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MATH2019 PROBLEM CLASS

EXAMPLES 9
FOURIER SERIES
If f has period 2L, then
f(x) = a
0
+

n=1

a
n
cos

n
L
x

+ b
n
sin

n
L
x

,
a
0
=
1
2L

L
L
f(x)dx , a
n
=
1
L

L
L
f(x) cos

n
L
x

dx and b
n
=
1
L

L
L
f(x) sin

n
L
x

dx .
1996 1. Let
g(x) = 2 2x for 0 x 1
g(x) = g(x)
g(x + 2) = g(x)
That is g is an even periodic function with period 2.
i) Sketch g(x) 6 x 6.
ii) Determine the Fourier series of the function g(x).
iii) By considering the value of the series at x = 5 obtain a series for
2
.
1999 2. For each of the following functions nd the smallest positive value of the period T such
that f(t + T) = f(t) for all t :
a) i) f(t) = cos
t
3
+ cos
t
4
,
ii) f(t) = (10 cos t)
2
.
b) The function f(x) dened by:
f(x) =

1 0 x
0 < x < 2
f(x + 2) = f(x) for all x.
i) Sketch f(x) for 4 x 4,
ii) Find the Fourier series for f(x),
iii) To what value will the series converge when x = 0?
c) Consider the dierential equation
d
2
y
dx
2
+ 10y = f(x)
where f(x) is the function dened in b).
i) Find a particular solution of the dierential equation in the form of a Fourier
Series.
ii) Calculate the numerical value of the rst four non zero terms of this particular
solution, and comment on which terms dominate the solution.
2000 3. a) Let
f(x) = e
x
for 0 x 1,
and suppose that f is extended to an even function f
e
(x) with period 2. Thus
f
e
(x) = f(x) for 0 x 1 and
f
e
(x) = f
e
(x), f
e
(x + 2) = f
e
(x) for all x.
i) Sketch the graph of f
e
(x) for 2 x 2.
ii) Find the coecients in the cosine half-range expansion
f
e
(x) = a
0
+

n=1
a
n
cos(nx) .
You may assume that

e
x
cos(nx)dx =
e
x
[n sin(nx) cos(nx)]
1 + n
2

2
+ constant.
iii) Dierentiate your answer to ii), and hence nd the Fourier sine series of period
2 for the odd periodic extension f
o
(x) of f(x).
b) Consider the dierential equation
d
2
y
dx
2
+ 40y = f
e
(x)
where f
e
(x) in the function dened in a).
i) Find a particular solution of the dierential equation in the form of a Fourier
series.
ii) Without performing any numerical calculations, predict which terms in the
Fourier series will dominate the solution and explain why.
1998 4. a) The even function F(t) is dened by
F(t) =

t + for t 0;
t + for 0 < t < ;
F(t + 2) = F(t) for all t.
i) Sketch F(t) for 4 t 4.
ii) Find the Fourier Series of F(t).
b) Consider the dierential equation
y

+
2
y = F(t)
where F(t) is the function dened in a).
i) Find a particular solution of the dierential equation in the form of a Fourier
Series.
ii) Calculuate the numerical value of the 1st four non zero terms of this particular
solution, and comment on which terms dominate the solution.

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