MultiPhase Flow Metering On its Way

MultiPhase Flow Metering MultiPhase Flow Metering
on its way from nursing to mature technology on its way from nursing to mature technology
Lex Scheers, 19-11-2009
E-mail : lex.scheers@shell.com
1
1
LS, Feb 2009
Production
Measurement
Team
Title
Multi Multi- -Phase Flow Metering Phase Flow Metering
On its way from nursing to mature technology On its way from nursing to mature technology
Lex Scheers Lex Scheers
lex.scheers@shell.com lex.scheers@shell.com
Advanced Production
Management
VSL, Delft
16 Nov 2009
2
LS, Feb 2009
Production
Measurement
Team
1. Introduction
2. Stripping the Facilities
3. Multiphase Flow Metering
4. Performance Maps
5. MPM Technology
6. Conclusions
3
LS, Feb 2009
Production
Measurement
Team
Introduction
- The product balance
G
A
S
G
A
S
O
I
L
O
I
L
W
A
T
E
R
W
A
T
E
R
RESERVOIR
G
A
S
G
A
S
W
A
T
E
R
W
A
T
E
R
W
A
T
E
R

W
A
T
E
R

D
I
S
P
O
S
A
L
D
I
S
P
O
S
A
L
SALES GAS SALES GAS
SALES OIL SALES OIL
FLARE GAS, FLARE GAS,
OWN USE OWN USE
$
$
$
$
$
$
$ $ $
PRODUCTION FACILITY
for each phase
in = out
4
LS, Feb 2009
Production
Measurement
Team
Introduction
- Flowrate measurements
Fiscal/Sales Allocation
Taxation / royalty / sales
Production allocation to partners in joint pipelines
Reservoir Management
Maximise hydrocarbon recovery at prevailing economic and
technical conditions, e.g.
Planning primary, secondary and tertiary development
Depletion policy, Injection/production balance
Production forecast and future project ranking
Operational Control
Well surveillance
Artificial lift optimisation
Process and equipment performance
Production targets and constraints
Allocate bulk measurements to individual wells or reservoir
5
LS, Feb 2009
Production
Measurement
Team
Costs vs Value of Information
The The
Value Value
Loop Loop
Interpretation
&
Modeling
Data
Gathering
Decisions
&
Actions
Hydrocarbon
Assets
For any production measurement device (incl. MPFMs)
we have to compare Costs, Value of Information and Accuracy
and we need to select the optimum.
Production Measurement costs
are known
Challenge is to determine the
Value of Information
Accuracy for MPFM
is not yet fully defined
You cant manage
what
you cant measure
6
LS, Feb 2009
Production
Measurement
Team
Cos t Effectivenes s of Meas uring Equipment
Acceptable uncertainty (percent)
C
o
s
t

(
U
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S
.

d
o
l
l
a
r
s
)
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Measurement costs decrease
Losses and risks (wrong decisions) increase
Optimum cost
with increasing uncertainty
per measurement
Acceptable uncertainty (%)
C
o
s
t
s

(
A
U
)
Measurement costs decrease
Losses and risks (wrong decisions) increase
Cost Effectiveness of Measuring
Equipment
Optimum cost
per measurement
Economic considerations
- Accuracy vs. Costs
2
7
LS, Feb 2009
Production
Measurement
Team
1. Introduction
4. Performance Maps
5. MPM Technology
6. Conclusions
8
LS, Feb 2009
Production
Measurement
Team
Production facility configuration
- Conventional facilities
To Bulk separator
Wells
Test
separator
Test header
Bulk header
Test line
Bulk line
9
LS, Feb 2009
Production
Measurement
Team
Multi-Phase Flow Meters are around
already for years
Input:
MultiPhase Flow
Output:
Oil, Water and Gas
Production Figures
MPFM mainstream development started around 1990
Laboratory trials 1991 - 1995
Field trials 1993 - 1996
Commercially available from 1996
10
LS, Feb 2009
Production
Measurement
Team
Manifolded Multiphase Flowmeter
To
Bulk separator
Wells
Test header
Bulk header
upto 20 km
MPFM
Multiphase Flow Meter
11
LS, Feb 2009
Production
Measurement
Team
Wellhead multiphase flow meters
To
Bulk separator
Wells
MPFM
Multiphase
Flow Meters
MPFM
MPFM
MPFM
MPFM
The ultimate aim !!!! surface MPFM or sub-surface MPFM
per individual well
12
LS, Feb 2009
Production
Measurement
Team
Great White Prospect Setting
8000-9000 WD
Remote
200 mi. S Freeport,
60-90 mi. from nearest host
Rugged Seafloor Terrain & Hazards
No Producing Analogues
Lack Reservoir Energy
Structurally Complex
Applications for Sales Allocation are embarking .....
(Courtesy of Shell EPW)
Perdido Regional Host (PRH) is owned by Shell, Chevron, and BP.
Currently there are three (3) fields that will be producing to the PRH
which are the Great White field, the Silvertip field, and the Tobago field.
The Great White field is owned by:
Shell, Chevron, BP
The Silvertip field is owned by:
Shell, Chevron
Tobago field is owned by:
Shell, Chevron, Nexen
Hous ton Ho us ton Be aumont Be aumont
Tx City Tx City
New Orleans New Orleans
SS 332 SS 332
Mad Dog Mad Dog
Atlantis Atlantis
Hols te in Hols tein
Port Arthur Port Arthur Ho uma Houma
ST301 ST301
Fourchon Fourcho n
Tahiti Tahiti
GC 19 GC 19
Auger Auge r
Great White Gre at White
Diana Hoover Diana Hoover
Jone s Cre e k Jone s Cre e k
To Cus hing To Cus hing
Boomvang
Nans e n
Boomvang
Nans en
Gunnis on Gunnis on
18, 88mbd
20, 170+mbd
30, 500mbd
GB72 GB72
Ench Ench
Hous ton Ho us ton Be aumont Be aumont
Tx City Tx City
New Orleans New Orleans
SS 332 SS 332
Mad Dog Mad Dog
Atlantis Atlantis
Hols te in Hols tein
Port Arthur Port Arthur Ho uma Houma
ST301 ST301
Fourchon Fourcho n
Tahiti Tahiti
GC 19 GC 19
Auger Auge r
Great White Gre at White
Diana Hoover Diana Hoover
Jone s Cre e k Jone s Cre e k
To Cus hing To Cus hing
Boomvang
Nans e n
Boomvang
Nans en
Gunnis on Gunnis on
18, 88mbd
20, 170+mbd
30, 500mbd
GB72 GB72
Ench Ench
Great White
3
13
LS, Feb 2009
Production
Measurement
Team
Train 1
Train 2
1
Rumuji
Manifold
7
2
G
T
S
1
S
lu
g
c
a
t
c
h
e
r
3 6 5
9
NLNG Site
Ubeta
Obiafu
Soku
Obite
Belema
Nembe
Creek
Ebocha
Oshie
Gas Supply to LNG plant
Base Project (simple)
GTS 1
Base Project
Expansion Project
Plus Project
SPDC
NAOC
EPNL
Train 6
14
LS, Feb 2009
Production
Measurement
Team
Train 1
Train 2
Train 3
Train 4
Train 5
Train 6
1
4
Rumuji
Manifold
12
7
2
8
G
T
S
1
S
lu
g
c
a
t
c
h
e
r
G
T
S
3
S
lu
g
c
a
t
c
h
e
r
G
T
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2
&
4
S
lu
g
c
a
t
c
h
e
r
24
21
26 23
17
16 18
14
15
22
OGGS RP-A
Manifold
3 6 5
19
25
13
10
11
9
20
NLNG Site
Kolo Creek
Ubeta
Otumara
Odidi
Forcados
Yokri
Bonga
Southern
Swamp
Forcardos
EA
H K
Amenam
Utapate
Connect may be moved
to GTS 2 due CO2
Gbaran
Nun
River
Obite
Oshie
Akri
Ebocha
Kwale
Irri
Idu Ogainbiri
Belema Nembe
Creek Soku
Bonny
NAG
20b
Tebida
20a
Obama
u
n
d
e
r
c
o
n
s
id
e
r
a
t
io
n
Gas Supply to Nigeria LNG
Extensions (it is getting a bit complex ....)
GTS 1
(owned by NLNG)
GTS 2 (EGGS, owned by SPDC))
GTS 3 (OGGS, owned by SPDC)
Connecting Spool removed
to allow fully independent
operation of GTS1 and GTS4
GTS 4 (proposed to be owned by NAOC)
Cawthorne
Channel
Base Project
Expansion Project
Plus Project
SPDC
NAOC
EPNL
Train 6
Obiafu
15
LS, Feb 2009
Production
Measurement
Team
Generic Two-Phase Flow Map
S
u
p
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r
f
i
c
i
a
l

L
i
q
u
i
d

V
e
l
o
c
i
t
y

(
m
/
s
)
10
1.0
0.1
1.0 10 100
Superficial Gas Velocity (m/s)
16
LS, Feb 2009
Production
Measurement
Team
1. Introduction
4. Performance Maps
5. MPM Technology
6. Conclusions
17
LS, Feb 2009
Production
Measurement
Team
Multiphase Flow Metering
- Building Blocks
No conditioning
(in-line, models)
Mixer
Separation
1. Conditioning
Positive displacement meter
Venturi/Orifice measurement
Cross correlation X X
2. Flowrate/Velocity
2 1 3+ Gamma or x-ray absorption
Capacitance
Microwave
Dual venturi
Conductive / Inductance
3. Composition 1 = + +
Gas Oil Water

I
4. Algorithms
MPFModels

18
LS, Feb 2009
Production
Measurement
Team
Schlumberger MultiPhase Flow Meter
Building Blocks
2

4
19
LS, Feb 2009
Production
Measurement
Team
Roxar MultiPhase Flow Meter
Building Blocks
1
I
I I
(Optional)

20
LS, Feb 2009
Production
Measurement
Team
Agar MultiPhase Flow Meter
Building Blocks

21
LS, Feb 2009
Production
Measurement
Team
Haimo MultiPhase Flow Meter
Building Blocks
2
1 1

22
LS, Feb 2009
Production
Measurement
Team
FlowSys/PietroFiorentini MultiPhase Flow Meter
Flow
Models
Capacitance
and
Conductance
Venturi (dp)
WC
GVF
Oil
Water
Gas
X-correlation
(Velocity)
Fraction
Models
Capacitance and
Conductance
electrodes
Venturi
(diff. pressure)
Flow direction
Building Blocks
I I
I

23
LS, Feb 2009
Production
Measurement
Team
AccuFlow MultiPhase Flow Meter
Building Blocks
Single
Phase
Liquid
Single
Phase
Gas
24
LS, Feb 2009
Production
Measurement
Team
MPM MultiPhase Flow Meter
Compact design
Simple field configuration
Redundancy
WetGas / MultiPhase Mode
Water salinity measurement
Non-radioactive version
Design press. up to 15.000 PSI
Design temp up to 250 degC
Topside (and SubSea)
Building Blocks
1

3D Broadband
tomography
RUN
VIDEO
RUN
VIDEO
5
25
LS, Feb 2009
Production
Measurement
Team
1. Introduction
4. Performance Maps
5. MPM Technology
6. Conclusions
26
LS, Feb 2009
Production
Measurement
Team
MPFM Diversity
Large diversity in available technology which
results in a large diversity in:
Uncertainty specification
Performance specifications
Influence of fluid parameters
Operating Envelopes
Presentation of test results
hence need for :
Guidance on which technology should be used
How to determine operating envelopes
How to test meters What is accuaracy
Limitations
It is too early for standards on the technology itself
but it ispossible to produce guidelines and/or standards
on how to test, implement and use the technology
!!! !!!
27
LS, Feb 2009
Production
Measurement
Team
Standardization / Guidelines
DTI (UK)
- Guidance notes for Petroleum Measurement,
Module 7 (Dec 2003)
API
- Multiphase Flow - White paper
- RP86, Well rate determination
NFOGM
- Handbook for Multiphase Flow Measurement
1
st
version issued 1995
2
nd
version issued 2005
Large number of publications
Current activities regarding best practices and/or guidelines
for the design and operation of MultiPhase Flow Meters
FOR FREE FOR FREE FOR FREE FOR FREE
FOR FREE FOR FREE FOR FREE FOR FREE
28
LS, Feb 2009
Production
Measurement
Team
Presentation of performance [1]
- Liquid Flowrate and Watercut as 45 line
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Reference Watercut (%)
F
l
o
w
S
y
s
W
a
t
e
r
c
u
t

(
%
)
Water-continuous
emulsion
Oil-continuous
emulsion
Reference Watercut (%)
W
a
t
e
r
c
u
t

(
%
)
Watercut
Watercut
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Reference Liquid FlowRate (m
3
/h)
F
lo
w
S
y
s
L
iq
u
id
F
lo
w
R
a
t
e
(
m
3
/h
)
10%
Reference Liquid Flow (m
3
/d)
L
i
q
u
i
d

F
l
o
w

(
m
3
/
d
)
10%
Liquid Flowrate
Liquid Flowrate
28
29
LS, Feb 2009
Production
Measurement
Team
- Liquid Flowrate and Watercut as function of GVF
-50%
-40%
-30%
-20%
-10%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
GVF (%)
D
e
v
ia
tio
n
in
L
iq
u
id
F
lo
w
R
a
te
(%
)
Water continuous
Oil-continuous
-50%
-40%
-30%
-20%
-10%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
GVF (%)
D
e
v
ia
tio
n
in
w
a
te
rc
u
t (%
)
Water continuous
Oil-continuous.
-50%
-40%
-30%
-20%
-10%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
GVF (%)
D
e
v
ia
tio
n
in
G
a
s
F
lo
w
R
a
te
(%
)
Water continuous
Oil-continuous
Watercut
Watercut
Liquid Flowrate
Liquid Flowrate
Gas Flowrate
Gas Flowrate
30
LS, Feb 2009
Production
Measurement
Team
- Based on Two-Phase Flow Map and a Diameter
4 line
4 line
7,005
700
70.0
700 7,005 70,045
Actual Gas Flow rate (m
3
/d)
A
c
t
u
a
l

L
i
q
u
i
d

F
l
o
w

r
a
t
e

(
m
3
/
d
)
6
31
LS, Feb 2009
Production
Measurement
Team
Well Trajectory in Two-Phase Flow Map
10
100
1,000
10,000
100 1,000 10,000 100,000
Gas Flowrate (m3/d) at actual conditions
L
i
q
u
i
d

F
l
o
w
r
a
t
e

(
m
3
/
d
)
GVF=50% GVF=9.1% GVF=90.9%
GVF=99.0%
GVF=99.9%
W
e
t

G
a
s

A
r
e
a
In-line
Multi-Phase
Flow Meter
problem area
Typical position of
boundary between
slug and mist flow
Uncertainty
in prediction
32
LS, Feb 2009
Production
Measurement
Team
Well trajectory in Composition Map
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Watercut (%)
G
V
F

(
%
)

a
t

a
c
t
u
a
l

c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s
OIL WATER
GAS
In-line
Multi-Phase
Flow Meter
net-oil
uncertainty
deterioration
Wet Gas Area
Gassy Liquid
Uncertainty
in prediction
33
LS, Feb 2009
Production
Measurement
Team
MultiPhase Flow Meter test results
in 2-phase flowmap
10
100
1,000
10,000
100 1,000 10,000 100,000
Gas Flowrate (m3/d) at actual conditions
L
i
q
u
i
d

F
l
o
w
r
a
t
e

(
m
3
/
d
)
GVF=50% GVF=9.1% GVF=90.9%
GVF=99.0%
GVF=99.9%
Uncertainty
5% Liquid
5% Gas
Uncertainty
10% Liquid
10% Gas
Reference
MPFM
34
LS, Feb 2009
Production
Measurement
Team
MultiPhase Flow Meter test results
in composition map
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Watercut (%)
G
V
F

(
%
)

a
t

a
c
t
u
a
l

c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s
OIL WATER
GAS
Uncertainty
7.5% watercut
Uncertainty
5.0% watercut
Uncertainty
2.5% watercut
Uncertainty
>10% watercut
Gassy Liquid
Wet Gas Area
Uncertainty
5.0% watercut
Reference
MPFM
35
LS, Feb 2009
Production
Measurement
Team
Liquid, Gas and Watercut Cumulative Deviation Plots
Meter E
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
Deviation (%)
C
u
m
u
l
a
t
i
v
e
(
%

o
f

t
e
s
t

p
o
i
n
t
s
)
Liquid
Gas
Watercut
Lex.Scheers@Shell.com
Liquid, Gas and Water Cumulative Deviation Plots
Meter E
36
LS, Feb 2009
Production
Measurement
Team
Liquid, Gas and Watercut Cumulative Deviation Plots
Meter B
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
Deviation (%)
C
u
m
u
l
a
t
i
v
e
(
%

o
f

t
e
s
t

p
o
i
n
t
s
)
Liquid
Gas
Watercut
Lex.Scheers@Shell.com
Liquid, Gas and Water Cumulative Deviation Plots
Meter B
7
37
LS, Feb 2009
Production
Measurement
Team
1. Introduction
4. Performance Maps
5. MPM Technology
6. Conclusions
38
LS, Feb 2009
Production
Measurement
Team
Field Qualification Program
- Timing
All tests performed using the
same unit
3 MPM Meter
Made as per Gullfaks
Specifications
K-Lab
Oct 06
Gullfaks A
Dec 06
MPM Lab
Sept 06 Jan 07
Gullfaks A
Feb 07 - now
Gullfaks A - operation
Sponsors
39
LS, Feb 2009
Production
Measurement
Team
Field Qualification Program
- Test conditions, Sep 2006 - Jan 2007
Note: (1) Reference system improvements from Dec 06 to Jan 07
Meter taken into permanent use in Feb 07 for well testing
MPM Flow Lab K-Lab Test Gullfaks A Gullfaks A
FAT Sept '06 Oct '06 Dec '06 Jan '07
No of test points 220 46 13 10
GVF 0 - 92 % 25 - 99,9 % 40 - 96 % 20 - 95 %
WLR 0 - 95 % 0 - 70 % 2 - 78 % 2 - 85 %
Pressure < 10 bar 120 bar 60 bar 60 bar
Oil Exxol D 140 Condensate Crude Crude
830 kg/m3 620 kg/m3 780 - 840 kg/m3 780 - 840 kg/m3
(1) (1)
40
LS, Feb 2009
Production
Measurement
Team
Field Qualification Program, MPM flowloop
- Cumulative Deviation Plot
MPM Multiphase Flowmeter
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18% 20%
Deviation (%)
Cumulative
(% of test points)
Liquid
Gas
Watercut
Average = 0.60 % StDev = 1.87 %
Used liqui d testpoints = 97
Average = 1.02 % StDev = 3.65
Used gas testpoints = 75
Used watercut testpoi nts = 97
Average = -0.24 abs% StDev = 1.27 abs%
Sep 2006
41
LS, Feb 2009
Production
Measurement
Team
Field Qualification Program, K-Lab
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18% 20%
Deviation (%)
Cumulative
(% of test points)
Liquid
Gas
Watercut
Average = -0.43 StDev = 4.96
Used li qui d testpoints = 39
Average = 1.24 % StDev = 1.94 %
Used gas testpoints = 46
Average = -0.52 abs% StDev = 2.20 abs%
Nov 2006
42
LS, Feb 2009
Production
Measurement
Team
Field Qualification Program, Gullfaks A, Statoil
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18% 20%
Deviation (%)
Cumulative
(% of test points)
Liquid
Gas
Watercut
Average = 2.74 % StDev = 3.40
Used li qui d testpoi nts = 10
Average = -0.33 StDev = 3.12 %
Used gas testpoi nts = 10
Average = 1.12 abs% StDev = 2.07 abs%
Jan 2007
8
43
LS, Feb 2009
Production
Measurement
Team
1. Introduction
4. Performance Maps
5. MPM Technology
6. Conclusions
44
LS, Feb 2009
Production
Measurement
Team
Multiphase Flow Metering (MPFM) is on its way from nursing to
mature technology, however proper attention is required in the
implementation and operational phases.
MPFM and WGM issues that require further attention
Limited number of manufacturers
Use of radioactive sources
WGM for 2 or 3 phases (liq/gas or water/oil/gas
High GVF and high watercut performance
Close the gap between MPFM and WGM
Pricing (accuracy vs CAPEX/OPEX)
Specification and performance formats
Standardisation / Guidelines
Improved accuracy (for fiscal and sales allocation service)
Testloop and Field verification procedures
Conclusions
- MultiPhase and Wet Gas Flow Metering

MultiPhase Flow Metering On its Way

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