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Reg. No. :

Question Paper Code : 53196

B.E./B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2010


Third Semester
Mechanical Engineering

ME 2204 FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY

(Common to Aeronautical Engineering, Automobile Engineering and


Production Engineering)
(Regulation 2008)
Time : Three hours

Maximum : 100 Marks


Answer ALL questions

PART A (10 2 = 20 Marks)


1.

Suppose the small air bubbles in a glass of tap water may be on the order of
50 m in diameter. What is the pressure inside these bubbles?

2.

Why is it necessary in winter to use lighter oil for automobiles than in


summer? To what property does the term lighter refer?

3.

Cite examples
equations.

4.

Mention the circumstances which necessitate the use of distorted models.

5.

What is a laminar sub layer?

6.

Define eddy viscosity. How it differs from molecular viscosity?

7.

State the principles on which turbo-machines are based.

8.

Under what conditions would you suggest use of double-suction pump and a
multistage pump?

9.

What is an air vessel? List the objectives that would be fulfilled by the use of
air vessels.

10.

What is priming?

4
0
(a)

homogeneous

and

non-homogeneous

PART B (5 16 = 80 Marks)

(i)

A U-tube is made of two capillaries of diameter 1.0 mm and 1.5 mm


respectively. The tube is kept vertically and partially filled with
water of surface tension 0.0736 N/m and zero contact angle.
Calculate the difference in the levels of the menisci caused by the
capillary.
(6)

(ii)

11.

dimensionally

for

Lateral stability of a long shaft 150 mm in diameter is obtained by


means of a 250 mm stationary bearing having an internal diameter
of 150.25 mm. If the space between bearing and shaft is filled with
a lubricant having a viscosity 0.245 N s/m2, what power will be

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Or

(a)

A pipeline 60 cm in diameter bifurcates at a Y-junction into two


branches 40 cm and 30 cm in diameter. If the rate of flow in the
main pipe is 1 .5 m3/s, and the mean velocity of flow in the 30 cm
pipe is 7.5 m/s, determine the rate of flow in the 40 cm pipe.
(4)

(ii)

12.

(i)

Derive the energy equation and state the assumptions made while
deriving the equation.
(12)

A pipe of 10 cm in diameter and 1000 m long is used to pump oil of


viscosity 8.5 poise and specific gravity 0.92 at the rate of
1200 lit./min. The first 30 m of the pipe is laid along the ground sloping
upwards at 10 to the horizontal and remaining pipe is laid on the ground
sloping upwards 15 to the horizontal. State whether the flow is laminar
or turbulent? Determine the pressure required to be developed by the
pump and the power required for the driving motor if the pump efficiency
is 60%. Assume suitable data for friction factor, if required.

4
0

(b)

4
4
0

required to overcome the viscous resistance when the shaft is


rotated at a constant rate of 180 rpm?
(10)

Or

13.

Two pipes of diameter 40 cm and 20 cm are each 300 m long. When the
pipes are connected in series and discharge through the pipe line is
0.10 m3/sec, find the loss of head incurred. What would be the loss of head
in the system to pass the same total discharge when the pipes are
connected in parallel? Take f = 0.0075 for each pipe.

(a)

(i)

(b)

The resisting force F of a plane during flight can be considered as


dependent upon the length of aircraft (l), velocity (v), air viscosity
( ), air density ( ) and bulk modulus of air (K). Express the
functional relationship between these variables using dimensional
analysis. Explain the physical significance of the dimensionless
groups arrived.
(8)
A geometrically similar model of an air duct is built to 1/25 scale
and tested with water which is 50 times more viscous and 800 times
denser than air. When tested under dynamically similar conditions,
the pressure drop is 200 kN/m2 in the model. Find the
corresponding pressure drop in the full scale prototype and express
in cm of water.
(8)

(ii)

(b)

Or

The drag force (F) on a partially submerged body depends on the relative
velocity (V) between the body and the fluid, characteristic linear
dimension (l), height of surface roughness (k), fluid density ( ), the

viscosity ( ) and the acceleration due to gravity (g). Obtain an

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14.

(a)

4
4
0

expression for the drag force, using the method of dimensional analysis.

The head discharge characteristics of a centrifugal pump is given


below.
Discharge (lit/sec)
Head (meters)

10

20

30

40

50

25.3 25.5 24.5 22.2 18.7 12.0

The pump delivers fresh water through a 500 m long, 15 cm diameter


pipe line having friction coefficient of f = 0.025. The static lift is 15 m.
Neglecting minor losses in the pipe flow, find (i) the discharge of the
pump under the above conditions (ii) driving power of the pump motor.
Assume a pump efficiency of 72%.
Or
(b)

An inward flow reaction turbine having an overall efficiency of 80% is


required to deliver 136 kW. The head H is 16 m and the peripheral

(a)

Explain the working principle of single and double acting reciprocating


pumps with neat diagram in detail. Also explain the effects of inertia
pressure and friction on the performance of the pump using indicator
diagrams with and without air vessel.
(8 + 8)

15.

4
0

velocity is 3.3 H . The radial velocity of flow at inlet is 1.1 H . The


runner rotates at 120 rpm. The hydraulic losses in the turbine are 15% of
the flow available energy. Determine (i) diameter of the runner, (ii) guide
vane angle, (iii) the runner blade angle at inlet and (iv) the discharge
through the turbine.

Or

(i)

For a single acting reciprocating pump, piston diameter is 150 mm,


stroke length is 300 mm, rotational speed is 50 r.p.m. The pump is
required to lift water to a height of 18 m. Determine the theoretical
discharge. If the actual discharge is 4.0 lit./sec, and the mechanical
efficiency is 80% determine the volumetric efficiency, slip,
theoretical power and the actual power required.
(10)

(b)

Explain the working principle of screw pump and gear pump with
neat diagram in detail.
(6)

(ii)

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