MAIN F A Q LINKS ARTICLES BOOKS IMAGES AUDIO

History has never been so popular. The man in the street has never been so
well informed about his past as he is today. And yet it is a sad and unhappy fact
that for all that has been said, written and broadcast about the early and more
recent history of mankind, there remains a very large body of historical evidence
that is mostly passed over in silence by today's scholars. And because it is
passed over by today's scholars, it never reaches today's general public.
(from Chapter 2: "Where to Begin")
Published in England by:
New Wine Press
PO Box 17
Chichester
West Sussex PO20 6YB
Mailing Address:
Bill Cooper
Creation Science Movement
50 Brecon Avenue
Cosham, Portsmouth
En!an" PO6 2AW #nite" $in"om
Copyright 1995 - by Bill Cooper. All Rights Reserved.
May be donloaded !or personal"group edu#ational purposes only.
$o not edit. $o not repost nor redistribute in any ay ithout ritten per%ission.

%o &o' ((()creationsciencemovement)com


*i++e" co+, o- this entire .oo/ 01)1 1B2 3ea"me)txt
&!or 'our Resear#h (nly) do not re-distribute* than+s,

TABLE ! "#TE#T$

%ntroduction & %n the Beginning
"hapter ' & The (nowledge of )od amongst the early *agans
"hapter + & ,here to Begin
"hapter - & #ennius and the Table of European #ations
"hapter . & The "hronicles of the early Britons
"hapter / & The 0istory of the early British (ings
"hapter 1 & The 2escent of the Anglo3$a4on (ings
"hapter 5 & The 2escent of the 2anish and #orwegian (ings
"hapter 6 & The 2escent of the %rish "eltic (ings
"hapter 7 & Ancient "hronologies and the Age of the Earth
"hapter '8 & 2inosaurs from Anglo3$a4on and other 9ecords
"hapter '' & Beowulf and the "reatures of 2enmark
"hapter '+ & "onclusion
"hapter '- & ,hat the "$: is all about
APPENDICES
Appendi4 ' & The #ations of $hem
Appendi4 + & The #ations of 0am
Appendi4 - & The #ations of ;apheth
Appendi4 . & $urviving :$$ of the early ,elsh "hronicles
Appendi4 / & The Latin Te4t of #ennius '5 and '6
Appendi4 1 & The :olmutine Laws and *agan Britain
Appendi4 5 & The )enealogy of the early British (ings
Appendi4 6 & The 2escent of the East $a4on (ings
Appendi4 7 & The 0istorical "haracters of Beowulf
Appendi4 '8 & <oologically applied terms in the Beowulf
Appendi4 '' & Epic !rom ;apheth to Brutus
Appendi4 '+ & The 2escent from ;apheth of the :iautso
Appendi4 '- & Britain's !irst "hristian
Appendi4 '. & The %rish "hronicles and the end of the %ce Age

Bibliography

)o To Books $ection 3 :ain *age www.creationism.org
A-ter the 4!oo" 5 by Bill Cooper
CHAPTER I
CHAPTER II
CHAPTER III
CHAPTER IV
CHAPTER V
CHAPTER VI
CHAPTER VII
CHAPTER VIII
CHAPTER IX
CHAPTER X
CHAPTER XI
CHAPTER XII
CHAPTER XIII
== *9E>
"The early post-flood history of
Europe traced back to Noah"
#E?T @@
INTRODUCTION
In the Beginning
6t is common!, thouht in this +resent ae that nothin is (orth, o- our .e!ie- un!ess -irst it can .e
scienti-ica!!, "emonstrate" an" o.serve" to .e true) &his i"ea, /no(n to"a, as em+iricism, has .een
aroun" since the 1720s, an" sa,s .asica!!, that nothin is to .e ta/en on trust, an" that an,thin
(hich !ac/s "irect corro.oration must .e "iscar"e" -rom man/in"8s -in" o- /no(!e"e as sim+!, not
(orth the /no(in) 9ot sur+risin!,, a s+ecia! case (as ma"e ., those (ho ha" thouht o- the i"ea
-or inc!u"in the Bi.!e in this reat +rocess o- "ese!ection, an" it (as assume" (ithout -urther
en:uir, that nothin in es+ecia!!, the ear!ier +ortions o- the .i.!ica! recor" cou!" .e "emonstrate" to
.e true an" -actua!) &his a++!ie" +articu!ar!, to the .oo/ o- %enesis) &here a!! (as re!eate", .,
mo"ernist scho!ars at !east, to the rea!ms o- m,th an" -iction, (ith ver, !itt!e o- its contents .ein
sai" to .ear an, re!evance at a!! -or 20th5centur, man) 9ot even a mora! re!evance (as rante") 6n
other (or"s, (e (ere so!emn!, assure" in the !iht o- mo"ern (is"om that, historica!!, s+ea/in,
the .oo/ o- %enesis (as sim+!, not (orth the +a+er it (as (ritten on)
When 6 -irst came across this +ro.!em some thirt, ,ears ao, 6 -oun" it most +er+!exin) On the one
han" 6 ha" the Bi.!e itse!- c!aimin to .e the ver, Wor" o- %o", an" on the other 6 (as +resente"
(ith numerous commentaries that s+o/e (ith one voice in te!!in me that the Bi.!e (as nothin o-
the /in") 6t (as mere!, a hotch5+otch co!!ection o- mi""!e5eastern m,ths an" -a.!es that souht to
ex+!ain the (or!" in +rimitive terms, (hose +arts ha" .een +atche" toether ., a series o- !ater
e"itors) 1o"em scienti-ic man nee" have nothin (hatever to "o (ith it)
9o(, it sim+!, (as not +ossi.!e -or .oth these c!aims to .e va!i") On!, one o- them cou!" .e riht,
an" 6 sa( it as m, "ut,, to m,se!- at !east, to -in" out (hich (as the true account an" (hich (as the
-a!se) So it (as then that 6 "eci"e" to se!ect a certain +ortion o- %enesis an" su.mit it to a test
(hich, i- a++!ie" to an, or"inar, historica! "ocument, (ou!" .e consi"ere" a test o- the most
unreasona.!e severit,) An" 6 (ou!" continue that test unti! either the .oo/ o- %enesis revea!e" itse!-
to .e a -a!se account, or it (ou!" .e sho(n to .e utter!, re!ia.!e in its historica! statements) Either
(a,, 6 (ou!" "iscover once an" -or a!! (hether the .i.!ica! recor" (as (orth, o- m, trust or not) 6t
seeme" a !itt!e irreverent to treat a .oo/ that c!aime" to .e the ver, Wor" o- %o" in such a -ashion)
But i- truth has an, su.stance at a!!, then that .oo/ (ou!" sure!, .e a.!e to .ear such a test) 6-
%enesis containe" an, -a!sehoo", error or mis!ea"in statement o- -act, then a severe testin (ou!"
revea! it an" 6 (ou!" .e the -irst to a"" m, o(n voice to those o- a!! the other scho!ars (ho "ec!are"
the .oo/ o- %enesis to .e !itt!e more than -a.!e)
With an, or"inar, historica! "ocument, o- course, a sim+!e error or even a sma!! series o- errors,
(ou!" not necessari!, "is:ua!i-, it -rom .ein rear"e" as an historica! account, or one that cou!" at
!east .e ma"e use o- ., historians) But %enesis is no or"inar, recor") 9o or"inar, "ocument (ou!"
c!aim inerranc, in its statements, an" an, "ocument (hich "i" ma/e such a c!aim -or itse!- cou!"
ex+ect a thorouh an" severe "ru..in at the han"s o- scho!ars) But, i- %enesis (as in"ee" a true
account o- (hat ha" ha++ene" a!! those ,ears ao, i- it (as in"ee" ever,thin that it c!aime" itse!-
to .e, then the truth that it +roc!aime" cou!" not .e "estro,e" ., an, amount o- testin) 6t cou!"
on!, .e vin"icate") 6n that rear" at !east, truth is in"estructi.!e)
What 6 ha" not ex+ecte" at the time (as the -act that the tas/ (as to enae m, attention an"
eneries -or more than t(ent,5-ive ,ears) 9or ha" 6 ex+ecte" the astonishin "eree to (hich
%enesis, +articu!ar!, the tenth an" e!eventh cha+ters, (as to .e vin"icate") &hese cha+ters are
convenient!, /no(n to scho!ars as the &a.!e o- 9ations, an" the sheer .rea"th an" "e+th o- the
historica! evi"ence that (as avai!a.!e -or their stu", astonishe" me) 6t .ore ver, !itt!e re!ation
in"ee" to (hat 6 ha" .een !e" to ex+ect) But that (as not the on!, sur+rise in store)
&he test that 6 "evise" (as a sim+!e one) 6- the names o- the in"ivi"ua!s, -ami!ies, +eo+!es an" tri.es
!iste" in the &a.!e o- 9ations (ere enuine, then those same names shou!" a++ear a!so in the
recor"s o- other nations o- the 1i""!e East) Archaeo!o, shou!" a!so revea! that those same -ami!ies
an" +eo+!es are !iste" in %enesis 0or not as the case ma, .e2 in their correct ethno!oica!,
eora+hica! an" !inuistic re!ation5shi+s) 6 a!!o(e" -or the -act that a oo" +ro+ortion o- these
names (ou!" not a++ear) Either the recor"s that once containe" them ha" !on since +erishe", or the
"iversit, o- !anuae an" "ia!ect ha" ren"ere" them unreconisa.!e) Some (ou!" .e !ost in
o.scurit,) 6t sim+!, (as not rea!istic to ex+ect that ever, name (ou!" have .een recor"e" in the
anna!s o- the ancient 1i""!e East an" (ou!" a!so have survive" to the +resent "a,) 6 there-ore
(ou!" have .een content to have -oun" sa, ;0< o- the !ist vin"icate") 6n -act that (ou!" have .een
a ver, hih achievement iven the sheer anti:uit, o- the &a.!e o- 9ations itse!- an" the re+orte"
scarcit, o- the survivin extra5.i.!ica! recor"s -rom those ancient times) But (hen, over m, t(ent,5
-ive ,ears o- research, that con-irmator, evi"ence re( +ast ;0< to 50<, an" then 60< an"
.e,on", it soon .ecame a++arent that mo"ern (is"om in this matter (as (i"e o- the mar/) =er,
(i"e o- the mar/ in"ee") &o"a, 6 can sa, that the names so -ar vin"icate" in the &a.!e o- 9ations
ma/e u+ over 77< o- the !ist, an" 6 sha!! ma/e no -urther comment on that other than to sa, that no
other ancient historica! "ocument o- +ure!, human authorshi+ cou!" .e ex+ecte" to ,ie!" such a
!eve! o- corro.oration as that> An" 6 (i!! a"" -urther that mo"ern .i.!ica! commentators must ma/e
o- it (hat the, (i!!)
But the test "i"n8t sto+ there) 6 ha" "etermine" at the ver, .einnin that the test (as to .e one o-
unreasona.!e severit,, so even the astonishin !eve! o- vin"ication so -ar achieve" "i" not -u!!,
satis-, the re:uirements o- the test) &he reason -or this (as sim+!e) &he &a.!e o- 9ations (as
(ritten in the 1i""!e East) But a!! the recor"s consu!te" ., me in investiatin that &a.!e (ere a!so
(ritten in the 1i""!e East) 6 there-ore "eci"e" that the test shou!" continue .e,on" those
eora+hica! .oun"s, an" 6 carrie" the search into the recor"s o- the ear!, +eo+!es o- Euro+e) 6
(ante" to see -irst!, (hether the same +atriarchs mentione" in %enesis (ere evi"ent in the most
ancient enea!oies an" chronic!es o- the +eo+!es o- Euro+e, an" 6 (ante" a!so to assess the !eve! at
(hich these ear!, +eo+!es (ere a(are o- other events mentione" in %enesis) &he im+ortant +art o-
this test (as that the "ocuments an" recor"s consu!te" ., me ha" to "ate -rom .e-ore the time that
an, iven Euro+ean nation (as converte" to Christianit,) &hat (as .ecause it is too o-ten a!!ee" .,
certain scho!ars that the ear!, Christian church, +articu!ar!, the monastic communit,, (as iven to
-orer, an" invention) So on!, "ocuments that +re5"ate" the comin o- Christianit, an" its -orin
mon/s to a +articu!ar nation (hose recor"s 6 (as consu!tin (ou!" .e consi"ere") &his +art o- the
test (as crucia! an" (as to ,ie!" as reat a !eve! o- vin"ication -or the tenth an" e!eventh cha+ters o-
%enesis as the -irst +art o- the test)
What -o!!o(s is a summar, o- a!! that evi"ence) 6 (i!! not +reten" that this .oo/ has .een eas, to
(rite) 6t hasn8t) A!thouh 6 have aime" -or rea"a.i!it,, most o- the evi"ence that 6 uncovere" over
the ,ears consiste" mere!, o- !ists o- names, innumera.!e cross5re-erences, ro,a! enea!oies, /in5
!ists an" o!" chronic!es) So i- 6 have -ai!e" in an, (a, to ma/e a!! that a ratt!in oo" rea", then
+!ease .!ame a!! those s/e!eta! "ocuments that ancient o--icia!"om has !e-t us rather than the +resent
(riter, (hose se!-5a++ointe" an" !one!, tas/ has .een to ma/e sense o- them a!!> An, stu"ent (ho
(ishes to +ursue matters -urther (i!! -in" co+ious re-erences to he!+ him or her in -urther stu",) &he
rest, as the, sa,, is histor,)
Bill Cooper
Ash-or"
1i""!esex
1arch 1775
== *9E>
MAIN A!E """#creatio$is%#or&
#E?T @@

A-ter the 4!oo" 5 by Bill Cooper
CHAPTER
I
CHAPTER
II
CHAPTER
III
CHAPTER
IV
CHAPTER
V
CHAPTER
VI
CHAPTER
VII
CHAPTER
VIII
CHAPTER
IX
CHAPTER
X
CHAPTER
XI
CHAPTER
XII
CHAPTER
XIII
== *9E>
"The early post-flood history of
Europe traced back to Noah"
#E?T @@
C'ATER (
The Knowledge of God amongst the early Pagans
So that (e ma, .rin the su.?ect (e are a.out to stu", into its +ro+er +ers+ective, (e must -irst
a!!o( that man, o- our +reconce+tions rear"in ancient man are mista/en) 6t is common!,
su++ose", -or exam+!e, that the nations o- the (or!" .ecame a(are o- the %o" o- %enesis on!, a-ter
the, (ere evane!ise" ., Christian missionaries) On!, since the trans!ation o- the Scri+tures into
their o(n !anuae, it is assume", "i" the, .ecome conscious o- the Creation an" the %o" (ho
create" it) 6t is -urther su++ose" that ear!, +aan man can have ha" no conce+t o- a "ivinit, hiher
than that o- an i"o!, .ecause it is im+ossi.!e to come to a /no(!e"e o- the one true %o" (ithout
that /no(!e"e .ein iven throuh the "irect reve!ation o- @is Wor", an" so on) Po+u!ar thouht
seems never to have consi"ere" the +ossi.i!it, that +aan man (as in"ee" a(are o- %o" an" o- @is
attri.utes an" +o(er, an" that this a(areness ha" existe" an" -!ourishe" -or centuries (ithout an,
recourse at a!! to the scri+tures) So it is (ith somethin o- a sur+rise that (e meet (ith exact!, that,
a +ro-oun" /no(!e"e an" a++reciation o- an eterna! an" a!miht, Creator %o", @is -atherhoo" o-
the human race an" @is in-inite attri.utes in the (ritins o- various historians in the ancient (or!"
an" amonst the teachins o- the ear!iest +hi!oso+hers) 6t is o- the utmost im+ortance that (e
-ami!iarise ourse!ves (ith this truth as (e .ein our investiations into the &a.!e o- 9ations itse!-
an" the /no(!e"e amonst the +aan nations o- those +atriarchs an" events that are so -ami!iar to
us -rom the %enesis recor")
So +ro-oun" (as the conce+t an" /no(!e"e o- %o" amonst certain +aan +eo+!es in the ancient
(or!", an" in +articu!ar the %ree/ an" 3oman (or!"s, that a controvers, eventua!!, arose an" (as
to rae -or man, centuries .et(een those (ho +ro+aate" an" +reserve" that /no(!e"e o- %o" as
the Creator, an" those (ho souht to "estro, it ., attri.utin the creation o- the universe to +ure!,
natura! -orces) &he mar/e" simi!arit, .et(een that +aan controvers, an" the controvers, that raes
to"a, .et(een creationists an" evo!utionists is sur+risin an" (e sha!! .e examinin that
controvers, in this cha+ter) But -irst (e must un"erstan" somethin o- the sheer +ro-un"it, o- the
+aan +hi!oso+hica! conce+t o- the one true %o") We meet (ith it in +!aces as "istant -rom each
other as the (or!" is (i"e, an" amon cu!tures as socia!!, an" +o!itica!!, "iverse as those o- ancient
%reece an" China) 4or exam+!e, it is -rom the (ritins o- the &aoist -ao-t.u* (ho -!ourishe" in the
China o- the 6th centur, BC, that the -o!!o(in +ro-oun" statement concernin the existence an"
some o- the attri.utes o- %o" is ta/en'
8Be-ore time, an" throuhout time, there has .een a se!-5existin .ein, eterna!, in-inite, com+!ete,
omni+resent )))) Outsi"e this .ein, .e-ore the .einnin, there (as nothin)8 012
6t (as c!ear!, -rom no co+, o- %enesis that -ao-t.u cou!" +ossi.!, have "erive" such an a(areness
o- %o") But then as other +aan +hi!oso+hers -rom "i--erent cu!tures a!toether (ere to a"" their
convictions to that o- the Chinese sae -ao-t.u* 0an" that ta/es no account o- a!! those (ho !ive"
.e-ore him2, it .ecomes imme"iate!, o.vious that no such co+, (as necessar,) 6t (ou!" seem that,
contrar, to most o- the assum+tions o- mo"ern +s,cho!o, on the matter, the /no(!e"e o- %o" is
in -act an" in"ee" innate (ithin the human sou!) 6t is a .ui!t5in a(areness that ma, (e!! .e
a(a/ene" an" +er-ecte" (ith the rece+tion o- %o"8s Wor", .ut it is certain!, somethin that exists
:uite in"e+en"ent!, o- a /no(!e"e o- scri+ture) &hat is not to sa, that it (as a"mitte" to or
+roc!aime" e:ua!!, ., a!! men in the ancient (or!") 1an,, o- course, "enie" it ?ust as the, "en, it
to"a,, -or a!onsi"e ever, -ao-t.u (ho +roc!aime" the existence o- %o" in the (or!" o- ancient
China, there (as a /uo-0siang rea", to "is+ute it'
86 venture to as/ (hether the creator is or is not) 6- he is not, ho( can he create thinsA &he creatin
o- thins has no Bor"C ever,thin creates itse!-)8 022
But such exce+tions !orious!, +rove the ru!e) 4or the existence o- the Creator to .e "enie" ., one
+hi!oso+her, it -irst has to .e ex+oun"e" ., another, an" the :uestion that interests us here is (here
"i" that /no(!e"e come -romA 6- not -rom scri+ture, (hich (as un/no(n to these +eo+!es, then
-rom (hereA 6- not -rom Christian missionar, teachers (ho "i" not ,et exist, then -rom (homA 4or,
im+er-ect as the conce+t o- %o" ma, have .een amon the ear!, +aans, it (as neverthe!ess ver,
rea!, o-ten +ro-oun", an" can on!, have .een -oun"e" u+on a .o", o- /no(!e"e that ha" .een
+reserve" amonst the ear!, races -rom a +articu!ar +oint in histor,) What that +oint in histor, (as
ma, .ecome evi"ent as our stu", +rocee"s an" as (e meet (ith the -ami!ies o- human/in"
"is+ersin -rom a sin!e +oint aroun" the !o.e) But that it (as +ro-oun" an" in man, (a,s
ins+irin, can har"!, .e "enie", as the -o!!o(in ancient text -rom @e!io+o!is in E,+t testi-ies'
86 am the creator o- a!! thins that exist)))that came -orth -rom m, mouth) @eaven an" earth "i" not
exist, nor ha" .een create" the her.s o- the roun" nor the cree+in thins) 6 raise" them out o- the
+rimeva! a.,ss -rom a state o- non5.ein)))8 0D2
6t (ou!" not .e overstatin the case to sa, that the E,+tian conce+t o- a "ivine creation o- the
universe (as so stron!, he!" that throuhout E,+t it overne" ever, s+here o- thouht an" action,
+o!itica!, e"ucationa!, +hi!oso+hica! an" so on) An" it is a!so note(orth, to consi"er that there is no
recor" an,(here amonst the vast amount o- !iterature to .e recovere" -rom ancient E,+t, that
suests that this vie( (as ever cha!!ene") 9o(here in a!! the !on histor, o- E,+t "o (e -in"
that a +hi!oso+her arose (ho (as +re+are" to +ro+aate the notion that the universe came into .ein
throuh the aenc, o- non5"ivine -orces an" +rocesses) &here (ere in"ee" other t,+es o- heretic an"
"issi"ent, nota.!, the +haraoh A/hnaten (ho souht to .rin a!! E,+t un"er the +ersuasion that
there (as .ut one o" instea" o- the man, that the E,+tians (orshi++e", .ut this (as har"!,
atheism or a materia!ist conce+t that "enie" the +!ace an" rea!it, o- the Creator) 0;2 On the contrar,,
it (as an e--ort, a!.eit an unsuccess-u! e--ort u!timate!,, on the +art o- A/hnaten to c!ear a(a, much
o- the theo!oica! "ross an" "e.ris that ha" o.scure" ., his "a, the +urit, o- the conce+t o- such a
Creator)
Curious!,, (e meet (ith the same !ac/ o- cha!!ene to the creationist vie( a!most throuhout the
ancient !iterate (or!") 4or exam+!e, (e encounter this same a.sence o- atheism or materia!ism in
.oth 1eso+otamia an" ear!, 6srae!, (here recor"s ma/e no mention at a!! o- an, materia!ist thin/er
even ., (a, o- con"emnation or re-utation, save +erha+s the so!itar, .i.!ica! o.servation that, 8the
-oo! hath sai" in his heart, there is no %o"8) 052 &his, o- course, +resu++oses the existence o- such
-oo!s at the time the statement (as (ritten, ca 1000 BC, ,et not a sha"o( o- a controvers, has come
"o(n to us that so much as hints that the +revai!in creationist vie( (as ever cha!!ene" or even
:uestione" in the ancient 1i""!e East, so stron!, (as it he!" to in that reion o- the earth at !east)
An" that is a nota.!e -act that no one, to m, /no(!e"e, has ever souht to examine) 0626n"ee", in
ever, ma?or cu!ture throuhout the ancient (or!" o- (hich (e have an, recor", the over(he!min
consensus (as that the universe ha" .een create" ., o-ten a sin!e an" usua!!, su+reme "ivine
.ein 0even in notorious!, +o!,theistic cu!tures2) But more remar/a.!,, each cu!ture (as ca+a.!e o-
ex+ressin a vie( o- the Creator that (as not a!(a,s +erverse even thouh it -!ourishe" in the mi"st
o- an aressive an" thorouh!, +erverse +aanism) 4or exam+!e, amonst the ear!, %ree/s (e
have in the Theogony o- @esio" 0Eth centur, BC2 an account o- the creation o- the (or!" that .ears
unmista/a.!e an" remar/a.!, c!ose simi!arities (ith the %enesis account'
84irst o- a!! the =oi" came into .ein ))) next Earth ))) Out o- the =oi" came "ar/ness )))an" out o- the
9iht came Biht an" Fa, )))8 072
An" ,et it is imme"iate!, o.vious u+on rea"in the (ho!e o- the Theogony that @esio" "i" not et
his in-ormation -rom the .oo/ o- %enesis) &his is evi"ent -rom his "e.ase" vie( o- the Creator
a!one) But even thouh @esio"8s "e.ase" vie( ma, have .een t,+ica!, an" in"ee" un"erstan"a.!e,
-or one (ho !ive" in a thorouh!, +aan societ,, it (as ., no means a vie( that (as share" ., a!!
his -e!!o( +aans) Geno+hanes, -or exam+!e, (ho !ive" some t(o centuries a-ter @esio", he!" an
a!toether !o-tier vie( o- the Creator an" in a most ins+irin +assae souht to re"ress the
theo!oica! .a!ance'
8@omer an" @esio" attri.ute" to the o"s a!! the thins (hich amon men are shame-u! an"
.!ame(orth, 5 the-t an" a"u!ter, an" mutua! "ece+tion)))HButI there is one %o", reatest amon
o"s an" men, simi!ar to morta!s neither in sha+e nor in thouht ))) he sees as a (ho!e, he thin/s as a
(ho!e, he hears as a (ho!e ))) A!(a,s he remains in the same state, chanin not at a!! ))) But -ar
-rom toi! he overns ever,thin (ith his min")8 0E2
Geno+hanes, t,+ica!!,, (ou!" have /no(n the names o- a!! the %ree/ o"s as (e!! as the mu!titu"e
o- -unctions that the, (ere thouht to serve) Yet, sini-icant!,, an" it is a most sini-icant +oint, he
"i" not attem+t to name or i"enti-, the %o" o- (hom he no( s+o/e an" (hom he c!ear!, a"mire")
&his %o" (as not a *eus or a @ermes) &his %o" (as ine--a.!e, an" @is ine--a.i!it, (as a conce+t
that (as to +ersist in %ree/ thouht -or as !on as %ree/ +hi!oso+h, itse!- (as to +ersist) &he
conce+t o- this ine--a.!e Creator %o" +ermeate" the thouht o- P!ato, -or exam+!e, (ho souht to
re+!ace @esio"8s +erverse conce+ts o- the Creation (ith a more reasona.!e one, .ase" no "ou.t
u+on +hi!oso+hica! conce+ts -ar more ancient than @esio"8s an" certain!, -ar more +ro-oun"'
8Bet us there-ore state the reason (h, the -ramer o- this universe o- chane -rame" it at a!!) @e (as
oo", an" (hat is oo" has no +artic!e o- env, in itC .ein there-ore (ithout env,, he (ishe" a!!
thins to .e as !i/e himse!- as +ossi.!e) &his is as va!i" a +rinci+!e -or the oriin o- the (or!" o-
chane as (e sha!! "iscover -rom the (is"om o- men)))8 072
9ote the echo -rom %enesis' 1And 2od sa that it as good.1 We ma, a!so note here that P!ato ha"
"iscovere" this conce+t -rom the (is"om o- +hi!oso+hers (ho ha" one .e-ore him, an" that it (as
there-ore not somethin that oriinate" in P!ato8s thouht a!one) We can sa, thouh that, (ith the
a"vent o- P!ato8s re-ine" an" care-u!!, reasone" mo"e! o- the Creation toether (ith his 0an"
Geno+hanes82 hiher conce+t o- the Creator, it (ou!" seem that the c!assica! %ree/ mo"e! o- oriins
(as chane" -or a!! time) 9ever aain (as it to revert to the "ivine ca+riciousness o- the man,
@esio"ic o"s -or an ex+!anation o- the universe) &he creationist conce+t o- the ancient (or!" (as
rather to .ecome, un"er P!ato8s ins+iration an" that o- his +u+i!s, more 8scienti-ica!!,8 an" !oica!!,
.ase", (ith its -irm .e!ie- in a sin!e an" a!miht, Creator) @o(ever, in its (a/e, somethin -ar
more serious than the ear!ier @esio"ic misconce+tion (as to occur)
6t is (ith some iron, that (hi!st the +hi!oso+hica!!, nurture" conce+t o- the Creator (as un"eroin
in ancient %reece such a +ro-oun" shi-t to(ar"s a reater a++reciation o- @is nature an" attri.utes,
there (as ta/in +!ace at the same time an" in the same !an" the .irth o- another an" hitherto
unhear" o- conce+t amonst the %ree/s, atheism) We sim+!, "o not /no( ho( atheism came to .e
.orn in ancient %reece, -or, as (e have seen, it (as virtua!!, an unhear" o- conce+t even in the most
+aan cu!tures o- the ancient (or!") But iven the timin o- its a"vent a!on (ith that o- a hiher
conce+t o- the Creator, (hich is o- an e:ua!!, m,sterious source historica!!, s+ea/in, it (ou!"
seem that the atheism o- ancient %reece (as conceive" to "irect!, o++ose the .ureonin conce+t
amonst the +hi!oso+hers o- a sin!e su+reme an" omni+otent Feit,) 6t is sini-icant, no "ou.t, that
no such conce+t as atheism arose ear!ier to "en, the !esser +aan o"s o- @esio"8s +hi!oso+h,) But
(ith its a"vent (e see the -irst .einnins o- the reat controvers, that (as to rae -or centuries
.et(een those (ho he!" to the no( reasona.!, arue" .e!ie- in a Creator, an" those (ho utter!,
"enie" it)
&ha!es o- 1i!etus 0ca 62555;5 BC2 is usua!!, cre"ite" (ith havin .een the -irst materia!ist
+hi!oso+her amon the %ree/s) But it is ver, "ou.t-u! that &ha!es (as a materia!ist at a!!) A!! that
(e /no( o- &ha!es comes to us throuh !ater (riters, Aristot!e the most nota.!e amonst them, an"
he sim+!, "escri.e" him as the 8-oun"er o- natura! +hi!oso+h,8) 0102 6t is u+on !itt!e more than the
strenth o- this one remar/ ., Aristot!e that the case aainst &ha!es rests) But aainst that must .e
set the a+horisms that are attri.ute" ., others to &ha!es, such as' 8O- existin thins, %o" is the
o!"est 5 -or he is unenerate")8 &he (or!" is the most .eauti-u!, -or it is %o"8s creation ))) 1in" is the
s(i-test, -or it runs throuh ever,thin)))8, 0112 an" so on) A!! o- (hich are c!assic creationist
sentiments)
But &ha!es "i" have a +u+i! name" Anaximan"er 0ca 61055;0 BC2, an" it is to him that (e must
!oo/ -or the -irst recorded cha!!ene to creationism -rom the materia!ist schoo!) We must .e care-u!,
thouh, in assumin Anaximan"er to have .een the ver, -irst materia!ist thin/er amonst the
%ree/s, -or the vie( he!" ., Anaximan"er (as nothin !ess than a -u!!, "eve!o+e" theor, o-
evo!ution) 4rom P!utarch8s +en (e hear Anaximan"er +ro+oun"in that, 8)))oriina!!,, humans (ere
.orn -rom anima!s o- a "i--erent /in"))) 8 0122 an" so on, the creative +rinci+!e that .rouht the
universe into existence .ein he!" to .e entire!, im+ersona! an" 8natura!8) &his arument, o- course,
has a some(hat -ami!iar rin to it in our o(n centur,, .ut (e must as/ ourse!ves (hether it is !i/e!,
that such a -u!!, -!e"e" evo!utionar, mo"e! o- oriins can have s+run -rom a sin!e min" an" in
such a mature state, es+ecia!!, -rom a thin/er (ho (as an imme"iate "isci+!e o- the creationist
&ha!es) Or is it more !i/e!, that, -or man, ,ears +rior to Anaximan"er, there (as at !east some /in"
o- materia!ist cha!!ene "eve!o+in +erha+s even un"erroun" amonst certain thin/ers in %reece,
an" that Anaximan"er sim+!, +!uc/e" the .aton -rom an un/no(n +re"ecessor8s han"A &he !a(s o-
the time suest stron!, that such (as the case, an" our /no(!e"e o- ?ust ho( the mo"ern
conce+t o- evo!ution (as nurture" an" "eve!o+e" ., a succession o- thin/ers across severa!
centuries, virtua!!, "eman"s that (e assume a simi!ar!, +ro!one" "eve!o+ment in %ree/ materia!ist
thouht)
&he evi"ence, such as it is, that is containe" in the !a(s o- ancient %reece aainst .!as+hem, an"
im+iet,, ma/es it certain that there (ere .!as+hemers an" im+ious men to .e !eis!ate" aainst, an"
such !a(s invaria.!, +rescri.e" "eath as the +ena!t, -or such a crime, the -amous Socrates himse!-
havin -ina!!, -a!!en -ou! o- such !a(s) An" P!ato, (ho (as !ater to "iscuss in "e+th exact!, ho( he
thouht the im+ious miht .e more e--ective!, !eis!ate" aainst in the i"ea! cit,5state, 01D2 +aints
-or us a +icture o- the con"ition o- thins in his o(n "a,, .ut s+ea/s o- the materia!ists as i- the,
(ere an un!i/e!, ne( .ree" o- thin/ers (ho ha" on!, ?ust arrive" on the scene'
8Some +eo+!e, 6 .e!ieve, account -or a!! thins (hich have come to exist, a!! thins (hich are
comin into existence no(, an" a!! thins (hich (i!! "o so in the -uture, ., attri.utin them either
to nature, art, or chance)8 01;2
)))oin on to te!! us ho( these thin/ers "e-ine the o"s as 8arti-icia! conce+ts8 an" 8!ea! -ictions8) @e
names the tren" -or (hat he thouht it to .e, a 8+ernicious "octrine8 that 8must .e the ruin o- the
,ouner eneration, .oth in the state at !are an" in +rivate -ami!ies8) 0152 #n-ortunate!,, P!ato
"ec!ines to name the thin/ers (ho (ere res+onsi.!e -or this state o- a--airs an" aainst (hom he is
conten"in) But this in turn on!, a""s strenth to the suestion that atheism as an i"ea (as more
enera!!, an" ancient!, he!", an" more (i"es+rea" amonst P!ato8s o(n contem+oraries, than either
the recor"s o- the time or P!ato himse!- (ou!" !ea" us to .e!ieve) But (hoever the, (ere, P!ato (as
to o--er them a mihti!, e--ective cha!!ene throuh his o(n re-ine" creationist mo"e! o- oriins, -or
(hatever the materia!ists +ro+ose", P!ato8s mo"e! (as o- a hiher conce+t a!toether) 4or him, the
Creator turne" chaos into or"er sim+!, .ecause it (as @is oo" nature, an" @is oo" +!easure, so to
"o) @e !ove" or"er rather than chaos, an" to ensure the maintenance o- that or"er ever,thin @e
create" (as ma"e accor"in to an eterna! an" -!a(!ess +attern, P!ato8s ?ust!, -amous &heor, o-
4orms) But the rea! im+ortance o- P!ato8s mo"e! o- oriins -or our en:uir, is that it e--ective!,
si!ence" the materia!ist schoo! -or the next -i-t, ,ears or so, that is unti! the time (hen E+icurus (as
to !a, "o(n his o(n counter5cha!!ene to the creationist mo"e!) Aristot!e ha" evi"ent!, a!rea",
attem+te" to -in" some mi""!e roun" .et(een the i"ea!ist P!ato an" his materia!ist o++onents, .ut
this "i" !itt!e or nothin to mo"i-, the sca!e o- the +hi!oso+hica! +rovocation o- (hat P!ato ha"
+ro+ose")
E+icurus -e!t .oun" to o++ose it, an" he !ai" "o(n his cha!!ene aroun" the c!ose o- the ;th centur,
BC (ith a cosmo!o, (hose e--ects (ere to rever.erate throuhout the comin 3oman (or!" -or
man, centuries to come) 6n"ee", it sti!! survives in the e!ements o- severa! mo"ern +hi!oso+hies)
&he cha!!ene issue" ., P!ato8s mo"e! o- oriins (as met ., E+icurus at ever, +oint, even on those
more mun"ane matters that ha" mere!, to "o (ith the cit,5state an" ?uris+ru"ence) But in +articu!ar,
E+icurus arue" that it (as insu--icient to conten" -or the "ivine creation o- the universe, as P!ato
"i", -rom the assum+tion o- a (e!!5or"ere" cosmos, sim+!, .ecause the cosmos, in E+icurus8 e,es,
(as not (e!!5or"ere") 0162 6t ha" cu!minate" -rom a !on, +erha+s in-inite, series o- acci"ents
resu!tin -rom the ran"om ?ost!in o- atoms) But then, ever the so+hist, E+icurus shre("!, shi-te"
the roun" a !itt!e so that an, re.utta! -rom the creationist cam+ (ou!" nee" to ta/e on .oar" an
a""e" com+!ication an" conse:uent!, .e more "i--icu!t to +ro+oun", -or in s+ite o- his una.ashe"
materia!ism, E+icurus (as care-u! to ac/no(!e"e the existence o- the o"s> @e re!eate" them to a
+!ace o- com+!ete ine--ectua!it, an" "isinterest in the cosmos, .ut he avoi"e" an outriht "enia! o-
their existence) A+art -rom the -act that he ha" to .e(are o- the sti!!5stan"in !a(s o- the time
aainst im+iet, an" .!as+hem,, E+icurus /ne( that outriht atheism is easi!, re-ute" ., an,
+hi!oso+her (ith an e,e -or controvers,, an" the -act that -e( men in an, ae are outriht atheists
an,(a, (ou!" ensure scant su++ort -or his vie(s) But, i- the existence o- the o"s is ac/no(!e"e"
at the same time in (hich the "ivine creation o- the universe is "enie", then the aruments aainst
the E+icurean vie( .ecome in-inite!, more com+!ex, a--or"in the materia!ist (ith the su.se:uent
a.i!it, to chane roun" at (i!!) Such so+histr,, o- course, (as entire!, in /ee+in (ith the
character o- E+icurus (ho (as roun"!, criticise" -or it on more than one occasion'
8E+icurus himse!- use" to "o the same thin) 4or instance, he sa( that i- those atoms o- his (ere
a!(a,s -a!!in "o(n(ar"s ., their o(n (eiht, their motion (ou!" .e -ixe" an" +re"etermine", an"
there (ou!" .e no room -or -ree (i!! in the (or!") So castin a.out -or a (a, to avoi" this
"eterminism, (hich Femocritus ha" a++arent!, over!oo/e", he sai" that the atoms, as the, -e!!, ?ust
swerved a !itt!e>8 0172
@o(ever, the ac/no(!e"ement o- the existence o- the o"s "i" have the virtue o- im+artin to
E+icurus contro! o- the -ie!" an" the a.i!it, to state the terms un"er (hich the ensuin controvers,
(as to .e -ouht) Or so he vain!, ho+e", -or -ar -rom seein creationism o-- the +rover.ia! -ie!",
E+icureanism mere!, serve" to ra!!, the creationist cam+ to(ar"s a .etter "e-inition o- its vie(s,
an" the schoo! o- thouht (hich raise" itse!- to meet the cha!!ene o- E+icurean materia!ism (as the
Stoic schoo!, -oun"e" ., *eno in ca D0E BC)
As events (ere to +rove, Stoicism (as to .ecome a ver, e--ective cha!!ene in"ee" in the +aan
(or!" aainst materia!ism in an, uise or -orm, an" that cha!!ene (as .rouht a.out ., a most
sini-icant "eve!o+ment) &his "eve!o+ment .ean (ith a -ar more +ro-oun" conce+t o- the Creator
than ha" hitherto +revai!e" in %ree/ thouht, (hether that o- @esio", o- Geno+hanes or even o-
P!ato) 6n"ee", the inci+ient an" !iht!, vei!e" atheism o- E+icurus8 +hi!oso+h, (as no( ans(ere"
., the Stoics in the most com+e!!in terms, (ith Chr,si++us ivin it +erha+s its most +ersuasive
voice'
86- there is an,thin in nature (hich the human min", (hich human inte!!ience, ener, an" +o(er
cou!" not create, then the creator o- such thins must .e a .ein su+erior to man) But the heaven!,
.o"ies in their eterna! or.its cou!" not .e create" ., man) &he, must there-ore .e create" ., a .ein
reater than man )))On!, an arroant -oo! (ou!" imaine that there (as nothin in the (ho!e (or!"
reater than himse!-) &here-ore there must .e somethin reater than man) An" that somethin must
.e %o")8 01E2
&his ma, .e a oo" +!ace to .rie-!, re-!ect u+on the some(hat m,sterious source o- such
en"earin!, +!ain !oic, a +!ainness o- !oic in"ee" that is :uite uncharacteristic o- %ree/
+hi!oso+h,) What +rocesses o- thouht can conceiva.!, have !e" -rom the rotes:ue +aro"ies o-
human corru+tion that one sees in the o!"er @esio"ic creation mo"e! o- the %ree/s amonst .eins
that +asse" -or 8o"s8, to the ma?estic an" un"enia.!, su.!ime conce+t o- a su+reme an" omni+otent
Feit, that (as no( .ein voice" ., Chr,si++us an" his co!!eauesA 0172 &he Christian -aith ha" ,et
to .e .orn, its in-!uence on %ree/ thouht sti!! !,in some centuries into the -uture) So cou!" it
+erha+s have .een throuh the aenc, o- the recent!, @e!!eniJe" Ke(s (ho, a!.eit the, horri-ie" the
ortho"ox o- their -aith ., min!in much o- Ku"aism (ith %ree/ thouht an" +ractices, un(ittin!,
carrie" (ith them into the %ree/ cam+ an inherent /no(!e"e o- the %o" o- %enesis in a /in" o-
theo!oica! &ro?an horseA &he ans(er is no, -or a+art -rom the -act that one can har"!, c!aim that
Ke(ish +hi!oso+hica! thouht (as an, !ess com+!ex an" so+histic than that o- the %ree/s, there are
a!so stron historica! an" chrono!oica! roun"s -or "en,in Ke(ish in-!uence in the s+here o-
%ree/ +hi!oso+h, at this +articu!ar +oint in histor,)
&he %ree/s, it a++ears, -irst ma"e contact (ith Ku"aism as ear!, as the ,ear 5E7 BC, (hen %ree/
mercenaries assiste" the armies o- 9e.ucha"neJJar o- Ba.,!on in the investin an" "estruction o-
Kerusa!em) A!on (ith the mercenaries, o- course, (ou!" have .een a sma!!er arm, o- civi! servants,
s+ies an" so on, man, o- (hom "urin the !on an" en-orce" hours o- !eisure "ou.t!ess s+ent their
time in +hi!oso+hica! "iscussion) But to suest that this (ou!" have inc!u"e" the ta/in on .oar"
o- Ke(ish thouht is :uite .e,on" the rea!ms o- +ro.a.i!it,) &he Ke(s (ere invaria.!, vie(e" (ith a
+oor!, "isuise" contem+t ., the %ree/s throuhout their centuries o- contact (ith one another, to
the extent that man, Ke(s -oun" it +o!itic to .ecome %ree/, or @e!!eniJe", in or"er to survive at a!!)
0202 &he +ersecution o- the Ke(s un"er Antiochus 6= E+i+hanes 0175516D BC2, an" his "etermine"
attem+t to ex+une the Ke(ish -aith a!toether, is +erha+s the most te!!in e+iso"e rear"in the
o-ten mutua! hosti!it, that existe" .et(een the ortho"ox o- either si"e) 6t has to .e a"mitte", o-
course, that the Ke(ish &orah, (hich natura!!, inc!u"e" the .oo/ o- %enesis, (as trans!ate" into
%ree/ in the ,ear 250 BC, some seventeen ,ears .e-ore Chr,si++us .ecame hea" o- the Stoic
schoo! in 2DD BC) But even the remar/a.!e trans!ation o- %enesis into %ree/ "i" not ta/e +!ace unti!
-i-t,5eiht ,ears a-ter the -oun"ation o- the Stoic schoo! ., *eno in D0E BC) So c!ear!, Stoicism as
a +hi!oso+h, o(e" nothin to the .oo/ o- %enesis, an" the +hi!oso+hica! +ath that the Stoics tro" in
or"er to arrive at their conc!usions must there-ore remain a m,ster, to us)
@o(ever, a+art -rom the ne( an" !o-t, conce+t voice" ., Geno+hanes, P!ato an" Chr,si++us o- the
Creator o- the universe, another conce+t (as to -o!!o( (hich, in the han"s o- Chr,si++us an" his
co!!eaues, (as to !en" the voice o- the Stoic schoo! an a!most irresisti.!e authorit,) 6t (as the
conce+t o- 8evi"ence -rom "esin8, an arument -or that "ivine!, ins+ire" intent an" +ur+ose (hich
(as o.serva.!e throuhout the universe an" (hich convince" the Stoic, as it convinces the
creationist o- to"a,, o- the scienti-ic an" +hi!oso+hica! correctness o- his mo"e!) 3e-ine" an"
.ri!!iant!, ex+resse" ., Pa!e, at the .einnin o- the !ast centur,, the im+ortance o- evi"ence -rom
"esin (as not !ost on ear!ier c!assica! theorists (ho (ere :uic/ to ive it its +ermanent settin in
the i"ea o- creationism) A !ater Stoic, the 3oman Cicero, (as to ive the conce+t +erha+s its hihest
ex+ression in +re5Christian times, an" his (or"s are (orth :uotin at a !itt!e !enth'
8When ,ou see a sun"ia! or a (ater5c!oc/, ,ou see that it te!!s the time ., "esin an" not ., chance)
@o( then can ,ou imaine that the universe as a (ho!e is "evoi" o- +ur+ose an" inte!!ience (hen
it em.races ever,thin, inc!u"in these arti-acts themse!ves an" their arti-icersA Our -rien"
Posi"onius as ,ou /no( has recent!, ma"e a !o.e (hich in its revo!ution sho(s the movements o-
the sun an" stars an" +!anets, ., "a, an" niht, ?ust as the, a++ear in the s/,) 9o( i- someone (ere
to ta/e this !o.e an" sho( it to the +eo+!e o- Britain or Sc,thia (ou!" a sin!e one o- those
.ar.arians -ai! to see that it (as the +ro"uct o- a conscious inte!!ienceA8 0212
With these .eauti-u!!, sim+!e (or"s, Cicero ives voice to an i"ea (hich even to"a, is the most
"i--icu!t -or the materia!ist to re-ute, -or it is nih im+ossi.!e to ex+!ain a(a, convincin!,, sa,, the
in"escri.a.!e com+!exit, o- !ivin oranisms, or even mere!, +arts thereo-, as the +ro"uct o- .!in"
chance or acci"ent) But Cicero (as not ?ust ivin voice to one o- creationism8s most -orce-u! i"eas
-or its o(n sa/e) @e (as "oin so ., (a, o- re-utin the E+icurean notions o- Bucretius, the 3oman
materia!ist +oet an" a contem+orar, o- his, (hose .oo/ 0222 Cicero mentions in a !etter to his
.rother Luintus in 4e.ruar, 5; BC, an" (hich he sa,s (as (ritten 8(ith man, hih!ihts o- enius,
.ut (ith much art8) 02D2 Cicero8s o(n "ia!oue, (n the 3ature o! the 2ods* (as (ritten some ten
,ears !ater in ca ;; BC s+eci-ica!!, as a re.utta! o- Bucretius, an" it is .et(een Cicero an" Bucretius
that the controvers, raes, (ith .oth si"es usin aruments (hich are sti!! ver, -ami!iar to us to"a,)
One o- those aruments concerne" the trust(orthiness or other(ise o- the senses (hen it comes to
"e"ucin the va!i"it, o- evi"ence -rom "esin) @o(, -or exam+!e, can (e .e sure that (e inter+ret
that evi"ence correct!, throuh our sensesA &his, -or the Stoic, (as the -ata! (ea/ness in the
E+icurean arument (hich, as Bucretius state" it, runs'
8&he nature o- +henomena cannot .e un"erstoo" ., the e,es)8 02;2
Bucretius sai" this not .ecause he .e!ieve" the e,es themse!ves to .e at -au!t, .ut .ecause it (as a
-ai!in o- the min" to +erceive thins correct!, or accurate!, throuh the senses) 6n -airness to
Bucretius, he "i" o on to :ua!i-, this statement, reconisin that this "ictum, thouh it a++eare" to
ans(er the creationist on a +hi!oso+hica! !eve!, cou!" not use-u!!, .e trans!ate" into ever,"a,
ex+erience, -or'
8&his is to attac/ .e!ie- at its ver, roots 5 to tear u+ the entire -oun"ation on (hich the maintenance
o- !i-e is .ui!t) 6- ,ou "i" not "are trust ,our senses so as to /ee+ c!ear o- +reci+ices an" other such
thins to .e avoi"e" an" ma/e -or their o++osites, there (ou!" .e a s+ee", en" to !i-e itse!-)8 0252
But such so+histr, (as to cut no ice at a!! (ith the Stoic Cicero) 6t smac/e" too much o- that s+ecia!
+!ea"in -or (hich Cicero, as an a"vocate in !a(, ha" !itt!e +atience) 4or i- our reasonin +o(ers
cou!" .e truste" to inter+ret (hat our senses (ere te!!in us on a "a, to "a, .asis (hen it came to
such vita! matters as +ersona! sa-et, an" surviva!, then the, cou!" sure!, .e truste" to inter+ret !ess
vita! +henomena such as evi"ence -rom "esin in the universe aroun" us, (hich s+o/e so e!o:uent!,
an" -orce-u!!, o- the universe havin .een create" ., an in-inite an" omni+otent inte!!ience) As a
creationist, the Stoic Cicero sim+!, cou!" not a++reciate the E+icurean vie(+oint o- Bucretius'
86n the heavens there is nothin acci"enta!, nothin ar.itrar,, nothin out o- or"er, nothin erratic)
Ever,(here is or"er, truth, reason, constanc, )))6 cannot un"erstan" this reu!arit, in the stars, this
harmon, o- time an" motion in their various or.its throuh a!! eternit,, exce+t as the ex+ression o-
reason, min" an" +ur+ose )))&heir constant an" eterna! motion, (on"er-u! an" m,sterious in its
reu!arit,, "ec!ares the in"(e!!in +o(er o- a "ivine inte!!ience) 6- an, man cannot -ee! the +o(er
o- %o" (hen he !oo/s u+on the stars, then 6 "ou.t (hether he is ca+a.!e o- an, -ee!in)8 0262
&o Cicero8s min", it (as the reatest iron, that a thin/er !i/e Bucretius (ho .!eate" most a.out his
unsha/ea.!e -aith in the innate +o(ers o- matter to create itse!- an" arrane itse!- into a meanin-u!
an" +ur+ose-u! or"er (ithout an, outsi"e ai" or in-!uence, -oun" himse!- una.!e to trust that same
matter (hen it came to +erceivin or even ex+!ainin this -act> 6t matters not, it seems, ho(
e!o:uent!, one ma, -u!minate aainst creationism, charin it (ith ever, su+erstition un"er the sun,
i- one then "ec!ares that the reasonin +o(ers o- him (ho so -u!minates cannot .e truste") Whether
ex+resse" in ancient times or in mo"ern, it is sti!! a case o- shootin onese!- in the +hi!oso+hica!
-oot, an" it has e--ective!, "isarme" the materia!ist cause at ever, turn) 6t .e"evi!e" the 1Eth centur,
En!ihtenment +hi!oso+her Favi" @ume, (hose +hi!oso+h, in a nutshe!! state" that it (as on!,
reasona.!e to .e!ieve in %o") But as (e /no( that %o" "oes not exist, then our reasonin +o(ers
cannot .e truste") What @ume, a!on (ith ever, other materia!ist +hi!oso+her, (as rea!!, tr,in to
sa,, o- course, (as that no one8s reasonin +o(ers cou!" .e truste" .ut his o(n, thus ma/in
himse!- the on!, sure +oint o- re-erence in the universe) But such (as the +hi!oso+hica! mess into
(hich this !e" him, that $ant, the inheritor o- @ume8s mant!e, once +ain-u!!, !amente" the -act that'
8)))it remains a scan"a! to +hi!oso+h, an" to human reason in enera! that the existence o- thins
outsi"e us must .e acce+te" mere!, on -aith, an" that i- an,one thin/s oo" to "ou.t their existence,
(e are una.!e to counter his "ou.ts ., an, satis-actor, +roo-)8 0272
9o creationist cou!" have ex+resse" the materia!ist8s "i!emma more concise!,, an" $ant has
hih!ihte" a +henomenon that has not on!, ensure" throuhout histor, that creationism (ou!"
a!(a,s ho!" the hiher roun" (hen it came to the ex+ression o- sim+!e !oic, .ut (hich a!so !e"
out o- sheer -rustration to the .irth an" riours o- the em+iricist schoo! o- thouht in the 1720s) But
there is another e!ement in the controvers, that has a!so +ersiste" "o(n the aes concernin the +art
that chance miht have +!a,e" in the success-u! arranement o- matter (hether animate or
inanimate) &he +aan %ree/s ha" ta/en the arument "o(n to the atomic !eve!, an" instea" o- the
"es+erate!, souht5a-ter sim+!icit, o- arranement that (as so necessar, to the materia!ist8s cause,
the, -oun" on!, a reater an" more min"5.o!in com+!exit,, (hich aain on!, a""e" to their
"i--icu!ties in attem+tin to ex+!ain the a!!ee"!, acci"enta! creation an" min"!ess existence o- the
universe) Aain, (e turn to Cicero -or a ?u"ment on the scene'
86s it not a (on"er that an,one can .rin himse!- to .e!ieve that a num.er o- so!i" an" se+arate
+artic!es ., their chance co!!isions an" move" on!, ., the -orce o- their o(n (eiht cou!" .rin
into .ein so marve!ous an" .eauti-u! a (or!"A 6- an,.o", thin/s that this is +ossi.!e, 6 "o not see
(h, he shou!" not thin/ that i- an in-inite num.er o- exam+!es o- the t(ent,5one !etters o- the
a!+ha.et, ma"e o- o!" or (hat ,ou (i!!, (ere sha/en toether an" +oure" out on the roun" it
(ou!" .e +ossi.!e -or them to -a!! so as to s+e!! out, sa,, the (ho!e text o- the Annals o- Ennius) 6n
-act 6 "ou.t (hether chance (ou!" +ermit them to s+e!! out a sin!e verse>8 02E2
9o( (here have (e hear" that ana!o, .e-oreA &his arument, (hich (as the 3oman e:uiva!ent
o- to"a,8s mon/e,s an" t,+e(riters ta++in out the (or/s o- Sha/es+eare, has en"ure" sim+!,
.ecause it has a!(a,s +rove" to .e unans(era.!e ., the materia!ist in an, .ut the most straine" an"
un!i/e!, terms) &houh even this arument (as har"!, ne( in Cicero8s "a,, .ut seems to have .een
mere!, +art an" +arce! o- the a!rea", ancient creationist armour, o- vexin +hi!oso+hica! :uestions
that the materia!ist cou!" never satis-actori!, ans(er)
&he E+icurean schoo!, throuh Bucretius, "i" attem+t8 to (rea/ a veneance o- sorts, -or Bucretius
(ent on to s+eci-, an i"ea that threatene" to +rovi"e a stum.!in5.!oc/ to c!assica! 0i)e) +aan2
creationism) Conce"in the -act that the materia!ist8s +erce+tion o- the universe (as marre"
some(hat ., the a!!ee" ina.i!it, o- human reason to +erceive correct!, the nature o- the +h,sica!
universe, Bucretius c!aime" that creationism !i/e(ise ha" a chin/ in its +hi!oso+hica! armour (hen
it came to ex+!ainin the earth8s +!ace in the universe) &he c!assica! +erce+tion o- the universe
amonst the %ree/s (as that it (as eocentric, the stars, +!anets an" ever,thin e!se revo!vin
aroun" a -ixe" an" immova.!e earth) An" Bucretius assume", (ron!,, that this (as crucia! to the
creationist vie() 6t ave a -ixe" +oint o- re-erence to the universe, an" it (as a +hi!oso+hica!
conce+t that a!!o(e" the teachin o- a.so!ute va!ues) Bucretius, there-ore, attem+te" to intro"uce a
more re!ativistic -rame(or/ ., c!aimin that the earth (as not -ixe" at a!!, .ut move" in an in-inite
s+ace that +ossesse" no centre) &his (as to counter the Stoic8s vie( o- a -inite universe (hose outer
.oun"s (ere e:ui"istant -rom the earth'
86t is a matter o- o.servation that one thin is !imite" ., another) &he hi!!s are "emarcate" ., air,
an" air ., the hi!!s) Ban" sets .oun" to sea, an" sea to ever, !an") But the universe has nothin
outsi"e to !imit it)8 0272
shre("!, oin on to ma/e his +oint that'
8&here can .e no centre in in-init,)8 0D02
With these !u"icrous!, sim+!e statements, Bucretius ha" +ut -or(ar" an i"ea that (as tru!,
revo!utionar, .ut -or (hich he has receive" scant ac/no(!e"ement -rom historians o- an, hue) @e
"i" not "eve!o+ the i"ea into that o- a strict!, he!iocentric universe, as Co+ernicus (as !ater to "o,
.ut he "i" "e+art ra"ica!!, even -rom the vie( o- his materia!ist co!!eaues, -or the, too he!" that
the earth (as -ixe" an" the universe revo!ve" aroun" it) Bucretius ha" ho+e" to ro. the creationist
cam+ o- the -inest (ea+on in its armour,, the arument -or an or"ere" an" hence "esine" universe,
., intro"ucin the conce+t o- ran"omness, aim!essness an" sheer re!ativism) But he (as
"isa++ointe", -or even his materia!ist +eers (ere una.!e to -o!!o( him "o(n that +articu!ar +ath)
6ronica!!,, this ha" nothin to "o (ith the -act that the %ree/s an" 3omans o- the time (ere
inorant in an, (a,) On the contrar,, the, (ere reat o.servers, an" the virtue o- the eocentric
mo"e! !a, in the -act that it com+!ie" (ith a!! the oserved -acts o- contem+orar, science) 6n"ee",
-e( theories in the histor, o- science have ever en?o,e" such over(he!min an" in"is+uta.!e +roo-s
as those (hich once race" eocentrism) An" that, in this +resent ae that virtua!!, (orshi+s the
conce+t o- em+iricism, has to .e one o- the reatest ironies o- a!!)
&o a"" to the iron,, an" contrar, to a!! ex+ectations -rom the materia!ist cam+, (hen the Co+ernican
revo!ution -ina!!, "i" arrive in the 16th centur,, it "i" not mean the en" o- creationism -or a ver,
oo" an" sim+!e reason) 6n creationist terms, it matters not a ?ot (hether the earth revo!ves aroun"
the sun or the sun aroun" the earth) 4or (hichever mo"e! o- the universe is the correct one, the
:uestion sti!! remains 5 Who create" itA @o( "i" it come into existence an" (hence came its
astonishin "eree o- or"er an" com+!exit,A &hese are :uestions that have .een as/e" ., men since
the .einnin o- time) An" one o- them, name" Buci!ius, ha" (or/e" out the ans(er -or himse!-
(ithout an, he!+ -rom either Christian or Ke(, attri.ute" the "esin, creation an" maintenance o- the
universe to that Creator (ho'
8)))is, as Ennius sa,s, Mthe -ather .oth o- o"s an" menM, a +resent an" a miht, %o") 6- an,one
"ou.ts this, then so -ar as 6 can see he miht ?ust as (e!! "ou.t the existence o- the sun) 4or the one
is as +!ain as the other) !nd if this were not clearly "nown and manifest to o#r intelligence$ the
faith of men would not have remained so constant, would not have deepened with the lapse of
time, and taken ever firmer root throughout the ages and the generations of mankind.' 0D12
0Em+hasis mine2
6t is Buci!ius8s 8enerations o- man/in"8 that no( must occu+, our attention, -or (ith his +ro-oun"
statement this +resent cha+ter must "ra( to a c!ose) But (hat Buci!ius (as re-errin to is the -act
that a!onsi"e even the ver, (orst as+ects o- +aanism in the ancient (or!", there (as +reserve" a
"e-inite /no(!e"e o- %o") &he va!ue o- this !ies in the -act that this /no(!e"e existe" 0an" sti!!
exists2 :uite in"e+en"ent!, o- %enesis ami"st cu!tures that (ere an" are entire!, antaonistic
to(ar"s the conce+t o- one %o", the Creator o- a!! thins) We sha!! no( encounter this same
/no(!e"e in the ear!, enea!oies an" historica! recor"s o- the ear!, +aan nations, an" note that
their testimon, is unex+ecte" to sa, the !east (hen (e consi"er (hat the mo"ernist schoo! has .een
c!aimin a!! these ,ears)

== *9E>
MAIN A!E """#creatio$is%#or&
#E?T @@


A-ter the 4!oo" 5 by Bill Cooper
CHAPTER
I
CHAPTER
II
CHAPTER
III
CHAPTER
IV
CHAPTER
V
CHAPTER
VI
CHAPTER
VII
CHAPTER
VIII
CHAPTER
IX
CHAPTER
X
CHAPTER
XI
CHAPTER
XII
CHAPTER
XIII
== *9E>
"The early post-flood history of
Europe traced back to Noah"
#E?T @@
C'ATER )
*here to +e&i$
@istor, has never .een so +o+u!ar) &he man in the street has never .een so (e!! in-orme" a.out his
+ast as he is to"a,) An" ,et it is a sa" an" unha++, -act that -or a!! that has .een sai", (ritten an"
.roa"cast a.out the ear!, an" more recent histor, o- man/in", there remains a ver, !are .o", o-
historica! evi"ence that is most!, +asse" over in si!ence ., to"a,8s scho!ars) An" .ecause it is
+asse" over ., to"a,8s scho!ars, it never reaches to"a,8s enera! +u.!ic) 6 sa, that this is sa" .ecause
it is not as i- this vast -un" o- /no(!e"e is har" to et at) On the contrar,, ever, -act that ,ou are
a.out to rea" is avai!a.!e to an,one (ho ta/es the trou.!e to !oo/) An" each -act can .e o.taine"
chea+!, enouh) 6t "oes not !ie in o.scure !i.raries a.out (hich no one has hear" or to (hich none
can ain access) 9or is it (ritten in !anuaes or scri+ts that cannot .e "eci+here") 6n"ee", scho!ars
have .een a(are o- the existence o- this vast .o", o- in-ormation -or man, ,ears) So (h, is it
+asse" over in such si!enceA
Wh, is it, -or exam+!e, that no mo"ern .oo/ on the ear!, histor, o- Britain oes .ac/ .e,on" the
,ear 55 BC, the ,ear (hen Ku!ius Caesar ma"e his -irst attem+t to inva"e these is!an"sA We ma,
rea" in such .oo/s o- this cu!ture or that +eo+!e, this stone ae or that metho" o- -armin) But (e
(i!! rea" o- no +articu!ar in"ivi"ua! or o- an, +articu!ar event .e-ore the ,ear 55 BC) &his has the
un-ortunate e--ect o- causin us to .e!ieve that this is .ecause there exists no (ritten histor, -or
those +re53oman times, an" that (hen the, !an"e" in Britain the 3omans encountere" on!, a .unch
o- i!!iterate savaes (ho ha" no recor"e" histor, o- their o(n) But our conc!usion (ou!" .e (ron,
-or (e (i!! see as our stu", +roresses that the Britons (hom the 3omans encountere" (ere, on the
a"mission o- the 3omans themse!ves, a +eo+!e (ho cou!" teach the 3omans a thin or t(o a.out
the -iner arts o- (ar-are, an" (ho !e-t a c!ear an" (ritten recor" o- themse!ves "atin .ac/ to the
ver, ear!iest ,ears o- their existence as a nation) &hese recor"s sti!! survive, an" (e sha!! .e
consi"erin them in some "etai!) We sha!! a!so .e examinin man, other ancient recor"s that
various +eo+!es have !e-t .ehin" them an" (e sha!! note (ith interest the stor, that is to!" ., each
one o- these "ocuments) 4ar more can .e /no(n a.out the ear!, recor"e" histor, o- man/in" than is
enera!!, a!!o(e", an" (hat is revea!e" ., this histor, is a stor, that is ver, "i--erent in"ee" -rom
the one that (e are use" to hearin) But (here to .einA
We must .ein our investiations (ith one o- the o!"est historica! "ocuments in the (or!") &his
"ocument com+rises the tenth an" e!eventh cha+ters o- the .oo/ o- %enesis an" is /no(n to
scho!ars as &he &a.!e o- 9ations) @o(ever, (hen 6 use the (or" 8"ocument8, it must .e un"erstoo"
that this in no (a, su.scri.es to the erroneous vie( +ro+aate" ., Ku!ius We!!hausen an" his
co!!eaues in the 17th centur, rear"in the much5vaunte" .ut sti!! -ashiona.!e 8"ocumentar,
h,+othesis8 o- .i.!ica! criticism) &hat h,+othesis (as "esine" to .e "estructive o- an, im+ression
that the %enesis recor" in +articu!ar (as a re!ia.!e source o- historica! in-ormation, (hereas the
o.?ective o- our +resent stu", !ies in entire!, the o++osite "irection) But it "oes reconise the -act
that the tenth an" e!eventh cha+ters o- %enesis consist o- a se!-5containe" unit o- in-ormation that is
com+!ete even i- rea" in iso!ation -rom the rest o- the %enesis account) 6n that sense, at !east, it
-orms a "ocument that (e ma, stu", in iso!ation) But ho( accurate is that "ocumentA 1ost scho!ars
to"a, (ou!" "enounce it as unre!ia.!e, an" some (ou!" "ismiss it -rom an, -urther "iscussion .,
attachin to it !a.e!s o- 8m,th8 an" 8+ious -iction8, -avourite terms amon mo"ernist scho!ars, thus
assurin their rea"ers that its stu",, an" es+ecia!!, -aith in its accurac,, is a (aste o- time) &hese
terms an" !a.e!s (i!! .ecome more -ami!iar to us as (e come across a reat man, extra5.i.!ica!
recor"s that su.stantiate rather than un"ermine the %enesis account, .ut their over5use ., certain
scho!ars has !e-t the "e-inite im+ression that the mo"ernist +rotests too much, an" (hen a++!ie" as
o-ten as the, are to so man, historica! recor"s, the, .ecome tire" an" meanin!ess +hrases that
conve, no in-ormation at a!!) &here is "ou.t!ess metho" in this aca"emic ma"ness, iven the
:uestion that i- %enesis cannot .e re!ie" u+on (hen it comes to statin accurate!, sim+!e historica!
-acts, then ho( can it .e re!ie" u+on (hen it comes to statin hiher truthsA But the over5use o-
such !a.e!s .ecomes (eansome an" u!timate!, meanin!ess, an" is o- no service (hatever to
hea!th, historica! research)
When a++!ie" to the &a.!e o- 9ations, this hea!th, historica! research ,ie!"s some sur+risin -acts,
sur+risin that is, in the !iht o- (hat most commentaries o to such reat !enths to assure us o-,
name!, that %enesis is not to .e truste" as accurate histor,) &his .ecame ver, c!ear (hen 6 -irst
.ean m, researches into the &a.!e o- 9ations, an" the nature o- those researches is as -o!!o(s)
@avin constructe" the &a.!e o- 9ations into a sim+!e enea!o,, 6 (ante" to see ho( man, o- its
names (ere atteste" in the recor"s o- other nations in the 1i""!e East, (hich inc!u"e" -or m,
+ur+oses a!! the nations o- 1eso+ota5mia, Ara.ia, E,+t, &ur/e, an" even %reece) 6t (as an
o.vious +roce"ure, .ut one that ha" not, as -ar as 6 (as a(are, .een con"ucte" .e-ore an" the
resu!ts +u.!ishe") 6 ha" a!rea", -oun" certain in"ivi"ua! names that (ere mentione" in scattere"
(or/s o- var,in merit, o-ten =ictorian, .ut the (ho!e ha" never .een athere" toether into one
cohesive stu",) An" so m, research .ean) Over the ,ears, !itt!e ., !itt!e, +ieces o- corro.orative
evi"ence came toether an" a +icture .ean to .ui!" u+ that revea!e" the tenth an" e!eventh cha+ters
o- %enesis to .e an astonishin!, accurate recor" o- events) &he &a.!e o- 9ations ha" !iste" a!! the
-ami!ies an" tri.es o- man/in" in their correct rou+ins, (hether those rou+ins (ere
ethno!oica!, !inuistic or eora+hica!) A!! the names, (ithout exce+tion, (ere accurate, an" in
more than t(ent,5-ive ,ears o- searchin an" ana!,sin, 6 uncovere" not one mista/e or -a!se
statement o- -act in the &a.!e o- 9ations)
6t has to .e sai" here that such a resu!t cou!" sim+!, not .e ex+ecte" or o.taine" -rom an,
com+ara.!e historica! "ocument, es+ecia!!, one as ancient as this) &he &a.!e o- 9ations em.races a
s(ee+in +anorama o- histor, that is not on!, tru!, vast in its content .ut uni:ue) 6ts !i/e sim+!,
"oes not exist) But as a sam+!e, (e sha!! here consi"er some o- the "escen"ants o- Ka+heth as the,
are !iste" in the &a.!e o- 9ations) 4or stu"ents (ho (ish to +ursue the matter in reater "e+th, 6
have set out in -u!! the three enea!oies o- Shem, @am an" Ka+heth (ith accom+an,in historica!
notices an" re-erences in A++en"ices 1, 2 an" D o- this +resent stu",) But in this cha+ter, a summar,
o- the corro.orative evi"ence that a++ears in the nations o- the 1i""!e East concernin the
"escen"ants o- Ka+heth, (i!! su--ice to sho( the tren" o- that evi"ence in vin"icatin the %enesis
account) 1oreover, the Ka+hetic !ine is the .rie-est in the &a.!e o- 9ations an" there-ore the !east
(earisome -or the enera! rea"er to -o!!o(, an" it a!so -orms the -oun"ation -or much e!se that
comes a-ter in this stu",)
&he Ka+hetic !ist in the &a.!e o- 9ations !oo/s !i/e this (hen set out as a conventiona! enea!o,'
B, (a, o- i!!ustration as to ho( contem+orar, recor"s vin"icate this statement o- %enesis, the
evi"ence -or the historica! rea!it, o- these +eo+!es !eane" -rom the recor"s o- the surroun"in
nations is summarise" as -o!!o(s, a!thouh 6 have avoi"e" (ear,in the rea"er ., +rovi"in
co+ious re-erences here) Such re-erences are to .e -oun" accom+an,in the historica! notices
+rovi"e" in A++en"ices 1, 2 an" D, an" 6 see no oo" reason -or c!utterin the text (ith -ootnotes at
this +articu!ar stae)
=er, .rie-!, then, as (e consi"er ?ust a -e( o- the names in the Ka+hetic !ist, (e -in" that in the
m,tho!o, o- the o!" (or!", Ka+heth (as rear"e" as the -ather o- man, +eo+!es, +articu!ar!, the
6n"o5Euro+ean nations) &he +aan %ree/s +er+etuate" his name as 6a+etos, the son o- heaven an"
earth an" aain the -ather o- man, nations) We -in" his name in the ve"as o- 6n"ia (here it a++ears
in Sans/rit as Pra5Ka+ati, 4ather Ka+heth, (ho (as "eeme" to .e the sun an" !or" o- creation, the
source o- !i-e in other (or"s -or those "escen"e" -rom him) Bater, the 3omans (ere to +er+etuate
his name as that o- Ku5Pater, 4ather Kove, !ater stan"ar"ise" to Ku+iter 0see A++en"ix 112) We sha!!
see a!so that the ear!, 6rish Ce!ts, the ear!, Britons an" other +aan Euro+ean races trace" the
"escent o- their ro,a! houses -rom Ka+heth, inc!u"in the Saxons (ho /ne( him as Scea- 0+r) shea-
or shai-2) An" a!! these +eo+!es, (e must remem.er, (ere +aans (hose /no(!e"e or even
a(areness o- the .oo/ o- %enesis (as non5existent)
%omer, the -irst son o- Ka+heth accor"in to %enesis, -oun"e" a +eo+!e /no(n to the ear!, %ree/s
as the Cimmerians (ho "(e!t on the shores o- the Cas+ian Sea) 4rom here, the, (ere !ater "riven
a(a, ., the E!amites) &he +ro+het EJe/ie!, "urin the time o- the Ca+tivit,, re-erre" to them as
those (ho "(e!t in the u++ermost +arts o- the north) &he, a++ear in Ass,rian recor"s as the
%imirra,a (hose "e-eat un"er /in Esarha""on is "u!, note") &he, a++ear a!so in the anna!s o- the
rein o- Ashur.ani+a! o- Ass,ria aroun" 660 BC)
&he +eo+!e o- AshchenaJ are -oun" in ear!iest times in Armenia, an" !ater Ke(ish (riters associate
them (ith the %ermanic races 0%ermanic Ke(s to this "a, are ca!!e" Ash/enaJim2) &he, a++ear a!so
in the 6th centur, BC recor"s o- Ass,ria as the As/uJa (ho a!!ie" themse!ves (ith the 1annai in a
revo!t aainst Ass,ria, an event a!so mentione" in Keremiah 051'272 (hose +ro+hec, inci"enta!!,
con-irms the i"entit, o- the As/uJa (ith the Ash/enaJim) &his +eo+!e (ere !ater /no(n to the
%ree/s as the Sc,thai, the Sc,thians o- @ero"otus) &he, ave their name to the !a/e an" har.our o-
Ascanius an" to the !an" o- Ascania) &hrouh Kose+hus (e can !ater trace them to the 3heinians)
&he "escen"ants o- 3i+hath ave their name to the 3i+haean mountain rane, (hich at one time
(as mar/e" ., ear!, cosmora+hers as the northernmost .oun"ar, o- the earth) &he name a++ears
in P!in,, 1e!o an" So!inus as 3i+haei, 3i+haces an" Pi+h!ataei res+ective!,) &he !ast o- these (ere
!ater ca!!e" Pa+h!aonians, as atteste" ., Kose+hus)
&oarmah8s ear!iest "escen"ants sett!e" in Armenia) 4ourteenth centur, BC @ittite "ocuments te!! us
o- &earama, a reion (here the, sett!e" (hich !a, .et(een Carchemish an" @aran an" (hich (as
overrun ., the 8enem, -rom 6su(a8, that is a +eo+!e -rom .e,on" the Eu+hrates) Saron 66 an"
Sennacheri. o- Ass,ria .oth mention their !ater cit, o- &i!ari5manu) &his !a, some thirt, mi!es east
o- +resent5"a, %urun in &ur/e,, an" (as "estro,e" in 675 BC) Kose+hus /ne( the "escen"ants o-
&oarmah as &hruramma)
))) an" so on) &hus it comes a.out that, throuhout the entire &a.!e o- 9ations, (hether (e ta!/
a.out the "escen"ants o- Shem, @am or Ka+heth, ever, one o- their names is -oun" in the recor"s o-
the ear!, surroun"in nations o- the 1i""!e East, even the man, o.scure names o- certain remote
Ara. tri.es that are other(ise not evi"ent in an, mo"ern histor, .oo/ o- the times, an" enouh is
avai!a.!e -or a "etai!e" histor, to .e (ritten a.out them) 6t is a +henomenon o- immense
im+!ications) &hese recor"s (ere most!, (ritten 0an" then !ost unti! their re"iscover, in mo"ern
times2 "urin the O!" &estament +erio", "urin (hich time man, o- the +eo+!es mentione" in them
ha" vanishe" a!toether -rom the historica! scene or ha" .een assimi!ate" into other more +o(er-u!
nations an" cu!tures) Even those (ho retaine" their nationa! or tri.a! i"entities soon !ost a!! trace
an" memor, o- their o(n .einnins an" (ent on to invent -antastic accounts o- ho( the, came to
.e) 6n"ee", the ver, ear!, emerence o- such m,tho!oica! invention an" the excee"in!, ra+i"
ro(th o- +aanism is a ver, te!!in +oint in"ee" aainst the mo"ernist notion that %enesis is a !ate
com+osition, -or man, o- the names recor"e" (ith such astonishin accurac, in the &a.!e o-
9ations, ha" "isa++eare" -rom the historica! scene man, centuries .e-ore the time in (hich
mo"ernism (ou!" sa, that the &a.!e o- 9ations (as (ritten) &he &a.!e o- 9ations, it thus seems, is
a ver, ancient "ocument in"ee")
6n time, o- course, the true histories o- severa! o- these ear!, nations .ecame o.scure" .e,on" a!!
reconition) Kose+hus (as iven oo" cause to com+!ain that this ha" ha++ene" to the %ree/s o- his
o(n "a,, an" he !amente" the -act that ., o.scurin their o(n histor,, the, ha" o.scure" the
histories o- other nations a!so) 012 Yet ., no means a!! o- the ear!, nations (ere to -o!!o( this +ath)
We sha!! see that man, /e+t an accurate recor" "o(n the centuries o- their .einnins an" (rote
"o(n the names o- their -oun"in +atriarchs, .rinin the recor"s u+ to "ate (ith the a"vent o- each
ne( eneration, an" it is these recor"s that +rovi"e us (ith such a sur+risin !in/ .et(een the
ancient +ost54!oo" era "e+icte" in %enesis an" the histor, o- more mo"ern times) &hese !ists, anna!s
an" chronic!es have .een +reserve" an" transmitte" -rom eneration to eneration not ., the
nations o- the 1i""!e East this time, .ut ., certain Euro+ean +eo+!es -rom times that !on +re5"ate"
the comin o- Christianit,, an" it is most im+ortant that (e remem.er the +re5Christian as+ect o-
much o- the -o!!o(in evi"ence, -or it is too easi!, an" too o-ten a!!ee" ., mo"ernist scho!ars that
these recor"s are the inventions o- ear!, Christian mon/s an" are there-ore (orth!ess) Such c!aims
o- -rau" (i!! .e examine" in "etai!, +articu!ar!, (ith rear" to the recor"s that the ear!, Britons
have !e-t us an" (hich are omitte" in their entiret, -rom mo"ern histor, .oo/s, the me"ia an" the
c!assroom)
When (e consi"er the tru!, vast .o", o- evi"ence -rom the 1i""!e East that is convenient!,
inore" in mo"ernist commentaries on the .oo/ o- %enesis, such (ho!esa!e omission (i!! a++ear as
har"!, sur+risin) Yet +erha+s the rea"er is una(are o- the sheer sca!e o- this omission, -or the
recor"s o- the ear!, Britons, an" that8s not countin the 6rish Ce!tic, Saxon an" continenta! recor"s
(hich (e sha!! a!so .e examinin, cover not ?ust a +articu!ar +hase o- histor,, .ut s+an more than
t(o thousan" ,ears o- it) 6 cannot thin/ o- an, other !iterate nation on earth that has manae" to
o.!iterate -rom its o(n histor, .oo/s t(o thousan" ,ears or more o- recor"e" an" "ocumente"
histor,) 9ot even the censors o- Sta!inist 3ussia or 1aoist China in their viorous he,5"a, (ere this
e--ective, or even nee"e" to .e this e--ective, in "octorin their o(n o--icia! accounts) So ho( "i"
this extraor"inar, circumstance come a.out, an" (ho is res+onsi.!e -or itA
B, (a, o- a re-reshin chane, (e cannot !a, the .!ame entire!, at the "oor o- those evo!utionar,
=ictorian an" !ater e"ucationa!ists an" +hi!oso+hers (ho !ai" the -oun"ations o- our mo"ern
curricu!a) &he, are sure!, to .!ame -or much e!se that is amiss, .ut this time the stor, .eins !on
.e-ore their ae an" in-!uence) 6t .eins, in -act, (ith the c!osin ,ears o- the 6th centur, AF an"
the arriva! on these shores o- Auustine, the 3oman Catho!ic .isho+ (hose ?o. it (as to .rin the
British 6s!es un"er the +o!itica! s(a, o- the 3oman +onti-) &he stor, is (e!! /no(n -rom Be"e et al
ho( the British Christians (ho (ere here to reet Auustine "ec!ine" his "eman" that the, +!ace
themse!ves un"er the 3oman authorit,, an" (ere !ater massacre" -or their re-usa! at Banor, t(e!ve
hun"re" o- the -inest scho!ars an" mon/s o- their "a, .ein +ut to the s(or") 4rom that "a, on there
existe" an animosit, .et(een the Britons 0We!sh2 an" the +a+ac, that (as to -erment throuhout
the ear!, to !ate 1i""!e Aes, on!, to cu!minate in the eventua! ex+u!sion o- the +a+a! authorit,
-rom the rea!m o- En!an" un"er /in @enr, =666, (ho (as sini-icant!, himse!- o- We!sh &u"or
stoc/) But the ear!, ascen"anc, o- the Saxons meant that a!! recor"e" histor, o- the Britons (as
consine" to o.!ivion as -ar as historians an" chronic!ers (ere concerne", (ith on!, 3oman, Saxon
an", !ater, 9orman accounts o- events .ein tauht an" +romu!ate" in schoo!s throuhout the !an")
&he recor"e" histor, o- the ear!, Britons (as to remain in o.!ivion -or the -ive hun"re" ,ears that
-o!!o(e" the massacre at Banor) But then an inci"ent occurre" that ensure" its reviva! an" surviva!
to the +resent "a,, even thouh that reviva! (as itse!- to !ast on!, a matter o- a -urther -ive hun"re"
,ears or so)
&he inci"ent, (hich occurre" sometime in the 11D0s, (as the +resentation o- a certain .oo/ to a
British 0i)e) We!sh2 mon/ ., an arch"eacon o- Ox-or") &he mon/8s name (as %eo--re, o-
1onmouth, the arch"eacon (as Wa!ter o- Ox-or", an" the .oo/ (as a ver, ancient, +ossi.!,
uni:ue, co+, o- the recor"e" histor, o- the ear!, Britons, (ritten in !anuae so archaic that it
nee"e" to .e trans!ate" :uic/!, into Batin .e-ore either the .oo/ +erishe" or the !anuae (as
-orotten) 9o(, one (ou!" thin/ that such a rare event (ou!" enerate reat interest amonst
scho!ars o- a!! hues) Yet even to"a,, in our su++ose"!, im+artia! an" in:uirin ae, the mere
mention o- %eo--re, o- 1onmouth (i!! usua!!, .rin an aca"emic smir/ to the -ace o- scho!ars)
3ea" an, artic!e to"a, a.out him an" ,ou (i!! .e sure to come across statements to the e--ect that
his reat (or/, 0istoria Regis% Britanniae* or 0istory o! the /ings o! Britain* is at .est unre!ia.!e
-iction, an" that %eo--re, himse!- is an unscru+u!ous !iar an" -orer) 022 We (ou!" "o (e!! to as/
ourse!ves (hat it is that cou!" +rovo/e such unscho!ar!, !anuae)
6t is o-ten c!aime", in "ismissin %eo--re,8s (or/, that it contains errors) Yet, as an, historian (orth
his sa!t (i!! te!! ,ou, i- (e re?ecte" histories in enera! on that account, (e shou!" soon .e !e-t
(ithout an, histor, at a!!) But it is then c!aime" that %eo--re,8s su++ose" oriina! .oo/ no !oner
exists an" that there-ore %eo--re, must have .een !,in (hen he c!aime" to have trans!ate" such a
.oo/) @o(ever, it is excee"in!, rare -or the oriina! manuscri+t or source5materia! o- an, ear!,
historica! (or/ to have survive") 6n -act, 6 +ersona!!, am not a(are o- one instance (here this has
occurre") 6t is -urther c!aime", an" this c!aim is sini-icant inasmuch as it can at !east .e teste", that
nothin !i/e %eo--re,8s 0istoria is to .e -oun" amonst the survivin cor+us o- me"ieva! We!sh
!iterature) 0D2 &he sur+risin ans(er to this is that not on!, "oes the same historica! materia! survive
in We!sh -rom me"ieva! times, it survives in no !ess than -i-t,5eiht manuscri+t co+ies) &hese are
!iste" in A++en"ix ;, .ut (e ma, note here that there are not ver, man, me"ieva! We!sh
manuscri+ts in existence an" -i-t, eiht o- them "oes constitute a rather !are +ercentae o- the
survivin cor+us) &he c!aim is there-ore sus+icious as it is har"!, !i/e!, that scho!ars (ho have
ma"e this -ie!" their !i-e8s (or/ cou!" have misse" them or have remaine" -or !on in inorance o-
their existence or contents) 6n"ee", the manuscri+ts are -ree!, avai!a.!e to an, (ho care to stu",
them, so (h, is even the ac/no(!e"ement o- their ver, existence such anathema to the mo"ernist
min"A
&he ans(er to this !ies in (hat these ear!, recor"s te!! us a.out our +ast) As (e sha!! see, it is an
account that -!ies entire!, in the -ace o- ever,thin that (e are tauht no(a"a,s a.out (here (e
come -rom, an" it ma/es -ascinatin rea"in) But %eo--re, o- 1onmouth (as not the on!, me"ieva!
We!sh scho!ar to transmit to us the historica! recor"s o- the ear!, Britons) @e (as +rece"e" .,
another, 9ennius ., name, an", .ecause 9ennius +asse" "o(n to us the contents o- recor"s more
ancient even than %eo--re,8s chronic!e, (e sha!! .ein our excursion into the histor, o- the ear!,
Britons (ith him)
== *9E>
MAIN A!E """#creatio$is%#or&
#E?T @@

A-ter the 4!oo" 5 by Bill Cooper
CHAPTER
I
CHAPTER
II
CHAPTER
III
CHAPTER
IV
CHAPTER
V
CHAPTER
VI
CHAPTER
VII
CHAPTER
VIII
CHAPTER
IX
CHAPTER
X
CHAPTER
XI
CHAPTER
XII
CHAPTER
XIII
== *9E>
"The early post-flood history of
Europe traced back to Noah"
#E?T @@
C'ATER ,
Ne$$ius a$d the Table of Europea$ Natio$s

86, 9ennius, +u+i! o- the ho!, E!vo"u, 012 have un"erta/en to (rite "o(n some extracts that the
stu+i"it, o- the British cast outC -or the scho!ars o- the is!an" o- Britain ha" no s/i!! )))6 have
there-ore ma"e a hea+ o- a!! that 6 have -oun"))) ,8 022
With these (or"s, 9ennius o+ens his reat .oo/, Historia Brittonum - the 0istory o! the Britons. 6t
(ou!" .e "i--icu!t to overstate the immensit, o- 9ennius8 achievement an" his contri.ution to our
un"erstan"in o- ancient histor,) An", (ere (e not -ami!iar (ith the -ashions o- to"a,, it (ou!" .e
e:ua!!, "i--icu!t to account -or the "is+araement that his name has su--ere" amonst mo"ernist
scho!ars in unrate-u! return -or his !a.ours) @is achievement (as the atherin toether o- a!! the
extant recor"s touchin on the oriins o- the Britons that he cou!" -in" an" (hich he then set "o(n
into one .oo/!et (as a time o- "aner -or the Britons as a nation an" -or the recor"s themse!ves, an"
(ere it not -or his !a.ours, the immensit, o- (hich (e can on!, uess at, recor"s that (ere
irre+!acea.!e (ou!" have .een !ost to us -orever) 1orris8 trans!ation o- 9ennius, (hich o+ens this
+resent cha+ter, im+!ies that the British o- the time (ere stu+i" in the sense o- .ein inte!!ectua!!,
"u!!) But in this context, the (or" hebitudo (hich 9ennius use", suestin somethin that has
.een ma"e .!unt or "u!! an" (hich 1orris ren"ers 8stu+i"it,8, (ou!" +erha+s .etter .e trans!ate" as
com+!acenc, or !ethar,, the moo" o- the Britons that -o!!o(e" in the (a/e o- the massacre o- the
mon/s at Banor) &he +ro-oun" cu!tura! shoc/ o- seein their -inest scho!ars an" s+iritua! !ea"ers
massacre" ., su++ose"!, -e!!o( Christians at the instiation o- a 3oman .isho+ no !ess, (ou!"
have !e-t a ver, "ee+ (oun" in"ee", an" it is this state o- min" amonst the Britons or We!sh that
9ennius !aments an" (hich !e" to the ne!ect an" !oss o- man, recor"s an" .oo/s) &he, 8ha" no
s/i!!8 &nulla% peritia% habuerunt,* .ecause !earnin ha" +ractica!!, cease" amonst them) @ence
9ennius8 su""en an" urent atherin toether o- a!! that remaine")
9ennius com+!ete" his (or/ to(ar"s the ver, en" o- the Eth centur, AF an" the sources that he
athere" (ere man, an" varie") &he, inc!u"e" certain items o- histor, that ha" .een im+arte" to
him ., 6rish scho!ars) &hen come the 1Annals o! the Ro%ans1* 14he -a) another e5planation1* an",
!a+sin into his native We!sh, he then te!!s us that a no.!e e!"er name" Cuana ha" com+i!e" a
British enea!o, -rom a certain 3oman 0i)e) Batin2 chronic!e) 0D2 @e (as ha++, to re!, on ora!
histor, too, :uite unashame"!, "escri.in one such item as .ein 8in the (ritin o- the (riter8s
min"8) 0;2 But one o- the rea!!, im+ortant as+ects o- his contri.ution in a!! this, is that 9ennius
ma"e no a++arent attem+t to e"it his sources or even correct some o- their o.vious "iscre+ancies)
@a" he "one so, then it (ou!" have .een "i--icu!t -or us to assess the actua! an" oriina! contents o-
the recor"s consu!te" ., 9ennius, an" "istinuish these -rom (hat (as 9ennius8 o(n, +erha+s
mista/en, i"eas a.out them) 6nstea", 9ennius mere!, co+ie" "o(n his sources an" +asse" them on
to us, historica! (arts an" a!!, so that (e cou!" ma/e o- them (hat (e (ou!")
A -e(, .ut on!, a ver, -e(, o- the recor"s +reserve" ., 9ennius, are a"mitte"!, o- "ou.t-u! :ua!it,
an" re!ia.i!it,) But amonst them is one o- the most im+ortant "ocuments -rom the ancient (or!"
that cou!" have come into our +ossession) 6t is set "o(n in cha+ters 17 an" 1E o- 0istoria
Brittonu% 0-or the Batin text o- these cha+ters, (ith trans!ation, see A++en"ix 5 o- this .oo/2, an" it
recor"s the "escent o- a consi"era.!e num.er o- ear!, Euro+ean nations) 6t is !ai" out as a
conventiona! enea!o, in (hat -o!!o(s)
6t is instructive to com+are 9ennius8 &a.!e o- Euro+ean 9ations 0as 6 !i/e to ca!! it2 (ith A++en"ix D
o- this .oo/, the enea!o, o- the nations o- Ka+heth as recor"e" in %enesis) 9ennius8 source an"
%enesis are in remar/a.!e areement (ith one another, ,et 9ennius a""s "etai!s that are not
inc!u"e" in %enesis, -or the natura! an" o.vious reason that the %enesis account is necessari!, .rie-)
%omer 012, -or exam+!e, is mere!, cite" ., 9ennius as .ein the ancestor o- the %au!s, 9ennius
omittin entire!, the names o- %omer8s three imme"iate "escen"ants, AshchenaJ, 3i+hath an"
&oarmah that are inc!u"e" in %enesis) 0Wou!" he have omitte" these i- he (ere mere!, co+,in
straiht -rom %enesis itse!-A2 @e cites 1ao 022 as the ancestor o- .oth the Sc,thians an" the
%oths, an" 1a"ai 0D2 as the -oun"er o- the 1e"es) So -ar so oo") But it is -rom this +oint that the
"ocument -rom (hich 9ennius (as (or/in, sho(s one or t(o te!!5ta!e sins o- the 0a!.eit
remar/a.!, !itt!e2 "istortion that it has su--ere" in transmission, (hether ora! or (ritten)
4or exam+!e, an" as (e sha!! note in A++en"ix D, &u.a! 0;2 (as the -ather o- a +eo+!e /no(n to the
Ass,rians as the &a.a!i, (hose !an", &a.a!, 0+resent5"a, %eoria in (hat use" to .e the #SS3,
(hose mo"ern ca+ita! &.!isi +er+etuates the name o- &u.a!2, !a, a"?acent to that o- the .i.!ica!
&oarmah, 0Ass,r) &earama2) 4rom 9ennius, ho(ever, comes the a""e" "etai! that -rom &u.a!
came the 6.erian, the S+anish an" the 6ta!ian races) An" this receives at !east +artia! su++ort -rom
Kose+hus, (ho (rote some seven hun"re" ,ears .e-ore 9ennius, that &u.a! (as the -ather o- the
&ho.e!ites, /no(n) as 6.erians in his o(n "a,) 052 An" as Kose+hus ma/es no mention o- either the
S+anish or 6ta!ian races, nor ,et the' "escent o- the %oths -rom 1ao, 9ennius (as c!ear!, not
co+,in -rom him)
Bi/e(ise, 9ennius8 source cites 1eshech 052 as the -ather o- the Ca++a"ocians 0see A++en"ix 1'10
an" 2'1E 5 the Ca+htorim2, an error that a!so a++ears in Kose+hus) 6t is "ou.t-u! thouh that Kose+hus
oriinate" these errors, sim+!, .ecause he (as himse!- (or/in -rom much o!"er sources) &he
con-usion, ho(ever, (as easi!, .rouht a.out, -or the name o- the Semitic +eo+!e o- 1ash in
%enesis, is a!ternate!, ren"ere" 1eshech in 1 Chronic!es) C!ear!, the t(o, the Semitic +eo+!e o-
1eshech an" the Ka+hetic +eo+!e o- 1eshech, (ere con-use" (ith one another even in c!assica!
times, an" it (as u+on the recor"s o- the c!assica! (or!" that .oth Kose+hus an" 9ennius re!ie"
rather than u+on an, mere co+,in o- the %enesis recor")
Other exam+!es o- "istortion 0a!.eit sti!! o- a minor nature2 are seen in that the %oths are sho(n to
have .een "escen"e" -rom .oth 1ao 022, the .i.!ica! +atriarch, an" -rom Armenon, the son o-
A!anus) Armenon himse!- is state" to have ha" -ive sons, ,et on!, -our are name") 04ive nations are
!ater sho(n to have "escen"e" -rom him)2 Simi!ar!,, 9eue is state" to have three sons, ,et -our
nations "erive -rom him) &he sini-icance o- a!! this is that 9ennius cou!" easi!, have e"ite" out or
correcte" these +oints, there., enhancin his o(n cre"i.i!it,, ,et he chose to sim+!, !eave them as
the, are) An" it is this that, a!most +ara"oxica!!,, enhances his stan"in as a trust(orth, an" re!ia.!e
historian, an" it -urther assures us that (e are rea"in these excee"in!, ancient "ocuments exact!,
as 9ennius rea" them)
4rom A!anus on(ar"s a++ears a com+rehensive ta.!e o- the nations o- Euro+e) One or t(o o- these
names (ere archaic even in 9ennius8 time an" (ou!" !on have -a!!en into "isuse) &he, are a!!,
ho(ever, -ami!iar to an, historian to"a, (hose stu"ies have touche" u+on the histor, o- Euro+e at
a.out the time o- the 3oman Em+ire) 4or severa! centuries, it seems, Euro+e (as a seethin
cau!"ron as nation vie" (ith nation in a .e(i!"erin arra, o- miration, invasion an" "is+!acement)
Yet not one o- the names in this !ist o- nations is historica!!, unatteste", not even that o- the
un!i/e!,5soun"in %e+i"s)
@o(ever, there is one +articu!ar as+ect o- this ta.!e that shou!" .e "ra(n em+hatica!!, to the
rea"er8s attention, .ecause it is a matter o- immense sini-icance, a matter moreover that seems to
have entire!, esca+e" the notice o- mo"ernist scho!ars) 6t is the a++earance o- ?ust -our names in the
ear!, section o- the enea!o,) But this is not the on!, occasion on (hich (e meet (ith them) &he,
a++ear a!so in the +atriarcha! enea!o, o- the ear!, 6rish5Ce!ts, an" their chrono!oica! sini-icance
is ?ust as reat as their ethnic sini-icance)
&he names in the British account are' 6o.aath, Baath, 6Jrau an" EJra)
But notice their +osition in the enea!o,) &he, occu+, the -our enerations imme"iate!, -o!!o(in
Kavan, the son o- Ka+heth) When (e !ater come to consi"er the enea!o, o- the 6rish5Ce!ts, (hich
has .een constructe" -rom entire!, "i--erent sources, (e sha!! see that these same names occu+,
simi!ar +!aces, exce+t that there the, are "escen"e" -rom 1ao, not Kavan, an" Baath is "e+icte"
as the e!"er .rother, an" not the son, o- 6o.aath)
&heir names ta/e the ear!, 6rish -orms o-' Ko.hath, Biath, Easru an" Sru, reconiJa.!, the same
names as iven in the British ta.!e)
@o(ever, it is the chrono!oica! +osition o- those +articu!ar names in these ancient enea!oies that
+rovi"es a stri/in con-irmation o- the %enesis account) 6n the .oo/ o- %enesis, (e see that the
"is+ersa! o- the nations -rom Ba.e! too/ +!ace "urin the -i-th eneration a-ter the 4!oo") An" here
(e are +resente" (ith the names o- -our successive enerations o- +atriarchs (ho (ere common to
the recor"e" ancestr, o- .oth the British an" 6rish Ce!ts) 062 A-ter the -i-th eneration, the !ines o-
the British an" 6rish Ce!ts "iversi-,, exact!, in accor"ance (ith the historica! movement o- the
nations as "e+icte" in %enesis) A!! o- (hich is a strane occurrence in "ocuments that are not on!,
"ra(n -rom entire!, in"e+en"ent ancient sources, .ut (hich the mo"ernist schoo!, i- the, care" to
mention them at a!!, (ou!" have us .e!ieve are -ictitious)
9ennius te!!s us that he -oun" the a.ove recor" in 8the ancient .oo/s o- our e!"ers8 &Aliud
e5peri%entu% inuern ))) e5 ueteri bus libris ueteru% nostroru%,* an" (e nee" no( to esta.!ish (hen
this ancient "ocument (as (ritten) 6t is crucia! to esta.!ish this, .ecause !eavin the :uestion o+en
(ou!" a!!o( the -ami!iar an" ., no( (earisome chare to .e ma"e that it (as -ore" ., Christian
mon/s as an act o- 8+ious -rau"8) &o sett!e the matter (e (i!! no( examine the (or/ o- %eo--re, o-
1onmouth (ho, !i/e 9ennius, (as a We!sh mon/ an" (ho !ive" some three hun"re" ,ears a-ter
him) &he im+ortance o- %eo--re,8s (or/ !ies in the -act that he carrie" the stor, -or(ar" -rom (here
9ennius !e-t o--, an" it is the a.un"ance o- interna! an" externa! evi"ence -rom %eo--re,8s .oo/ that
(i!! ena.!e us to assess the ae, an" thus the authenticit,, o- 9ennius8 ear!ier materia!)
== *9E>
MAIN A!E """#creatio$is%#or&
#E?T @@


A-ter the 4!oo" 5 by Bill Cooper
CHAPTER
I
CHAPTER
II
CHAPTER
III
CHAPTER
IV
CHAPTER
V
CHAPTER
VI
CHAPTER
VII
CHAPTER
VIII
CHAPTER
IX
CHAPTER
X
CHAPTER
XI
CHAPTER
XII
CHAPTER
XIII
== *9E>
"The early post-flood history of
Europe traced back to Noah"
#E?T @@
C'ATER -
The Chro$icles of the early +rito$s
%&f God will$ at an other apter tyme and in more apt place$ marveilo#s agreement of the
historyes of !nti'#ity and great #nloo"ed for light and credit will e restored to the (riginalls
of Br#t#s)))%
0Kohn Fee 1577)
Cotton 1S) =ite!!ius) c) vii) - 206v2
On We"nes"a, 7th 9ovem.er 1717, 4!in"ers Petrie, a reno(ne" archaeo!oist o- the "a,, a""resse"
the assem.!e" mem.ers o- the British Aca"em,) @e (as to +resent a +a+er to them entit!e"
3egle#ted British 0istory* 012 in (hich he "re( attention to the -act that a consi"era.!e .o", o-
historica! "ocumentar, source5materia! (as .ein over!oo/e" i- not (i!!-u!!, inore" ., mo"ern
historians) @e "re( -!eetin attention to the (or/ o- %eo--re, o- 1onmouth an" then home" in on
one +articu!ar recor" that she" much !iht u+on %eo--re,8s too5"is+arae" histor,) &he ancient .oo/
to (hich he "re( attention (as /no(n to him as the 4ysilio Chroni#le* (hich is !iste" to"a, as
6esus College M7 -89 an" is !o"e" in the Bo"!eian Bi.rar,, Ox-or") 6t is (ritten in me"ieva!
We!sh, an" is, as its co!o+hon revea!s, 022 a trans!ation that (as commissione" ., the same Wa!ter
o- Ox-or" (ho commissione" %eo--re, o- 1onmouth to trans!ate a certain ver, ancient British
.oo/ into Batin) 6t is, in -act, a trans!ation -rom ear!, British into me"ieva! We!sh o- the same
source5materia! use" ., %eo--re,, an" is an ans(er to a!! those !earne" critics (ho have state" (ith
such em+hasis over the ,ears that %eo--re, o- 1onmouth (as !,in (hen he c!aime" to have
trans!ate" such a .oo/)
@o(ever, this is not the on!, !iht that the We!sh chronic!e (as to she", -or it (as to a""ress
matters o- -ar reater im+ort an" re!evance than the mere vin"ication o- %eo--re,8s oo" name) 0D2
6n"ee", it contains historica!!, veri-ia.!e accounts that overturn man, mo"ernist assum+tions an"
teachins a.out our +ast) 1ore im+ortant!,, the materia! that it contains revea!s an anti:uit, -or
itse!- that carries contem+orari!, recor"e" histor, .ac/ to uncom-orta.!, ear!, times)
#ncom-orta.!e, that is, -or evo!utionar, an" mo"ernistic +hi!oso+h,) 4!in"ers Petrie hih!ihts
some o- these +oints, an" (e sha!! consi"er these an" others in this cha+ter)
Amon the +oints he mentions is the account containe" .oth in %eo--re, o- 1onmouth an" the
We!sh chronic!es o- the attem+te" invasions o- these is!an"s ., Ku!ius Caesar in 55 an" 5; BC)
Caesar, o- course, has !e-t us his o(n account o- this, an" it is tem+tin to thin/ 0an" is o-ten state"2
that the We!sh chronic!es 0an" hence %eo--re, o- 1onmouth2 contain nothin more than a rehashe"
version o- Caesar8s account) But c!ose examination revea!s a "i--erent stor,) &he account in
%eo--re, an" the We!sh chronic!e turns out to .e nothin !ess than the Ku!ian invasion as seen
throuh the e,es o- the ear!, Britons themse!ves) An e,e(itness account in -act, (hich "ates this
+art o- the materia! to the mi""!e o- the 1st centur, BC) &his, o- course, is -ar too ear!, -or most
mo"ern scho!ars to acce+t -or Ce!tic !iterac,, an" it a!so she"s a some(hat un-avoura.!e !iht u+on
Ku!ius Caesar, himse!- the hero o- man, a mo"ern .oo/ on the histor, o- ear!, Britain) But ho(,
exact!,, "o the British an" 3oman accounts com+areA
Caesar te!!s us 0;2 that (hen he initia!!, !an"e" on the shore o- Britain, the !an"in (as resiste" in a
most a!armin (a, -or the 3oman troo+s) &he British charioteers an" cava!r, ro"e into the ver,
(aves to attac/ the 3oman so!"iers as the, trie" to !ea+ -rom their shi+s into the sea, an" the
!an"in (as a!most a.orte" "ue the unusua! nature an" -erocit, o- the attac/) 1oreover, Caesar ha"
ma"e some ver, serious misca!cu!ations a.out the ti"e an" (eather that ha" a!most !ost him his
arm,) But (hat "oes the British account sa, o- a!! thisA 9othin) 9othin (hatever) &here is no
trium+hant trum+etin a.out the .raver, o- the Ce!tic (arriors or the 3omans8 "i--icu!ties in ma/in
!an")
6nstea", (e hear on!, ho(, on -irst receivin ne(s o- the 3oman !an"in, the Britons un"er
$ass(a!!a(n 0Caesar8s Cassive!aunus2 athere" toether at a certain -ort in $ent) Caesar ha"
c!ear!, .een resiste" mere!, ., a .an" o- !oca! !evies o- (hom the Britons8 inte!!ience re+orts ha"
ta/en no account) But (h, shou!" the,A 6t (as on!, to .e ex+ecte" 0., the Britons2 that the !oca!s
(ou!" meet the assau!t, an" the o++osition to the !an"in ha" .een unsuccess-u! in an, case) But
+erha+s the atherin o- the Britons at the $entish -ort is one o- the more te!!in as+ects o- the
a--air) &he We!sh chronic!e names the -ort Fora!, (hich %eo--re, o- 1onmouth trans+oses into
Batin as Foro.e!!um) 052 6t (as /no(n to !ater Batin (riters as Furo!evum, an" (as a -ortress that
stoo" rouh!, mi"(a, .et(een 3ochester an" Canter.ur,) As 4!in"ers Petrie +oints out, it (ou!"
have .een the i"ea! meetin +!ace -or an assem.!in arm, that (as uncertain (hether the inva"in
-orce (ou!" +rocee" "irect!, across the river 1e"(a, to(ar"s Bon"on, or (ou!" s/irt a!on the
coast to(ar"s Sussex an" then hea" north to Bon"on, thus savin itse!- the tas/ o- havin to cross
the 1e"(a,) An" ,et Caesar never mentions this -ort, -or the natura! reason that he (ou!" have
.een entire!, una(are o- its existence an" name) A me"ieva! mon/ rehashin Caesar8s (or/ (ou!"
not have mentione" it either -or the same reasons) O- -urther sini-icance is the -act that 9ennius
(rites in his 0istoria Brittonu%:
8Ku!ius Caesar ))) (hi!e he (as -ihtin (ith Fo!a.e!!a)8 062
))) Fo!a.e!!a .ein mista/en in 9ennius8s source5"ocument -or the +ersona! name o- a British
(arrior rather than the -ort (here the (arriors (ere athere", thus revea!in that ., the en" o- the
Eth centur, AF at the ver, !atest, a serious corru+tion o- the account o- the British maneuvers -rom
(hich 9ennius "re( his o(n in-ormation existe") &he -act that no such corru+tion is evi"ent in the
We!sh chronic!e 0or %eo--re,8s Batin version2 s+ea/s vo!umes not on!, -or the +urit, o- the
in-ormation containe" in .oth the We!sh chronic!e an" %eo--re,, .ut -or the anti:uit, an"
un"ou.te" authenticit, o- their common source materia!)
Bater in his account, 072 Caesar "escri.es in "etai! ho( his cava!r, came to rie- (hen the,
encountere" the unusua! -ihtin tactics o- the Britons) @e "escri.es these tactics in "etai!,
remar/in on their e--ectiveness) An" ,et no such "escri+tion a++ears in the British account) One
cou!" reasona.!, ex+ect that a !ater -orer or com+i!er (ou!" trium+hant!, have mentione" ho( his
-ore.ears terri-ie" an" a!most "e-eate" the 3omans (ith su+erior an" inenious -ihtin tactics, .ut
not a contem+orar, Briton (ho (as recor"in the same events as Caesar .ut -rom a "i--erent
vantae +oint) But, aain, (h, shou!" a contem+orar, Briton mention tactics (ith (hich he an" his
inten"e" rea"ers (ou!" have .een a!! too -ami!iarA
&hree -urther s+eci-ic items in .oth the We!sh chronic!e an" %eo--re,8s Batin account revea! the
sometimes ar.!e" nature o- the British inte!!ience re+orts o- the time that (ere sent over !on
"istances, in t(o cases -rom the other si"e o- the Channe!, an" the natura! con-usion that arose over
the "e.rie-in o- (arriors that returne" -rom the -ront !ine o- .att!e an" the su.se:uent intervie(in
o- e,e(itnesses) &he -irst concerns the "eath o- a certain 3oman o--icer) @e (as name" as Ba.erius
0Luintus Ba.erius Furus2 in Caesar8s account, 0E2 accor"in to (hich Ba.erius "ie" in action "urin
the secon" cam+ain in Britain o- the ,ear 5; BC) &he British account, ho(ever, states that
Ba.erius (as /i!!e" "urin the -irst cam+ain, an", more te!!in!,, it i"enti-ies the so!"ier concerne"
as Ba.ienus 072 0We!sh A!i.iens2) 9o(, the name Ba.ienus (ou!" ear!ier have .een /no(n to the
Britons -rom re+orts reachin them o- Caesar8s secon"5in5comman" (ho, at the time o- Caesar8s
secon" invasion an" :uite un/no(n to the native Britons, ha" .een !e-t .ehin" in %au! to a"minister
matters there in Caesar8s a.sence) &hus, !earnin -rom +risoners ta/en in .att!e that the "ea"
o--icer8s name (as Ba.erius, the, con-use" the names an" natura!!, assume" that this (as the
Ba.ienus o- (hom the, ha" hear") 6t (as a +er-ect!, natura! error ma"e in (artime con"itions, .ut
not one that (ou!" have .een ma"e ., a me"ieva! -orer (ho ha" Caesar8s account in -ront o- him)
Simi!ar!,, the secon" item concerns the ar.!e" British re+ort o- a -ortress that (as erecte" at
Caesar8s comman" (hen he returne" to %au!) Caesar "oes not name the -ort, (hereas the British
account re+orts its name as O"ina) 0102 4!in"ers Petrie +oints out that no such +!ace is /no(n,
a!thouh he "oes mention that Caesar re+orts 0112 the sen"in o- troo+s to Bexovii 0to"a,8s
Bisieux2, an" that the river there, (hich aain Caesar "oes not name .ut (hich is ca!!e" O!ina,
suests the oriins o- the British re+ort) Aain, the name O"ina 0(hich Caesar "oes not ive2
cou!" o.vious!, not have .een .orro(e" -rom Caesar8s account ., an, me"ieva! han")
&he thir" inci"ent concerns an inaccurate re+ort ., British scouts (hich !e" $ass(a!!a(n8s
inte!!ience atherers to assume that Caesar ha" -!e" Britain at a time (hen the 3oman arm, (as in
-act -irm!, encam+e" on these shores) Caesar, havin !ost va!ua.!e shi+s "urin a storm, or"ere"
that the shi+s .e ta/en out o- the (ater an" "rae" in!an" to (ithin the 3oman cam+) 0122 &his
(as a +ro"iious -eat o- enineerin) &hese shi+s (ere extreme!, heav, mi!itar, trans+orts, an" ,et
the tas/ (as (e!! (ithin the 0to us (e!!5/no(n2 ca+a.i!ities an" enineerin s/i!!s o- the 3oman
sa++ers) @o(ever, it (ou!" not have occurre" to the Britons that such a thin (ou!" .e
contem+!ate" !et a!one +ossi.!e, an" so it is that (hen the a"vance scoutin +arties o- the Britons
cou!" no !oner see Caesar8s shi+s .eache" u+on the stran", the, natura!!, .ut (ron!, assume"
that he ha" -!e" these shores)
&here are !ater, touchin, accounts in the ear!, British chronic!es 0.ut on (hich 4!in"ers Petrie is
si!ent2 (here mention is ma"e o- British (arriors -ihtin in this countr, aainst the armies o- the
/ins o- S,ria an" B,.ia, 01D2 an" (hich !oo/ initia!!, !i/e a most un!i/e!, co!!ection o- stories) Yet,
(hat .ecomes o- these accounts (hen (e vie( them in their correct historica! +ers+ectiveA &he
Britons (ere never ones to em+!o, -orein mercenaries to "o their -ihtin -or them) &he, /ne( the
"aners invo!ve" in such a +o!ic,, "aners that (ere unha++i!, "emonstrate" (hen one British /in,
=ortiern, invite" the Saxons over to chase a(a, the Picts) As histor, recor"s, an" to =ortiern8s
ever!astin in-am, as -ar as the We!sh are concerne", the Saxons sta,e" an" eventua!!, .anishe" the
Britons themse!ves to a roc/, an" inhos+ita.!e +art o- the is!an", Wa!es) 3ather, in times o- (ar or
emerenc, the Britons (ou!" .an" toether as se+arate tri.es into one -ihtin -orce, an" +!ace
their man, /ins un"er the authorit, o- one over/in -or the "uration o- the hosti!ities) &hus, (hen
the Britons encountere" the 3oman arm,, the, (ere sur+rise" to -in" not 3omans on!, amonst the
enem,8s ran/s 0i- there (ere an, 3omans at a!!2, .ut se+arate !eions ma"e u+ o- S,rians, B,.ians
an" ever, other /in" o- nationa!it,) 01;2 We /no( -rom the archaeo!oica! recor" that S,rians an"
others "i" actua!!, ma/e u+ some o- the occu+,in !eions in this countr,, an" it is there-ore not
on!, natura! that the Britons shou!" re-er to them ., the names o- their countries o- oriin, .ut that
the, shou!" a!so assume that the S,rians an" others (ere !e" into .att!e ., their o(n +ett, /ins as
(ere the Britons themse!ves (ho -ouht them) 6t is an unsus+ecte" an" stri/in mar/ o- authenticit,
that no me"ieva! -orer (ou!" have thouht o-)
But i- this +ortion o- the chronic!e contains materia! that can .e "ate" to the mi""!e o- the 1st
centur, BC, then there is other materia! that oes .ac/ much -urther) One such item 0on (hich aain
4!in"ers Petrie is sur+risin!, si!ent2 is the account o- t(o men name" Be!inus an" Brennius in
%eo--re,8s Batin version, an" Be!i an" Bran in the We!sh) 0152 One +art o- the stor, recor"s ho(
Bran !e" an invasion o- 6ta!, an" sac/e" 3ome) Certain mo"ernist scho!ars have .een :uic/ to +oint
out that 3ome has never .een sac/e" ., the Britons, an" that the stor, is a nonsensica! -iction)
@o(ever, a rea"in o- 3ome8s historians miht have !e" them to a "i--erent conc!usion, -or the sac/
o- 3ome ., the Ce!ts is to!" in consi"era.!e "etai! ., an ear!, historian o- 3ome, an" the ear!,
British account o- the event is con-irme", an" in"ee" ex+an"e" u+on, in ever, +oint)
&he 3oman historian in :uestion is Biv, 0&itus Bivius , 57 BC517 AF2, (hose 0istory o! Ro%e
consiste" o- no !ess than 1;2 .oo/s, a!thouh on!, D5 o- these have survive" to the +resent "a,)
@o(ever, it is Boo/ 5 o- Biv,8s histor, that contains the rather i!!uminatin account that -o!!o(s)
0162 Accor"in to Biv,, the sac/ o- 3ome ., the %a!!ic Ce!ts occurre" aroun" the ,ear D70 BC, an"
(e sha!! see +recise!, ho( c!ose!, this accor"s (ith the chrono!o, o- events an" +ersonaes that is
containe" in the British chronic!e) 6t matches it exact!,) But o- more interest to us is the -act that
Biv, has +reserve" the names o- those (ho (ere invo!ve" in the +!annin an" carr,in out o- the
attac/)
&he -irst name is that o- the /in o- the Bituries, a %a!!ic 0Ce!tic2 +eo+!e (ho (ere to ive their
name to the mo"ern cit, o- Boures) &he /in (as Am.itatus, an" Biv, te!!s us that he ha" t(o
ne+he(s, one name" Be!!ovesus, an" the other Seovesus) 0172 &hese t(o names a!so a++ear in the
British account (here the, are iven as Be!i in the We!sh chronic!e an" Be!inus an" Senius 0the
/in o- the A!!o.roes or Burun"ians2 in %eo--re, o- 1onmouth) &he We!sh chronic!e mentions
Senius as the +rince o- the Bur"un"ians 0i)e) B,r(in, another term -or the A!!o.roes2 .ut "oes
not name him) Each name, ho(ever, must have .een iven in the oriina! British source5materia!
-or them to a++ear in either %eo--re, or the We!sh chronic!e)
6t is here, ho(ever, that Biv, she"s some interestin !iht u+on the Ce!tic ro,a! -ami!ies o- the ear!,
;th centur, BC) Accor"in to .oth %eo--re, an" the We!sh chronic!e, the -ather an" mother o-
Be!inus an" Brennius (ere Funva!! 1o!mutius 0We!sh F,-tia! 1oe! 1,"2 an" &onuuenna 0We!sh
&on(en2) We /no( -rom the enea!o, aroun" (hich .oth %eo--re,8s an" the We!sh account are
.ui!t 0see A++en"ix 72, that Funva!!o (as o- British "escent) Which means that &onuuenna, (hose
enea!o, is not iven, cou!" easi!, have .een the sister o- the %au!ish /in, Am.itatus, as is
im+!ie" in Biv, (hen he ca!!s Be!!ovesus 0the British Be!inus an" son o- &onuuenna2 the ne+he( o-
Am.itatus) &here is nothin at a!! un!i/e!, or im+ro.a.!e in such a re!ationshi+) 6n"ee", marriae
.et(een the British an" continenta! Ce!tic ro,a! -ami!ies (ou!" have .een an entire!, natura! an"
ex+ecte" event)
Which .rins us to the name o- the !ea"er o- the %a!!ic sac/ o- 3ome, (hom Biv, names as
Brennus) 01E2 &his is +ractica!!, i"entica! to the trans+osition into Batin o- the British name o- Bran
that %eo--re, ives 0Brennius2, an" the -act that %eo--re, an" Biv, are such "istinct an"
in"e+en"ent authorities revea!s that neither o- them (ere ma/in u+ the names o- their characters as
the, (ent a!on) &hat neither %eo--re, nor the We!sh chronic!e are mere!, co+ies or rehashes o-
Biv,8s account is a.un"ant!, evi"ent (hen one com+ares the British account (ith that o- Biv,)
&here are -ar too man, im+ortant an" -un"amenta! "i--erences .et(een them to suest that one is
"e+en"ent on the other) An" ,et the, are a!! c!ear!, an" in"e+en"ent!, re-errin to the same
historica! event, name!, the Ce!tic sac/ o- 3ome in ca D70 BC, .ut vie(in that event -rom
"i--erent cam+s)
We ma, carr, the stor, .ac/ another eneration ., re-errin to the !a(s o- Funva!!o, the -ather o-
Be!inus an" Brennius, (hich (ere /no(n as the 1o!mutine Ba(s an" (hich %eo--re, te!!s us (ere
sti!! he!" in hih esteem ., the Britons 0We!sh2 o- %eo--re,8s o(n "a,) 0172 @o(ever, not on!, (ere
the, he!" in hih esteem in %eo--re,8s "a,, the, a!so have survive" to the +resent, an" the, c!ear!,
revea! their +aan oriins) 0202 &he !iht that the, she" u+on the societ, in (hich the ear!, Britons
!ive" is set out in A++en"ix 6 o- this .oo/, (here 4!in"ers Petrie te!!s us in his o(n (or"s a.out the
!a(s an" their a++!ication) But the histor, o- the ear!, Britons can .e carrie" .ac/ -urther sti!!,
much -urther .ac/, to the 12th centur, BC in -act, the time o- the ver, -oun"ation o- the British
nation)
&he stor, is to!" o- ho( a co!on, once !an"e" on these shores, a co!on, !e" ., one Brutus 0Br,tt,s
in the We!sh chronic!e2) 6t (as -rom this Brutus that the British +eo+!e "erive" their name) &he
histor, o- Brutus8"escen"ants is set out in the -o!!o(in cha+ter, .ut (hat interests us here is ho(,
an" ., (hich route, the co!on, arrive" on these shores in the -irst +!ace) Aain, (e are in"e.te" to
4!in"ers Petrie -or .rinin to our attention the -o!!o(in "etai!s'
8A-ter !eavin %reece Brutus8 Han" his co!on,I 8sai!s to A-rica, an" then +asses the Phi!enian a!tars, a
+!ace ca!!e" Sa!inae, sai!s .et(een 3uscica"a an" the mountains o- AJara in "aner o- +irates,
+asses the river 1a!ua, arrives in 1auretania, an" reaches the +i!!ars o- @ercu!es) On this +assae
the inorant e"itor notes' M6t is +ro.a.!, im+ossi.!e to "iscover (hether these names "escri.e
existin +!aces, or are +ure!, the invention o- the authorM) 9o( a!! these +!aces are /no(n, an" the,
are a!! in consecutive or"er) &he !onitu"es in Pto!em, are here a""e", -or c!earness) &he Phi!enian
a!tars 0;6 "erees ;5 minutes2 (ere t(o reat san" hea+s, -or the stor, o- (hich see Sa!!ustC the,
(ou!" .e (e!! /no(n as the .oun"ar, .et(een Carthae an" E,+t, .ut o- no im+ortance in !ate
3oman times) 9ext, Sa!inae are the stretch o- sa!t !aunes 0DD to D; "erees*$ (hich (ou!" .e
im+ortant to mariners -or sa!tin -ish) 9ext, 3uscica"a 027 "erees ;0 minutes2 is a hea"!an" to the
south o- Sar"iniaC Brutus sai!e" .et(een this an" the mountains o- AJara, an" Pto!em, names a
mountain tri.e o- Sar"inia as the Aisaronesioi) &he +reva!ence o- +irates note" here ives the reason
-or namin the Sar"inian mountains, as mariners cou!" stan" (e!! o-- the A-rican coast ., sihtin
Sar"inia, (hich !a, 120 mi!es north, an" thus esca+e the +irate coast trac/ (ithout !osin their
.earins) 9ext is the river 1a!ua 011 "erees 10 minutes2, (hich (as im+ortant as the .oun"ar, o-
ear!, 1auretania) Bast!,, the +i!!ars o- @ercu!es 06 "erees D5 minutes 5 7 "erees D0 minutes2) &he
enera! character o- these names se!ecte" is that o- +oints (e!! /no(n to mariners, such as an,
seaman miht rea"i!, ive as staes o- a vo,ae) @o( then "o the, come into the Brut !een"A
&he, cannot have .een state" ., an, seaman a-ter AF 700, as the Ara. con:uest (i+e" out the o!"
names an" o!" tra"e)
Fi" a me"ieva! (riter, then, extract the names -rom a 3oman authorA 9o sin!e author seems to
contain a!! o- them' Pto!em, omits Sa!inae, P!in, omits Sa!inae an" AJara, Stra.o on!, has the
Phi!anae, the Antonine itinerar, on!, 3usicca"e an" 1a!ua, the Peutinerian ta.!e on!, 3usica"e,
an" the Phi!aeni in a (ron +osition) When (e see the me"ieva! ma+s, -rom Cosmas on to the
1a++amun"i o- @ere-or", it is im+ossi.!e to su++ose a me"ieva! (riter havin enouh eora+h,
at han" to com+i!e such a mariner8s !ist o- six minor +!aces in the riht or"er, as the, stoo" "urin
the 3oman Em+ire) 6- this !ist (as, then, (ritten "urin the Em+ire, there is no reason -or +re-errin
one "ate to another) &here is, ho(ever, interna! evi"ence that this (as (ritten .e-ore C!au"ius8 0i)e)
10 BC5AF 5;2) 86t is a-ter +assin the 1a!ua that Brutus arrives in 1auretania) 9o( 1auretania
(as on!, (est o- the 1a!ua oriina!!,C .ut in the, ear!, im+eria! chanes the east o- that river (as
inc!u"e", an" C!au"ius constitute" t(o 1auretanias, &initana an" Caesariensis, "ivi"e" ., the
river) &he eora+h, o- the Brut is, then, o!"er than C!au"ius)8 0212
&here is much e!se that 4!in"ers Petrie cou!" have a""e" ha" he .een a(are o- it) 4or exam+!e,
.e-ore Brutus sai!e" (ith his co!on, to the A-rican coast on their miration -rom the main!an" o-
%reece, the, (ere sai" to have a!ihte" u+on an is!an" (hose name is iven as Beetta in the We!sh
chronic!e, as Beoetia in %eo--re, o- 1onmouth, an" (hich (as /no(n as Beuca"ia amonst the
c!assica! authors o- the 1e"iterranean (or!") &o"a,, (e /no( it as the is!an" o- Bev/Ns) But there
are certain "etai!s, im+ortant "etai!s, that the British accounts mention that cou!" not have .een
!eane" ., a me"ieva! -orer sim+!, hearin o- the +!ace or seein it on a ma+, even one that
ha++ene" to +ossess an unusua! "eree o- accurac, -or me"ieva! times) 4or exam+!e, a!thouh the
We!sh chronic!e omits the -act, %eo--re, o- 1onmouth8s Batin version recounts the "etai! o- the
is!an"8s (oo"!an"s, 0222 an" (e note that even to"a, one can sti!! see on the is!an" 8the remnants o-
the oa/ -orests (hich (ere a -eature o- Bev/Ns (e!! into the nineteenth centur,) 02D2
4or %eo--re, o- 1onmouth to .e a(are o- these (oo"s, the, must have .een mentione" in the
oriina! an" ancient source5materia! that he (as trans!atin, an" (e can on!, as/ ourse!ves (hether
the +resence o- oa/ -orests on this sacre" is!an" (hich the Britons !on remem.ere", an" the -act
that the ear!, Frui"s o- Britain ever a-ter(ar"s he!" the oa/ tree to .e +articu!ar!, an" +ecu!iar!,
sacre", are entire!, unconnecte") As P!in, te!!s us'
8&he Frui"ae))) esteeme nothin more sacre" in the (or!", than 1isse!to, an" the tree (hereu+on it
.ree"eth, so it .e on O/e))) the, seem (e!! enouh to .e name" thereu+on Fr,i"ae in %ree/e, (hich
sini-ieth ))) O/e5+riests) 02;2
@o(ever, o- a""e" interest is the -act that .oth %eo--re, o- 1onmouth an" the We!sh chronic!e
recor" the +resence on the is!an" o- a ruine" tem+!e that (as "e"icate" to the o""ess Fiana) &here
then -o!!o( the "escri+tions o- a most com+!ex ritua! +er-orme" ., Brutus an" the nature an"
attri.utes o- the o""ess Fiana that cou!" on!, have come -rom a +aan source) But there is an
a""e" as+ect to a!! this) Fiana (as consi"ere" to .e the +ersoni-ication o- the moon, an" a!thouh
there is no a++arent trace remainin to"a, o- the tem+!e o- Fiana on the is!an", there are the ruins
o- a tem+!e to Fiana8s theo!oica! hus.an", the sun o" A+o!!o) &hese ruins !ie on a +rominence
some 2D0 -eet a.ove the sea, an"'
8))) it (as -rom here that the +riests o- A+o!!o (ou!" hur! themse!ves into s+ace, .uo,e" u+ 5 so it
(as sai" 5 ., !ive .ir"s an" -eathere" (ins) &he re!ationshi+ .et(een the ritua! an" the o" seems
o.scure, a!thouh there (as an ear!, connection .et(een A+o!!o an" various .ir"s) Ovi" con-irms
that the virtues o- the -!iht an" the hea!in (aters .e!o( the c!i-- ha" .een /no(n since the time o-
Feuca!ion, the %ree/ 9oah)8 0252
9o( there are "e-inite echoes o- this curious an" most ancient ritua! in the stor, o- one o-
Brutus8not -ar remove" "escen"ants, /in B!a"u" 0B!ai""," in the We!sh chronic!e) See next
cha+ter2) B!a"u", it is recor"e", ma"e himse!- +inions an" (ins an" !earne" ho( to -!,) @e on!,
ha" one !esson an" the -!iht (as +re"icta.!, a short one, .ut the im+ortant "etai! is that B!a"u" (as
/i!!e" as he struc/ the tem+!e o- A+o!!o that once stoo" in the cit, /no(n to"a, as Bon"on) 0262
Yet this is not the on!, curious "etai! to emere out o- the ear!, British recor") What, -or exam+!e,
are (e to ma/e o- the mention o- %ree/ 4ire in the stor, o- BrutusA &his a++ears as tan gyllt in the
We!sh chronic!e, an" as sulphureas tedas an" gre#o igne in %eo--re, o- 1onmouth8s account) 0272
As 4!in"ers Petrie riht!, +oints out, %ree/ 4ire (as entire!, unhear" o- in Euro+e .e-ore the time
o- the Crusa"es) Fi" an ear!, me"ieva! -orer have a !uc/, uessA 6 "ou.t it) An" (hat o- the
-urther "etai!e" eora+hica! /no(!e"e o- the ancient %ree/ main!an" that the British accounts
revea!A &he reion ca!!e" Yssara"ins in the We!sh chronic!e an" S+aratinum in %eo--re,8s
version, (as ancient!, /no(n as &hes+rotia, an area on the (est coast o- %reece) Archaeo!o, te!!s
us that the &hes+rotians (ere the ear!iest inha.itants o- the reion, their name .ein +er+etuate"
to"a, in the mo"ern to(n o- &hes+roti/on) 02E2 1oreover, the river Ysta!on in the We!sh chronic!e
0A.a!one in %eo--re,2 is the Acheron that -!o(s throuh the ancient reion o- E+irus)
4urther, there is the name o- the /in aainst (hom Brutus -ouht in or"er to (in the -ree"om o- his
-o!!o(ers) @is name is iven as Pen"rass,s in the We!sh chronic!e an" as Pan"rasus in %eo--re,)
0272 6 have seen no attem+t (hatever to i"enti-, this /in, an" there is no( no +ossi.i!it, o- tracin
the name in the survivin recor"s o- ancient %reece, a!thouh such tracin (ou!" itse!- .e -uti!e)
Pan"rasus is not, it seems, a +ro+er name at a!! .ut a tit!e 5 pan $oris 5 meanin /in o- a!! the
Forians) Aain, archaeo!o, te!!s us that the Forian %ree/s overran this +art o- the %recian
main!an" at ?ust a.out the same +erio" 012th511th centuries BC2 in (hich the stor, o- Brutus
.eins) 0D02 So it is c!ear that the name Pan"rasus .e!ons -irm!, an" authentica!!, to the times that
are "ea!t (ith in the o+enin +ortions o- the British account)
A!! o- (hich he!+s us in "atin not on!, the -ascinatin an" un"ou.te"!, ancient materia! in the
We!sh chronic!e an" in %eo--re,8s version, .ut a!so the materia! +asse" "o(n to us ., 9ennius that
(e note" in the +revious cha+ter an" -rom (hich (e (ere a.!e to construct the &a.!e o- Euro+ean
9ations) C!ear!,, none o- a!! this is attri.uta.!e to the ne-arious (or/ o- ear!, Christian mon/s (ho
(ere see/in to -oist u+on the (or!" a contrive" .ut +ious histor,, -or a!! the materia! that (e have
consi"ere" in this cha+ter +re5"ates the comin o- the Christian -aith to the ear!, Britons ., at !east
a hun"re" ,ears, an" certain!, ., u+ to a thousan" ,ears an" more) 6n other (or"s, the no(
(earisome mo"ernist chare o- +ious -rau" -a!!s -!at) &his (i!! .e -urther seen in the -o!!o(in
cha+ter (hich summarises the contents o- .oth %eo--re, o- 1onouth an" the We!sh chronic!es, an"
A++en"ix 7 (here the enea!o, o- the ear!, British /ins is set out) &he a++roximate "ates o- each
/in are a!so iven as 6 have .een a.!e to ca!cu!ate them -rom the interna! evi"ence containe" in the
We!sh chronic!e an" in %eo--re,8s Batin version, an" externa! evi"ence "erive" -rom other sources)
== *9E>
MAIN A!E """#creatio$is%#or&
#E?T @@


A-ter the 4!oo" 5 by Bill Cooper
CHAPTER
I
CHAPTER
II
CHAPTER
III
CHAPTER
IV
CHAPTER
V
CHAPTER
VI
CHAPTER
VII
CHAPTER
VIII
CHAPTER
IX
CHAPTER
X
CHAPTER
XI
CHAPTER
XII
CHAPTER
XIII
== *9E>
"The early post-flood history of
Europe traced back to Noah"
#E?T @@
C'ATER .
'istory of the Early +ritish /i$&s
What -o!!o(s is a summar, o- the histor, o- the ear!, /ins o- the ear!, Britons as it is iven in .oth
%eo--re, o- 1onmouth an" the We!sh chronic!es) 6t is a recor"e" histor, that (as consine" to
o.!ivion a-ter the massacre, at the instiation o- Auustine, o- the British mon/s at Banor in AF
60; an" (as thus entire!, un/no(n or inore" ., the !ater Saxon an" 9orman chronic!ers o-
En!an") Conse:uent!,, it came to .e enera!!, an" un:uestionin!, assume" amonst En!ish
scho!ars ., the 16th an" 17th centuries that no such recor" ha" ever existe", an" that (or/s such as
%eo--re, o- 1onmouth8s or the We!sh chronic!e (ere -oreries an" -air, ta!es) &hat o+inion +ersists
to"a,) We have seen, ho(ever, in the +revious cha+ter ho( these recor"s en?o, a reat "ea! o-
historica! vin"ication in s+ite o- mo"ernism8s cursor, an" -ashiona.!e "ismissa! o- them) But here,
+!ain an" una"orne", is the stor, that the chronic!es themse!ves te!!, a stor, that no chi!" (i!! have
!earnt at his "es/ in an, schoo! o- this !an") 6t s+ans over t(o thousan" ,ears, an" its surviva! to the
+resent "a,, .ein !itt!e short o- a mirac!e, is a tri.ute to those We!sh scho!ars o- o!" (ho reconise"
its im+ortance an" +reserve" it entire -or our rea"in)
Amonst the ancient recor"s that the Britons themse!ves !e-t .ehin", there is +reserve" 0in 9ennius
at !east2 a !ist o- the ancestors o- the ear!, British /ins as the, (ere counte" eneration .,
eneration .ac/ to Ka+heth, the son o- 9oah) But the histor, o- the Britons as a "istinct nation ha"
its .einnins (ith the -a!! o- &ro,, an" it is at this +oint that %eo--re, o- 1onmouth an" the We!sh
chronic!es ta/e u+ the stor,)
Anchises, /no(n to us -rom other histories, -!e" (ith his son, Aeneas, -rom the .urnin ruins o-
&ro,, an" the, ma"e their (a, to the !an" that is no(a"a,s ca!!e" 6ta!,, sett!in (ith their +eo+!e on
the .an/s o- the river &i.er aroun" (hat (as !ater to .ecome 3ome) &he in"ienous +o+u!ation (as
ru!e" over ., Batinus (ho receive" Aeneas an" his +eo+!e (ith /in"ness an" hos+ita!it,, in return
-or (hich Aeneas "e-eate" Batinus8 -oe, &urnus, /in o- the 3utu!i) @e then marrie" the "auhter o-
Batinus, Bavinia, -rom (hich union came Aeneas Si!vius (ho !ater rose to ru!e over a!! the tri.es o-
6ta!,) But it (as throuh the !ine o- his .rother Ascanius that the ro,a! !ineae (as +resent!, to .e
+er+etuate", an" o- this !ine (as .orn Ascanius8 son Si!vius) Si!vius se"uce" an unname" niece o-
his ran"-ather8s (i-e, Bavinia, an" it (as -rom their union that his son Brutus (as .orn) &he
mother o- Brutus "ie" (hi!st ivin .irth to him, an" (hen he (as a !a" o- -i-teen ,ears, Brutus
acci"enta!!, shot his -ather "ea" (ith an arro( (hi!st out huntin) 4or havin cause" the "eaths o-
.oth his +arents, thus -u!-i!!in a +ro+hec, concernin him, Brutus (as exi!e" out o- 6ta!,, the ro,a!
!ine o- Aeneas +assin into the han"s o- another) An" it is at this +oint that the histor, o- the Britons
as a "istinct nation .eins)
Brutus ?ourne,e" -rom 6ta!, to %reece, an" there he came into contact (ith certain s!aves) &hese
(ere the "escen"ants o- the so!"iers (ho ha" -ouht aainst %reece in the &ro?an Wars o- the 1Dth
centur, BC) &he, ha" .een ens!ave" ., Priam, son o- Achi!!es, 8in veneance -or his -ather8s "eath8,
an" (ere su.se:uent!, to continue their s!aver, un"er Pan"rasus, /in o- the Forian %ree/s)
Bearnin that he (as "escen"e" -rom their o(n ancient /ins, the &ro?ans acce+te" Brutus into their
-e!!o(shi+ an" e!ecte" him as their !ea"er, an" un"er him the, success-u!!, rose aainst their
ca+tors) Fe-eatin Pan"rasus in .att!e, the, set sai! to !oo/ -or a !an" in (hich to sett!e) Sai!in their
-!eet out o- the 1e"iterranean .et(een the Pi!!ars o- @ercu!es 0the Straits o- %i.ra!tar2, the, came
across another rou+ o- &ro?ans !e" ., Corineus, (ho (ere !i/e(ise esca+in a.roa" -rom their
ca+tors) &he, com.ine" -orces an" !an"e" in %au! (ith Brutus .ein acc!aime" as their overa!!
/in) &here the, -ouht an" "e-eate" the Picts un"er /in %o--ar 0$o--ar--ichti 5 %o--ar the Pict 5 in
the We!sh2) &he &ro?ans aain set sai!, an" came ashore at &otnes in Fevon at some time in the 12th
centur, BC) &he !an" an" its +eo+!e (ere su.se:uent!, to "erive their names -rom Brutus) &hen
Brutus -oun"e" the cit, o- &rinovantum, or 9e( &ro,, (hich (as !ater to .ecome the cit, o-
Bon"on) Brutus, the -irst /in o- the Britons, reine" over his +eo+!e in this is!an" -or t(ent, three
,ears, i)e) -rom ca 110;510E1 BC)
Amonst the s+oi!s that Brutus ha" ta/en -rom %reece (as 6noe, the "auhter o- Pan"rasus,
(hom he (e""e" an" (ho (as to .ear him three sons, Bocrinus, $am.er an" A!.anactus) #+on the
"eath o- Brutus, $am.er an" A!.anactus inherite" Wa!es 0Cam.ria2 an" Scot!an" 0A!.an,2
res+ective!,, an" Bocrinus .ecame /in o- Boeria, the !an" name" a-ter him, (hich consiste" o-
+resent5"a, En!an" minus Corn(a!!) 0&he mo"ern We!sh sti!! /no( En!an" as Boeria2) Corn(a!!
(as ru!e" over ., Corineus (hose "auhter, %(en"o!en, Bocrinus ha" marrie") Bocrinus, ho(ever,
ha" a!so ta/en another (i-e, Estri!"is, (hom he hi" -or -ear o- Corineus) But as soon as Corineus
(as "ea", he ma"e Estri!"is his :ueen an" +ut a(a, %(en"o!en, his !a(-u! (i-e) 6n veneance,
%(en"o!en raise" an arm, in her -ather8s /in"om o- Corn(a!!, /i!!in Bocrinus in the ensuin
.att!e) Estri!"is an" her "auhter @a.ren (ere "ro(ne" on %(en"o!en8s or"ers, an" %(en"o!en
herse!- (ent on to ru!e Boeria -or the next -i-teen ,ears) &hen, in ca 1056 BC, she a."icate" in
-avour o- her son 1a""an an" retire" to her native Corn(a!! (here she "ie")
Bitt!e is sai" o- 1a""an other than that he ru!e" the !an" -or -ort, ,ears, i)e) -rom ca 105651016 BC)
@is sons, on his "eath, conten"e" -or the throne, 1ain his ,ouner son .ein mur"ere" .,
1em+ricius, the e!"er) 1em+ricius 01ein.,r in the We!sh chronic!e2 .ecame a note" t,rant (ho
a.an"one" his (i-e in +ursuit o- unnatura! vices, an" he enera!!, misru!e" the /in"om) &hen, in
the t(entieth ,ear o- his rein, in a.out 776 BC, he (as se+arate" -rom his com+anions in a huntin
+art, an" (as eaten ., (o!ves)
@e (as succee"e" ., E.raucus 0We!sh E-ra(c2 (ho reine" -or the next thirt,5nine ,ears -rom ca
7765757 BC) 6n an event-u! an" -on"!, remem.ere" rein, E.raucus sac/e" %au! an" -oun"e" the
cit, name" a-ter him, $aer.rauc, (hich the !ater 3omans (ere to BatiniJe as E.oracum, +resent5
"a, Yor/) On his "eath, he (as succee"e" ., Brutus %reenshie!" 0Br,tt,s "arian !as in the We!sh
chronic!e2 (ho reine" -or the next t(e!ve ,ears unti! ca 7;5 BC) &hen Bei! succee"e" to the
throne) @e -oun"e" the cit, o- $aer!ei! (hich sti!! .ears his name 0Car!is!e2, .ut he (as a (ea/ an"
vaci!!atin /in (hose t(ent,5-ive ,ear rein en"e" in ruin an" civi!5(ar)
@is son @u"i.ras, 03un .a!a"r .ras in the We!sh2, (ho came to the throne in ca 720 BC, re5
esta.!ishe" +eace in the rea!m an" (ent on to ru!e Boeria -or the next thirt,5nine ,ears) A reat
.ui!"er, he -oun"e" the cities o- $aerreint 0Canter.ur,2, $aeruenit 0Winchester2, an" Pa!a"ur
0Sha-tes.ur,2) @e (as succee"e" ., his son, B!a"u", in ca EE1 BC, (ho ru!e" the !an" -or t(ent,
,ears) Furin that time, he -oun"e" the cit, o- $aer.a"um 0Bath2, the hot s+rins o- (hich (ere
thouht to cure !e+ros,) At his comman"ment, necromanc,, communicatin (ith the "ea", (as
+ractise" throuhout the /in"om, an" he (as eventua!!, /i!!e" in a misui"e" attem+t to -!,) At his
"eath, Beir his son too/ the cro(n, an" he (as to en?o, a rein o- sixt, ,ears, (hich !aste" -rom ca
E615E01 BC) @e -oun"e" the cit, o- $aer!eir 0Beicester2 an" !ost his /in"om (hen he attem+te" to
"ivi"e it amonst his three "auhters) Sha/es+eare te!!s the stor, in his ce!e.rate" +!a,, $in Bear)
Beir8s ,ounest "auhter, Cor"e!ia, inherite" the cro(n on her -ather8s "eath an" ru!e" the !an" in
+eace -or -ive ,ears) She (as then "e+ose" ., her sisters an" committe" suici"e in +rison)
1aranus 6 01oran in the We!sh2 then too/ the /in"om in the ,ear 776 BC, sharin the /in"om
(ith his cousin Cune"aius 0$,ne""a2) 1aranus ru!e" the !an" north o- the @um.er, an"
Cune"aius ru!e" the south) 1aranus, "urin the -ihtin that arose .et(een them, (as +ursue"
into Wa!es ., Cune"aius an" s!ain at the +!ace name" a-ter him, 1aram near +resent5"a, Port
&a!.ot) Cune"aius then ru!e" the (ho!e /in"om -or the next thirt,5three ,ears) @e (as succee"e"
in 761 BC ., 3iva!!o 03ria!!on2, (ho reine" (ise!, an" -rua!!,) @is rein (as +articu!ar!,
remem.ere" -or a rain o- .!oo", a reat s(arm o- -!ies an" a +!aue that too/ a heav, to!! o- the
+o+u!ation) At his "eath in 7;D BC, there -o!!o(e" the reins o- -our /ins o- (hom !itt!e is sai"
save their names an" their or"er o- succession) An" then, in the ,ear 66D BC, %or.o"uc 0%(rv,(
in the We!sh2 came to the throne) 6n o!" ae he .ecame seni!e, his "otae ivin rise to much
:uarre!!in over the succession .et(een his t(o sons, 4errex an" Porrex) 6n the event, %or.o"uc
(as to .ecome the !ast /in o- the ro,a! !ine o- Brutus to rein over the Britons)
%or.o"uc8s :ueen, Ku"on (as cause" much rie- over her :uarre!!in sons) On !earnin that Porrex
ha" /i!!e" 4errex, her -avourite o- the t(o, she .ecame insane an" !ater mur"ere" Porrex in his
s!ee+ ., hac/in him to +ieces) 0Other accounts te!! ho( she (as tie" in a sac/ an" thro(n into the
&hames -or the mur"er o- her son2) &he !an" (as then +!une" into the +o!itica! chaos o- a t(o
hun"re" ,ear civi! (ar) &he outcome o- the civi! (ar (as "eci"e" ., a -ina! con-!ict .et(een -ive
/ins a!toether, an" -rom it a!!, in ca ;;0 BC, emere" Pinner, the /in o- Boeria) @e (as !ater
s!ain in a .att!e ., his successor .ut one, Funva!!o, in a.out the ,ear ;D0 BC) Funva!!o8s -ather,
C!oten 0$!,"no in the We!sh2, (ho (as the /in o- Corn(a!!, ru!e" -or ten ,ears an" (as -ina!!,
succee"e" ., his son, Funva!!o 1o!mutius 0F,-ua! moe! m,"2) Furin a -ort,5,ear rein, he
co"i-ie" the 1o!mutine Ba(s, a !a(5co"e (hich %eo--re, o- 1onmouth te!!s us (as sti!! -ame" an"
revere" in his o(n "a,, an" (hich, sur+risin!,, sti!! survives) 0See Pro.ert8s An#ient -as o!
Ca%bria. 1E2D2) Crimes o- vio!ence (ere virtua!!, unhear" o- in his /in"om, such (as the
severit, o- +unishment mete" out to such crimina!s (hi!e he (as on the throne) Funva!!o8s e!"est
son, Be!inus 0the %reat2, then ru!e" the /in"om -rom ca DE05D7; BC) @e ru!e" Boeria, Cam.ria
an" Corn(a!!) @is .rother Brennius he!" 9orthum.ria an" A!.an,, an" eventua!!, !e" the Ce!tic
sac/ o- 3ome in ca D70 BC) Be!inus eventua!!, "e-eate" Brennius in .att!e, an" so came to ru!e a!!
Britain) %eo--re, te!!s us that Be!inus (as a reat roa"5.ui!"er, an" that Bi!!insate in Bon"on (as
.ui!t ., an" name" a-ter him) 6n an event-u! rein, Be!inus su."ue" the then /in o- Fenmar/,
exactin -rom him a reat tri.ute)
@e (as succee"e" ., %uruit 0%(rant =ar- Fr(ch2, (hose rein !aste" -rom ca D7;5D67 BC) &he
son an" successor o- Be!inus, %uruit (as reno(ne" as a man o- +eace an" ?ustice) Furin
%uruit8s rein, the /in o- Fenmar/ (ith"re( the tri.ute that Be!inus ha" exacte" o- him, an"
%uruit +rom+t!, inva"e" Fenmar/ to assert his authorit, there) 6t (as "urin his return -rom
Fenmar/ that %uruit is sai" to have interce+te" the shi+s o- Partho!an an" his -e!!o( exi!es) @e is
then state" to have assine" to Partho!an the other(ise uninha.ite" !an" o- 6re!an") 0&his, ho(ever,
!ea"s us to a +ro.!em in chrono!o,) A sueste" so!ution to this is o--ere" in a !ater cha+ter)2
%uruit "ie" +eace-u!!, an" he !ies .urie" in the cit, o- Caer!eon5on5#s/) @is son %uithe!in
0$,h,!,n2 then he!" the cro(n -rom ca D675D6D BC) %uithe!in (as a note" an" .enevo!ent ru!er)
@e marrie" 1arcia, a !earne" (oman (ho co"i-ie" the 1arcian Ba(s, the -e5 Martiana. A!-re" the
%reat (as !ater to trans!ate the co"e as the 1ercian Ba(s, .e!ievin them to have .een name" a-ter
the much !ater Saxon /in"om o- 1ercia)
Lueen 1arcia ru!e" Britain -or a.out -ive ,ears a-ter %uithe!in8s "eath .ecause o- their son8s
minorit,) But he, Sisi!!ius 0Saess,!!t2, came to the throne in ca D5E BC on her "eath, ru!in -or the
next six ,ears) @is rein (as -o!!o(e" ., those o- his sons $inarius an" Fanius, an" then
1orvi"us, his reat ne+he(, inherite" the cro(n) 1orvi"us 01or,""2, (ho ru!e" -rom ca D;15DD6
BC, (as the i!!eitimate son o- Fanius an" &anuesteaia, .ut he .ecame /in on his -ather8s "eath)
An other(ise heroic ru!er, he (as note" an" -eare" "ue to the merci!ess crue!t, that he sho(e"
to(ar"s those (hom he "e-eate" in .att!e) A-ter one +articu!ar attem+te" invasion o- his /in"om,
1orvi"us, aainst a!! the !a(s o- the Ce!tic Britons rear"in (ar-are, +ersona!!, +ut to "eath man,
+risoners o- (ar) 8When he .ecame so exhauste" that he ha" to ive u+ -or a time, he or"ere" the
remain"er to .e s/inne" a!ive, an" in this state he ha" them .urnt8) Furin his rein, re+orts o- a
monstrous anima! (rea/in havoc in the (est reache" the /in) 06n %eo--re, o- 1onmouth8s
oriina! Batin, the creature is ca!!e" a Be!ua)2 With t,+ica!, i- hast,, .rava"o 1orvi"us -ouht the
.east a!one, .ut the monster /i!!e" him, an" "evoure" his cor+se 8as i- he ha" .een a tin, -ish)8
%or.onianus 0%(rvinia(2 -o!!o(e" 1orvi"us in ca DD6 BC) @e (as much reno(ne" -or his
oo"ness as a ru!er, an" (as succee"e" ., Archa!!o 0Artha!2 (ho reine" -rom ca DD0 5D26 BC)
@e (as the ver, o++osite o- his e!"er .rother %or.onianus, an" such (as his t,rann, that he (as
eventua!!, "e+ose" ., the no.i!it, o- the rea!m) @is ,ouner .rother, E!i"urus, (as e!ecte" /in in
his +!ace) @e (as surname" &he Futi-u! .ecause o- the com+assion that he sho(e" to(ar"s his
"e+ose" e!"er .rother) E!i"urus exercise" this com+assion to the +oint o- a."icatin a-ter a.out -ive
,ears in -avour o- a no( re-orme" Archa!!o, (hose su.se:uent .ehaviour as /in (as a com+!ete
reversa! o- his -ormer rein) Archa!!o "ie" a-ter a.out ten ,ears, at (hich +oint E!i"urus resume"
the cro(n) @o(ever, his rein (as to .e interru+te" once aain)
@is t(o ,ouner .rothers, 6nenius an" Pere"urus, re.e!!e" an" incarcerate" E!i"urus in a to(er)
Fivi"in the !an" .et(een them, 6nenius ru!e" the south (hi!st Pere"urus ru!e" north o- the
@um.er) 6nenius "ie" seven ,ears !ater, an" Pere"urus (ent on to rein over the (ho!e is!an" -or a
-urther three ,ears, .ein /no(n as a (ise an" .ene-icent /in) @e "ie" in ca 276 BC, an" E!i"urus
came to the throne -or a thir" time) At this +oint, the or"er o- succession .ecomes rather
com+!icate", (ith cousin succee"in cousin) 4ina!!, the succession seems to sett!e "o(n to a -ather5
son or"er, at !east -or the next thirt,5one reins, the short !enth o- the averae rein 0556 ,ears2
in"icatin +o!itica! turmoi! -or that +erio" o- one hun"re" an" sevent, ,ears or so, unti! the
accession o- @e!i 0Be!i 1a(r in the We!sh2 in a.out the ,ear 11D BC) @e ru!e" -or -ort, ,ears unti!
7D BC (hen his son Bu" .ecame /in) Bu" re.ui!t the cit, that Brutus ha" -oun"e" an" ha" name"
9e( &ro,, an" rename" it $aer!u", the cit, o- Bu", a-ter his o(n name) &he name o- the cit, (as
!ater corru+te" to $aer!un"ein, (hich the 3omans too/ u+ as Bon"inium, hence Bon"on) At his
"eath, Bu" (as .urie" in an entrance to the cit, that sti!! .ears his name, Bu"ate) @is ,ounest
.rother, 9ennius 09,nn,a(2, -ouht han" to han" (ith Ku!ius Caesar on the !atter8s invasion o-
Britain in the ,ear 55 BC) &he 3omans ha" .een tr,in to set u+ cam+ in the &hames estuar, (hen
the Britons -e!! u+on them ., sur+rise) A!thouh 9ennius (as -orce" a(a, -rom Caesar ., other
so!"iers, he "i" manae to ca+ture the em+eror8s s(or") Esca+in, 9ennius "ie" o- his (oun"s
-i-teen "a,s !ater an" (as .urie" .esi"e the northern entrance to &rinovantum 0mo"ern Bisho+sate
in Bon"onA2) &he s(or" that he too/ as s+oi!s, an" (hich he ha" name" Ye!!o( Feath, (as .urie"
(ith him) But the man (ho (as actua!!, /in o- the Britons (hen Caesar !an"e", (as
Cassive!aunus 0$ass(a!!a(n2 (ho reine" -rom ca 5E5DE BC) Betra,e" ., An"roeus, his .rother
Bu"8s e!"est son, Cassive!aunus (as eventua!!, starve" into su.mission (hen the 3omans !ai" siee
to his -ort)
@e (as succee"e" ., &envantius, /no(n in other histories as &asciovanus, (ho reine" -rom ca DE5
1E BC) An" then he (as -o!!o(e" ., C,m.e!ine 0$,nve!,n (ho reine" ca 1E BC5AF 122) $no(n
to the 3omans as Cunobelinus* he (as the son an" heir o- &envantius) C,m.e!ine ha" receive" a
3oman u+.rinin in the 6m+eria! househo!", an" on his succession to the British cro(n, he reine"
-or ten ,ears) 0@is rein (as) immorta!ise" in Sha/es+eare8s +!a,, C,m.e!ine)2 &he man (ho
succee"e" him (as %ui"erius 0%(,"r2 (ho reine" -rom ca AF 12 5 ;D) On inheritin the cro(n,
he +rom+t!, re-use" toam+C +a, tri.ute to 3ome) &he em+eror C!au"ius, on his invasion o- Britain
in the ,ear AF ;D, (as attac/e" ., %ui"erius8 -orces at Portchester) Furin the attac/, %ui"erius
(as .etra,e" an" /i!!e") Arvirarus next too/ the cro(n reinin -rom ca AF ;D557) &a/in
comman" o- the British -orces on the "eath o- his .rother %ui"erius, Arvira emere" as victor -rom
a ma?or s/irmish (ith C!au"ius8 troo+s) @e eventua!!, ru!e" Britain as the em+eror8s +u++et5/in) At
his "eath, he (as interre" at %!oucester) 1arius 01a,ric2 came next, an" ru!e" -rom ca AF 57577)
6nheritin the cro(n -rom his -ather, 1arius en?o,e" -rien"!, re!ations (ith 3ome) Furin his rein,
he "e-eate" an" /i!!e" So"eric, /in o- the Picts, in a reat .att!e) &he +resent count, o-
Westmor!an" (as so name" in 1arius8 honour .ecause o- the .att!e, an" 1arius accor"in!, ha" an
inscri.e" stone set u+ in the count, commemoratin his victor,)
Coi!us, his son, then ru!e") @e ha" .een raise" an" e"ucate" as a 3oman) Coi!us (as to ru!e his
/in"om in +eace an" +ros+erit,, .ein succee"e" ., his son Bucius) &a/in u+ the cro(n on his
-ather Coi!us8 "eath, Bucius (as to sen" to 3ome -or teachers o- the Christian -aith) @e in turn
+asse" on the cro(n to %eta, a son o- the 3oman Severus) @e (as e!ecte" /in o- the Britons ., the
3oman Senate) @e (as eventua!!, /i!!e" ., his ha!-5.rother Bassianus (ho reine" -rom ca AF
2215256) Bi/e %eta, he (as a son o- Severus, .ut ., a British no.!e(oman) &he Britons e!ecte"
Bassianus /in a-ter he ha" /i!!e" his ha!-5.rother) Carausius then too/ the cro(n) A-ter raisin a
-!eet o- shi+s (ith the .!essin o- the 3oman Senate, Carausius inva"e" Britain) @e com+e!!e" the
Britons to +roc!aim him /in, an" /i!!e" Bassianus in the ensuin .att!e) @e (as eventua!!,
mur"ere" ., the 3oman !eate, A!!ectus, an" it (as "urin A!!ectus8 time that a Briton once more
he!" the throne)
Asc!e+io"otus 0A!,ss!a+it(!(s2 reine" -rom ca AF 2765D06) @e ha" he!" the /in"om o-
Corn(a!! (hen he (as e!ecte" overa!! /in ., the Britons) @is e!ection to the throne an attem+t .,
the Britons to .rea/ the t,rann, o- the A!!ectus) #n"er A!!ectus, Bivius %a!!us he!" the cit, o-
Bon"on) 6n the ensuin siee, a-ter he ha" /i!!e" A!!ectus outsi"e the cit,, Asc!e+io"otus +romise"
the 3omans that a!! the arrison (ou!" .e s+are" i- the, surren"ere" (ithout -urther resistance) &his
(as aree" to, a!thouh the =ene"oti men o- %(,ne"" in Wa!es "eci"e" to +ut the 3omans to .,
.ehea"in them a!!) &he hea"s (ere thro(n into the stream ca!!e" 3antgallu% in the British tonue
a-ter the name o- Bivius %a!!us) &he !ater Saxons, sti!! +er+etuatin the 3oman !ea"er8s name, /ne(
it as 2alabro#* an" to"a, this name has .een -urther corru+te" to :aibroo+. As an asi"e, in the
1E60s a !are num.er o- s/u!!s (ere excavate" -rom the .e" o- the Wai.roo/ .e-ore it (as .ui!t
over, .ein the remnants no "ou.t o- this massacre) 6t (as "urin the rein o- Asc!e+io"otus that the
Fioc!etian Persecution .ean in AF D0D)
Asc!e+io"otus (as -ina!!, "e-eate" an" /i!!e" ., the /in (hose name has .een immorta!ise" in the
nurser, rh,me, Coe! 0O!" $in Co!e2, (ho reine" -rom ca AF D065D07) $no(n in other histories
as Coel 0en 2odhebog* Coe! -oun"e" the cit, o- Co!chester that sti!! .ears his name &/aer#oli%,.
@is "auhter, @e!en, (as marrie" to Constantius, a 3oman Senator, (ho (as sent to Britain as
!eate) @e .ecame /in on Coe!8s "eath) @e in turn (as succee"e" ., his son Constantine 062, (ho
ru!e" Britain -rom ca AF D125D7) @e (ent on to .ecome the -amous em+eror o- 3ome (ho
!ea!ise" the Christian re!iion) Octavius 0E,"a-2 too/ the cro(n in Constantine8s a.sence at 3ome,
ru!in "urin the +erio"s o- ca AF DD05DD5 an" DD55D;E) @e revo!te" (hi!st Constantine (as in
3ome, an" assume" the British cro(n) 6n AF D;E, he (as succee"e" ., 1aximianus 01axen
W!e"ic2, the ne+he( o- Coe!, (ho he!" the cro(n ., virtue o- that "escent) @e eventua!!, !e-t
Britain to ru!e in %au! an" %erman,, ma/in Cara"ocus 0$ra"a(c2 /in o- the Britons in his stea"
in a.out the ,ear AF D62) @e (as !ater assassinate" in 3ome 0AF D752 ., one o- the -rien"s o- his
successor .ut one, %racianus) Fionotus 0unname" in the We!sh chronic!e2 o- the /in"om o-
Corn(a!! too/ the cro(n o- Britain an" ru!e" -rom ca AF D755DE7) &hen %racianus reine" -rom ca
AF DE75;02) @e (as oriina!!, sent to Britain ., 1aximianus to -iht o-- an invasion o- the Picts
an" @uns) @o(ever, u+on success-u!!, re+e!!in the inva"ers he assume" the cro(n an" or"ere" the
mur"er o- 1aximianus) @e (as !ater himse!- to su--er "eath at the han"s o- an assassin)
Constanine 0662 0$,stennin2 then ru!e" -rom ca AF ;02 5;20, havin inva"e" Britain at the re:uest
o- %uithe!inus, the Arch.isho+ o- Bon"on, an" (as cro(ne" /in at Si!chester) @e (as mur"ere"
., an un/no(n Pict) @e (as then succee"e" ., Constans 0$onstant =,narch2, ca AF ;205;D7,
Constantine 668s e!"est son, (ho ha" trie" to avoi" the +eri!s o- the cro(n ., .ecomin a mon/ at
Winchester) @e (as -orci.!, remove" -rom the monaster, an" cro(ne" ., =ortiern (ho, ho(ever,
!ater or"ere" his mur"er) =ortiern himse!- 0%(rthe,rn %(rthenav2 ru!e" -or t(o +erio"s, ca AF
;D75;55 an" ;605;E0) 6t (as =ortiern (ho invite" the Saxon a"venturers, @enist an" @orsa, to
Britain to he!+ -iht the Picts) At this +oint, his son =ortimer too/ over the /in"om, ex+e!!in the
Saxons a-ter -our nota.!e .att!es, one o- them .ein the .att!e o- A,!es-or" in $ent (here his
.rother $atiern (as s!ain) =ortimer (as eventua!!, +oisone" on the or"ers o- his -ather8s ne( (i-e,
the "auhter o- @enist, an" =ortiern once aain resume" the cro(n) A-ter a "isastrous rein
"urin (hich the Britons .ean to !ose their !an" irretrieva.!, to the Saxons, =ortiern (as .urne"
a!ive in a to(er ., Aure!ius Am.rosius) &his /in 0Emr,s W!e"ic in the We!sh2 reine" -rom ca AF
;E05501) Surname" Ain.rosius, he (as too ,oun at the "eath o- Constans in AF ;D7 to ta/e u+ the
cro(n) @e (as there-ore smu!e" a.roa", an" (as raise" in the househo!" o- /in Bu"icius o-
Britann,) Eventua!!, "ec!are" /in o- Britain, Am.rosius /i!!e" =ortiern an" -orce" the Saxons to
retreat to A!.an, 0Scot!an"2, at the same time ca+turin an" executin @enist at $aerconan,
+resent5"a, Conis.orouh) @e (as eventua!!, +oisone" ., Eo++a the Saxon on the or"ers o-
Paschent, the ,ounest son o- =ortiern)
Aure!ius Am.rosius (as succee"e" in ca AF 501 ., his .rother, #ther Pen"raon) 9ame" #ther at
.irth, he (as /in o- the Si!ures) @e assume" the surname +en5Fraon 0son o- the "raon2 a-ter the
a++earance o- a "raon5!i/e comet in the s/,) Bi/e his .rother Aure!ius, he ha" .een smu!e"
a.roa" on the mur"er o- Constans) Once /in, ho(ever, he consorte" a"u!terous!, (ith Yerna
0Eir2 the (i-e o- %or!ois, "u/e o- Corn(a!!) %or!ois (as /i!!e" ., #ther Pen"raon8s so!"iers at
Fimiioc &4inblot in the We!sh chronic!e2 as #ther Pen"raon (as se"ucin Yerna) But o- their
union (as .orn the most -amous o- the British /ins, Arthur, (ho reine" over the Britons -rom ca
AF 52155;2) Arthur succee"e" his -ather as) /in at on!, -i-teen ,ears o- ae) @is sister Anna
marrie" Bu"icius 66 o- Britann,) &he narrative is some(hat con-use",) .ut she seems !ater to have
marrie" Both o- Bo"onesia (ho (as !ater to .ecome /in o- 9or(a,)
At his "eath, Arthur +asse" the cro(n to Constantine 06662, the son o- the 8"u/e8 o- Corn(a!!)
Constantine, (hose rein !aste" -our ,ears, crushe" a revo!t o- the Saxons, .ut (as !ater struc/
"o(n 8., %o"8s veneance8) @e (as succee"e" in AF 5;6 ., his ne+he(, Aure!ius Conanus 0$,nan
W!e"ic in the We!sh2, (ho, ho(ever, on!, came to the throne ., im+risonin his unname" unc!e,
the son o- Constantine, the true heir) @is rein (as -o!!o(e" in ca 5;7 ver, .rie-!, ., that o-
=orti+orius, (ho re+e!!e" an invasion -rom %erman,) @is su.se:uent -ate is unrecor"e", a!thouh
he can have reine" -or on!, a ,ear or !ess) But he (as -o!!o(e" ., 1a!o, (hose rein !aste" -rom
ca AF 5505555) Accor"in to a s+eech recor"e" -or us ., %eo--re, o- 1onmouth, 1a!o ha" t(o
sons, Ennianus an" 3un, neither o- (hom succee"e" him) 1a!o is e!se(here /no(n as 1ae!(n
%(,ne"", the /in o- %(,ne"" (ho "ie" -rom the Ye!!o( P!aue that (as ravain Euro+e "urin
the 550s) @e (as succee"e" ., $ere"ic, (hose oriin is unrecor"e", (ho retire" into Wa!es a-ter a
.att!e, an" (hose rein (as -o!!o(e" ., those o- three unname" 8t,rants8)
&hen, short!, a-ter the ,ear AF 600, came Ca"van) $no(n in the We!sh chronic!es as Ca"-an a.
!ao, /in o- %(,ne"", he (as o- north We!sh "escent) @e .ean as /in o- the =ene"oti 0men o-
%(,ne""2 an" succee"e" to the /inshi+ o- a!! the Britons ., enain in .att!e Ethe!-rith, the
Saxon /in o- 9orthum.ria, (ho, (ith Ethe!.ert o- $ent, carrie" out the massacre o- the British
mon/s at Banor in AF 60;) Ethe!-rith an" Ca"van "ivi"e" the countr, .et(een them, Ca"van
ru!in over the southern ha!-) @is rein !aste" unti! ca AF 625) @e marrie" a Saxon no.!e(oman o-
the %e(issae) @e (as -o!!o(e" ., Ca"(a!!o (ho "ie" o- o!" ae in the ,ear AF 6DD) But he (as
succee"e" ., Ca"(a!!a"er 0$,"(a!a"r ven"iai"2 (hose rein (as "ivi"e" into t(o +erio"s -rom
ca AF 6DD56;D an" 65;566;) &(e!ve ,ears a-ter he inherite" the cro(n, Ca"(a!!a"er (as struc/
"o(n (ith an uns+eci-ie" i!!ness, an" "urin his inca+acit, the Britons -e!! to (arrin amonst
themse!ves) Fue to the civi! (ar an" "ue no "ou.t to the conse:uent ne!ect an" "estruction o- the
cro+s, the countr, (as ravae" ., a !on5remem.ere" -amine that (as -o!!o(e" ., the +!aue) 4or
sa-et,8s sa/e, Ca"(a!!a"er souht re-ue on the continent, enterin Brittan, (here he (as receive"
(ith much /in"ness ., /in A!an 66) E!even ,ears !ater, A!an +ersua"e" Ca"(a!!a"er to return to
Britain an" resume his rein) @is sta, in Brittan, (ou!" thus have -a!!en .et(een the ,ears AF 6;D5
65;) @e (as then -o!!o(e" ., Yvor, (ho, (ith his cousin Yni, ru!e" over the remainin Britons (ho
ha" -ina!!, .een "riven into Wa!es) 6t (as, in"ee", "urin Yvor8s rein that the British came to .e
/no(n "is+arain!, as the We!sh, -rom an ancient Saxon (or" meanin a .ar.aric -oreiner)
Bet(een them, Yvor an" Yni .ecame a +ersistent nuisance to the Saxons, harassin them -or man,
,ears, ))).ut !itt!e oo" "i" it "o them>
An" that, in a nutshe!!, is (hat the ear!, chronic!es te!! us a.out the /ins o- the Britons) &he
chronic!es themse!ves, o- course, te!! a much -u!!er stor,, .ut there is !itt!e extraor"inar, in an, o- it)
6n"ee", as (e sa( in the +revious cha+ter, there is much o- it that can .e historica!!, veri-ie") So (e
are +resente" (ith the sim+!e :uestion as to (h, a t(o thousan" ,ear recor"e" histor, has .een so
+ointe"!, inore" ., mo"ern scho!ars) Wh, is it that the histor, o- Britain is an entire!, .!an/ +ae
.e-ore the ,ear 55 BC in an, conventiona! mo"ern histor, .oo/ (hen such an easi!, accessi.!e an"
in-ormative recor" is at han"A Cou!" it have an,thin to "o (ith the -act that the Britons trace" their
ancestr, in these +re5Christian recor"s .ac/ to +atriarchs that are /no(n to us -rom the %enesis
recor" .ut o- (hom the Britons shou!" have /no(n nothin in their +re5Christian cu!ture i- (hat the
mo"ernists have a!(a,s to!" us (as trueA &his enea!o, is !ai" out in A++en"ix 7 o- this +resent
.oo/) But this is on!, +art o- the reat matter that is omitte" -rom mo"ern rec/onin an" o- (hich
the +u.!ic is una(are) We sha!! see that there is much e!se .esi"es rear"in the histories an"
enea!oies o- other Euro+ean +eo+!es that is a!so inore" .ut (hich !i/e(ise veri-ies the %enesis
account)
== *9E>
MAIN A!E """#creatio$is%#or&
#E?T @@


A-ter the 4!oo" 5 by Bill Cooper
CHAPTER
I
CHAPTER
II
CHAPTER
III
CHAPTER
IV
CHAPTER
V
CHAPTER
VI
CHAPTER
VII
CHAPTER
VIII
CHAPTER
IX
CHAPTER
X
CHAPTER
XI
CHAPTER
XII
CHAPTER
XIII
== *9E>
"The early post-flood history of
Europe traced back to Noah"
#E?T @@
C'ATER 0
The Desce$t of the A$&lo-1a2o$ /i$&s
6t (ou!" not .e "i--icu!t to o out an" .u, !itera!!, hun"re"s o- .oo/s that
"ea! (ith the histor, o- the Saxons in En!an") 6t is a -ascinatin an"
+o+u!ar su.?ect, an" the mar/et a.oun"s (ith .oo/s ranin -rom the
serious!, aca"emic to 8co--ee5ta.!e8 .oo/s -i!!e" (ith +ictures o- An!o5
Saxon (ea+onr, an" other re!ics) =irtua!!, a!! the +o+u!ar (or/s on the
su.?ect .ein (ith the mi""!e o- the 5th centur, AF (hen the Saxons
.ean to mirate to this countr, -rom their continenta! homes) Some
.oo/s ma, even re-er .rie-!, to those continenta! homes in or"er to
"emonstrate to the rea"er that the An!o5Saxons "i" not sim+!,
materia!ise .ut actua!!, came -rom some(here rea!) But that is virtua!!,
The +escent of Si,
!nglo-Sa,on .oyal
/o#ses from Noah
&East Anglia* /ent*
-indsey* Mer#ia*
3orthu%bria ; :esse5,
the on!, mention that is iven to the +re5miration histor, o- the Saxons)
A!! that came .e-ore, (e are !e-t to assume, is !ost in the mists o-
anti:uit,, an" the +re5miration histor, o- the Saxons is sim+!, !e-t as a
.!an/ +ae) 9o( (h, shou!" this .eA 6s it .ecause the Saxons themse!ves
!e-t no recor" o- (hat came .e-oreA Or, as in the case o- the ear!, Britons,
is it .ecause (hat the Saxons "i" have to sa, a.out their o(n +ast, runs
counter to the mo"ernist cree"A
&o .e -air, the Saxons "o not seem to have .rouht over (ith them a
"etai!e" chronic!e" histor, o- their nation !i/e that +ossesse" ., the
Britons or, in"ee", the 6rish Ce!ts (hich (e sha!! examine !ater) &hat is
not to sa, that none existe", o- course ?ust that none has survive" to the
+resent "a, -rom that +re5emiration +erio") What has survive", ho(ever,
is a "etai!e" enea!o, o- the +re5miration, an" hence +re5Christian,
/ins o- the Saxons, an" this ena.!es us to ta/e Saxon histor, .ac/,
eneration ., eneration, to the ear!iest ,ears a-ter the 4!oo") But this is
no ne( "iscover,) 6t (as ever,"a, /no(!e"e to the historians o-
+revious centuries) On &hurs"a, 6th Ku!, 1600, -or exam+!e, a certain
E!iJa.ethan tourist, Baron Wa!"stein, visite" Bon"on8s Bam.eth Pa!ace)
@is ?ourna! te!!s us that in one o- the rooms there he sa('
8)))a s+!en"i" enea!o, o- a!! the $ins o- En!an", an" another
enea!o,, a historica! one, (hich covers the (ho!e o- time an" is trace"
"o(n -rom the Beinnin o- the Wor!")8 012
Bater, arrivin at 3ichmon" Pa!ace on 2Eth Ku!,, he sa( in the !i.rar,
there'
8))) .eauti-u!!, set out on +archment, a enea!o, o- the /ins o- En!an"
(hich oes .ac/ to A"am)8 022
Such enea!oies (ere immense!, +o+u!ar, an" as -ascinatin to the enera! +u.!ic as the, (ere to
historians an" other scho!ars) As ta.!es o- "escent, the, +rovi"e" a continuous recor" o- human
histor, -rom the Creation, throuh the +ost54!oo" era, "o(n to mo"ern times) But it (as these ver,
attri.utes that ma"e these recor"s un+a!ata.!e to certain scho!ars (ho "e!ihte" to ca!! themse!ves
3ationa!ists, an" (ho souht -rom the 1Eth centur, on(ar"s to re+!ace such histor, (ith certain
anti5.i.!ica! notions o- their o(n) 0D2 Such (as their success in this, that to"a, har"!, a scho!ar can
.e -oun" (ho (ou!" "are to .ase his histor, on the truth an" re!ia.i!it, o- these recor"s) So (hat is
in the ear!, Saxon recor"s that ren"ers them so un+a!ata.!e to mo"ernist taste, .ut (hich miht
interest us in our +resent en:uir,A
&he +re5miration recor"s that have come "o(n to us are in the -orm o- enea!oies an" /in5!ists,
an" 6 have assem.!e" the ta.!e o- "escent (hich o+ens this cha+ter -rom each t,+e) &hat ta.!e
sho(s the 0sometimes sim+!i-ie"2 "escent o- six o- the An!o5Saxon ro,a! houses o- En!an") &he
houses are those o- Wessex 0(ccidentali#m Sa,on#m2C o- Bin"se, 00indis fearna2C o- $ent
0Cantwarior#m2C o- 1ercia 0Mercior#m2C o- 9orthum.ria 0Northa hymror#m2C an" o- East
An!ia 01stanglor#m2) But it is the treatment that these recor"s have receive" -rom the han"s o-
mo"ernist scho!ars that is as -ascinatin, an" as te!!in, as the recor"s themse!ves, an" (e sha!! here
consi"er the vei! o- con-usion an" o.scurit, that mo"ern scho!arshi+ has thro(n over them)
We are common!, as/e" to .e!ieve that these six ro,a! -ami!ies concocte" these !ists, an" that the
!ists are thus ren"ere" untrust(orth, an" -a!se) We are as/e" to acce+t that, sa,, the @ouse o- $ent
concocte" a !ist o- ancestra! names that ?ust ha++ens to coinci"e in its ear!ier +ortions (ith that o-,
sa,, the @ouse o- 9orthum.ria, in s+ite o- the -act that the t(o /in"oms !a, hun"re"s o- mi!es
a+art, s+o/e "i--erent "ia!ects an" (hose +eo+!e har"!, ever (an"ere" .e,on" their o(n .or"ers
un!ess it (as to -iht) An", moreover, that this ha++ene" not .et(een ?ust t(o o- the ro,a! houses,
.ut a!! six> &o +ut it mi!"!,, that is a !ot to as/, an" (e sha!! ta/e this o++ortunit, to examine these
recor"s, (hose ear!ier +ortions can .e "ate" .ac/ to (e!! .e-ore the "a(nin o- the Christian era
amonst the Saxons, so that the, ma, s+ea/ -or themse!ves)
Furin the summers o- 17DE an" 17D7, there came to !iht one o- the reatest archaeo!oica!
"iscoveries o- the centur,) 6t (as the Sutton @oo .uria! shi+ o- one o- the reat /ins o- East
An!ia) 6t is common!, .e!ieve" to .e that o- 3ae"(a!" 0or 3e"(a!"2 (ho .ecame Bretwalda in
the ,ear AF 616 0his name a++ears on the enea!o,2) &he ro,a! tit!e o- Bret(a!"a a++ears in the
An!o5Saxon Chronic!e 01S) C 5 British 1useum Cotton 1S) &i.erius) B) i)2 as Bretenanwealda,
an" means !itera!!, the one ru!er o- Britain) 6n other (or"s, 3ae"(a!" (as the su+reme /in to
(hom a!! the other +rovincia! /ins o(e" o.eisance) 9o( Be"e 0;2 te!!s us that 3ae"(a!" (as .orn
o- the W#ffingas, as (ere a!! the East An!ian /ins, an" it is this tit!e that te!!s us somethin o- the
seriousness (ith (hich the An!o5Saxons /e+t their +e"irees)
6n"ee", such (as the veneration sho(n to ancestors in enera! that some o- those ancestors (ho
-oun"e" ",nasties or (ho other(ise achieve" "istinction, (ere !ater (orshi++e" as o"s) But even
i- a certain ancestor (as not actua!!, "ei-ie", i- he sim+!, -oun"e" a .ranch -rom the main stoc/,
then that .ranch ever a-ter .ore his name) An" one such exam+!e is 3ae"(a!"8s ancestor Wu--a)
9o( Wu--a (as not the -irst /in o- East An!ia) &hat honour norma!!, oes to his -ather Wehh, or
Wehha, (ho reine" in the ear!, 6th centur,, an" -or !ac/ o- recor" (e are !e-t to (on"er (hat
other(ise "istinuishe" Wu--a -rom his -ather -or him to .e rear"e" (ith such "istinction that a!!
his "escen"ants name" themse!ves a-ter him rather than a-ter his -ather, (ho (as, a-ter a!!, the ver,
-oun"er o- the ro,a! !ine o- the East An!ian /ins)
Wu--a, o- course, (as not the on!, Saxon to -oun" a c!an) Sce!"(ea, other(ise /no(n as Sc,!"
0+ronounce" 8shie!"82 -oun"e" the Scyldingas) %eat, 0+ronounce" 8eet8 or 8ate82, !i/e(ise -oun"e"
the Geatingas) Beo(u!- o- e+ic -ame 0see cha+ter 122 (as a %eatin, an" %eat himse!- (as
inevita.!, iven a +!ace in the Saxons8 ancestra! +antheon) 9ennius te!!s us that he (as one o- the
-a!se o"s (hom the +aan Saxons (orshi++e", an" (e rea" the same in Assher an" other sources)
052
1ost o- the characters in the !ater +art o- the enea!o, are (e!! /no(n to us) Ethe!.ert, -or
exam+!e, is -amous as the /in o- $ent (hen Auustine !an"e" here in AF 577 (ith instructions to
.rin the En!ish un"er the "ominion o- the +a+ac,) @is 0Ethe!.ert8s2 sister, 3icu!a, marrie" into the
East Saxon ",nast, in the ,ear AF 5E0 or therea.outs 0see A++en"ix E2, thus unitin t(o ver,
+o(er-u! ro,a! ",nasties) Cer"ic o- Wessex, reine" -rom AF 517) But o- reat interest to us is one
o- the +re5miration ancestors o- Cer"ic, name!, %e(is, (ho i!!ustrates even more +o(er-u!!, the
veneration -or ancestra! names an" the +urit, o- +e"iree that (as consi"ere" so im+ortant to the
ear!, Saxon sett!ers o- Britain)
%e(is -oun"e" the c!an o- the %e(issae (ho !ater sett!e" in the (est o- En!an", an" in the charters
that have survive", the /ins o- Wessex are each st,!e" Re5 2eissoru%. @o(ever, (hen A!-re" o-
Wessex trans!ate" into O!" En!ish Be"e8s 0istoria E##lesiasti#ae* he su++resse" the tit!e Re5
2eissoru%* an" his reason -or "oin this (as un"ou.te"!, the .!atant!, +aan connotations o- the
name) A!-re" himse!-, as a su++ose"!, oo" an" Christian /in, (ante" no such association o- his
name (ith that o- %e(is) 6t (ou!" have ha" the same uncom-orta.!e soun" as st,!in himse!- /in
o- the chi!"ren o- Wo"en, an" this (ou!" have .een anathema .oth to himse!- an" to his Christian
c!erica! ministers) An" ,et, an" here (e come to the sini-icant +oint, in his o(n authorise"
.iora+h, 0i)e) Asser8s -i!e o! Al!red,* (hich A!-re" himse!- un"ou.te"!, oversa( (ith reat care,
the name o- %e(is is a!!o(e" to stan" +rou" as one o- A!-re"8s ancestors> A!-re", (hi!st (i!!in
enouh to "ro+ -or himse!- the hitherto ro,a! .ut +aan tit!e o- Re5 2eissoru%* (as c!ear!, not
+re+are" to ex+une the name o- %e(is -rom the ro,a! !ine, sim+!, .ecause the ro,a! enea!oies
(ere themse!ves sacrosanct an" invio!a.!e) An" this shou!" .e care-u!!, consi"ere" .e-ore an,
-urther assurance is iven that these ro,a! enea!oies (ere -ree!, tam+ere" (ith, an a!!eation that
has .een ma"e an" re+eate" in count!ess mo"ernist (or/s on the su.?ect)
But it is not on!, a!!ee" that these enea!oies (ere tam+ere" (ith) 6t is ?ust as o-ten state" that
the, (ere -ree!, invente", the motive -or this extraor"inar, act su++ose"!, .ein to enhance the
!ea! cre"i.i!it, o- an, u+start /in8s other(ise i!!ea! c!aim to the cro(n) An" this has !e" on more
than one occasion to a most :uestiona.!e state o- a--airs) Consi"er, -or exam+!e, the case o- A!-re"8s
-ather, Aethe!(u!-, an" the treatment that has .een exten"e" to his enea!o, ., certain scho!ars
(ho shou!", +erha+s, have /no(n .etter)
1aoun 062 treats the enea!o, o- Aethe!(u!-, (hich a++ears in Asser8s -i!e o! Al!red* in the
-o!!o(in (a,) Asser ives the !ine -rom Wo"en .ac/ to 9oah exact!, as it a++ears in our ta.!e,
(ith the exce+tion that the name 4rea(ine is omitte") &his is a!! (e!! an" oo", .ecause such a+s
"o occur an" must .e ex+ecte") @o(ever, Asser oes on to recite the ancestors o- 9oah .ac/ to
A"am, an" the names he ives 0in ascen"in or"er2 are exact!, the same as those that a++ear in
"escen"in or"er in %enesis 5, the .oo/ o- the %enerations o- A"am) 9o(, these same names are
iven exact!, 0exce+t that the, a++ear in ascen"in or"er2 in Bu/e D'D65DE, an" 1aoun tries to
ma/e a case -or aruin that Asser .orro(e" his names not -rom %enesis 5, .ut -rom Bu/e) We !oo/
in vain -or an, so!i" reason (h, 1aoun shou!" -avour Bu/e as the source rather than %enesis,
other than the -act that Bu/e, !i/e Asser, !ists his names in ascen"in or"er) An" -or (ant o- a oo"
reason, (e are !e-t mere!, (ith 1aoun8s some(hat se!-5assure" statement, 8)))6 am con-i"ent that)))
But no( (e arrive at exact!, (h, it is that 1aoun (ishes to assin a Bucan oriin to the names
rather than an oriin in %enesis) 6t is this'
8B, virtue o- this association 0what associationA2 (ith Bu/e8s enea!o, o- Kesus the tota! e--ect is
to ma/e Aethe!(u!- ., acci"ent or "esin, .ut in an, case in a +ointe" (a,, a co!!atera! re!ative o-
Our Bor")8
6n other (or"s, 1aoun is a!!ein that this enea!o, is ,et another 8+ious -rau"8 concocte" .,
Christian mon/s (ho souht to enhance Aethe!(u!-8s stan"in amonst his u!!i.!e su.?ects .,
someho( !i/enin or re!atin him to Christ) But "oes the a!!eation stan" u+ to the evi"enceA 9o>
A-ter 9oah, Asser8s !ist .ears no resem.!ance (hatever to that o- Bu/e, an" i- 1aoun is suestin
that ., virtue o- Aethe!(u!-8s "escent -rom 9oah, Aethe!(u!- is thus ma"e a co!!atera! re!ative o-
Our Bor", then 1aoun has c!ear!, not consi"ere" the -act that as a!! men are "escen"e" -rom
9oah, then the ro,a! Aethe!(u!- (ou!" have .een no .etter than the common man> A rea!
contra"iction i- ever there (as one) Sure!,, i-, as 1aoun suests, Aethe!(u!- ha" tru!, (ishe" to
.e seen as a .!oo"5re!ative o- Christ, then he (ou!" have concocte" a !ist that (ent .ac/ to the ro,a!
house o- Favi", -rom (hom Kesus (as "escen"e" throuh @is mother) But nothin o- the /in" is
o--ere") 3ather, Aethe!(u!-8s !ine is trace" throuh that o- /ins (ho (ere notorious in the ear!,
anna!s -or their +aanism, an" 1aoun8s chare, so o-ten :uote" an" so revere" in mo"ernist
circ!es, -a!!s -!at on its +rover.ia! -ace) &he enea!o, runs counter to a!! that is a!!ee" aainst it)
Yet that is not the en" o- the -o!!,, -or $e,nes an" Ba+i"e +ro+ose the most astonishin notion o-
a!!, an" it is one (hich "ra(s our attention to the name o- Scea- on our enea!o,, 0+ronounce"
8shea-8 or 8shai-82) 1a/in the most o- the -act that Asser a!!ee"!, miss+e!t Scea-8s name as Seth in
the ro,a! enea!o,, the, .!an"!, in-orm their rea"ers that'
8&o(ar"s the en" o- the enea!o,, Asser8s MSethM, son o- 9oah, corres+on"s to Sem 0i)e) Shem2 o-
Bu/e iii)))8 072
6n other (or"s, $e,nes an" Ba+i"e are attem+tin the same thin as 1aoun, 0an" the, (ere
a(are o- 1aoun8s +a+er -or the, cite it2, ., tr,in to tie in the Saxon enea!oies (ith those o- the
9e( &estament, name!, the os+e! o- Bu/e, so that the (earisome chare o- 8+ious -rau"8 cou!"
aain .e ma"e) But the, have mere!, succee"e" in ren"erin their o(n arument ver, "ou.t-u!, -or
in the attem+t to !in/ Asser8s !ist (ith that o- Bu/e, the, are com+e!!e" to conc!u"e that in this case
the Saxons (ere -rau"u!ent!, tr,in to +ass themse!ves o-- as Semites> 9o(, there are a"mitte"!,
+hases o- %ermanic histor, that are vaue) But to suest that there ever (as a time (hen the
%ermanic races o- a!! +eo+!e (ishe" to +ro+aate the vie( that the, (ere Semitic is tru!,
extraor"inar,) Anti5Semitism has .een an inherent -eature o- %ermanic cuhure since time
immemoria! 0it (as ., no means the invention o- the 9aJis2, an" to acce+t such a +ro+osa! (e
(ou!" have to -!, in the -ace o- a!! that (e /no( a.out Saxon an" %ermanic cu!ture) We (ou!",
moreover, have to inore the -act that there exists not the s!ihtest et,mo!oica! !in/ .et(een the
names o- Seth an" Shem) But (as Asser8s a!!ee" miss+e!!in o- Seth -or Scea- tru!, an error on
Asser8s +artA Or "i" Asser /no( somethin that mo"ernist scho!ars have misse"A
&he :uestion, sur+risin!, enouh, is ans(ere" in +art ., one o- the more s/e+tica! investiators o-
mo"em times, Sisam, (ho, (hen "ea!in (ith the i"entities o- Seth an" Scea-, is -orce" to a"mit
that'
86a-eth Hi)e) Ka+hethI (as usua!!, rear"e" as the ancestor o- the Euro+ean +eo+!es, an" the
+ossi.i!it, that the !ast -our !etters o- his name have somethin to "o (ith the error Seth cannot .e
exc!u"e")8 0E2
&o -urther the i"entit, o- Asser8s Seth (ith the Scea- o- other chronic!es, (e have the testimon, o-
4!orence o- Worcester, (ho (rote in AF 111E that, 17eth 7a5oni#e 7#ea!*1 5 an" in another o- his
manuscri+ts 072 the name o- Scea- 5 is (ritten over an erasure o- the name Seth ., a !ater scri.e)
8Which sho(s that con-usion over the names ha" arisen ., the -irst ha!- o- the 12th centur, at the
ver, !atest, an" nee"e" to .e sorte" out)8 0102
But a-ter his eminent!, sensi.!e o.servation, Sisam then (ent on to create +ro.!ems o- his o(n, -or
havin (ritten an extreme!, invo!ve" an" in5"e+th stu", o- the An!o5Saxon ro,a! enea!oies,
(hen it came to the !ists o- the various .i.!ica! +atriarchs (hose names a++ear in the ear!iest +arts
o- those same +e"irees, he "ismisse" them thus'
8&he Bi.!ica! names sho( the arti-icia! character o- this !enthene" +e"iree an" the cru"eness o-
the connexions !ac/e" muster) Other(ise the, nee" not "etain us)8 0112
&his rather !are assum+tion, ho(ever, mere!, !e" him into -urther "i--icu!ties, -or he (as then !e"
to "ismiss (ith e:ua! a.ru+tness ever,thin e!se that he ha" +revious!, (ritten concernin the !ists
o- even non5.i.!ica! names>'
8Be,on" Cer"ic, a!! is -iction or error, an" i- the names themse!ves are o!", the, (ere not attache" to
the ancestr, o- the West Saxon /ins ., o!" tra"ition)8 0122
We cou!" as/ (hat the, (ere attache" ., i- not ., o!" tra"ition, a!thouh it is more to our +ur+ose
to consi"er that Sisam reconise" that one +art o- the Saxon enea!o, "e+en"s ver, much u+on the
other) 6- one section co!!a+ses, then so "o the others)
@o(ever, there are more +oints to consi"er concernin the a!!5im+ortant i"entit, o- Scea-) Sisam
has a!rea", +ointe" out that Ka+heth (as consi"ere" ., the Saxons to .e the -oun"er o- the
Euro+ean nations) Sini-icant!, +erha+s, he "oes not s+eci-, (hether this (as exc!usive!, the .e!ie-
o- the !ater ChristianiJe" Saxons, or i- it (as share" ., their +aan -ore.ears) @o(ever, the Saxons
themse!ves ha" somethin to sa, concernin Scea-, an" it (as this'
7e 7#ea! aes 3oes sunu and he aes innan theare ear#e geboren. i)e) 8&his Scea- (as 9oah8s son,
an" he (as .orn in the Ar/)8 01D 201, trans!ation2
C!ear!,, the ear!, Saxons i"enti-ie" Scea- as a son o- 9oah, an" not a "istant "escen"ant o- his, an"
it is e:ua!!, c!ear that Ka+heth is here .ein re-erre" to) But, an" here is the +oint o- reatest
sini-icance, (as Ka+heth /no(n as Scea- to the !ater Christianise" SaxonsA &he ans(er is no> &he
!ater Christianise" Saxons a!(a,s re-erre" to Ka+heth as Ka+heth) 9o !ater Saxon scho!ar /ne( him
as Scea-, as is (itnesse" in the -o!!o(in extract -rom Ae!-ric o- E,nsham8s 10th centur, (or/, (n
4he Beginning o! Creation:
8)))ac ic (i!!e ehea!"en the aenne an" thine (i- an" thine thrie suna Sem Cetam an" Ka-eth)8 8)))an" 6
(i!! save thee a!one an" th, (i-e an" th, three sons, Shem, @am an" Ka+heth)8 01, trans!ation2
&his ren"erin o- Ka+heth8s name, 6a-eth, is a.so!ute!, t,+ica! o- Christianise" Saxon usae, -or the
sim+!e reason that it is the Batin5cum5@e.re( ren"erin that a++ears in the =u!ate an" O!" Batin
versions o- the Bi.!e, (hich (ere the on!, versions /no(n to the Christianise" Saxons an" co+ie"
., them) 1oreover, (e have to consi"er the remar/ connecte" (ith the o!"er -orm o- Scea-, name!,
ho( Scea- (as not on!, 9oah8s son, .ut that he (as .orn in the Ar/) 9o(, an,one (ho (as -ami!iar
(ith the %enesis account, an" the .oo/ o- %enesis (as ver, much the -avourite .oo/ o- the
Christianise" Saxons, 01;2 (ou!" have /no(n that Ka+heth he!+e" to .ui!" the Ar/) @e cou!" not
have .een .orn in it) Which .rins us to the -o!!o(in :uestion, name!,'
6- it rea!!, ha" .een a -act that certain unscru+u!ous Christian mon/s ha" -rau"u!ent!, invente" the
+re5miration Saxon enea!oies, as mo"ernists so o-ten insist, an" ha" it rea!!, .een in their o(n
an" their +resent /in8s interests to +rove that Saxon /ins (ere ro,a!!, "escen"e" -rom Ka+heth,
then is it at a!! conceiva.!e that the, (ou!" have use" a -orm o- Ka+heth8s name that (as utter!,
un-ami!iar to those ver, rea"ers (hom the, ho+e" to convinceA An" sure!,, no e"ucate" mon/
(ou!" have ma"e such a si!!, error over Ka+heth .ein .oth in the Ar/ (hen ever, one o- his
rea"ers (ou!" have /no(n that Ka+heth, -ar -rom .ein .orn in the Ar/, ha" he!+e" to .ui!" it>
Saxon scho!ars (ere ever, .it as contentious as are the scho!ars o- an, ae, an" there (ere +!ent, o-
riva! schoo!s even in those "a,s (ho (ere more than (i!!in to .rin "o(n a scho!ar or t(o i- the,
ma"e a !au5 pas o- this manitu"e) But then, (e are not here consi"erin mere!, the a!!ee"!,
ne-arious activities o- ?ust one Christian mon/, -or in an a!toether se+arate source (e rea"'
Beoi 7#ea!ing* id est!ihius 3oe* se aes geboren on thaere Ear#e 3oes. i)e) 8Bea( Ha!ias Be"(iI
the son o- Scea- that is the son o- 9oah, (ho (as .orn on 9oah8s Ar/)8 0152 01, trans!ation2
&he +re5miration ancestra! !ist o- the An!o5Saxon /ins (ou!" .e an astonishin recor" even i- it
existe" on its o(n) But in the next cha+ter (e sha!! .e consi"erin corro.orative sources -rom other
countries a!toether, (hich con-irm the ear!iest +arts o- the Saxon enea!oies in reat an" ex+!icit
"etai!) 6t (i!! thus .ecome increasin!, o.vious that, in s+ite o- a!! mo"ernist +rotests to the
contrar,, (e are not "ea!in here (ith an, attem+te" -rau" or +iece o- Christian -iction) What (e
are "ea!in (ith is somethin (ith (hich (e are a!rea", -ami!iar -rom the chronic!es o- the ear!,
Britons, name!,, another historica! account that is :uite in"e+en"ent o- the %enesis recor", .ut
(hich it neverthe!ess veri-ies to a consi"era.!e "eree)
== *9E>
MAIN A!E """#creatio$is%#or&
#E?T @@

A-ter the 4!oo" 5 by Bill Cooper
CHAPTER
I
CHAPTER
II
CHAPTER
III
CHAPTER
IV
CHAPTER
V
CHAPTER
VI
CHAPTER
VII
CHAPTER
VIII
CHAPTER
IX
CHAPTER
X
CHAPTER
XI
CHAPTER
XII
CHAPTER
XIII
== *9E>
"The early post-flood history of
Europe traced back to Noah"
#E?T @@
C'ATER 3
The Desce$t of the Da$ish a$d Nor"e&ia$ /i$&s
6n the +revious cha+ter, (e too/ note o- the enea!oies o- six An!o5Saxon ro,a! houses that trace"
their "escent -rom Wo"en) 1oreover, (e note" that the !ineae o- Wo"en himse!- ha" a!so .een
+reserve", an" that this (as trace" .ac/ to 9oah an" Ka+heth, Ka+heth .ein /no(n to the +aan
Saxons as Scea-) 012 We sha!! ex+an" on this !ineae in this cha+ter ., notin the recor"e" "escent
o- the +aan Fanish an" 9or(eian /ins) &he ro,a! ancestra! !ist o- Fenmar/ an" 9or(a, is set
out in the ta.!e that o+ens this cha+ter, (hich contains a!so -ive other ancestra! !ists) &he source -or
each !ist is iven .eneath the ta.!e, .ut it (i!! .e notice" that three o- the !ists are o- An!o5Saxon
oriin, one ear!, British, one Fanish an" the other 6ce!an"ic, i)e) six !ists -rom -our nations)
As (e examine an" com+are the !ists, (e are struc/ ., the astonishin +oints o- simi!arit,, an" ,et
o.vious "i--erences, .et(een them) Each ancestra! !ist contains a+s, .ut never the same series o-
a+s, an" each o- their names is !iste" in at !east one other o- the !ists 0(ith the exce+tions o-
Freawine an" <odepald,. 1oreover, (e shou!" a!so note that the names a!(a,s a++ear in exact!,
the same se:uence) &here is neither con-usion nor "iscre+anc, over the chrono!oica! or"er o- each
successive eneration) But one thin that these !ists c!ear!, are not, an" that is mere co+ies o- the
same 0a!!ee"!, -rau"u!ent2 Christian source)
6t ma, .e arue" (ith conviction that Asser8s !ist, -or exam+!e, is mere!, a Batinise" version o- that
(hich a++ears in the An!o5Saxon Chronic!e, even thouh Asser inc!u"es t(o +atriarchs that the
Chronic!e omits) But that cannot .e arue" -or Ethe!(ear"8s !ist, since that omits no !ess than seven
im+ortant +atriarcha! names) 1oreover, one o- those omissions concerns the name o- 9oah, so it
cannot .e arue" that Ethe!(ear"8s source5"ocument (as a +ious -orer,, -or sure!, the o.?ect o-
such -orer, (ou!" .e to inc!u"e .i.!ica! names, an" Ethe!(ear" himse!- ha" the interit, not to
a"" 9oah8s name in con-ormit, (ith other !ists an" tra"itions o- (hich he (as un"ou.te"!, a(are)
#n!ess, o- course, mo"ernism is +re+are" to acce+t that Scea- "i" ran/ as the name o- the .i.!ica!
+atriarch, Ka+heth, amonst the +aan +eo+!es o- Euro+e) But that (ou!" on!, "emo!ish the case
that mo"ernism has .ui!t u+ so care-u!!, over the ,ears, -or (hat /no(!e"e cou!" +aan Saxons et
al have ha" o- su++ose"!, non5existent .i.!ica! characters un"er the mo"ernist scheme o- thinsA
Exact!, the same oes -or the E""a !ist) &hat too omits the name o- 9oah, ,et accurate!, +asses
"o(n the names o- most o- the other +atriarchs, Scea- or Ses/e- inc!u"e") 4urther to (hich is the
consi"eration that the E""a !ist is an 6ce!an"ic, as o++ose" to En!ish or Fanish, recor" o-
+atriarcha! "escent) A!!o(in -or o.vious !inuistic variations, ho(ever, each name is reconisa.!,
that o- a +atriarch (hose name a!so a++ears in the !ists o- Fenmar/ an" En!an") &he thir" !ist that
omits the name o- 9oah, as (e!! as other +atriarchs, is that +reserve" in 9ennius, an" (e sha!!
consi"er this short!, -or (hat it te!!s us concernin the ae o- his source5materia!)
&he ver, "iversit, o- the nations -rom (hich these !ists emere arues +o(er-u!!, aainst the
chare o- invention, -or it is sa-e to assume that i- these various +eo+!es (ere inventive enouh to
-ore the recor"s o- their o(n "escent, as (e are assure" has occurre", then the, (ere sure!,
inventive enouh to ma/e u+ their o(n stories an" not have to co+, those o- other, riva!, nations
that (ere in an, case "i--icu!t to et to) &he various +oems, saas an" -ictions that have come "o(n
to us -rom these countries sho( "iversit, enouh, an" revea! in that "iversit, their +articu!ar
nationa! .iases) &hat is on!, to .e ex+ecte") But these !ists, these ancestra! +e"irees, sho( no such
"iversit,, save that o- !inuistic variation an" enea!oica! a+s, (hich aain are on!, to .e
ex+ecte") An" i- it is to .e arue" that these !ists are virtua!!, i"entica! .ecause the 9orse +eo+!es
share" a common heritae, then that on!, arues more -orce-u!!, against their invention an" for the
extreme anti:uit, o- the materia! containe" (ithin them, -or that (ou!" have to o .ac/ to the times
.e-ore these nations "iversi-ie" an" (ent their se+arate (a,s, an" that +oint in histor, (ou!" !on
+re5"ate the comin o- the Christian -aith)
6t is a so.erin thouht that un"er an, other circumstances, the historicit, o- these common
+atriarchs (ou!" .e acce+te" unreserve"!, on the .asis o- such evi"ence) 6n"ee", the, (ou!"
norma!!, .e acce+te" on much !ess evi"ence) An" ,et in this case, an" over each one o- these !ists,
the cr, is invaria.!, sent u+ o- -orer,, -rau" an" invention, (hich in itse!- ma, te!! us more a.out
the rea! historicit, o- these "ocuments than a thousan" !earne" (or/s on the su.?ect) 4or exam+!e,
$e,nes8s an" Ba+i"e8s assertion that the Seth in Asser8s !ist is s,non,mous (ith the Shem o-
Bu/e8s os+e! 0an" there-ore the Scea- o- a!! the other !ists 5 see +revious cha+ter2 .ecomes
!auha.!e (hen seen in the context o- these other !ists, (here it is revea!e" that i- that is tru!, the
case, then the Fanes, Saxons an" 6ce!an"ers must a!! have .een c!aimin a Semitic "escent -or
themse!ves) 4or i- that chare is oo" enouh to !a, aainst the Saxons, it is a!so oo" enouh to
!a, aainst the Fanes an" 6ce!an"ers, an" -e( scho!ars, 6 thin/, (ou!" (ant to ris/ their re+utations
on that assertion>
But (e shou!" note that (hen chares simi!ar to those ma"e ., 1aoun, $e,nes an" Ba+i"e et al*
are set out .e-ore the rea"er, the, are invaria.!, ma"e in iso!ation (ith !itt!e or no ex+!anator,
evi"ence to su++ort them) S+ecu!ation is the so!e arument, an" it is !e-t mere!, -or the unin-orme"
rea"er to conc!u"e, a-ter a sometimes tortuous exercise in (or"5+!a,, that such ta.!es o- "escent
must .e m,thica!, an" that no serious scho!ar or inte!!ient !a,man (ou!" acce+t these recor"s 0or
the .oo/ o- %enesis (hich the, corro.orate2 as serious histor,)
But (hat evi"ence is there -or the true ae o- the materia! containe" in these recor"sA 4or i- that
materia!, "emonstra.!, rather than sus+icious!,, "ates -rom a-ter the time (hen the Saxons, 0an"
no( the Fanes an" 6ce!an"ers2, (ere converte" to Christianit,, then it (ou!" a"mitte"!, .e "i--icu!t
to re-ute the mo"ernist chare o- Christian com+i!ation an" -rau"u!ent use) So (e (i!! here note
certain items o- externa! an" interna! evi"ence concernin these Saxon, 6ce!an"ic an" Fanish
+atriarchs that (i!! in"icate the "e-inite!, +re5Christian oriin o- these ancestra! !ists)
We (i!! .ein our consi"erations (ith the most -ramente" o- the !ists, that o- 9ennius) 6t is iven
in cha+ter D1 o- 9ennius8 0istoria Brittonu%* an" is a -rament -rom a no( !ost recor" /no(n to
scho!ars as the /entish Chroni#le. 6t is a near5contem+orar, account o- the arriva! o- @enist on the
6s!e o- &hanet, an" it notes the "eci"e"!, +aan ancestr, that the ne(!,5arrive" Saxons c!aime" -or
themse!ves) But the "ate o- this "ocument is the most crucia! +oint, -or the !an"in o- @enist too/
+!ace in the ver, mi""!e o- the 5th centur,, an" as 1orris sa,s'
8&here is no other sin that the text o(e" an,thin to En!ish recor"sC an" the British /no(!e"e o-
$ent cannot have !aste" !on .e,on" the 6th centur,, i- so !on)8 022
6n other (or"s, (e can .e certain that at !east the Wo"en %eat !ine (as in +!ace amonst the Saxons
., the mi"55th centur, at the ver, !atest, !on .e-ore the Christianisation o- the Saxons) 6n -act, (e
(ou!" /no( -rom this that the ancestra! !ist (ou!" itse!- "ate -rom much ear!ier times) 0D2 &he !ist
itse!-, as +reserve" in 9ennius, "is+!a,s certain interna! evi"ences o- a more extreme anti:uit,) 4or
exam+!e, there is the curious a++earance o- the name 4o"e+a!" in 9ennius8 oriina! Batin !ist, (hich
1orris trans!ates into En!ish as 4o!c(a!") 0;2 We meet (ith a curious corru+tion o- this name in
@enr, o- @untin"on (here he ren"ers the name 4!oc(a!") 052 A!! o- (hich more than stron!,
hints at an ancient source that ., 9ennius8 "a, (as ren"ere" i!!ei.!e in +!aces ., "amae an" time)
04o!c(a!" "oes not a++ear in the An!o5Saxon Chronic!e) But it "oes a++ear in the Saxon e+ic
+oem :idsith H1) 27' 84inn 4o!c(a!"in8I, an" in the +oem Beoul! H1) 10E7I2)
O- e:ua! sini-icance is the una.ashe" (a, in (hich it is so ear!, state" in 9ennius8 source that the
Saxons (orshi++e" %eat as a "ei-ie" ancestor) 6t came across to the British anna!ist (ho oriina!!,
recor"e" the in-ormation as a shoc/in -act, an" it c!ear!, horri-ie" him) 6n"ee", as -ar as the
Britons (ere concerne", it characterise" the Saxons even more than their ra+acit, an" vio!ence, -or
it (as one o- the -irst -acts a.out the Saxons o- (hich the ear!, Britons, (ho (ere certain!,
Christian !on .e-ore the mi"55th centur,, .ecame a(are) &hus it is c!ear that such i"o!atrous
+ractices are not the manu-acture" accusations o- !ater Christian (riters) 6t is e:ua!!, c!ear that the
Saxons themse!ves (ou!" have revere" their ancestra! !ists ?ust as much as the ancestors (hose
names (ere enshrine" therein, ma/in tam+erin an" -a!si-,in a most un!i/e!, event, an" certain!,
not one that (ou!" .e /no(in!, to!erate" ., the Saxons)
Which .rins us to the 6ce!an"ic !ist) &here (e encounter a much -u!!er +e"iree that carries the
!ineae o- Othin 0i)e) O"in or Wo"en2 .ac/ to Ses/e-) &he name Ses/e- is itse!- mere!, a variant o-
the Saxon Scea-, (ho (e notice" in the +revious cha+ter as the .i.!ica! Ka+heth) But notice that the
6ce!an"ic !ist "oes not o .ac/ to 9oah, an omission that +!aces it riht outsi"e the +a!e o- 8+ious8
-oreries) 6ce!an" (as -irst co!onise" ., 9or(eian =i/ins in the E70s, an" it cannot .e +reten"e"
., an, stretch o- the imaination that either the 9or(eian or Fanish =i/ins (ere Christian .,
this time) As in the case o- the Saxon Scea-, the 6ce!an"ic Ses/e- is a -orm o- Ka+heth8s name that
(ou!" not have .een use" ., an, Christian -orer (ho (ishe" to -a!si-, the recor"s) 4or the
Christian 6ce!an"ers, !i/e the Christian Saxons, (ou!" have /no(n Ka+heth un"er the Batin5cum5
@e.re( -orm o- his name, 6a-eth, an" not un"er the more ancient -orm that a++ears in the ancestra!
!ists)
But the 6ce!an"ic !ist is +ractica!!, i"entica! to that o- 9or(a, an" Fenmar/, an" it is interestin to
examine some o- the characters (ho (ou!" have o(ne" this !ist as their o(n ancestra! tree) 4or
exam+!e, ?ust .e-ore the 9or(eian sett!ement o- 6ce!an" in the E70s there !ive" one -amous =i/in
(ho (ent ., the name o- 3anar Both.ro/, /no(n a--ectionate!, amonst his torture victims as
8@air, Breeches8) @is son, 6vor the Bone!ess 0the 6n(are o- the An!o5Saxon Chronic!es2
committe" the +aan 3ite o- the B!oo"5ea!e u+on the !ivin .o"ies o- /ins Ae!!e o- 9orthum.ria
an" E"mun" o- East An!ia) 062 &his (as a sacri-icia! rite to O"in, an" it invo!ve" cuttin out the
!uns o- a !ivin man an" !a,in them out on his shou!"ers, so that the, resem.!e" the outs+rea"
(ins o- an ea!e) An" it (as such men as these (ho counte" it an inestima.!e honour to .e a.!e to
trace their "escent -rom such +atriarchs as O"in 0Wo"en2, %eat, Ses/e- an", in the case o- the
9or(eians an" Fanes, 9oa) 9o -rien"s o- Christians these, an" it is im+ossi.!e to .e!ieve that the,
(ou!" have !oo/e" on as an,one, Christian or +aan, tam+ere" (ith the sacre" !ists in (hich (ere
enshrine" the ver, ancestra! o"s o- the nation, o"s to (hom even /ins (ere sacri-ice") &he
a!!eation is eas, enouh to ma/e, .ut +assin "i--icu!t to rea!ise -rom a +ure!, historica!
+ers+ective)
6t is sim+!, im+ossi.!e to imaine that an, -orm o- tam+erin (ith the ro,a! !ists (ou!" have .een
+ermitte" in such an ae an" amonst such a +eo+!e as these) An" (hen (e consi"er the +urit, an"
strictness (ith (hich these recor"s (ere /e+t amonst such "iverse !anuaes an" cu!tures, an" the
a!most non5existent corru+tion o- the names over the centuries, then such imainins seem even
more "etache" -rom rea!it,) 6n"ee", it must stan" as a !astin tri.ute to the scho!ars (ho (ere
entruste" (ith the /ee+in o- the ancient !ists that those !ists remaine" so +ure an" uncorru+te")
&he, em+!o,e" certain inenious metho"s, o- course, -or +reventin inter-erence an" "amae to the
!ists, an" one o- these metho"s is "emonstrate" in A++en"ix E, (hich "ea!s (ith the "escent o- the
East Saxon /ins) But (e sha!! see in the -o!!o(in cha+ter ho( the recor"s o- another race
a!toether (ere cherishe" an" +rotecte" -rom ae an" inter-erence, an" ho( those same recor"s
a""e" their o(n +aan .ut in"e+en"ent testimon, to the historica! re!ia.i!it, o- the .oo/ o- %enesis)
== *9E>
MAIN A!E """#creatio$is%#or&
#E?T @@

A-ter the 4!oo" 5 by Bill Cooper
CHAPTER
I
CHAPTER
II
CHAPTER
III
CHAPTER
IV
CHAPTER
V
CHAPTER
VI
CHAPTER
VII
CHAPTER
VIII
CHAPTER
IX
CHAPTER
X
CHAPTER
XI
CHAPTER
XII
CHAPTER
XIII
== *9E>
"The early post-flood history of
Europe traced back to Noah"
#E?T @@
C'ATER 4
The Desce$t of the Irish Celtic /i$&s
8&he Scots 0oriina!!, 6rish, .ut ., no( Scotch2 (ere at this time inha.itin 6re!an", havin "riven
the 6rish 0Picts2 out o- Scot!an"C (hi!e the Picts 0oriina!!, Scots2 (ere no( 6rish)))an" vice versa) 6t
is essentia! to /ee+ these "istinctions c!ear!, in min"8 012
When Se!!ar an" Yeatman +enne" these satirica! (or"s on the histor, o- the 6rish 0an" Scots2, the,
(ere not entire!, ?o/in) &he ear!, histor, o- 6re!an", an, sin!e c!ear -act o- (hich is virtua!!,
untauht in En!an"8s schoo!s an" co!!ees 0an" in 6re!an"8s too, 6 sus+ect2, has !ain un"er a c!oa/ o-
a!most inextrica.!e con-usion since =ictorian times) An" on those rare occasions (hen the su.?ect is
.roache" at a!!, it is invaria.!, .roache" at that +oint in histor, that ave rise to the hi!arious
misun"erstan"in :uote" a.ove, the so5ca!!e" Far/ Aes) &he stu"ent (i!! .e tauht nothin
concernin the chronic!es an" enea!oies that have survive" -rom the ver, ear!iest times) 6rish
histor, .e-ore the Saxon +erio", is iven on!, in terms (ith (hich (e are a!rea", -ami!iar -rom the
histor, o- the ear!, Britons an" the Saxons, (here (e hear o- this cu!ture or that metho" o- -armin,
this +articu!ar stone ae or that +articu!ar !acia! +erio", .ut (here no attem+t is ma"e to ive an
account o- the in"ivi"ua!s o- ear!, 6re!an" (hose names an" "ee"s a++ear in such reat a.un"ance
in the ear!, 6rish chronic!es) 9or is an, account iven o- the sur+risin!, "etai!e" chrono!o, that
the +aan scho!ars o- 6re!an" (ere care-u! to (eave into their histories) B, this stae in our en:uir,,
it is +erha+s su+er-!uous to as/ (h, this shou!" .e) So (e sha!! concentrate our attention on (hat
exact!, it is that the ear!, 6rish recor"s revea!)
&he recor"s in (hich ear!, 6rish histor, has .een +reserve" have .een master-u!!, summarise" .,
the scho!ar nun Cusac/, 022 an" -or her histor, she "re( u+on an extensive num.er o- manuscri+ts,
man, o- (hich (ere /no(n to her un"er such evocative names as 4he Boo+ o! -einster 0(ritten ca
AF 11D0, an" co+ie" -rom the much o!"er 7altair HPsa!terI o- Cashe!2C the Boo+ o! Bally%ote 0AF
1D702C an" the Anna!s o- the 4our 1asters) But there are t(o others that receive" s+ecia! mention,
an" the, are the Chroni#u% 7#otoru%* an" the even more im+ortant 0.ecause much ear!ier2 Cin o!
$ro% 7ne#hta.
&he Cin o! $ro% 7ne#hta* other(ise /no(n as &he Boo/ o- 6nvasions, is no( !ost ., a!! accounts,
0D2 .ut its contents (ere +reserve" ., $eatin, the 6rish historian (ho (rote his o(n @istor, -rom
this an" man, other ear!, manuscri+ts in a.out AF 16D0) 0;2 &he im+ortance o- the Cin o! $ro%
7ne#hta* ho(ever, !ies in the ver, ear!, "ate o- its com+i!ation, concernin (hich a note in the 12th
centur, Boo/ o- Beinster te!!s us'
8ErnOn, son o- Fuach, that is son o- the $in o- Connacht)))it (as he that co!!ecte" the %enea!oies
an" @istories o- the men o- Erinn in one .oo/, that is, the Cin o- From Snechta)8 052
&he im+ortance o- this +assae !ies in the -act that Fuach is /no(n to have "ie" in the ,ear AF D65,
062 (hich +!aces ErnOn8s atherin o- the materia! (e!! .e-ore the comin to 6re!an" o- St Patric/
0(hose mission to 6re!an" too/ +!ace in ca AF ;D22 an" the !ater Christian mon/s (hose so!e
.usiness, some (ou!" have us .e!ieve, (as to -ore -a/e histories -or the ear!, nations o- (estern
Euro+e) Cusac/ +rovi"es -urther in-ormation -rom the Boo+ o! -einster on another o- these ear!,
chronic!es inasmuch as the contents o- the Cuil%enn 0see 9ote D at the en" o- the cha+ter2 (ere
a!most -orotten ., as ear!, as AF 5E0, sho(in that ., that ,ear it (as a!rea", o- reat anti:uit,)
072
3ear"in the materia! o- these ear!, chronic!es, ho(ever, (hose contents (ere a!rea", o- reat ae
., the time ErnPn co+ie" them "o(n, $eatin (rites'
8We (i!! set "o(n here the .ranchin o-- o- the races o- 1ao, accor"in to the Boo/ o- 6nvasions
0o- 6re!an"2, (hich (as ca!!e" the Cin o- From Snechta)))8 0E2
&here !ater -o!!o(s a succession o- strane an" ancient names, o- (hich the ta.!e o- "escent that
o+ens this cha+ter is a some(hat sim+!i-ie" extract) &he im+ortant thin -or us to notice in this ta.!e
o- "escent, thouh, is the une:uivoca! statement that the "eci"e"!, +aan 6rish trace" their oriins
.ac/ to the .i.!ica! +atriarch, 1ao, the son o- Ka+heth) &his is in "irect contrast to the c!aims o-
the Britons an" other Euro+ean nations, (hose enea!oies (ere trace" .ac/ to Kavan, another son
o- Ka+heth) 9o(, 1ao, as (e sha!! see in A++en"ix D, (as consi"ere", (ith AshchenaJ, the -ather
o- the Sc,thian +eo+!es, an" the ear!, 6rish chronic!ers (ere most em+hatic in their insistence that
the 6rish (ere o- Sc,thian stoc/) An" there is oo" et,mo!oica! evi"ence -or this) &he 6rish (ere
!on re-erre" to as Scots even .e-ore some o- them mirate" to the countr, that to"a, .ears their
name, an" as Bre(er te!!s us'
8Scot 0is2 the same as Sc,thian in et,mo!o,C the root o- .oth is Sct) &he %ree/s ha" no c, an"
(ou!" chane t into th ma/in the root s"th, an" ., a""in a +honetic vo(e! (e et S"#thai
0Sc,thians2, an" S"odiai 0S/oths2) &he We!sh "is!i/e" s at the .einnin o- a (or", an" (ou!"
chane it to ysC the, (ou!" a!so chane c or " to g, an" th to dC (hence the We!sh root (ou!" .e
&sgd, an" S/uth or S/oth (ou!" .ecome ysgod) Once more, the Saxons (ou!" cut o-- the We!sh y,
an" chane the g .ac/ aain to c, an" the d to t, convertin the &sgod to Scot)8 072
6t (ou!" .e no strane thin to -in" Sc,thian +eo+!es as -ar (est as 6re!an") A-ter a!!, the !an" in
Asia 1inor /no(n o- o!" as %a!atia, (as +o+u!ate" ., a miratin co!on, o- %a!!ic Ce!ts -rom
(hom the countr, ot its name) St Pau! (rote his -amous e+ist!e to their "escen"ants) 1an, other
exam+!es -rom histor, are /no(n o- nations seemin!, +o++in u+ in +!aces (here one (ou!"
norma!!, not ex+ect to -in" them, so it re:uires no reat stretch o- the imaination to acce+t (hat
the ear!, 6rish chronic!ers so o-ten insiste" u+on, name!, their "escent -rom the Sc,thian races)
But it is at this stae that (e must notice those -our +articu!ar +atriarchs (hose names (e have
a!rea", note" in the &a.!e o- Euro+ean 9ations +asse" "o(n to us ., 9ennius) &here (e
encountere" the names o- Baath$ Ioaath$ I2ra# an" 1sra) An" (e see +recise!, the same names
0a!!o(in -or !inuistic variation2 emerin -rom the ear!, 6rish enea!o,, (here the, are ren"ere"
Baath, 3oath, 1asr# an" Sr#) 9o(, it is /no(n amonst archaeo!oists an" ethno!oists that the
ear!, Britons an" man, o- the ancient +eo+!es o- Euro+e (ere Ce!ts as (ere the ear!, 6rish) 0&he
Saxons (ere not Ce!ts) @ence the a.sence o- these +atriarcha! names -rom the Saxon +e"iree)2
An" this is /no(n +ure!, -rom archaeo!oica! evi"ence, (ithout an, re-erence (hatever to these
enea!oies) 6n"ee", most mo"ern scho!ars (ithin these "isci+!ines (ou!" scorn such a re-erence)
So ho( "o (e account -or the +resence o- these names in such "iverse enea!oies as the ear!,
British an" the 6rishA
&here is one "iscre+anc,) 9ennius8 &a.!e o- Euro+ean 9ations traces the "escent o- these -our
+atriarchs -rom Kavan, (hereas the 6rish enea!o, traces them -rom 1ao) Which is rihtA &he,
.oth are) &he "iscre+anc, is ex+!aine" ., the -act that there (as certain!, a mixin o- the various
+atriarcha! !ines .e-ore Ba.e!) 6t (as on!, a-ter Ba.e! that the nations (ere se+arate") 4rom this
moment in time, the +e"irees .ranche" a(a, -rom each other in a mar/e"!, em+hatic (a,) But
+revious!, the -ami!ies o- man/in" (ere unitin into a sin!e +eo+!e, (hich (as their ex+resse"
intent o- course, 0102 an" the "is+ersa! o- the nations as recor"e" in the %enesis account ha++ene"
-or the +recise +ur+ose o- +reventin this +rocess o- uni-ication) 6nterestin!,, the "is+ersa! is
"e+icte" in %enesis as havin occurre" in the -i-th eneration a-ter the 4!oo", an" (e note in these
ancient enea!oies that a-ter the -i-th eneration the 6rish an" continenta! +e"irees "ivere in a
most +ointe" (a, in exact accor"ance (ith the %enesis account) &he -our +atriarchs note", then,
(ere c!ear!, the +re5Ba.e! -oun"ers o- .oth the British an" the 6rish Ce!ts, (hich shou!" ive us
some i"ea o- the extreme anti:uit, o- some o- the materia! that is to .e -oun" in the ear!, +aan
6rish chronic!es an" 9ennius8 &a.!e o- Euro+ean 9ations)
&he a++earance o- these names, ho(ever, ma, a!so o some (a, to(ar"s ex+!ainin another
historica! m,ster,, name!, the oriins o- ro,a!t,, an" the conce+t o- here"itar, ro,a! -ami!ies) &he
-act that a!! the ro,a! -ami!ies o- Euro+e (ere, an" in"ee" sti!! are, interre!ate" is somethin that is
acce+te" an" (e!! /no(n) But (hat (as the oriin o- these -ami!ies 0or rather this oriina! -ami!,2
(ho have a!(a,s insiste" that the, (ere set a.ove the common her" an" entit!e" to ru!e their -e!!o(
man ., a sort o- "ivine riht, a c!aim that cost Char!es 6 o- En!an", an" the ro,a! -ami!ies o-
4rance an" 3ussia, their ver, !ives) C!ear!,, it (as not a conce+t that (as ?ust thouht u+ one "a,)
6n"ee", the a-orementione" ro,a! -ami!ies too/ it so serious!, that the, +ursue" their riht to the
"eath) 3ather, it has its roots riht .ac/ in the ver, "a(n o- histor,, an" (as such an ancient!,
esta.!ishe" conce+t that the ear!, 6srae!ites -e!t someho( exc!u"e" -rom the rest o- humanit,
.ecause the, "i" not have a ro,a! -ami!, o- their o(n) 0112 So, (ere Baath, 6o.aath, 6Jrau an" EJra
the oriina! stoc/ -rom (hich the !ater ro,a! -ami!ies o- Euro+e are "escen"e"A 6t (ou!" certain!,
seem to +oint in that "irection) An" (hat o- 6o.aathA Fi" his name .ecome enshrine" e!se(here in
ear!, Euro+ean thouht as 4ather KoveA 6t is a!! ver, intriuin)
&he ver, notion o- /inshi+ (as itse!- a "eci"e"!, +aan conce+t, (here in Ass,ria, -or exam+!e,
the /in (as "eeme" to ru!e as a re+resentative o- the nationa! o", the .i.!ica! Asshur, Ass,ria8s
-oun"er, an" in E,+t (here the /in (as "eeme" to actua!!, .e a o" himse!-, 0122 as !ater (ere
the 3oman Caesars) &his is (hat mar/e" the 6srae!ites8 cr, -or a /in to ru!e over them as a cr, o-
a+ostas,) So it (ou!" seem that the conce+t o- ro,a!t, an" o- a +rivi!ee" status o- "ivine!, or"ere"
nations (ith ro,a! -ami!, (hose ru!e (as to em.race man,) &his .e!ie- oriinate" initia!!, amonst
the +re5Ba.e! +atriarchs such as those note" a.ove in the 6rish an" British enea!oies, an" (as
nurture" an" "eve!o+e" as a uni-,in +rinci+!e (ithin an" amonst the "is+erse" +aan societies)
&his (ou!", o- course, have .een an act o- o+en "e-iance to(ar"s %o", an" an attem+t to re+air or
+erha+s ex+!oit the "amae that (as in-!icte" aainst a uni-,in o- man/in" at Ba.e!)
O- -urther interest to us, ho(ever, is the +aan memor, revea!e" in the ear!, 6rish chronic!es, o- the
Creation an" the 4!oo") &hese (ere remem.ere" ., the 6rish as re!ative!, recent an" "e-inite!,
historica! events) 1oreover, the, rec/one" the "ates o- other su.se:uent an" successive historica!
events ., countin the ,ears since the Creation, an" this is examine" more c!ose!, in the -o!!o(in
cha+ter) But -or the moment, (e nee" note on!, that, accor"in to this chrono!o,, the -irst
co!onisation o- 6re!an" seems to have ta/en +!ace ca 1;E; BC 0the 2520th ,ear a-ter the Creation2)
01D2
6t (as the co!on, !e" ., one Partho!an, (hich !an"e" in the estuar, o- the river $enmare) Partho!an
himse!- (as to "ie thirt, ,ears !ater in a.out 1;5; BC or Anno 1un"i Hthe ,ear o- the (or!"I 2550)
Some three hun"re" ,ears !ater, it is recor"e" that the co!on, (as (i+e" out ., a +!aue, 7000 men,
(omen an" chi!"ren ",in in one (ee/ a!one) &he name o- the area in (hich the, ha" sett!e" (as
!ater ca!!e" &a!!aht, "enotin a +!ace (here +!aue victims !ie .urie", an" it is interestin to note
that it is sti!! !ittere" (ith ancient .uria! moun"s to"a,) 01;2
O- a""e" interest are certain "etai!s that have .een han"e" "o(n to us ., %eo--re, o- 1onmouth)
0152 We are to!" ., him ho( Partho!an8s co!on, consiste" o- thirt, shi+s) 6nterestin!,, 9ennius
ma/es no mention o- the num.er o- shi+s, .ut "oes te!! us that the co!on, consiste" o- 1000 sou!s,
(hich in"icates that he an" %eo--re, (ere (or/in -rom "i--erent sources) 0162 @o(ever, %eo--re,
a!so te!!s us that the co!on, ha" recent!, .een ex+e!!e" -rom the S+anish main!an", an" moreover
that the, (ere ca!!e" 1Bas#lenses1* or Bas:ues) 9o(, (e /no( that the +resent5"a, Bas:ues o-
northern S+ain are o- an entire!, m,sterious oriin, an" (e a!so /no( that the, s+ea/ a !anuae
that is :uite unre!ate" to an, /no(n 6n"o5Euro+ean tonue) 6n (hich context, it is interestin to
note (hat Pro-essor 1ac/ie has (ritten concernin the !anuae o- the ear!, Picts (ho ha" more
than a +assin in-!uence on .oth the ear!, an" !ater histor, o- the 6rish'
8&he Picts certain!, use" a -orm o- P5Ce!tic 0the mother o- We!sh, Cornish an" Breton2, (ith traces
o- %au!ish -orms) @o(ever, it is c!ear, -rom the -e( scra+s o- evi"ence (hich survive, that the Picts
a!so use" another !anuae, +ro.a.!, unre!ate" to an, M6n"o5Euro+eanM tonue an" there-ore so
"i--erent -rom mo"ern Euro+ean !anuaes as to .e incom+rehensi.!e to us)8 0172
Presuma.!,, this in-ormation (ou!" not have .een avai!a.!e to that a!!ee"!, incorrii.!e -orer,
%eo--re, o- 1onmouth, .ut it is instinctive to com+are 1ac/ie8s remar/s (ith a comment .,
Cusac/, (hen she sa,s'
8)))those (ho have maintaine" the theor, o- a %au!ish co!onisation o- 6re!an", have .een o.!ie" to
ma/e S+ain the +oint o- em.ar/ation)8 01E2
&he next recor"e" invasion 0or sett!ement2 o- 6re!an" too/ +!ace, accor"in to the chronic!es, in
Anno 1un"i 2E57, or ca 11;5 BC in our terms) &his co!on, (as !e" ., 9eme"ius 0see enea!o,2,
or 9eme"h, an" it is recor"e" that the +eo+!e o- 9eme"h (ere cre"ite" (ith havin .ui!t certain
t,+es o- -ort as (e!! as c!earin the !an" -or a +articu!ar metho" o- cu!tivation) A !ater out.rea/ o-
+!aue too/ its to!! on the +o+u!ation, the remain"er o- (hom are recor"e" as havin -ouht o-- an
invasion o- 6re!an" ., the 4ormorians, (ho, accor"in to the Anna!s o- C!onmacnois'
8)))(ere a se+t "escen"e" -rom Chain 0i)e) @am2, the son o- 9oeh, )))0(ho2 )))!ive" ., +,racie an"
s+oi!e o- other nations, an" (ere in those "a,s ver, trou.!esome to the (ho!e (or!")8 0172
&his is o- +articu!ar interest to us, as (e /no( -rom the chronic!es o- the ear!, Britons that the
British main!an" (as at this time .ein sett!e" ., Brutus an" his +eo+!e in ca 110; BC accor"in to
the British chrono!o,) 9o(, a!thouh Brutus is sai" to have .een the -irst co!oniser o- Britain, the
chronic!es "o em+hatica!!, state that he ha" to "is+!ace an in"ienous race o- 8iants8) 0202 Whether
+h,sica! iantism is here inten"e" cannot .e certain!, reso!ve", as the ear!, British (or" 8a(r8 0!i/e
the @e.re( gibbor, cou!" mean sim+!, a reat (arrior as (e!! as a iant man) But (e "o /no(
-rom the .i.!ica! recor" that iantism (as a +articu!ar +h,sica! trait amonst certain o- @am8s
"escen"ants, %o!iath o- %ath .ein the .est /no(n exam+!e, 0212 (hich !en"s .oth the British an"
6rish accounts a "eree o- hitherto unsus+ecte" corro.oration) &he 4ormorians, it seems, (ere the
"is+!ace" natives o- Britain (ho (ere tr,in to see/ a -ootho!" on the 6rish main!an" on!, to .e
re+e!!e" ., the 9eme"ians, therea-ter havin to !ive, !i/e man, other "is+!ace" +eo+!es, .,
scavenin an" +irac,)
A-ter the re+u!sion o- the 4ormorians, the -e( 9eme"ian survivors sett!e" -urther in!an",
+resuma.!, -or sa-et, (hi!e the, conso!i"ate" their num.ers) &he, are then recor"e" as
su.se:uent!, "ivi"in themse!ves into three 8.an"s8, each (ith their res+ective !ea"ers) One o- these
rou+s mirate" to northern Euro+e, (here the, -oun"e" a nation /no(n !ater to the 6rish as the
&uatha "e Fanann) A secon" rou+ sett!e", intriuin!,, in the northernmost +arts o- Britain,
a++arent!, the -irst Pictish sett!ement o- (hat is no( Scot!an") &his sett!ement o- Picts -rom
8Sc,thia8 0so states the British recor" 5 note et,mo!oica! "erivation iven a.ove o- Scot -rom
Sc,thian2 into A!.an,, is reca!!e" in the ear!, British chronic!es as havin ta/en +!ace un"er the
Pictish /in So"eric) &he British chrono!o, seems to have s!i++e" some(hat at this +oint, .ut the
event is rea! enouh an" accurate!, +ortra,e") 0222
&he thir" rou+ are name" as the 4ir.o!s, (ho mirate" to %reece an" then returne" to 6re!an"
(hich the, su.se:uent!, "ivi"e" u+ into -ive +rovinces) @o(ever, in Anno 1un"i DD0D, or ca) 701
BC in our terms, the 4ir.o!s (ere su."ue" in their turn ., the returnin co!on, o- &uatha "e
Fanaun)
&he !ast co!onisation o- 6re!an" is then recor"e" un"er Anno 1un"i D500 0i)e) ca 50; BC2'
8&he -!eet o- the sons o- 1i!i"h came to 6re!an" at the en" o- this ,ear, to ta/e it -rom the &uatha "e
Fanann, an" the, -ouht the .att!e o- S!ia.h 1is (ith them on the thir" "a, a-ter !an"in)8 02D2
&he chi!"ren o- 1i!i"h, /no(n to us as the 1i!esians, ha" !an"e" uno.serve" in the mouth o- the
river S!ane, in (hat is to"a, the count, o- Wex-or", -rom (here the, marche" to &ara, the centra!
seat o- overnment) &he (or" 1i!esian is sti!! use" 0thouh (ith increasin rarit,2 to "enote the
6rish +eo+!e themse!ves, or thins +ertainin to 6re!an") An" o- -urther interest to our en:uir, is the
-act that the 1i!esians (ere ne(!, arrive" 0via the S+anish +eninsu!a2 -rom the cit, o- 1i!etus,
(hose ruins sti!! stan" on the &ur/ish main!an", an" (hich (as -ina!!, "estro,e" ., the Persian
arm, in the ,ear ;7; BC) %iven that the 6rish recor"s state ca 50; BC -or the !an"in o- the
1i!esian co!on, in 6re!an", this is a s+ontaneous an" unex+ecte" chrono!oica! corre!ation that is
c!ose enouh to ive us serious +ause -or thouht) 4or there8s man, an E,+to!oist (ho (ishes that
he cou!" et that c!ose (ith E,+tian chrono!o,>
&he !ives o- the +eo+!e o- 1i!etus ha" .een ma"e +recarious -or "eca"es +rior to the -a!! o- their
cit, "ue to the increasin!, threatenin am.itions o- the Persian arm,, an" nothin (ou!" have .een
more natura! than that a co!on, o- 1i!esians shou!" "eci"e to -!ee in search o- a sa-e haven) &he,
(ou!" see/ a !an" that (as su--icient!, -ar a(a, to .e sa-e, (as -erti!e, an" (hich (as (e!! /no(n
to the Phoenician mariners o- the eastern 1e"iterranean, as (as 6re!an") An" that the cit, o- 1i!etus
shou!" a!so .e /no(n to us as an 6onian out+ost (hose +o+u!ation consiste" o-, amonst other
races, Sc,thians an" Phoenicians, te!!s us that (e shou!" ta/e the c!aims o- the ear!, 6rish
chronic!ers ver, serious!, in"ee")
1oreover, (ith rear" to the e:ua!!, o-ten state" Phoenician e!ement o- 6rish "escent, (e shou!"
a!so note that the ancient %ree/s once he!" that Phoenicia (as -oun"e" ., one Phoenix, (hose
.rother Ca"mus ha" invente" the a!+ha.et) Bi/e(ise, the ear!, 6rish reca!!e" the time (hen the,
!ive" un"er a /in name")))Phenius, 8(ho "evote" himse!- es+ecia!!, to the stu", o- !anuaes, an"
com+ose" an a!+ha.et an" the e!ements o- rammar)8 02;2 So it is c!ear that at the ver, !east, the
ear!, 6rish chronic!ers (ere +assin on an account, a!.eit ar.!e" in +!aces, o- authentic historica!
events an" +ersonaes, an" o- the e:ua!!, historic "escent o- their o(n race -rom Phoenician an"
Sc,thian stoc/) An" on the su.?ect o- that "escent, Cusac/ a""s ,et aain to our store o- /no(!e"e'
8As the 1i!esians (ere the !ast o- the ancient co!onists ))) on!, their enea!oies, (ith a -e(
exce+tions, have .een +reserve") &he enea!oica! tree .eins, there-ore, (ith the .rothers E.er an"
Eremon, the t(o survivin !ea"ers o- the ex+e"ition, (hose ancestors are trace" .ac/ to 1ao, the
son o- Ka+het) &he reat southern chie-tains, such as the 1acCarth,s an" O8Briens, c!aim "escent
-rom E.erC the northern -ami!ies o- O8Connor, O8Fonne!!, an" O89ei!!, c!aim Eremon as their hea")
&here are a!so other -ami!ies c!aimin "escent -rom Emer, the son o- 6r, .rother to E.er an"
EremonC as a!so -rom their cousin Buai"h, the son o- 6th) 4rom these -our sources the +rinci+!e
Ce!tic -ami!ies o- 6re!an" have s+run)))8 0252
As (e see in the enea!o,, E.er an" Eremon (ere a.!e to trace their o(n "escent -rom %a"e!as,
the -ather o- the %ae!s an" the %ae!ic !anuaes, .ut ?ust ho( serious!, "i" the ear!, 6rish ta/e the
:uestion o- +e"ireeA Were the, serious enouh to ta/e the trou.!e to /ee+ accurate recor"s over
!on +erio"s o- timeA Once more, Cusac/ ans(ers the :uestion -or us'
8&he Boo/s o- %enea!oies an" Pe"irees -orm a most im+ortant e!ement in 6rish +aan histor,) 4or
socia! an" +o!itica! reasons, the 6rish Ce!t +reserve" his enea!oica! tree (ith scru+u!ous +recision)
&he rihts o- +ro+ert, an" the overnin +o(er (ere transmitte" (ith +atriarcha! exactitu"e on
strict c!aims o- +rimoeniture, (hich c!aims cou!" on!, .e re-use" un"er certain con"itions "e-ine"
., !a( ))) an" in o.e"ience to an ancient !a(, estalished long efore the introd#ction of
Christianity$ a!! the +rovincia! recor"s, as (e!! as those o- the various chie-tains, (ere re:uire" to
.e -urnishe" ever, thir" ,ear to the convocation at &ara, (here the, (ere com+are" an" correcte")8
0262 0Em+hasis mine2
As in the case o- the 9or(eian an" Fanish =i/ins 0see +revious cha+ter2, it is eas, to state, as
man, mo"ernist artic!es "o on the su.?ect, that these +atriarcha! enea!oies (ere hi/e") But it is
im+ossi.!e to imaine this ha++enin (hen (e consi"er the natura! tem+erament o- these various
+eo+!es an" the ravit, (ith (hich the, vie(e" the im+ortance o- the recor"s that containe" the
"etai!e" accounts o- their o(n +atriarcha! "escent) 6t is im+ossi.!e to see ho( an,one cou!" have
"e!i.erate!, or even acci"enta!!, contrive" even a minor a!teration to their +e"iree (ithout
ever,one e!se .ecomin imme"iate!, a(are o- the -act, an" to imaine an a!teration on the sca!e o-
that re:uire" to ive su.stance to the mo"ernist scenario o- thins, (ou!" .rin us -irm!, into the
rea!ms o- -antas,) @istorica!!,, the mo"ernist vie( on this sim+!, cannot .e ?usti-ie") Such an
attem+t at -rau" or -orer, (ou!" have .rouht the -u!! -orce o- the !a(, or rather the more
imme"iate reme", o- someone8s s(or", crashin "o(n u+on the cu!+rit8s hea") &hese recor"s ma,
.e re!ie" u+on, there-ore, to .e as accurate as an, recor" can .e)
== *9E>
MAIN A!E """#creatio$is%#or&
#E?T @@

A-ter the 4!oo" 5 by Bill Cooper
CHAPTER
I
CHAPTER
II
CHAPTER
III
CHAPTER
IV
CHAPTER
V
CHAPTER
VI
CHAPTER
VII
CHAPTER
VIII
CHAPTER
IX
CHAPTER
X
CHAPTER
XI
CHAPTER
XII
CHAPTER
XIII
== *9E>
"The early post-flood history of
Europe traced back to Noah"
#E?T @@
C'ATER 5
A$cie$t Chro$olo&ies a$d the A&e of the Earth
&hat the earth miht .e mi!!ions or even .i!!ions o- ,ears o!" is a -air!, recent i"ea (hich "i" not
rea!!, .ein to .e -orme" unti! the turn o- the 1Eth an" the 17th centuries, a-ter the (or/s o- @utton
an" B,!e (ere -irst +u.!ishe") &he, intro"uce" an i"ea /no(n as the uni-ormitarian theor,, statin
in e--ect that the +rocesses o- nature ha" a!(a,s .een the same s!o( +rocesses that the, are to"a,,
an" that hence the earth8s -eatures -orme" ra"ua!!, over aeons o- time) 6t (as a notion in (hich
there (as no room iven to either a recent six5"a, Creation or the 4!oo" o- 9oah) &he notion o-
uni-ormitarianism, as (e!! as !a,in the -oun"ations -or the theor, o- evo!ution (hich (as to
-o!!o(, (as "eeme" su--icient in its o(n riht to "is+rove the %enesis recor", an" the some(hat
"u.ious +hi!oso+hica! attractions o- this i"ea have !e" to the near universa! acce+tance o- the theor,)
6n"ee", the re?ection o- the %enesis account seems to have .een the one o.?ective .ehin" the
-ormu!ation o- the theor, in the -irst +!ace) 012 &here have .een man, !earne" an" com+!ex
criticisms +u.!ishe" o- !ate aainst the uni-ormitarian theor, ., creationists an" others, an" 6 (i!!
not re+eat here (hat the, have sai") A!! that concerns us in this +resent stu", is (hat our ancient
-ore.ears thouht o- the ae o- the earth, an" exact!, ho( o!" the, rec/one" it to .e)
Particu!ar interest (as sho(n amonst the An!o5Saxons an" the ear!, Britons in esta.!ishin a -irm
chrono!o, -or their histories, an" a!thouh there ma, .e oo" reasons to"a, -or :uestionin some
o- the "ates +rovi"e" ., their s,stems o- rec/onin, (e are neverthe!ess !e-t (ith une:uivoca!
evi"ence that sho(s them to have .e!ieve" in a ,oun earth 0a recent Creation2 an" the 4!oo") 4or
exam+!e, the version o- the An!o5Saxon Chronic!e /no(n as the Par+er Chroni#le 022 states that
-rom the .einnin o- the (or!" unti! the ,ear AF 6 (ere 5200 ,ears) &he -aud Chroni#le 0D2
"i--ers s!iht!, -rom this, statin that the same +erio" e!a+se" -rom the Creation to the ,ear AF 11,
in"icatin either a sim+!e scri.a! error or a "erivation -rom t(o "istinct sources) @o(ever, .oth
chronic!es aree that -rom the Creation to the ,ear AF ==* the ,ear o- the Cruci-ixion, (as a +erio"
o- 5226 ,ears) 6n other (or"s, as -ar as the Saxons (ere concerne", the (or!" (as create" a.out
5200 BC)
4urther to this, is the statement -oun" e!se(here amonst the An!o5Saxon recor"s that'
<ra% Ada%e ))) 0to the2 ))) !lod ))) 0(ere2 )))ta hund intra ; ta thusenda ; ta ; !ioertig.
04rom A"am to the 4!oo" (ere 22;2 (inters)82 0;2 01, trans!ation2
6t (ou!" .e interestin to "iscover (hence the Saxons ot this -iure o- 22;2 ,ears -or the
ante"i!uvian +erio", -or it "oes not a++ear in the Batin =u!ate (hich ives 1656 ,ears -or this
+erio", thus areein (ith the @e.re(C an" the, (ere not -ami!iar (ith the Se+tuaint version
(hich ives in an, case a +erio" o- 2256 ,ears -or the ante"i!uvian era) @o(ever, their -iure "oes
aree exact!, (ith that o- the Britons, as +asse" "o(n to us ., 9ennius' 052
84rom the .einnin o- the (or!" unti! the 4!oo" 0are2 22;2 ,ears)
4rom the 4!oo" unti! A.raham 0are2 7;2 ,ears)
4rom A.raham to 1oses 0are2 6;0 ,ears)
4rom 1oses to Favi" 0are2 500 ,ears)
4rom Favi" to 9e.ucha"neJJar are 567 ,ears)
4rom A"am unti! the miration to Ba.,!onia 0i)e) the Ca+tivit, o- the Ke(s2 are ;E77 ,ears)
4rom the miration to Ba.,!onia unti! Christ are 566 ,ears)
4rom A"am there-ore unti! the Passion o- Christ are 522E ,ears)
4rom the Passion o- Christ have .een com+!ete" 776 ,ears)
An" -rom @is 6ncarnation ED1 ,ears)8
03ennius, cha+ters 15;C m, trans!ation2
We (ou!" sa, to"a, that there are certain +oints on (hich this ear!, British chrono!o, is +atent!,
(ron) 4or exam+!e, there (ere not 7;2 ,ears .et(een the 4!oo" an" A.raham, .ut on!, ca ;27
unti! A.raham8s entr, into Canaan) 062 Aain, a""in the ,ears iven in !ines 157, (e have a +erio"
o- 5;57 ,ears .et(een A"am an" Christ, (hereas the chrono!o,8 states to(ar"s the en" that -rom
A"am unti! Christ8s Passion (as on!, 522E ,ears, an error o- 2D1 ,ears> Assumin that 9ennius (as
himse!- :uite ca+a.!e o- "oin sim+!e arithmetic, (e have to conc!u"e that he +asse" "o(n to us,
characteristica!!, une"ite" an" uncorrecte", a -au!t, 0an" there-ore much o!"erA2 source) @o(ever,
the ear!, Britons an" the Saxons are seen ., their recor"s to have !oo/e" .ac/ to a Creation o-
a.out 5200 BC)
&he 6rish chrono!o,, on the other han", seems to have -avoure" a "ate -or the Creation o- a.out
;000 BC) 9o(, there are a"mitte"!, certain com+!ex "i--icu!ties concernin 6rish chrono!o,, .ut
these have to "o (ith events recor"e" -or the +erio" .et(een the 4!oo" an" the 1i!esian co!on, o-
ca 500 BC) 4or exam+!e, Partho!an, i- (e acce+t the 6rish chrono!o,, !an"e" in 6re!an" in the 15th
centur, BC, (hereas the British chronic!e "ates him to the rein o- %uruit 0(ho, it is sai", ave
6re!an" to him2 in the ;th centur, BC) &hese "i--icu!ties can .e reso!ve" ho(ever) 6t seems that it is
the British chrono!o, that is in error here, .ut ho( "i" this error o- over a thousan" ,ears come
a.outA
&here are various +ossi.i!ities) 4irst!,, it cou!" .e that %uruit (as mista/en -or a much ear!ier
British /in) But (hen) (e consi"er that Partho!an .ean his rein some DE0 ,ears .e-ore the
British ro,a! !ine (as even -oun"e" 0., Brutus in ca 110; BC2, then this +ossi.i!it, is imme"iate!,
"iscounte")Q Cou!" Partho!an have .een con-use" (ith a much !ater 6rish /in o- simi!ar name an"
(hose rein (as contem+orar, (ith that o- %uruitA &hat is ?ust +ossi.!e, a!thouh the 6rish recor"s
are si!ent concernin such a /in) 4ina!!,, (e can consi"er the +ossi.i!it, that there (as some /in"
o- +o!itica! areement .et(een the 6rish an" British monarchies "urin the ;th centur, BC 0i)e)
"urin the rein o- %uruit2, an" that Partho!an8s name, as the oriina! -oun"er o- 6rish /inshi+ an"
in (hose name the +resent /inshi+ o- 6re!an" (as he!", sim+!, .ecame em.roi!e" (ith that o- the
/in un"er (hom the areement (as ma"e) &his (a,, the "iscre+anc, .ecomes one o- name on!,
rather than one o- chrono!o,)
@o(ever, the Creation "ate o- ca ;000 BC -avoure" ., the ear!, 6rish chronic!ers .rins to min" the
most -amous o- a!! +ro+ose" -or the Creation, that o- #ssher, (ho, in his 17th centur, (or/,
Annales >eteris et 3ovi 4esta%enti* ca!cu!ate" a "ate o- ;00; BC) #ssher (as himse!- an 6rishman,
o- course, (ho (as "ou.t!ess stee+e" in the !ore o- his countr,men) But (hether #ssher (as
in-!uence" ., this or not, (e note that the -avoure" "ates -or the Creation .et(een the Britons,
Saxons an" 6rish (ere some(here .et(een ca ;000 BC on the one han", an" ca 5200 BC on the
other) Which .rins us to the -o!!o(in o.servation concernin the (or/ o- the 16th centur,
chrono!oist, Sca!ier)
Kose+h Sca!ier 015;0516072 (as a scho!ar o- immense a.i!it, (ho .ro/e much ne( roun" in the
stu", o- c!assica! !iterature) Yet his chie- c!aim to -ame 0i- the com+arative o.scurit, so -ar a--or"e"
him can .e "escri.e" as -ame2, !ies in his (or/, $e Ernendatione 4e%porurn* (hich he +u.!ishe" in
15ED an" (hich +ave" the (a, -or the mo"ern science o- chrono!o,) 0&his (as -o!!o(e" ., the
+u.!ication in 1606 o- his 4hesaurus 4ernporu%* in (hich he reconstructe" Euse.ius8s Chroni#on)2
Sca!ier turne" his interest -rom c!assica! !iterature an" !anuaes to chrono!o, +rimari!, .ecause
chrono!o, (as a science that ha" "eenerate" into some "isarra, ., his o(n "a,) 6n"ee", it (as so
.eset (ith "i--icu!ties that it (as nih 8un(or/a.!e, an" Sca!ier set himse!- the tas/ o- either
im+rovin it or re+!acin it a!toether) 6n his $e Ernendatione 4e%porurn* Sca!ier riht!,
reconise" that the ca!en"ar as it no( stan"s, i)e) the %reorian Ca!en"ar (hich (as intro"uce" in
Euro+e in 15E2, an" (hich he heavi!, criticise", (as a some(hat cum.ersome a++aratus (ith
(hich to reconstruct the chrono!o, o- +ast events) 6ts ver, com+!exit, !ent itse!- to mista/es,
(hi!st its inherent inaccuracies !ent themse!ves to ,et -urther inaccuracies) So he "eci"e" to so!ve
the +ro.!em, an" his so!ution (as as inenious as it (as sim+!e) 6nstea" o- an event .ein sai" to
have occurre" at such a "ate in such a ,ear BC or AF, it (ou!" hence-orth .e sai" to have occurre"
on a certain num.ere" "a,)
9o(, a!thouh a "a, count (as the ans(er, it raise" a -urther :uestion) 4rom (hich +oint in time
shou!" this "a, count .einA &he ans(er (as o.vious) 6t shou!" .ein -rom Fa, 1 o- the Creation)
But (hen "i" Fa, 1 occurA We!!, Sca!ier 0+artia!!,2 so!ve" the +ro.!em ., turnin his attention to
the three .asic units u+on (hich virtua!!, a!! (or/a.!e ca!en"ars are .ase", name!,, the So!ar C,c!e,
the 1etonic C,c!e an" the 3oman 6n"iction)
6n sim+!e terms, the So!ar C,c!e is com+!ete" ever, 2E ,ears, the 1etonic C,c!e ever, 17 ,ears,
an" the 3oman 6n"iction ever, 15 ,ears) Sca!ier rea!ise" that there must o.vious!, .e +oints in
time (hen a!! three c,c!es .ein an" en" toether, so, notin care-u!!, the ae o- each c,c!e at the
moment (hen he .ean his ca!cu!ations, he counte" the ,ears .ac/(ar"s unti! he came to that ,ear
(hen a!! three c,c!es .ean toether) An" that (as the ,ear ;71D BC)
Sim+!e arithmetic then to!" him that the three c,c!es (ou!" on!, meet toether in time ever, 77E0
,ears 0this -iure .ein the +ro"uct o- 2E x 17 x 152, an" iven that the, ha" .eun toether in ;71D
BC, the +erio", (hich he name" the Ku!ian Perio" in honour o- his -ather Ku!ius, (ou!" not en" unti!
the c!ose o- the ,ear AF D267 072)
&his (as an exce!!ent an" .roa" .ase u+on (hich to .ui!" his s,stem o- chrono!o,, an" -or
convenience8s sa/e Sca!ier counte" 1st Kanuar, ;71D BC as Fa, 1, .ui!"in u+ his chrono!o,
-rom there) @o(ever, the -act that the three c,c!es 0So!ar, 1etonic an" 3oman 6n"iction2 .ean in
the ,ear ;71D BC (i!! ho!" a certain sini-icance -or creationists, -or %enesis is :uite c!ear on the
matter (hen it te!!s us that, a+art -rom their !iht5ivin +ro+erties, the so!ar s,stem an" its
.ac/"ro+ o- stars (ere create" so that (e cou!" measure ., them times an" seasons, "a,s an" ,ears)
6n other (or"s, %o" ha" create" a iantic c!oc/, an" (hat more natura! than that the Creator
shou!" start that c!oc/ tic/in, as it (ere, at a settin that (ou!" measure the ae o- the universe as
(e!! as the more mun"ane +assin o- the seasons here on earthA
But, .e-ore (e rec/!ess!, assume that Sca!ier ha" a!! un(ittin!, stum.!e" across the true "ate -or
the Creation, (e must remem.er that Sca!ier .ase" his ca!cu!ations on the +resent va!ues o- the
So!ar an" 1etonic C,c!es, or at !east the va!ues o- these c,c!es as the, stoo" in the ,ear 15E2RD)
Creationists shou!" .e +ain-u!!, a(are ., no( that va!ues to"a, ma, not necessari!, .e the va!ues
o- the +ast) &his is constant!, arue" ., creationists in re-utation o- the uni-ormitarian h,+othesis)
1uch "amae, "isru+tion an" ma,hem has occurre" (hich (i!! un"ou.te"!, have a!tere" those
va!ues to an extent (e can on!, uess at) On a !oca! 0+!anet earth2 !eve!, (e have ha" the !o.a!
4!oo" o- 9oah an" other eo!oica! "isasters to a!ter the rotation o- the earth an" hence the !enths
o- the "a, an" ,ear) &he moon has su--ere" !oca! catastro+hes o- its o(n a--ectin no "ou.t the
!enth o- the !unar month, an" the universe in enera! has "eenerate" noticea.!, in its va!ues
"urin the +ast six thousan" ,ears or so sim+!, throuh the inexora.!e (or/ins o- the Secon" Ba(
o- &hermo",namics)
&here is, moreover, much "ocumentar, evi"ence to suest that ca!en"ar ca!cu!ations un"er(ent
severa! revisions .oth "urin the more imme"iate centuries o- the +ost54!oo" era an" !ater) Wh,
(ere these revisions necessar,A &he "eteriorations in the motions o- the earth, moon an" stars, an"
hence the ca!en"ar, seem to have occurre" not ra"ua!!, over an immense +erio" o- time, as im+!ie"
., most mo"ernist (riters on the su.?ect, .ut at certain +oints in histor, (hen one "a, the current
ca!en"ar (as (or/a.!e an" the next (hen it (as not) Stu",in the revisions that ha" to .e ma"e an"
o- (hich (e have an, recor", interca!ations (ere su""en!, .rouht in to correct -or su""en!,
o.serve" "iscre+ancies)
9o(, i- the "eteriorations in the ca!en"ar, es+ecia!!, the !unar ca!en"ar, (ere in"ee" ra"ua!, as
some (ou!" have us .e!ieve, then (h, (ere the re-orms that correcte" -or this "eterioration not
.rouht in in e:ua!!, ra"ua! staesA 6t is sim+!, not oo" enouh to assume, as most mo"ern
(riters on the su.?ect assume, that the ear!, ca!en"ar ma/ers (ere mere!, +oor o.servers (ho
+ossesse" no theoretica! astronom, an" (ho cou!" thus on!, ma/e +oor ca!en"ars that ha" to .e
correcte" -rom time to time) 6- the +eo+!e o- the time ha" tru!, "evise" a ca!en"ar that (as
un(or/a.!, in error, then the, (ou!" sure!, have "iscovere" this (ithin on!, a ,ear or t(o o- its
inauuration, an" (ou!" not have (aite" centuries to a!!ee"!, evo!ve su--icient acumen to notice
that the seasons (ere (i!"!, at variance (ith their o(n ca!cu!ate" harvest time) With inorance an"
stu+i"it, o- that or"er, it is "i--icu!t to see ho( the, (ou!" have co+e" (ith some o- !i-e8s more
cha!!enin +ro.!ems)
One such +eo+!e (ho are sai" not to have +ossesse" an, mathematics o- a +articu!ar!, hih or"er,
nor an, theoretica! astronom,, are the 1a,a o- South America) 9o(, the 1a,a institute" a "a,
count exact!, !i/e that (hich Sca!ier "evise" in or"er to so!ve certain chrono!oica! an"
enea!oica! +ro.!ems that the, ha" come across (hi!st reconstructin their o(n ancient histor,)
&he unnervin as+ect o- this -rom the mo"ernist +oint o- vie(, ho(ever, is the -act that the 1a,a
+er-ecte" their "a, count some six hun"re" ,ears or more .e-ore Sca!ier (as even thouht o-)
Sca!ier, (e are riht!, to!", (as a enius) &he 1a,a, (e are (ron!, to!", (ere not)
But (h, are (e to!" that the 1a,a (ere not eniusesA Wh, "o mo"ernist authors insist on te!!in us
that the 1a,a ha" no theoretica! astronom, an" no s,stem o- theoretica! mathematics in s+ite o-
much concrete evi"ence to the contrar,A At Chichen 6tJa in 1exico stan" the ruins o- a iantic
o.servator, that the 1a,a .ui!t, (hose +assae(a,s are a!ine" (ith the sun, moon an" stars) With
this, an" in con?unction (ith other a!ine" o.servatories, the 1a,a (ere a.!e to +re"ict !unar an"
so!ar ec!i+ses (ith reat accurac, as (e!! as measurin the s,no"ic c,c!e o- =enus (ith a +recision
that has on!, .een matche" an" rea!ise" in mo"ern times) 0E2 But +erha+s there is metho" in the
mo"ernist ma"ness)
6- (e corre!ate the 1a,an "a, count (ith that o- Sca!ier, (e -in" that the 1a,an Fa, 1 .ean on
Ku!ian Fa, 5E;2ED, 072 (hich e:ua!s in our terms 10th Auust D11D BC 06 ma/e that a &hurs"a,2
-or the start o- the 1a,an "a, count) 9o(, the sini-icance o- this !ies in the -act that a!thouh the
1a,an conce+t o- time (as c,c!ic, the, neverthe!ess /ne( that the (or!"5"estro,in catastro+he
that ha" c!ose" the +revious ae (as .rouht a.out ., (ater, an" that their o(n ae ha" .eun a-ter
that catastro+he) 6n other (or"s, the, !oo/e" .ac/ to the 4!oo" as the c!ose o- the o!" ae an" the
.einnin o- the ne() An" it is here that their "a, count ta/es on an immense sini-icance)
Sca!ier8s "a, count, (e remem.er, too/ him .ac/ to the ,ear ;71D BC, an" it is more than
+ro.a.!e that this corres+on"s ro#ghly to the ,ear o- the Creation) &he 1a,ans, ho(ever, "i" not
.ein their "a, count -rom the Creation, .ut -rom the 4!oo", an" this event (as set in their
chrono!o,, not Sca!ier8s, in the ,ear D11D BC, an" su.tractin D11D -rom ;71D !eaves us (ith a
1600 ,ear +erio" .et(een the t(o "ates -or the Creation an" the 4!oo", a +erio" o- time (hich
corres+on"s remar/a.!, c!ose!, to the 1656 ,ear +erio" set out so +recise!, in the %enesis recor")
Bitt!e (on"er that this in-ormation is +rec!u"e" these "a,s ., a cursor, "ismissa! o- 1a,an
mathematics an" astronom,) 6- 6 (ere a mo"ernist, 68" "ismiss it too>
But to .rie-!, ta/e stoc/ o- the situation, (e ma, see ., a!! the evi"ence note" a.ove that not on!,
"i" our ancient -ore.ears !oo/ .ac/, in +re5Christian times, to their "escent -rom +atriarchs that are
name" in the &a.!e o- 9ations, .ut the, a!so he!" that the earth (as o- recent creation an" that it ha"
once su--ere" a 4!oo") An" the, /ne( a!! this (ithout an, recourse to the .oo/ o- %enesis, o- (hich
the, (ere entire!, una(are) 6n a!!, their recor"s constitute a rather -ormi"a.!e .o", o- evi"ence) But
there is another su.?ect that has a .earin on our en:uir,, an" aain it (as somethin that our
-ore.ears acce+te" (ithout an, +ro.!em at a!!) 6n"ee", the, recor"e" its occurrence reu!ar!, in
their anna!s an" chronic!es, .!iss-u!!, una(are o- the -act that to"a, it (ou!" .e a most
controversia! an" sensitive su.?ect) 6t is one that (e "ea! (ith in the -o!!o(in cha+ter)
== *9E>
MAIN A!E """#creatio$is%#or&
#E?T @@


A-ter the 4!oo" 5 by Bill Cooper
CHAPTER
I
CHAPTER
II
CHAPTER
III
CHAPTER
IV
CHAPTER
V
CHAPTER
VI
CHAPTER
VII
CHAPTER
VIII
CHAPTER
IX
CHAPTER
X
CHAPTER
XI
CHAPTER
XII
CHAPTER
XIII
== *9E>
"The early post-flood history of
Europe traced back to Noah"
#E?T @@
C'ATER (6
Di$osaurs fro% A$&lo-1a2o$ a$d other Records
6 have s+o/en on the su.?ect o- the &a.!e o- 9ations an" the ear!, +ost54!oo" histor, o- Euro+e, in
%erman,, Be!ium an" at man, +!aces no( in En!an", an" (hat sur+rise" me at -irst (as ho(,
"urin :uestion time, the su.?ect turns so :uic/!, to that o- "inosaurs) Fo the, a++ear in the ear!,
chronic!esA Fo "escri+tions o- them existA An" so on) So here 6 have set out as man, exam+!es o-
the mention o- "inosaurs in the ear!, recor"s as 6 cou!" imme"iate!, -in", a!thouh there are
"ou.t!ess man, other instances to .e notice") Some o- the exam+!es mentione" here come -rom the
ver, recor"s that (e have ?ust .een consi"erin concernin the "escent o- the nations)
&he +roression is on!, !oica!, -or i- the earth is as ,oun as our -ore.ears thouht an" as the
creation mo"e! o- oriins +re"icts, then evi"ence (i!! .e -oun" (hich te!!s us that, in the recent +ast,
"inosaurs an" man have co5existe") &here is, in -act, oo" evi"ence to suest that the, sti!! co5
exist, an" this is "irect!, contrar, to the evo!utionar, mo"e! (hich teaches that "inosaurs !ive"
mi!!ions o- ,ears .e-ore man came a!on, an" that no man there-ore can ever have seen a !ivin
"inosaur) An" to test that assertion, (e (i!! no( examine the issue ., consi"erin the (ritten
evi"ence that has survive" -rom the recor"s o- various ancient +eo+!es that "escri.e, sometimes in
the most ra+hic "etai!, human encounters (ith !ivin iant re+ti!es that (e (ou!" ca!! "inosaurs)
An" as (e sha!! see, some o- those recor"s are not so ancient)
&here are, o- course, the -amous "escri+tions o- t(o such monsters -rom the O!" &estament,
Behemoth an" 0eviathan 0Ko. ;0'155;1'D;2, Behemoth .ein a iant veetarian that !ive" on the
-ens, an" Beviathan a some(hat more terri-,in armour +!ate" am+hi.ian (hom on!, chi!"ren an"
the most -oo!har", (ou!" (ant as a +et) &he E,+tians /ne( Behemoth ., the name 4p%ih) mw4$
012 (hich is the same name, o- course) Beviathan (as simi!ar!, /no(n as 0otan to the men o-
#arit) 022 Ba.,!onian an" Sumerian !iterature has +reserve" "etai!s o- simi!ar creatures, as has the
(ritten an" un(ritten -o!/!ore o- +eo+!es aroun" the (or!") But +erha+s the most remar/a.!e
"escri+tions o- !ivin "inosaurs are those that the Saxon an" Ce!tic +eo+!es o- Euro+e have +asse"
"o(n to us)
&he ear!, Britons, -rom (hom the mo"ern We!sh are "escen"e", +rovi"e us (ith our ear!iest
survivin Euro+ean accounts o- re+ti!ian monsters, one o- (hom /i!!e" an" "evoure" /in
1orvi"us 01or,""2 in ca DD6 BC) We are to!" in the account trans!ate" -or us ., %eo--re, o-
1onmouth, that the monster 8u!+e" "o(n the .o", o- 1orvi"us as a .i -ish s(a!!o(s a !itt!e one)8
%eo--re, "escri.e" the anima! as a Bel#a) 0D2
Pere"ur, not the ancient /in o- that name 0D065276 BC2, .ut a much !ater son o- Ear! E-ra(, ha"
.etter !uc/ than 1orvi"us, actua!!, manain to s!a, his monster, an addanc 0+r) athanc' var)
a-anc2, at a +!ace ca!!e" B!,n B!ion in Wa!es) 0;2 At other We!sh !ocations the a""anc is -urther
s+o/en o- a!on (ith another re+ti!ian s+ecies /no(n as the carrog) &he a""anc survive" unti!
com+arative!, recent times at such +!aces as Be""5,r5A-anc near Br,n.erian, at B!,n5,r5A-anc
a.ove Bett(s5,5Coe" on the 3iver Con(, 0the /i!!in o- this monster (as "escri.e" in the ,ear
167D2, an" B!,n Bar-o) A carro is commemorate" at Carro near Cor(en, an" at Fo!5,5Carro in
the =a!e o- Con(,) 052
1oreover, 8"inosaurs8, in the -orm o- -!,in re+ti!es, (ere a -eature o- We!sh !i-e unti! sur+risin!,
recent times) As !ate as the .einnin o- the +resent centur,, e!"er!, -o!/ at Pen!!in in %!amoran
use" to te!! o- a co!on, o- (ine" ser+ents that !ive" in the (oo"s aroun" Pen!!in Cast!e) As 1arie
&reve!,an te!!s us'
8&he (oo"s aroun" Pen!!in Cast!e, %!amoran, ha" the re+utation o- .ein -re:uente" ., (ine"
ser+ents, an" these (ere the terror o- o!" an" ,oun a!i/e) An ae" inha.itant o- Pen!!,ne, (ho "ie"
a -e( ,ears ao, sai" that in his .o,hoo" the (ine" ser+ents (ere "escri.e" as ver, .eauti-u!)
&he, (ere coi!e" (hen in re+ose, an" M!oo/e" as i- the, (ere covere" (ith ?e(e!s o- a!! sorts)
Some o- them ha" crests s+ar/!in (ith a!! the co!ours o- the rain.o(M) When "istur.e" the, !i"e"
s(i-t!,, Ms+ar/!in a!! over,M to their hi"in +!aces) When anr,, the, M-!e( over +eo+!e8s hea"s,
(ith outs+rea" (ins, .riht, an" sometimes (ith e,es too, !i/e the -eathers in a +eacoc/8s tai!M) @e
sai" it (as Mno o!" stor, invente" to -rihten chi!"renM, .ut a rea! -act) @is -ather an" unc!e ha"
/i!!e" some o- them, -or the, (ere as .a" as -oxes -or +ou!tr,) &he o!" man attri.ute" the extinction
o- the (ine" ser+ents to the -act that the, (ere Mterrors in the -arm,ar"s an" covertsM)2 062
&his account is intriuin in man, res+ects, not the !east .ein the -act that it is not a t,+ica!
account o- "raons) &he creatures concerne" (ere not so!itar, an" monstrous .easts, .ut sma!!
creatures that !ive" in co!onies) 9ot at a!! !i/e the !arer s+ecies o- (ine" re+ti!e that use" to nest
u+on an ancient .uria!5moun", or tumu!us, at &re!!ech5a8r5Bet(s in the count, o- F,-e", -or
exam+!e) But (hi!st (e are in Wa!es, it is (orth notin that at B!an.ar"an5,5%arra 0is %arra a
corru+tion o- carroA2, the church contains a carvin o- a !oca! iant re+ti!e (hose -eatures inc!u"e
!are +a""!e5!i/e -!i++ers, a !on nec/ an" a sma!! hea") %!as!,n, in Sno("on, is a !a/e (here an
a-anc (as sihte" as recent!, as the 17D0s) On this occasion t(o c!im.ers on the si"e o- a mountain
!oo/e" "o(n onto the sur-ace o- %!as!,n an" the, sa( the creature, (hich the, "escri.e" as havin
a !on re, .o",, rise -rom the "e+ths o- the !a/e to the sur-ace, raise its hea" an" then su.mere
aain) 072
One cou!" mu!ti+!, such re+orts ., the hun"re") 6n En!an" an" Scot!an", aain unti!
com+arative!, recent times, other re+ti!ian monsters (ere sihte" an" s+o/en o- in man, +!aces)
&he ta.!e at the en" o- this cha+ter !ists eiht,5one !ocations in the British 6s!es a!one in (hich
"inosaur activit, has .een re+orte" 0there are, in -act, near!, 200 such +!aces in Britain2, .ut
+erha+s the most re!evant as+ect o- this as -ar as our +resent stu", is concerne" is the -act that some
o- these sihtins an" su.se:uent encounters (ith !ivin "inosaurs can .e "ate" to the
com+arative!, recent +ast) &he iant re+ti!e at Bures in Su--o!/, -or exam+!e, is /no(n to us -rom a
chronic!e o- 1;05'
8C!ose to the to(n o- Bures, near Su".ur,, there has !ate!, a++eare", to the reat hurt o- the
countr,si"e, a "raon, vast in .o",, (ith a creste" hea", teeth !i/e a sa(, an" a tai! exten"in to an
enormous !enth) @avin s!auhtere" the she+her" o- a -!oc/, it "evoure" man, shee+)8
A-ter an unsuccess-u! attem+t ., !oca! archers to /i!! the .east, "ue to its im+enetra.!e hi"e,
8)))in or"er to "estro, him, a!! the countr, +eo+!e aroun" (ere summone") But (hen the "raon sa(
that he (as aain to .e assai!e" (ith arro(s, he -!e" into a marsh or mere an" there hi" himse!-
amon the !on ree"s, an" (as no more seen)8 0E2
Bater in the 15th centur,, accor"in to a contem+orar, chronic!e that sti!! survives in Canter.ur,
Cathe"ra!8s !i.rar,, the -o!!o(in inci"ent (as re+orte") On the a-ternoon o- 4ri"a,, 26th
Se+tem.er, 1;;7, t(o iant re+ti!es (ere seen -ihtin on the .an/s o- the 3iver Stour 0near the
vi!!ae o- Bitt!e Cornar"2 (hich mar/e" the En!ish count, .or"ers o- Su--o!/ an" Essex) One (as
.!ac/, an" the other 8re""ish an" s+otte"8) A-ter an hour5!on stru!e that too/ +!ace 8to the
a"miration o- man, Ho- the !oca!sI .eho!"in them8, the .!ac/ monster ,ie!"e" an" returne" to its
!air, the scene o- the con-!ict .ein /no(n ever since as Shar+-iht 1ea"o() 072
As !ate as Auust, 161;, the -o!!o(in so.er account (as iven o- a strane re+ti!e that (as
encountere" in St Beonar"8s 4orest in Sussex) &he sihtin (as near a vi!!ae that (as /no(n as
Fraon8s %reen !on .e-ore this re+ort (as +u.!ishe"'
8&his ser+ent 0or "raon as some ca!! it2 is re+ute" to .e nine -eete, or rather more, in !enth, an"
sha+e" a!most in the -orm o- an ax!etree o- a cart' a :uantitie o- thic/ness in the mi""est, an"
some(hat sma!!er at .oth en"es) &he -ormer +art, (hich he shootes -orth as a nec/e, is su++ose" to
.e an e!!e HD -t 7 ins or 1 !; cmsI !onC (ith a (hite rin, as it (ere, o- sca!es a.out it) &he sca!es
a!on his .ac/ seem to .e .!ac/ish, an" so much as is "iscovere" un"er his .e!ie, a++eareth to .e
re"))) it is !i/e(ise "iscovere" to have !are -eete, .ut the e,e ma, there .e "eceive", -or some
su++ose that ser+ents have no -eete ))) H&he "raonI ri"s a(a, 0as (e ca!! it2 as -ast as a man can
run) @is -oo" Hra..itsI is thouht to .eC -or the most +art, in a conie5(arren, (hich he much
-re:uents )))&here are !i/e(ise u+on either si"e o- him "iscovere" t(o reat .unches so .i as a
!are -oote5.a!!, an" 0as some thin/e2 (i!! in time ro( to (ins, .ut %o", 6 ho+e, (i!! 0to "e-en"
the +oor +eo+!e in the neih.ourhoo"2 that he sha!! .e "estro,e" .e-ore he ro(s to -!e"e)8 0102
&his "raon (as seen in various +!aces (ithin a circuit o- three or -our mi!es, an" the +am+h!et
name" some o- the sti!!5!ivin (itnesses (ho ha" seen him) &hese inc!u"e" Kohn Stee!e,
Christo+her @o!"er an" a certain 8(i"o( (oman "(e!!in neare 4a,ate8) Another (itness (as 8the
carrier o- @orsham, (ho !ieth at the White @orse HinnI in South(ar/8) One o- the !oca!s set his t(o
masti--s onto the monster, an" a+art -rom !osin his "os he (as -ortunate to esca+e a!ive -rom the
encounter, -or the "raon (as a!rea", cre"ite" (ith the "eaths o- a man an" (oman at (hom it ha"
s+at an" (ho conse:uent!, ha" .een /i!!e" ., its venom) When a++roache" un(ittin!,, our
+am+h!eteer te!!s us, the monster (as)))
8)))o- countenance ver, +rou" an" at the siht or hearin o- men or catte! (i!! raise his nec/ u+riht
an" seem to !isten an" !oo/e a.out, (ith reat arroanc,)8
an e,e(itness account o- t,+ica!!, re+ti!ian .ehaviour)
Aain, as !ate as 27th an" 2Eth 1a, 1667, a !are re+ti!ian anima! (as sihte" man, times, as (as
re+orte" in the +am+h!et' A 4rue Relation o! a Monstrous 7erpent seen at 0enha% &Esse5, on the
Mount in 7a!!ron :aldon. 0112
6n 1E67 (as seen, -or the !ast time, the monster that !ive" in the (oo"s aroun" 4itt!e(orth in
Sussex) 6t (ou!" run u+ to +eo+!e hissin an" s+ittin i- the, ha++ene" to stum.!e across it
una(ares, a!thouh it never harme" an,one) Severa! such cases cou!" .e cite", .ut su--ice it to sa,
that too man, inci"ents !i/e these are re+orte" "o(n throuh the centuries an" -rom a!! sorts o-
!ocations -or us to sa, that the, are a!! -air,5ta!es) 4or exam+!e, Scot!an"8s -amous Boch 9ess
1onster is too o-ten thouht to .e a recent +ro"uct o- the !oca! &ourist Boar"8s e--orts to .rin in
some tra"e, ,et Boch 9ess is ., no means the on!, Scottish !och (here monsters have .een
re+orte") Boch Bomon", Boch A(e, Boch 3annoch an" the +rivate!, o(ne" Boch 1orar 0over 1000
-t "ee+2 a!so have recor"s o- monster activit, in recent ,ears) 6n"ee", there have .een over -ort,
sihtins at Boch 1orar a!one since the en" o- the !ast (ar, an" over a thousan" -rom Boch 9ess in
the same +erio") @o(ever, as -ar as Boch 9ess itse!- is concerne", -e( rea!ise that monstrous
re+ti!es, no "ou.t the same s+ecies, have .een sihte" in an" aroun" the !och since the so5ca!!e"
Far/ Aes, the most nota.!e instance .ein that (hich is "escri.e" in A"amnan8s -amous 6th
centur, -i!e o! 7t Colu%ba.
On hearin this, an" (ith never a thouht -or his o(n sa-et,, the .rave saint imme"iate!, or"ere"
one o- his -o!!o(ers to ?um+ into the -reeJin (ater to see i- the monster (as sti!! in the vicinit,)
A"amnan re!ates ho( the thrashin a.out o- the a!arme" an" unha++, s(immer, Bune 1ocumin
., name, attracte" the monster8s attention) Su""en!,, on .rea/in the sur-ace, the monster (as seen
to s+ee" to(ar"s the !uc/!ess cha+ (ith its mouth (i"e o+en an" screamin !i/e a .anshee)
Co!um.a, ho(ever, re-use" to +anic, an" -rom the sa-et, o- the "r, !an" re.u/e" the .east) Whether
the s(immer a""e" an, re.u/es o- his o(n is not recor"e", .ut the monster (as seen to turn a(a,,
havin a++roache" the s(immer so c!ose!, that not the !enth o- a +unt5+o!e !a, .et(een them)
Co!um.a, natura!!,, c!aime" the cre"it -or the s(immer8s surviva!, a!thouh the re!uctance o- the
monster to actua!!, harm the man is the most nota.!e thin in this inci"ent) &he -irst s(immer ha"
.een savae" an" /i!!e", thouh not eaten, an" the secon" s(immer (as !i/e(ise treate" to a
"is+!a, o- the creature8s (rath, thouh not -ata!!,) 1ost !i/e!,, the t(o men ha" un(ittin!, entere"
the (ater c!ose to (here the creature /e+t her ,oun, an" she (as reactin in a (a, that is t,+ica! o-
most s+ecies) %ori!!as, .u!! e!e+hants, ostriches, in"ee" a!! sorts o- creature (i!! chare at a man,
hissin, screamin an" trum+etin a!armin!,, ,et (i!! rare!, /i!! him or harm him so !on as the
man ta/es the hint an" oes a(a,) We can re!, on it that Co!um.a8s -o!!o(er, utter!, !ac/in his
saint!, master8s -ortitu"e, ha" .eun the +rocess o- ta/in the hint in +!ent, o- time -or the monster
to rea!ise that /i!!in him (ou!" not .e necessar,)
Yet not even Bune 1ocumin8s ex+enence is that uncommon) As recent!, as the 1Eth centur,, in a
!a/e ca!!e" B!,n5,5%a"er in Sno("on, Wa!es, a certain man (ent s(immin) @e reache" the mi""!e
o- the !a/e an" (as returnin to the shore (hen his -rien"s (ho (ere (atchin him notice" that he
(as .ein -o!!o(e" .,'
8)))a !on, trai!in o.?ect (in"in s!o(!, .ehin" him) &he, (ere a-rai" to raise an a!arm, .ut (ent
-or(ar" to meet him as soon as he reache" the shore (here the, stoo") Kust as he (as a++roachin,
the trai!in o.?ect raise" its hea", an" .e-ore an,one cou!" ren"er ai" the man (as enve!o+e" in the
coi!s o- the monster)))8 0122
6t seems that the man8s .o", (as never recovere")
At a.out the turn o- this +resent centur,, the -o!!o(in inci"ent too/ +!ace) 6t (as re!ate" ., a Ba",
%reor, o- 6re!an" in 1720'
8)))o!" +eo+!e to!" me that the, (ere s(immin there, Hin an 6rish !a/e ca!!e" Bouh %rane,I an" a
man ha" one out into the mi""!e, an" the, sa( somethin !i/e a reat .i ee! ma/in -or him)))8
01D2
@a++i!,, on this occasion the man ma"e it .ac/ to the shore, .ut the im+ortant thin -or us to notice
is that these are on!, a -e( o- a reat man, re+orts concernin the sihtins in recent times o- !a/e5
"(e!!in monsters (hich, i- on!, their -ossi!s ha" .een -oun", (ou!" have .een ca!!e" "inosaurs)
But the British 6s!es are not the on!, +!ace (here one can -in" such re+orts) &he, occur, :uite
!itera!!,, a!! over the (or!") 01;2 Wi!!iam Caxton, -or exam+!e, En!an"8s -irst +rinter, recor"e" -or
us in 1;E; the -o!!o(in account o- a re+ti!ian monster in me"ieva! 6ta!,) 6 have mo"ernise" the
s+e!!in an" +unctuation'
8&here (as -oun" (ithin a reat river Hi)e) the Po in 6ta!,I a monster marine, or o- the sea, o- the
-orm or !i/eness (hich -o!!o(eth) @e ha" the -orm or ma/in o- a -ish, the (hich +art (as in t(o
ha!ves, that is to (it "ou.!e) @e ha" a reat .ear" an" he ha" t(o (on"er-u!!, reat horns a.ove his
ears) A!so he ha" reat +a+s an" a (on"er-u!!, reat an" horri.!e mouth) An" at the .oth Ho-I his
e!.o(s he ha" (ins riht .roa" an" reat o- -ish8s armour (here(ith he s(imme" an" on!, he ha"
.ut the hea" out o- the (ater) 6t ha++e" then that man, (omen !aun"ere" an" (ashe" at the +ort or
haven o- the sai" river H(hereI that this horri.!e an" -ear-u! .east (as, H(hoI -or !ac/ or "e-au!t o-
meat came s(immin to(ar" the sai" (omen) O- the (hich he too/ one ., the han" an" su++ose"
to have "ra(n her into the (ater) But she (as stron an" (e!! a"vise" an" resiste" aainst the sai"
monster) An" as she "e-en"e" herse!-, she .ean to cr, (ith an hih voice, M@e!+, he!+>M &o the
(hich came runnin -ive (omen (hich ., hur!in an" "ra(in o- stones, /i!!e" an" s!e( the sai"
monster, -or he (as come too -ar (ithin the soun", (here-ore he miht not return to the "ee+ (ater)
An" a-ter, (hen he ren"ere" his s+irit, he ma"e a riht !itt!e cr,) @e (as o- reat cor+u!ence more
than an, man8s .o",) An" ,et, saith Poe HPoius Braccio!ini o- 4!orenceI in this manner, that he,
.ein at 4errara, he sa( the sai" monster an" saith ,et that the ,oun chi!"ren (ere accustome" -or
to o .athe an" (ash them (ithin the sai" river, .ut the, came not a!! aain) Where-ore the (omen
HneitherI (ashe" nor !aun"ere" their c!othes at the sai" +ort, -or the -o!/ +resume" an" su++ose"
that the monster /i!!e" the ,oun chi!"ren (hich (ere "ro(ne")8 0152
Caxton a!so +rovi"e" the -o!!o(in account o- a 8ser+ent8 (hich !e-t a co( .a"!, .ruise" an"
-rihtene", a!thouh (e shou!" .ear in min" that a ser+ent in Caxton8s "a, (as not the sna/e that
(e (ou!" imaine to"a,, -or the (or" ser+ent has chane" its meanin s!iht!, since the 1i""!e
Aes) &here are one or t(o intriuin (oo"cut i!!ustrations o- these ser+ents in Caxton8s .oo/, an"
the, are a!! .i+e"a!, sca!e" re+ti!es (ith !are mouths'
8)))a.out the marches o- 6ta!,, (ithin a mea"o(, (as sometime a ser+ent o- (on"er-u! an" riht
marve!!ous reatness, riht hi"eous an" -ear-u!) 4or -irst he ha" the hea" reater than the hea" o- a
ca!-) Secon"!,, he ha" a nec/ o- the !enth o- an ass, an" his .o", ma"e a-ter the !i/eness o- a "o)
An" his tai! (as (on"er-u!!, reat, thic/ an" !on, (ithout com+arison to an, other) A co( )))
HseeinI )))so riht horri.!e a .east, she (as a!! -ear-u! an" !i-t herse!- u+ an" su++ose" to have -!e"
a(a,) But the ser+ent, (ith his (on"er-u!!, !on tai!, en!ace" her t(o hin" !es) An" the ser+ent
then .ean to suc/ the co() An" in"ee" so much an" so !on he suc/e" that he -oun" some mi!/)
An" (hen the co( miht esca+e -rom him, she -!e" unto the other co(s) An" her +a+s an" her hin"
!es, an" a!! that the ser+ent touche", (as a!! .!ac/ a reat s+ace o- time)8 0162
&hese accounts are c!ear!, -actua! an" (itnesse" re+orts rather than -air,5ta!es, an" are as c!ose to
?ourna!istic re+ortin as (e sha!! ever see in (or/s -rom the 1i""!e Aes) But -or a more mo"ern
exam+!e o- such ?ourna!istic re+ortin, !et us consi"er the -o!!o(in artic!e that a++eare" recent!, in
that most so.er o- British ?ourna!s, 4he 4i%es:
8Ka+anese -ishermen cauht a "ea" monster, (eihin t(o tons an" D0 -eet in !enth, o-- the coast o-
9e( *ea!an" in A+ri!, it (as re+orte" to"a,) Be!ieve" to .e a survivor o- a +rehistoric s+ecies, the
monster (as cauht at a "e+th o- 1000 -eet o-- the South 6s!an" coast, near Christchurch)
Pa!eonto!oists -rom the 9atura! Science 1useum near &o/,o have conc!u"e" that the .east
.e!one" to the +!eisiosaurus -ami!, 5 hue, sma!!5hea"e" re+ti!es (ith a !on nec/ an" -our -ins )))
A-ter a mem.er o- the cre( ha" +hotora+he" an" measure" it, the tra(!er8s ca+tain or"ere" the
cor+se to .e thro(n .ac/ into the sea -or -ear o- contamination to his -ish)8 0172
6t is thouht +rovo/in to consi"er that the Ka+anese have no +ro.!em (ith o--icia!!, o(nin u+ to
the +resent5"a, existence o- "raons, sea5monsters or "inosaurs) 6n"ee", the, even issue" a +ostae5
stam+ (ith a +icture o- a +!eisiosaurus to commemorate the a.ove -in") On!, (e in the West seem
to have a +ro.!em (ith the +resent5"a, existence o- these creatures, -or on!, nine "a,s a-ter the
a++earance o- the 4i%es artic!e, it (as som.er!, announce" on the D0th Ku!, 1777 ., the BBC that
the monster on!, !oo/e" !i/e a +!eisiosaurus) 6t in -act (as a shar/ that ha" "ecom+ose" in such a
(a, as to conve, the im+ression that it ha" a !on nec/, a sma!! hea" an" -our !are +a""!es) @o(
the,, or their in-ormants at the 9atura! @istor, 1useum in $ensinton, cou!" te!! this since the
creature (as no !oner avai!a.!e -or examination, (e can on!, uess at, es+ecia!!, consi"erin that
the marine .io!oist on .oar" the vesse!, the ?uiyo-%aru* ha" s/etche" the creatures s/e!eta!
structure an" it is nothin !i/e that o- a shar/ 0see 4iure 10)1, .e!o(2) 1arine .io!oists are hih!,
traine" scientists (hose a.i!it, to "etect "isease an" mutations in -ish an" marine mamma!s is
crucia! to the hea!th o- the consumer !et a!one the +ro-its o- the -ishin vesse! concerne", so their
/no(!e"e o- marine !i-e is necessari!, ver, reat) Yet the BBC (ou!" have us .e!ieve that
1ichihi/o Yano, the overnment5traine" an" hih!, :ua!i-ie" marine .io!oist (ho examine",
+hotora+he" an" measure" the monster, (ou!"n8t /no( a "ea" shar/ (hen he sa( one>

But (estern
o--icia!"om has not
a!(a,s .een as averse
as this at
ac/no(!e"in an"
even mentionin in
o--icia! re+orts the
existence o- creatures
(hich are su++ose" .,
to"a,8s esta.!ishment to
have "ie" out mi!!ions
o- ,ears ao) &he
-o!!o(in, -or exam+!e,
(as +enne" on!, t(o
hun"re" ,ears ao in
177D an" "escri.es
creatures that soun"
sus+icious!, !i/e
+tero"act,!s or simi!ar)
3emem.er, it is an
o--icia! an" ver, so.er
overnment re+ort that
(e are rea"in'
86n the en" o- 9ovem.er an" .einnin o- Fecem.er !ast, man, o- the countr, +eo+!e o.serve"
"raons a++earin in the north an" -!,in ra+i"!, to(ar"s the eastC -rom (hich the, conc!u"e", an"
their con?ectures (ere riht, that))).oisterous (eather (ou!" -o!!o()8 01E2
&his re+ort is intriuin -or the -act that exact!, one thousan" ,ears .e-ore an a!most i"entica!
re+ort ma"e its a++earance in the An!o5Saxon Chronic!e un"er the ,ear 77D) &he t(o accounts are
nothin more than countr, +eo+!e .ein a.!e to +re"ict the (eather ., o.servin the .ehaviour o-
the anima!s, (hich is a s/i!! that the, have a!(a,s +ossesse" an" use", an" these accounts,
com.ine" (ith !ater recor"s o- the ,ears 1170, 1177, 1221 an" 1222, o- 12DD an" o- 15D2, suest
that these creatures cou!" te!! the a++roach o- .a" (eather comin in o-- the At!antic an" sim+!,
mirate" to ca!mer reions (hi!e the .a" (eather !aste") Consi"erin the -!imsiness an" -rai!it, o-
the (ins o- +tero"act,!s an" simi!ar creatures, the re+orts ma/e eminent sense)
But no( (e come to the most nota.!e recor"s o- a!!) &he, are (ritten (or/s that are remar/a.!e -or
the ra+hic "etai! (ith (hich the, +ortra, the iant re+ti!es that the ear!, Saxons, Fanes an" others
encountere" in 9orthern Euro+e an" Scan"inavia) 6n various 9or"ic saas the s!a,in o- "raons is
"e+icte" in some "etai!, an" this he!+s us to reconstruct the +h,sica! a++earance o- some o- these
creatures) 6n the >olsungassaga* 0172 -or exam+!e, the s!a,in o- the monster 5afnir (as
accom+!ishe" ., Siur" "iin a +it an" (aitin, insi"e the +it, -or the monster to cra(! overhea"
on its (a, to the (ater) &his a!!o(e" Siur" to attac/ the anima!8s so-t un"er5.e!!,) C!ear!,, 5afnir
(a!/e" on a!! -ours (ith his .e!!, c!ose to the roun")
Bi/e(ise, the >oluspa te!!s us o- a certain monster (hich the ear!, =i/ins ca!!e" a Nithhoggr, its
name &#orpse-tearer, revea!in the -act that it !ive" o-- carrion) Saxo %rammaticus, in his 2esta
$anoru%* te!!s us o- the Fanish /in 4rotho8s -iht (ith a iant re+ti!e, an" it is in the a"vice iven
., a !oca! to the /in, an" recor"e" ., Saxo, that the monster is "escri.e" in reat "etai!) 6t (as, he
sa,s, a ser+ent'
8)))(reathe" in coi!s, "ou.!e" in man, a -o!", an" (ith a tai! "ra(n out in (in"in (hor!s, sha/in
his mani-o!" s+ira!s an" she""in venom ))) his s!aver Hsa!ivaI .urns u+ (hat it .es+atters,et Hhe
te!!s the /in in (or"s that (ere "ou.t!ess meant to encourae rather than "isma,I )))remem.er to
/ee+ the "aunt!ess tem+er o- th, min"C nor !et the +oint o- the ?ae" tooth trou.!e thee, nor the
star/ness o- the .east, nor the venom there is a +!ace un"er his !o(est .e!!, (hither thou ma,st
+!une the .!a"e8 0202
&he "escri+tion o- this re+ti!ian monster c!ose!, resem.!es that o- the monster seen at @enham 0see
9ote 112, an" the t(o anima!s cou!" (e!! have .e!one" to the same or simi!ar s+ecies) 9ota.!e,
es+ecia!!,, is their "e-ence mechanism o- s+ittin corrosive venom at their victims)
But it is the e+ic An!o5Saxon +oem Beoul! 0212 that +rovi"es us (ith tru!, inva!ua.!e
"escri+tions o- the hue re+ti!ian anima!s (hich, on!, 1;00 ,ears ao, in-este" Fenmar/ an" other
+arts o- Euro+e, an" (e sha!! turn our attention no( to a c!ose an" ver, "etai!e" examination o- this
most remar/a.!e account)

Some Sites of %+inosa#r% !ctivity Thro#gho#t Britain
A!!er, SomersetC An(ic/, Binco!nshireC Bam.urh, 9orthum.er!an"C Bec/ho!e, 9orth Yor/shireC
Be""5,r5A-anc, Wa!esC Ben =air, Scot!an"C Binor @i!!, West SussexC Bisho+ Auc/!an", FurhamC
Bisterne, @am+shireC Brent Pe!ham, @ert-or"shireC Brinso+, @ere-or" an" WorcesterC Bures,
Su--o!/C Ca"hur, Cast!e, FevonC Carham+ton, SomersetC Cast!e Car!ton, BincoinshireC Cast!e
9eroche, SomersetC Cha!!acom.e, FevonC Churchstanton, SomersetC Cnoc5naCnoimh, Scot!an"C
Cro(com.e, SomersetC Fa!r,, Scot!an"C Feerhurst, %!oucestershireC Fo!5,5Carro, Wa!esC Fraon5
hoar" 0nr %arsinton2, Ox-or"shireC Fra/e @o(e, 9orth Yor/shireC Fra/e!o(, Fer.,shireC
Fra/e!o(e, WorcestershireC 4i!e, Bri, 9orth Yor/shireC @an"a!e Prior,, 9orth Yor/ shireC
@enham, EssexC @orn"en, EssexC $e!!inton, 9orth Yor/shireC $i!ve, SomersetC $inston St 1ar,,
SomersetC Bam.ton Cast!e,, FurhamC Binton, Scot!an"C Bitt!e Cornar", Su--o!/C B!an"ei!o %ra.an,
Wa!esC B!anraea"r5,m51ochnant, Wa!esC B!,n Bar-o, Wa!esC B!,n C,n(ch 0nr Fo!e!!au2, Wa!esC
B!,n B!ion, Wa!esC B!,n5,5%a"er, Wa!esC B!,n5,r) A-anc, Wa!esC Boch A(e, Scot!an"C Boch 1aree,
Scot!an"C Boch 1orar, Scot!an"C Boch 9ess, Scot!an"C Boch 3annoch, Scot!an"C Bon(itton,
9orthum.er!an"C Bu"ham, 9or-o!/ B,minster, West SussexC 1anaton, FevonC 1one, @i!!,
9orthum.er!an"C 1oston, CheshireC 9e(cast!e Em!,n, Wa!esC 9orton 4itJ(arren, @ere-or" an"
WorcesterC 9unninton, 9orth Yor/shireC O!" 4ie!" Barro(s 0nr Brom-ie!"2,) Shro+shireC Pen!!in
Cast!e, Wa!esC Penmar/, Wa!esC Penm,n,"", Wa!esC St A!.ans, @ert-or"shireC St Beonar"8s 4orest,
West SussexC St Os,th, EssexC Sa--ron Wa!"on, EssexC Sexho(, 9orth Yor/shireC Shervae Woo",
@ere-or" an" WorcesterC S!ins.,, 9orth Yor/shireC Soc/.urn, FurhamC Stinchcom.e,
%!oucestershireC Strathmartin, Scot!an"C Wa!msate, Binco!nshireC Want!e,, South Yor/shireC We!!,
9orth Yor/shireC Wher(e!!, @am+shireC Whitehorse @i!!, Ox-or"5 shireC Win/!eih, FevonC Wiston,
Wa!esC Worme!o( &um+, @ere-or" an" WorcesterC Wormin-or", Essex)
== *9E>
MAIN A!E """#creatio$is%#or&
#E?T @@


A-ter the 4!oo" 5 by Bill Cooper
CHAPTER
I
CHAPTER
II
CHAPTER
III
CHAPTER
IV
CHAPTER
V
CHAPTER
VI
CHAPTER
VII
CHAPTER
VIII
CHAPTER
IX
CHAPTER
X
CHAPTER
XI
CHAPTER
XII
CHAPTER
XIII
== *9E>
"The early post-flood history of
Europe traced back to Noah"
#E?T @@
C'ATER ((
Beowulf a$d the Creatures of De$%ark
&he Beowulf +oem survives in a sin!e manuscri+t co+, that (as ma"e in ca AF 1000) 1oreover,
this manuscri+t 012 is o-ten state" ., mo"ern critics to .e a co+, o- a mi"5Eth centur, An!o5Saxon
0i)e) O!" En!ish2 oriina!, no( !ost) &his oriina! is in turn "escri.e" as an essentia!!, Christian
+oem) Yet, the continua!!, re+eate" assertion o- the su++ose"!, Christian oriins o- the +oem not
on!, contri.utes to(ar" a serious misun"erstan"in o- the +oem8s nature an" +ur+ose, .ut nota.!,
-ai!s to ta/e into account the -o!!o(in -acts)
4irst!,, there are no a!!usions (hatever in the +oem to an, event, +erson or teachin o- the 9e(
&estament) &his is in shar+ contrast to other An!o5Saxon +oems 0&he Fream o- the 3oo", an" so
on2 that certain!, are Christian in sentiment) &here are "e-inite a!!usions to certain -acts an"
+ersonaes containe" in the O!" &estament, name!, to %o", the Creation, to A.e! an" to Cain, .ut
these are no more than those same historica! a!!usions that are to .e met (ith in the other
+reChristian An!o5Saxon enea!oies an" recor"s that (e have a!rea", stu"ie" in cha+ter 7 o- this
.oo/) Bi/e those recor"s, an" (hi!st !i/e(ise sho(in a most interestin historica! /no(!e"e o-
certain events an" +ersonaes that a!so a++ear in the %enesis recor", the Beoul! +oem c!ear!, +re5
"ates an, /no(!e"e amon the An!o5Saxons o- Christianit, per se.
6n vie( o- this, it is har"!, sur+risin to -in" that the sentiments o- the +oem are stron!, +aan,
exto!!in the hih!, :uestiona.!e virtues o- veneance, the accumu!ation o- +!un"er an" the
.oastin o- an" re!iance u+on human strenth an" +ro(ess) A!!usions are a!so ma"e to .!atant!,
+aan oaths, sacri-ices, sentiments an" -orms o- .uria!) But there are certain!, no exc!usive!,
Christian sentiments ex+resse" an,(here in its D1E2 !ines o- text)
9o(here in the +oem is an, re-erence ma"e to the British 6s!es or to an, British 0or En!ish2 /in,
+ersonae or historica! event) &his is sim+!, .ecause this e+ic +oem +re5"ates the miration o- the
Saxons to these is!es) An" (hat are (e to ma/e o- the -o!!o(in +assaeA'
1!ortha% (ffa aes geo!li% ond guthu% gar#ene %an ide geeorthod isdo%e heold ethel sinne
thonon 1omer o# haelethu% to helpe... 8 022 0Em+hases mine2
Which A!exan"er 0see .i.!iora+h,2 trans!ates thus'
8So it (as that O--a Hi)e) /in o- the continenta! An!esI, .rave (ith the s+ear, (as s+o/en o- a.roa"
-or his (ars an" his i-tsC he overne" (ith (is"om the !an" o- his .irth) &o him (as .orn Eomer,
he!+er o- the heroes)))8 0D2
&he O--a (ho is mentione" here (as the +re5miration ancestor o- his Eth centur, namesa/e, $in
O--a o- 1ercia 0AF 75757762, (hom (e have a!rea", met 0a!on (ith this same ancestor2, in the
ear!, Saxon enea!oies) We have a!so met Eomer in the same enea!oies, (here his name is
ren"ere" Eomer an" (here he is, strict!, s+ea/in, the ran"son, an" not the son, o- O--a) &hese
ancient enea!oies (ere c!ear!, -resh in the min" o- the (riter o- Beoul!* (hich aain te!!s us
somethin o- the times in (hich the +oem (as com+ose") 0;2
&here is, moreover, no s,co+hantic "e"ication o- the +oem to an, Christian An!o5Saxon En!ish
/in, not even to that $in O--a (hose ancestor is immorta!ise" in the +oem an" un"er (hose
aus+ices some mo"ern scho!ars suest the +oem (as (ritten) 1an, other scho!ars (ou!" +!um+
-or an even !ater "ate -or the +oem, ,et the characters in the +oem can .e historica!!, "ate" to the
!ate 5th an" ear!, 6th centuries, ,ears that !on +rece"e" the a"o+tion o- Christianit, ., the Saxons)
6n other (or"s, the +oem .e!ons ver, -irm!, in"ee" to the +aan times (hich it "escri.es)
A "etai!e" stu", o- the historica! characters containe" in the Beoul! e+ic an" their re!ationshi+s to
each other, is set out in A++en"ix 7) But to .rie-!, summarise here, Beo(u!-, the character in (hose
honour the +oem (as (ritten, (as no m,thica! -iure) @is +!ace is -irm!, set in histor,) @e (as
.orn the son o- Ectheo( in AF ;75) At the ae o- seven, in AF 502, he (as .rouht to the court o-
@rethe!, his materna! ran"-ather 0AF ;;5550D2 (ho (as then /in o- the %eatinas, a tri.e (ho
inha.ite" (hat is to"a, southern S(e"en 0an" (hose e+on,mous -oun"er, %eat, a!so a++ears in the
ear!, enea!oies 5 see cha+ter 72) A-ter an un+romisin an" -ec/!ess ,outh, "urin (hich ,ears
(ere -ouht the %eatishRS(e"ish (ars, in +articu!ar the Batt!e o- 3avens(oo" H@re-na(u"uI in the
,ear AF 510, Beo(u!- un"ertoo/ his ce!e.rate" ?ourne, to Fenmar/, to visit @rothar, /in o- the
Fanes) &his (as in AF 515, Beo(u!-8s t(entieth ,ear) 0&his (as a!so the ,ear o- his s!a,in the
monster %ren"e! (hich (e sha!! examine short!,)2 Six ,ears !ater, in AF 521, Beo(u!-8s unc!e, $in
@,e!ac, (as s!ain)
@,e!ac himse!- is /no(n to have !ive" -rom AF ;75 5 521, havin come to the throne o- the
%eatinas in AF 50D, the ,ear o- his -ather @rethe!8s "eath) @e is in"e+en"ent!, mentione" in
%reor, o- &our8s 0istoriae <ran#oru%, (here his name is ren"ere" Chlocilaich#s) 052
&here, an" in other Batin 4ran/ish sources, 062 he is "escri.e" as a Fanish /in 6Chogilaic#s
+anor#m re,2, not a %eat, .ut this is the same mista/e that our o(n En!ish chronic!ers ma"e
(hen the, inc!u"e" even the 9or(eian =i/ins un"er the eneric name o- Fanes) &he -iber
Monstroru%* ho(ever, "i" correct!, a!!u"e to him as re, Getar#m, /in o- the %eats) Saxo a!so
mentions him as the /#glet#s (ho "estro,e" the S(e"ish chie- @omothus) @omothus, in turn, is
the same as that Eanmun" (ho is "e+icte" in !ine 2612 o- the Beoul! +oem) 072
On @,e!ac8s "eath, Beo(u!- "ec!ine" the o--er to succee" his unc!e to the throne o- the %eatinas,
choosin instea" to act as uar"ian to @,e!ac8s son, +rince @ear"re", "urin the ,ears o-
@ear"re"8s minorit,) 0@ear"re" !ive" -rom AF 5115 5DD) @e (as there-ore in his tenth ,ear (hen he
.ecame /in)2 @ear"re", ho(ever, (as /i!!e" ., the S(e"es in AF 5DD 0-or ivin she!ter to the
S(e"ish /in8s ne+he(s 5 see A++en"ix 72, an" it (as in this ,ear that Beo(u!- too/ over the reins
o- /inshi+) Beo(u!- (ent on to ru!e his +eo+!e in +eace -or -i-t, ,ears, ",in at some EE ,ears o-
ae in the ,ear AF 5ED) &he manner o- his "eath, thouh, is +articu!ar!, re!evant to our stu",, as (e
sha!! see)
But -irst, (e must "is+e! one +articu!ar an" erroneous notion that has .e"evi!e" stu"ies in this -ie!"
-or ,ears) Since the +oem8s re"iscover, in the ear!, 1Eth centur, 0a!thouh it (as .rouht to the
more enera! attention o- scho!ars in the ,ear 1E15 (hen it (as -irst +rinte"2, scho!ars have insiste"
on "e+ictin the creatures in their trans!ations o- the +oem as 8trolls8) 0E2 &he monster %ren"e!, it is
sai", (as a tro!!) An" the o!"er -ema!e (ho (as assume" ., the Fanes to have .een his mother, is
!i/e(ise ca!!e" ., mo"ern trans!ators a tro!!5(i-e)
&he (or" 8troll8 is o- 9or"ic oriin, an" in the -air,5ta!es o- 9orthern Euro+e it is su++ose" to have
.een a human5!i/e, mischievous an" hair, "(ar- (ho s(a+s tro!! chi!"ren -or human chi!"ren in the
mi""!e o- the niht) 4or oo" measure, tro!!s are sometimes "e+icte" as e:ua!!, mischievous an"
hair, iants, some o- (hom !ive" un"er .ri"es or in caves) Which (ou!" .e a!! (e!! an" oo" .ut
-or the sinu!ar o.servation that the (or" 8tro!!8 is entire!, a.sent -rom the oriina! An!o5Saxon
text o- Beo(u!-> &he +oem is -u!! o- ex+ressions that (e (ou!" ca!! Joo!oica! terms, an" these
re!ate to a!! /in"s o- creatures, 0see A++en"ix 102) But none o- them have an,thin (hatever to "o
(ith "(arves, iants, tro!!s or -airies, mischievous or other(ise) An" (hi!st (e are on the su.?ect,
the monster %ren"e! +re,e" on the Fanes -or t(e!ve !on ,ears 0AF 50D55152) Are (e serious!, to
.e!ieve then that these Fanish =i/ins, (hose .erser/er5(arriors struc/ such -ear into the hearts o-
their neih.ours, (ere themse!ves -or t(e!ve !on ,ears ren"ere" he!+!ess (ith terror ., a hair,
"(ar-C even a 8iant8 oneA 4or that is (hat certain o- to"a,8s mistrans!ations o- the +oem (ou!" have
us .e!ieve)
B, the time o- his s!a,in the monster %ren"e! in AF 515, Beo(u!- himse!- ha" a!rea", .ecome
somethin o- a seasone" hunter o- !are re+ti!ian monsters) @e (as reno(ne" amonst the Fanes at
@rothar8s court -or havin c!eare" the !oca! sea !anes o- monstrous anima!s (hose +re"ator,
natures ha" .een ma/in !i-e haJar"ous -or the o+en .oats o- the =i/ins) 4ortunate!,, the An!o5
Saxon +oem, (ritten in +ure ce!e.ration o- his heroism, has +reserve" -or us not ?ust the +h,sica!
"escri+tions o- some o- the monsters that Beo(u!- encountere", .ut even the names un"er (hich
certain s+ecies o- these anima!s (ere /no(n to the Saxons an" Fanes)
@o(ever, in or"er to un"erstan" exact!, (hat it is that (e are rea"in (hen (e examine these
names, (e must a++reciate the nature o- the An!o5Saxon !anuae) &he An!o5Saxons 0!i/e the
mo"ern %ermans an" Futch2 ha" a ver, sim+!e metho" o- (or" construction, an" their names -or
ever,"a, o.?ects can sometimes soun" amusin to our mo"ern En!ish ears (hen trans!ate"
!itera!!,) A .o",, -or exam+!e, (as sim+!, a .one5house 0anh#s2, an" a ?oint a .one5!oc/
0anloca2) When Beo(u!- s+ea/s to his Fanish interroator, he is sai" :uite !itera!!, to have
un!oc/e" his (or"5hoar" 0wordhord onleoc2) Beo(u!-8s o(n name means .ear, an" it is
constructe" in the -o!!o(in (a,) &he Beo5e!ement is the Saxon (or" -or .ee, an" his name means
!itera!!, a .ee5(o!-) &he .ear has a "o5!i/e -ace an" (as seen ., those (ho (ise!, /e+t their
"istance to a++arent!, .e eatin .ees (hen it rai"e" their hives -or hone,) So the, sim+!, ca!!e" the
.ear a .ee5(o!-) Bi/e(ise, the sun (as ca!!e" (oru!"can"e!, !it) the (or!"5can"!e) 6t (as thus an
intense!, !itera! .ut at the same time hih!, +oetic !anuae, +ossessin reat an" unam.iuous
+o(ers o- "escri+tion)
&he s!a,in o- %ren"e! is the most -amous o- Beo(u!-8s encounters (ith monsters o- course, an" (e
sha!! come to !oo/ c!ose!, at this anima!8s +h,sica! "escri+tion as it is iven in the Beo(u!- e+ic)
But in %ren"e!8s !air, a !are s(am+, !a/e, there !ive" other re+ti!ian s+ecies that (ere co!!ective!,
/no(n ., the Saxons as wyrmeynnes 0!it) (orm/in", a race o- monsters an" ser+ents 5 the (or"
ser+ent in those "a,s meant somethin rather more than a sna/e2) Beo(u!- an" his men came across
them as the, (ere trac/in the -ema!e o- %ren"e!8s s+ecies .ac/ to her !air a-ter she ha" /i!!e" an"
eaten $in @rothar8s minister, Asshere, (hose ha!-5eaten hea" (as -oun" on the c!i--5to+
over!oo/in the !a/e)
Amonst them (ere creatures that (ere /no(n to the Saxons an" Fanes as iant saedracan 0sea5
"ra/es or sea5"raons2, an" these (ere seen -rom the c!i--5to+ su""en!, s(ervin throuh the "ee+
(aters o- the !a/e) Perha+s the, (ere a(are o- the arriva! o- humans) Other creatures (ere !,in in
the sun (hen Beo(u!-8s men -irst sa( them, .ut at the soun" o- the .att!e5horn the, scurrie" .ac/ to
the (ater an" s!ithere" .eneath the (aves)
&hese other creatures inc!u"e" one s+ecies /no(n to the Saxons as a nicor 0+!) niceras2, an" the
(or" has im+ortant connotations -or our +resent stu", inasmuch as it !ater "eve!o+e" into "n#c"er,
a 1i""!e En!ish (or" -or a (ater5"(e!!in monster or "raon) &he monster at B,minster in Sussex
0see ta.!e o- +revious cha+ter2 (as a /nuc/er as (ere severa! o- the other re+orte" sihtins o- such
creatures in this countr,) &he +oo! (here the B,minster "raon !ive" is /no(n to this "a, as the
$nuc/er8s @o!e) &he Or/ne, 6s!es, (hose inha.itants, sini-icant!,, are =i/in, not Scots, !i/e(ise
have their N#c"elavee, as "o a!so the Shet!an" 6s!an"ers) An" on the 6s!e o- 1an, the, have a
Ny"ir)
@o(ever, amonst the more enera!!, name" wyrmas 0ser+ents2 an" wildeor 0(i!" .easts2 that
(ere +resent at the !a/e on this occasion, there (as one s+ecies in +articu!ar that (as ca!!e" an
ythgewinnes$ 072 evi"ent!, a sur-ace5s(immin monster i- its name is an,thin to o .,, rather
than a creature that s(am at "e+th !i/e the saedracan) 6ntriue" ., it, Beo(u!- shot an arro( into
the creature, an" the anima! (as then har+oone" ., Beo(u!-8s men usin eo-ers+reotum, mo"i-ie"
.oar5s+ears) Once the monster (as "ea", Beo(u!- an" his men then "rae" the ythgewinnes out
o- the (ater an" !ai" its .o", out -or examination) &he, ha", a-ter a!!, a some(hat +ro-essiona!
interest in the anima!s that the, (ere u+ aainst) 1oreover, o- the monstrous re+ti!es that the, ha"
encountere" at the !a/e, it (as sai" that the, (ere such creatures as (ou!" sa!!, out at mi"mornin
time to create havoc amonst the shi+s in the sea !anes, an" one +articu!ar success o- Beo(u!-8s, as
(e have a!rea", seen, (as c!earin the narro( sea !anes .et(een Fenmar/ an" S(e"en o- certain
monsters (hich he ca!!e" merefi,a an" niceras) 4o!!o(in that o+eration, the carcasses o- nine
such creatures 0niceras nigene 5 A!exan"er mista/en!, trans!ates nigene as seven2 (ere !ai" out on
the .eaches -or "is+!a, an" -urther ins+ection)

&he !ast monster to .e "estro,e" ., Beo(u!- 0an"
-rom (hich encounter Beo(u!- a!so "ie" in the
,ear AF 5ED2 (as a -!,in re+ti!e (hich !ive" on a
+romontor, over!oo/in the sea at @ronesness on
the southern coast o- S(e"en) 9o(, the Saxons
0an" +resuma.!, the Fanes2 /ne( -!,in re+ti!es
in enera! as lyftfloga 0air5-!iers2, .ut this
+articu!ar s+ecies o- -!,in re+ti!e, the s+ecimen
-rom @ronesness, (as /no(n to them as a
widfloga, !it, a (i"e 0or -ar5ranin2 -!,er, an" the
"escri+tion that the, have !e-t us -its that o- a iant
Pteranodon) 6nterestin!,, the Saxons a!so
"escri.e" this creature as a ligdraca, or -ire5
"raon, an" he is "escri.e" as -i-t, -eet in !enth
0or +erha+s (in5s+anA2 an" a.out D00 ,ears o-
ae) 0%reat ae is a common -eature even amon
to"a,8s non5iant re+ti!es)2 1oreover, an" o-
+articu!ar interest to us, the name widfloga (ou!"
have "istinuishe" this +articu!ar s+ecies o- -!,in
re+ti!e -rom another simi!ar s+ecies (hich (as
ca+a.!e o- ma/in on!, short -!ihts) Such a
creature is +ortra,e" in 4iure 11)1 0to the !e-t2, a
shie!"5.oss -rom the Sutton @oo .uria! (hich
sho(s a -!,in "raon (ith its (ins -o!"e" a!on
its si"es) 6ts !on tooth5-i!!e" ?a(s are rea"i!, seen,
an" the shie!"5.oss can .e seen to this "a, in its
sho(case at the British 1useum) 1o"ern
+a!eonto!oists, (or/in -rom -ossi!iJe" remains,
have name" such a creature Pterodactyl)
But our attention must no( .e "ra(n to(ar"s another re+ti!ian monster (hich (as sure!, the most
-iercesome o- a!! the anima!s encountere" ., Beo(u!-, the monster ca!!e" %ren"e!)
6t is too o-ten an" mista/en!, thouht that the name %ren"e! (as mere!, a +ersona! name ., (hich
the Fanes /ne( this +articu!ar anima!) 6n much the same (a, as a horse is nic/name" Fo..in, or a
"o 4i"o, this monster, it is assume", (as ca!!e" %ren"e!) But, in -act, %ren"e! (as the name that
our -ore.ears ave to a +articu!ar s+ecies o- anima!) &his is evi"ence" ., the -act that in the ,ear
AF 7D1, $in Athe!stan o- Wessex issue" a charter in (hich a certain !a/e in Wi!tshire 0En!an"2 is
ca!!e" 0as in Fenmar/2 a ren"!es mere) 0102 &he %ren"e! in Beoul!* (e note (ith interest, a!so
!ive" in a mere) Other +!ace5names mentione" in o!" charters, Grindles ee an" Grendeles pyt, -or
exam+!e, (ere !i/e(ise +!aces that (ere 0or ha" .een2 the ha.itats o- this +articu!ar s+ecies o-
anima!) %rin"e!(a!", !it) %ren"e!(oo", in S(itJer!an" is another such +!ace) But (here "oes the
name %ren"e! itse!- come -romA
&here are severa! An!o5Saxon (or"s that share the same root as %ren"e!) &he O!" En!ish (or"
rin"an, -or exam+!e, an" -rom (hich (e "erive our (or" grind$ use" to "enote a "estro,er) But the
most !i/e!, oriin o- the name is sim+!, the -act that %ren"e! is an onomato+oeic term "erive" -rom
the O!" 9orse grindill$ meanin a storm or gren7a, meanin to .e!!o() &he (or" %ren"e! is
stron!, reminiscent o- the "ee+5throate" ro(! that (ou!" .e emitte" ., a ver, !are anima! an" it
came into 1i""!e En!ish usae as grindel, meanin anr,)
&o the ha+!ess Fanes (ho (ere the victims o- his +re"ator, rai"s, ho(ever, %ren"e! (as not ?ust an
anima!) &o them he (as "emon5!i/e, one (ho was synn#m eswenced 0a--!icte" (ith sins2) @e (as
godes ansaca 0%o"8s a"versar,2, the synscatha 0evi!5"oer2 (ho (as wonsaeli 0"amne"2, a ver,
feond on helle 0"evi! in he!!2> @e (as one o- the gr#nd-wyrgen, accurse" an" mur"erous monsters
(ho (ere sai" ., the Fanes to .e "escen"e" -rom Cain himse!-) An" it is "escri+tions such as these
o- %ren"e!8s nature that conve, somethin o- the horror (ith (hich the men o- those times
antici+ate" his rai"s on their homestea"s)
But as -or %ren"e!8s -ar more interestin +h,sica! "escri+tion, his ha.its an" the eora+h, o- his
haunts, the, are as -o!!o(s'
At one +oint in the +oem, @rothar, /in o- the Fanes, re!ates to Beo(u!- the -o!!o(in in-ormation
(hen "escri.in %ren"e! an" one o- the monster8s com+anions'
19# thaet londbuend leode %ine seleraedende se#gan hyrde thaet hie gesaon syl#e tegen %i#le
%ear#sta pan %oras healdan ellorgaestas. 4haera other aes thaes the hie geisli#ost geitan
%eahton idese onlienes, other ear%s#ea pen on eres waeslmum srae#lastas traed nae!ne he aes
%ara thonne aenig %an other thone on geardagu% 2rendel ne%don !oldbuende...1 0112 0Em+hases
mine2
))) the .est trans!ation o- (hich is A!exan"er8s'
86 have hear" it sai" ., su.?ects o- mine (ho !ive in the countr,, counse!ors in this ha!!, that the,
have seen such a +air o- hue (a,-arers hauntin the moors, other(or!"!, onesC an" one o- them, so
-ar as the, miht ma/e it out, (as in (oman8s sha+eC .ut the sha+e o- a man, thouh t(iste", tro"
a!so the trac/s o- exi!e 5 save that he (as more hue than an, human .ein) &he countr, +eo+!e
have ca!!e" him -rom o- o!" ., the name o- %ren"e!)M 0122
&he /e, (or"s -rom this +assae, an" -rom (hich (e ain im+ortant in-ormation concernin the
+h,sica! a++earance o- %ren"e!, are idese onlicnes (hen re-errin to the -ema!e monster, an" weres
waestm#m (hen re-errin to the ma!e) &hose Fanes (ho ha" seen the monsters thouht that the
-ema!e (as the o!"er o- the t(o an" su++ose" that she (as %ren"e!8s mother) She ma, have .een)
But (hat exact!, "o the "escri+tive terms te!! us that is o- such im+ortanceA Sim+!, this' that the
-ema!e (as in the sha+e o- a (oman 0idese onlicnes2 an" the ma!e (as in the sha+e o- a man
0weres waestm#m2, 8thouh t(iste"8) 6n other (or"s, the, (ere .oth .i+e"a!, .ut !arer than an,
human)
4urther im+ortant "etai! is a""e" e!se(here in the +oem concernin %ren"e!8s a++earance,
es+ecia!!, (hen the monster attac/e" the Fanes -or (hat (as to +rove the !ast time) 6n !ines E155E,
(e are to!", in the most ra+hic "etai!, ho( Beo(u!- in-!icte" a -ata! in?ur, on the monster .,
ho!"in the creature in an arm !oc/, (hich he then t(iste" 5 8wrythan8) !ine 76;2) &he +oem then
oes on to te!! us that'
1-i#sar gebad atol aeglae#a hi% on ea5ie earth syndolh seotol seonoe onsprungon burston
banlo#an.1
Which ma, .e trans!ate" thus'
8Searin +ain seiJe" the terri-,in u!, one as a a+in (oun" a++eare" in his shou!"er) &he sine(s
sna++e" an" the 0arm2 ?oint .urst asun"er)8 01, trans!ation2
4or t(e!ve ,ears the Fanes ha" themse!ves attem+te" to /i!! %ren"e! (ith conventiona! (ea+ons,
/nives, s(or"s, arro(s an" the !i/e) Yet his im+enetra.!e hi"e ha" "e-ie" them a!! an" %ren"e! (as
a.!e to attac/ the Fanes (ith im+unit, Beo(u!- consi"ere" a!! this an" "eci"e" that the on!, (a, to
tac/!e the monster (as to et to ri+s (ith him at c!ose :uarters) &he monster8s -ore!im.s, (hich the
Saxons ca!!e" eorms 0arms2 an" (hich some trans!ate as c!a(s, (ere sma!! an" com+arative!,
+un,) &he, (ere the monster8s one (ea/ s+ot, an" Beo(u!- (ent straiht -or them) @e (as a!rea",
reno(ne" -or his +ro"iious strenth o- ri+, an" he use" this to !itera!!, tear o-- one o- %ren"e!8s
(ea/, sma!! arms)
%ren"e!, ho(ever, is a!so "escri.e", in !ine 2077 o- the +oem, as a m#tona, i)e) one (ho s!a,s
(ith his mouth or ?a(s, an" the s+ee" (ith (hich he (as a.!e to "evour his human +re, te!!s us
somethin o- the siJe o- his ?a(s an" teeth 0he s(a!!o(e" the .o", o- one o- his victims in !are
8o..ets82) Yet, it is the ver, siJe o- %ren"e!8s ?a(s (hich +ara"oxica!!, (ou!" have ai"e" Beo(u!-
in his care-u!!, thouht out strate, o- oin -or the -ore!im.s, .ecause +ushin himse!- har" into
the anima!s chest .et(een those -ore!im.s (ou!" have +!ace" Beo(u!- tiht!, un"erneath those
?a(s an" (ou!" thus have she!tere" him -rom %ren"e!8s terri.!e teeth)

We are to!" that as soon as Beo(u!- ri++e" the
monsters c!a(s 0an" (e must remem.er that
%ren"e! (as on!, a ,ounster, an" not ., a!!
accounts a -u!!, mature a"u!t ma!e o- his s+ecies2,
the start!e" anima! trie" to +u!! a(a, instea" o-
attac/in Beo(u!-) &he anima! instinctive!, /ne(
the "aner he (as no( in an" he (ante" to esca+e
the c!utches o- the man (ho no( +ose" such an
unex+ecte" threat an" (ho (as in-!ictin such
a!armin +ain) @o(ever, it (as this action o- tr,in
to +u!! a(a, that !e-t %ren"e! (i"e o+en to
Beo(u!-8s strate,) &hus, Beo(u!- (as a.!e in the
ensuin stru!e eventua!!, to (rench o-- one o- the
anima!8s arms as so ra+hica!!, "escri.e" in the
+oem) As a resu!t o- this a++a!!in in?ur,, the ,oun
%ren"e! returne" to his !air an" sim+!, .!e" to
"eath)
But is Beo(u!-8s metho" o- s!a,in %ren"e! un/no(n e!se(here in the historica! recor"A Are there
no "e+ictions to .e -oun" o- simi!ar creatures .ein /i!!e" in a simi!ar (a,A 6t (ou!" seem that there
are, the i!!ustration .e!o( .ein one exam+!e 0see 4iure 11)2, a.ove2) 6t is ta/en -rom an
im+ression o- an ear!, Ba.,!onian c,!in"er sea! no( in the British 1useum, an" c!ear!, sho(s a
man a.out to am+utate the -ore!im. o- a .i+e"a! monster (hose a++earance, thouh st,!istic, -its
the "escri+tions o- %ren"e! ver, c!ose!,) 6 /no( o- no scho!ar (ho (ou!" venture to suest that the
O!" En!ish author o- Beoul! -i!che" his i"ea -rom his /no(!e"e o- Ba.,!onian c,!in"er sea!s) So
(e ma,, 6 thin/, sa-e!, assume that Beo(u!-8s metho" o- s!a,in this +articu!ar /in" o- anima! (as
not entire!, un/no(n in the ancient (or!") 9or, in"ee", (as the %ren"e! itse!- entire!, un/no(n in
the ancient (or!", as is evi"ent -rom the -o!!o(in item "e+icte" in 4iure 11)D, .e!o()
@ere (e are +resente" (ith a tru!, remar/a.!e scene) &he stone in (hich these strane anima!s are
carve", is +reserve" in the church o- SS) 1ar, an" @ar"u!+h at Bree"on5on5the5@i!! in
Beicestershire) &his church use" to .e!on to the Saxon /in"om o- 1ercia) &he stone itse!- is +art
o- a !arer -rieJe in (hich are "e+icte" various .ir"s an" humans, a!! o- them rea"i!, reconisa.!e)
But (hat are these strane creatures re+resente" hereA &he, are !i/e nothin that survives to"a, in
En!an", ,et the, are "e+icte" as vivi"!, as the other creatures) &here are !on5nec/e" :ua"ru+e"s,
one o- (hom on the riht seems to .e .itin 0or 8nec/in8 (ith2 another) An" in the mi""!e o- the
scene a++ears a .i+e"a! anima! (ho is c!ear!, attac/in one o- the :ua"ru+e"s) @e stan"s on t(o
reat hin"!es an" has t(o sma!!er -ore!im.s, an" carries (hat a++ears to .e armour +!atin on his
.ac/) @is victim seems to .e turnin to "e-en" himse!-C .ut (ith his hin"!es .uc/!e" in -ear)
9o( it cannot .e +reten"e" that these are mere!, caricatures o- or"inar, anima!s that are in"ienous
0these "a,s2 to the British 6s!es, -or none o- our +resent native s+ecies have !on nec/s or are
.i+e"a!) So ho( are (e to satis-actori!, account -or themA 6s there a +re"ator, anima! -rom the
-ossi! recor" /no(n to us, (ho ha" t(o massive hin"!es an" t(o com+arative!, +un, -ore!im.sA
&here is in"ee") 6n -act there are severa! such s+ecies, .ut ho( (as our Saxon artist to /no( a.out
such creatures i- he8" never seen oneA Are (e !oo/in here at a "e+iction in stone o- the creature
/no(n to the Saxons an" Fanes as %ren"e!A Consi"erin the c!ose +h,sica! "escri+tions that (e
-in" in Beoul!* it (ou!" seem that (e are)
&he Beoul! e+ic te!!s us that as -or his haunts an" ha.its, %ren"e! hunte" a!one, .ein /no(n .,
the un"erstan"a.!, -rihtene" !oca!s (ho sometimes sa( his moon!it sha+e comin "o(n -rom the
mist5!a"en -ens as the atol angengea, the terri-,in so!itar, one) @e (as a mearcstapa 0!it) a
marsh5ste++er2, one (ho sta!/e" the marshes or out!,in reions, 08hauntin the moors8, as
A!exan"er so +o(er-u!!, ren"ers it2) @e hunte" ., niht, a++roachin human sett!ements an"
(aitin si!ent!, in the "ar/ness -or his +re, to -a!! as!ee+ .e-ore he "escen"e" on them as a
scead#genga 0!it, a sha"o(5oer, a niht5(a!/er2) %!i"in si!ent!, a!on the fenhlith 0the (aste an"
"eso!ate tract o- the marshes2, he (ou!" emere -rom the "ense .!ac/ o- niht as the deathsc#a
0"eath8s sha"o(2) &he Fanes em+!o,e" an eotanweard 0!it) a iant5(ar", a (atcher -or monsters2,
to (arn o- %ren"e!8s a++roach, .ut o-ten in vain) 4or so si!ent (as %ren"e!8s a++roach (hen he (as
huntin in the "ar/ness o- the niht that sometimes an eotanweard himse!- (as sur+rise" an"
eaten) On one +articu!ar an" !on5remem.ere" niht, no !ess than thirt, Fanish (arriors (ere /i!!e"
., %ren"e!) Bitt!e (on"er then Beo(u!- (as re(ar"e" so rich!, an" (as so -ame" -or havin s!ain
him)
6n a!!, a com+rehensive an" some(hat horri-,in +icture o- %ren"e! emeres -rom the +aes o-
Beo(u!-, an" 6 "ou.t that the rea"er nee"s to .e ui"e" ., me as to (hich +articu!ar s+ecies o-
+re"ator, "inosaur the "etai!s o- his +h,sica! "escri+tion -it .est) 1o"ern commentators (ho have
.een .rouht u+ on evo!utionar, i"eas are com+e!!e" to suest that monsters !i/e %ren"e! are
+rimitive +ersoni-ications o- "eath or "isease, an" other such nonsense) 06t ha" even once .een
sueste" that he (as a +ersoni-ication o- the 9orth Sea>2 But rea!!,, the evi"ence (i!! not su++ort
such c!aims) One mo"ern an" re-reshin!, honest +u.!ication on the +oem ma/es a more te!!in
comment'
86n s+ite o- a!!usions to the "evi! an" a.stract conce+ts o- evi!, the monsters are ver, tani.!e
creatures in Beoul!. &he, have no su+ernatura! tric/s, other than exce+tiona! strenth, an" the, are
vu!nera.!e an" morta!) &he ear!, me"ieva! au"ience (ou!" have acce+te" these monsters as
monsters, not as s,m.o!s o- +!aue or (ar, -or such creatures (ere a "e-inite rea!it,)8 01D2
== *9E>
MAIN A!E """#creatio$is%#or&
#E?T @@


A-ter the 4!oo" 5 by Bill Cooper
CHAPTER
I
CHAPTER
II
CHAPTER
III
CHAPTER
IV
CHAPTER
V
CHAPTER
VI
CHAPTER
VII
CHAPTER
VIII
CHAPTER
IX
CHAPTER
X
CHAPTER
XI
CHAPTER
XII
CHAPTER
XIII
== *9E>
"The early post-flood history of
Europe traced back to Noah"
#E?T @@
C'ATER ()
Co$clusio$
6t is astonishin ho( much in-ormation comes to the sur-ace once a "ocument has .een re!ease"
-rom the vei! o- o.scurit, that mo"ernism has thro(n over it) Who (ou!" .e!ieve, (hen rea"in a
mo"ernist commentar, on the .oo/ o- %enesis, that so much evi"ence (as avai!a.!e to +rove, not
its -a!sit,, .ut its authenticit,A 9ot its m,thica! nature, .ut its truth an" astonishin historica!
accurac,A Who (ou!" .e!ieve, (hen rea"in a mo"ern evo!utionar, .oo/ on "inosaurs, that so
man, recor"s (ere avai!a.!e to "emonstrate that these creatures "i" not "ie out mi!!ions o- ,ears
.e-ore man came a!on, as the evo!utionar, scheme o- thins (ou!" have it, .ut have !ive"
a!onsi"e man (ho recor"e" their activities an" +h,sica! a++earance in recor"s .oth ancient an"
mo"ernA An" (ho (ou!" have .e!ieve", (hen rea"in a mo"ern histor, .oo/ on the ancient (or!",
that so man, +eo+!es -rom such "iverse cu!tures actua!!, recor"e" their o(n "escent -rom the
+atriarchs o- %enesis !on .e-ore the, cou!" have hear" o- the Bi.!e or have .een tauht an, o- its
contentsA An" (ho (ou!" have .e!ieve" that the creationRevo!ution controvers, (as such an ancient
"e.ateA 6t is a so.erin matter, an" one (hich +resents us (ith a +icture o- our +ast that is :uite
un!i/e that (hich (e are use" to seein)
6t must certain!, ive us +ause, an" in the !iht o- it a!!, (e shou!" sure!, no( consi"er a"o+tin a
more reasona.!e an" constructive a++roach to the stu", o- the ear!, histor, o- man/in", an" o- the
%enesis recor" in +articu!ar) Some, no "ou.t, (i!! .e :uic/ to "ecr, such an acce+tance o- the truth
o- the .i.!ica! recor" as an act o- .!in" -aith) But (here "oes .!in" -aith come into it (hen that
recor" is so -u!!, en"orse" ., the (ritins o- so man, "isintereste", not to sa, antaonistic,
(itnesses, man, o- (hose voices (e have !istene" to .oth in the +rece"in cha+ters an" the
a++en"ices (hich -o!!o(A When (e rea" a .oo/ a.out /in @enr, =666 o- En!an", (e are not
!earnin a.out him ., (a, o- .!in" -aith, -or (e /no( that there are man, in"e+en"ent sources to
(hich (e can o in or"er to veri-, (hat (e have rea") 3ather, (e .e!ieve the historica! accounts o-
@enr, =666 ., (a, o- in-orme" reason, not -aith) An" exact!, the same thin a++!ies (hen (e rea"
the histor, that is containe" in the .oo/ o- %enesis an" other +arts o- the Bi.!e) We acce+t that
histor, as (e!! .ecause, in the -ace o- so man, "isintereste" (itnesses an" corro.orative statements,
that is sim+!, the reasona.!e thin to "o) &o "iscar" such a vast (eiht o- in"e+en"ent testimon,
(ou!" .e most unreasona.!e, an" (ou!" itse!- .e a most irrationa! act o- -aith in the a++roach an"
hih!, :uestiona.!e tenets o- mo"ernistic +hi!oso+h,)
&hus it is ., our acce+tin the over(he!min testimon, o- so man, (itnesses that (e come to
acce+t the %enesis recor" as a tru!, -actua! an" historica! account, sure!, a most reasona.!e
a++roach) An" i- this !ea"s us on to a savin -aith in the %o" o- Whom %enesis so e!o:uent!,
testi-ies, then that -aith too is seen to .e a reasona.!e an" in-orme" -aith, (hatever our critics miht
thin/)
&he stu"ent (ho has rea" thus -ar an" (ou!" !i/e to +ursue some or a!! o- the matters raise" in this
.oo/, (i!! -in" in the -o!!o(in a++en"ices a reat "ea! o- in-ormation an" source5materia! that
shou!" +oint him or her in the riht "irection) &he casua! rea"er a!so (i!! -in" much o- interest there
(hich (i!! ex+an" his or her thouht (ith +ro-it) An" on that note, 6 no( !eave the rea"er to either
.ro(se or .urro(, ho+e-u! that this .oo/ has she" a !itt!e !iht at !east on a vast an" com+!ex
su.?ect, the ear!, histor, o- man/in") 1ost o- a!!, thouh, 6 ho+e that (hen the Christian rea"er
turns once more to the +aes o- %enesis, then he or she (i!! "o so (ith the a""e" con-i"ence that its
contents are -actua! an" accurate an" that the, have ever, soun" reason -or .e!ievin it, (hatever
mo"ern .i.!ica! commentators miht te!! them to the contrar,)
&hose (ho have .een stimu!ate" ., (hat the, have rea" in this .oo/, an" (ho (ou!" !i/e to ?oin
the Creation Science 1ovement in its (or/ o- restorin to .e!eauere" Christians the (or!" over a
con-i"ence in the Bi.!e8s historica! an" scienti-ic accurac,, ma, !i/e to rea" care-u!!, the -o!!o(in
cha+ter (hich (i!! te!! them a!! a.out our (or/ an" aims) We are the o!"est creationist oranisation
in the (or!" an" our (or/!oa" is increasin a!! the time) But (e cannot (or/ a!one)
The CSM needs yo#) www)creationsciencemovement)com
== *9E>
MAIN A!E """#creatio$is%#or&
#E?T @@


A-ter the 4!oo" 5 by Bill Cooper
CHAPTER
I
CHAPTER
II
CHAPTER
III
CHAPTER
IV
CHAPTER
V
CHAPTER
VI
CHAPTER
VII
CHAPTER
VIII
CHAPTER
IX
CHAPTER
X
CHAPTER
XI
CHAPTER
XII
CHAPTER
XIII
== *9E>
"The early post-flood history of
Europe traced back to Noah"
#E?T @@
C'ATER (,
*hat the C1M is all about
The Creation Science Movement starte" in 17D2 +rotestin a.out the in-!uence o- Far(in8s theor,
o- evo!utionC in -act it (as ca!!e" the Evo!ution Protest 1ovement in those "a,s)
&he +rime movers (ere 1r) Fou!as Fe(ar, .arrister an" Au"itor %enera! o- the 6n"ian Civi!
Service, an" Ca+tain Bernar" Ac(orth, FSO (ho "eve!o+e" the as"ic sonar "evice 0Who8s Who2)
&he, ca!!e" the -irst Creationist meetin 0EP12 at 21 Essex %ar"ens, &he Stran", Bon"on, in 17D2)
&he -irst +u.!ic meetin (as re+orte" in &he &imes on 4e.ruar, 12, 17D5) Sir Am.rose 4!emin
+resi"e" an" (hat he sai" then sti!! stan"s -or (hat the Creation Science 1ovement .e!ieves in
to"a,) @e "ec!are" that
8o- !ate ,ears the Far(inian anthro+o!o, ha" .een -orce" on +u.!ic attention ., numerous .oo/s in
such a -ashion as to create a .e!ie- that it (as a certain!, sett!e" scienti-ic truth) &he -act that man,
eminent natura!ists "i" not aree that Far(in8s theor, o- s+ecies +ro"uction ha" .een su--icient!,
esta.!ishe" as a truth (as enera!!, re+resse") 6- there ha" .een no creation, there (as no nee" to
assume an, CreatorC the chie- .asis -or a!! re!iion (as ta/en a(a, an" mora!it, re"uce" to mere
human ex+e"ienc,) 6t ha" seeme" to a !are num.er o- thouht-u! +ersons that it (as o- nationa!
im+ortance to counteract the e--ects o- rec/!ess an" in"iscriminate +o+u!arisation o- the theor, o-
the (ho!!, anima! oriin o- man/in", es+ecia!!, amon the ,oun, ., the "i--usion o- a tru!,
scienti-iccause -or a!! those a!truistic, aesthetic, inte!!ectua!, s+iritua! an" re!iious -acu!ties in man,
o- (hich not the ver, s!ihtest trace (as seen in the anima! s+ecies))) the, "esire" to o++ose a one5
si"e" materia!istic +resentation o- human oriin (hich re?ecte" a!toether an, suestion o-
creation) &he, sai" that the aruments o- the Far(inian anthro+o!oists (ere "e-ective in !oic an"
"i" not ive the +roo- the, assume")8
&his (as re+orte" over ha!- a centur, ao> &o"a, societ, (itnesses to the e--ect o- atheistic
humanism (hich .e!ie- in the theor, o- evo!ution has .rouht 5 -ramente" -ami!, units, a.ortion,
chi!" a.use etc) 6n -act in a!! these intervenin ,ears the evi"ence has mounte" u+ aruin that o-
course a Creator must have ma"e this +!anet Earth an" the heavens) &here is a (ea!th o- -urther
scienti-ic evi"ence su++ortin Creation (hich these eminent men in the ear!, 17D0s "i" not then
/no() A"vances in our /no(!e"e o- enetics, .iochemistr, an" in-ormation theor, are ?ust some
areas (here +roress in the !ast sixt, ,ears has ma"e .e!ie- in evo!ution even !ess !oica!)
&he sense o- hih +ur+ose ex+resse" in &he &imes account is sti!! (hat motivates CS1 to"a,) We
are concerne" that +eo+!e to"a, are rare!, con-ronte" (ith a straiht5-or(ar" rea"in o- the Bi.!e
startin at %enesis cha+ter one) 6n -act most +eo+!e have .een to!" that the, cannot trust the
.einnin o- %o"8s Wor") &he, rehearse Satan8s o(n (or"s, 8@ath %o" sai"A8) CS1 "ec!ares that
the "octrine o- oriina! sin is not .ase" on m,th or -a.!e .ut rather on the so!i" -oun"ation o- the
8!ive!, orac!es8 o- the Bor" %o") A .!urrin o- this truth a--ects the (on"er o- the Atonement ., the
+eer!ess Son o- %o" (hich in turn can !ea" to a sha!!o( commitment to @im) CS1 rinin!,
"ec!ares that the .einnin o- %o"8s Wor" ma, .e truste" as (e!! as a!! that -o!!o(s)
((()creationsciencemovement)com
What e!se "oes CS1 "oA A +am+h!et on "i--erent su.?ects ivin evi"ence o- Creation is +u.!ishe"
ever, other month toether (ith the Creation Kourna! (hich carries u+5to5the5minute ne(s an"
comment) &hese +am+h!ets -orm an in-ormation resource on the CreationRevo!ution issue) One o-
our +am+h!ets sho(s ho( Creation is the -oun"ation o- the %os+e! 02;72 (hi!e others trace
Creation in %enesis 02602 an" 6saiah 02;D2) Others are critica! o- as+ects o- evo!ution theor, such as
a!!ee" vestiia! orans 025E2 an" su++ose" interme"iate -orms such as Archaeo+ter,x 0762 an"
a+e5men 0151, 2D;2) 1an, +am+h!ets consi"er +articu!ar creatures an" sho( ho( the, cou!" not
+ossi.!, have evo!ve") &hese inc!u"e (ha!es 011;2 (here the "esin o- the mouth o- the ,oun
(ha!e -ittin into the mother ena.!es it to .e suc/!e" (hi!e at sea) &he Bom.ar"ier Beet!e 02DD2 ha"
to have a +er-ect!, -unctionin ex+!osive "e-ence or it (ou!" have .!o(n itse!- u+> &he Pa!isa"e
moth 02;E2, .ir"s8 -eathers 02552, .ats8 sonar s,stems 02;72, the .ee8s in-ormative "ance 026;2, an"
.utter-!ies8 metamor+hoses 02572 cou!" not have evo!ve") Other +am+h!ets consi"er the so5ca!!e"
chemica! evo!ution o- !i-e 02672) Evi"ence is cite" that the universe is on!, thousan"s o- ,ears o!"
02652) 1easurements o- sa!init, o- the oceans 02212 sho( the, are ,oun) &he eru+tion o- 1ount
St) @e!ens 02522 in 17E0 +ro"uce" se"iments (hich evo!utionar, eo!oists (ou!" norma!!,
inter+ret as ta/in ver, !on +erio"s o- time to -orm) &hree "istinct !ines o- ex+erimenta! evi"ence
-rom scientists o- re+ute in Austra!ia, America an" 3ussia stron!, suest that the s+ee" at (hich
!iht trave!s has "iminishe" (ith time 0262, 2562) &his a--ects the ra"iometric "atin o- roc/s 02072
an" the time ta/en -or !iht to reach us -rom "istant a!axies) 6t in"icates that the universe is !ess
than 10,000 ,ears o!") Scienti-ic o.servations su++ort the enea!oies 02172 in the Bi.!e, a .oo/ o-
amaJin!, accurate science 025;2, that !i-e (as create" an" "i" not evo!ve an" that A"am (as
create" in the .einnin)
CS1 +rovi"es a.!e s+ea/ers on Creation (ho ma?or on the scienti-ic evi"ence (hich is increasin!,
(eiht,) &o"a, man, eminent scientists (ho "o not even arue -rom the Christian stan"+oint, -in"
this evi"ence aainst the theor, o- evo!ution su--icient to convince them that there is no evo!ution at
a!!)
&his evi"ence is inore" in schoo! text.oo/s an" &= nature +rorammes) CS1 !ecturers reu!ar!,
a""ress universities, co!!ees, sixth -orms an" Church rou+s throuhout the #$) 6n the 1760s our
Creationist s+ea/ers toure" the 4ar East, Austra!ia, 9e( *ea!an" an" 9orth America, (hi!e in the
1770s (e are .einnin to meet the nee" in Eastern Euro+e)
CS1 has charita.!e status 0Charit, no' E017;52) We are mem.ers o- the Evane!ica! A!!iance) 1a,
(e a"mit that (e nee" ,ou as a mem.erA &he har"5nose" humanism o- evo!utionism has .ecome
entrenche" in the British e"ucationa! s,stem an" in societ, at !are) We nee" ,our "e"icate" su++ort
to to++!e it> Your su.scri+tion (i!! he!+C an" i- ,ou cou!" arrane a meetin as (e!!, even .etter>
At heart CS1 (ishes to ive !or, to the Bor" Kesus Christ (ho create" man in the imae o- the
&riune %o" an" then stoo+e" to re"eem us)

((()creationsciencemovement)com
&he a""ress o- the CS1 is'
Creation Science Movement
50 Brecon Avenue
Cosham, Portsmouth
P06 2AW
En!an"
== *9E>
MAIN A!E """#creatio$is%#or&
#E?T @@

A-ter the 4!oo" 5 by Bill Cooper
CHAPTER
I
CHAPTER
II
CHAPTER
III
CHAPTER
IV
CHAPTER
V
CHAPTER
VI
CHAPTER
VII
CHAPTER
VIII
CHAPTER
IX
CHAPTER
X
CHAPTER
XI
CHAPTER
XII
CHAPTER
XIII
== *9E>
"The early post-flood history of
Europe traced back to Noah"
#E?T @@
ENDNOTE1
CHAPTER I
1) Bao5tJu, 4ao-te-#hing* tr) Beon Wieer) En!ish version ., Fere/ Br,ce) 1771) B!anerch
Pu.!ishers, Bam+eter) +) 1D)
2) C!ar/e, Kohn) 177D) 3ature in @uestion* Earthscan, +) 2;)
D) 1, +ara+hrase o- Wa!!ace Bu"e8s !itera! trans!ation in 4he 2ods o! the Egyptians. =o!) 1) Fover)
9e( Yor/) 1767) ++) D0E5D1D)
;) &here is a su+er. account o- the A/hnaten heres, in' E!ia"e, 1ircea) 1777) A 0istory o! Religious
9deas: <ro% the 7tone Age to the Eleusinian Mysteries. Co--ins) Bon"on) =o!) 1) ++) 1065107)
5) Psa!m 1;'1)
6) 9ot that such a tas/ (ou!" .e eas,) One scho!ar, Favi" Berman 0author o- A 0istory o! Atheis%
in Britain. 3out!e"e) Bon"on) 17EE2, com+!ains that atheism is har" enouh to "etect even (hen
recor"s, as -or the !ast -our centuries, are to .e ha" in +!ent,) B, the ver, nature o- thins, the tas/
(ou!" .e nih ho+e!ess (hen it comes to the (oe-u!!, s+arse, an" "ou.t!ess sometimes heavi!,
censore", recor"s o- the ancient (or!")
7) @esio", 4heogony* 0tr) 9orman Bro(n, 175D2) Bo..s51erri!! Co) 9e( Yor/) +) 15)
E) Barnes, Konathan) 17E7) Early 2ree+ Philosophy. Penuin C!assics) @armon"s(orth) +) 75577)
7) P!ato) 4i%aeus and Criteas. 0tr) Fesmon" Bee, 17652) Penuin C!assics, @armon"s(orth) +) ;2)
10) Barnes, +) 61)
11) ibid.* +) 6E)
12) ibid.* +) 7D)
1D) P!ato) 4he -as* 0tr) &revor Saun"ers, 17702) Penuin C!assics) @armon"s(orth) ++) ;0E5;;7)
1;) ibid.* +) ;16)
15) ibid.* +) ;17)
16) Bun", Eri/) A 0istory o! European 9deas C) @urst S Co) 1776A) ++) 61562)
17) Cicero, (n the 3ature o! the 2ods* 0tr) @orace 1c%reor, 17EE2) Penuin C!assics)
@armon"s(orth)
1E) ibid.* +) 1D0)
17) An exce!!ent "iscussion o- the "eve!o+ment o- 0+aan2 %ree/ theo!o, is iven in' 1urra,,
%i!.ert) 1725) <ive 7tages in 2ree+ Religion. Ox-or")551urra, traces the "eve!o+ment o- the
+rimitive, anthro+omor+hic o"s o- %reece u+ to the conce+t o- the 4irst Cause, or Creator o- the
Stoics) &he !ast cha+ter o- the .oo/, ++) 2;15267, contains a +articu!ar!, i!!uminatin trans!ation o-
Sa!!ustius8s (n the 2ods and the :orld.
20) &his is ver, (e!! "ocumente" in the a+ocr,+ha! .oo/s o- the 1acca.ees, an" es+ecia!!, in'
6osephus. 0tr) Whiston2) Pic/erin S 6n!is) Bon"on) 1760) ++) 25052E7 an" 60756D6 &Against
Apion,.
21) Cicero, +) 157)
22) Bucretius, (n the 3ature o! the Aniverse. 0tr) 3ona!" Batham) 17512) Penuin C!assics,
@armon"s(orth)
2D) ibid. +) 7)
2;) ibid.* +) 1;2)
25) ibid.* +) 1;6)
26) Cicero, ++) 1;;51;5)
27) Strou", Barr,) 17E;, 4he 7igni!i#an#e o! Philosophi#al 7+epti#is%. Ox-or" #niversit, Press) +)
1;1)
2E) Cicero) +) 161)
27) Bucretius) +) 56)
D0) ibid.* +) 5E)
D1) Cicero, +) 12;)

CHAPTER II
1) 4!avius Kose+hus, Against Apion* 04rom 6osephus1s Co%plete:or+s. tr) Wi!!iam Whiston,
Pic/erin S 6n!is) 17E1) ++) 6075 6D62)
2) See -or ?ust one exam+!e amonst count!ess others, 1arsh, @) 17E7) $ar+ Age Britain* 7o%e
7our#es o! 0istory. Forset Press, 9e( Yor/) ++) 1755170) An" 1arsh is amonst the ent!est o-
%eo--re,8s critics>
D) M)))) no We!sh com+osition exists (hich can .e reasona.!, !oo/e" u+on as the oriina!, or even
the roun"(or/, o- the @istor, o- the $ins o- Britain,M 0B!o,", K)E) 17D72) A 0istory o! :ales !ro%
the earliest ti%es to the Edardian ConBuest* Bon"on) 2n" e") +) 526) 0cit) a!so in &hor+e) +) 15)
See .i.!iora+h,2)

CHAPTER III
1) E!vo"u, arch.isho+ o- %(,nne"", 0other(ise E!.o", E!.o"ous, E!vo"ous or E!-o""(2, is
/no(n to us -rom the Annales Cambriae. @e (as +resent, in AF 76E, (hen the Britons chane"
their rec/onin o- Easter) 6n"ee", it (as he (ho initia!!, intro"uce" the chane) &CDE an. Pas#a
#o%%utatur apud Brittones super do%ini#a% die% e%endante Elbodugo ho%ine $ei. 1orris) +)
EE2) &he secon" an" !ast time he is mentione" is the entr, -or the ,ear AF E07, (hich recor"s his
"eath &EF9 an. Elbodug ar#hiepis#opus 2uenedotae regione %igravit ad $o%inu%. 1orris +) EE2)
2) See 1orris, +) 7)
D) 9s a%laid sin tugasdair ar senoirne uasal* i. 2uana#h* geinila#h Breatan a #roni#ib na
Ro%ana#h. 8&his is ho( our no.!e e!"er Cuanu athere" the enea!o, o- the British -rom the
chronic!es o- the 3omans)8 01orris) ++) 17 S 612)
G. 7et hae# genealogia non s#ripta in aliBuo volu%ine Britanniae* set in s#riptione %entis s#riptoris
!uit. 8But this enea!o, is not (ritten in an, .oo/ o- Britain, .ut (as in the (ritin o- the (riter8s
min")8 01orris) ++) 17 S 612)
5) Whiston, +) D1) See Bi.!iora+h,)
6) 6n case some shou!" thin/ that the British an" 6rish in-!uence" each other on a cu!tura! !eve! to the
extent that the, (ere (i!!in to tam+er (ith an" -a!si-, their o(n ro,a! enea!oies 0an" (e sha!!
inore the inevita.!e "eath +ena!t, that this (ou!" have incurre"2, the, nee" on!, as/ themse!ves
(h, that in-!uence shou!" have .een con-ine" on!, to the -our enerations name", an" (h, there
shou!" exist such "iscre+ancies .et(een them .oth in source 01ao an" Kavan2 an" in succession
o- names 0see cha+ter 72) 1oreover, none o- these names are those o- -amous -iures o- the +ast,
nor ,et those o- m,thica! o"s) So (h, shou!" the, have .othere"A

CHAPTER IV
1) Pu.!ishe" ., @um+hre, 1i!-or" at the Ox-or" #niversit, Press as +art o- the Pro#eedings o! the
British A#ade%y* =o!) viii) ++) 15 2E)
2) 86, Wa!ter o- Ox-or", trans!ate" this .oo/ -rom We!sh 0$,mraec2 into Batin, an" in m, o!" ae
have trans!ate" it a secon" time -rom Batin into We!sh)8
D) @a++i!,, t(o En!ish trans!ations o- this +articu!ar We!sh chronic!e a!rea", exist' 3o.erts, Peter)
Chroni#le o! the /ings. 1E11) &he so!e survivin co+, is at the Bo"!eian !i.rar,, she!-mar/ Fouce
&), D01) 0A +oor!, e"ite" 2n" e"ition o- this (as .rouht out ., 1an!e, Po+e un"er the tit!e, A
0istory o! the /ings o! An#ient Britain. Sim+/in, 1arsha!! S Co) Bon"on) 1E62) As +oor as his
e"ition is, ho(ever, H1an!e, Po+e inter+o!ate" comments o- his o(n (ithout mar/in them as such
in the text, an" he ma/es no ac/no(!e"ement (hatever to Peter 3o.erts, (hose trans!ation he has
c!ear!, -i!che"I, 1an!e, Po+e "oes +rovi"e some ver, in-ormative notes -rom ++) 15552162) &he
secon" trans!ation is ., Canon 3o.ert E!!is Kones o- 9e( Yor/) @is untit!e" trans!ation is a !itera!
ren"erin into En!ish o- the We!sh text, an" -orms +art o- %riscom8s .oo/ 0see .i.!iora+h,2)
Canon Kones "ie" in 1727, the ,ear o- his trans!ation8s +u.!ication)
;) Caesar, ++) 775100) See .i.!iora+h,)
5) %eo--re, o- 1onmouth, +) 10E, an" 1an!e, Po+e, +) 60) See .i.!iora+h,)
6) 9ennius, +) 2D) See .i.!iora+h,)
7) Caesar, ++) 1025D)
E) Caesar,) ++) 11152)
7) %eo--re,, +) 110 an" 1an!e, Po+e, +) 60) As 4!in"ers Petrie +oints out, (hi!e the shi-t in "ate
ma, .e "ue to tra"ition, it cannot aree (ith co+,in)
10) %eo--re,, 0++) 1125D2 has (dnea. See 1an!e, Po+e, ++) 61 S 1E051)
11) Caesar, +) E7)
12) Caesar, +) 110 an" 1an!e, Po+e, +) 61, 1Caesar as #o%pelled to !ly.1
1D) %eo--re,, ++) 2D6 S 2;556) See a!so 1an!e, Po+e, +) 122)
1;) Cottre!!, 0++) 6D5;) See .i.!iora+h,2 !ists S+aniar"s, @unarians, %ermans, S,rians, %ree/s,
A-ricans, %au!s, an" so on as some o- the nationa!ities that ma"e u+ the 3oman !eions in Britain)
@a"rian8s Wa!! a!one (as manne" ., S+aniar"s, %ermans, A-ricans an" S,rians)
15) %eo--re,, ++) 705100 an" 1an!e, Po+e, ++) DE5;6)
16) Biv,, ++) D7E5D75) See .i.!iora+h,)
17) Biv,, +) D77) Com+are %eo--re,, ++) 7757 an" 1an!e, Po+e, ++) ;;55)
1E) Biv,, ++) DED S D75)
17) %eo--re,, +) E7)
20) See Pro.ert, Wi!!iam, An#ient -as o! Ca%bria. 1E2D)
21) 4!in"ers Petrie, ++) E57)
22) %eo--re,,) +) 6;) &hor+e, 0+) D;1) See .i.!iora+h,) A!e"es that the name is an invention o-
%eo--re,8s)
2D) Bra"-or", 2uide to the 2ree+ 9slands* Co!!ins) Bon"on) +) ;E)
2;) cit) @a(/ins, Pro-) %) 7tonehenge $e#oded* 4ontana) +) D;) @a(/ins +oints out that as the
%ree/ (or" -or oa/ (as 8"rus8, then P!in,8s et,mo!o, -or the name (ou!" a++ear to have .een
correct)
25) Bra"-or", +) 50)
26) %eo--re,, +) E1 an" 1an!e, Po+e, ++) 2E S 1675E)
27) %eo--re,, +) 5E an" 1an!e, Po+e, +) 10)
2E) :ebster1s 3e 2eographi#al $i#tionary* % S C 1erriam, 1assachusetts) 1777) +) 120D)
27) %eo--re,, ++) 5556;)
D0) We.ster8s, +) D;0)
D1) 4or a technica! a++raisa! o- the chrono!o,, see m, artic!e 4he Early 0istory o! Man 5 Pt. =. 4he
/ings o! the An#ient Britons: A Chronology* CE9 &ech) K), =o!) 52 1771) ++) 1D751;2)

CHAPTER V
&none,
CHAPTER VI
1) %roos, &)W), 4he $iary o! Baron :aldstein* &hames S @u"son) Bon"on) +) 61)
2) %roos, +) 167)
D) 4or an inva!ua.!e intro"uction to this su.?ect, see Bo("en8s Rise o! the Evolution <raud* ++) 75
17) 0See Bi.!iora+h,2)
;) Be"e,) +) 1D0) See Bi.!iora+h,)
5) ))) !lu 2eta* Bui6itit* ut aiunt* !ihius $ei: non ipse est $eus deoru%...sed unus est ab idolis eoru%*
Buod ipsi #olebant. 09ennius TD12C 0i)e) 8)))the son o- %eat2, (ho (as, the, sa,, the son o- %o") But
he (as not the %o" o- o"s))).ut one o- their i"o!s (hom the, (orshi++e")8 5 1, trans!ation2)
1orris8s trans!ation o- this sentence rea"s a !itt!e o""!,58)))son o- %eta, (ho sai" the, (ere son o-
%o")))0sic>28 01orris, +) 26) See Bi.!iora+h,2)
6) 1aoun, 0++) 2;7550) See Bi.!iora+h,2)
7) $e,nes an" Ba+i"e, 0+) 227) See Bi.!iora+h,2)
E) ibid.* +) D16) See Bi.!iora+h,)
7) Cor+us Christi Co!!ee Cam.ri"e, 1S GC66 0Par/er Bi.rar,2)
10) Sisam, +) D17) 0See Bi.!iora+h,2)
11) ibid.* +) D20)
12) ibid.* +) D22)
1D) ReliB. AntiB.* +) 17D) See Bi.!iora+h,)
1;) 6t (as, -or exam+!e, the so!e su.?ect o- the i!!iterate Cae"mon8s sons an" +oetr,) See Be"e +)
252)
15) 1S) Cotton, Otho) B) G6), cit) 1aoun +) 2;7)

CHAPTER VII
1) &he ear!iest instance in the An!o5Saxon Chronic!e o- Wo"en8s !ineae 0.ac/ to %eat2 a++ears
un"er the ,ear 5;7 0Par/er Chronic!e2) An o!"er instance ., a.out a centur, occurs in 9ennius) See
.e!o() &he Par/er !ist an" 9ennius !ist "i--er in severa! +oints o- "etai!, so it cannot .e +reten"e"
that the !ater Par/er !ist is mere!, a co+, o- 9ennius)
2) 1orris, +) ;)
D) &he !ist cou!" har"!, have .een the a" !i. invention o- @enist an" his men as the, !an"e") 6t (as
c!ear!, a !on5esta.!ishe" an" im+ortant +art o- their historica! tra"ition that the, .rouht (ith them
-rom the continent, ma/in it a!rea", ancient ., the mi"5-i-th centur,)
;) 1orris, +) 26)
5) @enr, o- @untin"on, +) D7) See Bi.!iora+h,) We see an interestin!, simi!ar corru+tion in
Wi!!iam o- 1a!mes.ur,, 0+) 77) See Bi.!iora+h,2, (here he ren"ers the name Scea- as Stre+hius)
6) Cam+.e!!, K), 4he Anglo-7a5ons* Penuin Boo/s, 17E2) +) 1;E)

CHAPTER VIII
1) Se!!ar an" Yeatman, 1FDD And All 4hat* Penuin, 1762) +) 1D)
2) Cusac/, 1)4), 4he 9llustrated 0istory o! 9reland* 1E6E) Pu.!ishe" in -acsimi!e ., Brac/en Boo/s,
Bon"on) 17E7)
D) Cusac/ te!!s us (hich 6rish 1SS (ere !ost ., her o(n "a,, an" those (hich ha" survive") &hose
!ost are' 4he Cuil%enn) the 7altair o! 4ara) 4he Boo+ o! the Aa#hongbhail) the Cin o! $ro%
7ne#hta) an" the 7altair o! Cashel. &hose survivin inc!u"e' 4he Annals o! 4igherna#h) 4he Annals
o! Alster) 4he Annals o! 9nis Ma# 3erinn) 4he Annals o! 9nnis!allen) 4he Annals o! Boyle) the
Chroni#u% 7#otoru%) the Annals o! the <our Masters) 4he Boo+ o! -as 0the Brehon !a(s2, an"
8man, .oo/s o- enea!oies an" +e"irees8 0++) D75;02)
;) $eatin, %), 016D;2) 4he 0istory o! 9reland* Fu.!in) 170251;) &he %ui!"ha!! Bi.rar, o- Bon"on
ho!"s a co+, o- this intriuin (or/)
5) cit) Cusac/, +) ;D)
6) Cusac/, +) ;Dn)
7) 4he Boo+ o! -einster is /e+t in the !i.rar, o- &rinit, Co!!ee, Fu.!in, she!-mar/ @)2)1E)
E) $eatin, +) 107 an" cit) Cusac/) +) ;D)
7) Bre(er E)C), en!) e"), 1E7;) $i#tionary o! Phrase and <able* +) 1112)
10) %enesis 11'6) ))))Behold the people is one* and they have all one language* and this they begin
to do: and no nothing ill be restrained !ro% the%* hi#h they have i%agined to do.1
11) 1 Samue! E'7' 1And the -ord said unto 7a%uel* 0ear+en unto the voi#e o! the people in all that
they say unto thee: !or they have reHe#ted Me* that 9 should not reign over the%.1
12) See, -or exam+!e, the artic!e 8$in, $inshi+,8 4he 3e Bible $i#tionary* 6nter=arsit, Press,
Bon"on, 1772) ++) 6725D)
1D) &his is accor"in to the Annals o! the <our Masters* See Cusac/) +) 5E)
1;) Cusac/, +) 57)
15) &hor+e, ++) 10051)
16) 9ennius T1D)
17) 1ac/ie, K)F), A 0istory o! 7#otland* Penuin Boo/s, +) 16)
1E) Cusac/, +) 71)
17) 06r) Cone!! 1ac%eohean2, cit) Cusac/, +) 20)
20) See %eo--re, o- 1onmouth, ++) 725D) %eo--re,8s 2og%agog a++ears to .e a corru+tion o- the
name %a(r 1a"oc, the iant or reat (arrior 1a"o) O- these 8iants8, (e rea", )))thouh their
stature is exaerate", ,et it (i!! .e remem.ere" that the stature o- the ancient Britons (as thouht
iantic ., 3omans)8 Po+e) +) 16;)
21) 1 Samue! 17';) See a!so 3e Bible $iet, ++) ;66 S ;E1)
22) %eo--re, o- 1onmouth, +) 12D)
2D) 4he Annals o! the <our Masters* cit) Cusac/, +) 75)
2;) Cusac/, +) 67)
25) Cusac/, +) E5)
26) Cusac/, +) E2)

CHAPTER IX
1) See Bo("en8s Rise o! the Evolution <raud.
2) Cor+us Christi Co!!ee Cam.ri"e 1S) 17D) 4or an En!ish trans!ation see %armons(a,) ++) 657)
D) Bo"!eian 1S) Bau" 6D6) See a!so %armons(a,) ++) 657)
;) 1S) Cotton) =es+asian) F) 6=) -o!) 67v)
5) A prin#ipio %undi usBue ad diluviu% anni 99 CC 8- 99.
A diluvio usBue ad Abraha% anni $ CCCC 8- 99.
Ab Abraha% usBue ad Moysen anni $ C 8-.
A Moyse usBue ad $avid anni $.
A $avid usBue 3abu#hodonosor anni sunt $ -8 >9999.
Ab Ada% usBue traus%igratione% Babyloniae anni sunt 9999 $CCC -88 >99999.
A trans%igratione Babyloniae usBue ad Christu% $ -8 >9.
Ab Ada% vero usBue ad passione% Christi anni sunt > CC 88 >999.
A passione aute% Christi pera#ti sunt anni $ CC -8888 >9.
Ab in#arnatione aute% eius anni sunt $ CCC 888 9.
09ennius 15;C see a!so 1orris) +) 572
6) Osoo", Kohn) 4he 4i%es o! Abraha%. CE9 &ech) K) =o!) 2) 17E6) +) 77)
7) En#y#lopaedia Britanni#a. 17E5 e") =o!) 15) +) ;6D)
E) &he 1a,ans ca!cu!ate" a 5E; "a, c,c!e, aainst the mo"ern va!ue o- 5ED)72 "a,s) See 3onan, C)
4he Ca%bridge 9llustrated 0istory o! the :orld1s 7#ien#e. 9e(nes) Cam.ri"e) 17ED) +) 55)
7) En#y#lopaedia Britanni#a. 17E5 e") =o!) 15) +) ;7;)

CHAPTER X
1) See e)) 8Behemoth,8 4he 3e Bible $i#tionary* 6nter=arsit, Press) Bon"on) 1772) +) 1DE)
2) ibid.* ++) 7275D0) See a!so P-ei--er, C)4) 8Botan an" Beviathan,8 Evangeli#al @uarterly* GGG66)
1760) ++) 20E i-)
D) &hor+e, Be(is tr) 4he 0istory o! the /ings o! Britain* 2eo!!rey o! Mon%outh. %ui!" Pu.!ishin,
Bon"on, 17E2) P+) 10152)
;) Kones, %) an" Kones, &) Htr)I) 4he Mabinogion. 3evis, e") Ever,man8s Bi.rar,) K)1)Fent S Sons
Bt") 177;) ++) 2075212 S 217)
5) See West(oo", K) Albion* %rana"a, Bon"on) 17E5) ++) 270, 275, 2E7)
6) &reve!,an, 1) 1707, <ol+--ore and <ol+ 7tories o! :ales* 0cit) Sim+son, K), British $ragons* B)&)
Bats-or" Bt"), Bon"on) 17E02)
7) Whit!oc/, 3), 17ED) 0ere Be $ragons* A!!en S #n(in, Boston) ++) 1DD5;)
E) &his chronic!e (as .eun ., Kohn "e &ro/e!o( an" -inishe" ., @enr, "e B!ane-or") 6t (as
trans!ate" an" re+ro"uce" in the 3o!!s Series) 1E66) 6=) e") @)%) 3i!e,) 0cit) Sim+son, K), British
$ragons.* B)&) Bats-or" Bt") 17E0) +) 602)
7) ibid.* +) 11E) See a!so 8&he 4ihtin Fraons o- Bitt!e Cornar",8 <ol+lore* Myths and -egends o!
Britain* 3ea"er8s Fiest) 177D) +) 2;1)
10) 4rue and :onder!ul: A $is#ourse Relating a 7trange and Monstrous 7erpent &or $ragon--lately
dis#overed* and yet living* to the great Annoyan#e and divers 7laughters o! both Men and Cattell*
by his strong and violent Poison: in 7usse5* to Miles !ro% 0orsha%* in a :oode #alled 7t
-eonard1s <orrest* and thirtie Miles !ro% -ondon* this present %onth o! August 1D1G. :ith the true
2eneration o! 7erpents. cite" in @ar!e?an 1isce!!an,) 17;5) 666) ++) 10657) 0a!so cit) Sim+son) +)
11E2)
11) ibid.* +) D5)
12) ibid.* +) 21)
1D) %reor,, Ba",, >isions and Belie!s in the :est o! 9reland* 1720) 0re+r) 17762) 0cit) Sim+son, ++)
;25D2)
1;) See Steier, B), :orlds Be!ore (ur (n* W) S K) 1ac/a, Bt") Chatham, 0En!an"2) 17E0) ++)
;1566) 0Steier is ., no means a creationist2)
15) Caxton, Win, 1;E;) Aesop. -o!io 1DE) &he on!, survivin co+, o- this .oo/ !ies in the 3o,a!
Bi.rar, at Win"sor Cast!e) &his extract a++ears here ., racious +ermission o- @er 1a?est, the
Lueen)
16) ibid. &his extract a++ears here ., racious +ermission o- @er 1a?est, the Lueen)
17) 4he 4i%es* 2!st Ku!, 1777)
1E) 84!,in Fraons at A.er"een,8 A 7tatisti#al A##ount o! 7#otland. 177D) =o!) =6) +) ;67)
17) See 1orris, W), >olsungassaga.
20) E!ton8s trans!ation cite" ., $!ae.er, +) 257)
21) &he An!o5Saxon text re!ie" on in this stu", is that o- $!ae.er)

CHAPTER XI
1) Brit) 1us) Cotton) =ite!!ius) A) G=)
2) !ines 1757561 0$!ae.er2)
D) A!exan"er, 1) Beoul!. Penuin C!assics) @armon"s(orth) ++)1125D)
;) Which inci"enta!!, veri-ies the +re5Christian oriins o- the 1ercian, an" there-ore other
+e"irees, +rovin that the ear!, Saxon enea!oies (ere in existence .e-ore the Saxons mirate" to
En!an")
5) 0istorae <ran#oni%. Boo/ 666) cha+) =. See &hor+e, Be(is tr) 2regory o! 4ours: 4he 0istory o!
the <ran+s. Penuin C!assics) @armon"s(orth) 177;) +) 16D)
6) cit) $!ae.er) +) x!i)
7) ibid.
E) &his is the one -!a( that mars 1ichae! A!exan"er8s other(ise exce!!ent trans!ation o- Beoul!.
Sur+risin!,, $!ae.er a!so ma/es the same error, havin actua!!, e"ite" the oriina! text o- the
+oem)
7) &thgewinnes) !it, a (ave5thrasher) 6ts sur-ace5s(immin nature (ou!" ex+!ain the ease (ith
(hich the creature (as har+oone" -rom the shore o- the mere) 6t is a!so +ro.a.!, the ythgewinnes
(hose !i/eness (as +ortra,e" so o-ten on the +ro( o- =i/in shi+s) 3ather than .ein mere!, a
su+erstitious em.!em, +erha+s that !i/eness ha" the ver, +ractica! +ur+ose o- "eterrin other (ave5
thrashers -rom attac/in the vesse!)
10) Cartulariu% 7a5oni#u%. 0W) "e %ra, Birch e")2) ii) D6D --) 0cit) a!so ., $!ae.er) +) xxiv2)
11) Beoul! !ines 1D;551D55 0$!ae.er2)
12) A!exan"er) +) 7D)
1D) Bonman Biterature %ui"es) 0Yor/ 9otes Series2) Beoul!. +) 65)

CHAPTER XII
&none,

CHAPTER XIII
&none,


For more Creation cience publications, please visit!
htt!""www#$%e&t'o(')*#o%+",oo-)"

IA!ter the <loodI - is J1995 by Bill Cooper.
.. PREV MAIN PAGE www#$%e&t'o(')*#o%+ NEXT //

A-ter the 4!oo" 5 by Bill Cooper
CHAPTER
I
CHAPTER
II
CHAPTER
III
CHAPTER
IV
CHAPTER
V
CHAPTER
VI
CHAPTER
VII
CHAPTER
VIII
CHAPTER
IX
CHAPTER
X
CHAPTER
XI
CHAPTER
XII
CHAPTER
XIII
== *9E>
"The early post-flood history of
Europe traced back to Noah"
#E?T @@
NOTE1 ON AENDICE1
Note on !ppendices 8$ 9 and :
6t (ou!" .e +oint!ess ivin re-erences to the -o!!o(in historica! notices that are either o.scure or
"i--icu!t to et ho!" o- 0an" there are +!ent, o- them)2 &here-ore 6 have iven sources that are (ithin
the eas, reach o- an,one (hose interest in the su.?ect (i!! +rom+t them to investiate -urther an, or
a!! o- the names iven here) 4our main sources are iven, name!,'
1) &he 6nter+reter8s Fictionar, o- the Bi.!e,) 4our vo!umes (ith Su++!ementar,) A.in"on Press)
9e( Yor/) 1762)
2) &he 9e( Bi.!e Fictionar,, 6ntervarsit, Press, Bon"on) 1772)
D) Kose+hus, 4he AntiBuities o! the 6es* &rans!ate" ., Wi!!iam Whiston)
;) Poo!e, 1atthe(,) Co%%entary on the 0oly Bible* &hree vo!s) 016E52) 4acsimi!e +u.!ishe" .,
Banner o- &ruth &rust) Bon"on) 1762)
3e-erence 1 is a..reviate" an" -o!!o(e" ., vo!ume num.er an" +ae thus' 1FB D'2;7)
3e-erence 2 is sim+!, a..reviate" 9BF -o!!o(e" ., +ae num.er)
3e-erence D, "ue to the man, varie" e"itions o- Kose+hus8 Anti:uities, is a..reviate" -o!!o(e" .,
.oo/ num.er, cha+ter num.er an" +arara+h num.er thus' KA !)vi)2)
3e-erence ; is a..reviate" an" -o!!o(e" ., vo!ume an" +ae num.er thus' P 1'26)
A!!, (ith the exce+tion o- Kose+hus, +rovi"e va!ua.!e re-erence materia! o- their o(n -or their
sources) Kose+hus is va!ua.!e .ecause he has +reserve" man, o- the names an" s+e!!ins ., (hich
the names containe" in the &a.!e o- 9ations (ere /no(n to the c!assica! (or!")

== *9E>
MAIN A!E """#creatio$is%#or&
#E?T @@


A-ter the 4!oo" 5 by Bill Cooper
CHAPTER
I
CHAPTER
II
CHAPTER
III
CHAPTER
IV
CHAPTER
V
CHAPTER
VI
CHAPTER
VII
CHAPTER
VIII
CHAPTER
IX
CHAPTER
X
CHAPTER
XI
CHAPTER
XII
CHAPTER
XIII
== *9E>
"The early post-flood history of
Europe traced back to Noah"
#E?T @@
AENDI7 (
The Natio$s of 1he%

1) Shem' &he -ather o- a!! the Semitic
nations) 03e-s' 1FB ;'D21) 9BF
1175) KA !)vi);) P 1'2E2
2) 1lam' &he -oun"er o- the E!amites,
(ho (ere /no(n to the Ba.,!onians
as the 1lamt#$ to the %ree/s as
1lymais$ an" (hom the 3omans
/ne( as the 1lymaci) &he E!amites
recor"e" their o(n name as the
/altamti) Su.se:uent!,, in the O!"
Persian inscri+tions their name is
ren"ere" 6h*#7#, an" h#2 in the
1i""!e Persian, (hich is the archaic
-orm o- the mo"ern Persian name o-
Kh#2istan, (hich no( covers (hat
use" to .e the !an" o- E!am 0see 1a+
2)2 03e-s' 1FB 2'70) 9BF D5556) KA
1)vi)D) P 1'2E2
D) !ssh#r' &he -oun"er o- the nation
to (hom he ave his name, Ass,ria) 6t
ma, .e +ossi.!e to i"enti-, Asshur in
the ear!, /in5!ists o- Ass,ria as
PuJur Asshur 6) Accor"in to these
!ists, PuJur Asshur 6 (ou!" have !ive"
an" reine" ca 1760 BC, (hich
accor"s rather (e!! (ith the .i.!ica!
chrono!o,) Asshur (as one o- the
ear!iest men to .e "ei-ie" an"
(orshi++e" ., his "escen"ants)
6n"ee", as !on as Ass,ria !aste", that
is unti! 612 BC, accounts o- .att!es,
"i+!omatic a--airs an" -orein
.u!!etins (ere "ai!, rea" out to his
imaeC an" ever, Ass,rian /in he!"
that he (ore the cro(n on!, (ith the
ex+ress +ermission o- Asshur8s "ei-ie"
host 0see 1a+ 22 03e-s' 1FB 1'261)
9BF 8Ass,ria8 10057) KA !)vi)D) P 1'2
3ote: Maps are in Appendi5 =.

;) !rpha,ad' @e (as the +roenitor o- the Cha!"eans, his name, a++arent!,, corres+on"in to that
o- arp-"eshed, the .or"er marches o- Cha!"ea) &hat he (as in"ee" the -ore.ear o- the Cha!"eans is
con-irme" ., the @urrian 09uJi2 ta.!ets, (hich ren"er the name as !rip-h#rra55the -oun"er o-
Cha!"ea) &he name (as a!so /no(n to the A//a"ians as !rraph#) Some scho!ars have
en"eavoure" to treat his name as a "erivative o- the Ass,rian +hrase ara-"ishshat#, meanin the
-our corners o- the (or!") &he Ass,rians /ne( his "escen"ants as the Kald#, (ho (ere a"e+t
astro!oers, maicians an" mathematicians) Pto!em, recor"e" the name o- their !an" as
!rrapichitis$ (hi!st it (as /no(n to others as !rpha,itis) &heir ver, ear!iest sett!ement, ho(ever,
(ou!" a++ear to .e (hat is to"a, a 2)5 acre ruin that sti!! .ears the name !rpachiya) 6t !ies some
-our mi!es to the east o- ancient 9ineveh, an" is the remains o- a ver, ear!, -armin communit, 0see
1a+ 2)2 03e-s' 1FB 1'2D 1) 9BF E6) KA 1)vi)D) P1'2E2
5) 0#d' &he ear!, "escen"ants o- Bu", the 0#dim, (ere /no(n to .oth the Ass,rians an"
Ba.,!onians as the 0#d#) Kose+hus te!!s us that their !an" (as !ater /no(n as B,"ia 0a "irect %ree/
"erivation o- the name Bu"2 (hich !a, in (estern Asia 1inor) 0Kose+hus ren"ere" the name 0a#d)2
&he B,"ians (ere -ame" in the o!" (or!" -or the s/i!! o- their archers) &he, s+o/e an 6n"o5
Euro+ean 0Ka+hetic2 !anuae, exam+!es o- (hich are to .e -oun" on certain E,+tian monuments)
&he !an" o- B,"ia (as -ina!!, con:uere" ., C,rus, /in o- Persia, in the ,ear 5;6 BC 0see 1a+ ;)2
03e-s' 1FB D'17E57) 9BF 755)KA !)vi)D) P1'2E2
6) !ram' @e (as the -oun"er o- the Aramaeans, /no(n to the A//a"ians as the !ram#$ .ut (ho
(ere !ater /no(n to the %ree/s as the S,rians 0-rom SeruA see 27)2 6n an Ass,rian inscri+tion o-
&i!ath5+i!eser 6, -rom ca 1100 BC, the Aramaeans are "e+icte" as !ivin to the east o- the river
&iris) B, the time o- &i!ath5+i!eser 666, ho(ever, some ;00? ,ears !ater, the, (ere !ivin a!! over
1eso+otamia) A-ter the, sett!e" to the (est, occu+,in rouh!, the same area ma/es u+ mo"ern
S,ria) A c!a, ta.!et -rom #r .ears the o- Aramu, an" it is o- interest to note that Aramaic is sti!!
s+o/en to"a, 0see 1a+ 2)2 03e-s' 1FB 1'1E5) 9BF 5557)KA !)vi)D) P 1'2E2
7) ;2< &here is sti!! consi"era.!e "isareement as to the +recise area in (hich the "escen"ants o- #J
sett!e", an" iven the some(hat noma"ic nature o- the Aramaeans 0Aram (as the -ather o- #J2, this
is har"!, sur+risin) 9orthern Ara.ia, .et(een Ba.,!on an" E"om, seems the most !i/e!, area o-
sett!ement 0see 1a+ 2)2 0Kose+hus, +ro.a.!, correct!,, i"enti-ies it as the c!assica! Trachonitis)2
03e-s' 1FB ;'7;1) 9BF 1D0657)KA !)vi);) P1'2E2
E) /#l' @is "escen"ants sett!e" to the north o- the sea o- %a!i!ee, (here the, ave their name to the
!a/e an" va!e o- /#leh 0the .i.!ica! Waters o- 1erom, (hich (ere /no(n to Kose+hus as #!)2 &he
+!ace (as notorious amonst =ictorian ex+!orers o- Pa!estine -or its tri.es o- Be"houin ro..ers, an"
its -ar -rom hea!th, marshes an" s(am+s (hich to"a, have .een "raine", the rec!aime" !an" .ein
-arme" an" sett!e") &he mo"ern 6srae!is have a!so set u+ a nature reserve there, an" /no( the +!ace
un"er its ancient name o- the va!e o- @u!a) &he !a/e o- @u!a is -orme" ., the accumu!ation o- (ater
-rom the t(o sources o- the Kor"an .e-ore .einnin their "escent to %a!i!ee 0see 1a+ ;)2 03e-s'
1FB 2'65E) KA 1)vi)D) P 1'2E2
7) Gether< @is "escen"ants 0/no(n to Kose+hus as Gather2 sett!e" to the south o- Famascus)
Kose+hus i"enti-ies them as the !atter5"a, Bactrians, -amous amonst other thins -or a .ree" o-
came!) Whether this i"enti-ication is correct or not cannot no( .e "etermine") 6t shou!", ho(ever,
.e note" that Bactria (as +o+u!ate" ., Ar,an, or Ka+hetic, tri.es in !ate Ass,rian times, (hereas the
chi!"ren o- %ether (ere, o- course, Semites 0see 1a+ ;)2 03e-s' 1FB 2'DE7)KA 1)vi)D) P 1'2E2
10) Mash' &he A//a"ians ren"ere" the name Mash#, (hich in turn (as /no(n to the E,+tians as
Msh%r) 6t (as a!so ren"ere" Mishal, a!! o- (hich names re-erre" to a +eo+!e that "(e!t in Be.anon
0see 1a+ ;)2 @o(ever, in 1 Chronic!es 1'17, the name is ren"ere" Meshech, an" this shou!" not .e
con-use" (ith the Ka+hetic 1eshech) Such con-usion arises in Kose+hus an" !ater in the 7th centur,
historian 9ennius 0see cha+ter ;)2 03e-s' 1FB D'27;) P 1'2E2
11) Shelah' 6 have not ,et .een a.!e to -in" his name in secu!ar sources, a!thouh Kose+hus ren"ers
the name Sala) 03e-s' 1FB ;'D17) 9BF 1175) KA 1)vi);2
12) 1er< $no(n to Kose+hus as /eer, he ave his name to the @e.re( race) Some have trie" to
i"enti-, him (ith 1r#, erst(hi!e /in o- E.!a, .ut this is un!i/e!, on .oth chrono!oica! an" ethnic
roun"s) &he attem+t to i"enti-, the chi!"ren o- E.er (ith the /air# o- the E,+tian chronic!es
ma, a!so .e some(hat -orce", a!thouh it is -air to a"" that, a!thouh (e ten" to"a, to thin/ on!, o-
the Ke(ish nation as @e.re(s, in -act a!! o- E.er8s "escen"ants, technica!!, s+ea/in, (ou!" have
.een @e.re( a!so, the 3o"tanite Ara.s inc!u"e") 03e-s' 1FB 2'5) 9BF DD1)KA 1)vi)D an" 5) P 1'2E2
1D) 3o"tan< &he +roenitor o- no !ess than thirteen southern Ara.ian tri.es, he is remem.ere"
amonst mo"ern Ara.s as &a'tan) On!, the +urest Ara.s, it is sti!! maintaine", are those Semitic
Ara.s "escen"e" -rom Ko/tanC (hi!st @amitic Ara.s are re-erre" to some(hat "is"ain-u!!, as 1usta
8ra.s, +reten"e" Ara.s) Ko/tan8s name is +reserve" in that o- the ancient to(n o- 3ectan near
+resent5"a, 1ecca 0see 1a+ 2)2 Kose+hus /ne( him as 3octan) 03e-s' 1FB 2'76D5;) 9BF 652) KA
1)vi)D) P 1'2E2
1;) !lmodad< Youn ives A!mo"a"8s name as meanin 8&he Aitator8, (hich, i- correct, hi"es
(hat is no "ou.t a most interestin .ac/roun") &he name is certain!, Ara.ic, his "escen"ants
.ein /no(n to ear!, Ara. historians as the al-Morad tri.e, (ho are seemin!, to .e i"enti-ie" (ith
the %e.onites 0the name is ren"ere" 1lmodad in Kose+hus)2 &heir +recise area o- sett!ement cannot
no( .e "etermine") 0see 1a+ 2)2 03e-s' 1FB 1'E6) KA 1)vi)D) P 1'2E2
15) SheIeph< 3en"ere" Saleph in Kose+hus, the name is o- a southern Ara.ian tri.e (ho (ere
/no(n to the +re56s!amic Ara.s as the Salif) &he, (ere a Yemeni tri.e (hose ca+ita!$ S#laf, !a,
some sixt, mi!es "ue north o- +resent5"a, San8a 0see 17 an" 1a+ 2)2 03e-s' 1FB ;'D20) KA 1)vi);) P
1'2E2
16) /a2armaveth< $no(n as Asermoth in Kose+hus, his "escen"ants +o+u!ate" the 200 mi!e !on
va!!e, that runs +ara!!e! to the southern coast o- Ara.ia) 6t is /no(n to this "a, as the @a"ramaut, a
"irect trans+osition into Ara.ic o- the name @aJarmaveth) 6n +re56s!amic inscri+tions, the name is
various!, ren"ere" hdrmt an" hdrmwt) Stra.o te!!s us that the tri.e o- @aJarmaveth (as one o- the
-our main tri.es o- Ara.s in his "a,) &he name seems to mean 8to(n o- "eath855@a"ramaut means
the same in Ara.ic55a!thouh (e can no( on!, +on"er the +ossi.!e trae", that !ies .ehin" it 0see
1a+ 2)2 03e-s' 1FB 2'5D7) 9BF 507) KA 1)vi)D) P 1'2E2
17) 3erah< &here !ies, on the shores o- %a!i!ee, a ruine" moun" that is name" Beth-&erah, the
house o- Kerah, a!thouh this ma, not re-er to the su.?ect here) 6t is more !i/e!, that his "escen"ants
mirate" into the southern reions o- Ara.ia) 6n"ee", the Ara. cit, that .ore Kerah8s name, an"
(hich (as ren"ere" ., Pto!em, as 3era"on Kome, !a, on the 1ara coast c!ose to the @a"ramaut
0see 16 an" 1a+ 2)2 &he name a++ears as 3era in Kose+hus an" as &ar"i in the inscri+tions o-
Ashur.ani+a!) 03e-s' 1FB 2'E2152) 9BF 60556)KA 1)vi)D) P 1'2E2
1E) /adoram' 3en"ere" !doram in Kose+hus, it is that o- a southern Ara.ian tri.e, the name o-
(hose to(n a++ears as /#rarina 0/aroram2 in the inscri+tions o- Ashur.ani+a!) 6t !a, c!ose to
Yar/i 0see 17)2 03e-s' 1FB 2'50E) 9BF 500) KA !)vi)D) P 1'272
17) ;2al' Ara. historians ren"er the name o- #Ja! as !2al 0Kose+hus ives AiJe!2, an" it is the
ancient, +re56s!amic name -or the cit, o- San8a, the mo"ern ca+ita! o- Yemen 0see 15)2 #Ja!8s
"escen"ants are sti!! "ou.t!ess thrivin in the area) &he, /ne( the tri.e o- #Ja! as the !2alla 0see
1a+ 2)2 03e-s' 1FB ;'7;1) 9BF 1D07) KA 1)vi);) P 1'2E2
20) +i"lah' &he name Fi/!ah a++ears in A//a"ian recor"s as +i"lat, the Aramaeans /ne( it as
+i"lath, an" the Ass,rians ave it as Idi"lat, a!! o- (hich trans+ose into %ree/ as &iris, the name
o- the va!!e, an" river that cuts throuh 1eso+otamia) 0Kose+hus ren"ers it +ecla)2 &his (ou!" ive
a c!ear in"ication as their +!ace o- sett!ement55either north o- the Persian %u!- or in the north5east
extremit, o- the Ara.ian +eninsu!a 0see 1a+ 2)2 Proco+ius ives it as Phoini"on, (hich !a, at the
southern en" o- the Wa"i Sirhan) 03e-s' 1FB 1'E;D) KA !)vi);) P 1'272
21) (al< A southern Ara.ian tri.e (hose name (as ren"ere" ., Ara. historians as 1al) 0Kose+hus
has the same ren"erin)2 Ancient inscri+tions -rom Yemen ive it as !il, (hich e!se(here a++ears
as ;al) Accor"in to these sources the !ocation o- this tri.e8s +!ace o- sett!ement !ies .et(een the
ancient Yemeni cities o- @a"ei"a an" San8a 0see 17 an" 1a+ 2)2 03e-s' 1FB D'577) 9BF 8E.a!8 DD0)
KA !)vi);) P 1'272
22) !imael' @is "escen"ants sett!e" in southern Ara.ia, (here their existence is /no(n -rom
ancient Sa.ean inscri+tions 0see 1a+ 2)2 03e-s' 1FB 1'7) KA 1)vi);) P 1'272
2D) Shea' &here are no !ess than three She.as in the &a.!e o- 9ations 0see ;E an" @am 72> Fue to
the +resence in Ara.ia o- .oth the Cushite an" Ko/shanite tri.es o- She.a, it is im+ossi.!e to
"etermine (here this +articu!ar +atriarch8s "escen"ants sett!e") Kose+hus ma, ive a c!ue in
ren"erin the name as Sae#s) 03e-s' 1FB ;'D1152) 9BF 1171)KA 1)vi);) P 1'272
2;) (phir< 6ts existence .ein "u!, note" in the +re 6s!amic Ara.ian inscri+tions, this tri.e8s area o-
sett!ement is iven ., them as !,in .et(een Sa.a in Yemen an" @a(!an 0or @avi!ah, see 25)2 &he
name has .een +reserve" in that o- the coasta! to(n o- Ma%afir in south5(est Ara.ia 0see 1a+ 22
03e-s' 1FB D'60556) 9BF 711)KA 1)vi);) P 1272 U
25) /avilah< &here (ere t(o Ara.ian tri.es /no(n un"er the name o- @avi!ah) &he -irst (as o-
@amitic "escent 0see @am ;2, (hich sett!e" in the eastern reions o- the Ara.ian +eninsu!a) &heir
!an" (as /no(n to Ara.ian cosmora+hers as /awlan) $autsch i"enti-ies them as the /#wailah, a
+eo+!e (ho sett!e" on the Ara.ian shore o- the Persian %u!-) &he Semitic tri.e, ho(ever, (ith
(hom (e are "ea!in here, remaine" "istinct, an" occu+ie" areas on the o++osite si"e o- the
+eninsu!a) 6n Stra.o8s "a,, the, (ere sti!! occu+,in areas o- northern Ara.ia, their name .ein
recor"e" ., him as the Kha#lotaei) Kose+hus /ne( them as the 1#ilat) &he Ara.ian cosmora+her
Ya/ut, in-orms us that their "ia!ect, /awil, (as s+o/en by 1the des#endants o! Midian* the son o!
Abraha%. 8 &his Semitic tri.e o- @avi!ah a!so occu+ie" the southernmost ti+ o- the Ara.ian
+eninsu!a, crossin -rom there the Ba.5e!51an"e. to the A-rican coast) @ere, .oth Pto!em, an"
P!in, re-er to their cit, o- Aua!is on the 3e" Sea coast o- A-rica, (hich !a, next to the mo"ern state
o- F?i.outi) &his cit, 0Aua!is2 is /no(n to"a, as =eila 0see 1a+ 2)2 03e-s' 1FB 2'5D7) 9BF 506)
KA 1)vi);) P 1'272
26) 3oa' Ko.a.8s "escen"ants (ere /no(n to the A//a"ians as the 0aii) &he, sett!e" in the
to(n that has !on .orne their -oun"er8s name, 3#haia, (hich, accor"in to Sa.ean inscri+tions,
!a, c!ose to mo"ern 1ecca 0see 1a+ 2)2 03e-s' 1FB 2'725) 9BF 6D7) KA !)vi);) P 1'272
27) Peleg' %enesis te!!s us that in his "a, the earth (as "ivi"e") &he meanin o- his name, as
ren"ere" in @e.re(, corres+on"s exact!, (ith the A//a"ian noun p#l#""#, (hich means a "ivi"in
u+ o- territor, ., means o- .oun"aries an" .or"ers 0the A//a"ian ver. -or 8to "ivi"e8 is pala"#)2
Bi/e(ise, the Ass,rian (or", palg#, re-ers to the "ivi"in u+ o- !an" ., cana!s an" irriation
s,stems) 6t is in this sense that the @e.re( (or" peleg is use" in Ko. 27'6 an" DE'5) &he man name"
Pe!e, 0(hose name a++ears as Phaleg in Kose+hus2, (as so name", ho(ever, a-ter the "ivision an"
scatterin o- the nations -rom Ba.e!) 6n -act, one o- the ancient names o- Ba.,!on 0Ba.e!2 is
no(a"a,s trans!ate" as 8the +!ace o- cana!s8, thouh sure!, a .etter trans!ation (ou!" .e 8the +!ace o-
"ivision,8 or even the +!ace o- Pe!e) &here is an ancient cit, that .ore the name o- Pe!e, ho(ever,
the A//a"ian to(n o- Phalg#, (hose ruins !ie at the ?unction o- the Eu+hrates an" Chaoras rivers
0Che.ar, see EJe/ie! 1'1)2 O- -urther interest to us is the -act that the "ivision o- the nations is
recor"e" in %enesis as occurrin in the -i-th eneration a-ter the 4!oo") We (i!! encounter stri/in
con-irmation o- this (hen (e stu", the "escent o- certain Euro+ean /ins !ater) 03e-s' 1FB D'707)
9BF 757) KA 1)vi);) P 1'2E2
2E) .e#< &his name a++ears as a +ersona! name in A//a"ian recor"s (here it is ren"ere" .a%#) &he
ear!, %ree/s /ne( it as .aga#, as "i" Kose+hus) 3eu (as to ive his name to an is!an" in the
Eu+hrates that !ies ?ust .e!o( the cit, o- Anat, an" (hich the A//a"ians /ne( as .a%il#) 6t (as
/no(n to the %ree/s as .ag# 0see 1a+ 2)2 03e-s' 1FB ;'5D) KA !)vi)5) P 1'D02
27) Ser#g' @e ave his name to the cit, an" "istrict that (as /no(n to the A//a"ians as Sar#gi)
&his !a, to the (est o- @aran 0see D2)2 6t is norma!!, assume" that the name o- the !an" o- S,ria
came a.out .ecause the %ree/s con-use" it (ith Ass,ria) But sure!, it is more !i/e!, that S,ria is
mere!, a trans+osition into %ree/ o- the +atriarcha! name o- Seru (ho, a-ter a!!, sett!e" in that +art
o- the (or!" 0see 1a+ 2)2 03e-s' 1FB ;'27 1) KA 1)vi)5) P 1'D02
D0) Nahor' &here seems to .e no secu!ar recor" that mentions him as an in"ivi"ua! 0.ut see D6)2
03e-s' 1FB D';77) 9BF E60) KA 1)vi)5) P 1'D0)2
D1) Terah' &he -ather o- A.raham, he !ater sett!e" in @aran 0see D22, (here he "ie") &he name
&erah is associate" in Ke(ish !iterature (ith the moon5o", an" there seems to .e a "irect
et,mo!oica! !in/ .et(een his name an" the teraphim, sma!! i"o!atrous imaes that (ere /e+t in
most househo!"s) 6n this context, it is interestin to note that Koshua 2;'2 "escri.es &erah as an
i"o!ater) @o(ever, near to the cit, o- @aran, there (as a +!ace that .ore &erah8s name, /no(n to
Ass,rians as T#rahi an" to the A//a"ians as T#rah#, the ruins o- (hich cit, (ere !ater /no(n to
them as &i!5Sa5&urahi 0see 1a+ 2)2 03e-s' 1FB ;'57;) 9BF 12525D) KA 1)vi)5) P 1'D02
D2) /aran' @aran (as the ,ounest o- his -ather8s sons) @e (as .orn at #r an" "ie" there at a
,oun ae) &o his -ather, &erah, is attri.ute" the .ui!"in o- the cit, o- @aran) &erah name" the
+!ace in his son8s memor, an" honour) &he cit, !a, on the main hih(a, to 9ineveh -rom
Carchemish, an" it is interestin to note in this context that the Ass,rian noun -or main roa" is
harran#) 4rom its ear!iest "a,s, @aran (as one o- the chie- centres o- moon5(orshi+, an" (e
-re:uent!, rea" o- its tem+!e .ein restore" an" em.e!!ishe" ., successive /ins o- Ass,ria) 6ts
tem+!e (as, in"ee", ever, .it as -amous an" (e!!5su.scri.e" as that at #r 0(here the -ami!,
oriinate", o- course)2 9imro" a!so (as (orshi++e" here 0see @am 102, he .ein re-erre" to in the
inscri+tions concernin him as the 8+rince o- the men o- @aran8 0see 1a+ 2)2 03e-s' 1FB 2'52;)
9BF 50;) KA 1)vi)5) P 1'D02
DD) 0ot' 6 have not ,et notice" an, secu!ar re-erence to him, save that the Fea" Sea has a!(a,s .een
/no(n to the Ara.s as the Sea o- Bot 0see 1a+ 2)2 03e-s' 1FB D'1625D) 9BF 7522
D;) Moa' @e (as the -oun"er o- the 1oa.ite nation) &his nation (as /no(n as M#%a# to the
A//a"ians, an" as in the E,+tian inscri+tions 0see 1a+ ;)2 03e-s' 1FB D';07) 9BF ED;552
D5) Benammi< @e -oun"e" the Ammonite nation, an" his name is sti!! +er+etuate" in the mo"ern
cit, o- !mman that !ies some 25 mi!es to the north5east o- the Fea" Sea) Present5"a, Amman) in
-act, (as once the ca+ita! cit, o- the Ammonite nation, an" (as /no(n in the o!" (or!" as
.aath-ammon) We /no( -rom the -irst .oo/ o- the 1acca.ees that Ku"as 1acca.aeus
con-ronte" the Ammonites, an" hence that the Ammonites ha" survive" as a "istinct nation unti! at
!east the 2n" centur, BC) @o(ever, in the 1st centur, BC, their !an"s (ere occu+ie" ., the
9a.ataeans 0see 9e.aioth 5;2 an" it is here that the Ammonites "isa++ear -rom the historica! scene)
&he +ersona! name o- Benammi is /no(n -rom certain c!an5!ists o- #arit) &here a!so survives -rom
9imru" in Ass,ria an inscri+tion .earin the name o- .anu Ammana?a) &he Ass,rians enera!!,
/ne( the Ammonites nation as it-!mma-na-aia, or the @ouse o- Ammon 0see 1a+ ;)2 03e-s'
1FB 1'DE1) 9BF 1;0 an" 8Ammonite8 D02
D6) Nahor' &he name 9ahor is /no(n -rom Ba.,!onian inscri+tions, an" -rom the c!a, ta.!ets o-
1ari, (hich ren"er the name Nah#r) 9ahor sett!e" in @aran 0see D22 (hich (as !ater to .ecome
/no(n as the &o(n o- 9ahor) &his a++ears in inscri+tions -rom the rein o- Ashur.ani+a!, as
Nah#r#, the cit,8s !ater ruins .ein /no(n to the Ass,rians as til-Nahiri, the moun" or hi!! o-
9ahor 0see 1a+ 2)2 03e-s' 1FB D';77) 9BF E60) KA 1)vi)5) P 1'D02
D7) !raham' &he (e!!5/no(n -oun"er o- the Ke(ish +eo+!e) &here exists -rom Ba.,!onia an ear!,
c!a, ta.!et that .ears the name o- a man ca!!e" !i-ram#, (hich is ren"ere" !arama in the
E.!aite ta.!ets) Another .ears the name o- Sarai) Kose+hus :uotes the Ba.,!onian historian, Berosus,
as sa,in, 86n the tenth eneration a-ter the 4!oo", there (as a man amon the Cha!"eans (ho (as
rihteous an" reat)))8 Kose+hus, riht!, in m, o+inion, rear"e" this remar/ as a "irect re-erence to
A.raham, even thouh Berosus "i"n8t name him) Kose+hus te!!s us a!so that @ecataeus an" 9ico!aus
o- Famascus .oth mention A.raham in their o(n histories) 03e-s' 1FB 1'1;522) 9BF 557)KA 1)vi)5)
P 1'D02
DE) Sh#ah' &he -oun"er o- the .i.!ica! Sh#ites, one o- (hose "escen"ants 0Bi!"a"2 counse!e" Ko.)
&he Ass,rians /ne( Shua.8s +osterit, as the S#h#, an" "escri.e their !an" as !,in a"?acent to the
Eu+hrates, south o- Carchemish, .et(een the Ba!i/h an" $ha.ur rivers 0the $ha.ur river (as
recor"e" as the Cha.oras ., Pto!em,, an" as the Che.ar ., EJe/ie!) See 1a+ 2)2 03e-s' 1FB ;'D;1)
9BF 11ED2
D7) Isha"' @e (as the +roenitor o- a tri.e (ho seem to have sett!e" to the east o- Canaan)
Other(ise, secu!ar recor"s seem to .e si!ent concernin them 0see 1a+ 2)2 03e-' 1FB 2'7;72
;0) Midian' &he -oun"er o- the 1i"ianite tri.e o- Ara.s) &he Ara.ian historian, Ya/ut, te!!s us that
the, s+o/e the @a(i! "ia!ect o- Ara.ic 0see 25)2 @e a!so con-irms the -act that 1i"ian (as the son
o- A.raham) &he tri.es o- 1i"ian are a!so /no(n -rom E,+tian an" other sources, Pto!em,, -or
exam+!e, recor"in the name as Modiana, (hi!st the ancient +re56s!amic Ara. cit, o- Madyan is
to"a, /no(n as Magha%ir Sh#%ai 0see 1a+ 2)2 03e-s' 1FB D'D7556) 9BF E212
;1) 1phah' E+hah8s "escen"ants sett!e" in (hat is no( Gh#wafa, to the south5(est o- &e.u/ in the
north5(est Ara.ian +eninsu!a) &he, are /no(n to us in the anna!s o- &i!ath5+i!eser 666, (ho re-ers
to them as the /ayapa) &he, are !ast hear" o- in an inscri+tion o- Saron 66 that "ates to the ,ear
715 BC 0see 1a+ 2)2 03e-' 1FB 2'1072
;2) 1pher' $no(n to Ara. cosmora+hers as %ofr, Ashur.ani+a! o- Ass,ria recor"e" the name o-
E+her8s "escen"ants as the !ppar#) &he cit, in (hich the, sett!e" sti!! .ears the name o- their
-oun"er, Ghifar) 6t !ies c!ose to 1e"ina 0see 1a+ 2)2 03e-' 1FB 2'1072
;D) /enoch' @e -oun"e" the -amous $enite tri.e o- 1i"ianite Ara.s) &he, (ere co++ersmiths (ho
sett!e" to the south5(est o- the %u!- o- A:a.a 0see 1a+ 2)2 03e-' 1FB 2'52D2
;;) !idah' 1inean inscri+tions -rom Yemen recor" the name o- A.i"ah8s +osterit, as the
!iyadi%) &heir +recise area o- sett!ement is un/no(n, a!thouh it must have .een in the south5(est
reions o- the Ara.ian +eninsu!a 0see 1a+ 2)2 03e-' 1FB 1'72
;5) 1ldaah' &he "escen"ants o- E!"aah are /no(n to us -rom ancient Sa.ean inscri+tions, (hich
re-er to them as the &ada%il) We "o not /no( their +recise area o- sett!ement, a!thouh it (as
certain!, (ithin Yemen 0see 1a+ 2)2 03e-' 1FB 2'722
;6) Medan' @e -oun"e" various northern Ara.ian tri.es, an" his name is sti!! +reserve" in the
mo"ern -ami!, name o- !d-al-Madan) @is +osterit, sett!e" in the to(n o- Madan, (hich is
mentione" in the inscri+tions o- &i!ath5+i!eser 666 that "ate to the ,ear 7D2 BC) @e ren"ers the
name as Badan, .ut the !etters 8m8 an" 8.8 are interchanea.!e in Ara.ic) &he to(n !a, to the (est o-
&ema 0see 62 an" 1a+ 2)2 03e-s' 1FB D'D1E) 9BF E012
;7) 3o"shan' Seemin!, un/no(n outsi"e the .i.!ica! recor"s, he a++ears to have sett!e" (ith his
"escen"ants in northern Ara.ia 0see 1a+ 2)2 03e-s' 1FB 2'76D) 9BF 6522
;E) Shea< 6n the o-ten unrecor"e" an" sometimes com+!ex turmoi! o- these times, this +eo+!e
seemin!, ma"e u+ the Semitic Ara.s (ho (ere to su+erce"e the ear!ier @amitic tri.e, the oriina!
She.a) 03e-s' 1FB ;'D1152) 9BF 1171)KA !)vi);) P 1'27 an" 272
;7) +edan< Bi/e She.a, this Semitic tri.e o- Fe"an seemin!, su+erse"e" the @amitic tri.e o- the
same name, an" (e notice here the "erivation o- the @e.re( (or" %ra 0Ara.2 -rom ere, (hich
means a mixe" mu!titu"e) &he cit, o- Fe"an 0mo"ern Fai"an2 is mentione" in the inscri+tions o-
9a.oni"us, /in o- Ba.,!on, (ho s+ent his ,ears o- exi!e at &ema) &here are some ruins (est o-
&ema ca!!e" +aidan, that !ies in an area /no(n in mo"ern times as 1e"ain Sa!ih) 0see 62 an" 1a+
2)2 03e-s' 1FB 1'E12) 9BF D05) P 1'272
50) The Sons of +edan' &hese -oun"e" the three tri.es o-' Fe"anite Ara.s, o- (hom nothin
-urther is !earne" -rom extra5.i.!ica! sources save -or the -act that in !ater Ke(ish !iterature the
Asshurim 0not to .e con-use" (ith the Ass,rians2 (ere "escri.e" as trave!!in merchantsC the
Betushim (ere those (ho shar+ene" (ea+ons an" cut!er,C an" the Beummim (ere some(hat
enimatica!!, "escri.e" as the 8chie- o- those (ho inha.it the is!es8, the sini-icance o- (hich +hrase
is no( !ost to us) 4rom this in-ormation, it (ou!" a++ear that the Asshurim an" Betushim (ou!"
trave! the countr, se!!in an" re+airin various items, rather !i/e the numerous tri.es o- ,+sies an"
tin/ers (ho (ere once a common -eature o- the En!ish an" Euro+ean scenes) 03e-' 4or Asshurim,
1FB 1'2612 03e-' 4or Betushim, 1FB D'1152 03e-' 4or Beummim, 1FB D'1152
51) =imran' &he chie-tain an" -oun"er o- an Ara. tri.e (hose chie- cit, !a, to the (est o- 1ecca)
Pto!em, recor"e" its name as =aram, the !etters 8m8 an" 8.8 .ein interchanea.!e in Ara.ic 0see
1a+ 2)2 03e-s' 1FB ;'75E) 9BF 1D602
52) Isaac' 6 have so -ar -oun" no mention o- him in extra5.i.!ica! sources) 03e-s' 1FB 2'72E) 9BF
56E572
5D) Ishmael' Amon the Ba.,!onian "ocuments that have come "o(n to us -rom the "a,s o-
@ammura.i, there is a !ist o- (itnesses to certain "ocuments) One o- these (itnesses is reistere" as
1Abuha* son o! 9sh%ael1) 03e-s' 1FB 2'7;75E) 9BF 5775E2
5;) Neaioth< @e sett!e" (ith his "escen"ants to the south o- the Fea" Sea, (here the, (ere /no(n
to the Cha!"eans as the Naat, an" to the Ass,rians as the Nahaiate) &heir o(n inscri+tions ren"er
the name as %ntw%) &he %ree/ historian, Fio"orus, mentions them, an" Pto!em, /ne( them as the
Naatei) &he 9a.ataeans8 -ina! "emise (as .rouht a.out ., Auustus Caesar, (ho cut o-- the
tra"e routes o- Ara.ia) B, the time o- &i.erius Caesar, a!! the !an" east o- Ku"ea (as /no(n as
Naataea) 03e-s' 1FB D'52E) 9BF E722
55) Kedar< $no(n to the @e.re(s as the >edar, an" the Ass,rians as the >idri, his "escen"ants
.ecame the reat tri.e o- Ara.s (ho sett!e" in the north5(est Ara.ian +eninsu!a, an" (hose .!ac/
tents (ere to .ecome +rover.ia! in the ancient (or!") We are in-orme" in Ba.,!onian sources that
the armies 9e.ucha"neJJar con-ronte" the tri.e o- $e"ar in a ma?or s/irmish o- the ,ear 577 BC,
an inci"ent that (as -oreto!" ., Keremiah 0;7'2E an" 27)2 &he tri.e o- $e"ar is a!so mentione" in
the anna!s o- Ashur.ani+a!, (ith (hom the, c!ashe", an" in various other Ass,rian "ocuments) 6n
these, the men o- $e"ar are mentione" in c!ose association (ith the men o- 9e.aioth 0see 5;)2 &he
-oun"er o- 6s!am, 1ohamme", (as to trace his o(n "irect "escent -rom $e"ar 0see 1a+ 2)2 03e-s'
1FB D'D5;) 9BF 6EE2
56) !deel' @e (as the -oun"er o- a tri.e (ho (ere /no(n to the A//a"ians as the Idiil#) &his
same +eo+!e (ere su.se:uent!, mentione" in the anna!s o- &i!ath5+i!eser 666, (ho te!!s us ho( he
con:uere" the Idia%leans an" em+!o,e" them to uar" the a++roaches to E,+t8s .or"ers) &heir
area o- sett!ement (as in north5(est Ara.ia, c!ose to the !an"s o- $e"ar 0see 552 an" 9e.aioth 0see
5; an" 1a+ 2)2 03e-' 1FB 1';52
57) Misam' An other(ise un/no(n Be"houin chie-tain) 03e-' 1FB D'D672
5E) Mishma' @e sett!e" (ith his "escen"ants in (hat is /no(n to"a, as 3eel Mishma in the
vicinit, o- &ema 0see 62 an" 1a+ 2)2 03e-' 1FB D';0;2
57) +#mah' &he Ass,rians an" Ba.,!onians /ne( Fumah8s "escen"ants as the !dammat#)
9a.oni"us !ater te!!s us ho( he con:uere" the !d#mm#) Pto!em, re-erre" to them as the
+omathaC an" Por+h,r, recor"e" their name as the +#mathii) We /no( them to"a, as the
6"umaeans) &he name o- Fumah is sti!! +reserve" in the mo"ern Ara. cit, o- +#mat-al-3andal, the
erst(hi!e ca+ita! o- his tri.e 0see 1a+ 2)2 03e-s' 1FB 1'E7D5;) 9BF D2E2
60) Massa' &he "escen"ants o- 1assa (ere /no(n to the Ass,rians as the Mas%a, (ho (ith the
tri.e o- &ema 0see (ere -orce" to +a, tri.ute to &i!ath5+i!eser 666) @e te!!s ho( he con:uere" them
a!on (ith the +eo+!es o- @aia++a 0see ;12, the 6"i.a8!eans 0see 562 an" others) Pto!em, /ne( tri.e
as the Masanoi, (ho !ive" to the north5east o- Fumah 0see 57)2 Kose+hus recor"s their name as the
Mesanaeans, an" that in his "a, their !an"s (ere /no(n to the 3omans as Chara, Spasini 0see
1a+ 2)2 03e-s' 1FB D'277) 9BF 77D) KA 1)vi)D2
61) /adad' &he name is ren"ere" as /add# in A//a"ian inscri+tions as the name o- a +aan o")
@a"a" himse!-, ho(ever, seems to .e un/no(n in extra5.i.!ica! sources) 03e-s' 1FB 2'507) 9BF
;772
62) Tema< Sti!! /no(n ., to"a,8s Ara.s as Taima%, the cit, o- &ema8s "escen"ants !ies some 70
mi!es north5east o- Fe"an 0see ;7)2 9a.oni"us, /in o- Ba.,!on, 055655D7 BC2, +asse" his ,ears o-
exi!e in this cit,, (hich he a!so /ne( as &ema) &he cit, o- &ema, (ith those o- Fe"an an" Fumah
0see 572 -orme" staes in the caravan route -rom Ba.,!on to She.a 0see ;E an" 1a+ 2)2 03e-s' 1FB
;'5DD) 9BF 12;12
6D) 3et#r' @e (as the +roenitor o- the It#raeans$ (ho (ere /no(n to the %ree/s as the Ito#raia)
&he 6turaeans are mentione" in the (or/s o- Fio Cassius, Kose+hus, P!in,, Stra.o an" othersC an"
(ere /no(n to the 3oman authorities as a tri.e o- ro..ers) &he "escen"ants o- Ketur +er+etrate" a
massacre o- Be.anese Christians in AF 1E60 0see 1a+ ;)2 03e-' 1FB 2'E772
6;) Naphish' @e an" his !ineae are various!, /no(n in the .i.!ica! recor"s as Nephish, the
chi!"ren o- the Neph#sim, an" the Nephishesim) &he, are seemin!, un/no(n -rom extra5.i.!ica!
sources) 03e-s' 1FB D'50E) 9BF E6;2
65) Kedemah< @e an" his "escen"ants sett!e" in (hat (as /no(n as the Wi!"erness o- $e"emoth)
&he tri.e "(e!t in cit, that is /no(n to"a, as es-=a%feran 0see 1a+ ;)2 03e-s' 1FB D' ; an" 557)
9BF 6EE2
3ote: Maps are in Appendi5 =.

== *9E>
MAIN A!E """#creatio$is%#or&
#E?T @@

A-ter the 4!oo" 5 by Bill Cooper
CHAPTER
I
CHAPTER
II
CHAPTER
III
CHAPTER
IV
CHAPTER
V
CHAPTER
VI
CHAPTER
VII
CHAPTER
VIII
CHAPTER
IX
CHAPTER
X
CHAPTER
XI
CHAPTER
XII
CHAPTER
XIII
== *9E>
"The early post-flood history of
Europe traced back to Noah"
#E?T @@
AENDI7 )
The Natio$s of 'a%
1) /am< 1't is observed that Cha%* and his
!a%ely* ere the only !ar 4ravellers* and
7traglers into diverse un+none #ountries*
sear#hing) e5ploring and sitting done in the
sa%e) as also yt is said o! his !a%ely that
hat #ountry soever the #hildren o! Cha%
happened to possesse* there beganne both the
9gnoraun#e o! true godliness...and that no
inhabited #ountryes #ast !orth greater
%ultytudes* to raunge and stray into diverse
re%ote Regions.1 &hus -ar the comments o-
one Wi!!iam Strache,, (ho a""e" to these
(or"s in 1612 the -o!!o(in "amnin
in"ictment, accusin @am8s +osterit, o-
instiatin' the ignoraun#e o! the true
orship o! 2od...the inventions o!
0eathenis%e* and KtheL adoration o! !al#e
godes and the $evill...1 cit) @o"en, +) 262)
See Bi.!iora+h,) 03e-s' 1FB 2'515) 9BF
500) KA 1)vi)2) P 1'272
2) C#sh< Kose+hus (rites' 14i%e has not at all
hurt the na%e o! Cush) !or the Ethiopians*
over ho% he reigned* are even at this day*
both by the%selves and by all %en in Asia*
#alled Cushites.1 &he name o- Cush
0oriina!!, ren"ere" Ch#s in Kose+hus2 is
+reserve" in E,+t8s hiero!,+hic inscri+tions
as $ush, these recor"s re-errin to the countr,
that !a, .et(een the secon" an" thir"
cataracts o- the 9i!e) &his same !an" (as !ater
/no(n as 9u.ia) A""itiona! in-ormation on
this !ocation is !eane" -rom the recor"s o-
Esarha""on, /in o- Ass,ria 06E1566E BC2,
(ho te!!s us that he ma"e himse!- /in o-
1usur 0see 112, o- Paturisi 0see 162, an"
Cush) Some have c!aime" a!so that the name
o- Cush (as !i/e(ise +er+etuate" in that o-
the Ba.,!onian cit, o- $ish, one o- the
ear!iest cities to .e .ui!t a-ter the 4!oo")
03e-s' 1FB 1'751) 9BF 2E;) KA 1, vi)2) P
1'272
3ote: Maps are in Appendi5 =.

D) Seah' @e -oun"e" the nation that (as /no(n to !ater histor, as the Saaeans) Stra.o (rites o-
their cit, o- Saai a!on (ith its har.our o- Sa.a 0same s+e!!in as in Kose+hus2, (hich !a, on the
(est coast o- the Ara.ian +eninsu!a 0see 1a+ 22) 03e-s' 1FB ;'260) KA 1)vi)22
;) /avilah< &he +roenitor o- the @amitic tri.e o- @avi!ah) 0&here (ere t(o tri.es o- @avi!ah, one
o- them Semitic in oriin, see Shem 25)2 @is "escen"ants sett!e" on the east coast o- Ara.ia !oo/in
out onto the Persian %u!-) &heir !an" (as /no(n to the +re56s!amic (riters as /awlan, an" to
Kose+hus as 1vilas) $autsch ren"ers the name as /#wailah, an" con-irms their sett!ement on the
east coast o- Ara.ia 0see 1a+ 22) 03e-s' 1FB 2'5D7) 9BF 506) KA 1)vi)2) P 1'272
5) Sata' Kose+hus recor"s the name o- his 0Sa.ta8s2 "escen"ants as the Saateni or Saathes)
Pto!em, /ne( them as the Saptha, an" P!in, ca!!e" them the Messaathi) &he, sett!e" on the
eastern si"e o- the Ara.ian +eninsu!a) Sa.ta8s name is a!so +reserve" in that o- the ancient cit, o-
Shawat 0mo"ern Saota2, the ca+ita! o- the @a"ramaut 0@aJarmaveth) See Shem 162) 03e-s' 1FB
;'1;6) 9BF i112)KA 1)vi)2) P 1'272
6) .aamah< We /no( -rom the inscri+tions o- ancient She.a 0see 72 that 3aamah8s "escen"ants
sett!e" near to the !an" o- @avi!ah 0see ;2, an" to the east o- O+hir 0see Shem 2;2) &he, are /no(n
-rom other sources to have tra"e" (ith the chi!"ren o- *i"on 0see 222 in the cit, o- &,re) Pto!em,
aree" (ith the BGG in the name .agma$ (hich Kose+hus ren"ere" .agmas) &here is sti!! a +!ace
ca!!e" .aamah near 1a8in in south5(est Ara.ia 0see 1a+ 22) 03e-s' 1FB ;'1) 9BF 1072) KA 1)vi)2)
P 1
7) Shea' 1inaean inscri+tions -rom the north Yemen, an" (hich "ate to the 7th centur, BC, te!! us
that She.a (as that /in"om8s southern neih.or) &he !an" o- She.a is a!so /no(n to us -rom
Ass,rian inscri+tions o- the Eth centur, BC) She.a (as -amous as the Ban" o- S+ices 0there (ere
-our 8s+ice /in"oms8551inaea, $ata.an, an" @a"ramaut)2 0See Shem 162, an" (e /no( -rom the
vast archaeo!oica! ruins, some o- (hose (a!!s sti!! stan" some 60 -eet a.ove the "esert san"s, that
the !an" (as extreme!, -erti!e, .ein (atere" ., inenious irriation s,stems contro!!e" ., a reat
"am that once s+anne" the river A"hanat) 6n the ,ear 5;2 BC, the "am co!!a+se" a-ter more than a
thousan" ,ears o- service, an event that is reca!!e" in the $oran an" "escri.e" there as a ?u"ment
o- %o" u+on the +eo+!e)03e-s' 1FB ;'D1152) 9BF 1171)KA1, vi);) P 1'272
E) +edan< @is +osterit, are /no(n to have tra"e" (ith the Phoenicians) 6"enti-ie" -rom various
cunei-orm inscri+tions, their main +!ace o- sett!ement (as the cit, that is /no(n to"a, as !l-#la,
an" (hich !ies some 70 mi!es south5(est o- mo"ern &aima 0see Shem 62 an" 1a+ 22) 03e-s' 1FB
1'E12) 9BF D052
7) Satecha' 6"enti-ie" ., Kose+hus as the Saactens or Saactas, Sa.techa8s "escen"ants a++ear
to have sett!e" in southern Ara.ia, the mo"ern Yemen 0see 1a+ 22) 03e-s' 1FB ;'1;6) 9BF
1112)KA 1)vi)2) P 1'272
10) Nimrod' Writin in 1E76, %eore Smith te!!s us that' 13early thirteen hundred years be!ore the
Christian era* one o! the Egyptian poe%s li+ens a hero to the Assyrian #hie! Ka2art#, 1a great
hunter... and it has already been suggested that the re!eren#e here is to the !a%e o! 3i%rod. A little
later* in the BC 11FF to EFF* e have in Egypt %any persons na%ed 3i%rod* shoing a +noledge
o! the %ighty hunter there.1 0Cha!"ean %enesis) +) D1D2) 9imro" (as un"ou.te"!, the most
notorious man in the ancient (or!" (ho is cre"ite" (ith instiatin the %reat 3e.e!!ion at Ba.e!,
an" o- -oun"in the vs, astro!o, an" even human sacri-ice) 1oreover, there is much evi"ence to
suest that he himse!- (as (orshi++e" -rom the ver, ear!iest times) @is name, -or exam+!e, (as
+er+etuate" in those o- Nim#rda, the Ass,rian o" o- (arC 1ar"u/, the Ba.,!onian /in o- the
o"sC an" the Sumerian "eit, !mar-#t#) @is imae (as !i/e(ise incor+orate" ver, ear!, on in the
Cha!"ean Jo"iac as a chi!" seate" on his mother8s !a+, an" .oth mother an" chi!" (ere (orshi++e",
she as the Lueen o- @eaven, an" he as her erst(hi!e sacri-icia! son, the +recursor o- to"a,8s (orshi+
o- the 1a"onna an" Chi!") 9imro" (as a!so (orshi++e" ., the 3omans un"er the name o-
Bacch#s, this name .ein "erive" -rom the Semitic ar-C#sh, meanin the son o- Cush) A
mountain not -ar -rom Ararat, has .een ca!!e" Nimr#d +agh 01ount 9imro"2 -rom the ear!iest
times since the 4!oo", an" the ruins o- Birs Nimr#d .ear the remains o- (hat is common!, re+ute"
to .e the oriina! &o(er o- Ba.e!) &he Cas+ian Sea (as once ca!!e" the Mar de Bach#, or Sea o-
Bacchus, as is (itnesse" ., the ma+ a++earin in Sir Wa!ter 3a!eih8s @istor, o- the Wor!",
+u.!ishe" in 16D;) One o- the chie- cities o- Ass,ria (as name" Nimr#d, an" the P!ain o- Shinar,
/no(n to the Ass,rians as Sen8ar an" the site o- the %reat 3e.e!!ion, (as itse!- /no(n as the Ban"
o- 9imro") 6ra:i an" 6ranian Ara.s sti!! s+ea/ his name (ith a(e, an" such (as the notoriet, o- the
man that his historica! rea!it, is .e,on" "is+ute 0see 1a+ 22) 03e-s' 1FB D'551) 9BF EEE) KA
1)vi)2) P 1'272
11) Mi2raim< A co!!ective name, these +eo+!e sett!e" in E,+t) 1o"ern 6srae!is sti!! use the name
-or that countr,C it is +reserve" as Msrm in the #aritic inscri+tionsC as Misri in the Amarna
ta.!etsC an" in the Ass,rian an" Ba.,!onian ; recor"s as M#s#r an" M#sri res+ective!,) 1o"ern
Ara.s sti!! /no( it as Misr) Kose+hus 0ren"erin the name Mesraites2 re!ates a curious e+iso"e that
he ca!!e" the Ethio+ic War, inci"ent that (as a++arent!, (e!!5/no(n throuhout ancient (or!")
Accor"in to Kose+hus, some six or sevev nations "escen"e" -rom the 1iJraim (ere "estro,e",
c!ear!, a ma?or con-!ict that (ou!" have ha" +ro-oun" -ar5reachin re+ercussions in the (or!" o-
those times) Kose+hus !ists those nations as the Bu"im 0see 122C the Anamim 0see 1D2C the Beha.im
0see 1;2C the 9a+htuhim 0see 152C the Pathrusim 0see 162C the Cashuhim 0see 172C an" the Ca+htorim
0see 172) 03e-s' 1FB D';07) 9BF EDD) KA Bvi)2) P 1'272
12) 0#dim< Seemin!, /no(n in !ater recor"s as the Bu.im 0(hich Kose+hus ren"ere" Bu"icim2
this +eo+!e sett!e" on the north coast o- A-rica an" ave their name to the !an" o- B,.ia) &he, are
/no(n to have +rovi"e" E,+t on more than one occasion (ith mercenar, troo+s) &he recor"s that
te!! us this ive the Bu"im8s name as Be.u) Other(ise, Kose+hus recor"s their "estruction, or rather
"e-eat, in the Ethio+ic War 0see 1a+ D2) 03e-s' 1FB D'17E57) 9BF 755)KA 1)vi)2) P 1'2E2
1D) !namim' 4e( occurrences o- this name can no( .e -oun" in the survivin recor"s) &his ma,
.e "ue to the "evastations o- the Ethio+ic War) @o(ever, the Ass,rian /in, Saron 66, "oes te!! us
in his inscri+tions o- the !an" o- the !-na-mi (hich !a, a"?acent to that o- $a+tara 0see 172)
Kose+hus ren"ere" the name 1nemim) 03e-s' 1FB 1'12;) KA 1) vi)2) P 1'2E2
1;) 0ehaim< &he E,+tians recor"e" this name as %rw%, a!thouh it is uncertain (here the,
sett!e") Some authorities 0inc!u"in Kose+hus (ho ren"ers the name 0yyos2 ive B,.ia 0Bi.,a2 as
their countr,) &his +eo+!e (ere, ho(ever, "estro,e" in the Ethio+ic War 0see 1a+ D2) 03e-s' 1FB
D'110) 9BF 72E) KA 1) vi)2) P 1'2E2
15) Napht#him< &his +eo+!e are /no(n to have sett!e" in 9i!e "e!ta an" the (estern +arts o- E,+t,
(here ear!, cor"s re-er to them as the p%t%mhw55!itera!!,, 8the, o- the marsh!an")8 &heir name a!so
a++ears as Na-pato-im in the same recor"s) Kose+hus recor"s their "estruction in the Ethio+ic War
0see 1a+ D2) 03e-s' 1FB D'510) 9BF E65) P 1'2E2
16)Pathr#sim: &he +eo+!e o- this name mirate" to #++er E,+t, (here the E,+tians recor"e"
their name as the p%t%r or Ptores) &he "istrict o- Pathros thus .ears their name Esarha""on, /in o-
Ass,ria -rom 6E1566E BC, recor"s hi con:uest o- the Pat#risi, thus sho(in that this +articu!ar
tri.e at !east (ere not tota!!, "estro,e" in the Ethio+ic War as asserte" ., Kose+hus, (ho ren"ers the
name Phethrosim 0see 1a+ D2 03e-s) 6FB D'676) 9BF 7DE) KA 6)vi)22
17) Casl#him< &he +recise (herea.outs o- their countr, is uncertain, a!thouh the .oo/ o- %enesis
"oes recor" that the Phi!istines came -rom this +eo+!e) Some cite Crete as their +ossi.!e +!ace o-
sett!ement, (hich, i- true, (ou!" ma/e the Ethio+ic War o- Kose+hus a tru!, internationa! con-!ict, as
he recor"s the "estruction o- the Cas!uhim in that (ar) &his, ho(ever, on!, serves to ma/e Crete a
most un!i/e!, +!ace -or their sett!ement, the northern areas o- E,+t .ein a -ar more reasona.!e
+ro+osition 0.ut see 1E an" 17 an" 1a+ D2) Kose+hus ives their name as the Chesloim) 03e-s' 1FB
1'5;1) 9BF 201) KA 1)vi)D) P 1'2E2
1E) Philistim' Better /no(n to us as the Phi!istines, the, (ere /no(n to the Ass,rians as the
Palasht# an" the Pilisti, an" to the %ree/s as the Palastine55hence the !ater name o- Pa!estine)
A-ter the Ass,rian con:uests o- the Eth centur, BC, the Phi!istines e--ective!, "isa++ear as a
coherent nation) 6t is current!, .ut (ron!, .e!ieve" that the Phi!istines "i" not a++ear unti! the 1Dth
centur, BC, an" that the, are to .e i"enti-ie" as the 8Sea Peo+!es8 o- E,+tian !iterature) But this
vie( is erroneous) &he %enesis recor" states em+hatica!!, that the Phi!istim occu+ie" +arts o-
Canaan as ear!, as the time o- A.raham, an" -ar -rom im+!,in that their +!ace o- oriin (as Crete,
as current!, tauht, it is much more !i/e!, to have .een northern E,+t 0.ut see 17 an" 1a+ D2)
03e-s' 1FB D'77155) 9BF 8Phi!istines8 7EE5771) KA 1)vi)2) P 1'2E2
17) Caphtorim' Some con-usion has reine" in recent ,ears over the :uestion o- the eora+hica!
!ocation o- Ca+htorim) &his is main!, "ue to mo"ernist e--orts to i"enti-, Caphtor as Crete) &his
(ou!" a!!o( the assertion that the Phi!istines 0see 1E2 (ere the Sea Peo+!es o- the 1Dth centur, BC,
an" that the %enesis recor" there-ore errs (hen it s+ea/s o- the Phi!istines as the 17th centur, BC
contem+oraries o- A.raham) 6n o++osition to this vie(, ho(ever, the %enesis recor" ives the
common sense an" veri-ia.!e +!ace o- the Ca+htorim8s sett!ement as E,+t, or 1iJraim 0see 112
(here the name o- the Ca+htorim (as ren"ere" Kefti# in a recor" that is conventiona!!, "ate" to ca
2200 BC) %enesis te!!s us that the Ca+htorim (ere "escen"e" -rom the 1iJraim, an", throuh the
a.sence o- an, :ua!i-,in remar/s, !eaves us (ith the stron im+!ication that the Ca+htorim
there-ore "(e!t on the main!an" o- E,+t or 9orth A-rica either amonst, or in c!ose +roximit, to,
their -ore.ears the 1iJraim) On!, the "escen"ants o- Ka+heth are sai" to have occu+ie" the is!es o-
the sea, e)) C,+rus or Crete et a!, (hereas this :ua!i-ication is entire!, a.sent (ith either the
Semitic or @amitic race) &he ear!, Cretans, (e /no(, (ere not a @amitic +eo+!e, .ut rather (ere
6n"o5Euro+ean in race, !anuae an" cu!ture, (hich con-irms their "escent -rom Ka+heth 0an" not
@am2 as +rovi"e" in the %enesis account) 4urthermore, Kose+hus re!ates the invo!vement an"
su.se:uent "e-eat o- the Ca+htorim 0(hom he names the Cephtorim2 in the Ethio+ic War, a
con-!aration that (as con-ine" to the .or"ers o- E,+t an" Ethio+ia, an" (hich "i" not, as -ar as
(e /no(, invo!ve the is!es o- the sea) 1oreover, Keremiah ;7'; "escri.es the Phi!istines as the
1re%nant o! the #ountry o! Caphtor1, thus im+!,in that ., his o(n "a, the Ca+htorim (ere a
"e+!ete" nation) &here is a!so stron evi"ence o- a "irect et,mo!oica! !in/ .et(een the ai-Kaphtor
o- the O!" &estament an" the !ig#ptos o- %ree/ !iterature, !ig#ptos .ein mere!, the archaic -orm
o- the (estern name -or E,+t) &hat Ca+htor8s "escen"ants (ere main!an" "(e!!ers is a!so
con-irme" in the Ass,rian inscri+tions in (hich the, are name" as the KaptaraC an" in the #aritic
inscri+tions as the %"ptr%) Bater, E,+tian recor"s s+ea/ o- the %"ftyw% or Kapht#r, a term that (as
use" in re!ation to Phoenicia$ not Crete) 6ntriuin!,, the Se+tuaint trans!ates the name as
Kaphtoriim in %enesis 10'1;C (hereas in the .oo/ o- Feuteronom, 02'2D2 the name is ren"ere"
Kappado"es or Cappadocians) Bi/e(ise, the Batin =u!ate ives the ren"erin Ca+htorim in
%enesis 10'1;, thus -o!!o(in the oriina! @e.re(C (hereas in Feuteronom, 2'2D it -o!!o(s the
%ree/ Se+tuaint in the ren"erin Cappadoces an" Cappadocia55Ca++a"ocia, o- course, re-errin
to main!an" Asia 1inor) &hus, to i"enti-, the Ca+htorim as ear!, Cretans is c!ear!, untena.!e)
03e-s' 1FB 1'5D;) 9BF 177) KA 1)vi)D) P 1'2E2
20) P#t< &he countr, in (hich the "escen"ants o- Put sett!e" is (e!! /no(n to us -rom E,+tian
recor"s, (hich ren"er the name P#t or P#nt) 0Kose+hus ca!!s it Ph#t)2 6t is a!(a,s s+o/en o- as
c!ose!, associate" (ith E,+t, an" its c!ose eora+hica! +roximit, to E,+t is con-irme" ., an
inscri+tion -rom the archives o- Farius the %reat, /in o- Persia -rom 5225;E6 BC) @ere the !an" o-
P#ta is sho(n as !,in in the +roximit, o- C,renaica, i)e) on the 9orth A-rican coast to the (est o-
E,+t) &his same !an" (as /no(n as P#ta to the Ba.,!onians, an" as P#tiya in the O!" Persian
inscri+tions 0see 1a+ D2) 03e-s' 1FB D'771) 9BF 1066) KA 1)vi)2) P 1'272
21) Canaan< &he +osterit, o- Canaan sett!e" in the !an" that (as !ater to .e iven to 6srae!) At the
time o- the 6srae!ite con:uest o- Canaan, the +o+u!ation consiste" o- a!! the tri.es "escen"e" -rom
Canaan 0see 225D22) Both Sanchuniathon an" Ph,!o o- B,.!os con-irm the -act that the Canaanites
"erive" their name -rom their -oun"er) &he %ree/s an" Phoenicians ren"ere" the name Kna%anC the
E,+tians /ne( it as Kn%nw an" Kyn%nwC the Ass,rians ren"ere" the name Kinnah#C an" the
@urrians "escri.e" certain ",e" c!oths as Kinahne or Canaanite c!oth) 6n s+ite o- their @amitic
"escent, ho(ever, the Canaanites s+o/e a Semitic !anuae 0see 1a+ ;2) 03e-s' 1FB 1';7;) 9BF
1ED56) KA 1)vi)2) P 1'272
22) =idon' @e sett!e", (ith his "escen"ants, on the 1e"iterranean coast o- Canaan, (here his name
is sti!! +er+etuate" in the mo"ern5"a, cit, o- Sidon) Oriina!!, /no(n as =idonians, his +osterit,
(ere !ater /no(n as Phoenicians) &he, are /no(n to us -rom man, an" various inscri+tions o- the
o!" (or!", the A//a"ians, -or exam+!e, ren"erin the name Sid#n#, an" the Armana ta.!ets as
Sa%id#n# 0see 1a+ ;2) Kose+hus a"o+te" this s+e!!in (hen he ren"ere" the name Sidoni#s) 03e-s'
1FB ;'D;D55) 9BF 8Si"on8 11E;55) KA 1)vi)2) P 1'2E2
2D) /eth' @eth (as the +roenitor o- the @ittite nation, (hose name (as /no(n to the Ass,rians as
the Khatti) &he @ittites (ere a++arent!, the -irst nation to sme!t iron on an, a++recia.!e sca!e) &he
Armana ta.!ets contain !etters that (ere sent .et(een the @ittite em+eror Su..i!u!iuma an"
Amenhote+ 6= o- E,+t) 3ameses 66 te!!s us ho( he enae" the @ittites in (hat (as the ear!iest
recor"e" .att!e invo!vin masse" .att!e chariots) &his (as the -amous .att!e o- $a"esh, an" it
a++ears that the @ittites ot the .etter o- the E,+tian -orces) @eth8s name (as +er+etuate" in the
@ittite ca+ita! o- /att#shash, mo"ern BohaJ/o, in &ur/e, 0see 1a+ ;2) 03e-s' 1FB 2'577) 9BF
8@ittites8 52E57) P 1'2E2
2;) 3e#site< &he +osterit, o- 3e#s 0(hom Kose+hus /ne( as 3e#se#s2 sett!e" in the
mountainous reions o- Ku"ea (here, "ue to their stron an" natura! -orti-ications the, (ere a.!e to
(ithstan" the armies o- 6srae!) &he chie- cit, o- the Ke.usites came !ater to .e /no(n as Kerusa!em,
the ;r#salimm# o- the Armana ta.!ets) 03e-s' 01FB 2'E07) 9BF 60152) KA !)vi)2) P 1'2E2
25) !morite< $no(n to the Sumerians as the Mart#, an" to the A//a"ians as the !mm#rr#, this
+eo+!e sett!e" in the !an" o- Canaan) &he, a++ear to have initia!!, a"o+te" a noma"ic (a, o- !i-e,
a!thouh the, (ere soon to oranise themse!ves into a ver, +o(eru! an" aressive nation) 6n"ee",
the Amorites !ater came to con:uer Ba.,!onia, su.se:uent!, +ro"ucin one the most -amous o-
Ba.,!onian /ins, @ammura.i, (hose name +er+etuates the "esination !nn#rr#) Kose+hus the
name as !morre#s 0see 1a+ ;2) 03e-s' 1FB 1'115) 9BF D152) KA !) vi)2) P 1'2E2
26) Girgashite< &he name o- the %irashites has .een "iscovere" in the #aritic inscri+tions as
%grgs% an" %ngrgs%, in other (or"s Girgash an" the sons o- %irash) &he, are a!so /no(n to us in
@ittite "ocuments as the Kar"isa or >ara'ishaC an" in E,+tian recor"s as the Kir"ash) &he,
sett!e" to the east o- the river Kor"an, .et(een %a!i!ee an" the Fea" Sea, an" their "escen"ants are
+ro.a.!, to .e i"enti-ie" (ith the Gadarenes o- the 9&) Kose+hus ren"ere" the name Gerges#s 0see
1a+ ;2) 03e-s' 1FB 2'D77) 9BF ;71) KA 1)vi)2) P 1'2E2
27) /ivite< $no(n to the ancient %ree/s as the /e#aios, an" to Kose+hus as 1#e#s, this +eo+!e
move" -rom Canaan to the -oothi!!s o- Be.anon "urin the 6srae!ite con:uest un"er Koshua) $in
So!omon (as !ater to use @ivites as .ui!"ers 0see 1a+ ;2) 03e-s' 1FB 2'615) 9BF 527) KA !)vi)2) P
1'2E2
2E) !r"ite< &his +eo+!e come to our notice in the inscri+tions o- Sha!maneser 66 an" &i!ath5+i!eser
666, .oth /ins o- Ass,ria, an" .oth o- (hom "escri.e the Ar/ites as 1rebellious1) &he Ar/ites (ere
/no(n a!so to the E,+tians an" are mentione" in the Armana ta.!ets as the Ir"ata) &he, (ere
/no(n -or their (orshi+ o- Astarte) &heir cit, is /no(n to this "a, as Tell-!r'a, a +!ace /no(n to
&hutmose 666 o- E,+t as !r"ant#) Kose+hus ca!!s it !r#cas, an" it (as /no(n to the 3omans as
Caesari 0iani 0see 1a+ ;2) 03e-s' 1FB 1'226) 9BF E2) KA 1)vi)2) P 1'2E2
27) Sinite< &he name o- this +eo+!e is sti!! to .e -oun" in the mo"ern5"a, to(ns o- Nahr as-Sinn
an" Sinn addar, (hich are .oth in c!ose +roximit, to Ar:a 0see 2E2) &he Phoenicians /ne( the
Sinites as the ;sn#C the Ass,rians ca!!e" them the ;sana an" Siann#C an" the #aritic ta.!ets re-er
to them as the %sn%) Stra.o ca!!e" their to(n Sinna, an" @eiron,mous ren"ere" it civitas Sini
0(hich Kose+hus ave as Sine#s*$ 0see 1a+ ;2)03e-s' 1FB ;'D77) 9BF 117;) KA !)vi)D) P 1'2E2
D0) !rvadite< &his +eo+!e sett!e" on the is!an" that .ore their -oun"er8s name, !rvad) &o"a, it is
ca!!e" .#ad an" !ies north o- the .a, o- &ri+o!i a.out t(o mi!es out to sea) &he Arva"ites (ere
-ame" in the o!" (or!" -or their s/i!-u! seamanshi+, "ra(in -or this even the ru"in a"miration
o- the Ass,rians) Bater, the Arva"ites (ere to +!a, an im+ortant +art in the con:uests o- A!exan"er
the %reat) &he Arva"ites (ere /no(n in the Armana ta.!ets as the !rwada, to the A//a"ians as the
!r#da$ an" the Armana ta.!ets as Arua"i) Kose+hus ren"ers the name !r#de#s 0see 1a+ ;2) 03e-s'
1FB 1'2;2) 9BF 7D) KA!) vi)2) P 1'2E2
D1) =emarite< &he +osterit, o- *emar (ere /no(n to the Ass,rians as the Simirra, an" to the
E,+tians as the S#m#r) &he name is sti!! +er+etuate" in the mo"ern cit, o- S#mra, ?ust north o-
&ri+o!i) 03e-s' 1FB ;'750) 9BF 1D575E) P 1'2E2
D2) /amathite< &he cit, (here this +eo+!e sett!e" !a, on the Orontes, an" (as name" a-ter their
-ore.ear, @amath) Saron 66 o- Ass,ria te!!s us ho( he con:uere" the cit,, an" it (as at @amath that
9e.ucha"neJJar "e-eate" the E,+tian armies in 605 BC) &he cit, (as /no(n to the A//a"ians as
!mat#, to the E,+tians as /mt#, an" to the Ara.s as /amat) &he %ree/s an" 3omans
su.se:uent!, /ne( the cit, as E+i+haneia, a!thouh to"a, it has reverte" to its ancient name,
/amah) 6n E5D BC the men o- @amath (ere a.!e to success-u!!, "e-eat Ass,rian a"vances in the
(est ., mo.i!iJin an arm, o- no !ess than 6D,000 -oot so!"iers, 2,000 !iht horsemen, ;,000 .att!e
chariots an" 1,000 came!s) &his is the Ass,rian estimate o- their -orces, not an exaerate"
@amathite .oast> 0see 1a+ ;2) 03e-s' 1FB 2'516) 9BF 501) P 1'2E2
3ote: Maps are in Appendi5 =.

== *9E>
MAIN A!E """#creatio$is%#or&
#E?T @@

A-ter the 4!oo" 5 by Bill Cooper
CHAPTER
I
CHAPTER
II
CHAPTER
III
CHAPTER
IV
CHAPTER
V
CHAPTER
VI
CHAPTER
VII
CHAPTER
VIII
CHAPTER
IX
CHAPTER
X
CHAPTER
XI
CHAPTER
XII
CHAPTER
XIII
== *9E>
"The early post-flood history of
Europe traced back to Noah"
#E?T @@
AENDI7 ,
The Natio$s of 8apheth

1) 3apheth' &he -ather o- a!! the 6n"o5
Euro+ean +eo+!es, it (ou!" .e
sur+risin in"ee" i- his name ha"
one unremem.ere" amon them) As
it is, (e -in" that the ear!, %ree/s
(orshi++e" him as Iapetos, or
Iapet#s, (hom the, rear"e" as the
son o- heaven an" earth, the -ather o-
man, nations) Bi/e(ise, in the
ancient Sans/rit ve"as o- 6n"ia he is
remem.ere" as Pra-3apati$ the sun
an" ostensi.!e Bor" o- Creation) As
time (ent .,, his name (as -urther
corru+te", .ein assimi!ate" into the
3oman +antheon as I#pater, an"
eventua!!, 3#piter 0see A++en"ix 112)
9one o- these names are o- %ree/,
6n"ian or Batin oriin, .ut are mere!,
corru+tions o- the oriina! name o-
Ka+heth) Both the ear!, 6rish Ce!ts an"
the ear!, Britons trace" the "escent o-
their ro,a! houses -rom Ka+heth, as
"i" a!so the ear!, Saxons (ho
corru+te" his name to Sceaf,55+r)
8shea-8 or 8shai-8 0see cha+ter 72) 03e-s'
1FB 2'E02) 9BF 577) KA 1)vi)1) P
1'262
3ote: Appendi5 = - MAP7 are here.
2) Gomer< @e (as the -oun"er o- the Cimmerians (ho sett!e" oriina!!, on the shores o- the
Cas+ian Sea) &he, (ere !ater "riven a(a, ., the E!amites 0see Shem 22) At the time o- the
Ba.,!onian Exi!e, the Ke(s /ne( them as the tri.es that "(e!t in the 1upper%ost parts o! the north1
0EJe/ie! DE'62) &he Ass,rians re-erre" to them as the Gimirraya) Esarha""on 06E1566E BC2
recor"s his "e-eat o- the Gimirrai? (hi!st $in Ashur.ani+a! te!!s us in his recor"s o- the
Cimmerian invasion o- B,"ia 0see Shem 52 in the "a,s o- the B,"ian /in %uu aroun" the ,ear 660
BC 0see 1a+ 12) 03e-s' 1FB 2';;0) 9BF ;E1) KA 1)vi)12
D) !shchena2' &he "escen"ants o- AshchenaJ -irst sett!e" in (hat is to"a, Armenia, a!thouh in
!ater Ke(ish (ritins he (as associate" 0(ith his -ather %omer2 (ith the %ermanic races) @ence,
%ermanic Ke(s are sti!! /no(n as !sh"ena2im) 1ore imme"iate!,, the Ass,rians te!! us in their
inscri+tions o- the !s"#2a, a tri.e (ho a!!ie" themse!ves (ith the 1annai in a revo!t o- the 7th
centur, BC, an event that is a!so mentione" in the O!" &estament 0Keremiah 51'272) 6n"ee", it is in
this statement that Keremiah inci"enta!!, con-irms the i"entit, o- the Ash/enaJim (ith the As/uJa)
&his name, the As/uJa o- the Ass,rian recor"s, !ater .ecame the S"ythai 0Sc,thians2 o- @ero"otus)
Other ear!, sources con-irm their +!ace o- sett!ement to .e the area !ater /no(n as Pontus an"
B,thinia, (here the +eo+!es o- AshchenaJ ave their name to the !a/e an" har.our o- Ascanius, an"
to the !an" o- Ascania) Kose+hus te!!s us that the, (ere su.se:uent!, /no(n to the %ree/s as the
3heinians 0see 1a+ 12) 03e-s' 1FB 1'25;) 9BF 76) KA 1)vi)1) P 1'262
;) .iphath' @is "escen"ants ave their name to the 3i+haean mountains, (hich ear!,
cosmora+hers thouht o- as constitutin the then northernmost .oun"ar, o- the earth) P!in,, 1e!o
an" So!inus recor" the name o- 3i+hath as that o- the .iphaci, .iphaces an" Piphlataci (ho (ere
!ater /no(n to histor, as the Paphlagonians, the "escent an" i"enti-ication o- (hich is con-irme"
., Kose+hus 0see 1a+ 12) 03e-s' 1FB ;'100) KA 1)vi)1) P 1'262
5) Togarmah< @is ear!iest "escen"ants sett!e" in Armenia) We /no( -rom certain @ittite "ocuments
that in the 1;th centur, BC, the then reion o- Tegarama$ (hich !a, .et(een Carchemish an"
@aran, (as sac/e" ., the 8enem, -rom 6su(a8, i)e) the enem, -rom .e,on" the Eu+hrates) &he
recor"s o- .oth Saron 66 an" Sennacheri. mention the cit, o- Til-gari-man#, the ca+ita! o-
Kamman# (hich !a, on the .or"er o- &a.a! 0see 1D2) Til-gari-man# !a, some thirt, mi!es "ue east
o- +resent5"a, 1a!at,a 0it is /no(n to"a, as G@r@n, ancient!, Ga#raena2, an" (as not -ina!!,
"estro,e" unti! the ,ear 675 BC) 6t (as a-ter the "estruction o- Til-gari-man# that the "escen"ants
o- &oarmah .ecame !ost in o.scurit,) 6n !ine (ith the Ass,rian +o!ic, o- that time, the survivors
(ere u+roote" an" trans+orte" to other !an"s (ithin the Ass,rian em+ire 0see 1a+ 12) &he name
(as iven as Thr#gramma ., Kose+hus) 03e-s' 1FB ;'662) 9BF 12E5) KA 1)vi)1) P 1'262
6) Magog< @is imme"iate "escen"ants (ere /no(n as the Magogites, .ein !ater /no(n to the
%ree/s as the Sc,thians, accor"in to the testimon, o- Kose+hus) @o(ever, iven the su.se:uent
histor, o- the +eo+!es o- AshchenaJ 0see D2, (ho are -ar more certain!, i"enti-ie" as the !ater
Sc,thians 0%/) S"ythai, an" Ass,r) !s"#2a2, it is more !i/e!, that the ear!, 1aoites (ere
assimi!ate" into the +eo+!es o- AshchenaJ, thus ma/in u+ mere!, a +art o- the Sc,thian hor"es)
&he ear!, 6rish Ce!ts trace" their o(n !ineae -rom Ka+heth throuh the !ine o- 1ao 0see cha+ter 7
an" 1a+ 12) 03e-s' 1FB D'226) 9BF 8%o an" 1ao8 ;E051 KA 1)vi)1) P 1'262
7) Madai' @is "escen"ants (ere the Madaeans, (ho are .etter /no(n to us as the Medes) &he
Ass,rians recor"e" the name as Ama"aC the %ree/s as the MedaiC an" the O!" Persian inscri+tions
s+ea/ o- them as the Mada) &he ear!iest survivin re-erence to the 1e"es that is -oun" in secu!ar
"ocuments, a++ears in the inscri+tions o- Sha!maneser 666, /in o- Ass,ria -rom ca E5E5E2; BC, in
(hich he te!!s us that he inva"e" the !an" o- the 1e"es to +!un"er them o- their -ine horses) Both
Stra.o an" @ero"otus con-irm the -act that the 1e"es (ere o- 6n"o5Euro+ean 0Ka+hetic2 oriin, an"
(e /no( a!so that their !anuae (as o- this rou+) A-ter 6D1 BC, the 1e"es ?oine" (ith the +eo+!e
o- As/uJa 0or the AshchenaJim, see D2 an" those o- %omer 0the Cimmerians, see 22 in an attem+t to
thro( o-- the Ass,rian ,o/e 0see 1a+ 12) 03e-s' 1FB D'220) 9BF 81e"es8 E0152) KA 1)vi)1) P 1'262
E) 3avan< &he name o- Kavan8s "escen"ants a++ears in Ass,rian "ocuments as the Iaman#, (here
(e are to!" that the, enae" the Ass,rians in a ma?or sea .att!e "urin the rein o- $in Saron 11
07215705 BC2) &he Archaemenian inscri+tions re-er to them as the &a#na) @omer te!!s us in the
6!ia" that Iawones 0@e.re( Iawan2 (as the +roenitor o- the Ionians 0%/) Iones2, (hi!e the
@e.re(s /ne( the %ree/s as the 3evanim 0Iewanim2) Pre56s!amic Ara. cosmora+hers ave the
name as Yu.an 0see 1a+ 12) 03e-s' 1FB 2'E05) 9BF 600) KA 1)vi)1) P 1'262
7) 1lishah< @e (as the ancestor o- the !eolians, his name .ein -re:uent!, re-erre" to in %ree/
histor, an" m,tho!o,) &(o %ree/ cities (ere name" a-ter him, these .ein 1lis an" 1liss#s)
Bi/e(ise, an entire area (as name" E!ias in his memor,) @is name !ies .ehin" the oriin o- the term
/ellenic, an" there is ever, reason to .e!ieve that his name is a!so +er+etuate" in the %ree/
+ara"ise, the E!,sian 4ie!"s) &he Armana ta.!ets re-erre" to his "escen"ants as the !lashia$ the
@ittites /ne( them as the !lasiya, an" the E,+tians as !-ra-sa) Kose+hus ren"ere" the name as
1lisa) &he name a!so a++ears in the #aritic inscri+tions 0see 1a+ 12) 03e-s' 1FB 2'72) 9BF D66,
KA1) vi)!) P 1'262
10) Tarshish' &he -ather o- the +eo+!es o- &arshish, or Tartesis$ (ho are thouht ., most to have
sett!e" in S+ain) &he 1e"iterranean Sea (as once /no(n as the Sea o- &arshish, an" it is /no(n
that the Phoenicians .ui!t a c!ass o- vesse! ca!!e" a shi+ o- &arshish) 06t (as in one o- these that
Konah trie" to -!ee -rom Ko++a in the Eth centur, BC)2 Phoenician inscri+tions -oun" on Sar"inia,
an" "atin to the 7th centur, BC, mention &arshish (ithout, un-ortunate!,, +rovi"in us (ith a
+ositive i"enti-ication o- its eora+hica! !ocation) Kose+hus recor"s the name as Thars#s$ an" te!!s
that it use" to .e the name un"er (hich Ci!icia (as /no(n, the chie- an" no.!est cit, o- (hich (as
Tars#s) @o(ever, -or various reasons the i"enti-ication is un!i/e!,, an" the matter remains
unreso!ve") 03e-s' 1FB ;'517) 9BF 12D75;0) KA 1)vi)1) P 1'262
11) Kittim< &his is a co!!ective name o- a +eo+!e (ho are s+o/en o- in the O!" Phoenician
inscri+tions as the "t or "ty, an" (ho sett!e" on the is!an" o- C,+rus) &he, (ere to ive their name
to the ancient C,+riot cit, o- Kition 0mo"ern5"a, Barna/a2) &he 3omans +reserve" the name (hen
the, name" the cit, Citi#m$ an" Kose+hus ave the name as Cethim#s) 03e-s' 1FB D';051) KA
1)vi)1) P 1'262
12) +odanim' &his a!so is a co!!ective name o- a +eo+!e "escen"e" -rom Fo"an, (ho (ere /no(n
to the %ree/s as the +ardani$ the +ardanians o- Asia 1inor) &he, sett!e" initia!!, aroun" the area
o- &ro, (hose coasta! reions are /no(n to this "a, as the +ardanelles) &he -oun"er o- this +eo+!e
(as "ei-ie" ., his "escen"ants an" (orshi++e" un"er the name o- Ku+iter +odonae#s) 0@ere (e
have a min!in o- the names o- Ka+heth an" +odan)2 &he +ro+aators o- this cu!t .ui!t the cit, o-
+odona as the chie- seat o- his (orshi+) E,+tian recor"s re-er to the drdny (ho (ere a!!ie" to the
@ittites 0see @am 2D2 at the .att!e o- $a"esh) &he ear!, Britons (ere to trace their "escent -rom
+ardan#s 0A++en"ix 72) 03e-s' 1FB 1'E61) 9BF D21) P 1'262
1D) T#al' &he "escen"ants o- &u.a! -irst come to our notice in the inscri+tions o- &i!ath5+i!eser 6,
/in o- Ass,ria in a.out 1100 BC) @e re-ers to them as the Taali (hose oriina! area o- sett!ement
0i)e) Taal2 (as a"?acent to that o- &earama 0see 52) Su.se:uent!,, Kose+hus recor"e" the name o-
&u.a!8s "escen"ants as the Thoelites$ (ho (ere !ater /no(n as the Ieres) &heir !an", in Kose+hus8
"a,, (as ca!!e" ., the 3omans Ieria, an" covere" (hat is no( the 0-ormer Soviet2 state o-
%eoria (hose ca+ita! to this "a, .ears the name &u.a! as Tilisi) 4rom here, havin crosse" the
Caucasus mountains, this +eo+!e mirate" "ue north5east, ivin their tri.a! name to the river
Tool, an" hence to the -amous cit, o- &o.o!s/) 03e-s' 1FB ;'717) 9BF 81eshech8 E11) KA1) vi)12
1;) Meshech< &he "escen"ants o- 1eshech are o-ten s+o/en o- in c!ose association (ith those o-
&u.a!, the Ass,rians -or exam+!e mentionin Taal an" M#s"#$ (hi!st @ero"otus (rites o- the
Tieranoi an" Moschoi) A ver, much ear!ier re-erence to the +eo+!es o- 1eshech, is an inscri+tion
o- ca 1200 BC (hich te!!s us ho( the, overran the @ittite /in"omC an" an inscri+tion o- &i!ath5
+i!eser 6 o- Ass,ria -rom ca 1100 BC, (ho te!!s us that, in his o(n "a,, the M#s-"a-a-ia (ere a.!e
to +ut into the -ie!" an arm, o- 20,000 men) &he activities o- this same +eo+!e are a!so su.se:uent!,
re+orte" ., &u/u!ti5ninurta 66, Ashurnasi+a! 66, Saron an" Sha!maneserr 666, the !ast o- (hom re-ers
to them as the M#sh"i) Kose+hus /ne( them as the Mosocheni 0BGG Mosoch2, (hom, he sa,s,
(ere /no(n in his o(n "a, as the Cappadocians) Some !ater (riters have +ointe" out that the
name o- 1eshech is +reserve" in the o!" tri.a! name o- the M#scovites o- 3ussia, a-ter (hom
Moscow is name") Such an i"enti-ication, it must .e sai", is not at a!! un!i/e!,, es+ecia!!, (hen (e
consi"er the su.se:uent histor, o- their historica!!, c!ose associates the +eo+!e o- &u.a!, an" the
-act that the cit, is sti!! /no(n to"a, in the 3ussian tonue as Mos"va, an excee"in!, c!ose, not to
sa, i"entica! re!ationshi+ to the Ass,rian -orm, M#s"#) 03e-s' 1FB D'D57) 9BF E11) KA!) vi)!) P
1'262
15) Tiras< 1eren+tah o- E,+t, (ho reine" "urin the 1Dth centur, BC, +rovi"es us (ith (hat is
so -ar our ear!iest re-erence to the +eo+!e o- &iras, recor"in their name as the T#rsha 0or
T#r#sha2, an" re-errin to them as inva"ers -rom the north) &he %ree/s !ater /ne( them as the
Tyrsenoi, a nation o- marau"in +irates) Kose+hus i"enti-ies them as the tri.e (ho (ere /no(n to
the 3omans as the Thirasians, an" (ho (e no( /no( as the Thracians) &he, (ere a 8ru"", an"
.!ue5e,e" +eo+!e8, (ho s+ent most o- their time in state o- 8ti+s, excess8, as one authorit, +ut it>
&iras himse!- (as (orshi++e" ., his "escen"ants as Th#ras 0i)e) Thor2, the o" o- (ar) &he river
!thyras (as name" a-ter him, an" it is not at a!! un!i/e!, that the Etruscans, a nation o- hitherto
m,sterious +rovenance, o(e to him .oth their name an" "escent) &he ancient cit, o- &roas 0&ro,2
a++ears to +er+etuate his name, as "oes a!so the &aurus mountain rane) 03e-s' 1FB ;'652) 9BF
12ED) KA 1)vi)1) P 1'262
!ppendi, : - M!PS
== *9E>
MAIN A!E """#creatio$is%#or&
#E?T @@


A-ter the 4!oo" 5 by Bill Cooper
CHAPTER
I
CHAPTER
II
CHAPTER
III
CHAPTER
IV
CHAPTER
V
CHAPTER
VI
CHAPTER
VII
CHAPTER
VIII
CHAPTER
IX
CHAPTER
X
CHAPTER
XI
CHAPTER
XII
CHAPTER
XIII
== *9E>
"The early post-flood history of
Europe traced back to Noah"
#E?T @@
AENDI7 -
1ur9i9i$& M11 of the early *elsh Chro$icles
6ased on Griscom%s list$ pp) ABC-ADD) See Biliography*
The National 0irary of Wales$ !erystwyth
1) Finesto( Court 1anuscri+t 5 ear!, 1Dth cent)
2) Peniarth 1S) ;; V @en) D15 0+re,) 212 5 ear!, 1Dth cent)
D) Peniarth 1S) ;5 V @en) 5D6 0+re,) 272 5 !ate 1Dth cent)
;) Peniarth 1S) ;6 V @en) 27 5 ear!, 1;th cent)
5) Peniarth 1S) 21 @en) 50 0+re,) 162 5 ear!, 1;th cent)
6) Peniarth 1S) 17 V @en) 15 5 c) 1;00)
7) Peniarth 1S) 22 V @en) D1E 5 1;;;)
E) Pemarth 1S) 2; V @en) 175 5 1;77)
7) Peniarth 1S) 2D V @en) D1D 5 mi") 15th cent)
10) Peniarth 1S) 25 V @en) D05 5 c) 1500)
11) Peniarth 1S) 212 @en) D17 5 c) 1565)
12) Peniarth 1S) 16E @en) ;D7 5 15E7570)
1D) Peniarth 1S) 11E V @en) 51E 5 !ate 16th cent)
1;) Peniarth 1S) 261 V @en) ;;6 5 16th cent)
15) Peniarth 1S) 260 V @en) ;;2 5 16th cent)
16) Peniarth 1S) 162 V @en) D5; 5 !ate 16th cent)
17) Peniarth 1S) 266 V @en) 55 0+re,) D2 5 16D;)
1E) Peniarth 1S) D1; V @en) 27D 0+re,) E7 an" 212 5 16D;516;1)
17) Peniarth 1S) 26; V @en) 272 0+re,) 2, 55 an" BG2 516D5 5 6)
20) Peniarth 1S) 265 V @en) ;D7 0+re,) i, 72 an" B6=2 516;1)
21) Peniarth 1S) 270 V @en) 5D0 5 A
22) B!anste+han 1S) 1 V Shir.urn Cast!e 1S) 11D C) 1E 5ear!, 1Dth cent)
2D) B!anste+han 1S) S V Shir.urn Cast!e 1S) D; 5 ear!, 1;th cent)
2;) B!anste+han 1S) 1EE 5 mi") 16th cent)
25) B!anste+han 1S) 175 5 c) 1570)
26) B!anste+han 1S) 57 V Shir.urn Cast!e C) 7 5 !ate 16th cent)
27) BianstePhan 1S) 127 V Shir.uru Cast!e F) 17 5 ear!, 17th cent)
2E) B!anste+han 1S) 1D7 V Shir.urn Cast!e F) 12 5 c) 16;0)
27) B!anste+han 1S) 1;7 V Shir.urn Cast!e F) 15) 5 c) 1700
D0) 1ost,n 1S) 117 5 !ate 1Dth cent)
D1) 1ost,n 1S) 116 5 ear!, 1;th cent)
D2) 1ost,n 1S) 107 5 16th cent)
DD) 1ost,n 1S) 157 5 15E657)
D;) 1ost,n 1S) 115 5 17th cent)
D5) 1ost,n 1S) 211 5 c) 16E5)
D6) Panton 1S) 7 5 c) 1760)
D7) Panton 1S) 6E 5 1Eth cent)
DE) 4he Boo+ o! Basinger+ 1S) 0a!ias 4he Bla#+ Boo+ o! Basinger+ Abbey2 5 1;th an" 15th
cents)
D7) A""itiona! 1S) 1D 5 B V Wi!!iams 1S) 216 5 ear!, 17th cent)
;0) A""itiona! 1S) 11 5 F Wi!!iams 1S) 21D 5 167;)
;1) A""itiona! 1S) D12 Wi!!iams 1S) 51; 5 ear!, 1Eth cent)
;2) A""itiona! 1S) 2D 5 B Wi!!iams 1S) 227 5 c) 1775)

5ree P#lic 0irary$ Cardiff$ Wales
;D) Car"i-- 0@avo"2 1S) 1 5 ear!, 1;th cent)
;;) Car"i-- 0@avo"2 1S) 2 5 15th cent 1or earlier1.
;5) Car"i-- 0@avo"2 1S) 21 5 16;1)
;6) Car"i-- 1S) 21 V Phi!!i++s 1D720, +art 666 5 1567)
;7) Car"i-- 1S) 61 V 0&onn 212 5 17D;)
;E) Car"i-- 1S) 62 V 0&onn 222 5 175;)

3es#s College 0irary$ (,ford
;7) 1S) CG6 V 1, @ist) 1SS) Coin), Report o! M77 in the :elsh -ang 5 c) 1DE0)
50) 1S) CGB6 V 6, @ist) 1SS) Corn), Report o! M77 in the :elsh -ang 5 c) 1;71)
51) 1S) BG6 V E, @ist) 1SS) Coin), Report o! M77 in the :elsh -ang 0a/a the 4ysilio Chronic!e2 5
!ate 15th cent)
52) 1S) GG=666 V 17 @ist) 1SS) Coin) 5 1675)

British M#se#m$ 0ondon
5D) A""itiona! 1S) 17,707 V 1S) 1;, @ist) 1SS) Corn) 5ear!, 1;th cent)
5;) Cotton, C!eo+atra B) =), V 1S) 15, @ist) 1SS) Corn) 51;th cent)
55) A""itiona! 1S) 1;,70D V 1S) 17, @ist) 1SS) Corn) 5 ear!, 16th cent)
56) A""itiona! 1S) 15,566 V 1S) 16, @ist) 1SS) Corn) 5 !ate 16th cent)
57) A""itiona! 1S) 1;,E72 V 1S) ;1, @ist) 1SS) Corn) 5 +ost 16D2)
5E) A""itiona! 1S) 15,00D 5 1Eth cent)
&he a.ove !ist o- chronic!es that ive the histor, o- the ear!, Britons, constitutes a rather !are
+ercentae o- the tota! num.er o- We!sh manuscri+ts that have come "o(n to us -rom me"ieva!
times) %iven that the, are a!! cata!oue" in easi!, accessi.!e co!!ections, it is astonishin that even
their ver, existence oes unmentione" ., most scho!ars (ho are a(are o- them, an" that British
histor, +rior to 55 BC remains a .!an/ +ae) But +erha+s their ac/no(!e"ement (ou!" !ea" the
recor"e" histor, o- the ear!, Britons uncom-orta.!, .ac/ to %enesis, an" that is a conce+t that
mo"ernism sim+!, cou!" not accommo"ate)


== *9E>
MAIN A!E """#creatio$is%#or&
#E?T @@

A-ter the 4!oo" 5 by Bill Cooper
CHAPTER
I
CHAPTER
II
CHAPTER
III
CHAPTER
IV
CHAPTER
V
CHAPTER
VI
CHAPTER
VII
CHAPTER
VIII
CHAPTER
IX
CHAPTER
X
CHAPTER
XI
CHAPTER
XII
CHAPTER
XIII
== *9E>
"The early post-flood history of
Europe traced back to Noah"
#E?T @@
AENDI7 .
The :ati$ Te2t ;a$d tra$slatio$< of Ne$$iu$ (3 a$d (4
&translation is belo original te5t,
Cap) EFII
A!iu" ex+erimenttini inueni "e isto Bruto ex ueteri.us !i.ris ueterum nostrorum)
&res -i?i 9oe "iuiserunt or.em in tres +artes +ost Fi!uuium) Sem in AsiaC Chain in A-ricaC !a-eth in
Euro+a "i!itauerunt terminos suos) Primus homo uenit a" Euro+am "e enere !a-eth A!anus cum
tri.us -ihis suis :uorum nomina sunt @essitio, Armeno, 9eue) @essitio autem ha.uit -ihios :uat5
tuor hi sunt 4rancus, 3omanus, Britto, A!.anus) Armenon autem ha.uit :uin:ue -i.s, %othus,
=a!aothus, %e.i"us, Burun"us) 9eue autem ha.uit tres -ihios, Wan"a!us, Saxo, Bouarus) A.
@isitione autem ortae sunt :uattuor entes, 4ranci, Batini, A!.ani, et Britti) A. Armenone autem
:um:ue, %othi, Wa!aothi, %e.i"i, Burun"i, Bano.ar"i) A 9euio uero :uattuor, Bouarii,
=an"a!i, Saxones, et &urini) Bstae autem entes su."iuisae sunt +er totam Euro+am) A!anus autem
ut aiunt -ihius -uit 4ete.ir, -!u Ouomun, -ihi &hoi, -!u Boi., -!u Simeon, -i?i 1air, -!u Ethach, -!u
Aurthach, -i!ii Ecthet, -!u 0th, -i?i A.ir, -!u 3ea, -i!ii EJra, -ihi 6Jrau, -.i Baath, -!u 6o.aath, -!u
!ovan, -!u !a-eth, -!u 9oe, -!u Bamech, -!u 1atusa!em, -!u Enoch, -!u !areth, -in 1a!a!ee!, -ihi
Cainan, -!u Enos, -i?i Seth, -!u A"am, -i?i Fei vivi) @anc +eritiam inueni ex tra"itione ueterum)
Cap) EFIII
Lui inco!ae in +rimo -uerunt Bnttanniae) Brittones a Bruto) Brutus -i!ius @isitionis, @isition A!anei)
A!aneus -i!ius 3eae Si!viac, 3ea Si!via -i!ia 9umae Pam+iii, -!u Ascanu, Ascanius -i!ius Aeneae, -!u
Anchisae, -i!i &roi, -i!i Far"ani, -!u E!se, -i!i 6uuani, -!u Ka-eth) !a-eth uero ha.uit se+tern -i.s)
Primus Corner, a :uo %a!!iC secun"us 1ao, a :uo Sc,thas et %othosC tertius 1a"ai, a :uo 1e"osC
:uartus 6uuan, a :uo %raeciC :uintus &u.a!, a :uo @i.erei et @is+ani et 6ta!C sextus 1osoch, a :uo
Ca++a"ocesC se+timus &iras, a :uo &races) @i sunt -!u !a-eth, -ihi 9oe, -.i Bamech)
Translation
Chapter Seventeen
6 -oun" another ex+!anation concernin this Brutus in the ancient .oo/s o- our e!"ers'
A-ter the 4!oo", the three sons o- 9oah "ivi"e" the earth into three +arts) Shem 0sett!e"2 in AsiaC
@am in A-rica, 0an"2 Ka+heth ex+an"e" his .or"ers in Euro+e) A!anus, o- the !ine o- Ka+heth, 0(as2
the -irst man (ho came to Euro+e (ith his three sons, (hose names (ere @essitio, Armenon an"
9eue) 9o(, @essitio ha" -our sons, 4rancus, 3omanus, Britto 0an"2 A!.anus) &hen Armenon ha"
-ive sons, %othus, Wa!aothus, %e+i"us, Burun"us Hnote' the name Bano.ar"us shou!" have .een
iven hereI) 0An"2 9eue ha" three sons, Wan"a!us, Saxo 0an"2 Bouarus) 4our nations, then, are
arisen -rom @essitio' the 4ran/s, the Batins, the A!.ans an" the Britons) &hen, -rom Armenon
0come2 -ive 0nations2' the %oths, the =a!aoths, the %e+i"s, the Burun"ians 0an"2 the Bom.ar"s)
0An"2 -rom 9eue 0come2 -our 0nations2' the Bavarians, the =an"a!s, the Saxons an" the
&hurinians) 0An"2 these nations are su."ivi"e" throuhout a!! Euro+e) A!anus, it is sai", (as the
son o- 4ete.ir, 0(ho (as2 the son o- Ouomun, 0(ho (as2 the son o- &hous, 0(ho (as2 the son o-
Boi., the son o- Simeon, 0(ho (as2 the son o- 1air, the son o- Ethach, 0(ho (as2 the son o-
Aurthach, the son o- Ecthet, 0(ho (as2 the son o- Oth, the son o- A.ir, 0(ho (as2 the son o- 3ea,
the son o- EJra, 0(ho (as2 the son o- 6Jrau, the son o- Baath, 0(ho (as2 the son o- 6o.aath, the son
o- Kavan, 0(ho (as2 the son o- Ka+heth, the son o- 9oah, 0(ho (as2 the son o- Bamech, the son o-
1ethuse!ah, 0(ho (as2 the son o- Enoch, the son o- Kare", 0(ho (as2 the son o- 1aha!a!ee!, the son
o- Cainan, 0(ho (as2 the son o- Enos, the son o- Seth, 0(ho (as2 the son o- A"am, the chi!" o- the
!ivin %o") 6 -oun" this teachin in the tra"ition o- the e!"ers)
Chapter 1ighteen
&he -irst inha.itants o- Britain (ere the Britons 0so name"2 -rom Brutus) Brutus (as the son o-
@essitio) @essitio 0(as the son o-2 A!anus) A!anus 0(as2 the son o- 3hea Si!via, 0(ho (as2 the
"auhter o- 9uma Pom+i!ius, the son o- Ascanius) Ascanius 0(as2 the son o- Aeneas, the son o-
Anchises, 0(ho (as2 the son o- &rous, the son o- Far"anus, 0(ho (as2 the son o- E!ishah, the son
o- Kavan, 0(ho (as2 the son o- Ka+heth) Ka+heth, in -act, ha" seven sons, the -irst 0.ein2 %omer,
-rom (hom 0came2 the %au!s) &he secon" (as 1ao, -rom (hom 0came2 the Sc,thians an" the
%oths) &he thir" 0son (as2 1a"ai, -rom (hom 0came2 the 1e"es) &he -ourth 0son (as2 Kavan, -rom
(hom 0came2 the 06onian2 %ree/s) 0An"2 the -i-th (as &u.a!, -rom (hom 0came2 the 6.erians, the
S+anish an" the 6ta!ians) &he sixth 0(as2 1eshech, -rom (hom 0came2 the Ca++a"ocians) 0An"2 the
seventh 0son (as2 &iras, -rom (hom 0came2 the &hracians) &hese are the sons o- Ka+heth, the son o-
9oah, 0(ho (as2 the son o- Bamech) 01, trans!ation2

== *9E>
MAIN A!E """#creatio$is%#or&
#E?T @@

A-ter the 4!oo" 5 by Bill Cooper
CHAPTER
I
CHAPTER
II
CHAPTER
III
CHAPTER
IV
CHAPTER
V
CHAPTER
VI
CHAPTER
VII
CHAPTER
VIII
CHAPTER
IX
CHAPTER
X
CHAPTER
XI
CHAPTER
XII
CHAPTER
XIII
== *9E>
"The early post-flood history of
Europe traced back to Noah"
#E?T @@
AENDI7 0
The Mol%uti$e :a"s a$d a&a$ +ritai$
Introd#ction
&he -o!!o(in is an account o- the !a( an" societ, as the, stoo" in ancient Britain "urin the
centuries +rece"in the 3oman invasion o- 55 BC) 6t is .ase" u+on the survivin !a(s o- /in
F,-na! 1oe! 1," 0Funva!!o 1o!mutius2, (ho reine" in the 5th5;th centuries BC) &he account,
-rom ++) 2052; o- 4!in"ers Petrie8s +a+er, 012 .ears re+eate" rea"in, -or it revea!s a !eve! o- cu!ture
an" !iterac, amonst the ear!, Britons that is :uite un!i/e the +o+u!ar imae that has .een cu!tivate"
in recent ,ears ., the mo"ernist treatment o- British histor,) 6t a!so s+ea/s vo!umes -or the
existence o- a /in (hom mo"ernists have a!(a,s sai" (as a m,thica! -iure, an" it revea!s our
ancestors to have .een a hih!, cu!tivate" an" civi!ise" +eo+!e, an" not the i!!iterate +ainte" savaes
o- +o+u!ar -ame)
The Molm#tine 0aws and Pagan Britain
y 5linders Petrie
&he con"ition o- +aan Britain is remar/a.!, +reserve" in the !a(s o- F,vna! 1oe!mu") &hat these
!a(s are certain!, !on .e-ore the tenth centur, is +rove" ., the u!- that exists .et(een the state o-
societ, sho(n ., them an" that o- the !a(s o- @o(e! -ixe" to AF 71;) &he !a(s o- @o(e! sho( a
hih!, com+!ex an" "etai!e" con"ition o- !a(, an" an e!a.orate ro,a! court, (ith the rihts o-
o--icia!s minute!, -ixe") 6n the !a(s o- 1oe!mu" there is ver, sim+!e !a(, a!(a,s su.?ect to +rove"
custom an" to a"a+tation to circumstanceC there is no ro,a! court, an" ver, -e( o--icia!s, (ith no
"e-ine" c!aims) 1oreover, the !a(s o- @o(e! re-er .ac/ to 1oe!mu") What ta/es the !a(s o-
1oe!mu" at !east to 3oman times is that the, are +ure!, Paan, an" the on!, Christian a!!usion is an
a""ition to the -orms o- !ea! oath, sa,in that 86n su.se:uent times the -orm o- oath (as iven .,
the &en Comman"ments, the %os+e! o- St) Kohn, an" the .!esse" Cross8 0no) 2172) &his stam+s the
+revious oaths an" the rest o- the !a(s as o- the +aan +erio", an" there-ore at !east o- the thir"
centur,, as British .isho+s atten"e" the Counci! o- Aries in AF D1;) @o( much -arther .ac/ these
!a(s ma, "ate, to(ar"s the tra"itiona! time o- 1oe!mu", the -ourth or seventh centur, BC, (e
cannot no( en:uire) Pro.a.!, the, (ere o- ra"ua! accretion, .ut a++arent!, no +art comes un"er
the in-!uence o- Christian usae) We can, then, at !east acce+t the +icture o- societ, here sho(n as
.ein that o- the Britons un"er the ear!ier +art o- the 3oman "ominion) O- the t(o series o- !ea!
tria"s, the short -irst series, 15D;, is here mar/e" AC 022 the !on series is sim+!, num.ere" 152;E)
0D2 S/ene arees to the !a(s o- @o(e! .ein o- the tenth centur,, .ut never mentions those o-
1oe!mu") Ste+hens asserts that the !a(s o- 1oe!mu" (ere certain!, not com+ose" ear!ier than the
sixteenth centur,) What (riter o- that "ate (ou!" -ore a consistent .o", o- +unitive tri.a! !a(,
entire!, +aan in character, an" (h, an, one shou!" "o so (hen the !a(s o- @o(e! (ere ce!e.rate"
an" +riJe", are :uestions inore" ., the eas, assertion o- a !ate "ate -or (hich no reason is iven)
4irst (e ma, note the !a(s re-errin to the state o- societ,) Wherever !itt!e chi!"ren, "os, an"
+ou!tr, are -oun", the +!ace has a riht to the +rivi!ee o- the court an" the sacre" +!ace 0E72) &he
-ie!"s (ere +rivate +ro+ert,, .ut cu!tivate" in common ti!!ae 0A 52) &he (i!" !an" (as tri.a!
+ro+ert,, -ree -or (oo"5cuttin, huntin, an" atherin acorns to -ee" +is 01;22C .ut it cou!" not .e
ta/en into cu!tivation (ithout consent o- the !or" an" his court 01012) 6ron mines (ere common
+ro+ert,C .ut the ore "u out (as +rivate 0;72) A +ermit (as nee"e" to shi-t the -ami!, (aon or
.oothC i- "one (ithout +ermission, the mover !ost a!! rihts, !i/e a crimina! or -oreiner 0A DD2) &he
on!, enera! movement a!!o(e" (as that o- the +u.!ic she+her" o- the to(nshi+, or the chase o-
(i!" .easts ., the +u.!ic horn, or o- .ar"s s+rea"in /no(!e"e) But .an/ru+t men (ho ha" no /in
or !an" (ere -ree to trave! 0A 2E2) &hus the oraniJe" societ, (as he!" toether)
&he i"ea o- the .on"s o- societ, (as ver, stron) &he mutua! .on"s o- a socia! state are e:ua!
+rotection, ti!!ae, ari" !a( 0;52) &he "uties o- +u.!ic he!+, (hich ever, +erson must ren"er, are in
invasion, the +u.!ic cr, o- .ase "ee"s or mur"er, an" -ire 0A 152) Societ, is "isoraniJe" .,
o++ressive +rivi!ee, un?ust "ecision in !a(, an" ne!ience a!!o(in reu!ations to .e "estro,e"
0D12) &he tri.a! .on" is .ro/en u+ ., -amine, earth:ua/e, -!oo", or con:uest, an" the tri.e must
.ein to -orm a ne( socia! state 0A D22)
6n more +ersona! matters no arms miht .e sho(n in a convention o- the countr, an" !or", or
convention o- in"e+en"ence, or convention o- the .ar"s 05E2) &he thins in"is+ensa.!e to a -ree man
(ere his tunic, har+ an" /ett!e) &he in"is+ensa.!es o- a vassa! (ere his hearthstone, .i!!5hoo/ an"
trouh 02D7, 2;02) &he +ro+ert, o- (hich a man miht not .e "e+rive" (ere his (i-e, chi!"ren,
c!othes, arms, an" im+!ements o- the +rivi!ee" arts 05D2) &he three ornaments o- a tri.e (ere a
.oo/, a har+, an" a s(or", an" the, cou!" not .e "istraine" ., !a( 05;2) &he here"itar, o(ner o-
!an" cou!" a!(a,s rec!aim it a-ter sa!e ., o--erin the va!ue 07D2) &his +roves that strict!, +rivate
o(nershi+ co5existe" (ith ti!!ae in common)
%overnment (as not "es+otic, an" the chie- or /in (as har"!, more than a s+o/esman) &he chie-
(as the o!"est e--icient man in the tri.e 0EE, 1652) &he meetin o- a countr, cou!" .e ca!!e" .,
+u.!ic +roc!amation, not on!, ., the /in or !or" o- the "istrict, or the chie- o- a tri.e, .ut a!so ., a
-ami!, re+resentative 01712) &here (ere three +rivi!ee" conventions55-irst, that o- the .ar"s -or
soun" instruction on virtue, (is"om, an" hos+ita!it,, to recor" events, actions, an" +e"irees, an"
+roc!aim !a(sC secon", that o- the countr, an" !or" -or court o- !a(C thir", -or in"e+en"ence, to
esta.!ish harmon, ., mutua! reason an" areement o- countr, an" countr,, +rince an" +rince, vote
an" vote 057, 612) &he reasons -or ta/in the vote o- the countr, (ere to enact or re+ea! a !a(, to
ive ?u"ement (hen the !a( is insu--icient, an" ., the +rivi!ee o- the countr, to uar" aainst
i!!ea! measures ., o++osin the o--en"ers 01612) &he consent o- the countr, (as nee"e" to
a.roate the /in8s !a(, to "ethrone the soverein, an" to teach ne( sciences an" ne( reu!ations in
the convention o- the .ar"s 06D2) &he native rihts o- a!! -ree.orn men an" (omen (ere the i-t an"
-ree use o- -ive acres o- !an" 0eiht En!ish acres2, the carr,in o- arms, an" a vote to a man at
+u.ert,, an" to a (oman (hen she marries 0652) A (oman a!so ha" the +rivi!ee that i- she ha" a
son ., a -oreiner aainst her consent, as (hen in the +o(er o- -oreiners in an, (a,, ., tri.a!
or"er or acci"ent, her son inherite" as a -ree man, a!thouh a -oreiner cou!" not inherit +rivi!ees
o- -ree men -or nine enerations 01162) Each eneration o- .on"men or -oreiners that marrie" a
-ree.orn (oman aine" one "eree o- the nine necessar, -or -ree"om)
Ba( (as .ut custom en-orce") 8&here are three +i!!ars o- the !a(' custom .e-ore recor" an"
tra"itionC the /in throuh !ea! authorit,C an" the "ecision o- the countr, ., vote (here there has
.een neither custom nor !a(8 01552) &hree /in"s o- custom are to .e maintaine"' -irst, the custom
that sets the !a( asi"eC secon", custom that exce!s !a(, .ut !imite" to !oca! useC thir", custom (hich
exce!s !a( in the s+ecia! circumstances, to .e con-irme" ., the ver"ict o- the countr, 02E2) &hree
thins miht su+erse"e !a(' acts o- the /in to en-orce truth or ?usticeC +rivi!ee, (hich nothin can
removeC an" a contract (ith (itnesses) &he ?u"e (as to use his "iscretion (i"e!,C he must /no(
the !a(, /no( the customs so that !a( ma, not in?ure them, an" /no( the ten"encies o- his times
an" their conse:uences, !eavin a (i"e o+enin -or ?u"e5ma"e !a( 0122)
&he court consiste" essentia!!, o- the /in, or !or", to !isten an" "ec!are (hat the sense o- the !a(
an" its a++!ication is, the ?u"e to hear the evi"ence an" "eci"e on (hat is +rove" o- the -acts, the
c!er/ to (rite the +!ea"ins 020;, 2102 an" to "estro, the recor" a-ter the cause is -inishe" 01D02)
&his entire!, +revente" a ro(th o- !a( ., +rece"ents as in En!an")
Bearnin (as reat!, res+ecte") Privi!ee o- su++ort (as iven to ran/, to .ar"s or teachers, an" to
or+hans 0A 122) &he -ree man must su++ort a (i-e, a!so a -ihtin man i- he "oes not -iht himse!-,
an" a -ami!, tutor 0E12) &he -ami!, teacher (as exem+t -rom a!! manua! (or/, .earin arms, or
cu!tivation, !i/e in-ants an" the ae" 0552) &he +rivi!ee" arts, that ive com+!ete !i.ert,, are
.ar"ism, meta!!ur,, an" !earnin or !iterature) &hose (ho +ro-ess these have an extra -ive acres o-
!an" .esi"es their -ive acres as -ree men 06E, 712) &he smith, mason, an" car+enter a!! ha" e:ua!
rihts 07D2) 9o .on"man (as to !earn the arts o- -reemenC i- he "i" so he (as -ree 0672, .ut his sons
reverte" to .on"ae 0702) @ere"itar, !earnin there-ore /e+t the -ami!, -ree, .e-ore the nine
enerations o- .on"ae (ere over)
&he most remar/a.!e +art o- the !a( (as the res+ect to -oreiners) A -oreiner un"er the +rotection
o- the tri.e must .e assiste" in trave! 0A E2) @e (as as a tra"er not to .e o++resse" or in?ure" thouh
s+ea/in a .ar.arous tonue 07E2) &he -oreiner +ractisin arts o.taine" the status o- -reeman in the
thir" eneration 0702) @e (as to .e a!!o(e" an a"vocate in !a( courts 02072, +rotection an" su++ort
-rom the taxes 02072, an" to .e excuse" in case o- ca+ita! crime, as inorant 02D2) 6n case he (as
shi+(rec/e" on the coast he ha" -ree maintenance 017E, 1772)
&hese !a(s ive a remar/a.!e vie( o- a communit, (ith the reatest res+ect -or (ea/ness an"
mis-ortune, hih rihts -or (omen, -u!! consi"eration -or -oreiners, an" reat +rivi!ee -or
!earnin, -or the arts, an" the cra-ts) Socia! "ut, (as stron!, he!", an" the -u!! +o(er reste" on the
vote o- ever, -ree man an" (oman, even to "e+osin the /in) Arms (ere +rohi.ite" civi! assem.!,,
an" the har+ (as as necessar, to a -ree man his coat an" his coo/in5+ot) &he (ho!e air is that o-
sim+!e con"itions an" a -ree !i-e, (ith much +ersona! cu!tivation an" s,m+ath, in enera! con"uct)
6t (ou!" .e im+ossi.!e to +ro"uce such a co"e -rom a savae or vio!ent +eo+!e, an" this intimate
vie( o- their !i-e is the .est roun" -or ?u"in o- their :ua!ities) &hat there (as enera!!, a (e!!5
oraniJe" +eace /e+t in the countr, is sho(n ., Caesar8s statement that 8the num.er o- the +eo+!e is
count!ess, an" their .ui!"ins excee"in!, numerous)8

Notes
1) 4!in"ers Petrie, W)1) 3egle#ted British 0istory) Proc) Brit) Aca"em,) 1717) =o!) =666) ++) 152E)
2) Pro.ert, W) 0trans2) 4he An#ient -as o! Ca%bria) 1E2D) ++) E51;)
D) ibid. ++) 155E7)


== *9E>
MAIN A!E """#creatio$is%#or&
#E?T @@

CHAPTER
I
CHAPTER
II
CHAPTER
III
CHAPTER
IV
CHAPTER
V
CHAPTER
VI
CHAPTER
VII
A-ter the 4!oo" 5 by Bill Cooper
CHAPTER
VIII
CHAPTER
IX
CHAPTER
X
CHAPTER
XI
CHAPTER
XII
CHAPTER
XIII
== *9E>
"The early post-flood history of
Europe traced back to Noah"
#E?T @@
AENDI7 3
The !e$ealo&y of the early +ritish /i$&s
&he -o!!o(in enea!o, sho(s the "escent o- the ear!, British /ins as it (as trace" "o(n -rom
Ka+heth, the son o- 9oah) &he sources -or this are 9ennius 17 an" 1E 0see A++en"ix 52, coverin
-rom Ka+heth to BrutusC an" %eo--re, o- 1onmouth (ho carries the stor, on -rom Anchises) &o
ain an i"ea o- the time5sca!e invo!ve", 6 have inc!u"e" the "ates o- each /in8s -irst ,ear o- rein as
-ar as that can .e ca!cu!ate" -rom interna! an" externa! sources) &he We!sh chronic!e arees (ith
%eo--re, o- 1onmouth a!most exact!,, a!thouh the names are o.vious!, c!oser in the We!sh to the
oriina! ear!, British -orms than the, are in %eo--re,) 4or ease, 6 have use" here %eo--re,8s !atinise"
-orms)
== *9E>
MAIN A!E """#creatio$is%#or&
#E?T @@

A-ter the 4!oo" 5 by Bill Cooper
CHAPTER
I
CHAPTER
II
CHAPTER
III
CHAPTER
IV
CHAPTER
V
CHAPTER
VI
CHAPTER
VII
CHAPTER
VIII
CHAPTER
IX
CHAPTER
X
CHAPTER
XI
CHAPTER
XII
CHAPTER
XIII
== *9E>
"The early post-flood history of
Europe traced back to Noah"
#E?T @@
AENDI7 4
The Desce$t of the East 1a2o$ /i$&s

&he enea!o, o- the East Saxon /ins 0-rom (hom
the En!ish count, o- Essex "erives its name2 (as
"iscovere" com+arative!, recent!,) 6t (as .ein use"
as +art o- the .in"in o- an o!" .oo/) @o(ever, it (as
ha++i!, retrieve" an" +u.!ishe" ., S(eet in &he
Ear!iest En!ish &exts) 0Ox-or" #niv) Press) 1EE5) +)
1772) 6n the oriina! "ocument the enea!o, is set out
as -o!!o(s, the !etters a++earin here in +arentheses
.e!onin to those sma!! +ortions o- the "ocument that
ha" .een cut a(a, (hen .in"in the .oo/'
"e rei.us orienta!ium seaxonum
(ffa sighering$ sighere sigerhting$ sigerht
s6aweard*ing$ saweard saerhting$ saert
sledding$ sle6dd* aescwining$ aescwine offing$ offa
edcing$ edca sigef#gling$ sigef#gi swaepping$
swaeppa antsecging$ ants6ecg* gesecging$ gesecg
sea,ileting)
item "e rei.us orienta!ium seaxonum
Swithred sigem#nding$ sigem#nd sigeharding$
si6gehard* seing$ see sea,reding$ sea,red
sa6erhti*ng$ saerht sledding)
item "e rei.us orienta!ium seoxo0num2
Sigered sigericing$ sigeric selereding$ selered
sigeerhting$ sigeerht sige6aldi*ng$ sigeald
selerferthing$ selerferth sigeferthing$ sea,ing$ sea,a
sledding)
)))a!! o- (hich trans!ates, in to"a,8s enea!oica! terms, into the a.ove ta.!e o- "escent) &he +oint
most (orth, o- consi"eration here, ho(ever, is the metho" use" ., the ear!, Saxons -or
sa-euar"in aainst omissions an" acci"enta! re+eats 0or 8scri.a! "ou.!ets8 as the, are /no(n2, the
ver, thins, in -act, that mo"ernist scho!ars assure us ren"er these !ists untrust(orth,) A!thouh the
s,stem (as not one hun"re" +er cent -oo!+roo- 0(hat s,stem isA2, it (as neverthe!ess so sim+!e, it
(as inenious) As an exercise, tr, co+,in out the !ist as it is !ai" out in the oriina!) Whi!e s+e!!in
mista/es ma, (e!! occur, ,ou (i!! see that it is virtua!!, im+ossi.!e to omit a name or acci"enta!!,
re+eat it, -or each name is (ritten t(ice, once (ith the su--ix 5ing 0(hich sim+!, means son of2, an"
once (ithout it)
6n"ee", not on!, the (ritten recor" (as secure" aainst error ., this metho" o- recor"in, .ut ora!
transmission (as ma"e that much easier an" more "e+en"a.!e ., the +oetic rh,thm that (as set u+
., recitin the names thus)

== *9E>
MAIN A!E """#creatio$is%#or&
#E?T @@


A-ter the 4!oo" 5 by Bill Cooper
CHAPTER
I
CHAPTER
II
CHAPTER
III
CHAPTER
IV
CHAPTER
V
CHAPTER
VI
CHAPTER
VII
CHAPTER
VIII
CHAPTER
IX
CHAPTER
X
CHAPTER
XI
CHAPTER
XII
CHAPTER
XIII
== *9E>
"The early post-flood history of
Europe traced back to Noah"
#E?T @@
AENDI7 5
The 'istorical Characters of +eo"ulf
Introd#ction
=irtua!!, ever, e"ition o- the Beo(u!- e+ic 0an" virtua!!, ever, commentar, on the +oem2, (i!! ta/e
+ains to assure the rea"er that (hat he is rea"in is not a historica!!, accurate account o- events or
+ersonaes) Beo(u!- is "escri.e" as a mora! ta!e com+ose" severa! centuries a-ter the times o-
(hich it treats, a oo" ,arn, an" so on an" so -orth) What it "oes not "o is em.o", rea! histor,)
@o(ever, the .est test -or historicit, that can .e a++!ie" to an, "ocument -rom the +ast, .e it
chronic!e, e+ic +oem or +rose narrative, is the test o- its enea!oies an" +ersona! names) Are the
men an" (omen mentione" in the (or/ characters (ho are /no(n to us -rom other contem+orar,
sourcesA Can the enea!oies .e veri-ie"A 6- the, can, then (e are "ea!in (ith an account that (e
can re!, on as histor,) 6- their in-ormation is "emonstra.!, (ron or -ictitious, an" i- it is seen to
contra"ict other acce+te" historica! sources, then c!ear!, the rest o- the matter can .e "ismisse" as
mere -iction) &hus, an" in the !iht o- the +ersistent mo"ernist assertion that Beo(u!- is mere!,
-iction, (e sha!! examine the com+!ex enea!oies that are em.o"ie" (ithin the +oem in the sure
/no(!e"e that no com+i!er o- -air,5stories ever (ent to such enormous !enths to a"" such
circumstantia! verisimi!itu"e to his ta!e as (e -in" in the Beo(u!-) &he -o!!o(in evi"ence (i!!
s+ea/ -or itse!-)
6 have re!ie" on $!ae.er 0Dr" e") see .i.!iora+h,2
-or much o- the in-ormation containe" in the
notes, an" -or the "ates (hich, as he +oints out,
are estimate" as c!ose!, as the +oem an" its
externa! corro.orative sources (i!! a!!o() &he
+ivota! "ate on (hich most o- the others "e+en",
is AF 521, the ,ear in (hich $in @,e!ac (as
s!ain ., the 4ran/s as "e+icte" in %reor, o-
&our8s /istoriae 5rancor#m) @o(ever, havin
veri-ie" Beo(u!-8s extraor"inar, historica!
accurac, on a!most a!! +oints o- the narrative,
even those minor insini-icant an" insu.stantia!
+oints that on!, an authentic historica! narrative
can ,ie!", $!ae.er sti!! "enies the essentia! an"
historica! authenticit, o- the narrative) 6t is a
+ecu!iar +osition in (hich man, a mo"ernist
scho!ar has -oun" himse!-)


Notes on the +escent of the Geatish .oyal /o#se
1) Swerting< &his is @rethe!8s -ather5in5!a(8s surname, not his -orename) S(ertin (ou!" have
-!ourishe" -rom c) AF ;25 on(ar"s) @e (as "e-eate" ., 4rotho, (hom (e met ear!ier /i!!in a
"raon 0see cha+ter 112) S(ertin +!anne" to +ut 4rotho to "eath, .ut in the ensuin .att!e .oth men
s!e( each other) S(ertin8s "auhter, unname", marrie" @rethe!)
2) /rethel< AF ;;5550D) @avin reine" over the %eats o- southern S(e"en, @rethe! "ie" o- rie-
a ,ear a-ter his e!"est son8s traic "eath 0see 5 an" 62)
D) A' #n/no(n)
;) Waym#nding< &his is the surname o- Beo(u!-8s ran"-ather) @e (ou!" have !ive" "urin the
!atter ha!- o- the 5th centur,)
5) /ereeald< AF ;705502) @e (as /i!!e" ., his ,ouner .rother @aethc,n in a huntin acci"ent)
6) /aethcyn' AF ;725510) @aethc,n came to the throne in AF 50D) 4rom that time (ar .ro/e out
.et(een the %eats an" the neih.ourin S(e"es cu!minatin in the -amous Batt!e o- 3avens(oo"
0@re-na(u"u2 in the ,ear AF 510) Kust .e-ore this .att!e, @aethc,n (as /i!!e" ., Onentheo( 0see
next ta.!e 0122 a-ter havin ca+ture" the S(e"ish :ueen)
7) Fauhter' #n/no(n)
E) 1cgtheow' Beo(u!-8s -ather, other(ise un/no(n)
7) Weo,stan' Paterna! unc!e to Beo(u!-, he sur+risin!, he!+e" One!a ain the throne o- S(e"en
0see next ta.!e 0;22) @e an" his son, Wi!a- 0112, are hence-orth /no(n as Sc,!-inas, or S(e"es, to
"enote their treacherous!, ai"in the S(e"ish /in)
10) B1(W;05' AF ;7555ED) &he su.?ect o- the e+ic that .ears his name)
11) Wiglaf< Beo(u!-8s cousin) Other(ise un/no(n -rom externa! sources, Beo(u!- a"o+te" him as
his heir) 0See a!so Weoxstan 7)2
12) /aereth' 4ather o- Lueen @,")
1D) Wonred' 4ather o- Eo-or an" Wu!-)
1;) A' #n/no(n)
15) /ygelac' AF ;755521) &he +ivota! "ate, AF 521, an" -rom (hich a!! other "ates are here
ca!cu!ate", is +rovi"e" ., %reor, o- &our8s @istoriae 4rancorum, (here he mentions @,e!ac8s
rai" on the 4ran/s) Furin this rai", @,e!ac (as s!ain ., &heo"e.ert, the son o- &heo"eric, the
1erovinian /in o- the 4ran/s)
16) /ygd< @,e!ac8s :ueen)
17) /ereric< Lueen @,"8s .rother, he (as unc!e to +rince @ear"re")
1E) W#lf< Eo-or8s e!"er .rother)
17) 1ofor< 6n the ,ear AF 510, Eo-or s!e( Onentheo(, /in o- the S(e"es 0see next ta.!e 0122)
20) Fauhter' #n/no(n)
21) /eardred' AF 51155DD) 6n AF 5D2, "i+!omatic re!ations .et(een the %eats an" the S(e"es
(ere ru+ture" ., @ear"re"8s rantin as,!um to One!a o- S(e"en8s re.e!!ious ne+he(s) @ear"re"
(as /i!!e" the -o!!o(in ,ear ., One!a8s -orces)


Notes on the +escent of the
Swedish
and +anish .oyal /o#ses
1) (ngentheow' AF ;505510) $in o- S(e"en,
he has .een i"enti-ie" as the Ane!theo( o- the
ear!, 0+re5miration2 1ercian enea!oies 0see
ta.!e to cha+ter 72) 6n other ear!, 9or"ic sources
his name is a!so iven as Anant,r an" Ei!!) @is
:ueen (as ta/en ca+tive ., @aethc,n an"
@,e!ac 0see +revious ta.!e 062 an" 01;22, an" he
(as /i!!e" in the ensuin .att!e o- 3avens(oo" .,
Eo-or an" Wu!- 0see +revious ta.!e 01E2 an" 01722)
2) /ealfdene' AF ;;55;7E) Other(ise /no(n as
@a!-"an, he is ce!e.rate" in other sources as the
-ather o- @rothar 0@rWarr2 an" @a!a 0@e!i2)
Accor"in to the 7+Holdungasaga, his mother (as
the "auhter o- Komun"us, /in o- S(e"en) @is
seat o- +o(er, (hich Beo(u!- te!!s us (as ca!!e"
@eorot, is to"a, mar/e" ., the vi!!ae o- Be?re on
the Fanish is!an" o- *ea!an")
D) ("there< AF ;7E55D2) @is name is ren"ere" Ottar in ear!, West 9or"ic sources) &he .uria!
moun" containin his ashes is sti!! /no(n as Ottarshoen)
;) (nela< !F ;E055D5) Other(ise A!i in o!" West 9or"ic sources, name!, the 7+Mlds+apar%alC the
'nglingasagaC the 'nglingatalC an" the 7+Holdungasaga)
5) ;rs#la' Ori) Yrsa) 6n the 0rol!ssaga an" 7+Holdungasaga* she is "e+icte" as @ea!-"ene8s e!"est
chi!", not his ,ounest as iven in the Beo(u!-
6) /eorogar' AF ;705500) Accor"in to the Beo(u!- e+ic, he "ie" (ithin t(o ,ears o- inheritin
his -ather8s cro(n at 2E ,ears o- ae) @is is one o- on!, t(o names o- the Fanish ro,a! house that
are not atteste" in other recor"s 0see a!so 162)
7) /rothgar' AF ;7D5525) Other(ise @roarrC he (as /in Fenmar/)
E) Wealhtheow' She (as a "escen"ant o- the @e!minas, (as reno(ne" -or her tact-u! an"
"i+!omatic (a,s) 6ntriuin!,, her name means Ce!tic Servant)
7) /alga' AF ;75550D) @e is /no(n as @e!i in other Scan"inavian sources an" as @a!i
@un"ins.ani in the E""ic +oems)
10) /eoroweard' Born AF ;70) @eoro(ear" "i" not inherit the cro(n on his -ather @eoroar8s
"eath) &his ma, have .een "ue to his minorit,, 0he (as 10 (hen his -ather "ie"2, a!thouh other
,oun !a"s have ta/en the cro(n at even ear!ier aes) Bines 2155 -- o- Beo(u!- ma, ho!" the c!ue to
this) @is -ather re-use" to +ass on to him the ro,a! stan"ar", he!met, s(or" an" .reast+!ate, an
extraor"inar, act that norma!!, "enotes that the son has !ost his -ather8s res+ect) @o( he !ost it (e
are !e-t to imaine)
11) /roth#lf< AF ;75 5 5;5) 3eno(ne" in other Scan"ina5vian recor"s as the son o- @a!a, he (as,
accor"in to the 7+Holdungasaga 0ca+) G662 an" the 'nglingasaga 0ca+) GG6G2, or+hane" as a .o,
o- E) But he (as a"o+te" ., @rothar an" his :ueen at the Fanish ro,a! court) @e (as counte" as
one o- the s#htergefaederan 0c!ose re!atives o- the /in2 an" he occu+ie" the seat o- honour next to
@rothar) @o(ever, he !ater attem+te" 0AF 5252 to usur+ the throne -rom his cousins @rethric an"
@rothmun" 0see 15 an" 162)
12) 1anm#nd' AF 50D55DD) @e (as /no(n as E,mun"r in the 0yndlulHoth 0ca+) G=2 an" as Aun
in the 'nglingasaga) Saxo !atinise" his name as @omothus) @e (as s!ain ., Weoxstan 0see +revious
ta.!e 0722)
1D) 1adgils' Born AF 510) @e .ecame /in in AF 5D5, an" (as /no(n as Athi!s in other 9or"ic
sources)
1;) 4ro"a' $in o- the @eatho.ar"8s 0a Fanish +eo+!e2, his !ineae 0not iven in the Beo(u!-2 is o-
reat interest to us) We have a!rea", seen ho( the +re5Christian Saxons, 6rish an" ear!, Britons a!!
trace" their ro,a! "escents throuh various !ines -rom Ka+heth) 4ro"a8s !ine is !i/e(ise iven as
.einnin (ith Ka+het 0see cha+ter E2)
15) /rethric' Born AF ;77) $no(n in other recor"s 0the BHar+a%al an" Saxo HiiI2 as @roere/r an"
3oricus res+ective!,, he (as s!ain ., @rothu!- 0see 112 in AF 525)
16) /rothm#nd' Born AF 500) @is is one o- on!, t(o names m this enea!o, that cannot .e
veri-ie" -rom other survivin sources 0see a!so 62)
17) 5reawar#' Born AF 501) She marrie" 6ne!" o- S(e"en in AF 51E)
1E) Ingeld' 6"entica! (ith 6n?a!"r i!!rathi o- 'nglingasaga -ame, his +ro(ess (as sun -or aes in
the ha!!s o- Scan"inavia) 6n"ee", his -ame is re-erre" to in a some(hat in"inant !etter (ritten in
AF 777 ., A!cuin to .isho+ S+eratus o- Bin"is-arne' 8Lui" enim @inie!"us cum ChristoA8 5 What
has 6ne!" to "o (ith ChristA &his (as (ritten in re.u/e o- the mon/s o- Bin"is-arne (ho !ove" to
hear the o!" +aan saas reto!" in c!oisters) Yet it is to such mon/s that (e o(e the o-ten c!an"estine
+reservation o- (or/s !i/e the Beo(u!- an" the o!" +aan enea!oies, (hich have in turn ,ie!"e"
such vita! in-ormation concernin our +re5Christian -ore.ears8 unex+ecte" /no(!e"e o- the
%enesis +atriarchs) 6ne!" himse!- marrie" @rothar8s "auhter, 4rea(aru, in the ,ear AF 51E) 6n
the -ang!ethgatal 0ro!! o- ancestors2 he is !iste" as 6nia!"r Star/a"ar -ostri)

Comment
6t is ver, o.vious in"ee" -rom the a.ove in-ormation that in Beo(u!- (e are not "ea!in (ith a
Christian5ins+ire" -iction in s+ite o- ever,thin that has .een sai" a.out the +oem ., the mo"ernist
schoo! o- thouht) A!! the characters in the e+ic have their +!aces set ver, -irm!, in"ee" (ithin the
+aan +re5Christian -rame(or/ o- the recor"e" histories o- Fenmar/ an" S(e"en, an" (e note an
astonishin accurac, throuhout the Beo(u!- e+ic (henever it "ea!s (ith these characters an" their
o-ten ver, com+!ex re!ationshi+s (ith one another) &hat is not the /in" o- thin that arises .,
chance or -iction) But -urther to this, an" crucia! to our stu",, are the ra+hic Joo!oica! "e+ictions
that a++ear in the +oem o- the creatures that these historica! characters ha" to "ea! (ith) &hese
"e+ictions are !iste" in the -o!!o(in A++en"ix)

== *9E>
MAIN A!E """#creatio$is%#or&
#E?T @@

A-ter the 4!oo" 5 by Bill Cooper
CHAPTER
I
CHAPTER
II
CHAPTER
III
CHAPTER
IV
CHAPTER
V
CHAPTER
VI
CHAPTER
VII
CHAPTER
VIII
CHAPTER
IX
CHAPTER
X
CHAPTER
XI
CHAPTER
XII
CHAPTER
XIII
== *9E>
"The early post-flood history of
Europe traced back to Noah"
#E?T @@
AENDI7 (6

=oologically applied terms
in the Beowulf 1pic

Sa,on term 0iteral Meaning 0ine Creat#re denoted
1) ae!(iht a!ien monster 1500 %ren"e! 0-ema!e2
2) ato! a!aeca the terri-,in u!, one 7D2 %ren"e! 0ma!e2
D) an"saca a"versar, 16E2 %ren"e! 0ma!e2
;) anena so!itar, (a!/er ;;7 %ren"e! 0ma!e2
5) ato! terri.!e 165 %ren"e! 0ma!e2
6) ate!ic horri.!e 7E; %ren"e! 0ma!e2
7) attorsceatha venomous -oe 2ED7 4!,in re+ti!e
E) .rim(,!- she5(o!- o- the !a/e 1506 %ren"e! 0-ema!e2
7) c(ea!m cuma "eath visitor 772 %ren"e! 0ma!e2
10) "ae"-ruma evi!"oer 2070 %ren"e! 0ma!e2
11) "eathscua "eath sha"o( 160 %ren"e! 0ma!e2
12) "eo-i "evi! 20EE %ren"e! 0ma!e2
1D) "raca "raon 2270 4!,in re+ti!e
1;) eacen crae-ti excee"in!, +o(er-ti! D051 4!,in re+ti!e
15) ea!"ore(inna !i-e enem, 270D 4!,in re+ti!e
16) e!!enaest +o(er-u! "emon E6 %ren"e! 0ma!e2
17) e!!oraest a!ien s+irit E07 %ren"e! 0ma!e2
1E) ent iant 2717 4!,in re+ti!e
17) -eon" -ien", enem, 101 %ren"e! 0ma!e2
20) -eon"scatha "ire -oe 55; %ren"e! 0ma!e2
21) -eorh.ea!u !i-e "estruction 2077 %ren"e! 0ma!e2
22) -erhthenith!a "ea"!, -oe 2EE1 4!,in re+ti!e
2D) -i-e!c,n race o- monsters 10; %ren"e! 0s+ecies2
2;) ast.ona sou! s!a,er 177 %ren"e! 0ma!e2
25) eosca-iast "emon sent ., -ate 1266 %ren"e! 0ma!e2
26) esaca a"versar, 177D %ren"e! 0ma!e2
27) rae"i ree",, ravenous 121 %ren"e! 0ma!e2
2E) rini!ic -ierce, terri.!e D0;1 4!,in re+ti!e
27) romheort hosti!e hearte" 16E2 %ren"e! 0-ema!e2
D0) run"(,ren he!!ish monster 151E %ren"e! 0ma!e2
D1) r,re-ah terr) varieate" co!ourin D0;1 4!,in re+ti!e
D2) uthsceatha enem,, "estro,er 2D1E 4!,in re+ti!e
DD) haethsta+a heath sta!/er 1D6E Sta
D;) heoro(earh accurse" outcast 1267 %ren"e! 0ma!e2
D5) hor"(ear" treasure uar"ian 227D 4!,in re+ti!e
D6) hrin.oa coi!e" 0or (ra++e"2 creature 2561 4!,in re+ti!e
D7) i"ese in!icness the !i/eness o- a (oman 1D51 %ren"e! 0-ema!e2
DE) in(itaest ma!icious -oe 2670 4!,in re+ti!e
D7) !atheteona !oath!, s+oi!er 77; %ren"e! 0ma!e2
;0) !i"raca -ire "raon 2DDD 4!,in re+ti!e
;1) !ieesa -ire terror 27E0 4!,in re+ti!e
;2) !,-i-!oa air -!ier 2D15 4!,in re+) s+ec)
;D) man-or"ae"!a (ic/e" "estro,er 56D Sea monster
;;) manscatha (ic/e" ravaer 712 %ren"e! 0ma!e2
;5) mearcsta+a march sta!/er 10D %ren"e! 0ma!e2
;6) mere"eor sea .east 55E Sea monster
;7) mut!i.ona mouth s!a,er 2077 %ren"e! 0ma!e2
;E) nearo-ah crue!!, hosti!e 2D17 4!,in re+ti!e
;7) nicor (ater monster E;5 Ba/e monster
50) niht.ea!u niht evi! 17D %ren"e! 0ma!e2
51) nith"raca hosti!e "raon 227D 4!,in re+ti!e
52) nithaest ma!icious -oe 2677 4!,in re+ti!e
5D) orcneas monsters 112 1onsters enera!
5;) sae"eor sea .east 1510 Sea monster
55) sae"raca sea "raon 1;26 Sea monster
56) scea"uena (a!/er in "ar/ness 70D %ren"e! 0ma!e2
57) scinna "emon 7D7 %ren"e! 0ma!e2
5E) scucca "emon 7D7 %ren"e! 0ma!e2
57) sc,nscatha hosti!e "emon 707 %ren"e! 0ma!e2
60) searorim -ierce in .att!e 57; %ren"e! 0ma!e2
61) theo"sceatha (aster o- +eo+!es 227E 4!,in re+ti!e
62) th,rs iant ;26 %ren"e! 0ma!e2
6D) (eres
(aestmum
the sha+e o- a man 1D52 %ren"e! 0ma!e2
6;) (i"-!oa (i"e -!,er 2D;6 4!,in re+ti!e
65) (ihi unhae!o unho!, monster 120 %ren"e! 0ma!e2
66) (i!"eor (i!" .east 1;D0 Ba/e monster
67) (oh.oan coi!e" 0or (ra++e"2 creature 2E27 4!,in re+ti!e
6E) (recen" avener 1256 %ren"e! 0-ema!e2
67) (,rm ser+ent 1;D0 Ba/e monster
70) (,rmc,nn race o- ser+ents 1;25 1onster s+ecies
71) ,the(innes (ave5thrasher 1;D; Ba/e monster
== *9E>
MAIN A!E """#creatio$is%#or&
#E?T @@

A-ter the 4!oo" 5 by Bill Cooper
CHAPTER
I
CHAPTER
II
CHAPTER
III
CHAPTER
IV
CHAPTER
V
CHAPTER
VI
CHAPTER
VII
CHAPTER
VIII
CHAPTER
IX
CHAPTER
X
CHAPTER
XI
CHAPTER
XII
CHAPTER
XIII
== *9E>
"The early post-flood history of
Europe traced back to Noah"
#E?T @@
AENDI7 ((
=ro% 8apheth to +rutus
Note
6n the a.ove ta.!e, 6 have .rouht toether the enea!oies containe" in no !ess than -ive "iverse
an" ancient sources (hich sho( the "escent o- certain ear!, +atriarchs) &hree o- those sources .ein
(ith the same oriina!, name!, Ka+heth, other(ise remem.ere" as Ku+iter amonst the ancient an"
+aan Batin races, thus "emonstratin .e,on" an, reasona.!e "ou.t that Ka+heth (as s,non,mous
(ith Ku+iter) An" t(o o- them en" (ith Brutus, the e+on,mous -oun"er o- the ear!, Britons) A!! o-
the sources "i--er -rom one another in man, an" various +oints, (hich ru!es out inter5"e+en"enc, or
co+,in) @o(ever, the, a!so aree on man, in"e+en"ent +oints, (hich "emonstrates the historicit,
o- the +atriarchs !iste") 6- it (ere at a!! +ossi.!e to cite a com+ara.!e case (here such ancient
+atriarchs are common!, !iste" amonst such "iverse an" in"e+en"ent sources, there can .e !itt!e
"ou.t that their historicit, (ou!" .e acce+te" (ithout :uestion amonst mo"ern scho!ars) A-ter a!!,
the historicit, o- man, other characters -rom the ancient (or!" is acce+te" on much !ess evi"ence
than this) 6n"ee", their historicit, is acce+te", more o-ten than not, mere!, u+on the sin!e
a++earance o- a name, (ithout an, other corro.orative evi"ence .ein re:uire") An" ,et the a.ove
enea!oies that +resent the historian (ith such uni:ue!, com+rehensive an" corro.orative evi"ence
are common!, !iste" as m,th an" -a.!e) Perha+s the reason -or this is .etter +on"ere" u+on than
state")

== *9E>
MAIN A!E """#creatio$is%#or&
#E?T @@

A-ter the 4!oo" 5 by Bill Cooper
CHAPTER
I
CHAPTER
II
CHAPTER
III
CHAPTER
IV
CHAPTER
V
CHAPTER
VI
CHAPTER
VII
CHAPTER
VIII
CHAPTER
IX
CHAPTER
X
CHAPTER
XI
CHAPTER
XII
CHAPTER
XIII
== *9E>
"The early post-flood history of
Europe traced back to Noah"
#E?T @@
AENDI7 ()
The Desce$t fro% 8apheth
of the Miautso eople of Chi$a
6 have constructe" the -o!!o(in +atriarcha! enea!o, -rom the trans!ation ., E"ar &ruax 012 o-
the ora! tra"itions o- the 1iautso +eo+!e o- China) &he, (ere ,et another ear!, +eo+!e (ho rear"e"
themse!ves as .ein "escen"e" -rom Ka+heth, an" (ho remem.ere" some o- the other ear!,
+atriarchs (hose names !i/e(ise a++ear in the %enesis recor") &he, (ere -oun" to a!rea", +ossess
this /no(!e"e in the -orm o- ancient cou+!ets (hen the, (ere encountere" -or the -irst time .,
Christian missionaries) 1oreover, the, (ere in +ossession o- sur+risin!, accurate reco!!ections o-
the Creation an" the 4!oo", an" some o- the c!ose "etai! o- their accounts coinci"es a!most
i"entica!!, (ith the %enesis recor") @avin oriina!!, sett!e" in (hat is no( the $iansi +rovince
o- China, -rom (here the, (ere !ater "riven out ., the Chinese, the, c!aim that the, are not
themse!ves o- Chinese stoc/, an" this is .orne out ., their insistence that the, are "escen"e" -rom
Ka+heth, i)e) o- 6n"o5Euro+ean "escent) &he ora! tra"itions in (hich the "escent o- the 1iautso has
.een +reserve", o(e their +urit, to the -act that the, have .een recite" -aith-u!!, an" in -i!! at
-unera!s, (e""ins an" other +u.!ic occasions since time immemoria!)
Notes on the +escent of the Mia#tso People
of China
1) +irt< &his is &ruax8s En!ish ren"erin o- the
oriina! name, not a trans+osition) 6t is c!ear!, meant
to +ortra, A"am, the version o- (hose name in the
1iautso !anuae 0as in @e.re(, A//a"ian an" so
on2, means earth or c!a,, the su.stance -rom (hich
he (as create")
2) Se-teh' &he Bi.!ica! Seth)
D) 0#s#' &he names in the .oo/ o- the %enerations
o- A"am 0%enesis 52 that imme"iate!, -o!!o( that o-
Seth are' Enos, Cainan, 1aha!a!ee!, Kare", Enoch
an" 1ethuse!ah) &he name Busu ma, conceiva.!, .e
i"enti-ie" as a corru+tion o- one o- the e!ements o-
1aha!a!ee!) Other(ise, it is uni"enti-ia.!e)
;) Gehlo' A corru+tion, +erha+s, o- the -ina! e!ement
o- 1ethuse!ah8s name) Other(ise, it is
uni"enti-ia.!e)
5) 0ama' &he Bi.!ica! Bamech)
6) N#ah' 9oah) 6n the 1iautso account, 9uah (as a
rihteous man (ho (as comman"e" ., %o" to .ui!"
a reat ar/) &he re!ease o- the "ove -rom the ar/ is
mentione" ami"st a ra+hic an" some(hat
horri-,in "e+iction o- the 4!oo" itse!- an" the
eventua! "r,in out o- the !an")
7) Gaw Bo-l#-en' A+art -rom certain Ke(ish tra"itions, this is an interestin an" rare namin o-
9oah8s (i-e) %enesis, o- course, "oes not ive her name)
E) 0o /an' &he Bi.!ica! @am) &he "escent o- the -o!!o(in i"enti-ia.!e +atriarchs is iven a!on
(ith a ra+hic account o- Ba.e! an" the con-usion o- tonues) 6t is then to!" ho( the nations s+rea"
out -rom Ba.e! an" encirc!e" the !o.e) &his is a sur+risin +reservation o- ancient /no(!e"e, -or
the 1iautso, at the time o- their -irst encounter (ith missionaries, ha" no conce+t o- the earth .ein
roun")
7) C#sah< &he Bi.!ica! Cush)
10) Mesay' &he Bi.!ica! 1iJraim)
11) 0o Shen' &he Bi.!ica! Shem)
12) 1lan' &he Bi.!ica! E!am)
1D) Nga-sh#r' &he Bi.!ica! Asshur)
1;) 3ah-7"#' &he Bi.!ica! Ka+heth)
15) Go-men' &he Bi.!ica! %omer)
16) AAA' An unname" +atriarch)
17) T#tan' &his (as an a"o+te" name)
1E) &he -o!!o(in !ist o- +atriarchs an" matriarchs in"icate the seriousness (ith (hich the 1iautso
/e+t their +e"irees in common (ith man, other ear!, +eo+!es)
17) Accor"in to the 1iautso themse!ves, o- these e!even chi!"ren or tri.es, -ive -orme" the
1iautso nation, an" six intermarrie" (ith the inva"in Chinese)
Note
1) &ruax, E) 2enesis A##ording to the Miao People) 6m+act Artic!e) A+ri! 1771) 6nstitute -or
Creation 3esearch, P0 Box 2667, E! Ca?on, Ca!i-ornia 72021 #SA)

== *9E>
MAIN A!E """#creatio$is%#or&
#E?T @@


A-ter the 4!oo" 5 by Bill Cooper
CHAPTER
I
CHAPTER
II
CHAPTER
III
CHAPTER
IV
CHAPTER
V
CHAPTER
VI
CHAPTER
VII
CHAPTER
VIII
CHAPTER
IX
CHAPTER
X
CHAPTER
XI
CHAPTER
XII
CHAPTER
XIII
== *9E>
"The early post-flood history of
Europe traced back to Noah"
#E?T @@
AENDI7 (,
+ritai$>s =irst Christia$
8&he (ars an" +ersecutions (hich -o!!o(e" the -irst +reachin o- the os+e! in Britain have
"estro,e" a!! certain recor"s o- Christianit, in these ear!, times)8 0Churton, E) 4he Early English
Chur#h) Bon"on) 1E;1) +) D2
&he a.ove comment, ma"e over 150 ,ears ao, is t,+ica! o- the mista/en assum+tion un"er (hich
scho!ars have !a.oure" -or centuries) &he recor"s o- this is!an"8s ear!iest Church, -ar -rom havin
.een "estro,e" or !ost, are in -act to .e -oun" in the We!sh "ocuments /no(n as the &ria"s) &he -act
that no notice has .een ta/en o- them "o(n the centuries is "ue entire!, to the +re?u"ice that has
.een !ain u+on an,thin o- We!sh oriin since the Auustine5ins+ire" massacre o- the We!sh c!er,
at Banor in the ear!, 7th centur,) &o rea" some .oo/s these "a,s, one cou!" easi!, .e mis!e" into
thin/in that Auustine himse!- (as +ractica!!, the -irst Christian to !an" on these shores, the
8Bucius8 mission to 3ome o- the !ate 2n" centur, an" the Ce!tic Church in enera! receivin minima!
notice)
1o"ern scho!arshi+, (hen "ea!in (ith the ear!iest a++earances o- the Christian -aith in Britain,
(i!! usua!!, set u+ stra(5men, +ersoni-ie" in the !ate Saxon5cum59orman !een"s o- Kose+h o-
Arimathea an" o- St Pau!8s a!!ee"!, !an"in here, on!, to /noc/ them "o(n aain (ith the
erroneous o.servation that nothin can .e certain!, /no(n .e-ore Auustine8s "a,) Other(ise, a!! is
!een" an" insu.stantia! m,th) But is itA As is o-ten the case, the oriina! recor"s carr, a some(hat
"i--erent stor,) 4!in"ers Petrie te!!s us a.out it'
8&he Bucius :uestion next arises) &o ?u"e o- this (e must !oo/ at the (ho!e o- the statements a.out
the rise o- the British Church) We must care-u!!, /ee+ to the authorities, as con-usion has arisen .,
mo"ern authors ma/in ar.itrar, i"enti-ications o- the east British or Bon"on -ami!, o- Cass(a!!on
(ith the (est British or Si!urian -ami!, o- Cara"o) &he actua! statements o- the tria"s name t(o
enerations .e-ore Cara"o 0Caratacus2 an" three a-ter him 5 B!,r, Bran, Cara"o, C,!!in, Coe!,
B!eir() 4rom tria"s 1E an" D5, Bran (as seven ,ears a hostae in 3ome -or his son Cara"o 5
im+!,in that Cara"o (as sent .ac/ to ru!e in Britain) &he seven ,ears, there-ore, (ou!" .e -rom
AF 51 to 5E) 4rom 3ome he M.rouht the -aith o- Christ to the Cam.riansM) Boo/in at the E+ist!e
to the 3omans, (ritten AF 5E, the o.vious strenth o- Christianit, then, its ho!" in Caesar8s
househo!", (here Bran (as a hostae, an" its +o!itica! +osition un"er 9ero, there is nothin in the
!east im+ro.a.!e in a British hostae in 3ome .ein amon converts ., AF 5E) 6n tria" 62, B!eir(,
the reat5ran"son o- Cara"o, M-irst ave !an"s an" the +rivi!ee o- the countr, 0i)e) +osition o-
native -ree5men2 to those (ho -irst "e"icate" themse!ves to the -aith o- ChristM, an" he -oun"e" the
-irst arch.isho+ric, that o- B!an"av) &his (ou!" .e a.out AF 1D0 to 160) &hree enerations -or such
a s+rea" o- in-!uence -rom one o- the ro,a! -ami!, is certain!, not too short a time)
9ext comes the account in &,si!io Hi)e) Kesus Co!!ee 1S BG6I an" the Bi.er Ponti-ica!is, that Bies
0Bucius2 sent to E!eutherius, Msoon a-ter his entrance u+on the +onti-icateM, or a.out AF 1E0, -or
missioners -rom 3ome) 6- the (est British ru!ers ha" a!rea", starte" o--icia! Christianit, a
eneration or t(o ear!ier, there is nothin un!i/e!, in this movement) &hat Christianit, (as -irm!,
esta.!ishe" in even remote +arts o- Britain at the c!ose o- the secon" centur, is sho(n ., &ertu!!ian
statin that Mthe Britons in +arts inaccessi.!e to the 3omans, Christ has tru!, su."ue"M) Co!!atera!
(ith this is the reat im+ortance o- the %a!!ic Church un"er 6renaeus AF 1E0) &he !ater stae, o- the
British .isho+s in AF D1; atten"in the Counci! o- Aries, .rins the "eve!o+ment into the -u!!
course o- ecc!esiastica! histor,) 6n this ro(th thus recor"e" there is not a sin!e stae that is
historica!!, inconsistent or im+ro.a.!e) 4urther areein (ith this is the enea!o, o- =ortiern in
9ennius 0;72, (here, ami" +ure!, British names, Pau! occurs at a.out AF 175)8
Note
1) Adv. 9A$), +) 1E7, e"it) 166;)

4!in"ers Petrie ma"e ?ust one mista/e here in that he
misinter+rete" the enea!o, o- =ortiern as .ein iven in
"escen"in or"er in the oriina! Batin o- 9ennius, (hen in -act
it is iven in ascen"in or"er) 6n other (or"s, Pau! "i" not !ive
.e-ore =ortiern 0(ho -!ourishe" ca AF ;502 .ut a-ter him,
+ro.a.!, aroun" the ,ear AF 600'
&he mista/e is sur+risin, -or 9ennius s+eci-ica!!, states that this enea!o, is 8trace" .ac/(ar"s to
the .einnin8 00ae# est genealogia illius Buae ad initiu% retro re#urrit2, i)e) in ascen"in or"er,
rather than -or(ar"s to the en" in "escen"in or"er) But in ever,thin e!se, 4!in"ers Petrie is
+er-ect!, correct) 6t is une:uivoca!!, state" in the ear!, recor"s that the man (ho -irst .rouht the
Christian -aith to these shores (as none other than Bran, the -ather o- Caratacus 0Cara"o2 (ho,
(ith his -ami!,, (as ta/en to 3ome in chains an" +ara"e" .e-ore the Senate ., the Em+eror
C!au"ius (ith the vie( to their imme"iate an" summar, execution) Caratacus 0or, more usua!!,,
Caractacus2, ho(ever, ave his -amous s+eech o- "e-iance that earne" him instea" the Senate8s
a++!ause, a state +ension an" a+artments in the 6m+eria! Pa!ace) An" here conventiona! histor, !oses
siht o- him) But the tria"s a"" to our /no(!e"e) &he, te!! us that, in +er-ect accor" (ith +revious
3oman +ractice, Caratacus (as a!!o(e" home to ru!e as a +u++et /in, .ut his -ami!, (ere /e+t
.ehin" as suret, -or his oo" .ehaviour) Whi!st "etaine" -or seven ,ears in Caesar8s househo!", his
-ather Bran (as converte" to Christ, an" (hen a!!o(e" to return to Britain in AF 5E, the ver, ,ear
o- Pau!8s e+ist!e to the 3omans, he .rouht the Christian -aith (ith him) 6t is "i--icu!t to imaine a
more straiht-or(ar", uncom+!icate" an" entire!, -easi.!e account, an" (e can on!, (on"er (h, it
has .een inore" a!! these ,ears)

== *9E>
MAIN A!E """#creatio$is%#or&
#E?T @@


CHAPTER
I
CHAPTER
II
CHAPTER
III
CHAPTER
IV
CHAPTER
V
CHAPTER
VI
CHAPTER
VII
CHAPTER
A-ter the 4!oo" 5 by Bill Cooper
VIII
CHAPTER
IX
CHAPTER
X
CHAPTER
XI
CHAPTER
XII
CHAPTER
XIII
== *9E>
"The early post-flood history of
Europe traced back to Noah"
#E?T @@
AENDI7 (-
The Irish Chro$icles a$d the e$d of the Ice A&e
One o- the :uestions o-ten raise" concernin the ear!, +ost54!oo" histor, o- Euro+e, is that o- the
6ce Ae, the im+ression .ein no "ou.t that the 6ce Ae +oses some /in" o- a +ro.!em -or the
.i.!ica! mo"e!) 4e( creationists (ou!" :uestion the historica! rea!it, o- the so5ca!!e" 6ce Ae,
a!thouh (e (ou!" certain!, :uestion the vast s+an o- time a!!otte" to it un"er the evo!utionar,
scheme o- thins) 6n other (or"s, it is somethin that (ou!" have !aste" on!, a -e( centuries,
+erha+s even a thousan" ,ears or more, rather than the hun"re"s o- thousan"s o- ,ears +ro+ose" .,
others) But o- a""e" interest to us in this +resent stu", is the -act that the rece"in o- the ice sheets
over northern Euro+e seems to have .een (itnesse" ., some o- its ear!iest co!onists (ho have !e-t
intriuin recor"s .ehin" them)
9ennius, -or exam+!e, in the 1Dth cha+ter o- his 0istoria Brittonu%, has +reserve" a -ascinatin
account o- an unex+ecte" encounter (ith an ice.er ., some ear!, co!onists o- 6re!an") @avin
arrive" -rom the (arm 1e"iterranean .asin via the S+anish +eninsu!a at an uns+eci-ie" "ate, an"
.ein entire!, un-ami!iar (ith ice at sea, at the en" o- their -irst ,ear in 6re!an" the, !oo/e" out at
sea an" sa( (hat the, "escri.e" as a 8to(er o- !ass)80...#onspi#iunt turri% uitrea% in %edio %are2)
1oreover, u+on the to(er the, cou!" see (hat the, too/ to .e men, .ut cou!" et no re+!, -rom
them (hen the, shoute" 0...et ho%ines #ons pi#iebant et Buaerebant loBui ad illos nun Bua%
respondebant2) &he, there-ore !aunche" an attac/ u+on the to(er) Some o- their .oats (ere
(rec/e" on the ice, (hi!e some men (ho ha" manae" to !an" u+on it (ere (ashe" o-- ., the
heav, seas an" "ro(ne" )0...et de%ersi sunt2)
&he creatures on the ice that ha" !oo/e" !i/e 8men8 at a "istance, (ere +ro.a.!, sea!s) But a""e" to
this intriuin account 0ice.ers have a!(a,s .een a rare siht o-- the coast o- 6re!an" since those
ear!, "a,s2, (e have the -o!!o(in "etai! that can .e "ate" (ith -air +recision) 6t a++ears in the 6rish
Anna!s o- Ctonmacnoise, trans!ate" into En!ish in the ,ear 1627 ., Cone!! 1aeohaan, (here
-irst!, (e are to!" that "urin Partho!an8s comin to 6re!an" 015th centur, BC2 he counte" 8.ut three
!auhs H!ochs or !a/esI an" n,ne 3ivers in the $in"om8) 012 But then, "urin the !ater secon"
co!onisation o- 6re!an", (e are to!" that 81an, Bauhs an" 3ivers .ro/e out in their time8) 022
Ba/es an" rivers "on8t ?ust su""en!, 8.rea/ out8 in a short +erio" o- time (ithout a source o- (ater
that is tru!, vast) So it (ou!" seem, there-ore, that (e are iven in the ear!, 6rish recor"s an
intriuin !im+se into the me!tin o- the north Euro+ean ice5sheets (hich occurre" some short
time a-ter the 15th centur, BC) %iven #ssher8s chrono!o, -or the ,ear o- the 4!oo", 2D;E BC, an"
assumin that the ice covere" Euro+e soon a-ter the rece"in o- the 4!oo" (aters, that (ou!" a!!o(
a.out a thousan" ,ears -or the 6ce Ae) &he Britons "i"n8t sett!e un"er Brutus in these is!an"s unti!
some three hun"re" ,ears !ater 0ca 110; BC2, (hich is "ou.t!ess (h, their recor"s contain no
a!!usions to ice or a su""en .ureonin o- rivers an" !a/es as "o the ear!ier 6rish accounts)
Notes<
1) 1aeohaan, C) 1627) 4he Annals o! Clon%a#noise) Printe" in Fu.!in at the #niversit, Press)
1E76) 01ur+h, e")2) +) 1D)
2) ibid) +) 15)

== *9E>
MAIN A!E """#creatio$is%#or&
#E?T @@