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The power conversion of directly-coupled generators, e.g.
wind turbines is also subject to input fluctuations, but in
Fig. 1. Tested distribution system general, these are filtered better due to the large inertia.
1.0770 dip, the voltage recovers close to the voltage before the
1.0769 disturbance. For induction generators, the voltage does not
1.0768 recover due to the lack of reactive power support. There is not
1.0767 so much difference between a voltage dip in the base case and
1.0766 with DG connection, being around 1%. So the connection of
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 DG in the distribution system does not significantly affect the
Time (minute) dynamic voltage stability, and in most cases it reduces the
Fig. 2: Injected power and voltage at node 304 value of the voltage dip.
U2
2.5 Short circuit and protection selectivity
1.00
U404 The safe operation and adequate protection of the system are
0.95 U105 to be guaranteed at all times. In addition, the protection
U108 system has to be sufficiently selective, in order to optimize
0.90 the reliability and availability of the supplied power. This is
less simple than it seems since the fault current not only
0.85 comes from the main power system grid in a unidirectional
way, but also from the DG units (dispersed current sources),
0.80
making the detection far more complicated and thus the
0.75
conventional hierarchical protection method might fail.
Therefore, a more ‘active’ protection system with some form
0.70 of communication will be required to keep up the requirement
level of safety in the future.
0.65
protection.
0.990
0.40
With DG connection The connection of DG significantly influences to the short
circuit current both on the faulted feeder and healthy feeders.
Base case
0.35 A higher short-circuit current in the faulted feeder helps to
eliminate the fault faster. However, A higher short-circuit
0.30 current in healthy feeders, where a large penetration of DG is
connected to, might results in tripping unwanted feeders.
0.25
0.20
Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to the Belgian “Fonds voor
0.15
Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek Vlaanderen” for its financial
support of this work and the IWT for granting a GBOU
0.10
research project to support this research. J.Driesen holds a
postdoctoral research fellowship and of the Belgian “Fonds
99.5 100.0 100.5 101.0 101.5 102.0
voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (FWO) - Vlaanderen”.