2011-10-07 - Hand Out - Ithaca - Harm. of Interpr. en 15512

ERF - FEM R&S / ECCS TWG 7.
5 / RMI
Ithaca / USA ; 10 October 2011
HARMONIZATION of the
INTERPRETATION OF EN 15 512 1
ECCS / TC 7.5 & RMI
Ithaca USA / October 2011
European Racking Federation
ERF / FEM Racking & Shelving
HARMONIZATION OF THE
INTERPRETATION OF EN 15512

Non-conflicting additional information
to EN 15512, coming from

ECCS TWG 7.5 / ERF-FEM R&S Work Shop Testing
Discussions with regard to the German situation :

allgemeine bauaufsichtliche Zulassung

1
Kees Tilburgs
Technical Chairman ERF / FEM R&S
October 2011
EN 15 512
HARMONIZATION OF INTERPRETATION 1
ECCS / TC 7.5 & RMI
EN 15 512
HARMONIZATION OF INTERPRETATION
Parties involved in the Interpretation
Rack designers

Persons involved in the submission of a Building Permit,
when required

- Professional Engineers (Prfstatiker)
- Authorities (Dienst Bouwtoezicht)

Quality Mark Institutions

Independent experts, approached in case of a conflict with the
client , or to investigate a collapse

CEN/TC 344 Committee ,
when considering a possible review of EN 15512
2
ERF - FEM R&S / ECCS TWG 7.5 / RMI
ECCS / TC 7.5 & RMI
A. BEAM LOAD CAPACITY
A.1 9.6 Beams subject to bending and torsion
See Note
- - - - . For open cross sections and/or slender beams
together with unsymmetrical beams of open cross- section,
testing is usually necessary.
- Slender box-shaped 2 C-beams (2
nd
order torsion)
- Sigma beams, usually used in rack-clad structures

POSITIVE RESTRAINING
EFFECT OF PALLETS
IS RELEVANT
EN 15 512
ECCS / TC 7.5 & RMI
4
EN 15 512
BEAM LOAD CAPACITY
Bending of the pallet is reality :

has a negative effect on beam load capacity
shall be included in a test with real pallets !!!
ECCS / TC 7.5 & RMI
EN 15 512
See A.2.10 Bending tests on beams, NOTE 1
It is important that the loading media interact with the
beams in the same way as in practice
Dynamic effects during depositing / picking
will have a negative effect on the friction
between pallet and supporting beam surface
Temporarily loss of
diaphragm action of the
pallets on a pair of beams
5
BEAMS IN BENDING & TORSION
ECCS / TC 7.5 & RMI
EN 15 512
Possible consideration of negative effect of dynamics
6
BEAMS IN BENDING & TORSION
Load factor : 1.25 ???

Number of deposits : 25 ???

n
stab
20 OK ???
Rotation
ECCS / TC 7.5 & RMI
EN 15 512
A.2 A.2.10 Bending tests on beams
Possible failure mode :

Instability of the compressed upper flange
Relevant parameter when loading via pallets :

Distance between 2 adjacent pallets
Nominal distance depends on load overhang yes/no

overhang all sides : 50 mm nominal = 75+2x50 = 175 mm
7
Placement tolerances to be considered ???

e.g. 175 + 2 x 50 = 275 mm ???
BEAM LOAD CAPACITY
ECCS / TC 7.5 & RMI
8
EN 15 512
BENDING TEST ON BEAMS
Cross-aisle displacement
loading equipment

shall be possible
(no restraining effect
wrt possible beam instability)
A possible failure mode :
Crippling
in the compressed zone

Pallet clotch dimension
also relevant !!!
ECCS / TC 7.5 & RMI
A.3 9.4.6 Beams as tie beams in
braced pallet racks
EN 15 512
9
In case of beams
(regularly used in clad rack structures) ,

testing is needed for a cost-effective design.

Such racking is in general braced in down-aisle direction

Braced racking Tie beam function
Bending & Compression
Compression shall be included in the testing !!!
BEAM LOAD CAPACITY
ECCS / TC 7.5 & RMI
10
BEAM LOAD CAPACITY IN BRACED RACKING

BEAM ALSO IN COMPRESSION
2-Span
situation
EN 15 512
ECCS / TC 7.5 & RMI
11
EN 15 512
Worst case bending for 3 span :
Load only
on outer rack compartments
Horizontal compression load
introduction ,
because tie beam function
ECCS / TC 7.5 & RMI
12
EN 15 512
Examples of possible failure modes :

- Local buckling of compressed flange
- Torsional flexural instability
ECCS / TC 7.5 & RMI
13
EN 15 512
Loading situation for :

- Maximum bending moment at support
- Maximum shear force
ECCS / TC 7.5 & RMI
EN 15 512
14
B. UPRIGHT LOAD CAPPACITY
B.1 EFFECT OF DISTORTIONAL BUCKLING
Reference to Presentation Nedcon (Oct. 2011)

Determination Critical Load Upright in a Pallet Racking
However, an a-symmetrical mode
might be determinative
ECCS / TC 7.5 & RMI
EN 15 512
15
B.2 Bending perpendicular to upright frame
A.2.9 Bending tests on Upright sections
Reference to Presentation Nedcon (Oct. 2011)
Upright frame bending test :
Load application and support condition
Problem was :
excessive upright torsion in case of a certain
frame bracing node point.
ECCS / TC 7.5 & RMI
EN 15 512
16
Positive effect in reality :
- Determinative upright part never in top-most position

- Bottom upright part always at one end
in direct contact with floor
torsional restraint due to friction
between base plate and floor

This end condition
is never relevant
BENDING TEST UPRIGHT FRAME
ECCS / TC 7.5 & RMI
EN 15 512
17
Proposal
a. Load application : do not change
b. End condition at both sides of the upright frame :
it is allowed to have an additional frame panel with
system length 750 mm
Add an extra bracing member before the first horizontal bracing member.
Additional rotation restraint & strength at this
position.
~ 750 mm
ECCS / TC 7.5 & RMI
18
EN 15 512
c. Failure of the upright in bending (and torsion) is
also affected by deformations and possible failure
of the frame bracing
In case relevant, also to be corrected for actual
thickness and yield stress of the bracing members
ECCS / TC 7.5 & RMI
C. A.2.8 TESTS FOR THE SHEAR STIFFNESS
OF UPRIGHT FRAMES
EN 15 512
19
Top view
ECCS / TC 7.5 & RMI
20
EN 15 512
UPRIGHT FRAME SHEAR TEST
ECCS / TC 7.5 & RMI
EN 15 512
21
b. Presentation TU Trento, December 2010

A new text proposal for A.2.8.3 (Method) and
A.2.8.5 (Evaluation) is given,

including cyclic tests, however for the future:
Tests : - Comparative tests

- Tests under cyclic reversal loads

- EN procedure Australian procedue
FE Studies : Numerical study on the
tested upright frames
UPRIGHT FRAME SHEAR TEST : References
ECCS / TC 7.5 & RMI
EN 15 512
22
C.2 Relevant aspects for consideration
a. Level of shear force when slip of a bolted connection

will occur, depends on the non intentional or

intentional tension pre-load, causing certain slip

resistance due to friction in the bolted connection.
Thin gauged material Reliability pre-load with time ?)
Type of bolt securing (e.g. nyloc nuts) has an influence
Assembling of test frames in accordance with
Assembling Instruction Possible scatter
UPRIGHT FRAME SHEAR TEST
ECCS / TC 7.5 & RMI
EN 15 512
23
b. Different approach in case of seismic design
1. Much higher levels of shear force
2. Static strength Minimum stiffness values relevant

Seismic strength Maximum stiffness values relevant
(higher horizontal seismic force)
C.3 Final Conclusion (Static + Seismic)
Still to be agreed !!!
UPRIGHT FRAME SHEAR TEST : Aspects for consideration
ECCS / TC 7.5 & RMI
D. A.2.7 TESTS ON FLOOR CONNECTIONS
EN 15 512
24
D.1 Presentation TU Barcelona (Dec. 2010)
Symmetrical test set-up (Fig. A.11) could give
practical problems in the test execution
Proposal is made for an equivalent set-up for testing
one floor connection at the time
Set of transducers to measure ? As close as possible to
the floor cq base plate bracket
Transduces has to be capable
of acting in compression and tension
ECCS / TC 7.5 & RMI
25
EN 15 512
TEST ON FLOOR CONNECTIONS
One test sample per test Vertical load introduction
into upright
ECCS / TC 7.5 & RMI
D.2 Each test at a certain axial load level
until failure ??
EN 15 512
26
It is not clear from A.2.7 that at each level of F
axial

(Note : Number of levels is not specified!!)
the test sample shall be loaded by M until failure ,
as is assumed in Presentation TU Barcelona.
Allthough it might be concluded from A.2.7.5
ECCS / TC 7.5 & RMI
27
D.2.1 No Anchoring
Low F
axial
compared to F
d(esign)

Actual rack load << X (Allowable Load)
In reality also low M Compared to M
d(esign)

Ultimate load situation not relevant
EN 15 512
ECCS / TC 7.5 & RMI
EN 15 512
28
To minimize the number of tests,
the following might be acceptable (TNO method)
1. Rotation spring stiffness K
Fd;i

to be determined at the following load steps:
= 0.1 ; 0.2 - - - 0.7 Max F
ax
= 0,7 F
d

F
d
= design value axial strength from stub column test
2. M
Fd;max
from
( F
d
) / F
d
+ (M
Fd;max
) / M
d
= 0.8

M
d
= design value bending strength upright
ECCS / TC 7.5 & RMI
EN 15 512
29
and also to be fulfilled ( because non-anchored) :
M
Fd;max
x b x F
Fd

b = width of upright in plane of bending
3. Loading cycles at test situation F
d

- from M = 0 M = + M
Fd;max

- from + M
Fd;max
M
Fd;max

- from M
Fd;max
M = 0
ECCS / TC 7.5 & RMI
EN 15 512
30
4. Measured M - Curve
for F
axial
= F
d

5. Test result
ECCS / TC 7.5 & RMI
31
6. Strength check
Upright cross section just above floor level :

F / F
d
+ M / M
d
1.0

M b F
d
(Because non-anchored)
EN 15 512
ECCS / TC 7.5 & RMI
D.2.2 Anchored base plate
EN 15 512
32
1. Condition M
Fd;max
b F
Fd
is not required anymore
2. M
d1
= design value bending strength upright

M
d2
= design value bending strength anchoring ,
however depends on F
d

At each specified (!!!) level of F
d

to be tested until failure ??!!
ECCS / TC 7.5 & RMI
D.3 Concrete block
EN 15 512
33
a. Ensuring Class B 20/25 ???

Allowed scatter ???
b. Criterion for replacement ???

- No anchoring + good base plate design

After each test : check concrete surface
No crushing (criterion ???) Use again

- Anchoring + good base plate design

When slip of the anchor is observed ??? to be measured
When failure of concrete or anchor ???

- At least after 50 Tests ???
ECCS / TC 7.5 & RMI
E. INTERPOLATION OF TEST RESULTS
EN 15 512
34
Reference : Presentation DIBt (Dr. Kathage)
in Dortmund December 2010
e.g. with regard to beam to upright connections :

EN 15512 gives no information concerning
interpolation
ECCS / TC 7.5 & RMI
EN 15 512
35
EN 15512 (A.2.4.1)

All combinations of these factors, which occur in the
design of the structural system, shall be tested
separately, unless it can be reasonably
demonstrated that interpolation of results provides
a conservative estimate of performance
Guidance with regard conservative estimate is useful ,
to avoid possible problems afterwards ,
when being checked by a third party.
NO GUIDANCE YET
INTERPOLATION BETWEEN TEST RESULTS
ECCS / TC 7.5 & RMI
F. TESTING PRINCIPLES ACTUAL SET-UP
36
Each testing standard, also Annex A of EN 15512, gives :
Principles (end conditions, load application etc.)

Simplified sketches

This has to be translated in to an actual Set-up
See e.g. Presentations from the

ECCS TWG 7.5 / ERF-FEM R&S Work Shops
PRACTICAL GUIDE FOR TEST HOUSES USEFUL ???
EN 15 512
ECCS / TC 7.5 & RMI
37
EN 15 512
ECCS TWG 7.5 / ERF - FEM R&S
Science

Checking Engineers / Third Party Experts

Industry
A platform also for harmonization

2011-10-07 - Hand Out - Ithaca - Harm. of Interpr. en 15512

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ERF - FEM R&S / ECCS TWG 7.

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