is to be cleaned,
laundered, or disposed of, is placed in a closed container in the change room which prevents
dispersionofleadoutsidethecontainer.
The employer shall inform in writing any person who cleans or launders protective clothing or
equipmentofthepotentiallyharmfuleffectsofexposuretolead.
The employer shall assure that the containers of contaminated protective clothing and
equipmentrequiredbyparagrapharelabeledasfollows:
CAUTION:
CLOTHINGCONTAMINATEDWITHLEAD.DONOTREMOVEDUSTBYBLOWINGORSHAKING.
DISPOSEOFLEADCONTAMINATEDWASHWATERINACCORDANCEWITHAPPLICABLELOCAL,
STATE,ORFEDERALREGULATIONS.
The employer shall prohibit the removal of lead from protective clothing or equipment by
blowing,shaking,oranyothermeanswhichdispersesleadintotheair.
1912 APPENDIX A TO 1910.1025
SUBSTANCEDATASHEETFOROCCUPATIONALEXPOSURETOLEAD
I.SUBSTANCEIDENTIFICATION
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A. Substance: Pure lead is a heavy metal at room temperature and pressure and is a basic
chemical element. It can combine with various other substances to form numerous lead
compounds.
B. Compounds Covered by the Standard: The word lead when used in this standard means
elementallead,allinorganicleadcompoundsandaclassoforganicleadcompoundscalledlead
soaps.Thisstandarddoesnotapplytootherorganicleadcompounds.
C. Uses: Exposure to lead occurs in at least 120 different occupations, including primary and
secondaryleadsmelting,leadstoragebatterymanufacturing,leadpigmentmanufacturingand
use, solder manufacturing and use, shipbuilding and ship repairing, auto manufacturing, and
printing.
D.PermissibleExposure:ThePermissibleExposureLimitsetbythestandardis50micrograms
ofleadpercubicmeterofair,averagedoveran8hourworkday.
E.ActionLevel:Thestandardestablishesanactionlevelof30microgramspercubicmeterofair
, time weighted average, based on an 8hour workday. The action level initiates several
requirements of the standard, such as exposure monitoring, medical surveillance, and training
andeducation.
II.HEALTHHAZARDDATA
A.Waysinwhichleadentersyourbody.Whenabsorbedintoyourbodyincertaindosesleadis
atoxicsubstance.Theobjectoftheleadstandardistopreventabsorptionofharmfulquantities
of lead. The standard is intended to protect you not only from the immediate toxic effects of
lead, but also from the serious toxic effects that may not become apparent until years of
exposurehavepassed.
Leadcanbeabsorbedintoyourbodybyinhalationandingestion.Leadisnotabsorbedthrough
your skin. When lead is scattered in the air as a dust, fume or mist it can be inhaled and
absorbed through your lungs and upper respiratory tract. Inhalation of airborne lead is
generallythemostimportantsourceofoccupationalleadabsorption.
You can also absorb lead through your digestive system if lead gets into your mouth and is
swallowed. If you handle food, cigarettes, chewing tobacco, or makeup which have lead on
themorhandlethemwithhandscontaminatedwithlead,thiswillcontributetoingestion.
Asignificantportionoftheleadthatyouinhaleoringestgetsintoyourbloodstream.Oncein
your blood stream, lead is circulated throughout your body and stored in various organs and
body tissues. Some of this lead is quickly filtered out of your body and excreted, but some
remains in the blood and other tissues. As exposure to lead continues, the amount stored in
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yourbodywillincreaseifyouareabsorbingmoreleadthanyourbodyisexcreting.Eventhough
youmaynotbeawareofanyimmediatesymptomsofdisease,thisleadstoredinyourtissues
can be slowly causing irreversible damage, first to individual cells, then to your organs and
wholebodysystems.
B.Effectsofoverexposuretolead.
Short term overexposure. Lead is a potent, systemic poison that serves no known useful
functiononceabsorbedbyyourbody.Takeninlargeenoughdoses,leadcankillyouinamatter
ofdays.Aconditionaffectingthebraincalledacuteencephalopathymayarisewhichdevelops
quickly to seizures, coma, and death from cardiorespiratory arrest. A short term dose of lead
can lead to acute encephalopathy. Short term occupational exposures of this magnitude are
highlyunusual,butnotimpossible.
Similarformsofencephalopathymay,however,arisefromextended,chronicexposuretolower
dosesoflead.Thereisnosharpdividinglinebetweenrapidlydevelopingacuteeffectsoflead,
and chronic effects which take longer to acquire. Lead adversely affects numerous body
systems, and causes forms of health impairment and disease which arise after periods of
exposureasshortasdaysoraslongasseveralyears.
Longterm overexposure. Chronic overexposure to lead may result in severe damage to your
bloodforming,nervous,urinaryandreproductivesystems.Somecommonsymptomsofchronic
overexposure include loss of appetite, metallic taste in the mouth, anxiety, constipation,
nausea, pallor, excessive tiredness, weakness, insomnia, headache, nervous irritability, muscle
and joint pain or soreness, fine tremors, numbness, dizziness, hyperactivity and colic. In lead
colictheremaybesevereabdominalpain.
Damagetothecentralnervoussystemingeneralandthebraininparticularisoneofthemost
severe forms of lead poisoning. The most severe, often fatal, form of encephalopathy may be
preceded by vomiting, a feeling of dullness progressing to drowsiness and stupor, poor
memory,restlessness,irritability,tremor,andconvulsions.Itmayarisesuddenlywiththeonset
of seizures, followed by coma, and death. There is a tendency for muscular weakness to
developatthesametime.
This weakness may progress to paralysis oen observed as a characterisc wrist drop or
foot drop and is a manifestaon of a disease to the nervous system called peripheral
neuropathy.
Chronic overexposure to lead also results in kidney disease with few, if any, symptoms
appearing until extensive and most likely permanent kidney damage has occurred. Routine
laboratorytestsrevealthepresenceofthiskidneydiseaseonlyafterabouttwothirdsofkidney
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functionislost.Whenovertsymptomsofurinarydysfunctionarise,itisoftentoolatetocorrect
orpreventworseningconditions,andprogressiontokidneydialysisordeathispossible.
Chronic overexposure to lead impairs the reproductive systems of both men and women.
Overexposure to lead may result in decreased sex drive, impotence and sterility in men. Lead
can alter the structure of sperm cells raising the risk of birth defects. There is evidence of
miscarriage and stillbirth in women whose husbands were exposed to lead or who were
exposedtoleadthemselves.Leadexposurealsomayresultindecreasedfertility,andabnormal
menstrualcyclesinwomen.Thecourseofpregnancymaybeadverselyaffectedbyexposureto
lead since lead crosses the placental barrier and poses risks to developing fetuses. Children
bornofparentseitheroneofwhomwereexposedtoexcessleadlevelsaremorelikelytohave
birthdefects,mentalretardation,behavioraldisordersordieduringthefirstyearofchildhood.
Overexposure to lead also disrupts the bloodforming system resulting in decreased
hemoglobinandultimatelyanemia.Anemiaischaracterizedbyweakness,pallorandfatigability
asaresultofdecreasedoxygencarryingcapacityintheblood.
Healthprotectiongoalsofthestandard.Preventionofadversehealtheffectsformostworkers
fromexposuretoleadthroughoutaworkinglifetimerequiresthatworkerbloodleadlevelsbe
maintained at or below forty micrograms per one hundred grams of whole blood. The blood
leadlevelsofworkerswhointendtohavechildrenshouldbemaintainedbelow30g/100gto
minimizeadversereproductivehealtheffectstotheparentsandtothedevelopingfetus.
The measurement of your blood lead level is the most useful indicator of the amount of lead
being absorbed by your body. Blood lead levels are most often reported in units of milligrams
ormicrogramsofleadper100grams,100millitersordeciliterofblood.Thesethreeunitsare
essentiallythesame.SometimePbB'sareexpressedintheformofmg%org%.
This is a shorthand notation for 100g, 100 ml, or dl. PbB measurements show the amount of
leadcirculatinginyourbloodstream,butdonotgiveanyinformationabouttheamountoflead
storedinyourvarioustissues.PbBmeasurementsmerelyshowcurrentabsorptionoflead,not
the effect that lead is having on your body or the effects that past lead exposure may have
already caused. Past research into lead related diseases, however, has focused heavily on
associationsbetweenPbBsandvariousdiseases.Asaresult,yourPbBisanimportantindicator
ofthelikelihoodthatyouwillgraduallyacquirealeadrelatedhealthimpairmentordisease.
Once your blood lead level climbs above 40 g/100g, your risk of disease increases. There is a
widevariabilityofindividualresponsetolead,thusitisdifficulttosaythataparticularPbBina
given person will cause a particular effect. Studies have associated fatal encephalopathy with
PbBsaslowas150g/100g.Otherstudieshaveshownotherformsofdiseasesinsomeworkers
withPbBswellbelow80g/100g.YourPbBisacrucialindicatoroftheriskstoyourhealth,but
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one other factor is also extremely important. This factor is the length of time you have had
elevated PbBs. The longer you have an elevated PbB, the greater the risk that large quantities
of lead are being gradually stored in your organs and tissues. The greater your overall body
burden,thegreaterthechancesofsubstantialpermanentdamage.
Thebestwaytopreventallformsofleadrelatedimpairmentsanddiseasesbothshortterm
andlongtermistomaintainyourPbBbelow40g/100g.Theprovisionsofthestandardare
designed with this end in mind. Your employer has prime responsibility to assure that the
provisions of the standard are complied with both by the company and by individual workers.
Youasaworker,however,alsohavearesponsibilitytoassistyouremployerincomplyingwith
thestandard.Youcanplayakeyroleinprotectingyourownhealthbylearningaboutthelead
hazardsandtheircontrol,learningwhatthestandardrequires,followingthestandardwhereit
governs your own actions, and seeing that your employer complies with provisions governing
hisactions.
Reporting signs and symptoms of health problems. You should immediately notify your
employer if you develop signs or symptoms associated with lead poisoning or if you desire
medicaladviceconcerningtheeffectsofcurrentorpastexposuretoleadonyourabilitytohave
a healthy child. You should also notify your employer if you have difficulty breathing during a
respirator fit test or while wearing a respirator. In each of these cases your employer must
make available to you appropriate medical examinations or consultations. These must be
provided at no cost to you and at a reasonable time and place. The standard contains a
procedure whereby you can obtain a second opinion by a physician of your choice if the
employerselectedtheinitialphysician.
1913 EMPLOYEE STANDARD SUMMARY
Thisappendixsummarizeskeyprovisionsofthestandardthatyouasaworkershouldbecome
familiarwith.
I.PERMISSIBLEEXPOSURELIMIT
The standards sets a permissible exposure limit of fifty micrograms of lead per cubic meter of
air,averagedoveran8hourworkday.Thisisthehighestlevelofleadinairtowhichyoumay
be permissibly exposed over an 8hour workday. Since it is an 8hour average it permits short
exposuresabovethePELsolongasforeach8hourworkdayyouraverageexposuredoesnot
exceedthePEL.
This standard recognizes that your daily exposure to lead can extend beyond a typical 8hour
workdayastheresultofovertimeorotheralterationsinyourworkschedule.Todealwiththis,
the standard contains a formula which reduces your permissible exposure when you are
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exposed more than 8 hours. For example, if you are exposed to lead for 10 hours a day, the
maximumpermittedaverageexposurewouldbe40g/m3.
II.EXPOSUREMONITORING
Ifleadispresentintheworkplacewhereyouworkinanyquantity,youremployerisrequiredto
make an initial determination of whether the action level is exceeded for any employee. This
initialdeterminationmustincludeinstrumentmonitoringoftheairforthepresenceofleadand
must cover the exposure of a representative number of employees who are reasonably
believed to have the highest exposure levels. If your employer has conducted appropriate air
sampling for lead in the past year he may use these results. If there have been any employee
complaintsofsymptomswhichmaybeattributabletoexposuretoleadorifthereisanyother
informationorobservationswhichwouldindicateemployeeexposuretolead,thismustalsobe
considered as part of the initial determination. This initial determination must have been
completed by March 31, 1979. If this initial determination shows that a reasonable possibility
exists that any employee may be exposed, without regard to respirators, over the action level
youremployermustsetupanairmonitoringprogramtodeterminetheexposurelevelofevery
employeeexposedtoleadatyourworkplace.
In carrying out this air monitoring program, your employer is not required to monitor the
exposureofeveryemployee,buthemustmonitorarepresentativenumberofemployeesand
job types. Enough sampling must be done to enable each employee's exposure level to be
reasonablyrepresentedbyatleastonefullshiftairsample.Inaddition,theseairsamplesmust
betakenunderconditionswhichrepresenteachemployee'sregular,dailyexposuretolead.All
initialexposuremonitoringmusthavebeencompletedbyMay30,1979.
Ifyouareexposedtoleadandairsamplingisperformed,youremployerisrequiredtoquickly
notify you in writing of air monitoring results which represent your exposure. If the results
indicate your exposure exceeds the PEL , then your employer must also notify you of this in
writing,andprovideyouwithadescriptionofthecorrectiveactionthatwillbetakentoreduce
yourexposure.
Yourexposuremustberecheckedbymonitoringeverysixmonthsifyourexposureisoverthe
action level but below the PEL. Air monitoring must be repeated every 3 months if you are
exposed over the PEL. Your employer may discontinue monitoring for you if 2 consecutive
measurements,takenatleasttwoweeksapart,arebelowtheactionlevel.However,whenever
thereisaproduction,process,control,orpersonnelchangeatyourworkplacewhichmayresult
in new or additional exposure to lead, or whenever there is any other reason to suspect a
change which may result in new or additional exposure to lead, your employer must perform
additionalmonitoring.
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III.METHODSOFCOMPLIANCE
Your employeris required to assure that no employee isexposed to lead in excess of the PEL.
ThestandardestablishesapriorityofmethodstobeusedtomeetthePEL.
IV.RESPIRATORYPROTECTION
Youremployerisrequiredtoprovideandassureyouruseofrespiratorswhenyourexposureto
lead is not controlled below the PEL by other means. The employer must pay the cost of the
respirator. Whenever you request one, your employer is also required to provide you a
respiratorevenifyourairexposureleveldoesnotexceedthePEL.Youmightdesirearespirator
when, for example, you have received medical advice that your lead absorption should be
decreased.Or,youmayintendtohavechildreninthenearfuture,andwanttoreducethelevel
of lead in your body to minimize adverse reproductive effects. While respirators are the least
satisfactory means of controlling your exposure, they are capable of providing significant
protection if properly chosen, fitted, worn, cleaned, maintained, and replaced when they stop
providingadequateprotection.
Your employer is required to select respirators from the seven types listed in Table II of the
Respiratory Protection section of the standard ). Any respirator chosen must be approved by
the National Institute for occupational Safety and Health under the provisions of 42 CFR part
84.Thisrespiratorselectiontablewillenableyouremployertochooseatypeofrespiratorthat
willgiveyouaproperamountofprotectionbasedonyourairborneleadexposure.
Your employer may select a type of respirator that provides greater protection than that
requiredbythestandard;thatis,onerecommendedforahigherconcentrationofleadthanis
presentinyourworkplace.
Forexample,apoweredairpurifyingrespiratorismuchmoreprotectivethanatypicalnegative
pressurerespirator,andmayalsobemorecomfortabletowear.APAPRhasafilter,cartridge,
or canister to clean the air, and a power source that continuously blows filtered air into your
breathing zone. Your employer might make a PAPR available to you to ease the burden of
havingtoweararespiratorforlongperiodsoftime.Thestandardprovidesthatyoucanobtain
aPAPRuponrequest.
Your employer must also start a Respiratory Protection Program. This program must include
written procedures for the proper selection, use, cleaning, storage, and maintenance of
respirators. Your employer must ensure that your respirator facepiece fits properly. Proper fit
ofarespiratorfacepieceiscriticaltoyourprotectionfromairbornelead.Obtainingaproperfit
on each employee may require your employer to make available several different types of
respirator masks. To ensure that your respirator fits properly and that facepiece leakage is
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minimal,youremployermustgiveyoueitheraqualitativeorquantitativefittestasspecifiedin
Appendix A of the Respiratory Protection standard located at 29 CFR 1910.134. You must also
receivefromyouremployerpropertrainingintheuseofrespirators.Youremployerisrequired
to teach you how to wear a respirator, to know why it is needed, and to understand its
limitations.
The standard provides that if your respirator uses filter elements, you must be given an
opportunity to change the filter elements whenever an increase in breathing resistance is
detected. You also must be permitted to periodically leave your work area to wash your face
and respirator facepiece whenever necessary to prevent skin irritation. If you ever have
difficulty in breathing during a fit test or while using a respirator, your employermust make a
medical examination available to you to determine whether you can safely wear a respirator.
The result of this examination may be to give you a positive pressure respirator or to provide
alternativemeansofprotection.
V.PROTECTIVEWORKCLOTHINGANDEQUIPMENT
IfyouareexposedtoleadabovethePEL,orifyouareexposedtoleadcompoundssuchaslead
arsenateorleadazidewhichcancauseskinandeyeirritation,youremployermustprovideyou
with protective work clothing and equipment appropriate for the hazard. If work clothing is
provided, it must be provided in a clean and dry condition at least weekly, and daily if your
airborneexposuretoleadisgreaterthan200g/m3.Appropriateprotectiveworkclothingand
equipment can include coveralls or similar fullbody work clothing, gloves, hats, shoes or
disposable shoe coverlets, and face shields or vented goggles. Your employer is required to
provide all such equipment at no cost to you. He is responsible for providing repairs and
replacement as necessary, and also is responsible for the cleaning, laundering or disposal of
protective clothing and equipment. Contaminated work clothing or equipment must be
removed in change rooms and not worn home or you will extend your exposure and expose
yourfamilysinceleadfromyourclothingcanaccumulateinyourhouse,car,etc.Contaminated
clothingwhichistobecleaned,launderedordisposedofmustbeplacedinclosedcontainersin
the change room. At no time may lead be removed from protective clothing or equipment by
anymeanswhichdispersesleadintotheworkroomair.
VI.HOUSEKEEPING
Your employer must establish a housekeeping program sufficient to maintain all surfaces as
free as practicable of accumulations of lead dust. Vacuuming is the preferred method of
meeting this requirement, and the use of compressed air to clean floors and other surfaces is
absolutely prohibited. Dry or wet sweeping, shoveling, or brushing may not be used except
where vacuuming or other equally effective methods have been tried and do not work.
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Vacuumsmustbeusedandemptiedinamannerwhichminimizesthereentryofleadintothe
workplace.
VII. HYGIENE FACILITIES AND PRACTICES The standard requires that change rooms, showers,
and filtered air lunchrooms be constructed and made available to workers exposed to lead
abovethePEL.WhenthePELisexceeded,theemployermustassurethatfoodandbeverageis
not present or consumed, tobacco products are not present or used, and cosmetics are not
applied, except in these facilities. Change rooms, showers, and lunchrooms must be used by
workers exposed in excess of the PEL. After showering, no clothing or equipmentworn during
the shift may be worn home, and this includes shoes and underwear. Your own clothing worn
during the shift should be carried home and cleaned carefully so that it does not contaminate
your home. Lunchrooms may not be entered with protective clothing or equipment unless
surface dust has been removed by vacuuming, downdraft booth, or other cleaning method.
Finally, workers exposed above the PEL must wash both their hands and faces prior to eating,
drinking,smokingorapplyingcosmetics.
All of the facilities and hygiene practices just discussed are essential to minimize additional
sources of lead absorption from inhalation or ingestion of lead that may accumulate on you,
your clothes, or your possessions. Strict compliance with these provisions can virtually
eliminate several sources of lead exposure which significantly contribute to excessive lead
absorption.
VIII.MEDICALSURVEILLANCE
The medical surveillance program is part of the standard's comprehensive approach to the
preventionofleadrelateddisease.Itspurposeistosupplementthemainthrustofthestandard
which is aimed at minimizing airborne concentrations of lead and sources of ingestion. Only
medical surveillance can determine if the other provisions of the standard have affectively
protected you as an individual. Compliance with the standard's provision will protect most
workers from the adverse effects of lead exposure, but may not be satisfactory to protect
individual workers who have high body burdens of lead acquired over past years, who have
additional uncontrolled sources of nonoccupational lead exposure, who exhibit unusual
variations in lead absorption rates, or who have specific nonwork related medical conditions
whichcouldbeaggravatedbyleadexposure.Inaddition,controlsystemsmayfail,orhygiene
andrespiratorprogramsmaybeinadequate.Periodicmedicalsurveillanceofindividualworkers
will help detect those failures. Medical surveillance will also be important to protect your
reproductiveabilityregardlessofwhetheryouareamanorwoman.Allmedicalsurveillance
required by the standard must be performed by or under the supervision of a licensed
physician.Theemployermustproviderequiredmedicalsurveillancewithoutcosttoemployees
andatareasonabletimeandplace.Thestandard'smedicalsurveillanceprogramhastwoparts
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periodicbiologicalmonitoringandmedicalexaminations.Youremployer'sobligationtooffer
youmedicalsurveillanceistriggeredbytheresultsoftheairmonitoringprogram.
Medicalsurveillancemustbemadeavailabletoallemployeeswhoareexposedinexcessofthe
actionlevelformorethan30daysayear.Theinitialphaseofthemedicalsurveillanceprogram,
which includes blood lead level tests and medical examinations, must be completed for all
covered employees no later than August 28, 1979. Priority within this first round of medical
surveillance must be given to employees whom the employer believes to be at greatest risk
from continued exposure. Thereafter, the employer must periodically make medical
surveillance both biological monitoring and medical examinations available to all covered
employees.
Biological monitoring under the standard consists of blood lead level and zinc protoporphyrin
tests at least every 6 months after the initial PbB test. A zinc protoporphyrin test is a very
usefulbloodtestwhichmeasuresaneffectofleadonyourbody.Ifaworker'sPbBexceeds40
g/100g the monitoring frequencymust be increased from every 6 months to at least every 2
months and not reduced until two consecutive PbBs indicate a blood lead level below 40
g/100g.EachtimeyourPbBisdeterminedtobeover40g/100g,youremployermustnotify
you of this in writing within five working days of his receipt of the test results. The employer
must also inform you that the standard requires temporary medical removal with economic
protectionwhenyourPbBexceedscertaincriteria..)Duringthefirstyearofthestandard,this
removal criterion is 80 g/100g. Anytime your PbB exceeds 80 g/100g your employer must
makeavailabletoyouapromptfollowupPbBtesttoascertainyourPbB.Ifthetwotestsboth
exceed 80 g/100g and you are temporarily removed, then your employer must make
successivePbBtestsavailabletoyouonamonthlybasisduringtheperiodofyourremoval.
Medicalexaminationsbeyondtheinitialonemustbemadeavailableonanannualbasisifyour
blood lead level exceeds 40 g/100g at any time during the preceding year. The initial
examination will provide information to establish a baseline to which subsequent data can be
compared.Aninitialmedicalexaminationmustalsobemadeavailableforeachemployeebeing
assigned for the first time to an area where the airborne concentration of lead equals or
exceeds the action level. In addition, a medical examination or consultation must be made
available as soon as possible if you notify your employer that you are experiencing signs or
symptomscommonlyassociatedwithleadpoisoningorthatyouhavedifficultybreathingwhile
wearing a respirator or during a respirator fit test. You must also be provided a medical
examination or consultation if you notify your employer that you desire medical advice
concerningtheeffectsofcurrentorpastexposuretoleadonyourabilitytoprocreateahealthy
child.
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Finally, appropriate followup medical examinations or consultations may also be provided for
employees who have been temporarily removed from exposure under the medical removal
protectionprovisionsofthestandard.
The standard specifies the minimum content of preassignment and annual medical
examinations. The content of other types of medical examinations and consultations is left up
to the sound discretion of the examining physician. Preassignment and annual medical
examinations must include a detailed work history and medical history, a thorough physical
examination,andaseriesoflaboratorytestsdesignedtocheckyourbloodchemistryandyour
kidney function. In addition, at any time upon your request, a laboratory evaluation of male
fertilitywillbemade,orapregnancytestwillbegiven.
Thestandarddoesnotrequirethatyouparticipateinanyofthemedicalprocedures,tests,etc.
which your employer is required to make available to you. Medical surveillance can, however,
playaveryimportantroleinprotectingyourhealth.Youarestronglyencouraged,therefore,to
participate in a meaningful fashion. The standard contains a multiple physician review
mechanism which would give you a chance to have a physician of your choice directly
participateinthemedicalsurveillanceprogram.Ifyouweredissatisfiedwithanexaminationby
a physician chosen by your employer, you could select a second physician to conduct an
independent analysis. The two doctors would attempt to resolve any differences of opinion,
and select a third physician to resolve any firm dispute. Generally your employer will choose
thephysicianwhoconductsmedicalsurveillanceundertheleadstandardunlessyouandyour
employer can agree on the choice of a physician or physicians. Some companies and unions
haveagreedinadvance,forexample,tousecertainindependentmedicallaboratoriesorpanels
of physicians. Any of these arrangements are acceptable so long as required medical
surveillanceismadeavailabletoworkers.
Thestandardrequiresyouremployertoprovidecertaininformationtoaphysiciantoaidinhis
or her examination of you. This information includes the standard and its appendices, a
descriptionofyourdutiesastheyrelatetoleadexposure,yourexposurelevel,adescriptionof
personal protective equipment you wear, prior blood lead level results, and prior written
medical opinions concerning you that the employer has. After a medical examination or
consultation the physician must prepare a written report which must contain the physician's
opinion as to whether you have any medical condition which places you at increased risk of
material impairment to health from exposure to lead, any recommended special protective
measurestobeprovidedtoyou,anybloodleadleveldeterminations,andanyrecommended
limitationonyouruseofrespirators.Thislastelementmustincludeadeterminationofwhether
you can wear a powered air purifying respirator if you are found unable to wear a negative
pressurerespirator.
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The medical surveillance program of the lead standard may at some point in time serve to
notifycertainworkersthattheyhaveacquiredadiseaseorotheradversemedicalconditionas
a result of occupational lead exposure. If this is true, these workers might have legal rights to
compensation from public agencies, their employers, firms that supply hazardous products to
theiremployers,orotherpersons.Somestateshavelaws,includingworkercompensationlaws,
thatdisallowaworkerwholearnsofajobrelatedhealthimpairmenttosue,unlesstheworker
sues within a short period of time after learning of the impairment. An attorney can be
consultedaboutthesepossibilities.ItshouldbestressedthatOSHAisinnowaytryingtoeither
encourage or discourage claims or lawsuits. However, since results of the standard's medical
surveillanceprogramcansignificantlyaffectthelegalremediesofaworkerwhohasacquireda
jobrelateddiseaseorimpairment,itisproperforOSHAtomakeyouawareofthis.
Themedicalsurveillancesectionofthestandardalsocontainsprovisionsdealingwithchelation.
Chelation is the use of certain drugs to reduce the amount of lead absorbed in body tissues.
Experience accumulated by the medical and scientific communities has largely confirmed the
effectiveness of this type of therapy for the treatment of very severe lead poisoning. On the
otherhand,ithasalsobeenestablishedthattherecanbealonglistofextremelyharmfulside
effects associated with the use of chelating agents. The medical community has balanced the
advantages and disadvantages resulting from the use of chelating agents in various
circumstances and has established when the use of these agents is acceptable. The standard
includestheseacceptedlimitationsduetoahistoryofabuseofchelationtherapybysomelead
companies. The most widely used chelating agents are calcium disodium EDTA, , Calcium
DisodiumVersenate,anddpenicillamine.
Thestandardprohibitsprophylaccchelaon ofanyemployeebyanypersontheemployer
retains, supervises or controls. Prophylacc chelaon is the roune use of chelang or
similarly acting drugs to prevent elevated blood levels in workers who are occupationally
exposedtolead,ortheuseofthesedrugstoroutinelylowerbloodleadlevelstopredesignated
concentrations believed to be 'safe'. It should be emphasized that where an employer takes a
worker who has no symptoms of lead poisoning and has chelation carried out by a physician
solely to reduce the worker's blood lead level, that will generally be considered prophylactic
chelation. The use of a hospital and a physician does not mean that prophylactic chelation is
not being performed. Routine chelation to prevent increased or reduce current blood lead
levelsisunacceptablewhateverthesetting.
Thestandardallowstheuseoftherapeuc ordiagnosc chelaonifadministeredunder
the supervision of a licensed physician in a clinical setting with thorough and appropriate
medical monitoring. Therapeutic chelation responds to severe lead poisoning where there are
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marked symptoms. Diagnostic chelation involved giving a patient a dose of the drug then
collectingallurineexcretedforsomeperiodoftimeasanaidtothediagnosisofleadpoisoning.
Incaseswheretheexaminingphysiciandeterminesthatchelationisappropriate,youmustbe
notified in writing of this fact before such treatment. This will inform you of a potentially
harmfultreatment,andallowyoutoobtainasecondopinion.
IX.MEDICALREMOVALPROTECTION
Excessiveleadabsorptionsubjectsyoutoincreasedriskofdisease.Medicalremovalprotection
isameansofprotectingyouwhen,forwhateverreasons,othermethods,suchasengineering
controls,workpractices,andrespirators,havefailedtoprovidetheprotectionyouneed.MRP
involves the temporary removal of a worker from his or her regular job to a place of
significantlylowerexposurewithoutanylossofearnings,seniority,orotheremploymentrights
or benefits. The purpose of this program is to cease further lead absorption and allow your
body to naturally excrete lead which has previously been absorbed. Temporary medical
removalcanresultfromanelevatedbloodleadlevel,oramedicalopinion.Upto18monthsof
protection is provided as a result of either form of removal. The vast majority of removed
workers, however, will return to their former jobs long before this eighteen month period
expires. The standard contains special provisions to deal with the extraordinary but possible
case where a longterm worker's blood lead level does not adequately decline during eighteen
monthsofremoval.Duringthefirstyearofthestandard,ifyourbloodleadlevelis80g/100g
or above you must be removed from any exposure where your air lead level without a
respiratorwouldbe100g/m3orabove.Ifyouareremovedfromyournormaljobyoumaynot
be returned until your blood lead level declines to at least 60 g/100g. These criteria for
removalandreturnwillchangeaccordingtothefollowingschedule:
Youmayalsoberemovedfromexposureevenifyourbloodleadlevelsarebelowthesecriteria
ifafinalmedicaldeterminationindicatesthatyoutemporarilyneedreducedleadexposurefor
medicalreasons.Ifthephysicianwhoisimplementingyouremployersmedicalprogrammakes
afinalwrittenopinionrecommendingyourremovalorotherspecialprotectivemeasures,your
employermustimplementthephysician'srecommendation.Ifyouareremovedinthismanner,
youmayonlybereturnedwhenthedoctorindicatesthatitissafeforyoutodoso.
Thestandarddoesnotgivespecificinstructionsdealingwithwhatanemployermustdowitha
removed worker. Your job assignment upon removal is a matter for you, your employer and
youruniontoworkoutconsistentwithexistingproceduresforjobassignments.Eachremoval
must be accomplished in a mannerconsistent with existing collectivebargaining relationships.
Your employer is given broad discretion to implement temporary removals so long as no
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attempt is made to override existing agreements. Similarly, a removed worker is provided no
righttovetoanemployer'schoicewhichsatisfiesthestandard.
Inmostcases,employerswilllikelytransferremovedemployeestootherjobswithsufficiently
low lead exposure. Alternatively, a worker's hours may be reduced so that the time weighted
averageexposureisreduced,orheorshemaybetemporarilylaidoffifnootheralternativeis
feasible.Inthisentiresituation,MRPbenefitsmustbeprovidedduringtheperiodofremoval
i.e., you continue to receive the same earnings, seniority, and other rights and benefits you
wouldhavehadifyouhadnotbeenremoved.Earningsincludemorethanjustyourbasewage;
it includes overtime, shift differentials, incentives, and other compensation you would have
earnedifyouhadnotbeenremoved.Duringtheperiodofremovalyoumustalsobeprovided
withappropriatefollowupmedicalsurveillance.Ifyouwereremovedbecauseyourbloodlead
levelwastoohigh,youmustbeprovidedwithamonthlybloodtest.
Ifamedicalopinioncausedyourremoval,youmustbeprovidedmedicaltestsorexaminations
that the doctor believes to be appropriate. If you do not participate in this follow up medical
surveillance,youmayloseyoureligibilityforMRPbenefits.
Whenyouaremedicallyeligibletoreturntoyourformerjob,youremployermustreturnyouto
your former job status. This means that you are entled to the posion, wages, benets,
etc.,youwouldhavehadifyouhadnotbeenremoved.Ifyouwouldstillbeinyouroldjobifno
removal had occurred that is where you go back. If not, you are returned consistent with
whateverjobassignmentdiscretionyouremployerwouldhavehadifnoremovalhadoccurred.
MRPonlyseekstomaintainyourrights,notexpandthemordiminishthem.
If you are removed under MRP and you are also eligible for worker compensation or other
compensation for lost wages, your employer's MRP benefits obligation is reduced by the
amountthatyouactuallyreceivefromtheseothersources.Thisisalsotrueifyouobtainother
employmentduringthetimeyouarelaidoffwithMRPbenefits.
The standard also covers situations where an employer voluntarily removes a worker from
exposuretoleadduetotheeffectsofleadontheemployee'smedicalcondition,eventhough
thestandarddoesnotrequireremoval.InthesesituationsMRPbenefitsmuststillbeprovided
asthoughthestandardrequiredremoval.Finally,itisimportanttonotethatinallcaseswhere
removalisrequired,respiratorscannotbeusedasasubstitute.Respiratorsmaybeusedbefore
removalbecomesnecessary,butnotasanalternativetoatransfertoalowexposurejob,orto
alayoffwithMRPbenefits.
X.EMPLOYEEINFORMATIONANDTRAINING
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Your employer is required to provide an information and training program for all employees
exposedtoleadabovetheactionlevelorwhomaysufferskinoreyeirritationfromlead.This
program must inform these employees of the specific hazards associated with their work
environment,protectivemeasureswhichcanbetaken,thedangerofleadtotheirbodies,and
their rights under the standard. In addition your employer must make readily available to all
employees, including those exposed below the action level, a copy of the standard and its
appendicesandmustdistributetoallemployeesanymaterialsprovidedtotheemployerbythe
Occupational Safety and Health Administration . Your employer is required to complete this
trainingprogramforallemployeesbyAugust28,1979.Afterthisdate,allnewemployeesmust
betrainedpriortoinitialassignmenttoareaswherethereisapossibilityofexposureoverthe
actionlevel.Thistrainingprogrammustalsobeprovidedatleastannuallythereafter.
XI.SIGNS
The standard requires that the following warning sign be posted in work areas where the
exposuretoleadexceedsthePEL:
WARNING
LEADWORKAREA
NOSMOKINGOREATING
XII.RECORDKEEPING
Your employer is required to keepall records of exposure monitoring for airborne lead. These
records must include the name and job classification of employees measured, details of the
sampling and analytic techniques, the results of this sampling, and the type of respiratory
protection being worn by the person sampled. Your employer is also required to keep all
records of biological monitoring and medical examination results. These must include the
names of the employees, the physician's written opinion, and a copy of the results of the
examination.Alloftheabovekindsofrecordsmustbekeptfor40years,orforatleast20years
afteryourterminationofemployment,whicheverislonger.
Recordkeepingisalsorequiredifyouaretemporarilyremovedfromyourjobunderthemedical
removal protection program. This record must include your name and social security number,
the date of your removal and return, how the removal was or is being accomplished, and
whetherornotthereasonfortheremovalwasanelevatedbloodleadlevel.Youremployeris
requiredtokeepeachmedicalremovalrecordonlyforaslongasthedurationofanemployee's
employment.
Thestandardrequiresthatifyourequesttoseeorcopyenvironmentalmonitoring,bloodlead
level monitoring, or medical removal records, they must be made available to you or to a
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representativethatyouauthorize.Yourunionalsohasaccesstotheserecords.Medicalrecords
otherthanPbB'smustalsobeprovideduponrequesttoyou,toyourphysicianortoanyother
personwhomyoumayspecificallydesignate.Youruniondoesnothaveaccesstoyourpersonal
medicalrecordsunlessyouauthorizetheiraccess.
XIII.OBSERVATIONSOFMONITORING
Whenairmonitoringforleadisperformedatyourworkplaceasrequiredbythisstandard,your
employer must allow you or someone you designate to act as an observer of the monitoring.
Observers are entitled to an explanation of the measurement procedure, and to record the
results obtained. Since results will not normally be available at the time of the monitoring,
observersareentitledtorecordorreceivetheresultsofthemonitoringwhenreturnedbythe
laboratory.
Your employer is required to provide the observer with any personal protective devices
required to be worn byemployeesworking in the area that is being monitored. The employer
must require the observer to wearall suchequipment andto complywith all other applicable
safetyandhealthprocedures.
XIV.EFFECTIVEDATE
The standard's effective data is Jan 01, 2013, and employer obligations under the standard
begintocomeintoeffectasofthatdate.

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20.0 Lockout Tagout Program
TOPPS Well Service, Inc. has implemented this Hazardous Energy Control Program and
Lockout/Tagout procedures to ensure that employees are properly trained, aware of hazards
associated with Lockout/Tagout, and correctly informed of procedures, policies, and practices
topreventor,ifpossible,eliminatethesehazards.
The Safety Personnel is the supervisor responsible for ensuring the following training,
engineeringcontrols,workpractices,andsafetyproceduresareenforced:
TOPPS Well Service, Inc. will provide training to ensure that the purpose and function of the
energy control program are understood by employees and that the knowledge and skills
required for the safe application, usage, and removal of the energy controls are acquired by
employees.Thetrainingwillincludethefollowing:
1. Each authorized employee will receive training in the recognition of applicable
hazardous energy sources, the type and magnitude of the energy available in the
workplace,andthemethodsandmeansnecessaryforenergyisolationandcontrol.
2. Eachaffectedemployeewillbeinstructedinthepurposeanduseoftheenergycontrol
procedure.
3. All other employees whose work operations are or may be in an area where energy
control procedures may be utilized, will be instructed about the procedure, and about
the prohibition relating to attempts to restart or reenergize machines or equipment
whicharelockedoutortaggedout.
201 Program Training
When tagout systems are used, employees will also be trained in the following limitations of
tags:
1. WhocontrolstheProgram.
2. HowtheProgramisenforced.
3. Specific procedures that outline the scope, purpose, authorization, rules, and
techniquestobeutilized.
4. Inspections where unexpected energizing start up or release of stored energy could
occurandcauseinjury.
5. Equipment surveys and listings will be provided that will include electrical, steam,
hydraulic,tension,gravity,etc.aspotentialsourcesofenergy.
6. Tags are essentially warning devices affixed to energy isolating devices, and do not
providethephysicalrestraintonthosedevicesthatisprovidedbyalock.
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7. When a tag is attached to an energy isolating means, it is not to be removed without
permission of the authorized person responsible for it, and it is never to be bypassed,
ignored,orotherwisedefeated.
8. Tags must be legible and understandable by all authorized employees, affected
employees,andallotheremployeeswhoseworkoperationsareormaybeinthearea,
inordertobeeffective.
9. Tagsandtheirmeansofattachmentmustbemadeofmaterialswhichwillwithstandthe
environmentalconditionsencounteredintheworkplace.
10. Tagsmayevokeafalsesenseofsecurity,andtheirmeaningneedstobeunderstoodas
partoftheoverallenergycontrolprogram.
11. Tags must be securely attached to energy isolating devices so that they cannot be
inadvertentlyoraccidentallydetachedduringuse.
TOPPSWellService,Inc.willprovideemployeeretrainingunderthefollowingcircumstances:
1. Retrainingwillbeprovidedforallauthorizedandaffectedemployeeswheneverthereis
a change intheir job assignments, achange in machines,equipment, or processes that
presentanewhazard,orwhenthereisachangeintheenergycontrolprocedures.
2. Additional retraining will also be conducted whenever a periodic inspection reveals, or
wheneverTheSafetyPersonnelhasreasontobelievethattherearedeviationsfromor
inadequaciesintheemployee'sknowledgeoruseoftheenergycontrolprocedures.
3. The retraining will reestablish employee proficiency and introduce new or revised
controlmethodsandprocedures,asnecessary.
TOPPS Well Service, Inc. will certify that employee training and/or retraining has been
accomplished and is being kept up to date. The documentation will contain each employee's
name,datesoftraining,andwhoconductedthetraining.
Ifanenergysourcecanbelockedout,thismethodwillbeulized.ALockoutDevice ulizes
alock,eitherkeyorcombination,toholdanenergyisolatingdeviceinasafeposition.
1. If an energy source cannot be locked out, a tagout system will be utilized. A Tagout
Device isawarningtagstandardizedinsize,color,withwordingwarningofhazardous
energysuchas:Lockout/Tagoutdeviceswillbeclearlymarkedtoindicatetheidentity
oftheemployeeapplyingthedevice.
2. Lockout or tagout will be performed only by the authorized employees who are
performingtheservicingormaintenance.
3. AffectedemployeeswillbenotifiedbyTheSafetyPersonnelorauthorizedemployeeof
the application and removal of lockout devices or tagout devices. Notification will be
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givenbeforethecontrolsareapplied,andaftertheyareremovedfromthemachineor
equipment.
Established TOPPS Well Service, Inc. procedures for energy control and the application of
lockout or tagout devices covers the following elements and actions and will be done in the
followingsequence:
PreparationforShutdown
Before an authorized or affected employee turns off a machine or equipment, the authorized
employee will have knowledge of the type and magnitude of the energy, the hazards of the
energytobecontrolled,andthemethodormeanstocontroltheenergy.
MachineorEquipmentShutdown
Themachineorequipmentwillbeturnedofforshutdownusingtheproceduresestablishedfor
the machine or equipment. An orderly shutdown will be utilized to avoid any additional or
increasedhazardtoemployeesasaresultoftheequipmentstoppage.
MachineorEquipmentIsolation
Allenergyisolatingdevicesthatareneededtocontroltheenergytothemachineorequipment
will be physically located and operated in such a manner as to isolate the machine or
equipmentfromtheenergysource.
LockoutorTagoutDeviceApplication
Lockout or tagout devices will be affixed to each energy isolating device by authorized
employees.
Lockout devices, where used, will be affixed in a manner to that will hold the energy isolating
devicesina"safe"or"off"position.
Tagout devices, where used, will be affixed in such a manner as will clearly indicate that the
operation or movement of energy isolating devices from the "safe" or "off" position is
prohibited.
Where tagout devices are used with energy isolating devices designed with the capability of
being locked, the tag attachment will be fastened at the same point at which the lock would
havebeenattached.
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Whereatagcannotbeaffixeddirectlytotheenergyisolatingdevice,thetagwillbelocatedas
closeassafelypossibletothedevice,inapositionthatwillbeimmediatelyobvioustoanyone
attemptingtooperatethedevice.
StoredEnergy
Followingtheapplicationoflogoutortagoutdevicestoenergyisolatingdevices,allpotentially
hazardous stored or residual energy will be relieved, disconnected, restrained, and otherwise
renderedsafe.
Ifthereisapossibilityofreaccumulationofstoredenergytoahazardouslevel,verificationof
isolation will be continued until the servicing or maintenance is completed, or until the
possibilityofsuchaccumulationnolongerexists.
VerificationofIsolation
Priortostartingworkonmachinesorequipmentthathavebeenlockedoutortaggedout,the
authorizedemployeewillverifythatisolationanddeenergizationofthemachineorequipment
havebeenaccomplished.
Before lockout or tagout devices are removed and energy is restored to the machine or
equipment, procedures will be followed and actions taken by the authorized employee to
ensurethefollowing:
1. Themachineorequipment.Theworkareawillbeinspectedtoensurethatnonessential
items have been removed and to ensure that machine or equipment components are
operationallyintact.
2. Employees.Theworkareawillbecheckedtoensurethatallemployeeshavebeensafely
positionedorremoved.
3. Afterlockoutortagoutdeviceshavebeenremovedandbeforeamachineorequipment
is started, affected employees will be notified that the lockout or tagout device have
beenremoved.
202 Removal of Lockout or Tagout Devices
Each lockout or tagout device will be removed from each energy isolating device by the
employeewhoappliedthedevice.
Exception: When the authorized employee who applied the lockout or tagout device is not
available to remove it, that device may be removed under the direction of The Safety
Personnel.Suchproceduresincludethefollowingelements:
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1. Verification by The Safety Personnel that the authorized employee who applied the
deviceisnotatthefacility.
2. Allreasonableeffortsweremadetocontacttheauthorizedemployeetoinformhim/her
thathis/herlockoutortagoutdevicehasbeenremoved.
3. Ensuringthattheauthorizedemployeehasthisknowledgebeforehe/sheresumeswork
atthatfacility.
Insituationswherelockoutortagoutdevicesmustbetemporarilyremovedandthemachineor
equipmentenergizedtotestorposition,thefollowingprocedureswillbefollowed:
1. Clearthemachineorequipmentoftoolsandmaterials.
2. Removeemployeesfromthemachineorequipmentarea.
3. Removethelockoutortagoutdevicesasspecified.
4. Energizeandproceedwithtestingorpositioning.
5. Deenergize all systems and reapply energy control measures to continue the servicing
and/ormaintenance.
6. Thisprocedurewillbeverifiedanddocumentedbypersonnelperformingit.
Whenever outside servicing personnel are to be engaged in operations requiring lockout or
tagout procedures, The Safety Personnel and the outside employer will inform each other of
theirrespectivelockoutortagoutprocedures.
The Safety Personnel will ensure that employees understand and comply with the restrictions
andprohibitionsoftheoutsideemployer'senergycontrolprogram.
Whenservicingand/ormaintenanceisperformedbyacrew,craft,department,orothergroup,
they will utilize a procedure which affords the employees a level of protection equivalent to
thatprovidedbytheimplementationofapersonallockout ortagoutdevice.Grouplockout or
tagoutdeviceswillbeusedwiththefollowingspecificrequirements:
PrimaryresponsibilityisvestedinTheSafetyPersonnelforasetnumberofemployeesworking
undertheprotectionofagrouplockoutortagoutdevice.
Provision for The Safety Personnel to ascertain the exposure status of individual group
memberswithregardtothelockoutortagoutofthemachineorequipment.
When more than one crew, craft, department, etc. is involved, assignment of overall job
associated lockout or tagout control responsibility to The Safety Personnel to coordinate
affectedworkforcesandensurecontinuityofprotection.
Each authorized employee will affix a personal lockout or tagout device to the group lockout
device,grouplockbox,orcomparablemechanismwhenheorshebeginswork,andwillremove
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those devices when he or she stops working on the machine or equipment being serviced or
maintained.
During shift or personnel changes, procedures will be utilized to ensure the continuity of
lockout or tagout protection, including provision for the orderly transfer of lockout or tagout
device protection between offgoing and oncoming employees, to minimize exposure to
hazards from the unexpected energization or startup of the machine or equipment, or the
release of stored energy. Documentation will be maintained as to personnel, equipment, and
particularLockout/Tagoutproceduresinvolvedinaspecificongoingoperation.
Failure to comply with proper Lockout/Tagout procedures is grounds for disciplinary action.
Any unauthorized removal of warning tags or lockout devices will be grounds for immediate
termination of employment. The performance of Lockout/Tagout procedures at TOPPS Well
Service, Inc. will be inspected/evaluated at least annually by The Safety Personnel for
compliance with Company Policy. Inspections will be documented and date, equipment, and
employeereviewedwillberecorded.
Lockoutproceduresaretobeutilizedovertagoutprocedures,wherepossible.
Locksandtagsusedforlockoutortagoutprocedureswillbeclearlymarkedwithidentification
oftheemployeeapplyingthedevice.
The Lockout /Tagout procedures for TOPPS Well Service, Inc. are administered by The Safety
Personnel,andwillbethosedescribedinthefollowingprocedures.
203 Lockout Procedure
Purpose
This procedure establishes the minimum requirements for the lockout of energy isolating
deviceswhenevermaintenanceorservicingisdoneonmachinesorequipment.Itwillbeused
to ensure that the machine or equipment is stopped, isolated from all potentially hazardous
energysourcesandlockedoutbeforeemployeesperformanyservicingormaintenancewhere
the unexpected energization or startup of the machine or equipment or release of stored
energycouldcauseinjury.
CompliancewiththisProgram
Allemployeesarerequiredtocomplywiththerestrictionsandlimitationsimposeduponthem
during the use of lockout. The authorized employees are required to perform the lockout in
accordance with this procedure. All employees, upon observing a machine or piece of
equipment which is locked out to perform servicing or maintenance will not attempt to start,
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energize, or use that machine or equipment. Type of compliance enforcement to be taken for
violationoftheabove:
SequenceofLockout
1.) Notify all affected employees that servicing or maintenance is required on a machine or
equipmentandthatthemachineorequipmentmustbeshutdownandlockedouttoperform
theservicingormaintenance.
Affectedemployeesandhowtonotify:
Name:___________________________________________________________________
JobTitle:___________________________________________________________________
2.) The authorized employee will refer to the company procedure to identify the type and
magnitudeoftheenergythatthemachineorequipmentutilizes,willunderstandthehazardsof
theenergy,andwillknowthemethodstocontroltheenergy.
Typeandmagnitudeofenergy,itshazardsandthemethodstocontroltheenergy.
3.)Ifthemachineorequipmentisoperating,shutitdownbythenormalstoppingprocedure.
MachineorEquipmentoperatingcontrols:
Type:_______________________________________________
Location:____________________________________________
Type:_______________________________________________
Location:____________________________________________
Type:_______________________________________________
Location:____________________________________________
Type:_______________________________________________
Location:____________________________________________
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4.)Deactivatetheenergyisolatingdevicesothatthemachineorequipmentisisolatedfromthe
energysource.
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Typeandlocationofenergyisolatingdevices.
5.)Lockouttheenergyisolatingdevicewithassignedindividuallock
.
Lock#:______AssignedTo:____________________________________
Lock#:______AssignedTo:____________________________________
Lock#:______AssignedTo:____________________________________
Lock#:______AssignedTo:____________________________________
6.)Storedorresidualenergymustbedissipatedorrestrainedbymethodssuchasgrounding,
repositioning,blocking,bleedingdown,etc.
Typeofstoredenergymethodstodissipateorrestrain.
7.)Ensurethattheequipmentisdisconnectedfromtheenergysourcebyfirstcheckingthatno
personnelareexposed,thenverifytheisolationoftheequipmentbyoperatingthepushbutton
orothernormaloperatingcontrolorbytestingtomakecertaintheequipmentwillnotoperate.
Cauon: Return operang control to neutral or o posion aer verifying the isolaon of
theequipment.
Methodofverifyingtheisolationoftheequipment.
8.)Themachineorequipmentisnowlockedout.
RESTORINGEQUIPMENTTOSERVICE.Whentheservicingormaintenanceiscompletedandthe
machineorequipmentisreadytoreturntonormaloperatingcondition,thefollowingstepswill
betaken:
1.) Check the machine or equipment and the immediate area around the machine or
equipment to ensure that nonessential items have been removed and that the machine or
equipmentcomponentsareoperationallyintact.
2.) Check the work area to ensure that all employees havebeen safelypositioned or removed
fromthearea.
3.)Verifythatthecontrolsareinneutral.
4.)Removethelockoutdevicesandreenergizethemachineorequipment.
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Note: The removal of some forms of blocking may require reenergization of the machine
beforesaferemoval.
5.)Notifyaffectedemployeesthattheservicingormaintenanceiscompletedandthemachine
orequipmentisreadyforuse.
The Lockout/Tagout program for TOPPS Well Service, Inc. has been implemented from the
followingOSHAregulationwithparticularemphasisonthehighlightedareas:
204 1910.147 The Control of Hazardous Energy
Scope,applicationandpurpose.
Scope.
This standard covers the servicing and maintenance of machines and equipment in which the
unexpectedenergizationorstartupofthemachinesorequipment,orreleaseofstoredenergy
could cause injury to employees. This standard establishes minimum performance
requirementsforthecontrolofsuchhazardousenergy.
Thisstandarddoesnotcoverthefollowing:
1. Construction,agriculture,andmaritimeemployment;
2. Installations under the exclusive control of electric utilities for the purpose of power
generation, transmission and distribution, including related equipment for
communicationormetering;and
3. Exposure to electrical hazards from work on, near, or with conductors or equipment in
electricutilizationinstallations,whichiscoveredbySubdivisionSofthisDivision;and
4. Oilandgaswelldrillingandservicing.
Application.
This standard applies to the control of energy during servicing and/or maintenance of
machinesandequipment.
Normalproductionoperationsarenotcoveredbythisstandard.Servicingand/ormaintenance
whichtakesplaceduringnormalproductionoperationsiscoveredbythisstandardonlyif:
1. Anemployeeisrequiredtoremoveorbypassaguardorothersafetydevice;or
2. Anemployeeisrequiredtoplaceanypartofhisorherbodyintoanareaonamachine
or piece of equipment where work is actually performed upon the material being
processedorwhereanassociateddangerzoneexistsduringamachineoperatingcycle.
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Note:Exceptiontoparagraph:Minortoolchangesandadjustments,andotherminorservicing
activities, which take place during normal production operations, are not covered by this
standardiftheyareroutine,repetitive,andintegraltotheuseoftheequipmentforproduction,
provided that the work is performed using alternative measures which provide effective
protection.
Thisstandarddoesnotapplytothefollowing.
Work on cord and plug connected electric equipment for which exposure to the hazards of
unexpected energization or start up of the equipment is controlled by the unplugging of the
equipment from the energy source and by the plug being under the exclusive control of the
employeeperformingtheservicingormaintenance.
Hottapoperationsinvolvingtransmissionanddistributionsystemsforsubstancessuchasgas,
steam, water or petroleum products when they are performed on pressurized pipelines,
providedthattheemployerdemonstratesthatcontinuityofserviceisessential;shutdownof
thesystemisimpractical;anddocumentedproceduresarefollowed,andspecialequipmentis
usedwhichwillprovideproveneffectiveprotectionforemployees.
This section requires employers to establish a program and utilize procedures for affixing
appropriate lockout devices or tagout devices to energy isolating devices, and to otherwise
disable machines or equipment to prevent unexpected energization, startup or release of
storedenergyinordertopreventinjurytoemployees.
Whenotherstandardsinthispartrequiretheuseoflockoutortagout,theyshallbeusedand
supplementedbytheproceduralandtrainingrequirementsofthissection.
205 Energy control program.
The employer shall establish a program consisting of energy control procedures, employee
trainingandperiodicinspectionstoensurethatbeforeanyemployeeperformsanyservicingor
maintenanceonamachineorequipmentwheretheunexpectedenergizing,startuporrelease
ofstoredenergycouldoccurandcauseinjury,themachineorequipmentshallbeisolatedfrom
theenergysource,andrenderedinoperative.
Lockout/tagout.Ifanenergyisolatingdeviceisnotcapableofbeinglockedout,theemployer's
energycontrolprogramunderparagraphofthissectionshallutilizeatagoutsystem.
If an energy isolating device is capable of being locked out, the employer's energy control
program under paragraph of this section shall utilize lockout, unless the employer can
demonstratethattheutilizationofatagoutsystemwillprovidefullemployeeprotectionasset
forth in paragraph of this section. After January 2, 1990, whenever replacement or major
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repair,renovationormodificationofamachineorequipmentisperformed,andwhenevernew
machinesorequipmentareinstalled,energyisolatingdevicesforsuchmachinesorequipment
shallbedesignedtoacceptalockoutdevice.
Fullemployeeprotection.
When a tagout device is used on an energy isolating device which is capable of being locked
out, the tagout device shall be attached at the same location that the lockout device would
havebeenattached,andtheemployershalldemonstratethatthetagoutprogramwillprovide
alevelofsafetyequivalenttothatobtainedbyusingalockoutprogram.
Indemonstratingthatalevelofsafetyisachievedinthetagoutprogramwhichisequivalentto
the level of safety obtained by using a lockout program, the employer shall demonstrate full
compliance with all tagoutrelated provisions of this standard together with such additional
elementsasarenecessarytoprovidetheequivalentsafetyavailablefromtheuseofalockout
device. Additional means to be considered as part of the demonstration of full employee
protectionshallincludetheimplementationofadditionalsafetymeasuressuchastheremoval
of an isolating circuit element, blocking of a controlling switch, opening of an extra
disconnecting device, or the removal of a valve handle to reduce the likelihood of inadvertent
energization.
Energycontrolprocedure.
Procedures shall be developed, documented and utilized for the control of potentially
hazardousenergywhenemployeesareengagedintheactivitiescoveredbythissection.
Note: Exception: The employer need not document the required procedure for a particular
machineorequipment,whenallofthefollowingelementsexist:
Themachineorequipmenthasnopotentialforstoredorresidualenergyorreaccumulationof
storedenergyaftershutdownwhichcouldendangeremployees;
The machine or equipment has a single energy source which can be readily identified and
isolated;
The isolation and locking out of that energy source willcompletely deenergize and deactivate
themachineorequipment;
Themachineorequipmentisisolatedfromthatenergysourceandlockedoutduringservicing
ormaintenance;
Asinglelockoutdevicewillachievealockedoutcondition;
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The lockout device is under the exclusive control of the authorized employee performing the
servicingormaintenance;
Theservicingormaintenancedoesnotcreatehazardsforotheremployees;and
The employer, in utilizing this exception, has had no accidents involving the unexpected
activationorreenergizationofthemachineorequipmentduringservicingormaintenance.
The procedures shall clearly and specifically outline the scope, purpose, authorization, rules,
and techniques to be utilized for the control of hazardous energy, and the means to enforce
complianceincluding,butnotlimitedto,thefollowing:
Aspecificstatementoftheintendeduseoftheprocedure;
Specific procedural steps for shutting down, isolating, blocking and securing machines or
equipmenttocontrolhazardousenergy;
Specificproceduralstepsfortheplacement,removalandtransferoflockoutdevicesortagout
devicesandtheresponsibilityforthem;and
Specific requirements for testing a machine or equipment to determine and verify the
effectivenessoflockoutdevices,tagoutdevices,andotherenergycontrolmeasures.Protective
materialsandhardware.
Locks,tags,chains,wedges,keyblocks,adapterpins,selflockingfasteners,orotherhardware
shallbeprovidedbytheemployerforisolating,securingorblockingofmachinesorequipment
fromenergysources.Lockoutdevicesandtagoutdevicesshallbesingularlyidentified;shallbe
the only devices used for controlling energy; shall not be used for other purposes; and shall
meetthefollowingrequirements:
1. Lockout and tagout devices shall becapable ofwithstanding theenvironment to which
theyareexposedforthemaximumperiodoftimethatexposureisexpected.
2. Tagoutdevicesshallbeconstructedandprintedsothatexposuretoweatherconditions
orwetanddamplocationswillnot causethetagtodeteriorateorthemessageonthe
tagtobecomeillegible.
3. Tags shall not deteriorate when used in corrosive environments such as areas where
acidandalkalichemicalsarehandledandstored.
Standardized. Lockout and tagout devices shall be standardized within the facility in at least
one of the following criteria: Color; shape; or size; and additionally, in the case of tagout
devices,printandformatshallbestandardized.
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Lockout devices. Lockout devices shall be substantial enough to prevent removal without the
useofexcessiveforceorunusualtechniques,suchaswiththeuseofboltcuttersorothermetal
cuttingtools.
Tagoutdevices.Tagoutdevices,includingandtheirmeansofattachment,shallbesubstantial
enoughtopreventinadvertentoraccidentalremoval.Tagoutdeviceattachmentmeansshallbe
of a nonreusable type, attachable by hand, selflocking, and nonreleasable with a minimum
unlocking strength of no less than 50 pounds and having the general design and basic
characteristicsofbeingatleastequivalenttoaonepiece,allenvironmenttolerantnyloncable
tie.Identifiable.Lockoutdevicesandtagoutdevicesshallindicatetheidentityoftheemployee
applyingthedevice.
Tagout devices shall warn against hazardous conditions if the machine or equipment is
energizedandshallincludealegendsuchasthefollowing:
DoNotStart,
DoNotOpen,
DoNotClose,
DoNotEnergize,
DoNotOperate.
Periodic inspection. The employer shall conduct a periodic inspection of the energy control
procedureatleastannuallytoensurethattheprocedureandtherequirementsofthisstandard
are being followed. The periodic inspection shall be performed by an authorized employee
other than the one utilizing the energy control procedure being inspected. The periodic
inspectionshallbeconductedtocorrectanydeviationsorinadequaciesidentified.
Where lockout is used for energy control, the periodic inspection shall include a review,
between the inspector and each authorized employee, of that employee's responsibilities
undertheenergycontrolprocedurebeinginspected.
Where tagout is used for energy control, the periodic inspection shall include a review,
between the inspector and each authorized and affected employee, of that employee's
responsibilitiesundertheenergycontrolprocedurebeinginspected,andtheelementssetforth
inparagraphofthissection.
Theemployershallcertifythattheperiodicinspectionshavebeenperformed.Thecertification
shall identify the machine or equipment on which the energy control procedure was being
utilized, the date of the inspection, the employees included in the inspection, and the person
performingtheinspection.
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Training and communication. The employer shall provide training toensure thatthe purpose
and function of the energy control program are understood by employees and that the
knowledge and skills required for the safe application, usage, and removal of the energy
controlsareacquiredbyemployees.Thetrainingshallincludethefollowing:
Each authorized employee shall receive training in the recognition of applicable hazardous
energy sources, the type and magnitude of the energy available in the workplace, and the
methodsandmeansnecessaryforenergyisolationandcontrol.
Each affected employee shall be instructed in the purpose and use of the energy control
procedure.Allotheremployeeswhoseworkoperationsareormaybeinanareawhereenergy
control procedures may be utilized, shall be instructed about the procedure, and about the
prohibition relating to attempts to restart or reenergize machines or equipment which are
lockedoutortaggedout.
When tagout systems are used, employees shall also be trained in the following limitations of
tags:
1. Tags are essentially warning devices affixed to energy isolating devices, and do not
providethephysicalrestraintonthosedevicesthatisprovidedbyalock.
2. When a tag is attached to an energy isolating means, it is not to be removed without
authorizationoftheauthorizedpersonresponsibleforit,anditisnevertobebypassed,
ignored,orotherwisedefeated.
3. Tags must be legible and understandable by all authorized employees, affected
employees,andallotheremployeeswhoseworkoperationsareormaybeinthearea,
inordertobeeffective.
4. Tagsandtheirmeansofattachmentmustbemadeofmaterialswhichwillwithstandthe
environmentalconditionsencounteredintheworkplace.
5. Tagsmayevokeafalsesenseofsecurity,andtheirmeaningneedstobeunderstoodas
partoftheoverallenergycontrolprogram.
6. Tags must be securely attached to energy isolating devices so that they cannot be
inadvertentlyoraccidentallydetachedduringuse.
Employee retraining. Retraining shall be provided for all authorized and affected employees
whenever there is a change in their job assignments, a change in machines, equipment or
processes that present a new hazard, or when there is a change in the energy control
procedures.
Additional retraining shall also be conducted whenever a periodic inspection under paragraph
of this section reveals, or whenever the employer has reason to believe, that there are
deviations from or inadequacies in the employee's knowledge or use of the energy control
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procedures.Theretrainingshallreestablishemployeeproficiencyandintroduceneworrevised
controlmethodsandprocedures,asnecessary.
Theemployershallcertifythatemployeetraininghasbeenaccomplishedandisbeingkeptup
todate.Thecertificationshallcontaineachemployee'snameanddatesoftraining.
Energyisolation.Lockoutortagoutshallbeperformedonlybytheauthorizedemployeeswho
areperformingtheservicingormaintenance.
Notificationofemployees.Affectedemployeesshallbenotifiedbytheemployerorauthorized
employeeoftheapplicationandremovaloflockoutdevicesortagoutdevices.Notificationshall
be given before the controls are applied, and after they are removed from the machine or
equipment.
Application of control. The established procedures for the application of energy control shall
cover the following elements and actions and shall be done in the following sequence:
Preparation for shutdown. Before an authorized or affected employee turns off a machine or
equipment, the authorized employee shall have knowledge of the type and magnitude of the
energy, the hazards of the energy to be controlled, and the method or means to control the
energy.
Machineorequipmentshutdown.Themachineorequipmentshallbeturnedofforshutdown
usingtheproceduresestablishedforthemachineorequipment.Anorderlyshutdownmustbe
utilizedtoavoidanyadditionalorincreasedhazardtoemployeesasaresultoftheequipment
stoppage.
Machine or equipment isolation. All energy isolating devices that are needed to control the
energytothemachineorequipmentshallbephysicallylocatedandoperatedinsuchamanner
astoisolatethemachineorequipmentfromtheenergysource.
Lockoutortagoutdeviceapplication.Lockoutortagoutdevicesshallbeaffixedtoeachenergy
isolating device by authorized employees. Lockout devices, where used, shall be affixed in a
mannertothatwillholdtheenergyisolangdevicesinasafe oro posion.
Tagout devices, where used, shall be affixed in such a manner as will clearly indicate that the
operation or movement of energy isolating devices from the safe or o posion is
prohibited. Where tagout devices are used with energy isolating devices designed with the
capabilityofbeinglocked,thetagattachmentshallbefastenedatthesamepointatwhichthe
lockwouldhavebeenattached.
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Whereatagcannotbeaffixeddirectlytotheenergyisolatingdevice,thetagshallbelocatedas
closeassafelypossibletothedevice,inapositionthatwillbeimmediatelyobvioustoanyone
attemptingtooperatethedevice.
Stored energy. The application of lockout or tagout devices to energy isolating devices, all
potentiallyhazardousstoredorresidualenergyshallberelieved,disconnected,restrained,and
otherwise rendered safe. If there is a possibility of reaccumulation of stored energy to a
hazardouslevel,verificationofisolationshallbecontinueduntiltheservicingormaintenanceis
completed,oruntilthepossibilityofsuchaccumulationnolongerexists.
Verification of isolation. Prior to starting work on machines or equipment that have been
locked out or tagged out, the authorized employee shall verify that isolation and de
energizationofthemachineorequipmenthavebeenaccomplished.
Release from lockout or tagout. Before lockout or tagout devices are removed and energy is
restored to the machine or equipment, procedures shall be followed and actions taken by the
authorizedemployeetoensurethefollowing:
The machine or equipment. The work area shall be inspected to ensure that nonessential
items have been removed and to ensure that machine or equipment components are
operationallyintact.
Employees.
The work area shall be checked to ensure that all employees have been safely positioned or
removed.
After lockout or tagout devices have been removed and before a machine or equipment is
started, affected employees shall be notified that the lockout or tagout device have been
removed.
Lockoutortagoutdevicesremoval.Eachlockoutortagoutdeviceshallberemovedfromeach
energyisolatingdevicebytheemployeewhoappliedthedevice.
Exception to paragraph : When the authorized employee who applied the lockout or tagout
device is not available to remove it, that device may be removed under the direction of the
employer,providedthatspecificproceduresandtrainingforsuchremovalhavebeendeveloped,
documentedandincorporatedintotheemployer'senergycontrolprogram.
The employer shall demonstrate that the specific procedure provides equivalent safety to the
removalofthedevicebytheauthorizedemployeewhoappliedit.Thespecificprocedureshall
includeatleastthefollowingelements:
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Verificationbytheemployerthattheauthorizedemployeewhoappliedthedeviceisnotatthe
facility;
Making all reasonable efforts to contact the authorized employee to inform him/her that
his/herlockoutortagoutdevicehasbeenremoved;and
Ensuringthattheauthorizedemployeehasthisknowledgebeforehe/sheresumesworkatthat
facility.
Additional requirements. Testing or positioning of machines, equipment or components
thereof.Insituationsinwhichlockoutortagoutdevicesmustbetemporarilyremovedfromthe
energy isolating device and the machine or equipment energized to test or position the
machine, equipment or component thereof, the following sequence of actions shall be
followed:
1. Clearthemachineorequipmentoftoolsandmaterialsinaccordancewithparagraphof
thissection;
2. Removeemployeesfromthemachineorequipmentareainaccordancewithparagraph
ofthissection;
3. Remove the lockout or tagout devices as specified in paragraph of this section;
Energizeandproceedwithtestingorpositioning;
4. Deenergize all systems and reapply energy control measures in accordance with
paragraphofthissectiontocontinuetheservicingand/ormaintenance.
Outside personnel . Whenever outside servicing personnel are to be engaged in activities
covered by the scope and application of this standard, the onsite employer and the outside
employershallinformeachotheroftheirrespectivelockoutortagoutprocedures.
The onsite employer shall ensure that his/her employees understand and comply with the
restrictionsandprohibitionsoftheoutsideemployer'senergycontrolprogram.
Group lockout or tagout. When servicing and/or maintenance is performed by a crew, craft,
department or other group, they shall utilize a procedurewhich affords the employees a level
of protection equivalent to that provided by the implementation of a personal lockout or
tagout device. Group lockout or tagout devices shall be used in accordance with the
proceduresrequiredbyparagraphofthissectionincluding,butnotnecessarilylimitedto,the
followingspecificrequirements:
Primary responsibility is vested in an authorized employee for a set number of employees
workingundertheprotectionofagrouplockoutortagoutdevice;Provisionfortheauthorized
employee to ascertain the exposure status of individual group members with regard to the
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lockout or tagout of the machine or equipment and When more than one crew, craft,
department, etc. is involved, assignment of overall jobassociated lockout or tagout control
responsibility to an authorized employee designated to coordinate affected work forces and
ensurecontinuityofprotection;andEachauthorizedemployeeshallaffixapersonallockoutor
tagoutdevicetothegrouplockoutdevice,grouplockbox,orcomparablemechanismwhenhe
or she begins work, and shall remove those devices when he or she stops working on the
machineorequipmentbeingservicedormaintained.
Shift or personnel changes. Specific procedures shall be utilized during shift or personnel
changes to ensure the continuity of lockout or tagout protection, including provision for the
orderly transfer of lockout or tagout device protection between offgoing and oncoming
employees, to minimize exposure to hazards from the unexpected energization or startup of
themachineorequipment,orthereleaseofstoredenergy.
DefinitionofTermsforControlofHazardousEnergy
Affected employee. An employee whose job requires him/her to operate or use a machine or
equipment on which servicing or maintenance is being performed under lockout or tagout, or
whosejobrequireshim/hertoworkinanareainwhichsuchservicingormaintenanceisbeing
performed.
Authorized employee. A person who locks out or tags out machines or equipment in order to
perform servicing or maintenance on that machine or equipment. An affected employee
becomesanauthorizedemployeewhenthatemployee'sdutiesincludeperformingservicingor
maintenancecoveredunderthissection.
Capableofbeinglockedout.Anenergyisolatingdeviceiscapableofbeinglockedoutifithasa
hasporothermeansofattachmenttowhich,orthroughwhich,alockcanbeaffixed,orithasa
lockingmechanismbuiltintoit.Otherenergyisolatingdevicesarecapableofbeinglockedout,
if lockout can be achieved without the need to dismantle, rebuild, or replace the energy
isolatingdeviceorpermanentlyalteritsenergycontrolcapability.
Energized.Connectedtoanenergysourceorcontainingresidualorstoredenergy.
Energy isolating device. A mechanical device that physically prevents the transmission or
release or energy, including but not limited to the following: A manually operated electrical
circuit breaker; a disconnect switch; a manuallyoperated switch by which the conductors of a
circuit can be disconnected from all ungrounded supply conductors, and, in addition, no pole
can be operated independently; a line valve; a block; and any similar device used to block or
isolate energy. Push buttons, selector switches and other control circuit type devices are not
energyisolatingdevices.
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Energysource.Anysourceofelectrical,mechanical,hydraulic,pneumatic,chemical,thermal,or
otherenergy.
Hot tap. A procedure used in the repair, maintenance and services activities which involves
welding on a piece of equipment under pressure, in order to install connections or
appurtenances. It is commonly used to replace or add sections of pipeline without the
interruptionofserviceforair,gas,water,steam,andpetrochemicaldistributionsystems.
Lockout. The placement of a lockout device on an energy isolating device, in accordance with
an established procedure, ensuring that the energy isolating device and the equipment being
controlledcannotbeoperateduntilthelockoutdeviceisremoved.
Lockoutdevice.Adevicethatutilizesapositivemeanssuchasalock,eitherkeyorcombination
type, to hold an energy isolating device in a safe position and prevent the energizing of a
machineorequipment.Includedareblankflangesandboltedslipblinds.
Normal production operations. The utilization of a machine or equipment to perform its
intendedproductionfunction.
Servicingand/ormaintenance.Workplaceactivitiessuchasconstructing,installing,settingup,
adjusting, inspecting, modifying, and maintaining and/or servicing machines or equipment.
These activities include lubrication, cleaning or unjamming of machines or equipment and
making adjustments or tool changes, where theemployeemay be exposed to theunexpected
energizationorstartupoftheequipmentorreleaseofhazardousenergy.
Setting up. Any work performed to prepare a machine or equipment to perform its normal
productionoperation.
Tagout.Theplacementofatagoutdeviceonanenergyisolatingdevice,inaccordancewithan
established procedure, to indicate that the energy isolating device and the equipment being
controlledmaynotbeoperateduntilthetagoutdeviceisremoved.
Tagout device. A prominent warning device, such as a tag and a means of attachment, which
can be securely fastened to an energy isolating device in accordance with an established
procedure,toindicatethattheenergyisolatingdeviceandtheequipmentbeingcontrolledmay
notbeoperateduntilthetagoutdeviceisremoved.
Note: The following Appendix to 1910.147 serves as a nonmandatory guideline to assist
employers and employees in complying with the requirements of this section, as well as to
provideotherhelpfulinformation.NothingintheAppendixaddstoordetractsfromanyofthe
requirementsofthissection.
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205 APPENDIX A TYPICAL MINIMAL LOCKOUT PROCEDURE
The following simple lockout procedure is provided to assist employers in developing their
proceduressotheymeettherequirementsofthisstandard.Whentheenergyisolatingdevices
are not lockable, tagout may be used, provided the employer complies with the provisions of
the standard which require additional training and more rigorous periodic inspections. When
tagout is used and the energy isolating devices are lockable, the employer must provide full
employee protection ) and additional training and more rigorous periodic inspections are
required. For more complex systems, more comprehensive procedures may need to be
developed,documentedandutilized.
LockoutProcedurePurpose
This procedure establishes the minimum requirements for the lockout of energy isolating
deviceswhenevermaintenanceorservicingisdoneonmachinesorequipment.Itshallbeused
to ensure that the machine or equipment is stopped, isolated from all potentially hazardous
energysourcesandlockedoutbeforeemployeesperformanyservicingormaintenancewhere
the unexpected energization or startup of the machine or equipment or release of stored
energycouldcauseinjury.
CompliancewiththisProgram
Allemployeesarerequiredtocomplywiththerestrictionsandlimitationsimposeduponthem
during the use of lockout. The authorized employees are required to perform the lockout in
accordance with this procedure. All employees, upon observing a machine or piece of
equipmentwhichislockedouttoperformservicingormaintenanceshallnotattempttostart,
energize or use that machine or equipment. Type of compliance enforcement to be taken for
violationoftheabove.
SequenceofLockout
Notify all affected employees that servicing or maintenance is required on a machine or
equipmentandthatthemachineorequipmentmustbeshutdownandlockedouttoperform
theservicingormaintenance.
Name/JobTitleofaffectedemployeesandhowtonotify.
The authorized employee shall refer to the company procedure to identify the type and
magnitudeoftheenergythatthemachineorequipmentutilizes,shallunderstandthehazards
oftheenergy,andshallknowthemethodstocontroltheenergy.
Typeandmagnitudeofenergy,itshazardsandthemethodstocontroltheenergy.
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Ifthemachineorequipmentisoperating,shutitdownbythenormalstoppingprocedure.
Typeandlocationofmachineorequipmentoperatingcontrols.
Deactivate the energy isolating device so that the machine or equipment is isolated from the
energysource.
Typeandlocationofenergyisolatingdevices.
Lockouttheenergyisolatingdevicewithassignedindividuallock.
Stored or residual energy must be dissipated or restrained by methods such as grounding,
repositioning,blocking,bleedingdown,etc.
Typeofstoredenergymethodstodissipateorrestrain.
Ensure that the equipment is disconnected from the energy source by first checking that no
personnelareexposed,thenverifytheisolationoftheequipmentbyoperatingthepushbutton
orothernormaloperatingcontrolorbytestingtomakecertaintheequipmentwillnotoperate.
Caution: Return operang control to neutral or o posion aer verifying the isolaon of
theequipment.
Methodofverifyingtheisolationoftheequipment.
Themachineorequipmentisnowlockedout.
RESTORINGEQUIPMENTTOSERVICE.Whentheservicingormaintenanceiscompletedandthe
machine or equipment is ready to return to normal operating condition, the following steps
shallbetaken:
Check the machine or equipment and the immediate area around the equipment to ensure
that nonessential items have been removedand that themachine orequipmentcomponents
areoperationallyintact.
Check the work area to ensure that all employees have been safely positioned or removed
fromthearea.
Verifythatthecontrolsareinneutral.
Removethelockoutdevicesandreenergizethemachineorequipment.
Note:Theremovalofsomeformsofblockingmayrequirereenergizationofthemachinebefore
saferemoval.
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Notifyaffectedemployeesthattheservicingormaintenanceiscompletedandthemachineor
equipmentisreadyforuse.

306
21.0 Occupational Noise Exposure
TOPPS Well Service, Inc. Safety Policy for the prevention of employee exposure to hazardous
levelsofnoiseisadoptedfromthefollowingOSHAregulations:
1910.95OccupationalNoiseExposure
TOPPSWellService,Inc.hasimplementedthisPolicytoensurethatnoemployeeisexposedto
noise levels in excess of the action levels as listed in the following regulations. The Safety
Personnelisthedesignatedsupervisorforensuringthefollowingengineeringcontrolsandwork
practiceswillbeenforced:
1. Uponinitialhiring,allemployeeswhoareexposedtoactionlevelnoisewillbetrainedin
thehazardspresentedbyexcessivenoiselevelsintheworkplace,andtheuseandcare
ofhearingprotectiondevices.
2. Trainingwillberepeatedannuallyforeachemployeeandupdatedtoreflectchangesin
personalprotectiveequipmentandworkprocessesorrequirements.
3. The Safety Personnel will make copies of the noise exposure procedures available to
affectedemployeesandwillalsopostacopyintheworkplaceandallowOSHAaccessto
records.
Hearing protectors are available upon request from The Safety Personnel at no cost to all
employees exposed to an 8hr. timeweighted average of 85 decibels. Hearing protection will
bereplacedasnecessary.Eachemployeewillbeproperlytrainedintheuse,care,andfittingof
hearing protectors. The Safety Personnel will ensure that hearing protectors are worn.
Employees will be given the opportunity to select their hearing protectors from a variety of
suitablehearingprotectors.
TOPPSWellService,Inc.willprovideacontinuingeffectivehearingconservationprogramwhen
employees are exposed to sound levels greater than 85 dBs on an 8 hour timeweighted
averagebasis.
Wheninformationindicatesthatemployeeexposuremayequal/exceedthe8hrtimeweighted
avg. of 85 decibels, The Safety Personnel will implement a monitoring program to identify
employeestobeincludedinthehearingconservationprogram.
Employeeswillberequiredtowearhearingprotectioninworkareaswheneveremployeenoise
exposures equal or exceed an 8hour timeweighted average sound level of 85 decibels
measuredontheAscaleor,equivalently,adoseoffiftypercent.
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The Safety Personnel will maintain an audiometric testing program by making audiometric
testingavailabletoallemployeeswhoseexposuresequalorexceedan8hr.timeweightedavg.
85decibels.Theprogramisprovidedatnocosttoemployees.
Audio monitoring will be implemented if it is believed noise levels in work areas are
approaching or exceed action level limits. If monitoring results indicate exposures equaling or
exceedingsafelimits,anemployeewillbeincludedinahearingconservationprogram.
Within 6 months of an employee's first exposure at or above the action level, TOPPS Well
Service,Inc.shallestablishavalidbaselineaudiogramagainstwhichfutureaudiogramscanbe
compared.Whenamobilevanisused,thebaselineshallbeestablishedwithin1yr.
Testing to establish a baseline audiogram will be preceded by at least 14 hours without
exposure to workplace noise. Hearing protection may be used to meet the requirement.
Employeeswillalsobenotifiedtoavoidhighlevelsofnoise.
Atleastannuallyafterobtainingthebaselineaudiogram,TheSafetyPersonnelwillobtainanew
audiogram for each employee exposed at or above an 8hour timeweighted average of 85
decibels. Each employee's annual audiogram shall be compared to that employee's baseline
audiogramtodetermineiftheaudiogramisvalidandifastandardthresholdshifthasoccurred.
If a comparison of the annual audiogram to the baseline audiogram indicates a standard
threshold shift, the employee shall be informed of this fact in writing, within 21 days of the
determination.
If a standard threshold shift occurs, use of hearing protection shall be reevaluated and/or
refitted and if necessary a medical evaluation may be required. The following procedures will
beimplemented:
Employees not using hearing protectors will be fitted with hearing protectors, trained in their
useandcare,andrequiredtousethem.
Employeesalreadyusinghearingprotectorswillberefittedandretrainedintheuseofhearing
protectorsandprovidedwithhearingprotectorsofferinggreaterattenuationifnecessary.
Employeeswillbereferredforaclinicalaudiologicalevaluationoranotologicalexamination,as
appropriate, if additional testing is necessary or if it is suspected that a medical pathology of
theeariscausedoraggravatedbythewearingofhearingprotectors.
Employeeswillbeinformedoftheneedforanotologicalexaminationifamedicalpathologyof
theearthatisunrelatedtotheuseofhearingprotectorsissuspected.
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Audiometric evaluation and testing conducted by a licensed physician using the guidelines
contained in 1910.95 , and is available to all employees whose work requirements equals or
exceeds an 8 hr. timeweighted average 85 decibels on a regular basis at no cost to the
employee. Hearing protection is available at no cost to all employees upon request from the
jobsiteforemanorcompanyoffice.
The Safety Personnel will evaluate hearing protection for the specific noise environments in
whichtheprotectorwillbeused.
An accurate record of all audio testing and monitoring will be kept at the company office and
maintainedasrequired.Evaluationswillbedoneforsuitablehearingprotectionfromthenoise
levels encountered in the workplace. These records, as well as information on these OSHA
regulationsandappendiceswillbeavailabletoemployeesuponrequest.
Hearing protection is available at no cost to all employees upon request from the jobsite
foremanorcompanyoffice.
211 1910.95 Occupational Noise Exposure
Protectionagainsttheeffectsofnoiseexposureshallbeprovidedwhenthesoundlevelsexceed
those shown in Table G16 when measured on the A scale of a standard sound level meter at
slow response. When noise levels are determined by octave band analysis, the equivalent A
weightedsoundlevelmaybedeterminedasfollows:
Equivalent sound level contours. Octave band sound pressure levels may be converted to the
equivalent A weighted sound level by plotting them on this graph and noting the Aweighted
sound level corresponding to the point of highest penetration into the sound level contours.
This equivalent Aweighted sound level, which may differ from the actual Aweighted sound
levelofthenoise,isusedtodetermineexposurelimitsfromTable
When employees are subjected to sound exceeding those listed in Table G16, feasible
administrative or engineering controls shall be utilized. If such controls fail to reduce sound
levels within the levels of Table G16, personal protective equipment shall be provided and
usedtoreducesoundlevelswithinthelevelsofthetable.
If the variations in noise level involve maxima at intervals of 1 second or less, it is to be
consideredcontinuous.
Hearingconservationprogram.
The employer shall administer a continuing, effective hearing conservation program, as
describedinparagraphsthroughofthissection,wheneveremployeenoiseexposuresequalor
exceedan
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8hour timeweighted average sound level of 85 decibels measured on the A scale or,
equivalently, a dose of fifty percent. For purposes of the hearing conservation program,
employeenoiseexposuresshallbecomputedinaccordancewithAppendixAandTableG16a,
andwithoutregardtoanyattenuationprovidedbytheuseofpersonalprotectiveequipment.
For purposes of paragraphs through of this section, an 8hour timeweighted average of 85
decibelsoradoseoffiftypercentshallalsobereferredtoastheactionlevel.
Monitoring.
When information indicates that any employee's exposure may equal or exceed an 8hour
timeweightedaverageof85decibels,theemployershalldevelopandimplementamonitoring
program.
The sampling strategy shall be designed to identify employees for inclusion in the hearing
conservationprogramandtoenabletheproperselectionofhearingprotectors.
Where circumstances such as high worker mobility, significant variations in sound level, or a
significant component of impulse noise make area monitoring generally inappropriate, the
employer shall use representative personal sampling to comply with the monitoring
requirements of this paragraph unless the employer can show that area sampling produces
equivalentresults.
All continuous, intermittent and impulsive sound levels from 80 decibels to 130 decibels shall
beintegratedintothenoisemeasurements.
Instruments used to measure employee noise exposure shall be calibrated to ensure
measurementaccuracy.
Monitoringshallberepeatedwheneverachangeinproduction,process,equipmentorcontrols
increasesnoiseexposurestotheextentthat:
Additionalemployeesmaybeexposedatorabovetheactionlevel;or
The attenuation provided by hearing protectors being used by employees may be rendered
inadequatetomeettherequirementsofparagraphofthissection.
Employeenotification.Theemployershallnotifyeachemployeeexposedatorabovean8hour
timeweightedaverageof85decibelsoftheresultsofthemonitoring.
Observation of monitoring. The employer shall provide affected employees or their
representatives with an opportunity to observe any noise measurements conducted pursuant
to this section. Audiometric testing program. The employer shall establish and maintain an
310
audiometric testing program as provided in this paragraph by making audiometric testing
availabletoallemployeeswhoseexposuresequalorexceedan8hourtimeweightedaverage
of85decibels.Theprogramshallbeprovidedatnocosttoemployees.
All audiograms obtained pursuant to this section shall meet the requirements of Appendix C:
AudiometricMeasuringInstruments.
Baseline audiogram. Within 6 months of an employee's first exposure at or above the action
level, the employer shall establish a valid baseline audiogram against which subsequent
audiogramscanbecompared.
Mobile test van exception. Where mobile test vans are used to meet the audiometric testing
obligation, the employer shall obtain a valid baseline audiogram within one year of an
employeesfirstexposureatorabovetheactionlevel,employeesshallwearhearingprotectors
for any period exceeding six months after first exposure until the baseline audiogram is
obtained.
Testing to establish a baseline audiogram shall be preceded by at least 14 hours without
exposure to workplace noise. Hearing protectors may be used as a substitute for the
requirementthatbaselineaudiogramsbeprecededby14hourswithoutexposuretoworkplace
noise.
Theemployershallnotifyemployeesoftheneedtoavoidhighlevelsofnonoccupationalnoise
exposureduringthe14hourperiodimmediatelyprecedingtheaudiometricexamination.
Annualaudiogram.Atleastannuallyafterobtainingthebaselineaudiogram,theemployershall
obtain a new audiogram for each employee exposed at or above an 8hour timeweighted
averageof85decibels.
Evaluation of audiogram. Each employee's annual audiogram shall be compared to that
employee's baseline audiogram to determine if the audiogram is valid and if a standard
threshold shift as defined in paragraph of this section has occurred. This comparison may be
donebyatechnician.
If the annual audiogram shows that an employee has suffered a standard threshold shift, the
employer may obtain a retest within 30 days and consider the results of the retest as the
annualaudiogram.
The audiologist, otolaryngologist, or physician shall review problem audiograms and shall
determine whether there is a need for further evaluation. The employer shall provide to the
personperformingthisevaluationthefollowinginformation:
311
Acopyoftherequirementsforhearingconservationassetforthinparagraphsthroughofthis
section;
Thebaselineaudiogramandmostrecentaudiogramoftheemployeetobeevaluated;
Measurementsofbackgroundsoundpressurelevelsintheaudiometrictestroomasrequiredin
AppendixD:AudiometricTestRooms.
Recordsofaudiometercalibrationsrequiredbyparagraphofthissection.
Followupprocedures.
If a comparison of the annual audiogram to the baseline audiogram indicates a standard
threshold shift as defined in paragraph of this section has occurred, the employee shall be
informedofthisfactinwriting,within21daysofthedetermination.
Unless a physician determines that the standard threshold shift is not work related or
aggravatedbyoccupationalnoiseexposure,theemployershallensurethatthefollowingsteps
aretakenwhenastandardthresholdshiftoccurs:Employeesnotusinghearingprotectorsshall
be fitted with hearing protectors, trained in their use and care, and required to use them.
Employeesalreadyusinghearingprotectorsshallberefittedandretrainedintheuseofhearing
protectorsandprovidedwithhearingprotectorsofferinggreaterattenuationifnecessary.The
employeeshallbereferredforaclinicalaudiologicalevaluationoranontologicalexamination,
as appropriate, if additional testing is necessary or if the employer suspects that a medical
pathology of the ear is caused or aggravated by the wearing of hearing protectors. The
employeeisinformedoftheneedforanontologicalexaminationifamedicalpathologyofthe
ear that is unrelated to the use of hearing protectors is suspected. If subsequent audiometric
testing of an employee whose exposure to noise is less than an 8hour TWA of 90 decibels
indicates that a standard threshold shift is not persistent, the employer: Shall inform the
employee of the new audiometric interpretation; and May discontinue the required use of
hearingprotectorsforthatemployee.
Revised baseline. An annual audiogram may be substituted for the baseline audiogram when,
in the judgment of the audiologist, otolaryngologist or physician who is evaluating the
audiogram: The standard threshold shift revealed by the audiogram is persistent; or The
hearing threshold shown in the annual audiogram indicates significant improvement over the
baselineaudiogram.
Asusedinthissection,astandardthresholdshiftisachangeinhearingthresholdrelativetothe
baselineaudiogramofanaverageof10dBormoreat2000,3000,and4000Hzineitherear.
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In determining whether a standard threshold shift has occurred, allowance may be made for
the contribution of aging to the change in hearing level by correcting the annual audiogram
according to the procedure described in appendix F: Calculation and Application of Age
CorrectiontoAudiograms.
Recordkeeping.Exposuremeasurements.Theemployershallmaintainanaccuraterecordofall
employeeexposuremeasurementsrequiredbyparagraphofthissection.
Audiometric tests. The employer shall retain all employee audiometric test records obtained
pursuanttoparagraphofthissection:Thisrecordshallinclude:Nameandjobclassificationof
the employee; Date of the audiogram; The examiner's name; Date of the last acoustic or
exhaustive calibration of the audiometer; and Employee's most recent noise exposure
assessment. The employer shall maintain accurate records of the measurements of the
backgroundsoundpressurelevelsinaudiometrictestrooms.
Recordretention.Theemployershallretainrecordsrequiredinthisparagraphforatleastthe
followingperiods.
Noiseexposuremeasurementrecordsshallberetainedfortwoyears.
Audiometric test records shall be retained for the duration of the affected employee's
employment.
Access to records. All records required by this section shall be provided upon request to
employees,formeremployees,representativesdesignatedbytheindividualemployee,andthe
Assistant Secretary. The provisions of 29 CFR 1910.20 and apply to access to records under
thissection.
Transfer of records. If the employer ceases to do business, the employer shall transfer to the
successor employer all records required to be maintained by this section, and the successor
employer shall retain them for the remainder of the period prescribed in paragraph of this
section.
212 APPENDIX A to 1910.95 Noise Exposure Computation
ThisAppendixisMandatory
I.ComputationofEmployeeNoiseExposure.
NoisedoseiscomputedusingTableG16aasfollows:
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Whenthesoundlevel,L,isconstantovertheentireworkshift,thenoisedose,D,inpercent,is
given by: D = 100 C/T where C is the total length of the work day, in hours, and T is the
referencedurationcorrespondingtothemeasuredsoundlevel,L,asgiveninTableG16aorby
theformulashownasafootnotetothattable.
When the workshift noise exposure is composed of two or more periods of noise at different
levels,thetotalnoisedoseovertheworkdayisgivenby:D=100,
where Cn indicates the total time of exposure at a specific noise level, and Tn indicates the
referencedurationforthatlevelasgivenbyTableG16a.
The eighthour timeweighted average sound level , in decibels, may be computed from the
dose,inpercent,bymeansoftheformula:TWA=16.61log10+90.Foraneighthourworkshift
with the noise level constant over the entire shift, the TWA is equal to the measured sound
level.
Compliance with paragraphs of this regulation is determined by the amount of exposure to
noise in the workplace. The amount of such exposure is usually measured with an audio
dosimeter which gives a readout in terms of "dose." In order to better understand the
requirements of the amendment, dosimeter readings can be converted to an "8hour time
weightedaveragesoundlevel.".
In order to convert the reading of a dosimeter into TWA, see Table A1, below. This table
applies to dosimeters that are set by the manufacturer to calculate dose or percent exposure
according to the relationships in Table G16a. So, for example, a dose of 91 percent over an
eighthourdayresultsinaTWAof89.3dB,and,adoseof50percentcorrespondstoaTWAof
85dB.
IfthedoseasreadonthedosimeterislessthanorgreaterthanthevaluesfoundinTableA1,
theTWAmaybecalculatedbyusingtheformula:TWA=16.61log10+90whereTWA=8hour
timeweightedaveragesoundlevelandD=accumulateddoseinpercentexposure.
213 APPENDIX B to 1910.95
Methods for Estimating the Adequacy of Hearing Protector Attenuation This Appendix is
Mandatory
For employees who have experienced a significant threshold shift, hearing protector
attenuation must be sufficient to reduce employee exposure to a TWA of 85 dB. Employers
must select one of the following methods by which to estimate the adequacy of hearing
protectorattenuation.
314
The most convenient method is the Noise Reduction Rating developed by the Environmental
Protection Agency . According to EPA regulation, the NRR must be shown on the hearing
protector package. The NRR is then related to an individual worker's noise environment in
order to assess the adequacy of the attenuation of a given hearing protector. This Appendix
describes four methods of using the NRR to determine whether a particular hearing protector
provides adequate protection within a given exposure environment. Selection among the four
proceduresisdependentupontheemployer'snoisemeasuringinstruments.
Instead of using the NRR, employers may evaluate the adequacy of hearing protector
attenuation by using one of the three methods developed by the National Institute for
OccupationalSafetyandHealth,whicharedescribedinthe"ListofPersonalHearingProtectors
and Attenuation Data," HEW Publication No. 76120, 1975, pages 2137. These methods are
knownasNIOSHmethods#1,#2and#3.TheNRRdescribedbelowisasimplificationofNIOSH
method #2. The most complex method is NIOSH method #1, which is probably the most
accurate method since it uses the largest amount of spectral information from the individual
employee'snoiseenvironment.AsinthecaseoftheNRRmethoddescribedbelow,ifoneofthe
NIOSH methods is used, the selected method must be applied to an individual's noise
environmenttoassesstheadequacyoftheattenuation.Employersshouldbecarefultotakea
sufficientnumberofmeasurementsinorderto achievearepresentativesamplefor eachtime
segment.
NOTE: The employer must remember that calculated attenuation values reflect realistic values
only to the extent that the protectors are properly fitted and worn. When using the NRR to
assesshearingprotectoradequacy,oneofthefollowingmethodsmustbeused:

315
GeneralRequirements
TOPPSWellService,Inc.hasadoptedthisprogramforPersonalProtectiveEquipmentfromthe
1910.132PersonalProtectiveEquipment
TOPPS Well Service, Inc. has implemented this safety program to ensure the protection of
personnelfromhazardsonthejobwhichmaybesafeguardedagainstbytheproperuseofPPE.
TheSafetyPersonnelisthesupervisorresponsibleforensuringthefollowingworkpracticesare
enforced:
TheSafetyPersonnelwillensurethatallemployeesareproperlytrainedintherecognitionand
assessment of hazards and hazardous situations, the proper selection and use of PPE
equipmentrequiredforthehazardandmethodstoavoid,prevent,orabatesuchhazards.
PPE training will include: When PPE is necessary; what PPE is necessary; how to properly on,
off,adjust,andwearPPE;thelimitationsofPPE;thepropercare,maintenance,usefullifeand
disposalofPPE.
Retraining of employees is required when the workplace changes, making the earlier training
obsolete;thetypePPEchanges;orwhentheemployeedemonstrateslackofuse,improperuse,
orinsufficientskillorunderstanding.
Employees will be trained on initial hiring to use, maintain, clean and disinfect, store, and
service PPE properly. Employees will receive refresher training on PPE at least annually, or as
work requirements, changing job assignments, changing equipment, or environment warrants
it.AnyemployeewhodemonstratesalackofknowledgeorunderstandingofanyaspectofPPE
use or maintenance will be retrained. An employee must verify his/her understanding of
trainingcontentasaconditionofemployment.
Alltrainingwillbedocumentedandwillincludetheemployeename,thedatesoftraining,and
thecertificationsubject.
The Safety Personnel will do a hazard assessment of each jobsite prior to commencement of
worktoascertainifhazardsarepresentorlikelytobeencountered,whatengineeringcontrols
may be implemented to minimize hazards, and what PPE is necessary for the performance of
the job. The hazard assessment will include the certifier's name, signature, date, and
identification of assessment documents. Affected employees will be notified of hazards,
engineeringcontrolsneeded,andPPErequired.
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PPE will be provided for all work required by TOPPS Well Service, Inc. and employees are
requiredbycompanypolicytouseonlypropercompanyPPEatalltimeswhenrequiredonthe
job or on company property. Failure to use PPE will result in disciplinary action against the
violatingemployee.
TheSafetyPersonnelwillensurethatifemployeeownedPPEisused,itwillbeadequateforthe
application,properlymaintained,andkeptinsanitarycondition.
PPE will be issued and fitted to each affected employee individually. Employees must
demonstrateproficiencyindonninganddoffingequipment,andpropertechniquesofcleaning
andmaintainingtheirrespectiveequipment.
Defective or damaged PPE will NOT be used. Defective or damaged PPE will be immediately
tagged OUT OF SERVICE , removed from service, and replaced with serviceable equipment.
PPEwillbeinspectedbytheindividualemployeeatthebeginningofeachworkshift.
PPE must be used, stored, and maintained in a sanitary condition. All PPE must be cleaned
and/ordisinfectedandstoredaccordingtomanufacturersrecommendations.
221 1910.132 GENERAL PPE REQUIREMENTS.
Application. Protective equipment, including personal protective equipment for eyes, face,
head, and extremities, protective clothing, respiratory devices, and protective shields and
barriers,shallbeprovided,used,andmaintainedinasanitaryandreliableconditionwherever
itisnecessarybyreasonofhazardsofprocessesorenvironment,chemicalhazards,radiological
hazards, or mechanical irritants encountered in a manner capable of causing injury or
impairment in the function of any part of the body through absorption, inhalation or physical
contact. Employeeowned equipment. Where employees provide their own protective
equipment, the employer shall be responsible to assure its adequacy, including proper
maintenance,andsanitationofsuchequipment.
Design.AllPPEshallbeofsafedesignandconstructionfortheworktobeperformed.
NOTE: This paragraph applies only to eye and face, head, foot, and hand protection. See
1910.132. Hazard assessment and equipment selection. The employer shall assess the
workplacetodetermineifhazardsarepresent,orarelikelytobepresent,whichnecessitatethe
use of personal protective equipment . If such hazards are present, or likely to be present, the
employershall:Select,andhaveeachaffectedemployeeuse,thetypesofPPEthatwillprotect
the affected employee from the hazards identified in the hazard assessment; Communicate
selection decisions toeach affectedemployee; and, Select PPE that properly fitseach affected
317
employee. NOTE: Nonmandatory Appendix B contains an example of procedures that would
complywiththerequirementforahazardassessment.
Theemployershallverifythattherequiredworkplacehazardassessmenthasbeenperformed
through a written certification that identifies the workplace evaluated; the person certifying
that the evaluation has been performed; the date of the hazard assessment; and, which
identifies the document as a certification of hazard assessment. Defective and damaged
equipment.DefectiveordamagedPPEshallnotbeused.NOTE:Thisparagraph)appliesonlyto
eye and face, head, foot, and hand protection.. Training. The employer shall provide training
toeachemployeewhoisrequiredbythissectiontousePPE.
Eachsuchemployeeshallbetrainedtoknowatleastthefollowing:
1. WhenPPEisnecessary;
2. WhatPPEisnecessary;
3. Howtoproperlydon,doff,adjust,andwearPPE;
4. ThelimitationsofthePPE;and,
5. Thepropercare,maintenance,
6. UsefullifeanddisposalofthePPE.
Each affected employee shall demonstrate an understanding of the training specified in
paragraphofthissection,andtheabilitytousePPEproperly,beforebeingallowedtoperform
workrequiringtheuseofPPE.
When the employer has reason to believe that any affected employee who has already been
trained does not have the understanding and skill required by paragraph of this section, the
employershallretraineachsuchemployee.Circumstanceswhereretrainingisrequiredinclude,
but are not limited to situations where: Changes in the workplace render previous training
obsolete; or Changes in the types of PPE to be used render previous training obsolete; or
Inadequacies in an affected employee's knowledge or use of assigned PPE indicate that the
employeehasnotretainedtherequisiteunderstandingorskill.Theemployershallverifythat
each affected employee has received and understood the required training through a written
certification that contains the name of each employee trained, the date of training, and that
identifiesthesubjectofthecertification.
222 APPENDIX B TO 1910.132I
NonmandatoryComplianceGuidelinesforHazardAssessmentandPPESelection
NOTE: The Text of Appendix B was Adopted in its Entirety by Admin. Order 51994. This
appendix is intended to provide compliance assistance for employers and employees in
318
implementing requirements for a hazard assessment and the selection of personal protective
equipment.
Controlling hazards. PPE devices alone should not be relied on to provide protection against
hazards, but should be used in conjunction with guards, engineering controls, and sound
manufacturingpractices.
Assessment and selection. It is necessary to consider certain general guidelines for assessing
the foot, head, eye and face, and hand hazard situations that exist in an occupational or
educationaloperationorprocess,andtomatchtheprotectivedevicestotheparticularhazard.
It should be the responsibility of the safety officer to exercise common sense and appropriate
expertisetoaccomplishthesetasks.
Selectionguidelines.Aftercompletionoftheproceduresinparagraph3,thegeneralprocedure
for selection of protective equipment is to: a) Become familiar with the potential hazards and
the type of protective equipment that is available, and what it can do; i.e., splash protection,
impact protection, etc.; b) compare the hazards associated with the environment; i.e., impact
velocities, masses, projectile shape, radiation intensities, with the capabilities of the available
protective equipment; c) select the protective equipment which ensures a level of protection
greaterthantheminimumrequiredtoprotectemployeesfromthehazards;andd)fittheuser
withtheprotectivedeviceandgiveinstructionsoncareanduseofthePPE.Itisveryimportant
thatendusersbemadeawareofallwarninglabelsforandlimitationsoftheirPPE.
Fitting the device. Careful consideration must be given to comfort and fit. PPE that fits poorly
willnotaffordthenecessaryprotection.Continuedwearingofthedeviceismorelikelyifitfits
the wearer comfortably. Protective devices are generally available in a variety of sizes. Care
shouldbetakentoensurethattherightsizeisselected.
Devices with adjustable features. Adjustments should be made on an individual basis for a
comfortable fit that will maintain the protective device in the proper position. Particular care
shouldbetakeninfittingdevicesforeyeprotectionagainstdustandchemicalsplashtoensure
that the devices are sealed to the face. In addition, proper fitting of helmets is important to
ensure that it will not fall off during work operations. In some cases a chin strap may be
necessarytokeepthehelmetonanemployee'shead.
Wheremanufacturer'sinstructionsareavailable,theyshouldbefollowedcarefully.
Reassessmentofhazards.Itistheresponsibilityofthesafetyofficertoreassesstheworkplace
hazard situation as necessary, by identifying and evaluating new equipment and processes,
reviewingaccidentrecords,andreevaluatingthesuitabilityofpreviouslyselectedPPE.
319
Selection chart guidelines for eye and face protection. Some occupations for which eye
protection should be routinely considered are: carpenters, electricians, machinists, mechanics
and repairers, millwrights, plumbers and pipe fitters, sheet metal workers and tinsmiths,
assemblers, sanders, grinding machine operators, lathe and milling machine operators,
sawyers, welders, laborers, chemical process operators and handlers, and timber cutting and
loggingworkers.Thefollowingchartprovidesgeneralguidancefortheproperselectionofeye
and face protection to protect against hazards associated with the listed hazard source
operations.
225
EyeandFaceProtectionSelectionChart
NotestoEyeandFaceProtectionSelectionChart:
Care should be taken to recognize the possibility of multiple and simultaneous exposure to a
varietyofhazards.Adequateprotectionagainstthehighestlevelofeachofthehazardsshould
beprovided.Protectivedevicesdonotprovideunlimitedprotection.
Operations involving heat may also involve light radiation. As required by the standard,
protectionfrombothhazardsmustbeprovided.
Faceshieldsshouldonlybewornoverprimaryeyeprotection.
As required by the standard, filter lenses must meet the requirementsfor shade designations
in 1910.133. Tinted and shaded lenses are not filter lenses unless they are marked or
identifiedassuch.
Asrequiredbythestandard,personswhosevisionrequirestheuseofprescriptionlensesmust
weareitherprotectivedevicesfittedwithprescriptionlensesorprotectivedevicesdesignedto
bewornoverregularprescriptioneyewear.
320
321
Wearers of contact lenses must also wear appropriate eye and face protection devices in a
hazardous environment. It should be recognized that dusty and/or chemical environments
mightrepresentanadditionalhazardtocontactlenswearers.
Caution should be exercised in the use of metal frame protective devices in electrical hazard
areas.
Atmosphericconditionsandtherestrictedventilationoftheprotectorcancauselensestofog.
Frequentcleansingmaybenecessary.
Weldinghelmetsorfaceshieldsshouldbeusedonlyoverprimaryeyeprotection.
Nonsideshield spectacles are available for frontal protection only, but are unacceptable for
thesourcesandoperaonslistedforimpact .
Ventilationshouldbeadequate,butwellprotectedfromsplashentry.Eyeandfaceprotection
should be designed and used so that it provides both adequate ventilation and protects the
wearerfromsplashentry.
Protection from light radiation is directly related to filter lens density. See note . Select the
darkestshadethatallowstaskperformance.
Selectionguidelinesforheadprotection.
All head protection is designed to provide protection from impact and penetration hazards
caused by falling objects. Head protection is also available which provides protection from
electric shock and burn. When selecting head protection, knowledge of potential electrical
hazards is important. Class G helmets, in addition to impact and penetration resistance,
provide electrical protection from lowvoltage conductors . Class E helmets, in addition to
impact and penetration resistance, provide electrical protection from highvoltage conductors
Class C helmets provide impact and penetration resistance , and should not be used around
electrical hazards. Where falling object hazards are present, helmets must be worn. Some
examplesinclude:workingbelowotherworkerswhoareusingtoolsandmaterialswhichcould
fall; working around or under conveyor belts which are carrying parts or materials; working
below machinery or processes which might cause material or objects to fall; and working on
exposed energized conductors. Some examples of occupations for which head protection
shouldberoutinelyconsideredare:carpenters,electricians,linemen,mechanicsandrepairers,
plumbers and pipe fitters, assemblers, packers, wrappers, sawyers, welders, laborers, freight
handlers,timbercuttingandlogging,stockhandlers,andwarehouselaborers.
10. Selection guidelines for foot protection. Safety shoes and boots which meet the ANSI Z41
1991 Standard provide both impact and compression protection. Where necessary, safety
322
shoescanbeobtainedwhichprovidepunctureprotection.Insomeworksituations,metatarsal
protectionshouldbeprovided,andinotherspecialsituationselectricalconductiveorinsulating
safety shoes would be appropriate. Safety shoes or boots with impact protection would be
required for carrying or handling materials such as packages, objects, parts or heavy tools,
whichcouldbedropped;andforotheractivitieswhereobjectsmightfallontothefeet.Safety
shoesorbootswithcompressionprotectionwouldberequiredforworkactivitiesinvolvingskid
trucks around bulk rolls and around heavy pipes, all of which could potentially roll over an
employee's feet. Safety shoes or boots with puncture protection would be required where
sharp objects such as nails, wire, tacks, screws, large staples, scrap metal, etc., could be
steppedonbyemployeescausingafootinjury.
Someoccupationsfor whichfoot protectionshouldberoutinelyconsideredare:shippingand
receiving clerks, stock clerks, carpenters, electricians, machinists, mechanics and repairers,
plumbers and pipe fitters, structural metal workers, craters, punch and stamping press
operators,sawyers,welders,freighthandlers,andtimbercuttingandloggingworkers.
Selection guidelines for hand protection. Gloves are often relied upon to prevent cuts,
abrasions,burns,andskincontactwithchemicalsthatarecapableofcausinglocalorsystemic
effects following dermal exposure. OSHA is unaware of any gloves that provide protection
againstallpotentialhandhazards,andcommonlyavailableglovematerialsprovideonlylimited
protection against many chemicals. Therefore, it is important to select the most appropriate
gloveforaparticularapplicationandtodeterminehowlongitcanbeworn,andwhetheritcan
bereused.Itisalsoimportanttoknowtheperformancecharacteristicsofglovesrelativetothe
specific hazard anticipated; e.g., chemical hazards, cut hazards, flame hazards, etc. These
performance characteristics should be assessed by using standard test procedures. Before
purchasing gloves, the employer should request documentation from the manufacturer that
the gloves meet the appropriate test standard for the hazard anticipated. Other factors to be
consideredforgloveselectioningeneralinclude:
Aslongastheperformancecharacteristicsareacceptable,incertaincircumstances,itmaybe
more cost effective to regularly change cheaper gloves than to reuse more expensive types;
and,
The work activities of the employee should be studied to determine the degree of dexterity
required, the duration, frequency, and degree of exposure of the hazard, and the physical
stressesthatwillbeapplied.
Withrespecttoselectionofglovesforprotectionagainstchemicalhazards:
323
The toxic properties of the chemical must be determined; in particular, the ability of the
chemicaltocauselocaleffectsontheskinand/ortopassthroughtheskinandcausesystemic
effects;
Generally,any.chemicalresistantglovecanbeusedfordrypowders;
Formixturesandformulatedproducts,agloveshouldbeselectedonthebasisofthechemical
componentwiththeshortestbreakthroughtime,sinceitispossibleforsolventstocarryactive
ingredientsthroughpolymericmaterials;and,
Employees must be able to remove the gloves in such a manner as to prevent skin
contamination.
Cleaningandmaintenance.ItisimportantthatallPPEbekeptcleanandproperlymaintained.
Cleaning is particularly important for eye and face protection where dirty or fogged lenses
could impair vision. For the purposes of compliance with 1910.132 and , PPE should be
inspected, cleaned, and maintained at regular intervals so that the PPE provides the requisite
protection. It is also important to ensure that contaminated PPE which cannot be
decontaminatedisdisposedofinamannerthatprotectsemployeesfromexposuretohazards.

324
24.0 Respiratory Protection Program
TOPPS Well Service, Inc. has adopted this safety program for Respiratory Protection from the
1910.134RespiratoryProtection
airborne hazards in the workplace exceeding Permissible Exposure Limits , or oxygen deficient
atmospheres.TOPPSWellService,Inc.willproviderespiratorswhichareapplicableandsuitable
for the purpose intended when such equipment is necessary to protect the health of our
employees. This Respiratory Protection Program provides training, medical evaluations, and
respiratorsatnocosttoouremployees.
The Safety Personnel is the supervisor responsible for ensuring the following training,
administrativecontrols,engineeringcontrols,andsafeworkpracticesareenforced:
The Safety Personnel is the Respiratory Protection Program administrator and will be
responsible for recordkeeping and the periodic evaluation of the program. The evaluation will
bebasedonresultsoftheairqualitymonitoringprogram,medicalevaluations,changingwork
environment, equipment changes, work requirements, and employee responses. Respiratory
equipment will be NIOSH certified only, and selection will be made by The Safety Personnel,
based on identified and potential hazards, estimated exposures, and contamination
information.
In any workplace where respirators are necessary to protect the health of our employees,
TOPPS Well Service, Inc. has established and implemented this written Respiratory Protection
Program with worksitespecific procedures. This program will be updated as necessary to
reflectanychangesinworkplaceconditionsthataffectrespiratoruse.
TheRespiratoryProtectionProgramincludesthefollowingelements:
1. Proceduresforselectingrespiratorsforuseintheworkplace.
2. Medicalevaluationsofemployeesrequiredtouserespirators.
3. Fittestingproceduresfortightfittingrespirators.
4. Procedures for proper use of respirators in routine and reasonably foreseeable
emergencysituations.
5. Procedures and schedules for cleaning, disinfecting, storing, inspecting, repairing,
discarding,andotherwisemaintainingrespirators.
6. Procedures to ensure adequate air quality, quantity, and flow of breathing air for
atmospheresupplyingrespirators.
325
7. Training of employees in the respiratory hazards to which they are potentiallyexposed
duringroutineandemergencysituations.
Trainingofemployeesintheproperuseofrespirators,includingputtingonandremovingthem,
anylimitationsontheiruse,andtheirmaintenance.
Proceduresforregularlyevaluatingtheeffectivenessoftheprogram.
The Safety Personnel will ensure that effective training is provided to all employees who are
requiredtouserespirators.Thetrainingwillbecomprehensive,conductedinamannerthatis
understandabletoouremployees,andrecurannuallyormoreoftenifnecessary.Beforebeing
allowed or required to wear breathing protection, each of our employees will be able to
demonstrateknowledgeofatleastthefollowing:
1. Why the respirator is necessary and how improper fit, usage, or maintenance can
compromisetheprotectiveeffectoftherespirator.
2. Whatthelimitationsandcapabilitiesoftherespiratorare.
3. How to use the respirator effectively in emergency situations, including situations in
whichtherespiratormalfunctions.
4. Howtoinspect,putonandremove,use,andcheckthesealsoftherespirator.
5. Proceduresforcleaning,maintenance,andstorageofrespirators.
6. How to recognize medical signs and symptoms that may limit or prevent the effective
useofrespirators.
Thegeneralrequirementsof1910.134RespiratoryProtection.
Retrainingwillbeadministeredannuallyorwhenthefollowingsituationsoccur:
1. Changesintheworkplaceorthetypeofrespiratorrenderprevioustrainingobsolete.
2. Inadequacies in the employee's knowledge or use of the respirator indicate that the
employeehasnotretainedtherequisiteunderstandingorskill.
3. Any other situation arises in which retraining appears necessary to ensure safe
respiratoruse.
4. Employeeswhochoosetowearrespiratorswhennotrequiredwillbeprovidedthebasic
informationonrespiratorsinAppendixDattheendofthischapter.
5. Workplace evaluations will be conduced as necessary to ensure that the provisions of
thecurrentRespiratoryProtectionProgramarebeingeffectivelycarriedoutandthatit
continuestobeeffective.
326
Employees required to use respirators will be regularly consulted to assess their views on
program effectiveness and to identify any problems. Any problems that are identified during
thisassessmentwillbecorrected.Factorstobeassessedinclude,butarenotlimitedto:
1. Respirator fit, including the ability to use the respirator without interfering with
effectiveworkplaceperformance.
2. Appropriaterespiratorselectionforthehazardstowhichtheemployeeisexposed.
3. Properrespiratoruseundertheworkplaceconditionstheemployeeencounters.
Properrespiratormaintenance.
TheSafetyPersonnelwillensurethatallfilters,cartridgesandcanistersusedintheworkplace
are labeled and color coded with the NIOSH approval label and that the label remains legible
andisnotremoved.
Proper respiratory equipment, replacement elements, and any parts or equipment necessary
forthefunctioningoftherespiratoryequipmentwillbeavailabletoemployeesatnocost.
All respiratory protection equipment will be maintained, cleaned, stored, and serviced per
manufacturers recommendations. Job foremen will supervise and ensure propermethods are
used
Respirator selection will be based on the hazards that the worker is exposed. Only NIOSH
certifiedrespiratorswillbeprovided.Hazardevaluationisbasedontheestimateofexposures,
typeofcontaminant,physicalform,andchemicalstate.Fornoexposureestimateordata,the
exposures will be addressed as immediately Dangerous to Life & Health and NIOSHapproved
respiratorsforfullfaced,pressuredemand30minuteSCBA,orSARwithauxiliaryairsupplywill
beprovided.Respiratorbrandsandmodelswillbelistedbelow.
TOPPS Well Service, Inc. will provide each respirator user with a respirator that is clean,
sanitary, and in good working order. The Safety Personnel will ensure that respirators are
cleaned and disinfected using the procedures in Appendix B2 of 1910.134, or procedures
recommendedbytherespiratormanufacturer,providedthatsuchproceduresareofequivalent
effectiveness.Therespiratorswillbecleanedanddisinfectedatthefollowingintervals:
1. Respiratorsissuedfortheexclusiveuseofanemployeewillbecleanedanddisinfected
asoftenasnecessarytobemaintainedinasanitarycondition
2. Respirators issued to more than one employee will be cleaned and disinfected before
beingwornbydifferentindividuals
3. Respirators maintained for emergency use will be cleaned and disinfected after each
use.
327
4. Respiratorsusedinfittestingandtrainingwillbecleanedanddisinfectedaftereachuse.
TheSafetyPersonnelwillensurethatrespiratorsarestoredasfollows:
All respirators will be stored to protect them from damage, contamination, dust, sunlight,
extremetemperatures,excessivemoisture,anddamagingchemicals,andtheywillbepackedor
storedtopreventdeformationofthefacepieceandexhalationvalve.
Inadditiontotheaboverequirements,emergencyrespiratorswillbe:
1. Keptaccessibletotheworkarea.
2. Storedincompartmentsorincoversthatareclearlymarkedascontainingemergency
respirators.
3. Storedinaccordancewithanyapplicablemanufacturerinstructions.
4. TheSafetyPersonnelwillensurethatrespiratorsareinspectedasfollows:
5. All respirators used in routine situations will be inspected before each use and during
cleaning
All respirators maintained for use in emergency situations will be inspected at least monthly
and in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations, and will be checked for proper
functionbeforeandaftereachuse.
Emergency escapeonly respirators will be inspected before being carried into the workplace
foruse.
TheSafetyPersonnelwillensurethatrespiratorinspectionsincludethefollowing:
Acheckofrespiratorfunction,tightnessofconnections,andtheconditionofthevariousparts
including, but not limited to, the facepiece, head straps, valves, connecting tube, and
cartridges,canistersorfilters.
Acheckofelastomericpartsforpliabilityandsignsofdeterioration.
In addition to the requirements above, selfcontained breathing apparatus will be inspected
monthly. Air and oxygen cylinders will be maintained in a fully charged state and will be
rechargedwhenthepressurefallsto90%ofthemanufacturer'srecommendedpressurelevel.
TheSafetyPersonnelwilldeterminethattheregulatorandwarningdevicesfunctionproperly.
Forrespiratorsmaintainedforemergencyuse,TheSafetyPersonnelwill:
Certifytherespiratorbydocumentingthedatetheinspectionwasperformed,thenameofthe
personwhomadetheinspection,thefindings,requiredremedialaction,andaserialnumberor
othermeansofidentifyingtheinspectedrespirator.
328
Providethisinformationonatagorlabelthatisattachedtothestoragecompartmentforthe
respirator, is kept with the respirator, or is included in inspection reports stored as paper or
electronic files. This information will be maintained until replaced following a subsequent
certification.
TheSafetyPersonnelwillensurethatrespiratorsthatfailaninspection,orareotherwisefound
to be defective, are removed from service and are discarded, repaired, or adjusted in
accordancewiththefollowingprocedures:
Repairs or adjustments to respirators will be made only by persons appropriately trained to
performsuchoperationsandwilluseonlytherespiratormanufacturer'sNIOSHapprovedparts
designedfortherespirator.
Repairswillbemadeaccordingtothemanufacturer'srecommendationsandspecificationsfor
thetypeandextentofrepairstobeperformed.
Reducingandadmissionvalves,regulators,andalarmswillbeadjustedorrepairedonlybythe
manufactureroratechniciantrainedbythemanufacturer.
Amedicalexaminationforemployeesrequiredtouserespiratoryequipmentisrequiredbefore
use of the equipment, and will be provided at no cost to the employee. The medical
questionnaire provided in Appendix C is mandatory for employees required to use respiratory
protection.
TOPPS Well Service, Inc. will provide a medical evaluation to determine the employee's ability
to use a respirator, before the employee is fit tested or required to use the respirator in the
workplace.TOPPS WellService, Inc. may discontinue anemployee's medicalevaluations when
theemployeeisnolongerrequiredtousearespirator.
Medicalevaluationprocedureswillinclude.
TOPPS Well Service, Inc. will identify a physician or other licensed health care professional to
perform medical evaluations using a medical questionnaire or an initial medical examination
thatobtainsthesameinformationasthemedicalquestionnaire.
ThemedicalevaluationwillobtaintheinformationrequestedbythequestionnaireinSections1
and2,PartAofAppendixCof1910.134.
Followupmedicalexaminationwillinclude:
1. TOPPSWellService,Inc.willensurethatafollowupmedicalexaminationisprovidedfor
anemployeewhogivesapositiveresponsetoanyquestionamongquestions1through
329
8inSection2,PartAofAppendixCorwhoseinitialmedicalexaminationdemonstrates
theneedforafollowupmedicalexamination.
2. The followup medical examination will include any medical tests, consultations, or
diagnosticproceduresthatthePLHCPdeemsnecessarytomakeafinaldetermination.
Administrationofthemedicalquestionnaireandexaminationswillinclude:
The medical questionnaire and examinations will be administered confidentially during the
employee's normal working hours or at a time and place convenient to the employee. The
medical questionnaire will be administered in a manner that ensures that the employee
understandsitscontent.
TOPPS Well Service, Inc. will provide the employee with an opportunity to discuss the
questionnaireandexaminationresultswiththePLHCP.
The following information will be provided to the PLHCP before the PLHCP makes a
recommendationconcerninganemployee'sabilitytousearespirator:
1. Thetypeandweightoftherespiratortobeusedbytheemployee;
2. Thedurationandfrequencyofrespiratoruse;
3. Theexpectedphysicalworkeffort;
4. Additionalprotectiveclothingandequipmenttobeworn;and
5. Temperatureandhumidityextremesthatmaybeencountered.
TOPPS Well Service, Inc. will provide the PLHCP with a copy of the written respiratory
protectionprogramandacopyof1910.134.
Fit testing of the equipment to individual employees will follow OSHA guidelines listed in
1910.134andisrequiredbeforeuseoftheequipment.
TOPPS Well Service, Inc. will ensure employees pass OSHAaccepted qualitative fit test or
quantitativefittestoftightfittingfacepiecesbeforeinitialuse,ifadifferentrespiratorisused,
andannually.SARsarerequiredtobefittestedaswell..
Facialhair,glasses,etc.whichmightaffectthesealoftherespiratorfacepieceareprohibited,
andsealwillbecheckedeachtimeequipmentisdonned.
Periodicmonitoringoftheairqualityinworkareaswillbeperformedtodetermineif,orwhere
respiratoryequipmentwillberequired.
The Safety Personnel will maintain appropriate surveillance, and ensure employees leave the
areatowash,changecartridges,oriftheydetectbreakthroughorresistance.
330
If employees are required to work in Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health atmospheres,
thefollowingproceduresandcontrolswillbeinplace:
OneemployeemoreemployeeislocatedoutsidetheIDLHatmosphere.
Visual, voice, or signal line communication is maintained between the employee in the IDLH
atmosphere and the employee located outside the IDLH atmosphere. The employee located
outsidetheIDLHatmospherearetrainedandequippedtoprovideeffectiveemergencyrescue.
The Safety Personnel is notified before personnel enter the IDLH atmosphere, or before
employee located outside the IDLH atmosphere enter the IDLH atmosphere to provide
emergencyrescue.
EmployeelocatedoutsidetheIDLHatmosphereswillbeequippedwith:
1. PressuredemandorotherpositivepressureSCBA.
2. Appropriateretrievalequipmentforremovingtheemployeewhoenterthesehazardous
atmospheres
SARandSCBAequipmentwillonlybefilledbycertifiedrefillingfacilitiesusinggradeDorbetter
air. Oxygen will not be used in compressed air units and all cylinders will meet DOT
requirements.Compressorwillbelocatedina"clean"atmosphere,withinlinepurification,and
tagged to indicate date of changeout. A carbon monoxide monitor will be in place and set to
alarm at 10 PPM or monitored frequently. All line fittings will be incompatible for non
respirablegasesandcontainers.
Wherepossible,ventilationwillberequiredforallenclosedworkareastoensurethatairborne
hazardsdonotexceedpermissiblelimits.
Theleasthazardousortoxicmaterialswhichwillallowthejobrequiredtobeaccomplishedwill
beusedintheperformanceofwork.
TOPPS Well Service, Inc. will maintain written records and information regarding medical
evaluations, fit testing, and the Respiratory Protection Program. These records will promote
employee involvement in the respirator program, assist in auditing the adequacy of the
program, and provide a record for OSHA compliance. Records will retained at the main office
and be made available upon request to affected employees and to OSHA. Written records
includethefollowing:
Required medical evaluations will be retained and made available in accordance with
1910.1020.
Qualitativeandquantitativefittestsadministeredtoanemployeeincluding:
331
1. Thenameoridentificationoftheemployeetested.
2. Typeoffittestperformed.
3. Specificmake,model,style,andsizeofrespiratortested.
4. Dateoftest.
5. Thepass/failresultsforqualitativefittestsorthefitfactorandstripchartrecordingor
otherrecordingofthetestresultsforquantitativefittests.
Fittestrecordswillberetainedforrespiratorusersuntilthenextfittestisadministered.
.

332
EmployeeAcknowledgment
Bymysignaturebelow,IacknowledgethatIhavereceivedinstructionandhavereadtheTOPPS
Well Service, Inc. Respiratory Protection Program. I have been given the opportunity to ask
questions and have received answers, instruction, and clarification to my questions. I
understand the contents of and agree to follow TOPPS Well Service, Inc. company policy
regardingthisRespiratoryProtectionProgram.
RespiratoryProtectionProgramreceivedon____________________,20___
______________________________________________
PrintedNameofEmployee
____________________________________________________________
SignatureofEmployeeDate
______________________________________________
SocialSecurityNumber
______________________________________________
PrintedNameofTrainer
____________________________________________________________
cc:Employeefile
Respirators are an effective method of protection against designated hazards when properly
selectedandworn.Respiratoruseisencouraged,evenwhenexposuresarebelowtheexposure
limit, to provide an additional level of comfort and protection for workers. However, if a
respiratorisusedimproperlyornotkeptclean,therespiratoritselfcanbecomeahazardtothe
worker. Sometimes, workers may wear respirators to avoid exposures to hazards, even if the
amount of hazardous substance does not exceed the limits set by OSHA standards. If your
employerprovidesrespiratorsforyourvoluntaryuse,ofifyouprovideyourownrespirator,you
needtotakecertainprecautionstobesurethattherespiratoritselfdoesnotpresentahazard.
333
WhenNotRequiredUnder29CFR1910.134
To the employer: The statement below must be read by all employees using respirators not
requiredundertheRespiratoryProtectionStandard
Totheemployee:Canyouread?
Yes
No
Your employer is required to have you read the statement below if you are using respirators
notrequiredundertheRespiratoryProtectionRegulation.Ensureyoukeepacopyofthisform
foryourpersonalrecords.
OSHARESPIRATORYPROTECTIONSTATEMENT
ToTheRespiratorUser:
Respirators are an effective method of protection against designated hazards when properly
selectedandworn.Respiratoruseisencouraged,evenwhenexposuresarebelowtheexposure
limit, to provide an additional level of comfort and protection for workers. However, if a
respiratorisusedimproperlyornotkeptclean,therespiratoritselfcanbecomeahazardtothe
worker. Sometimes, workers may wear respirators to avoid exposures to hazards, even if the
amount of hazardous substance does not exceed the limits set by OSHA standards. If your
employerprovidesrespiratorsforyourvoluntaryuse,ofifyouprovideyourownrespirator,you
needtotakecertainprecautionstobesurethattherespiratoritselfdoesnotpresentahazard.
YouShouldDoTheFollowing:
1.Readandheedallinstructionsprovidedbythemanufactureronuse,maintenance,cleaning
andcare,andwarningsregardingtherespiratorslimitations.
2. Choose respirators certified for use to protect against the contaminant of concern. NIOSH,
theNationalInstituteforOccupationalSafetyandHealthoftheU.S.DepartmentofHealthand
HumanServices,certifiesrespirators.Alabelorstatementofcertificationshouldappearonthe
respirator or respirator packaging. It will tell you what the respirator is designed for and how
muchitwillprotectyou.
3. Do not wear your respirator into atmospheres containing contaminants for which your
respirator is not designed to protect against. For example, a respirator designed to filter dust
particles will not protect you against gases, vapors, or very small solid particles of fumes or
smoke.
334
RespiratorCleaningProcedures
Theseproceduresareprovidedforemployeeusewhencleaningrespirators.Theyaregeneralin
nature, and the employee as an alternative may use the cleaning recommendations provided
by the manufacturer of the respirators, provided such procedures are as effective as those
listed in 29 CFR 1910.134 Appendix B2. Equivalent effectiveness simply means that the
proceduresusedmustaccomplishtheobjectivessetforthbelow.
ProceduresforCleaningRespirators:
A. Remove filters, cartridges, or canisters. Disassemble facepieces by removing
speaking diaphragms, demand and pressure demand valve assemblies, hoses,
or any components recommended by the manufacturer. Discard or repair any
defectiveparts.
B. Wash components in warm water with a mild detergent or with a cleaner
recommended by the manufacturer. A stiff bristle brush may be used to
facilitatetheremovalofdirt.
C. Rinsecomponentsthoroughlyinclean,warm,preferablyrunningwater.Drain.
D. When the cleaner used does not contain a disinfecting agent, respirator
componentsshouldbeimmersedfortwominutesinoneofthefollowing:
1. Hypochlorite solution made by adding approximately one milliliter of laundry
bleachtooneliterofwaterat110deg.F.
2. Aqueous solution of iodine made by adding approximately 0.8 milliliters of
tinctureofiodinetooneliterofwaterat110deg.F.
3. Other commercially available cleansers of equivalent disinfectant quality when
used as directed, if their use is recommended or approved by the respirator
manufacturer.
E. Rinse components thoroughly in clean, warm , preferably running water. Drain.
The importance of thorough rinsing cannot be overemphasized. Detergents or
disinfectants that dry on facepieces may result in dermatitis. In addition, some
disinfectantsmaycausedeteriorationofrubberorcorrosionofmetalpartsifnot
completelyremoved.
F. Componentsshouldbehanddriedwithacleanlintfreeclothorairdried.
G. Reassemble facepiece, replacing filters, cartridges, and canisters where
necessary.
H. Testtherespiratortoensurethatallcomponentsworkproperly.

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TOPPSWELLSERVICEINC.

Production is never so urgent that we

I understand that due to my occupational exposure to blood or other potentially infectious

TypeofWarning Verbal Wrien Serious Other:______________

Can irritate the eyes, nose, or throat and

Can irritate the eyes, nose, and throat and

Can cause weakness and insomnia. Higher

Irritates the skin, eyes, nose, and throat, and

A suspected human carcinogen that has

Can irritate the eyes, nose, and throat; high

14.12 Material Safety Data Sheets

1912 APPENDIX A TO 1910.1025

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