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PHYSICS AN INTRODUCTION
Q#1: Choose the correct answer of the statement from the given choices
I. Energy obtained by breaking 1kg of uranium is equal . to the energy obtained from burning
kg of oil.
II. In 20th century __________declared that mass and energy are forms of each other.
III. The branch of physics concern with the motion of body is known as
(a) Light (b) Sound (c) heat and thermodynamics (d) mechanics
(a) Heat and thermodynamics (b) Electromagnetism (c) Wave (d) Light
(a) Heat and thermodynamics (b) Electromagnetism (c) Sound (d) Light
XI.
XII.
XIII.
XIV.
XV.
XVI.
XVII.
XVIII.
XIX.
XX.
XXI.
XXIII.
XXIV.
Ans: The phenomena of universe which are governed by physics are as under
Ans: Physics is the branch of science which deals with the study of properties of matter, energy and
their mutual relationship.
Ans: every thing which has mass and occupies space is called matter.
Ans: Due to expanding scope and research in Physics, it is important to introduce different branches of
physics, so that every one can understand and study it more deeply.
Ans: That branch of Physics which deals with the motion and Physical effects which influence motion.
Ans: That branch of Physics which deals with the thermal energy possessed by the molecules of matter
and its use when it flows from one body to another.
Ans: That branch of Physics which deals with the Physical aspects of audible sound energy.
Ans: That branch of Physics which deals with the Physical aspects of visible light.
X. Define electromagnetism?
Ans: That branch of Physics which deals with the electric and magnetic phenomenon, and mutual
relationship between them.
Ans: That branch of Physics which deals with the properties of mater at atomic and molecular level.
Ans: That branch of Physics which deals with the properties of isolated nuclei of an atom.
Ans: That branch of Physics which deals with the properties of mater in plasma state.
Ans: That branch of Physics which deals with the properties of mater in solid state.
Ans: It is the branch of science in which we study the properties of heavenly bodies and interaction
between matter and energy in space.
Ans: The study of the internal structure of the earth and its activities like Seismography is called
Geophysics.
Ans: The study of Biological Sciences on the basic Principles of physics is called Biophysics.
Ans: As a Muslim we can observe the following application of physics in out daily life, we wake up early
in the morning when 'AZAN' is called out from nearby mosque on loud speaker, then we open the water
tap for ablution and many other religious duties with the different blessings of physics.
Ans: We can draw out water from a well by using a pulley which a blessing of physics.
XXI. How physics involved in drawing water from well and tube well?
Ans: The drawing of water from a well or obtaining it from tube well are governed by the laws of
physics.
Ans: At school we observe the following activities governed by the laws of physics
Ans: The drama shown on T.V. and programs recorded on VCR, CD, DVD and computer for the sake of
entertainment are outcome of research in physics.
Ans: the computer, telecommunication, aero planes and other fast means of communication and
transportation have shortened the distance and make this world a global village.
Ans: The vastness of physics could be understood as, even the imagination of a poet cannot reach the
immense distance in space which can easily be seen by physics.
Ans: Physics not only provide us physical comforts through their new inventions and research but also
provide the vital evidence required to understand nature.
Ans: As we know that atom bomb has emerged as a mean for destruction and devastation, but on the
other hand it has great source of energy to meet our over increasing energy demands.
Ans: If ever a man is able to control the fusion reaction then he would never face the shortage of energy
in world forever in future.
OR
By controlling the fusion reaction, with the help of physics, we can meet our ever increasing energy
demands.
Ans: Physics has not only made progress in its own field but it has also introduced new avenues of
research in other fields of knowledge.
Ans: By providing the microscope, physics, which plays an important role in the progress of biology, and
going a step further the electron microscope unveiled many hidden realities.
XXXI. How physics brought revolutionary changes in diagnostic techniques of medical science?
Ans: The discovery of X-rays, ultrasonic, LASER, E.C.G, E.E.G, Fiber optics and numerous other such tools
have brought revolutionary changes in the diagnostic techniques of medical sciences.
Ans: Today living on the earth, we can communicate with the astronauts in space, the games of cricket,
hockey or Olympics being played anywhere in the world can be witnessed directly by research in
physics.
XXXIII. Write the names of fields our daily life on which physics has registered its glory?
Ans: Physics has registered its glory on the following fields of our daily life
(a) Commerce and industry (b) Trade (c) Agriculture (d) Education (e)
Ans: A specific method used to search for truth is called scientific method.
(a)Observation (b) Hypothesis (c) Experiment (d) Theory (e) Prediction (f) Law
XXXVI. Explain the scientific method with the help of a block diagram?
Ans: diagram
Ans: This is the first step in scientific method make observation of nature processes and to collect the
data about them.
Ans: It's our common observation that shadow of an opaque object is formed when it is placed in the
path of light coming from the sun or a lamp, this is observation of nature.
Ans: On the basis of the data collected through observations or experimentation, we can develop a
hypothesis.
Ans: Scientific observation can be done either by ordinary observation of natural phenomenon or by
obtaining the results from different experiments.
Ans: experiment is an organized repeatable process which is used to test the truth of hypothesis.
Ans: Take three card boards A,B and C each with a hole are place in a straight line, such that the hole in
card A is in front of a lamp. When we see through the hole of card C, we can see the light of the lamp. If
any of these cards is displaced, we cannot see light through the hole of C. thus this experiment proves
that light travels in a straight line.
Ans: it plays a role like a back bone in scientific method, on the basis of experiment a hypothesis
becomes theory, and after the verification theory becomes law.
Ans: Hypothesis after the successful verification of an assumption and with the help of careful
experimentation becomes a theory.
Ans: Theory explains the different phenomenon of nature on the basis of similarities and it could be
applicable for similar phenomenon.
Ans: It is step of scientific method between theory and law; it is the pre-guess about the similar
phenomenon on the basis of hypothesis and theory, which after verification becomes law.
Ans: The law is a statement regarding the behavior of nature and can predict about other aspects of
nature regarding those observation which have been performed for this.
Ans: A scientist by nature is enthusiastic to find the realities of nature. He is always like an admirer of
the truth and reality, who has courage to reject any false theory on the basis of his on experimentation.
Ans: there are hundreds of verses of the holy Quran in which Allah urges the believers that they should
study nature and ponder upon it.
Ans: In the Surah Al- Zumar in the Holy Quran Allah says “Say (Unto them, O Muhammad, peace be
upon him): are the who know equal with those who know not?” (Al- Zumar, verse 9)
LII. What holy Quran order about the observation of nature to us?
LIII. What is the way of success in this life and hereafter according to Islam?
Ans: The Holy Quran orders the conquest of nature with the help of the knowledge, along with deep
thought, to benefit from it so that Muslims may be successful in this life and the life hereafter.
Ans: It is normally thought that Europeans received the light of scientific knowledge from Greek
scientists.
Ans: The famous Greek scientists were Pythagoras, Euclid’s, Archimedes, Aristotle, and Plato.
Ans: The true spirit of research, observation and Experimentation, was transferred to Europeans from M
Muslim scientists.
Ans: Greek Scientists are ignorant of the arduous (tough) testing path to research and curiosity (desire of
reading), While the Muslim Scientists are the founder of true spirit of research, i.e. Observation,
Experimentation and Measurements.
Ans: The Theories of Greek Scientists are based on there general observation, While the theories of
Muslim Scientists were based on the Scientific method.
LIX. Write the names of any five Muslim scientists who achieved greatness in Physics.
Ans: There are many Muslim Scientists who made the stepping stones of Knowledge for European
Scientists; some of them are Alberuni, Alkundi, Al-Khwarizmi, Ibn-ul-hathem, Abdus Slam, Abdul Qadeer.
Ans: This great scientist is known for his exceptional work in field of Optics.
Ans: In this book Ibn-ul-hathem explained the nature of light for first time in world.
Ans: Ibn-ul-hathem declared light to be a form of energy in the day when scientists were unaware even
of the word “energy”.
He described the working and internal structure of eye in his book first time.
Ans: By making a small hole in door of a window during solar eclipse, he viewed the light of sun an the
opposite wall and in this way he invented the pinhole camera.
Ans: Abu-Rehan Alberuni was the Muslim Scientist who joined court of Muslim conqueror Mehmood
Ghaznave as His courtier.
LXX. Who built the Observatory for the Muslim Scientist Alberuni?
Ans: Mehmood Ghaznave was the Muslim conqueror who built the Observatory for Alberuni, when he
realized that Alberuni is interested in Observation and Experimentation.
Ans: Alberuni wrote many books on Physics but two are as Qanoon Almasoodi, Kitab-ul-Astrolabe.
Ans: In this book he discussed the measurement of Earth, Shape of Earth, the movement of sun and the
moon, the shaping of moon and its different Phases and the movement of five large planets. One of his
greatest achievements is the determination of longitude and latitude of the Earth.
Ans: In this book he explained the methods to work out the circumference of the earth and the depth of
river. He also explained the method of determining the density of metals.
LXXIV. Who revealed that the Indus valley was infect the basin of big ocean?
Ans: Alberuni was revealed that the Indus Valley was infect the basin of a big ocean which gradually
filled with mud.
Ans: Alberuni was the Scientist who discovered the circumference of earth in early times.
Ans: Alkundi worked on sound and music and wrote many books on this topic.
Ans: Alkundi wrote many books regarding sound and music shows that the Muslims were well
conversant centuries ago with music which is now popular in European universities.
LXXIX. Why Dr. Abdus Slam was awarded noble prize in Physics?
Ans: He was awarded Prestigious Noble prize in 1979 on his work of combining two basic forces of
nature, i.e. weak nuclear force and electromagnetic force.
Ans: Dr. Abdus Slam was combined two basic forces of nature i.e. weak nuclear force and
electromagnetic force.
LXXXI. From where when and why Dr. Abdul Qadeer was returned to Pakistan?
Ans: Dr. Abdul Qadeer was returned to Pakistan from Urenco Enrichment Plant (Holland) in 1975, and
patriotic spirit forced him to return.
LXXXII. Which Laboratory was renamed as recognition of his services for nation?
Ans: Kahuta Research Laboratories (Islamabad) was renamed as Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan Laboratories, in
recognition of his services for nation.
Ans: Pakistan became seventh nuclear power of world in 28 th May 1998, When it tested six successful
tests at Chaghi in Baluchistan.
Q#6: Define the scientific method and explain its different steps?