Microprocessor & Microcontroller

Bustanul Arifin
bustanul@unissula.ac.id
Fakultas Teknologi Industri
Universitas Islam Sultan Agung
Contract of lecture
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Evaluation criteria
Presence min.75%: 10%
Task/homework : 10%
Mid Term (written): 40%
End Term (written): 40%
Total : 100%
Ways of lecture:
Explanation
Discussion
Application: Simulation & Practice
Topics
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Introducing Microprocessor
Performance of Microprocessor
Simple As-Possible
Microprocessor Programming
Assembly Language
Application Assembly Language
C Language
Application C Language
Application Microcontroller in Simulator
Practice
The first meeting
The second meeting
The third meeting
The fourth meeting
The fifth meeting
The sixth meeting
The seventh, eight, ninth, tenth, eleventh, twelfth meeting
Part 1: Basic Digital Theory
1. What is mean by the term digital systems ?
2. What kind of number system used in digital systems ?
3. Define the terms :- bit, nibble, byte, word. Give an example of each.
4. List several advantages of digital over analog circuits.
5. List ten devices that uses or contain digital circuitry.
6. If the digital circuits in a computer only respond to binary numbers, why are octal and
hexadecimal numbers used extensively by computer specialists ?
7. Convert the following numbers into 8 bits binary number.
a) 32 b) 78 c) 100 d) 150 e) 200 f) 255
8. Convert the following binary numbers into decimal and hexadecimal numbers.
a) 10101010 b) 11001100 c) 11011001
9. Convert the following hexadecimal numbers into binary number.
a) 32H b) A78H c) 1C9H d) 05F0H e) 2B50H f) FFFFH
10. Add the following binary numbers together.
a) 10010011 and 01101111 b) 11000111 and 10001101
11. Subtract the following binary numbers.
a) 00010011 from 01101111 b) 11000111 from 10001101
c) 10111001 from 00111001
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Part 2: Basic Microcomputer System
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12. What is a microprocessor ?
13. What corporation produce the first microprocessor chip and what is the chip used for ?
14. What is a microcomputer system ? Draw a block diagram of a microcomputer system.
15. Why is the microcomputer system is used in many dedicated electronic devices
(such as microwave oven control panels, electronic games ) instead of the digital
integrated circuits ?
16. What are the uses of the memory unit in a microcomputer system ?
17. Explain briefly what are the ROM and RAM memory chips. Draw the block diagram of each
and explain the lines on the chips.
18. Below are memory chip has a specifications. For each type, determine the total number of
addresses, its range and total number of data bytes it can store.
a) (2K x 8) ROM b) (4K x 8) ROM c) (2K x 8) RAM
d) (16K x 8) ROM e) (32K x 8) ROM f) (1K x 8) RAM
19. Briefly explain the functions of the input / output unit in a microcomputer system.
20. What kind of signals that is sent out or received by the I/O unit ?
21. What is system bus ?
22. Explain the address, data and control bus functions. How many lines are these busses ?
23. State the lowest address and the highest address that a 16 bit address bus can address in hex.
24. What is the role of the microprocessor clock ? Does a higher clock speed give an advantage ?
Part 3: Basic Microprocessor Architecture
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25. Draw a simplified block diagram of the internal architecture of a
microprocessor chip. What are the functions of each of the blocks ?
26. List all the general purpose registers. What are their sizes and what are
they used for ?
27. Why is the accumulator a special register ?
28. What is the use of the flag register ? Can the contents of flag register be
used by the programmer ?
29. A register pair can be used to hold a memory address. What other
registers can hold memory address ?
30. What are the differences between a register pair compared to an index
register ?
31. What is a fetch cycle ?
32. What is a decode cycle ?
33. What is an execute cycle ?
34. Briefly explain what happens after an instruction is loaded into the
Microprocessor Instructions Register (IR) ?
Part 4: Instruction Set
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35. Why is a microprocessor instruction a unique binary word ?
36. How does the microprocessor tell the difference between an instruction
word and a data word of the same value ?
37. What is the microprocessors instruction set ?
38. A microprocessor instruction can be broken into two parts. What are they,
and what function does each part perform ?
39. Why do we use a mnemonic instead of the actual binary op-code ?
40. What kind of instructions do not address anything ?
41. What do we call the computer program used to convert mnemonics
(assembly language) into machine readable code ?
42. Explain briefly the meaning of addressing mode. Give the addressing modes
available for the microprocessor that you are using.
Part 4: (Continue)
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43. Which addressing modes put the instruction and address in a single word ?
44. Where is the data located in an instruction using immediate addressing ?
45. Where is the data located in an instruction using direct addressing ? Hence
explain the difference between immediate and direct addressing.
46. Explain how register indirect addressing works. Why can it be a single
word instruction ?
47. What is the difference between indexed and relative addressing ?
48. Explain what is a T-state. How can we determine the duration of one
Tstate ?
49. An instruction has 4 T-states. Calculate the execution time if the CPU has a
clock of 1MHz.
50. There are times when it is necessary to write program very carefully in
order to use the smallest amount of memory possible. What conditions
would cause this to be necessary ?
Literature
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General:
Malvino,Albert Paul, 1994, Elektronika Komputer Digital, Erlangga, Jakarta.
Assembly language:
1. Eko Putra, Agfianto, 2002, Belajar Mikrokontroler AT89C51/52/55 Teori dan Aplikasi, Gava Media
Yogyakarta.
2. Malik, Moh.Ibnu, Anistardi, 1997, Bereksperimen dengan Mikrokontroler 8031, Elex Media Komputindo,
Jakarta.
3. Malik, Moh. Ibnu, 2003, Belajar Mikrokontroler Atmel AT89S8252, Gava Media Yogyakarta.
4. Hartanto. Dwi, Raharjo. Suwanto, Visual Downloader untuk Microcontroller AT89C2051, Penerbit Andi,
Yogyakarta.
5. Sudjadi, 2005, Teori dan AplikasiMikrokontroler Aplikasi pada Mikrokontroler AT89C51, Graha Ilmu,
Yogyakarta.
6. Budiharto, Widodo, 2004, Interfacing Komputer dan Mikrokontroler, Elex Media Komputindo, Jakarta
7. Kurniawan, Dayat, 2009, AtMega 8 dan Aplikasinya, Elex Media Komputindo, Jakarta
8. Andi Nalwan. Paulus, 2003, Panduan Praktis teknik Antarmuka dan Pemrograman Mikrokontroler
AT89C51, Elex Media Komputindo, Jakarta
9. Wardhana. Lingga, 2006, Belajar Sendiri Mikrokontroler AVR Seri ATMega8535 Simulasi, Hardware,
dan Aplikasi, Penerbit Andi,Yogyakarta.
10. Adjie, Harso, 2004, Aplikasi Mikroprosesor untuk Mengontrol Lampu Penerangan, Elex Media
Komputindo, Jakarta.
Literature (Continue)
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C Language
1. Andrianto,Heri, 2008, Pemrograman Mikrokontroler AVR Atmega16, Menggunakan
Bahasa C, Penerbit Informatika, Bandung.
2. Heryanto Ary, Adi, Wisnu, 2008, Pemrograman Bahasa C untuk Mikrokontroler
Atmega8535, Penerbit Andi,Yogyakarta
3. Budioko, Totok, 2005, Belajar dengan Mudah dan Cepat Pemrograman Bahasa C
dengan SDCC pada Mikrokontroler AT89X051/AT89C51/52 Teori, Simulasi dan Aplikasi,
Gava media,Yogyakarta
Literature (Continue)
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English books:
1. Tocci, Ronald J, 1991, Digital Systems Principles and Applications, Prentice-Hall
International,Inc, New Jersey.
2. Yeralan, Sencer. Ahluwalia, Ashutosh, 1995, Programming and Interfacing the 8051
Microcontroller,Addision-Welley, Massachussets.
3. Myke Predko, 1999, Programming and Customizing The 8051 Microcontroller, McGraw-
Hill, NewYork
4. Stiffler, Kent A, Design with Microprocessor for Mechanical Engineers, Mc-Graw-Hill, Inc,
NewYork
5. Greenfield, Joseph. Wray, William, 1981, Using Microprocessor and Microcomputers The
6800 Family, JohnWilley & Son, NewYork.
6. Hongenboom, 1988, Microprocessor Data Book, Elex Media Komputindo, Jakarta.
F T I U n i s s u l a Semarang 12
You must have one of them (Whatever of Microcontroller
Books) suggest: dont copy from genuine books