1

ALUMNO : ___________________________________________________________________________

Asignatura: IME - Ingeniera Trmica.
Cuatrimestre: 1 Examen: Final Convocatoria: Ordinaria
Grupo: 3 ITI 3 ME Curso:2.012/2.013 Fecha: 16 de enero de 2.013

CUESTIONES (0.8 puntos cada una):

C1.-Agua fra (c
p
= 4.18 kJ/kgC) entra en un intercambiador de calor a 18C con un flujo de 0.7 kg/s
donde es calentada mediante aire caliente (c
p
= 1.0 kJ/kgC) que entra en el intercambiador a 50C con
un caudal msico de 1.6 kg/s y abandona el intercambiador a 25C. La mxima temperatura posible del
agua fra es:
(a) 25.0C (b) 32.0C (c) 35.5C (d) 39.7C (e) 50.0C
11-154 Cold water enters a counter-flow heat exchanger at 18C at a rate of 0.7 kg/s where it is heated by hot air that
enters the heat exchanger at 50C at a rate of 1.6 kg/s and leaves at 25C. The maximum possible outlet temperature of
the cold water is
(a) 25.0C (b) 32.0C (c) 35.5C (d) 39.7C (e) 50.0C
Answer (c) 35.5C
Solution Solved by EES Software. Solutions can be verified by copying-and-pasting the following lines on a blank EES
screen.
T_c_in=18 [C]
m_dot_c=0.7 [kg/s]
c_p_c=4.18 [kJ/kg-C]
T_h_in=50 [C]
T_h_out=25 [C]
m_dot_h=1.6 [kg/s]
c_p_h=1.0 [kJ/kg-C]
C_c=m_dot_c*c_p_c
C_h=m_dot_h*c_p_h
C_min=min(C_c, C_h)
Q_dot_max=C_min*(T_h_in-T_c_in)
Q_dot_max=C_c*(T_c_out_max-T_c_in)

"Some Wrong Solutions with Common Mistakes"
W1_C_min=C_c "Using the greater heat capacity in the equation"
W1_Q_dot_max=W1_C_min*(T_h_in-T_c_in)
W1_Q_dot_max=C_c*(W1_T_c_out_max-T_c_in)
W2_T_c_out_max=T_h_in "Using T_h_in as the answer"
W3_T_c_out_max=T_h_out "Using T_h_in as the answer"






C2.- Un intercambiador de calor en contracorriente se usa para enfriar aceite desde 110C a 85C con
un caudal de 0.75 kg/s. Para ello se utiliza agua fra que entra en el intercambiador de calor a 20C con
un caudal de 0.6 kg/s. Si el coeficiente global de transferencia de calor del intercambiador de calor es
de 800 W/m
2
.C, el rea de transferencia de calor del intercambiador es:
DI I N

2
(a) 0.745 m
2
(b) 0.760 m
2
(c) 0.775 m
2
(d) 0.790 m
2
(e) 0.805 m
2

11-158 A counter-flow heat exchanger is used to cool oil (c
p
= 2.20 kJ/kgC) from 110C to 85C at a rate of 0.75 kg/s
by cold water (c
p
= 4.18 kJ/kgC) that enters the heat exchanger at 20C at a rate of 0.6 kg/s. If the overall heat transfer
coefficient is 800 W/m
2
C, the heat transfer area of the heat exchanger is
(a) 0.745 m
2
(b) 0.760 m
2
(c) 0.775 m
2
(d) 0.790 m
2
(e) 0.805 m
2

Answer (a) 0.745 m
2

Solution Solved by EES Software. Solutions can be verified by copying-and-pasting the following lines on a blank EES
screen.
T_h_in=110 [C]
T_h_out=85 [C]
m_dot_h=0.75 [kg/s]
c_p_h=2.20 [kJ/kg-C]
T_c_in=20 [C]
m_dot_c=0.6 [kg/s]
c_p_c=4.18 [kJ/kg-C]
U=0.800 [kW/m^2-C]
Q_dot=m_dot_h*c_p_h*(T_h_in-T_h_out)
Q_dot=m_dot_c*c_p_c*(T_c_out-T_c_in)
DELTAT_1=T_h_in-T_c_out
DELTAT_2=T_h_out-T_c_in
DELTAT_lm=(DELTAT_1-DELTAT_2)/ln(DELTAT_1/DELTAT_2)
Q_dot=U*A_s*DELTAT_lm

C3.- Un ciclo de Carnot opera entre los lmites de temperatura de 300 K y 2000 K, y produce 600 kW
de potencia neta. La velocidad del cambio de entropa (kW/K) del fluido de trabajo durante el proceso
de adicin de calor es:
(a) 0 (b) 0.300 kW/K (c) 0.353 kW/K (d) 0.261 kW/K (e) 2.0 kW/K
9-198 A Carnot cycle operates between the temperatures limits of 300 K and 2000 K, and produces 600 kW of net
power. The rate of entropy change of the working fluid during the heat addition process is
(a) 0 (b) 0.300 kW/K (c) 0.353 kW/K (d) 0.261 kW/K (e) 2.0 kW/K
Answer (c) 0.353 kW/K
Solution Solved by EES Software. Solutions can be verified by copying-and-pasting the following lines on a blank EES
screen. (Similar problems and their solutions can be obtained easily by modifying numerical values).

TL=300 "K"
TH=2000 "K"
Wnet=600 "kJ/s"
Wnet= (TH-TL)*DS

"Some Wrong Solutions with Common Mistakes:"
W1_DS = Wnet/TH "Using TH instead of TH-TL"
W2_DS = Wnet/TL "Using TL instead of TH-TL"
W3_DS = Wnet/(TH+TL) "Using TH+TL instead of TH-TL"


C4.- En un ciclo Otto ideal el aire se comprime desde 1.20 kg/m
3
y 2,2 litros hasta 0,26 litros, y el
trabajo neto de salida del ciclo es de 440 kJ/kg. La presin media efectiva para este ciclo es:
(a) 612 kPa (b) 599 kPa (c) 528 kPa (d) 416 kPa (e) 367 kPa


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9-201 In an ideal Otto cycle, air is compressed from 1.20 kg/m
3
and 2.2 L to 0.26 L, and the net work output of the cycle
is 440 kJ/kg. The mean effective pressure (MEP) for this cycle is
Answer (b) 599 kPa
Solution Solved by EES Software. Solutions can be verified by copying-and-pasting the following lines on a blank EES
screen. (Similar problems and their solutions can be obtained easily by modifying numerical values).

rho1=1.20 "kg/m^3"
k=1.4
V1=2.2
V2=0.26
m=rho1*V1/1000 "kg"
w_net=440 "kJ/kg"
Wtotal=m*w_net
MEP=Wtotal/((V1-V2)/1000)

"Some Wrong Solutions with Common Mistakes:"
W1_MEP = w_net/((V1-V2)/1000) "Disregarding mass"
W2_MEP = Wtotal/(V1/1000) "Using V1 instead of V1-V2"
W3_MEP = (rho1*V2/1000)*w_net/((V1-V2)/1000); "Finding mass using V2 instead of V1"
W4_MEP = Wtotal/((V1+V2)/1000) "Adding V1 and V2 instead of subtracting"


C5.- Considere un ciclo Brayton ideal que se ejecuta entre los lmites de presin de 1200 kPa y 100 kPa y los
lmites de temperatura de 20C y 100C con argn como fluido de trabajo. El trabajo neto de salida del ciclo es:

(a) 68 kJ/kg (b) 93 kJ/kg (c) 158 kJ/kg (d) 186 kJ/kg (e) 310 kJ/kg

9-203 Consider an ideal Brayton cycle executed between the pressure limits of 1200 kPa and 100 kPa and temperature
limits of 20C and 1000C with argon as the working fluid. The net work output of the cycle is
Answer (c) 158 kJ/kg

Solution Solved by EES Software. Solutions can be verified by copying-and-pasting the following lines on a blank EES
screen. (Similar problems and their solutions can be obtained easily by modifying numerical values).

P1=100 "kPa"
P2=1200 "kPa"
T1=20+273 "K"
T3=1000+273 "K"
rp=P2/P1
k=1.667
Cp=0.5203 "kJ/kg.K"
Cv=0.3122 "kJ/kg.K"
T2=T1*rp^((k-1)/k)
q_in=Cp*(T3-T2)
Eta_Brayton=1-1/rp^((k-1)/k)
w_net=Eta_Brayton*q_in

"Some Wrong Solutions with Common Mistakes:"
W1_wnet = (1-1/rp^((k-1)/k))*qin1; qin1=Cv*(T3-T2) "Using Cv instead of Cp"
W2_wnet = (1-1/rp^((k-1)/k))*qin2; qin2=1.005*(T3-T2) "Using Cp of air instead of argon"
W3_wnet = (1-1/rp^((k1-1)/k1))*Cp*(T3-T22); T22=T1*rp^((k1-1)/k1); k1=1.4 "Using k of air instead of argon"
W4_wnet = (1-1/rp^((k-1)/k))*Cp*(T3-T222); T222=(T1-273)*rp^((k-1)/k) "Using C for T1 instead of K"


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PROBLEMAS (Debe realizar 3 de los 4 problemas planteados. Puntuacin indicada en cada uno
de ellos):

P1.- (2 puntos) Se usa un intercambiador de calor de dos pasos por la carcasa y cuatro pasos por
los tubos para calentar un flujo de un hidrocarburo (c
P
= 2 kJ/kg.C) de manera continua,
desde 20C hasta 50C. Un flujo de agua (c
P
= 4.18 kJ/kg.C) entra por el lado de la carcasa a
80C y sale a 40C. Se tienen 160 tubos de pared delgada, cada uno con un dimetro de 2 cm y
una longitud de 1.5 m. Los coeficientes de transferencia de calor del lado del tubo y del lado
de la carcasa son 1.6 kW/m
2
.C y 2.5 kW/m
2
.C, respectivamente. Se pide calcular:

1. El ratio de transferencia de calor en el intercambiador.
2. Gastos msicos de agua y de hidrocarburo.
3. Con el tiempo se advierte que la temperatura de salida del hidrocarburo desciende en 5C
debido al depsito de slidos sobre la superficie del tubo. Estime la magnitud del factor de
incrustacin.

11-136 A hydrocarbon stream is heated by a water stream in a 2-shell passes and 4-tube passes heat exchanger. The rate
of heat transfer and the mass flow rates of both fluid streams and the fouling factor after usage are to be
determined.
Assumptions 1 Steady operating conditions exist. 2 The heat exchanger is well-insulated so that heat loss to the
surroundings is negligible and thus heat transfer from the hot fluid is equal to the heat transfer to the cold fluid. 3
Changes in the kinetic and potential energies of fluid streams are negligible. 4 Fluid properties are constant.
Properties The specific heat of HC is given to be 2 kJ/kg.C. The specific heat of water is taken to be 4.18 kJ/kg.C.
Analysis (a) The logarithmic mean temperature difference for counter-flow arrangement and the correction factor F are
C 20 = C 20 C 40
C 30 = C 50 C 80
, , 2
, , 1
= = A
= = A
in c out h
out c in h
T T T
T T T

C 66 . 24
) 20 / 30 ln(
20 30
) / ln(
2 1
2 1
,
=

=
A A
A A
= A
T T
T T
T
CF lm

90 . 0
33 . 1
20 50
40 80
5 . 0
20 80
20 50
1 2
2 1
1 1
1 2
=

=
=

=
F
t t
T T
R
t T
t t
P
(Fig. 11-18)
The overall heat transfer coefficient of the heat exchanger is
C W/m 6 . 975
2500
1
1600
1
1
1 1
1
2
=
+
=
+
=
o i
h h
U
The rate of heat transfer in this heat exchanger is
| | kW 326.5 = = = A = W 10 265 . 3 C) 66 . 24 ( (0.90) m) m)(1.5 (0.02 160 C) . W/m 6 . 975 (
5 2
,
t
CF lm s
T F UA Q

The mass flow rates of fluid streams are

kg/s 1.95
kg/s 5.44
=

=

=
=

=

=
C) 40 C C)(80 kJ/kg. (4.18
kW 5 . 326
) (
C) 20 C C)(50 kJ/kg. (2.0
kW 5 . 326
) (
out in p
h
in out p
c
T T c
Q
m
T T c
Q
m

Water
80C

HC
20C
50C
2 shell passes
4 tube passes 40C

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(b) The rate of heat transfer in this case is
kW 272 = C) 20 C C)(45 kJ/kg. kg/s)(2.0 44 . 5 ( )] ( [
c
= =
in out p
T T c m Q

This corresponds to a 17% decrease in heat transfer. The outlet temperature of the hot fluid is

C 46.6 =
) C C)(80 kJ/kg. kg/s)(4.18 95 . 1 ( kW 272
)] ( [
,
,
h

=
=
out h
out h
out in p
T
T
T T c m Q

The logarithmic temperature difference is
C 26.6 = C 20 C 6 . 46
C 35 = C 45 C 80
, , 2
, , 1
= = A
= = A
in c out h
out c in h
T T T
T T T

C 61 . 30
) 6 . 26 / 35 ln(
6 . 26 35
) / ln(
2 1
2 1
,
=

=
A A
A A
= A
T T
T T
T
CF lm

97 . 0
34 . 1
20 45
6 . 46 80
42 . 0
20 80
20 45
1 2
2 1
1 1
1 2
=

=
=

=
F
t t
T T
R
t T
t t
P
(Fig. 11-18)
The overall heat transfer coefficient is
| |
C . W/m 5 . 607
C) 61 . 30 ( (0.97) m) m)(1.5 (0.02 160 W 000 , 272
2
,
=
=
A =
U
U
T F UA Q
CF lm s
t

The fouling factor is determined from
C/W m 10 6.21
2 4
= = =

6 . 975
1
5 . 607
1 1 1
clean dirty
f
U U
R
















PE2.- (2 puntos) Un recipiente rgido cerrado contiene inicialmente una mezcla gaseosa de 1 kmol
de pentano (C5H12) y 150% de aire terico a 25C y 1 atm. Si la mezcla se quema
completamente, determine la transferencia de calor desde la cmara de combustin, en kJ.

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P3.- (2 puntos) Un ciclo de turbina de gas con regeneracin opera con dos etapas de compresin y
dos etapas de expansin. La relacin de presiones a travs de cada etapa de compresor y de
turbina es de 3,5. El aire entra a cada etapa del compresor a 300 K, y a cada etapa de la turbina
a 1200 K. Las eficiencias de compresor y turbina son del 78% y del 86% respectivamente, y la

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eficiencia del regenerador es del 72%. Suponiendo calores especficos constantes para el aire
(como fluido de trabajo) a temperatura ambiente, se pide calcular:

1. Propiedades de los puntos del ciclo y dibujo del mismo en un diagrama T-s.
2. La relacin de trabajo de retroceso o retrotrabajo.
3. Eficiencia trmica del ciclo.

9-179 A gas-turbine plant operates on the regenerative Brayton cycle with reheating and intercooling. The back work
ratio, the net work output, the thermal efficiency, the second-law efficiency, and the exergies at the exits of the
combustion chamber and the regenerator are to be determined.
Assumptions 1 The air-standard assumptions are applicable. 2 Kinetic and potential energy changes are negligible. 3 Air
is an ideal gas with variable specific heats.
Properties The gas constant of air is R = 0.287 kJ/kg K.
Analysis (a) For this problem, we use the properties from EES software. Remember that for an ideal gas, enthalpy is a
function of temperature only whereas entropy is functions of both temperature and pressure.
Optimum intercooling and reheating pressure is
kPa 4 . 346 ) 1200 )( 100 (
4 1 2
= = = P P P
Process 1-2, 3-4: Compression
K kJ/kg 7054 . 5
kPa 100
K 300
kJ/kg 43 . 300 K 300
1
1
1
1 1
=
)
`

=
=
= =
s
P
T
h T

kJ/kg 79 . 428
kJ/kg.K 7054 . 5
kPa 4 . 346
2
1 2
2
=
)
`

= =
=
s
h
s s
P

kJ/kg 88 . 460
43 . 300
43 . 300 79 . 428
80 . 0
2
2 1 2
1 2
C
=

= h
h h h
h h
s
q
K kJ/kg 5040 . 5
kPa 4 . 346
K 350
kJ/kg 78 . 350 K 350
3
3
3
3 3
=
)
`

=
=
= =
s
P
T
h T

kJ/kg 42 . 500
kJ/kg.K 5040 . 5
kPa 1200
4
3 4
4
=
)
`

= =
=
s
h
s s
P

kJ/kg 83 . 537
78 . 350
78 . 350 42 . 500
80 . 0
4
4 3 4
3 4
C
=

= h
h h h
h h
s
q
Process 6-7, 8-9: Expansion
K kJ/kg 6514 . 6
kPa 1200
K 1400
kJ/kg 9 . 1514 K 1400
6
6
6
6 6
=
)
`

=
=
= =
s
P
T
h T

kJ/kg 9 . 1083
kJ/kg.K 6514 . 6
kPa 4 . 346
7
6 7
7
=
)
`

= =
=
s
h
s s
P

s
T
3
4
1
5
q
in

8 6
7
10
9
2
8s 6s
4s 2s

8
kJ/kg 1 . 1170
9 . 1083 9 . 1514
9 . 1514
80 . 0
7
7
7 6
7 6
T
=

= h
h
h h
h h
s
q
K kJ/kg 9196 . 6
kPa 4 . 346
K 1300
kJ/kg 6 . 1395 K 1300
8
8
8
8 8
=
)
`

=
=
= =
s
P
T
h T

kJ/kg 00 . 996
kJ/kg.K 9196 . 6
kPa 100
9
8 9
9
=
)
`

= =
=
s
h
s s
P

kJ/kg 9 . 1075
00 . 996 6 . 1395
6 . 1395
80 . 0
9
9
9 8
9 8
T
=

= h
h
h h
h h
s
q
Cycle analysis:
kJ/kg 50 . 347 78 . 350 83 . 537 43 . 300 88 . 460
3 4 1 2 in C,
= + = + = h h h h w
kJ/kg 50 . 664 9 . 1075 6 . 1395 1 . 1170 9 . 1514
9 8 7 6 out T,
= + = + = h h h h w
0.523 = = =
50 . 664
50 . 347
out T,
in C,
bw
w
w
r
kJ/kg 317.0 = = = 50 . 347 50 . 664
in C, out T, net
w w w
Regenerator analysis:
kJ/kg 36 . 672
83 . 537 9 . 1075
9 . 1075
75 . 0
10
10
4 9
10 9
regen
=

= h
h
h h
h h
c
K kJ/kg 5157 . 6
kPa 100
K 36 . 672
10
10
10
=
)
`

=
=
s
P
h

kJ/kg 40 . 941 83 . 537 36 . 672 9 . 1075
5 5 4 5 10 9 regen
= = = = h h h h h h q
(b) kJ/kg 54 . 573 40 . 941 9 . 1514
5 6 in
= = = h h q
0.553 = = =
54 . 573
0 . 317
in
net
th
q
w
q

PE3.- (2 puntos) Un ciclo de aire estndar Otto tiene una relacin de compresin de 9. A inicio del
proceso de compresin la presin es de 100 kPa y la temperatura es de 300K. La adicin de
calor por unidad de masa de aire es de 1350 kJ/kg. Se pide
determinar:

(a) Trabajo neto en kJ por kg de aire.
(b) Eficiencia trmica del ciclo.
(c) Presin media efectiva, en kPa.
(d) Mxima temperatura del ciclo, en K.
(e) Razonar cmo le afecta a la eficiencia trmica el valor de la
relacin de compresin (dibujar curva aproximada).


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