70-480 EXAM NOTES

STUDY NOTES - DOMINIKGORECKI.COM

Topics covered in these notes:
Implement and Manipulate Document Structures and Objects
o Create the Document Structure
o Write Code that Interacts with UI controls
o Apply Styling to HTML elements using JavaScript
o Implement HTML5 APIs
o Establish the scope of objects and variables
o Create and implement objects and methods
Implement program flow
o JavaScript flow
o Raise\handle an event
o Implement exception handling
o Implement a callback
o Create a web worker process
Access and Secure Data
o Validate user input using HTML5
o Validate user input by using JavaScript
o Consume data
o Serialize, deserialize, and transmit data
Use CSS3 in Applications
o Style HTML text properties
o Style HTML box properties
o Create flexible content layout
o Create an animated and adaptive UI
o Find elements by using CSS selectors and jQuery
o Structure a CSS file by using CSS selectors

CONTENTS
Implement and Manipulate Document Structures and Objects .................. 3
Block Versus In-line Level Elements.......................................................... 3
Main Content Categories and their Tags .................................................. 3
Meta Content ....................................................................................... 3
Sectioning Content ............................................................................... 4
Heading Content ................................................................................... 4
Phrasing Content .................................................................................. 4
Embedded Content ............................................................................... 5
Interactive Content ............................................................................... 5
Form-associated Content ..................................................................... 5
Table Specific Tags ................................................................................ 5
HTML Outline ........................................................................................ 6
Code that Interacts with UI controls ......................................................... 7
Add and Modify Html Elements............................................................ 7
HTML5 Canvas ...................................................................................... 9
SVG Scalable Vector Graphics ............................................................ 9
HTML5 AUDIO and VIDEO ..................................................................... 9
Styling HTML Elements Programmatically .............................................. 10
CSS Positioning ................................................................................... 10
CSS Display .......................................................................................... 10
Modifying HTML DOM Style Object .................................................... 10
CSS3 Transforms 2D ......................................................................... 10
CSS3 Transforms 3d ........................................................................ 11
CSS3 Tansition..................................................................................... 11
Implementing HTML5 APIs ...................................................................... 12
HTML5 Geolocation ............................................................................ 12
HTML5 Web Storage ........................................................................... 12
Html5 App Cache ............................................................................... 13
Establish the scope of Objects ................................................................ 13
Javascript Closures .............................................................................. 13
Namespaces in JavaScript ................................................................... 13
Create and Implement Objects and Methods ......................................... 14
Javascript Native Objects .................................................................... 14
Classes in JavaScript ............................................................................ 15
Pseudo-Classical Inheritance in JavaScript ......................................... 15
Implement Program Flow ........................................................................... 16
Html DOM Events ................................................................................... 16
Event Bubbling .................................................................................... 16
Implementing Callbacks .......................................................................... 17
WebSockets API ................................................................................ 17
CSS Selectors .......................................................................................... 18
References .................................................................................................. 19
Exam Guide-Links .................................................................................... 19



IMPLEMENT AND MANIPULATE DOCUMENT STRUCTURES
AND OBJECTS
May include: Semantic markup including for search engines and screen
readers
BLOCK VERSUS IN-LINE LEVEL ELEMENTS
1

Block-level elements usually begin with a line break before and create the
larger structures of a page versus inline-elements. Block level elements
may contain both block and inline elements; however, in-line elements
should not contain block-level elements.
The HTML5 standard provides a more detailed set of distinctions.
HTML4.01 HTML5
Block Flow Content
In-line Phrasing Content
MAIN CONTENT CATEGORIES AND THEIR TAGS
2



1
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/HTML/Block-level_elements
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/HTML/Inline_elements
2
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/HTML/Content_categories
META CONTENT
<base> | <command>* | <link> | <meta> | <noscript> | <script> | <style> | <title>
These elements modify the presentation or behavior of the rest of the
page, set up link to other documents, or convey out of band info.
Tags Explanation\Example
<link> Mostly used for stylesheets, the link tag sets up a
relationship between the page and an external
resource
<link rel=stylesheet type=text/css href=main.css >
<meta> Data about data. Not displayed on page. Used generally
to specify page description, keywords, author, last
modified... This tag always goes in the <head> tag.
<meta name=keywords content=programming, Microsoft
stack>
<noscript> Used to provide an alternate content for users that do
not have script available on their browser
<script> Define client-side script (JS). It either contain in-line
code or links to a external js file using the src attribute.
<script src=main.js type=text/javascript></script>
<style> Used to define in-line style for the doc; unless scoped is
used (new to HTML5), this tag should only be used in
the <head> tag.
<head><style type=text/css> </style></head>
<title> Required. Defines title of doc.


SECTIONING CONTENT
<section> | <article> | <aside> | <nav>
Used to help create an outline of the document.
Tags Explanation\Example
<section>* Defines section in a document. Can be chapters and can
contain child sections.
<h1>Html5 Outline</h1>
<section>
<h1>First child</h1>
<section>
<h1>Firs child of first child. Grandchild of Html5
Outline</h1>
</section>
</section>
<article>
*
Defines an articleindependent, self-contained
content. Examples: Forum post, blog post, News story
<article>[Contents of Article]</article>
<aside>
*
Defines content aside from the content it is placed in,
but should be related to content; can be placed as a
sidebar in an article.
<aside> [content of aside] </aside>
<nav>* Defines a section of navigation linksintended for
major navigation links. Example of possible uses: main
navigation, table of contents, prev and next buttons,
search form, breadcrumbs.
3


*
new to HTML5
3
http://html5doctor.com/nav-element//
HEADING CONTENT
<h1> <h6> | <hgroup>
Defines the title of the section.
PHRASING CONTENT
<abbr>, <audio>, <b>, <bdo>, <br>, <button>, <canvas>, <cite>, <code>,
<command>, <datalist>, <dfn>, <em>, <embed>, <i>, <iframe>, <img>,
<input>, <kbd>, <keygen>, <label>, <mark>, <math>, <meter>, <noscript>,
<object>, <output>, <progress>, <q>, <ruby>, <samp>, <script>, <select>,
<small>, <span>, <strong>, <sub>, <sup>, <svg>, <textarea>, <time>, <var>,
<video>, <wbr> and plain text (not only consisting of white spaces
characters).
Tags Explanation\Example
<abbr> Defines an abbreviation
The <abbr title=Unite Nations>UN</abbr> Security Council
did not approve the aggression.
<area> Defines an area inside an image map
<audio>
*
Defines sound audio streams in either MP3, Wav, or
Ogg
<audio controls>
<source src="welcome_message.ogg" type="audio/ogg">
<source src="welcome_message.wav" type="audio/wav">
<source src=" welcome_message.mp3" type="audio/mpeg">
Your browser does not support the audio tag.
</audio>
<bdo> Bi-Directional Override to override the current text
direction. <bdo dir=[rtl | ltr]>
<bdo dir=rtl>This will render from right-to-left</bdo>
<blockquote> Specifies section that is quoted from another source.
<blockquote cite=www.asdf.com> . . . </blockquote>
<button> Clickable button. Element can handle Image and text
inside as opposed to <input> cannot.
<button type=[button | reset | submit > . . .</button>
<canvas>
*
Used to draw graphics on the fly via scripting (js). The
canvas tag is only the container.
<cite> Defines the title of a work
EMBEDDED CONTENT
Imports another resource or content from another mark-up language or
namespace
<audio> | <canvas> | <embed> | <iframe> | <img> | <math> | <objects> | <svg> |
<video>
INTERACTIVE CONTENT
Elements designed for user interaction
<a> | <button> | <details> | <embed> | <iframe> | <keygen> | <label> | <select> |
<textarea> | <audio *with controls+> | <video *with controls+
<img>, if the usemap attribute is present
<input>, if the type attribute is not in the hidden state
<menu>, if the type attribute is in the toolbar state
<object>, if the usemap attribute is present
FORM-ASSOCIATED CONTENT
4

<BUTTON>
Attributes:
autofocus* <button autofocus>
disabled <button disabled>
form <button form=[form_id]>

4
http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/forms/html5forms/
formaction (overrides <form>s action) <button formaction=URL>
formmethod (overrides <form>s method) <button formmethod=[get |
post]>
type <button type=[button | reset | submit]>
<INPUT>
Input field where the user can enter data used within <form> element. The
type of input is specified by the type attribute.
Attributes:
autocomplete=[off | on]; for [text, search, url, tel, email, password,
datepickers, range, and color]
autofocus
disabled
form
max=[number | date] and min=[number | date]; for [number, range, date,
datetime, datetime-local, month, time, and week
maxlength=int (max number of characters)
name=name_of_input -- name of the input element
pattern=[{regex}] for text, search, url, tel, email, and password; use
title to describe pattern to help user
readonly cannot modify
required for text, search, url, tel, email, password, date pickers,
number, checkbox, radio and file
size specify size (in chars) of an input element
step=number legal number of intervals for number, range, date,
datetime, datetime-local, month, time and week
value
type
Types

TABLE SPECIFIC TAGS
<table> Represents data in 2d or more.
<caption> Defines a table caption and must be inserted
immediately after the <table> tag. Only once caption
per table.
<table>
<caption>Quarterly Sales</caption>
<trd><th>

</table>
General Flow
<address> Defines contact information for the author/owner of a
document (when in <body>) or article (when in
<article> element)
<address>Page by ... </address>
HTML OUTLINE

Resource: http://www.w3schools.com/tags/default.asp

<section> -
<area>
<article>
<header>
<aside>

CODE THAT INTERACTS WITH UI CONTROLS
ADD AND MODIFY HTML ELEMENTS
The HTML DOM
5
is a standard object model and interface for HTML. It
defines all of objects and properties of all HTML elements and the methods
to access them
6
.
Everything in an HTML doc is a node:
Entire doc | Every HTML element | text inside each element |
every HTML attribute | comments are comment nodes
Finding Elements in the DOM
Modifying html elements on a page requires first finding them in the DOM.
The methods used to get a desired HTML element is using are:
getElementById, getElementsByTagName, getElementsByName,
getElementsByClassName, querySelector, and querySelectorAll
7
.
Method
getElementById([Id])
Query by id of element. Null is returned if no
element found.
<body>
<div id="info">Info</div>
<script>
var div = document.getElementById('info')
alert( div.innerHTML )
</script>
</body>
getElementsByTagName([E
lement Tag])
Searches given tag name (name of html
element) and returns a NodeList of elements
that match.
Resulting list is live. Ie it updates itself with
the DOM automatically
* returns all elements
var article = document.getElementById(main-

5
http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-DOM-Level-1/level-one-core.html#method-getAttributeNode
6
http://www.w3schools.com/htmldom/dom_intro.asp
7
http://javascript.info/tutorial/searching-elements-dom
article);
var paragraphs = article.getElementsByTagName(p);
getElementsByName([Elem
ent Name])
Returns a list (HTMLCollection of elements) of
elements with a given name attribute. Not often
used.
getElementsByClassName(
[class name])
Returns a live NodeList of all the elements
with class name(s).
Get all elements that have rock and star in their
class:
document.getElementsByClassName(rock star);
Get all of the child elements with a class star of
the parent that has a class named rock:
document.getElementsByClassName(rock).getElementsB
yClassName(star);
querySelector([selector
(s)])
Returns the first element within the document
matching specified selector.
document.querySelector(.rock .star);
querySelectorAll([selec
tor(s)])
Returnes a non-live NodeList of elements
matching thing the specified group of selectors.
Example-- get all of the child elements with a class
star of the parent that has a class named rock:
document.querySelectorAll(.rock > .star);

Manipulating Nodes of a DOM
Method Description\Example
appendChild([node])
Adds a child node to the specified element (at
last position)
removeChild([node])
Removes a child node.
Returns the removed node on success.
Null on failure.
replaceChild([new_node],[
old_node])
Replaces child node with another.
Returns the removed node on success.
Null on failure.
insertBefore([new_node],
[existing_node])
Inserts new child node before an existing
node.
createAttribute([attribut
e_name])
Creates an attribute with the specified
name
Returns the attribute as an object that can
be manipulated
createElement([element_na
me])
Creates an element node
Returns element object
createTextNode([text])
Html elements usually consist of both an
element node and a text node. For example, a
<p> element node with some text inside it (the
text node).
Creates a text node that can be appended
to an HTML element node
getAttribute([attribute_n
ame])
Returns the value of the attribute with the
specified name
setAttribute([attribute_n
ame],[value])
Adds a new attribute or changes the value
of the existing one
hasAttribute([attribute_n
ame])
Returns true if attr exists; false if not
removeAttribute([attribut
e_name])
Removes attribute from a specified
element
If attribute does not exist, no exception is
raised.
HTML DOM Properties
Property
innerHTML
Getting or setting the content of HTML
elements
nodeName
Same as tag name for element (uppercase),
attribute name for attribute
Read only
nodeValue
Undefined for element
Inner text for text node
Attribute value for attr
Setable
nodeType
Returns type of Node as an integer code
o Element = 1
o Attribute = 2
o Text = 3
o Comment = 8
o Document = 9
Changing HTML content
Content of an HTML element can be changed by using the innerHTML
property, which is settable.
Creating New HTML Elements
First create the element node (manipulate it as desired) and then append
it to an existing node. You can use either appendChild(node) or
insertBefore(existing_node, new_node).
Remove HTML Elements
Use parent.removeChild(node)to remove a node (HTML Element).
HTML5 CANVAS
8

Draw graphics with JS on the fly: graphs, compositions, animations
Only has two attributes: height (150 default), width (300 default)
Example:
<canvas id=test-canvas width=300 height=150>
[fallback content]
</canvas>
The Rendering Context
Canvas creates a drawing surface that exposes one or more rendering
contexts used to create\manipulate content shown.
[canvas].getContext(2d);
Checking for support in JS: If(canvas.getContext)
SVG SCALABLE VECTOR GRAPHICS
Defines graphics in XML format.
Elements can be animated, available as part of DOM in HTML pages
<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd">

<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1">
<circle cx="100" cy="50" r="40" stroke="black"
stroke-width="2" fill="red" />
</svg>
DTD: Document Type Definition is a set of markup declarations and
describes which elements and references can appear and where in the
document
Xmlns defines svg namespace
SVG IN HTML
<embed>
<embed src=picture.svg type=image/svg+xml />

8
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/HTML/Canvas/Tutorial?redirectlocale=en-
US&redirectslug=Canvas_tutorial
Supported in all major browsers, allows scripting but deprecated in HTML4
(allowed in HTML5).
<object>
<object data=picture.svg type=image/svg+xml></object>
Supported in all moajor browsers and conforms to HTML4, but scripting
not allowed.
<iframe>
<iframe src=picture.svg></iframe>
Supported by all major browsers and allows scripting but does not conform
to strict HTML4/XHTML DTD.
<SVG> (in markup)
<html>
<body>

<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1">
<circle cx="100" cy="50" r="40" stroke="black"
stroke-width="2" fill="red"/>
</svg>

</body>
</html>
Not supported by IE8 or earlier, cannot load asynchronously (ux issue for
large svgs).
PREDEFINED SVG SHAPES
<rect> | <circle> | <ellipse> | <line> | <polyline> | <polygon> |
<path>
HTML5 AUDIO AND VIDEO

STYLING HTML ELEMENTS PROGRAMMATICALLY
CSS POSITIONING
position: [static | relative | absolute | fixed | inherit ]
static Normal behavior and left,right,top,bottom do not apply
relative lay out element as if it were static and then adjusts
elements position (without changing layout)
absolute - position it at a specified position relative to its closest
positioned ancestor or to the containing block (no room left for
elment)
fixed position element relative to the screens viewpointdoes not
move when scrolled (for print, displays on every page)
CSS DISPLAY
display: [ none | inline | block | list-item | inline-block | inline-table |
table | table-caption | table-cell | table-column | table-column-group |
table-row | table-row-group | flex | inline-flex ]
none turns off display with no effect on layout. Ie document
rendered as if element did not exist
inline generates inline box like span
block block level display like paragraph or div
list-item -- block element box with a list-tem inline box (bullet)
inline-table behaves like <table> but as an inline box with a block-
level box inside
table block-level, behaves like <table>
flex behaves like a block element and lays out its content according
to the flexbox model
inline-flex in-line element but lays out its contents according to the
flexbox model
MODIFYING HTML DOM STYLE OBJECT
9

Example of editing a property of style:
document.getElementById(id).style.property = value;
The style object of an HTML DOM exposes each style property as a
property of the object. This includes background, border, list,
margin\padding, positioning, layout, and text properties (amongst others).
Some examples:
style.background sets or gets the background properties in one
declaration.
style.backgroundColor sets or gets the css background-color styling
style.border sets or ges the border css styling as one line declaration.
style.margin, style.padding
cssText style declaration as a string
style.display, style.visibility
CSS3 TRANSFORMS 2D
transform: matrix(a,c,b,d,tx,ty) | rotate(angle) | scale(sx[, sy]) |
scaleX(sx) | skew(ax[, ay]) | translate(tx[, typ]) | tranlsateX(tx) |
translate(ty)
Effect that lets you change shape, size, and position in 2d or 3d. Using it
elements can be translated, rotated, and skewed.
matrix(a,c,b,d,tx,ty) - [


]- transform matrix, and tx, ty for
translate
rotate(angle) rotates element clockwise around transform-origin
property by specified angle (20deg)
scale(sx,sy), scaleX(sx), scaleY(sy) 2d scaling operation with a
unitless number from where 1 is 1:1 scale
skew(ax,ay), skewX(ax), skewY(ay) Non-standard, removed from latest
draft of CSS3. Avoid using. Same effect can be created with matrix(1,
tan(ay), tan(ax), 1, 0, 0);
translate(tx, ty), translateX(tx), translateY(ty) 2d translation

9
http://www.w3schools.com/jsref/dom_obj_style.asp
CSS3 TRANSFORMS 3D
10

11

perspective: [number in pixels]
perspective-origin: [percent, percent]
transform: translate3d(tx,ty,tz) | scale3d(sx,sy,sz) | rotate3d(rx, ry,
rz, angle) | matrix3d(n,n,n,n,n,n,n,n)
To activate 3d space, add element using the perspective css property or
transform: perspective(number); . When using the perspective function on
the transform property, each element will have its own vanishing point
use the perspective property on the parent element of the 3d objects so
they line up correctly.
The greater the size of the perspective, the less subtle the 3d effect and
vise versa. You can adjust the vanishing point of an object with the
perspective-origin property which is in the center by default.
translate3d(tx,ty,tz) - x,y same as 2d, z is front and back
scale3d(sx,sy,sz) scale along correspeconding axis
rotate(rx,ry,rz, angle) rx,ry,rz set the vector for which to rotate on,
and angle is the intensity of the rotation. Example of rotating about
the x-axis rotate(1,0,0,45deg)
matrix3d(n,n,n,n,n,n,n,n,n) translate according to the transformation
matrix for 3d.
CSS3 TANSITION
transition: <transition property> | <transition-duration> | <transition-
timing-function> | <transition-delay>
Provides a way to create an animation when changing certain properties of
an element by making the changes to take place over a period of time.
These are implicit transition because it involves an animation between two
implicitly defined states.
transition-property: [none | all | IDENT ] used to specify which
properties to transition. Eg. transition-property: background;. List of
transition-able properties: link.

10
http://desandro.github.com/3dtransforms/docs/perspective.html
11
http://www.eleqtriq.com/2010/05/understanding-css-3d-transforms/
transition-duration: time: How long transition should take place in
second (s) or millisecond (ms). Default is 0. A list of times can be
provided to provide a different duration for different properties
specified in the transition-property property.
transition-timing-function: [ease | ease-in | ease-out | ease-in-out |
linear | cubix-bezier(n,n,n,n) | step-start | step-end | steps(n, start |
end) ]lets you change how the speed of the animation is calculated
over time.
12

13
A list can be provided that will correspond to different
properties specified in the transition-property property.
transition-delay: time amount of time to wait to before beginning
transition of the changing property; default is 0s, which means it
begins right away. Negative numbers begin transition right away but
skip a portion of the transition in the beginning. A list can be provided
that will correspond to different properties specified in the transition-
property property
Detecting the Completion of a transition: event is fired called transitioned.
Eg. el.addEventListener(transitioned,updateTransition, true);


12
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/CSS/transition-timing-function
13
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/CSS/timing-function
IMPLEMENTING HTML5 APIS
HTML5 GEOLOCATION
14

Allows user to provide their location to the page, but is prompted by the
browser for privacy considerations.
API is published through geolocation child object within the navigator so
you can test for support using:
If(geolocation in navigator) { // available }
If(navigator.geolocation) { // available }
getCurrentLocation(position_function[, error_function, options])
initiates async request, when found position_function is executed. If an
error is encountered, the error_function is executed.
watchPosition(position_function[, error_function, position_object]) the
position_function is executed multiple times either when the device
changes location or a more accurate location is found using a different
means (geoip vs. gps). The error_function is only called once if the
position callback will never be run and no valid results ever returned.
o position_object { enableHighAccuracy: boolean, maximumAge:
milliseconds(number), timeout: milliseconds(number) }
Position Object is returned on success and contains the timestamp
property, and the coords object.
o Timestamp DOMTimeStamp type indicates at the time the reading
was taken.
o coords.latitute of type double, returns the lat of location in
degrees
o coords.longitude of type double, returns the long of a location in
degrees
o coords.altitude of type double, returns the altitude in meters;
returns 0 if not supported by device
o coords.accuracy of type double, returns the position accuracy in
meters
o coords.accuracyAltitude double, returns accuracy of altitude
information in meters; 0 is returned if not supported.

14
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Using_geolocation
o coords.heading double, the heading in which the user is moving in
degrees
o coords.speed double, the speed in m/s of user
Handling Errors
The error callback structure: function errorCallback(positionError) { }
positionError.code = error.UNKNOWN_ERROR | error.PERMISSION_DENIED |
error.POSITION_UNAVAILABLE | error.TIMEOUT
error.UNKNOWN_ERROR (0) uknown error occurred, could not get
position.
error.PERMISSION_DENIED (1) permission unavailable at origin
error.POSITION_UNAVAILABLE (2) could not determine location b/c of
device
error.TIMEOUT (3) callback timed out before could obtain position
HTML5 WEB STORAGE
Alternative to cookies, provides a larger, more secure, and easier-to-use
alternatives to storing information on the client side. String/key value pairs
are used.
sessionStorage.setItem(key,value), sessionStorage.getItem(key,value)
global object that maintains data for the duration of the session per
page. Most useful for persisting temporary data just in case page is
refreshed.
localStorage.setItem(key,value), localStorage.getItem(key,value) no
expiry date, and not lost when browser or sessions is closed.

HTML5 APP CACHE
15

16

17

Allows web-based apps to run offline by specifying which resources need
to be cached and make available offline. Used to browse offline, speed,
and offloading server load.
The manifest attribute must be set on the <html> tag: <html
manifest=example.appcache>
The manifest file needs to be sent with the MIME type text/cache-
manifest
THE MANIFEST FILE
Begins with line CACHE MANIFEST and has 3 sections: cache,
network, fallback
CACHE: The default. Files listed under CACHE:or immediately after
CACHE MANIFEST are explicitly cached after being downloaded
NETWORK: white-listed resources that need a connectionall requests to
resources specified bypass the cache. Wild cards may be used.
FALLBACK: specifies fallback pages that should be loaded if the resource
is not available. Each entry lists two URIs: the resource and the
fallback. Both URIs must be relative and from the same origin.
Wildcards are allowed.
UPDATING THE CACHE
Cache is updated when: 1) user clears browsers cache, 2) manifest
ismodified, and 3) the application cache is programmatically update
Note: never cache the manifest
ESTABLISH THE SCOPE OF OBJECTS
JAVASCRIPT CLOSURES

15
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/HTML/Using_the_application_cache
16
http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/appcache/beginner/
17
http://alistapart.com/article/application-cache-is-a-douchebag
In JS closures, the inner function of a function is returned. The inner
function will close over all the inner variables of the outer function; new
variables can be passed in, but the ones instatiated on the inside of the
outer function cannot be affected.
In the example below, once the var in the global namespace is created (var
writeToResult = writeToId("result-block")) the elemendId is closed-over.
Meaning, we dont have access to it anymore from the outside. The
returned function can still modify the variable inside the function,
however.
Example:
function writeToId(elementId) {
var elementToEdit = document.getElementById(elementId);
return function(innerHTMLInput)
{
elementToEdit.innerHTML += innerHTMLInput;
}
}

var writeToResult = writeToId("result-block");
var writeToAside = writeToId("aside");

writeToResult("Hello! This is writing t the result block");
writeToResult("<br/>Since I already instantiated this variable, I don't have
access to the elementId property anymore and I cannot change it. The only
thing I can affect is what's exposted in the return function.");
writeToAside("This is an aside.");
NAMESPACES IN JAVASCRIPT
You can create name space like objects to hold the functions and objects
that you create so as to not pollute the global namespace.
Good way to implement: var myNameSpace = myNamespace || {};
By having the previous declaration, you create a new myNamespace
object if one does not already exist.
var myNamespace.myObjects = {};

CREATE AND IMPLEMENT OBJECTS AND METHODS
JAVASCRIPT NATIVE OBJECTS
Data types: String, number, date, regex
Collection Types: Array, object
Array Sort
[array].sort(function(first,second)
{
// A = 0 if first==second
//A < 0 (negative) if right order (first < second)
// A > 0 (positive) if wrong order (first > second)
return A;
});
String :
String.length() for how many characters in the string.
String.charat(n) returns at character at n
String.charCodeAt(n) returns the unicode of character at n
String.fromCodeAt(n1[, n2, n3]) is a static method that returns the
characters converted from Unicode.
.indexOf(string), .lastIndexOf(string) used for searching of the string
occurance in the string object it is run on. Returns the character
position in that string. lastIndexOf starts from the back when searching.
String.substring(start,end) - doesnt modify string it is run on, but
returns a part of the string from the start index of the character to the
end index provided. Note: the end character is NOT included, it is cut
off.
String.substr(start,length) similar to above, but the second property
is the length of characters to include in the returned text.
.toLowerCase() and .toUpperCase() returned a string with a change to
the case of a string
Math Object
Mat.abs(number) Absolute of a number
Math.floor(number)rounds down to the next smallest int
Math.ceil(number) rounds up to the next largest int
Math.pow(A,B) base to the exponenet power (A
B
)
Math.random() pseudo random number between 0 and 1
Number
[number].toFixed(int) returns. Rounds to the nearest int. Doesnt
affect object
Array Object
[array].length how many elements in array. Returns int.
[array].concat(array) joins two arrays
[array].slice(first, last) copying part of an array. Last position is
not included in the returned result. The original array is not affected.
[array].join(some_string) joins elements together, returns them as a
string with some_string added in between each element.
[array].sort() puts array into ascending order. Note: this affects the
actual arrayits not just a return function.
[array].sort(function(first,second)
{
// A = 0 if first==second
//A < 0 (negative) if right order (first < second)
// A > 0 (positive) if wrong order (first > second)
return A;
});
[array].reverse() puts in reverse order and affects the object it is run
on.
Date
No literal type
Month is 0 based
new Date(2010,10,25);
new Date() current
new Date(year, month, day, hours, minutes, seconds, milliseconds)
date.toUTCString() Coordinated universal time
[date].getDate() day of the month
[date].getDay() day of the week. Sunday as 0.
[date].getMonth() month fo the year. Jan is 0;
[date].getFullYear() year in 4 digit number

eval
Interprets strings of js code
Slow, insecure, unnecessary
Do not use! :P
isNan
Check to see if is number
parseFloat
Converts string to number
parseFloat(533);
CLASSES IN JAVASCRIPT
Defining a Class
myExamples.simpleClass = function simpleClass(name,age){
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
// OR
// this.setName(name)
};
Getter\Setter Methods
myExamples.simpleClass.prototype.getName = function()
{
return this.name;
};
myExamples.simpleClass.prototype.setName = function(name)
// OR myExamples.simpleClass.method(setName, function() {});
{
this.name = name;
};
Creating a new Object Based on the Class
var exampleSimpleClass = new this.simpleClass("RockStar",18);
PSEUDO-CLASSICAL INHERITANCE IN JAVASCRIPT
18

19


18
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2107556/how-to-inherit-from-a-class-in-javascript
19
http://phrogz.net/JS/classes/OOPinJS2.html
We want to cast references of similar classes

myExamples.Vehicle = function vehicle(model, type, totalWheels) {
this.setModel(model);
this.setType(type);
this.setTotalWheels(totalWheels);
};

myExamples.Vehicle.prototype.setModel = function (model) {
this.model = model;
};

myExamples.Vehicle.prototype.setType = function (type) {
this.type = type;
};

myExamples.Vehicle.prototype.setTotalWheels = function (wheels) {
this.totalWheels = wheels;
};

myExamples.Vehicle.prototype.getVehicle = function () {
return this.model + " " + this.type + " with " + this.totalWheels
+ " wheels";
};


IMPLEMENT PROGRAM FLOW
[Note: this section is abridged because many of these topics are
elementary]
HTML DOM EVENTS
20

Mouse Events
onclick triggered when an element is clicked
ondblclick triggered when an element is double clicked
onmousedown
onmousemove
onmouseover
onmouseout
onmouseup triggered when the mouse button is released over an
element
Keyboard Events
onkeydown triggered for any keys in all browsers (including CTRL, ALT,
SHIFT)
onkeypress not fired for all keys in all browsers (may not fire for CTRL,
ALT, SHIFT)
onkeyup
Frame/Object Events
onabort triggered when object is stopped from loading before
completely loaded
onload triggered when a document, frameset, or <object> has been
loaded
onresize triggered when a document view is resized.
onscroll triggered when a document view is scrolled
onunload triggered when a page has unloaded

20
http://www.w3schools.com/jsref/dom_obj_event.asp
Form Events
onblur when form element loses focus
onchange when the content, selection, or the checked state have
changed on a form element (<input>,<select> and <textarea>)
onfocus when element gets focus (<label>,<input>,<select>,
<textarea>, and <button>)
onreset when form is reset
onsubmit when form is submitted
EVENT BUBBLING
21

Event bubbling deals with situations where a single event may trigger two
or more event handlers defined at different levels of the DOM hierarchy.
The event bubbles up from the lowest level triggering events set at each
one.
Example of event bubbling: http://jsbin.com/ipahid/4
var div4 = document.getElementById("div4");
var div3 = document.getElementById("div3");
var div2 = document.getElementById("div2");

div4.addEventListener('click', function () {
this.style.background = '#FFFF00';
alert("Div4 Event Triggered");
});

div3.addEventListener('click', function () {
this.style.background = '#FFFF00';
alert("Div3 Event Triggered");
});

div2.addEventListener('click', function () {
this.style.background = '#FFFF00';
alert("Div2 Event Triggered");
});

div1.addEventListener('click', function () {

21
http://www.javascripter.net/faq/eventbubbling.htm
this.style.background = '#FFFF00';
alert("Div1 Event Triggered");
});

TO DO: Attaching event handlers methods: addEventListener, <element
onckick|onmouseover = function, $.bind
22

23


TO DO: creating and triggering events:
24

// create the event
var evt = document.createEvent('Event');
// define that the event name is `build`
evt.initEvent('build', true, true);

// elem is any element
elem.dispatchEvent(evt);


// later on.. binding to that event
// we'll bind to the document for the event delegation style.
document.addEventListener('build', function (e) {
// e.target matches the elem from above
}, false);

IMPLEMENTING CALLBACKS
WEBSOCKETS API
25

26

27

WebSockets are well suited for low-latency web application because do
not carry overhead of HTTP by establishing a socket between the
browser and the server.
Example from HTML5 rocks:

22
http://api.jquery.com/bind/
23
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/DOM/element.addEventListener
24
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/DOM/Creating_and_triggering_events
25
http://www.websocket.org/echo.html
26
http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/websockets/basics/
27
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-
US/docs/WebSockets/Writing_WebSocket_client_applications
var connection = new
WebSocket('ws://html5rocks.websocket.org/echo', ['soap',
'xmpp']);

// When the connection is open, send some data to the
server
connection.onopen = function () {
connection.send('Ping'); // Send the message 'Ping' to
the server
};

// Log errors
connection.onerror = function (error) {
console.log('WebSocket Error ' + error);
};

// Log messages from the server
connection.onmessage = function (e) {
console.log('Server: ' + e.data);
};

TO DO XMLHttpHandler
http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/cascade.html#cascading-order
http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/flexbox/quick/




CSS SELECTORS
28

29

.class
Selector Example Description
.class
.rock Selects all the elements with
the class rock
#id
#star Selects the div with id star
*
* Selects all the elements
element
div Selects all the <div> elements
element,element
div,span Select all <div> and all <span>
elements
element element
div span Select all <span> elements
inside div.
element>element
div>span Selects all elements where the
parent is a div
element+element
div+span Selects all <span> elements
placed immediately after <div>
elements
[attribute]
id Selects all elements with an id
attribute
[attribute=value]
name=rock-star Selects all elements where the

28
http://www.w3schools.com/cssref/css_selectors.asp
29
http://www.webdirections.org/blog/html5-selectors-api-its-like-a-swiss-army-knife-for-the-
dom/
name attribute is rock-star
[attribute~=value]
name~=rock Selects all elements where the
name attribute has the word
rock in it
[attribute|=value]
[name|=rock] Select all elements where the
name attributes begins with
rock
:link

:visited

:active

:hover

:focus

:first-letter
div:first-letter Selets first letter of every <div>




REFERENCES
Microsoft, Programming in HTML5 with JavaScript and CSS3:
http://www.microsoft.com/learning/en/us/exam.aspx?ID=70-480#tab2
W3Schools, HTML Reference:
http://www.w3schools.com/tags/default.asp
html5 Doctor, Semantic navigation with the nav element
http://html5doctor.com/nav-element//
html5 Doctor, Document Outlines
http://html5doctor.com/outlines/
Mozilla Developer Network, Section and Outlines of an HTML5 Document
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/HTML/Sections_and_Outlines_of_an_HTML5_document?redirectlocale=en-
US&redirectslug=Sections_and_Outlines_of_an_HTML5_document
Mozilla Developer Network, JavascriptGuide
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/JavaScript/Guide
EXAM GUIDE-LINKS
http://www.microsoft.com/learning/en/us/mcsd-web-apps-certification.aspx
http://blog.beckybertram.com/Lists/Exam%2070480%20Study%20Guide/AllItems.aspx
http://www.bloggedbychris.com/2012/09/19/microsoft-exam-70-480-study-guide/
http://geekswithblogs.net/WTFNext/archive/2012/10/08/exam-70-480-study-material-programming-in-html5-with-javascript-and.aspx
http://www.microsoftvirtualacademy.com/tracks/developing-html5-apps-jump-start?WT.mc_id=MSLS_HTML5OfferMVA