Acv Comparação Databases Mundo

Extending the current databases for the LCA of building materials: an EU-
USA comparison.
Journal: SETAC Europe Annual Meeting 2008
Manuscript ID: LC04A-3
Day, Time Slot, and Room: WED PM, Kisielewski Hall
Date Submitted by the
Author:
26-May-2008
Complete List of Authors: Traverso, Marzia
SETAC Europe 2008
SETAC Europe 18th Annual Meeting,
25-29 May 2008, Warsaw, Poland
Extending the current databases
Extending the current databases
for the LCA of building materials:
for the LCA of building materials:
an EU
an EU
-
-
US comparison
US comparison
Traverso M., Rizzo G. Traverso M., Rizzo G.
Dipartimento di Ricerche Energetiche ed Ambientali (DREAM), Dipartimento di Ricerche Energetiche ed Ambientali (DREAM),
University of Palermo University of Palermo
viale viale delle delle Scienze Scienze, , edificio edificio 9, 90128 Palermo, Italy 9, 90128 Palermo, Italy
Email contact: Email contact: traverso@dream.unipa.it traverso@dream.unipa.it; ; marziatraverso@gmail.com marziatraverso@gmail.com
Page 1 of 20 SETAC Europe 2008
2 2
SETAC Europe 18th Annual Meeting SETAC Europe 18th Annual Meeting - - LC04A LC04A- -3 3
The building sector
The building sector
The construction and operation of buildings consumes over The construction and operation of buildings consumes over
a third of the world a third of the world s energy consumption, and 40% of all s energy consumption, and 40% of all
the mined resources. the mined resources.
Buildings;
48%
Transportation;
27%
Industry;
25%
Energy
Consumption
of United States
Industry;
29%
Transportation;
30%
Buildings;
41%
Energy
Consumption of
European Union
So striving to make buildings more sustainable, while saving So striving to make buildings more sustainable, while saving
energy, improving technological equipments, saving construction energy, improving technological equipments, saving construction
and operating costs and reducing the waste and environmental and operating costs and reducing the waste and environmental
impacts is not only possible and practical, it should be the goa impacts is not only possible and practical, it should be the goal of l of
the building industry and of all national and local administrati the building industry and of all national and local administrations. ons.
3 3
LCA and ISO
LCA and ISO
The ISO 14040 series have been The ISO 14040 series have been
released to standardize the LCA released to standardize the LCA
procedure, but there are still procedure, but there are still
several differences in the obtained several differences in the obtained
results results, depending of the , depending of the
production cycle of products and on production cycle of products and on
the local conditions. the local conditions.
The
Standardization
of the procedure
But different local
conditions mean
different results of
LCA
ISO 14041
ISO 14042
ISO 14043
4 4
LCA and databases
LCA and databases
During the last years several databases have been During the last years several databases have been
carried out for collecting local data and for inferring carried out for collecting local data and for inferring
dataset for new application in the same geographical dataset for new application in the same geographical
and technological conditions. and technological conditions.
Then every database supplier is trying to extend the Then every database supplier is trying to extend the
own database to other geographical and technological own database to other geographical and technological
conditions conditions
Main databases and their supplier locations
Simapro
5 5
Some databases in United States
Some databases in United States
Athena
Institute
Alluminium
Association
EIO-LCA.net
Building Design
Advisor 1.0
GBtool
LCI database
LCA project
6 6
CMLCA 4.2
DEAM Impact,
DEAM
DIM 1.0
ecoinvent
Data v1.2
EIME V2.4
Eurofer
data sets
esu-services
database v1
Eurofer data sets
GaBi 4.2
SimaPro 7
Eco-
Quantum
KCL-ECO 4.0
LCA Database
for the Forest
Wood Sector
ProBas
SALCA 061
IVAM LCA
Data 4.04
sirAdos 1.2.
Societal Life Cycle
Inventory, Version 0.1
The Boustead Model 5.0.12
Waste
Technologies
Data Centre
Some databases
Some databases
in European
in European
Union
Union
7 7
A comparison of some US databases
A comparison of some US databases
CORRIM/Athena Aluminium
Steel North
America
BRE
Canadian Raw
Materials
Database
Data quality
Data specified as primary
or secondary, six DQ
parameters, compare to
published data
DQI values given with data in
appendices; group met an evaluated
each data point
DQI's described
DQ descriptors
described; preferred
sources of data
brief discussion;peer
Estimated/M
issing data
data estimates must be
practical and
approppriate;use process
analysis
average of reported data
secondary or
surrogate
commercial databases
calculated, based on
average of reported
Uncertainty/
sensivity
no discussion ND
mean, max and
stand. Deviation
calculated;
selected
sensitivity anal.
gross calorific value of
economic fuels
extracted
ND
Energy of
Material
resources
energy values as if fuel
burned
higher heating value of extracted
resources
ND
combustion values, but
for non-economic
energy sources such as
timber
for material considered
as energy sources
Boundaries
excludes construction of
plants, vehicles
exclude capital assets, transport
infrastructure and human activities
associated with production; man.
Scrap and post consumer ready for
tranport at shipping location; fuel
emissions from North American
factors
capital infra.,
personnel imputs
and outputs
cradle-to-gate or cradle-
to-grave, suggest 60
year life, energy to heat
and cool included,
burning waste materials
included, exclude capital
equipment
cradle-to-grave ot
gate; Canadian or
Canadian/U.S.
systems, average
production technology
used
Electricity
grids
regional or smaller
U.S. census regions, Canada
national grid, Weston hydropower,
smelter-based industry supplied
grid, North American used for off-
shore
2 NERC regions
for U.S., and also
used for Canadina
operations
UK national grid, or
specific information if
available
Canadian national grid
Co-Product
Allocation
use mass or volume energy or mass
mass or economic
value
physical properties
preferred, economic
allowed; two products
from a single stream
allocate burdens on
revenue
mass, or other
physical basis
Recycling
post consumer is free,
other are fully burdened,
some latitude given for
gray areas
100% virgin and 100% recycled
handled separately, allocations
unknown
ready for
transport at
shippig location
closed loop: consumer
scrpa unburdened; opne
loop residual value off
waste used; preferred
no burdens to recycles
materials.
pre-consumer and
postconsumer modeled
with no burdens from
virgin systems
Data quality
Estimated/Missing
data
Uncertainty/sensivity
Energy of Material
resources
Boundaries
Electricity grids
Co-Product Allocation
Recycling
8 8
The approach of European Platform
The approach of European Platform
The European Platform on Life Cycle Assessment that the
main purpose is to improve credibility, acceptance and practice
of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) in business and public
authorities, by providing reference data and recommended
methods for LCA studies.
CMLCA 4.2
ecoinvent Data v1.2
EIME V2.4
Eurofer
data sets
GaBi 4.2
SimaPro 7
ProBas
IVAM LCA
Data 4.04
sirAdos 1.2.
The Boustead
Model 5.0.12
Waste
Technologies
Data Centre
European Reference Life Cycle Data System
(ELCD) with Inventory data and Impact
Assessment factors
LCA information hub to ease the access to
data and methods and to facilitate knowledge
exchange.
DIM 1.0
9 9
A weak point
A weak point
Anyway Anyway when you when you

have to apply the have to apply the
LCA procedure to LCA procedure to
a country without a country without
any database, any database,
you still have to you still have to
collect local data or collect local data or
to adjust one of the to adjust one of the
existed database to existed database to
the local condition. the local condition.
It means spending money,
time and human resource to
research on it.
Moreover frequently the
administration (national or
local) needs to have an
idea of the energy
consumption and
environmental impact of the
considered building process
and material in a short time
10 10
A new
A new
point
point
of view
of view
Several
existed
database
UNTIL NOW
Starting
from one
building
product of
common
interest
Every
existed
database
Has been
adjusted to
The
different
local
conditions
inferring a justifiable
range of values for
the meaningful LCA
indexes (Embodied
Energy, GWP and so
on) From the current
databases
New
approach
11 11
Selection of common building products
of US and EU interest
An accurate survey of
existed databases
An accurate analysis of An accurate analysis of
existing databases, It is existing databases, It is
important to single out important to single out
the dataset relative to the dataset relative to
the favourite building the favourite building
materials used in materials used in
western part of the western part of the
world. world.
Singling out a Singling out a
building product or building product or
element of common element of common
interest in United interest in United
States and States and
European Union European Union
Market needs
Meaningful productivity
Characteristics of material
Meaningful environmental
impacts
12 12
The different procedure of selection
The different procedure of selection
Singling out a
Building Material
Market
needs
Energy
intensity
Air
emissions
Solid
wastes
Water
emissions
L
C
A
r
e
s
u
l
t
s Material
properties
Significance of
production
E
c
o
n
o
m
i
c

s
t
a
t
i
s
t
i
c
s
A chosen
building material
E
c
o
-
s
e
l
e
c
t
o
r
13 13
A List of main building materials
This is the first list
of building
materials that we
are going to take in
account for
evaluating the
building sector and
starting the new
research approach.
Building materials
Acrylic Linoleum
Aggregates Lumber product
Aluminium Marble
Carpet tiles Metal building products
Cellulosa insulation Natural stone
Cement Plasterboard
Ceramic Plywood
Clay Poplar
Concrete block Porcelain tiles
Construction aggregates Precast concrete
Face brick PVC pipes
Fiberglass Specialty wood products
Foam insulation Steel siding
Glass Vinyl window
Granite tile Wood veneer
Gypsum wallboard Wood Windows
Hardwood flooring products
14 14
A comparison of the LCI and LCIA
values
values
After we have selected a common building product, it is After we have selected a common building product, it is
important to make a comparison among the different LCI and important to make a comparison among the different LCI and
LCIA values of this chosen product from different current LCIA values of this chosen product from different current
databases ( databases (Simapro Simapro, Athena, GAbi4 and so on). , Athena, GAbi4 and so on).
A matrix
approach
GABi 4 SIMAPRO
SIB LCA
tool
Boustead BRE DIM 1.0 Athena
And so
on
Years of data
Geographical
reference
Boundaries
Technological
equipment
considered
Energy mix
considered
Data quality
Value of Embodied
Energy
Value of Global
Warming Potential
Value of
Acidification
Value of
Eutrophication
Recycling
And so on..
Age of data
Geographical
reference
Boundaries
Technological
equipment
Energy mix
Data quality
Value of Embodied
Energy
Value of Global
Warming Potential
Value of
Acidification
Value of
Eutrophication
Recycling
And so on..
15 15
values
values
Where it is possible connecting and justifying the Where it is possible connecting and justifying the
differences with reasonable motivations such as: different differences with reasonable motivations such as: different
technological equipments, different phases of life cycle, technological equipments, different phases of life cycle,
different kinds of fuels and so on. different kinds of fuels and so on.
Moreover trying to understand the most meaningful Moreover trying to understand the most meaningful
environmental steps of production of the considered environmental steps of production of the considered
material, according to the European Ecolabel criteria, when material, according to the European Ecolabel criteria, when
they are available. they are available.
At last you can have a range of values of the main indexes At last you can have a range of values of the main indexes
of LCA procedure for the chosen building product. of LCA procedure for the chosen building product.
Low
value
High
value
Best
BAT Best Energy mix Others
16 16
Then it is important to calibrate data and inferring one or
more parameters for applying existing dataset of results
in different places.
In particular these parameters should allow you to pass
from the American data to European and vice versa.
So, when the local data is not available it would be
possible to estimate the embodied energy and the
environmental impact of the considered product with a
reasonable approximation.
Moreover it is particularly meaningful for country and
region as Sicily, where there is not a local database, and
collecting these data means spending and using a big
amount of money and human resources.
The main affecting parameters in a
The main affecting parameters in a
product built in two different sites
product built in two different sites
17 17
Conclusions
Conclusions
This work has tried to introduce a new This work has tried to introduce a new
challenge and a procedure for facing up it challenge and a procedure for facing up it
and a tentative and a tentative guidelines guidelines for approaching for approaching
the merging of different dataset, applying it to the merging of different dataset, applying it to
different productive and geographical situations. different productive and geographical situations.
It is possible to summarize the main steps It is possible to summarize the main steps
for dealing with this purpose for dealing with this purpose
18 18
Conclusions:
Conclusions:
the main steps of new approach
the main steps of new approach
Analysis and selection of the existing databases in Analysis and selection of the existing databases in EU and US EU and US
with building products with building products
Selection of common building product of US and EU interest Selection of common building product of US and EU interest
also by using different procedures (Economic statistics, LCA and also by using different procedures (Economic statistics, LCA and
Eco Eco- -selector tool). selector tool).
Comparison of the current LCA database results of the chosen Comparison of the current LCA database results of the chosen
building product by a matrix approach building product by a matrix approach
Inferring a range of results Inferring a range of results of embodied energy and other of embodied energy and other
indexes of LCA of the chosen element by current databases. indexes of LCA of the chosen element by current databases.
Inferring the main affecting parameters for allowing to adjust Inferring the main affecting parameters for allowing to adjust
the range of the results with reasonable approximation, in two the range of the results with reasonable approximation, in two
different sites of US and EU. different sites of US and EU.
Finding suitable parameters for assessing the Finding suitable parameters for assessing the ecoprofile ecoprofile of of
products for countries where data are not available. products for countries where data are not available.
19 19
Conclusions
Conclusions
Of course this is a long research that could involve a large
number of researchers for years in order of analyzing the most
utilized building products. Anyway it could lead to a dramatic
improvement of the life cycle thinking in the aim of improving
the LCA procedures starting from the reliability of the adopted
data set.
By the way this new approach want to be a useful tool for the
first approach of LCA in a new conditions and particularly for
spreading the procedure to all local administrations and driving
them to build their datasets.
This new challenge can not be faced This new challenge can not be faced
without the cooperation among without the cooperation among
suppliers and scientific experts in LCA suppliers and scientific experts in LCA
Thank you for your kind
Thank you for your kind
attention!
attention!

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