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Harold Dale K.

Ong
III- Gold
Mrs. Humamoy

**The Music of India **
The music of India includes multiple varieties of folk, popular, pop, classical music
and R&B. India's classical music tradition, including Carnatic and Hindustani music, has a history
spanning millennia and, developed over several eras, it remains fundamental to the lives of
Indians today as sources of spiritual inspiration, cultural expression and pure entertainment.
Indian Instruments
A. Non-Membranous Percussion (Ghan)
A group of instruments consists of percussion instruments which have solid resonators.
They are either melodic or rhythmic in nature.

Ghatam Kasht Tarang Chimpta
The ghatam is a percussion instrument that is made out of clay. It is actually a clay pot. It is
played by striking the pot w/ the bare hands. This instrument produces a ringing sound and a low
resonating sound from its cavity. Its pitch could be lowered or raised by closing and opening the
hole of the clay w/ the stomach.
Kasht tarang is a type of xylophone or marimba used in India. It is characterized by the use of
wooden resonating bars. Unlike a xylophone, it has no resonating chambers. This instrument is
not very common.
The chimpta is a fire tong w/ small brass jingles. It is played by clicking the tongs w/ the hand ff.
a rhythmic pattern.




B. Membranous Percussion (Avanadoh)
A group of percussion instruments consists of stretched membranes that are struck or
tapped by the hand.

Tabla Drums
The tabla drum is a pair of drums most common & popular in Northern India. It is made of wood
& has a head made of stretched animal skin. Both drums have a black spot on the center that is
made of manganese & iron dust. It is played by tapping the fingers on the surface of the drums.
C. Blown or Wind Instruments (Sushir)
These instruments are played by means of blowing air to excite the resonators.

Pepa
'Pepa' is a flute-like musical instrument that is used in traditional music in Assam. It is usually
with a very short stem made from small diameter bamboo/cane/reed with the end away from the
mouth capped with the horn of a buffalo.




D. Plucked Stringed Instrument (Tat)
These instruments are made by plucking the strings of the instruments.

Veena
The veena is the most distinctive instrument in Southern India.
E. Bowed-Stringed Instruments (Vitat)

Sarangi
The sarangi is the most popular stringed instrument that is used to accompany vocal music. It is
shaped like a squashed guitar and is made from a block of hollowed-out wood that is covered with
parchment. This instrument has no frets and is played w/ a bow. Its sympathetic vibrator creates a
harmonious sound.







** Arts & Cultures **
Middle Ages


Mosaic Ceramic Arts Stained Glass Arts

Sculptures Paintings







Renaissance
Paintings

Sculptures

**Diseases**
Mosquitoes- They are malaria, filaria, dengue, brain fever and yellow fever. Yellow fever
is caused by mosquitoes in jungle areas in parts of Africa and South America.
Flies- Typhoid Fever, Cholera, Escherichia coli, Shigellosis.
Cockroaches- gastroenteritis including food poisoning, dysentery, and diarrhea.
Rats- Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS), Murine Typhus, Rat-bite fever (RBF),
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Leptospirosis, Eosinophilic Meningitis.

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