The Haggis Field

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Reservoir Properties:
The Haggis sand was deposited in a turbidite environment. It is quite homogeneous with an average
porosity and permeability of 22% and 200 mD, respectively. The reservoir sand, however, is
isotropic with a Kv/Kh ratio of 0.1. The top of the sand was encountered at 6400 ft TVDSS, and the
oil-water contact is at 6500 ft TVDSS.
The reservoir is normally pressured with an initial reservoir pressure of 3300 psia and little or no
aquifer support. Reservoir pressure has declined with production to 2800 psia at present. Pressure
maintenance was not considered when the field was being developed.
For information and for those wishing to run this exercise using a completion design software
package, Table 1 lists the PVT data for the Haggis fluids at current reservoir conditions.
150 F
Reservoir Temp.
40 API
Oil API Gravity
0.80
Gas Relative Density
550 scf/STB
G.O.R.
2030 psia
Pb
1.27
Bo
0.66 cp
Oil Viscosity
0.0046
Bg
0.022 cp
Gas Viscosity
1.023
Bw
0.73
Gas Z-Factor
200000 ppm
Water Salinity
0.67 cp
Water Viscosity
Table 1: Haggis PVT Data

Haggis wells:
The Haggis field wells have an economical limit of 1500 STB Oil/d/well; i.e. producing at rates lower
than that is not feasible.





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1605
735

2590
3600
4590
990
1292
1629
Table 2: Haggis-3 Pressure Survey

5587
1920

6490
2266

ft TVD
psia

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650
525


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Depth
Pressure

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For information, results of a recent pressure survey from Haggis-3 are listed in Table 2.

The Haggis Field

Haggis-3's well parameters, and results from both well testing and production logging are summarised
in Table 3. Table 3 also contains data on Haggis-1. Haggis-3 and Haggis-1 are essentially twin
wells, except that completion damage has resulted in Haggis-1 being considered the worst well in the
field.

Oil Production Rate

Water Cut
WH Flowing Temperature
Pressure at Xmas tree
Skin (Well Test)
P.I. (J) (Well Test)
Damaged Zone Relative
Permeability
Damage Zone Thickness
Crushed Zone Skin
Drainage Radius

Haggis-3
4730
30
65

Haggis-1
3930
28
61
445

2.92
12.36

7.17
9.11

50

25

12
0.100
4000
Table 3: Well Data

STB/d
%
F
psia
STB/d/psi
%
in
ft

The Scenario:
The rate of oil production decline in the Haggis field is alarming, and if no action is taken, Haggis
will become uneconomical by the end of this year. The Operator of the field, Big Kahuna Oil Inc.,
does not accept this situation and has fired the field's former team leader for improper management of
the field. Big Kahuna has hired you to improve production from the Haggis field.

Your Mission:
Big Kahuna Oil Inc. has asked you to study the fields potential. A model has been created using the
company approved software (EPS's FloSystem). A variety of production proposals have been
modelled and the outcome of these simulations has been provided in graphical form. It is your job to
evaluate these proposals using the all the data provided.
The report should outline:
A)
B)
C)
D)

the model used in the study,

the potential of the base case scenario,
your assessment of production enhancement proposals from the Haggis engineers and
your recommendation for a project which will enhance production from Haggis.

Note: Wellflo graphs show gross production rates e.g. total production rates. Net production rates are
required for the well analysis.

The inflow-outflow diagram below is for Haggis-3 at 30% water cut and utilising an appropriate
flow correlation.
d) The Big Kahuna Oil Inc. is unfamiliar with the concept of nodal analysis used in this flow
simulation. You are asked to explain the process and the conditions for flow stability.

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Table 3: Well Data

1

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b) The well Haggis-3 is used as the base case well for the Haggis field throughout this exercise. To
minimise the computer time involved in simulations, the model contains only those components
that contribute significantly to the pressure drop along Haggis-3. These are shown on Table 4.
a) Using Haggis-3 as your case study, complete the missing data in Figure 2.
The Haggis Field

The Haggis Field

d
h

Diagram 1: Haggis-3 base case

Curve A represents the _________________________________________________.
Curve B represents the _________________________________________________.
The reservoir pressure is _____________psia (Point______).
The_________________ IPR model was used to produce this curve. Why was this chosen?
______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________.
Point ______ represents the operating point. The operating point is [stable/unstable]. Explain:
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________.
Nodal analysis may be carried out at any point in the producing system. In this report, the analysis
was carried out to find the operating point at the sandface (see above diagram).
Other typical examples of nodes selected during completion design are:
1)__________________________________________________________to evaluate
_________________________________________________________________________________
2)__________________________________________________________to evaluate
_________________________________________________________________________________
[11.5%]

[5%]

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[4%]
Table 5: Haggis-3 Production Forecast
PRes.
WC
30%
35%
40%
45%

4770
2700

2600

2500

psia

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2800
F

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As a good manager, the first thing you have to do is evaluate the potential of what you have at the
moment. To achieve that, you must determine what effect the decline in reservoir pressure and the
increase in water cut will have on Haggis-3's production if nothing is done to improve its production.
In other words, determine the reservoir pressure and the water cut at which Haggis-3 will becomes
uneconomical to produce under the current production scenario.
The Haggis Field

The Haggis Field

d) A sensitivity study is outlined in Figures 6a, b and c for three plugging-off policies. Based on
the advantages and disadvantages you identified above, the most advantageous plugging off
policy is:____________________________________________________.
The minimum open interval at which Haggis-3 will produce economically under this policy is
________________________ft.
[2.5%]

You phone management and convince them to fund the pressure maintenance scheme. In addition,
they agree to provide a budget for an extra project to improve Haggiss production. In this section
you must select the best project from your engineers suggestions below.
Since production, and thus revenue, from Haggis is greatly affected by water production form the
field, Big Kahuna Oil Inc. defines the best production enhancement project for the Haggis field as the
one that sustains economical production form Haggis-3 at the highest water-cut. Therefore, this
should be the criterion you use to select the project you recommend to management.
C.1) Production Technology Solutions:
You walk into the teams senior production technologist office, and give him the good news from
management. He congratulates you, and immediately suggests that the project should be a production
technology project. He goes on to explain that as the Haggis wells are extremely damaged, acidising
all the wells make the field very profitable.
a) Determine the benefit from acidising Haggis-3 in terms of the maximum water cut at which the
acidised Haggis-3 will sustain economic production, if acidising restores the original rock
permeability. Figure 7 shows the sensitivity of Haggis-3 to water cut after acidising. The
maximum water cut at which the well can produce economically is ________%.

{
}


z

(Use this result to compare the benefits from this project to the other proposed projects, and as a
basis for your recommendations in section D).
b) A production model of well Haggis-1 is already available and shows that Haggis-1 will produce
economically at maximum water cuts of 50 % after acidising. What are the implications of this if
it is decided to carry out a campaign in which all the Haggis wells are to be acidised?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
[3.5%]

The Haggis Field

c) The diagram below shows the inflow-outflow curves for Haggis-3 at the maximum economic
water cut after acidising. Assuming that acidising succeeds in restoring the original rock
permeability in both wells, sketch on the diagram the inflow-outflow curves for Haggis-1.

Diagram 2: Haggis-3 after acidising

[2%]
C.2) Suggestions from the Drilling Engineer:
The drilling engineer walks into your office and says that he heard that you were going around the
different departments asking for ideas on how to improve the field's production. He says that he
could have saved you all the trouble because he has the perfect solution. "Side-track the well", he
says. He goes on to explain that, he would have gone for a horizontal well. However, since Big
Kahuna have recently had bad luck with drilling horizontal sections longer than 400 ft, a 75 deviated
well through the reservoir is probably the better option from a drilling point of view.
a) Given the drilling departments recent experience with horizontal wells, should you side-track
Haggis-3 to a 400 ft horizontal well running through the middle of the reservoir or propose a 75
deviated well penetrating the whole of the reservoir height?
F

C


B



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Option C2.a2 produces the better results because:

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
[3%]

The Haggis Field

b) Given the engineering and economic factors and assumptions below, design the optimum
horizontal well (to the nearest 500-ft) for the Haggis-3 side-track:
Length of build-up section is:
Pay-back Time:
Side-track cost:
Price of Oil:
Cost of Processing and Shipping:
Assumptions:

2000 ft-MD
6 months
US$850 /ft-MD
US$15/bbl
US$8 / bbl
1) Economics based on un-dicounted
cash flows
2) Production rate is constant for the first
6 months
3) Use Profit to Investment Ratio as
measure of value, see below.

(Profit to Investment (PI) Ratio = TCS/MCO where TCS is Terminal Cash Surplus and MCO is
Maximum Capital Outlay. The PI ratio is a measure of the cash surplus or profit generated for every
unit of currency invested.)
Table 6 below can be completed using the results from Figure 10 and taking in account the
above engineering and economic factors for drilling horizontal wells.

_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

(In the space above, enter the parameter, formulas used and intermediate working)

Table 6:Economic analysis of sidetracking Haggis-3.

The Haggis Field

c) Determine the benefit from side-tracking Haggis-3 in terms of the maximum water cut you can
economically produce the well with if it was side-tracked to the optimal horizontal length
determined above.

(Use this result to compare the benefits from this project to the other proposed projects, and
as a basis for your recommendations in section D).
[15%]

C.3) Another Production Technology Suggestion: Artificial Lift

'

&

a) The Big Kahuna has had success with the following Centrilift pumps in the North Sea.

Cable Size
#1
#1
#2
#2

Given the current conditions choose the optimum pump for Haggis-3 g

562 Series
562 Series
562 Series
562 Series

Pump
GC 8200
HC 7000
HC 9000
KC 12000

Pump Types:
Setting Depth:
Minimum Equipment OD:
Maximum Equipment OD:
Platform Electricity Supply Frequency:
Assumptions:

Centrilift
5000ft
5
6.8
60Hz
1) Production tubing is unaltered.
2) No wear on Pump or motor i.e. wear
factor is 1.
3) Efficiency of the gas separator is 100%
i.e. separator efficiency is 1.
4) Viscosity and gassiness corrections are
used.


"

The Haggis Field

b) As water production is the limiting factor, the production technologist suggests halting water
injection and allowing the reservoir pressure to drop. Determine which pump would be
suitable in these conditions. Figures 13 a-d and Table C.3 are designed to assist you with that
determination.
PRes.
Psia
2800
2600
2400
2200
Pump
GC 8200
HC 7000
HC 9000
KC 12000
Table C.3: Haggis-3 Production Forecast with ESP installed,
** denotes rate outwith the operating range of the pump.

This pump is the optimum choice because

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________.
[5%]

c) Determine the benefit from installing an ESP in Haggis-3 using Figure 14 in terms of the
maximum water-cut at which the optimised pump will sustain economic production prior to
suspending water injection (i.e. no depletion, reservoir pressure 2800psia).

(Use this result to compare the benefits from this project to the other proposed projects, and
as a basis for your recommendations in section D).
[1.5%]

The Haggis Field

b

A gas lift design for Haggis-3 is undertaken based on current conditions

&

Max casing head pressure:

1200 psi
Gas available for injection:
20MM scf/d
Injected gas gravity:
0.6
Setting depth:
3900 ft
Valve differential pressure:
100 psia
Minimum spacing:
450 ft
Kill brine density:
0.465 psi / ft
Minimum safety margin (see A on diagram)
50 psi
Assumptions:
1) Production tubing is unaltered.
2) Unload the tubing full of static fluid
against the well head pressure (i.e. static
fluid to 0ft MD).
3) No transfer margin is required.
The gas lift design is shown below (Diagram 3). Note briefly on the diagram the roles of the
different valves in the design. The upper valves should be OPEN/CLOSED when assessing gas
lift capabilities during field life.

[3%]

"

The Haggis Field

b) Determine the optimum injection rate as the reservoir pressure declines from Figure 15 and
summarise the results in Table C.4.

PRes.

2800

2600

2400

2200

Psia

2000

Optimum
injection rate
MMscf/day
Table C.4: Optimum gas injection rate for Haggis-3.


Higher injection rates do not improve production as the reservoir declines because
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
[8%]
c) The gas lift scheme is redesigned using the optimum gas injection rate for a reservoir pressure
of 2800 psia. Determine the benefit from installing Gas Lift in Haggis-3 in terms of the
maximum water-cut at which the optimised injection rate will sustain economic production
using Figure 16.

(Use this result to compare the benefits from this project to the other proposed projects, and
as a basis for your recommendations in section D).
[2%]
C.4) Suggestions from the Facilities Engineer:
The gentleman behind you introduces himself as the Haggis field's facilities engineer when you are
walking to your car after a long day at the office. He shares with you a very interesting discovery he
made today. He explains that if you agree to provide a dedicated line from the Haggis wells to the
low-pressure separator, you can lower the average Xmas tree pressure to only 100 psia. He points out
that suggestions from the other department have large uncertainties associated with them since they
deal with the subsurface. His suggestion is simple, neat and will solve the field's problems.

[5%]

x
U

[2%]

The Haggis Field

The Haggis Field

Assess the production enhancement projects proposed by the Haggis field engineers in section C
above and compare them to one another and to the base case scenario. Bear in mind that Big
Kahuna Inc. has set the ranking criteria for these projects to be the maximum water-cut at which
Haggis-3 can sustain economic production (i.e. > 1500 STB oil/d).

[2.5%]
b) Recommend to management a plan of action which either recommends maintaining the base case
scenario or executes one of the proposed projects.

[5%]
3) A number of risks have been overlooked in this assessment since the maximum water cut at which
the wells will flow at an economic rate has been used as the ranking criteria for the above projects.
These risks add to the uncertainty of achieving the results on which your recommendation was
based. As the Haggis field team leader it is your duty to report and account for these risks to
management.
Complete Table 9 below which should identify three major risks that have been overlooked by
this assessment. Briefly explain how each one could add to the uncertainty of the assessment and
prescribe steps that need to be taken to account for their effects.

The Haggis Field

Risk/Uncertainty

How this adds uncertainty to

above assessment?

Steps that can be taken to account for

/ minimise this uncertainty

1)

2)

3)

[9%]

The Haggis Field

The Haggis Field

The Haggis Field

&

w
3

The Haggis Field

w
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The Haggis Field

w
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The Haggis Field

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The Haggis Field

w
9

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The Haggis Field

w
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The Haggis Field

w
$

&

The Haggis Field

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The Haggis Field

w
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The Haggis Field

w
)

&

The Haggis Field

w
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The Haggis Field

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The Haggis Field

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The Haggis Field

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The Haggis Field

The Haggis Field

The Haggis Field

The Haggis Field

The Haggis Field

The Haggis Field

The Haggis Field

The Haggis Field

Figure 15: Performance analysis of the gas lift design, sensitivity to reservoir pressure and gas
injection rate.

The Haggis Field

The Haggis Field

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The Haggis Field

The Haggis Field

}
x




t



{

}
t

|
~

t
v

Reservoir Properties:
The Haggis sand was deposited in a turbidite environment. It is quite homogeneous with an average
porosity and permeability of 22% and 200 mD, respectively. The reservoir sand, however, is
isotropic with a Kv/Kh ratio of 0.1. The top of the sand was encountered at 6400 ft TVDSS, and the
oil-water contact is at 6500 ft TVDSS.
The reservoir is normally pressured with an initial reservoir pressure of 3300 psia and little or no
aquifer support. Reservoir pressure has declined with production to 2800 psia at present. Pressure
maintenance was not considered when the field was being developed.
For information and for those wishing to run this exercise using a completion design software
package, Table 1 lists the PVT data for the Haggis fluids at current reservoir conditions.
150 F
Reservoir Temp.
40 API
Oil API Gravity
0.80
Gas Relative Density
550 scf/STB
G.O.R.
2030 psia
Pb
1.27
Bo
0.66 cp
Oil Viscosity
0.0046
Bg
0.022 cp
Gas Viscosity
1.023
Bw
0.73
Gas Z-Factor
200000 ppm
Water Salinity
0.67 cp
Water Viscosity
Table 1: Haggis PVT Data

Haggis wells:
The Haggis field wells have an economical limit of 1500 STB Oil/d/well; i.e. producing at rates lower
than that is not feasible.
w

1605
735

2590
3600
4590
990
1292
1629
Table 2: Haggis-3 Pressure Survey

5587
1920

6490
2266

ft TVD
psia

{
w

650
525

}
z

u
v

Depth
Pressure

For information, results of a recent pressure survey from Haggis-3 are listed in Table 2.

The Haggis Field

Haggis-3's well parameters, and results from both well testing and production logging are summarised
in Table 3. Table 3 also contains data on Haggis-1. Haggis-3 and Haggis-1 are essentially twin
wells, except that completion damage has resulted in Haggis-1 being considered the worst well in the
field.

Oil Production Rate

Water Cut
WH Flowing Temperature
Pressure at Xmas tree
Skin (Well Test)
P.I. (J) (Well Test)
Damaged Zone Relative
Permeability
Damage Zone Thickness
Crushed Zone Skin
Drainage Radius

Haggis-3
4730
30
65

Haggis-1
3930
28
61
445

2.92
12.36

7.17
9.11

50

25

12
0.100
4000
Table 3: Well Data

STB/d
%
F
psia
STB/d/psi
%
in
ft

The Scenario:
The rate of oil production decline in the Haggis field is alarming, and if no action is taken, Haggis
will become uneconomical by the end of this year. The Operator of the field, Big Kahuna Oil Inc.,
does not accept this situation and has fired the field's former team leader for improper management of
the field. Big Kahuna has hired you to improve production from the Haggis field.

Your Mission:
Big Kahuna Oil Inc. has asked you to study the fields potential. A model has been created using the
company approved software (EPS's FloSystem). A variety of production proposals have been
modelled and the outcome of these simulations has been provided in graphical form. It is your job to
evaluate these proposals using the all the data provided.
The report should outline:
A)
B)
C)
D)

the model used in the study,

the potential of the base case scenario,
your assessment of production enhancement proposals from the Haggis engineers and
your recommendation for a project which will enhance production from Haggis.

Note: Wellflo graphs show gross production rates e.g. total production rates. Net production rates are
required for the well analysis.

The inflow-outflow diagram below is for Haggis-3 at 30% water cut and utilising an appropriate
flow correlation.
d) The Big Kahuna Oil Inc. is unfamiliar with the concept of nodal analysis used in this flow
simulation. You are asked to explain the process and the conditions for flow stability.

Table 3: Well Data

b) The well Haggis-3 is used as the base case well for the Haggis field throughout this exercise. To
minimise the computer time involved in simulations, the model contains only those components
that contribute significantly to the pressure drop along Haggis-3. These are shown on Table 4.
a) Using Haggis-3 as your case study, complete the missing data in Figure 2.
The Haggis Field

The Haggis Field

Diagram 1: Haggis-3 base case

Curve A represents the _________________________________________________.
Curve B represents the _________________________________________________.
The reservoir pressure is _____________psia (Point______).
The_________________ IPR model was used to produce this curve. Why was this chosen?
______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________.
Point ______ represents the operating point. The operating point is [stable/unstable]. Explain:
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________.
Nodal analysis may be carried out at any point in the producing system. In this report, the analysis
was carried out to find the operating point at the sandface (see above diagram).
Other typical examples of nodes selected during completion design are:
1)__________________________________________________________to evaluate
_________________________________________________________________________________
2)__________________________________________________________to evaluate
_________________________________________________________________________________
[11.5%]

[5%]

6
%

4
0

'

'

&

"

[4%]
Table 5: Haggis-3 Production Forecast
PRes.
WC
30%
35%
40%
45%

4770
2700

2600

2500

psia

2800

As a good manager, the first thing you have to do is evaluate the potential of what you have at the
moment. To achieve that, you must determine what effect the decline in reservoir pressure and the
increase in water cut will have on Haggis-3's production if nothing is done to improve its production.
In other words, determine the reservoir pressure and the water cut at which Haggis-3 will becomes
uneconomical to produce under the current production scenario.
The Haggis Field

The Haggis Field

d) A sensitivity study is outlined in Figures 6a, b and c for three plugging-off policies. Based on
the advantages and disadvantages you identified above, the most advantageous plugging off
policy is:____________________________________________________.
The minimum open interval at which Haggis-3 will produce economically under this policy is
________________________ft.
[2.5%]

You phone management and convince them to fund the pressure maintenance scheme. In addition,
they agree to provide a budget for an extra project to improve Haggiss production. In this section
you must select the best project from your engineers suggestions below.
Since production, and thus revenue, from Haggis is greatly affected by water production form the
field, Big Kahuna Oil Inc. defines the best production enhancement project for the Haggis field as the
one that sustains economical production form Haggis-3 at the highest water-cut. Therefore, this
should be the criterion you use to select the project you recommend to management.
C.1) Production Technology Solutions:
You walk into the teams senior production technologist office, and give him the good news from
management. He congratulates you, and immediately suggests that the project should be a production
technology project. He goes on to explain that as the Haggis wells are extremely damaged, acidising
all the wells make the field very profitable.
a) Determine the benefit from acidising Haggis-3 in terms of the maximum water cut at which the
acidised Haggis-3 will sustain economic production, if acidising restores the original rock
permeability. Figure 7 shows the sensitivity of Haggis-3 to water cut after acidising. The
maximum water cut at which the well can produce economically is ________%.
3

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(Use this result to compare the benefits from this project to the other proposed projects, and as a
basis for your recommendations in section D).
b) A production model of well Haggis-1 is already available and shows that Haggis-1 will produce
economically at maximum water cuts of 50 % after acidising. What are the implications of this if
it is decided to carry out a campaign in which all the Haggis wells are to be acidised?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
[3.5%]

The Haggis Field

c) The diagram below shows the inflow-outflow curves for Haggis-3 at the maximum economic
water cut after acidising. Assuming that acidising succeeds in restoring the original rock
permeability in both wells, sketch on the diagram the inflow-outflow curves for Haggis-1.

Diagram 2: Haggis-3 after acidising

[2%]
C.2) Suggestions from the Drilling Engineer:
The drilling engineer walks into your office and says that he heard that you were going around the
different departments asking for ideas on how to improve the field's production. He says that he
could have saved you all the trouble because he has the perfect solution. "Side-track the well", he
says. He goes on to explain that, he would have gone for a horizontal well. However, since Big
Kahuna have recently had bad luck with drilling horizontal sections longer than 400 ft, a 75 deviated
well through the reservoir is probably the better option from a drilling point of view.
a) Given the drilling departments recent experience with horizontal wells, should you side-track
Haggis-3 to a 400 ft horizontal well running through the middle of the reservoir or propose a 75
deviated well penetrating the whole of the reservoir height?

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D


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4
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R

5
X

5
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Option C2.a2 produces the better results because:

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
[3%]

The Haggis Field

b) Given the engineering and economic factors and assumptions below, design the optimum
horizontal well (to the nearest 500-ft) for the Haggis-3 side-track:
Length of build-up section is:
Pay-back Time:
Side-track cost:
Price of Oil:
Cost of Processing and Shipping:
Assumptions:

2000 ft-MD
6 months
US$850 /ft-MD
US$15/bbl
US$8 / bbl
1) Economics based on un-dicounted
cash flows
2) Production rate is constant for the first
6 months
3) Use Profit to Investment Ratio as
measure of value, see below.

(Profit to Investment (PI) Ratio = TCS/MCO where TCS is Terminal Cash Surplus and MCO is
Maximum Capital Outlay. The PI ratio is a measure of the cash surplus or profit generated for every
unit of currency invested.)
Table 6 below can be completed using the results from Figure 10 and taking in account the
above engineering and economic factors for drilling horizontal wells.
w

a
c

_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

(In the space above, enter the parameter, formulas used and intermediate working)

Table 6:Economic analysis of sidetracking Haggis-3.

The Haggis Field

c) Determine the benefit from side-tracking Haggis-3 in terms of the maximum water cut you can
economically produce the well with if it was side-tracked to the optimal horizontal length
determined above.

e
w

n
z

(Use this result to compare the benefits from this project to the other proposed projects, and
as a basis for your recommendations in section D).
[15%]

C.3) Another Production Technology Suggestion: Artificial Lift

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Cable Size
#1
#1
#2
#2

Given the current conditions choose the optimum pump for Haggis-3 g

562 Series
562 Series
562 Series
562 Series

Pump
GC 8200
HC 7000
HC 9000
KC 12000

Pump Types:
Setting Depth:
Minimum Equipment OD:
Maximum Equipment OD:
Platform Electricity Supply Frequency:
Assumptions:

Centrilift
5000ft
5
6.8
60Hz
1) Production tubing is unaltered.
2) No wear on Pump or motor i.e. wear
factor is 1.
3) Efficiency of the gas separator is 100%
i.e. separator efficiency is 1.
4) Viscosity and gassiness corrections are
used.

a) The Big Kahuna has had success with the following Centrilift pumps in the North Sea.

The Haggis Field

b) As water production is the limiting factor, the production technologist suggests halting water
injection and allowing the reservoir pressure to drop. Determine which pump would be
suitable in these conditions. Figures 13 a-d and Table C.3 are designed to assist you with that
determination.
PRes.
Psia
2800
2600
2400
2200
Pump
GC 8200
HC 7000
HC 9000
KC 12000
Table C.3: Haggis-3 Production Forecast with ESP installed,
** denotes rate outwith the operating range of the pump.

This pump is the optimum choice because

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________.
[5%]

c) Determine the benefit from installing an ESP in Haggis-3 using Figure 14 in terms of the
maximum water-cut at which the optimised pump will sustain economic production prior to
suspending water injection (i.e. no depletion, reservoir pressure 2800psia).

(Use this result to compare the benefits from this project to the other proposed projects, and
as a basis for your recommendations in section D).
[1.5%]

The Haggis Field

"

A gas lift design for Haggis-3 is undertaken based on current conditions


#

Max casing head pressure:

1200 psi
Gas available for injection:
20MM scf/d
Injected gas gravity:
0.6
Setting depth:
3900 ft
Valve differential pressure:
100 psia
Minimum spacing:
450 ft
Kill brine density:
0.465 psi / ft
Minimum safety margin (see A on diagram)
50 psi
Assumptions:
1) Production tubing is unaltered.
2) Unload the tubing full of static fluid
against the well head pressure (i.e. static
fluid to 0ft MD).
3) No transfer margin is required.
The gas lift design is shown below (Diagram 3). Note briefly on the diagram the roles of the
different valves in the design. The upper valves should be OPEN/CLOSED when assessing gas
lift capabilities during field life.

'

&

[3%]

The Haggis Field

b) Determine the optimum injection rate as the reservoir pressure declines from Figure 15 and
summarise the results in Table C.4.

PRes.

2800

2600

2400

2200

Psia

2000

Optimum
injection rate
MMscf/day
Table C.4: Optimum gas injection rate for Haggis-3.

Higher injection rates do not improve production as the reservoir declines because
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
[8%]
c) The gas lift scheme is redesigned using the optimum gas injection rate for a reservoir pressure
of 2800 psia. Determine the benefit from installing Gas Lift in Haggis-3 in terms of the
maximum water-cut at which the optimised injection rate will sustain economic production
using Figure 16.

(Use this result to compare the benefits from this project to the other proposed projects, and
as a basis for your recommendations in section D).
[2%]
C.4) Suggestions from the Facilities Engineer:
The gentleman behind you introduces himself as the Haggis field's facilities engineer when you are
walking to your car after a long day at the office. He shares with you a very interesting discovery he
made today. He explains that if you agree to provide a dedicated line from the Haggis wells to the
low-pressure separator, you can lower the average Xmas tree pressure to only 100 psia. He points out
that suggestions from the other department have large uncertainties associated with them since they
deal with the subsurface. His suggestion is simple, neat and will solve the field's problems.

[5%]

B
#

[2%]
5

&

'

The Haggis Field

The Haggis Field

Assess the production enhancement projects proposed by the Haggis field engineers in section C
above and compare them to one another and to the base case scenario. Bear in mind that Big
Kahuna Inc. has set the ranking criteria for these projects to be the maximum water-cut at which
Haggis-3 can sustain economic production (i.e. > 1500 STB oil/d).

U
D
b

'

[2.5%]
b) Recommend to management a plan of action which either recommends maintaining the base case
scenario or executes one of the proposed projects.
g

@
g

[5%]
3) A number of risks have been overlooked in this assessment since the maximum water cut at which
the wells will flow at an economic rate has been used as the ranking criteria for the above projects.
These risks add to the uncertainty of achieving the results on which your recommendation was
based. As the Haggis field team leader it is your duty to report and account for these risks to
management.
Complete Table 9 below which should identify three major risks that have been overlooked by
this assessment. Briefly explain how each one could add to the uncertainty of the assessment and
prescribe steps that need to be taken to account for their effects.

The Haggis Field

Risk/Uncertainty

How this adds uncertainty to

above assessment?

Steps that can be taken to account for

/ minimise this uncertainty

1)

2)

3)

'

[9%]

The Haggis Field

The Haggis Field

The Haggis Field

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The Haggis Field

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The Haggis Field

The Haggis Field

Figure 15: Performance analysis of the gas lift design, sensitivity to reservoir pressure and gas
injection rate.

"

"

The Haggis Field

"

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The Haggis Field