PBJW Dalbert; Martin-Luther-Universitt Halle-Wittenberg ; 06.09.

2010
JUSTICE
Below you will find various statements. Most likely, you will strongly agree with some state-
ments, and strongly disagree with others. Sometimes you may feel more neutral.
Read each statement carefully and decide to what extent you personally agree or disagree with
it. Circle the number which corresponds to this judgment. Make sure you circle a number for
every statement.

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1
I believe that, by and large, I deserve what happens
to me.
6 5 4 3 2 1
2 I am usually treated fairly. 6 5 4 3 2 1
3 I believe that I usually get what I deserve. 6 5 4 3 2 1
4 Overall, events in my life are just. 6 5 4 3 2 1
5
In my life injustice is the exception rather than the
rule.
6 5 4 3 2 1
6
I believe that most of the things that happen in my
life are fair.
6 5 4 3 2 1
7
I think that important decisions that are made con-
cerning me are usually just.
6 5 4 3 2 1
PBJW Dalbert; Martin-Luther-Universitt Halle-Wittenberg ; 06.09.2010
Personal Belief in a Just World Scale
Dalbert (1999)

Explanation
Development of the scale:
Dalbert, C. (1999). The world is more just for me than generally: About the Personal Belief in
a Just World Scales validity. Social Justice Research, 12, 79-98.
Scale description:
Dalbert, C. (2000). Beliefs in a just world questionnaire. In J. Maltby, C.A. Lewis, & A. Hill
(Eds.), Commissioned reviews of 250 psychological Tests (pp. 461-465). Lampeter,
Wales: Edwin Mellen Press.
Studies using the scale:
1. Appel, M. (2008). Fictional narratives cultivate just-world-beliefs. Journal of
Communication, 58, 62-83.
2. Almeida, A. Correia, I., & Marinho, S. (2010). Moral disagreement, normative beliefs of
peer group, and attitudes regarding roles in bullying. Journal of School Violence, 9, 23-36
3. Correia, I. & Dalbert, C. (2007). Belief in a just world, justice concerns, and well-being at
Portuguese schools. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 22, 421-437. (Erra-
tum: 2009, 24, Appendix)
4. Correia, I., & Dalbert, C. (2008). School bullying: Belief in a personal just world of
bullies, victims, and defenders. European Psychologist, 13, 249-254.
5. Correia, I. Kamble, S.V., & Dalbert, C. (2009). Belief in a just world and well-being of
bullies, victims and defenders: a study with Portuguese and Indian students. Anxiety,
Stress and Coping: An International Journal, 22, 497-508.
6. Cubela Adoric, V. (2004). Belief in a just world and young adults ways of coping with
unemployment and the job search. In C. Dalbert & H. Sallay (Eds.), The justice motive in
adolescence and young adulthood: Origins and consequences (pp. 189-214). London, UK:
Routledge.
7. Cubela Adoric, V. & Kvartuc, T. (2007). Effects of mobbing on justice beliefs and adjust-
ment. European Psychologist, 12, 261-271.
8. Dalbert, C. (2001). The justice motive as a personal resource: Dealing with challenges
and critical life events. New York: Plenum Press.
9. Dalbert, C. (2002). Beliefs in a just world as a buffer against anger. Social Justice
research, 15, 123-145.
10. Dalbert, C. & Dzuka, J. (2004). Belief in a just world, personality, and well-being of
adolescents. In C. Dalbert & H. Sallay (Eds.), The justice motive in adolescence and young
adulthood: Origins and consequences (pp. 101-116). London, UK: Routledge.
11. Dalbert, C. & Filke, E. (2007). Belief in a just world, justice judgments, and their
functions for prisoners. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 34, 1516-1527.
PBJW Dalbert; Martin-Luther-Universitt Halle-Wittenberg ; 06.09.2010
12. Dzuka, J. & Dalbert, C. (2007). Aggression at school: Belief in a personal just world and
well-being of victims and aggressors. Studia Psychologica, 49, 313 - 320.
13. Dalbert, C., Lipkus, I.M., Sallay, H., & Goch, I. (2001). A just and an unjust world: Struc-
ture and validity of different world beliefs. Personality and Individual Differences, 30,
561-577.
14. Dalbert, C. & Maes, J. (2002). Belief in a just world as personal resource in school. In M.
Ross & D.T. Miller (Eds.), The justice motive in everyday life (pp. 365-381). Cambridge
UK: Cambridge University Press.
15. Dalbert, C. & Radant, M. (2004). Parenting and young adolescents' belief in a just world.
In C. Dalbert & H. Sallay (Eds.), The justice motive in adolescence and young adulthood:
Origins and consequences (pp. 11-25). London, UK: Routledge.
16. Dalbert, C. & Stoeber, J. (2005). Belief in a just world and distress at school. Social
Psychology of Education, 8, 123-135.
17. Dalbert, C. & Stoeber, J. (2006). The belief in a just world and domain-specific beliefs
about justice at school and in the family: A longitudinal study with adolescents.
International Journal of Behavioral Development, 30, 200-207.
18. Dalbert, C. & Umlauft, S. (2009). The role of the justice motive in economic decision
making. Journal of Economic Psychology, 30, 172180.
19. Dette, D. E., Stber, J., & Dalbert, C. (2004). Belief in a just world and adolescents' voca-
tional and social goals. In C. Dalbert & H. Sallay (Eds.), The justice motive in adolescence
and young adulthood: Origins and consequences (pp. 231-247). London, UK: Routledge.
20. Dzuka, J. & Dalbert, C. (2002). Mental health and personality of Slovak unemployed
adolescents: About the beliefs in a just world's impact. Journal of Applied Social Psy-
chology, 4,732-757.
21. Dzuka, J. & Dalbert, C. (2006). The belief in a just worlds impact on subjective well-
being in old age. Aging and Mental Health, 10, 439-444.
22. Dzuka, J. & Dalbert, C. (2007). Aggression at school: Belief in a personal just world and
well-being of victims and aggressors. Studia Psychologica, 49, 313 - 320.
23. Dzuka, J. & Dalbert, C. (2007). Student violence against teachers: teachers well-being
and the belief in a just world. European Psychologist, 12, 253-260.
24. Edlund, J. E., Sagarin, B. J., & Johnson, B. S. (2006). Reciprocity and the belief in a just
world. Personality and Individual Differences, 43, 589-596.
25. Fatima, I. & Khalid, R. (2007). Some aspects of reliability and validity of beliefs in a just
world questionnaire. Pakistan Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 5, 15-24.
26. Fetchenhauer, D., Jacobs, G., & Belschak, F. (2005). Belief in a just world, causal
attribution, and adjustment to sexual violence. Social Justice Research, 18, 25-42.
27. Herrmann, M., Dalbert, C. & Stoll, O. (2008). Fairness im Fuball: Zusammenhnge mit
Gerechtigkeitsmotiv und Ungerechtigkeitserfahrungen [Fairness in soccer: Relation to the
justice motive and perceived injustice]. Zeitschrift fr Sportpsychologie, 15, 1-13.
28. McParland, J. L., & Knussen, C. (2010). Just world beliefs moderate the relationship of
pain intensity and disability with psychological distress in chronic pain support group
members. European Journal of Pain, 14, 71-76.
29. Moskowitz, D. A. (2010). Claiming HIV infection from improbable modes as a possible
coping strategy. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 40, 311-324.
PBJW Dalbert; Martin-Luther-Universitt Halle-Wittenberg ; 06.09.2010
30. Otto, K. & Dalbert, C. (2005). Belief in a just world and its functions for young prisoners.
Journal of Research in Personality, 6, 559-573.
31. Otto, K., Boos, A., Dalbert, C., Schps, D. & Hoyer, J. (2006). Posttraumatic symptoms,
depression, and anxiety of flood victims: The impact of the belief in a just world. Person-
ality and Individual Differences, 40, 1075-1084.
32. Otto, K. & Dalbert, C. (2004). Belief in a just world as a resource for different types of
young prisoners. In C. Dalbert & H. Sallay (Eds.), The justice motive in adolescence and
young adulthood: Origins and consequences (pp. 153-171). London, UK: Routledge.
33. Otto, K. & Dalbert, C. (2005). Belief in a just world and its functions for young prisoners.
Journal of Research in Personality, 6, 559-573.
34. Otto, K., Glaser, D., & Dalbert, C. (in press). Mental health, occupational trust, and the
quality of working life: Does the belief in a just world matter? Journal of Applied Social
Psychology.
35. Otto, K. & Schmidt, S. (2007). Dealing with stress in hte workplace. Compensatory
effects of belief in a just world. European Psychologist, 12, 272-282.
36. Peter, F. & Dalbert, C. (2010). Do my teachers treat me justly? Implications of students'
justice experience for class climate experience. Contemporary Educational Psychology,
35, 297-305.
37. Sallay, H. (2004). Entering the job market: belief in a just world, fairness and well-being
of graduating students. In C. Dalbert & H. Sallay (Eds.), The justice motive in adolescence
and young adulthood: Origins and consequences (pp. 215-230). London, UK: Routledge.
38. Sallay, H. & Dalbert, C. (2004). The development of the belief in a just world: The impact
of being raised in a one-parent or an intact family. In C. Dalbert & H. Sallay (Eds.), The
justice motive in adolescence and young adulthood: Origins and consequences (pp. 26-
42). London, UK: Routledge.
39. Strelan, P. (2007). The prosocial, adaptive qualities of just world beliefs: Implications for
the relationship between justice and forgiveness. Personality and Individual Differences,
43, 881-890.
40. Thorkildsen, T. A., Golant, C. J., & Cambray-Engstrom, E. (in press). Essential
solidarities for understanding Latino adolescents moral and academic engagement. In C.
Hudley, & A. E. Gottfried (Eds.), Academic motivation and the culture of schooling in
childhood and adolescence. Oxford: Oxford University Press.