MidtermExamination

Spring 2013
Civil & Environmental Engineering

ENVE321: AdvancedMathematicsSection001
Instructor: DJBrush
Date: Thursday,June13,2013
TimePeriod: 9:30to11:20pm
Duration: 110minutes
ExamPages: 9(includingcover)+separateformula/aidsheet

Notes:
1. Thisisanindividualclosedbookexam.
2. Aseparateformula/aidsheetisprovided.
3. Theonlyotheraidpermittedisacalculator.
4. Turnoffyourwirelessdevice(s)andplaceitinyour
backpack/purse.
5. Enteryourpersonalinformationabove&printinitialson
toprightofeachpage.
6. Answerallquestionsontheexampaperusingthebackof
pagesifnecessary.Clearlylabelsolutionsthatspanpages.
7. Donotseparatepages.
8. Handinexampaperandformula/aidsheet.

Name:
Signature: ID:
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uWaterloo S13 ENVE 321 Midterm 2/9

1. Answerthefollowingquestionsconcisely:
(a) ListthefourstandardassumptionsforsinglecompartmentmodellinginENVE321.

(b) Forthefollowingequationsdeterminetheorder,independentanddependentvariables,andifitis
linearornonlinear
2
2
3 sin
d x
x y
dy
=

sin x xt x ' + =

(c) Thefollowingequationgoverns1Dheatflowthroughabar.Determinethedifferentialoperatorand
sourceoftheequation.
( ) ( ) ( ) ( , )
T T
c x x K x Q x t
t x x

c c c | |
= +
|
c c c
\ .

(d) ExplainwithaidofadiagramhowEulersmethodworksoveronetimestepwhensolvingafirstorder
ODE.

uWaterloo S13 ENVE 321 Midterm 3/9

2. Given
2
( ) 100 t f t = evaluatethefollowingintegrals:
(a)
0
( ') ( ' 5) '
t
f t t dt o
}

(b)
10
0
( ) ( 2) f t t dt o
}

(c)
0
( ') ( ' 2) '
t
f t H t dt
}

(d)
3
0
( )[ ( 2) ( 5)] f t H t H t dt
}

(e)
10
0
( )[ ( 2) ( 5)] ( 3) f t H t H t t dt o
}


uWaterloo S13 ENVE 321 Midterm 4/9

3. UsetheIntegratingFactorMethodtosolve
0.2( 5)
3
g
0.1 ( 5)
m d
t
dC
C H t e
dt

+ =

with (0) 0 C =


uWaterloo S13 ENVE 321 Midterm 5/9

4.(a)Abatchexperimentwasperformedtodeterminetheorderandratecoefficientofaconcentration
basedreaction.Theplotsbelowshowthemeasureddataassymbolsandfittedlinearrelationshipsaslines.
Usetheplotstodeterminetheorderofthereaction(justifyyourselection)andtheassociatedrate
coefficient.

0
5
10
15
20
0 5 10 15 20
C

(
m
g
/
L
)
t(d)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
0 5 10 15 20
l
n

C
t(d)
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0 5 10 15 20
1
/
C
t(d)
uWaterloo S13 ENVE 321 Midterm 6/9

4.(b)Aconservativesolutethatdoesnotreact,decay,settleorvolatilizeisusedasatracerinawellmixed
lake.Thelakeresponsetoa0.5kgimpulseofthesoluteisshownbelow.Estimatethelakevolumeand
outflowusingtheresponsecurve.

4.(c)Thecontaminantconcentrationofawellmixedlakeversustimeover30disshownbelow.A
previousstudydeterminedthelakevolumetobe1010
5
m
3
.Usetheconcentrationversustimecurveto
estimatethelaketermandthecontaminantsourceovalue.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
t (d)
Lake Response
C

(
m
g
/
m
3
)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
t (d)
Lake Concentration versus Time
C

(
g
/
m
3
)
uWaterloo S13 ENVE 321 Midterm 7/9

5.Masstransportinawellmixedpondisgovernedby:
( ) ( ) with (0) 0
dC
t C S t C
dt
+ = =

where
mg
Ld
( ) ( ( ) ( 8)) 2( 4)( ( 4) ( 8)) S t t H t H t t H t H t =

1
d
( ) 0.8(1 0.5 ( 5)) t H t =

whichareplottedversustimebelow.

a) UseEulersMethodwithatimestepof2dtonumericallysolvethelakeresponsefrom0to10d.
b) PlottheresponseontheCvs.taxesprovidedandidentifythepeakconcentration.
c) Whattimestepwouldyouselecttosolvethisproblemnumericallywithacomputer?

0 2 4 6 8 10
0
1
2
3
4
5
S(t)
S
(
t
)

(
m
g
/
L
.
d
)
t (d)
0 2 4 6 8 10
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
(t)

(
t
)

(
1
/
d
)
t (d)
0 2 4 6 8 10
C

(
m
g
/
L
)
t (d)
uWaterloo S13 ENVE 321 Midterm 8/9

6.Alake(meandepth=5m;=5010
6
m
3
;inflow=outflow=1010
6
m
3
/yr)receivesasolublepesticide
fromafactorydischargeof210
6
kg/yr,andtheinflowstreamwithconcentrationof30mg/L.The
pesticidedecaysatarateof0.2/yrandvolatilizesatanapparentvelocityof1m/yr.
(a) Developthemassbalanceequationforthepesticideforthissystem.Includeadiagramshowingeach
processthataddsandremovesmassfromthelake.
(b) Determinethetotalmassloadingtothelake.
(c) Determinethelakeassimilationfactor.Whatdoesitrepresent?Identifytheprocessesthatcontribute
totheassimilationfactorandwhichisthelargest.
(d) Determinethesteadystatepesticideconcentrationinthelake.
(e) Evaluateeachofthefollowingengineeringoptionstodeterminewhichisthemosteffectivefor
loweringthesteadystateconcentration:
(i) Reducethepresentloadingrateofthefactorybybuildingawastetreatmentfacilitythatwill
remove50%ofthepesticidefromtheplantseffluent.
(ii) DoublethelakesoutflowrateQbydivertingpesticidefreewaterfromanearbyunpollutedstream
intothelake.

uWaterloo S13 ENVE 321 Midterm 9/9

7.Asmalllake(=100,000m
3
;inflow=outflow=10,000m
3
/d)receivedcontaminantmassfromtwo
sources:(1)aslowlydrainingstoragetank,and(2)aninstantspill.Thestoragetankcontainedwastewater
withcontaminantconcentrationof1kg/m
3
,anditdrainedintothelakewithaflowrateqgivenby
3
0.2
m
d
10
t
q e

= .Theinstantspilldumped10kgofthecontaminantintothelake20daysafterthetank
startedtodrain.Assumethattheonlysourceofthecontaminantisthetankandspill,andthetankstated
drainingatt=0.Thecontaminantdecaysinthelakeatarateof0.2d
1
.
(a) WritethegoverningODEformasstransportofthecontaminant.Notethatamassbalance
derivationisnotrequired.
(b) Determinethelakeresponseusinganymethod.
(c) Determinethetimeandvalueofthepeaklakeconcentration.
(d) Sketchtheresponse,labelingkeypoints.