TCS 151251 Lab Manual

COMAPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB.
(ECS-151)
Department Of Computer Science &

Engineering
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
1. To give the knowledge of basic DOS commands to the

students & use of DOS editor.
2. To explain the difference between internal & external DOS
commands and make
3. To give the basic knowledge of windows operating system to
the student
4. To give the basic knowledge of notepad, WordPad,
PowerPoint and Internet.
5. Implementation of ‘C’ program using the output and input
functions.
6. Implementation of ‘C’ program using the console functions.
7. To implementation of c program using control statement.
8. To implementation of c program using switch statement.
9. To implementation of various gates using ‘C’ language.
10. To implement the loops and the arithmetic operator
using ‘C’
11. To implement of arrays in ‘C’ language.
12. To implement of matrices in ‘C’ language.
13. To implement of strings in ‘C’ language.
1
COMAPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB. (ECS-151)
EXPERIMENT – 1
Objective: To give the knowledge of basic DOS commands to
the students & use of DOS editor.
Theory & concepts:
Basically the purpose of the operating system is to interact with
user and control the various operations of the devices. Operating
system is software, which gives control to the user to do the
desired.
In operating system category first you will Microsoft disk
operating system. It is single user and single tasking operating
system.
DOS is command-based operating system. You just type the
command and press the enter key then the command will execute.
e.g. in question 1 some commands are given. For executing the
command type the command on the command prompt and by
pressing the enter key the command will execute.
In question 1 for executing the DATE command, first type the
date and press enter key, and the current date will be shown on
screen.
By DIR command user can see the directories present in the hard
disk.
2
In question 2 to form the following tree first make the directory by

MD command.
C:> MD RGEC (press Enter)
Then by CD command change current directory to RGEC and again

by MD command form new directory like this. Given tree can be
seen by TREE command.
In question 3 first make file by using Copy Con command.
C:> Copy con abc.txt (press Enter)

RGEC
Meerut
Ctrl+Z (press Enter)
To make the modification in the file by using editor.
C:> Edit abc.txt (press Enter)
And then in editor change can be made.

1. Explain following commands dir, date, time, version, cls, type,
edit, rd and commands.
2. Create the following tree with the help of md, cd, cd\, cd.. and
tree commands.
RGEC CS
IT
ME
EE
EC
3
3. Create a file “abc.txt” using copy con command and then make
modifications in file using MS-DOS Editor.
EXPERIMENT – 2
Objective: To explain the difference between internal & external

DOS commands and make simple batch programs.
Theory & concepts: Internal commands are defined in the file

command.com. As the system is boot the file is reside in main
memory and these commands are the basic commands, which are
necessary to run DOS.
e.g. DIR, TYPE, MD, CLS, TIME
External commands not require certain special DOS file for being
executed.
e.g. FORMAT, CHKDSK, XCOPY, ATTRIB, etc.
4
In question 2 mention the type of command syntax and options

like if we want to see te directories page wise use the switch p like
that options should be shown.
Batch file is just the collection of two or more DOS commands.
Batch file is created as follows:
• Open MS DOS prompt
• Move the specified directory at which you want to create
batch file.
• Write two or more DOS commands, save and exit
• Now for executing the batch file just type the name of file
and by pressing enter key file will be executing.
1. Bring out the difference between external & internal
commands.
2. Explain the use of following DOS commands, mentioning

whether they are internal or external commands, syntax and
available options.
• MD
• CD
• RD
• CLS
• DIR
• DATE
• TIME
• COPY CON
• TYPE
• TREE
• COPY
• DOSKEY
• PATH
• REM
• DEL
• CHKDSK
• FORMAT
• DISKCOPY
• MORE
• FDISK
• PROMPT
5
• SORT
• FIND
• ATTRIB
• XCOPY
• MEM
3. What is batch file? How the batch file is created?
4. Create a batch file that clears the screen and show

the date & time.
5. Create a batch file that
a. Show the directories
b. Clear the screen
c. Make the directory named RGEC
d. Delete the directory RGEC
Without showing the commands to user
EXPERIMENT – 3
Objective: To give the basic knowledge of windows operating

system to the student
Theory and concepts: -

Windows is multi-user and multitasking operating system. It is the
most popular operating system. It is the most popular operating
6
system of the world. It based on GUI (Graphical User Interface).

User can interact and work on this operating system easily. There
are different versions of windows operating system is present like
win 98, win 2000, win Xp etc.
In second question different terms are given which is easily
visualize to the user
In third question display properties like resolution, background,
screensaver, colors of bars etc. are adjusted. In fourth question
basic operations like delete of directory or file. Deleting can be
done by keyboard also by mouse.
1. Explain the features of windows operating system.

2. Define the terms:
a) Desktop
b) Taskbar
c) Toolbar
d) Windows Explorer
e) Icons
f) Buttons
g) Scrollbar
h) Menu bar
3. Define display properties? How it can be changed?
4. Define the term Drag And Drop?
5. How to perform these operations
a) Copy
b) Delete
c) Make new file and directory
d) Restore
7
EXPERIMENT – 4
Objective: To give the basic knowledge of notepad, WordPad,

PowerPoint and Internet.
Theory and concept:-

As we know the OS is an system software. In which we can
interact with hardware and do desired tasks but as the need
arises, wee need different software to meet our objects. To fulfill
different other software are used to perform particular thing are
called application software. In this Experiment we interact with
software like Ms-word, Ms-paint, Ms-PowerPoint, these are the
application software used for the formatting of text, for making
paintings, designing a seminar report etc.
These software can be easily open by just clicking by the
mouse.
Question no. 4,5 and 6 is related to the Internet. Basically
Internet is the vast network of the computers linked by cables
and telephone lines. By Internet user can see the different
websites. Search on a particular topic and also by using
webcam users can see to each other. For doing such type of
thing we need a software Microsoft Internet explorer by which
we can open the sites. Many other browsing software is also
available.
1. In MS-word, Note Pad, word pad

Write application to principal for one-day leave.
Write application to administrator for bonafide student
certificate.
2. In paint
Draw the map of India with state distribution (color).
Map of UP with district distribution (color).
3. In Ms-PowerPoint
Make a presentation on the topic role of computer in village
Make a presentation on any topic of your choice.
4. Define the topic
Internet
Internet browser
Search engine
5. Using google.com search engine, search jobs sites of India.
6. Make a E-mail account in rediffmail.com
8
9
EXPERIMENT – 5
Objective: To implementation of Unix commands.
Theory & concepts: Unix is a multi-user and multitasking

operating system. In this Experiment some commands are given
are used to do some basic operations.
Foe example to show the files and directories we use the ls

command. For execution of commands simply type the command
and press enter key.
Explain the following UNIX commands.
1. To show current path and directory

2. To create a file by CAT command.
3. To show the content of a file by CAT command.
4. To copy one file in another file by CP command
5. To show the directory by LS command.
6. To move one file to another file by MV
command.
7. To rename a file by MV command.
8. To make a new directory by MKDIR command.
9. To change the directory by CD command.
10. To show the calendar of current year by CAL
command.
11. To show system date by DATE command.
12. To check how many users are working in
network by WHO command.
13. To check our identity by WHO AM I command.
14. To remove file by RM command.
15. To remove directory by RMDIR command.
16. To clear the screen by CLEAR command.
10
17. TO show the content of file as page wise by

MORE command.
18. Sort the content of a file by SORT command.
19. To calculate and solve some problems by BC
11
Experiment –6
Objective- Implementation of ‘C’ program using the output and

input functions.
Theory and concepts: C is a general purpose programming

language. Dennis Ritchie invents C. C is also called system-
programming language because it is useful for writing
compilers and operating systems. It has been used equally
well to write the major programs in many different domains.
C provides a variety of data types. The fundamental types are
character and floating point of different size. In addition there
is a hierarchy of derived data types created with the pointes,
arrays, structure and union.
In this Experiment user just declare the data type and by using
input function (scanf) and output function (printf) can make
the program.
E.g To add two numbers.
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int a, b, sum;
scanf(“%d %d ”, &a, &b);
sum= a+b;
printf(“%d”, sum);
}
Input a=3, b=4

Like this first header file stdio.h is included. Then by further
program is written.
Q-1) WAP to print the statement -:

RGEC IS THE BEST INSTITUTE.
Q-2) WAP to print the ODD, 12.00, 12.43, 12, c, a using the
constants.
Q-3) WAP to calculate to sum, division and multiplication of the

two numbers.
Q-4) WAP to swapping of the two numbers.
Q-5) WAP to calculate the simple interest the values of rate of

interest, time and amount is input by the user.
12
Q-6) WAP to change the temperature into Fahrenheit to Celsius.
13
EXPERIMENT – 7
Objective: To implementation of c program using control & switch

statement.
Concepts and theory:-
If-else (Control statement)
The if else statement is used to express decisions. The syntax of if-
else is
If (expression)
Statement 1
else
statement 2
In this else part is optional
e.g. If we want to give condition that print the statement ‘Yes’ by
input 1 and ‘No’ by input 0 then program will like that
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int a;
scanf(“%d”,&a);
if (a==1)
printf(“Yes”);
else
printf(“No”);
}
Switch: Switch ststement is a multiway decisions that tests
whethere an expression matches of a number of constant integer
values and branches accordingly.
e.g.
switch (expression)
{
case const expr : ststement
case const expr : ststement
default : statements
}
/* Program to calculate final velocity, distance using Newton's

Law*/
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int n;
14
float u,v,a,t,s;
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter three Newton's Laws of motion");
printf("\n 1. v=u+a*t \n 2. s=u*t+(1/2)*a*t*t \n 3.
v*v=u*u+2*a*s");
printf("\n Enter Equation No. you want to use:");
scanf("%d",&n);
switch(n)
{
case 1:
printf("Enter the value of initial velocity(u), accelaration(a),
and time(t)");
scanf("%f%f%f",&u,&a,&t);
v=u+a*t;
printf("\n The final velocity is v=%f",v);
break;
case 2:

and time(t)");
scanf("%f%f%f",&u,&a,&t);
s=u*t+(1/2)*a*t*t;
printf("\n The distance travelled is s=%f",s);
break;
case 3:
and distance travelled(s)");
scanf("%f%f%f",&u,&a,&s);
v=sqrt((u*u)+(2*a*s));
printf("\n The final velocity is v=%f",v);
default:
printf("\n Wrong choice entered");
}
getch();
}
Loops-
Loops are used to execute a particular ststement, instruction more
than one time then loops are used. Loops are for, while , do while
loop.
for loop-
for(initialize counter; test counter; increment counter)
{
do this;
15
and this;
and this;
}
e.g. to print any statement five times then loop will be like that
for (i=0; i<=4; i++)
{
printf(“RGEC”);
}
PROGRAMS IN C USING CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS, LOOP SWITCH

AND GOTO STATEMENTS
1. A grocery shop decides to give its customers a discount of
10% on the total expense if quantity purchased is more than
100. The quantity purchased and price per item is entered
through the keyboard. WAP to calculate the final sales bill.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
int qty;
float rate,tot;
float dis=0.0;
printf("Enter quantity purchased and rate");
scanf("%d%f",&qty,&rate);
if(qty>100)
dis=0.1;
tot=(qty*rate)-(qty*rate*dis);
printf(" The total expense is %f",tot);
getch();
}
2. The current year and the year of joining of any employee

are taken as input from the keyboard. If the number of
years of service is more than 3 then a bonus of Rs. 2500 is
given else nothing else is done. The pay of an employee is
calculated as under:
If basic salary is less than Rs. 1500 then HRA-10% & DA-
90% of basic.
If basic salary is greater than or equal to Rs. 1500 then
HRA=Rs.500 & DA=98% of basic salary.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
16
int cy,yoj,bs,yos,bonus;
float da,hra,gs;
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter current year and year of joining and basic salary");
scanf("%d%d%d",&cy,&yoj,&bs);
yos=cy-yoj;
if(yos>3)
{
bonus=2500;
} else {
bonus=0;
}
if(bs<1500)
{
da=(0.9)*bs;
hra=(0.1)*bs;
} else{
da=(0.98)*bs;
hra=500.0;
}
gs=bs+da+hra+bonus;
printf("\n Gross Salary is %f",gs);
getch();
}
3. WAP to find the greatest of three numbers using if-else and

conditional operators.
/* Program to find Largest of three Numbers*/
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a,b,c;
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter three numbers");
scanf("%d%d%d",&a,&b,&c);
if(a>b)
{
if(a>c)
{
printf("\n The Largest Number is %d",a);
} else
{
printf("\n The largest number is %d",c);
}
}
else
{
if(c>b)
{
printf("\n The largest number is %d",c);
17
} else
{
printf("\n The largest number is %d",b);
}
}
getch();
}
4. WAP to determine whether a given year is a leap year or not

using && and || operators.
/* Program to find whether a year is leap year or not*/
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int year;
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter the year");
scanf("%d",&year);
if(year%4==0)
printf("\n The given year is leap year");
else
printf("\n The given year is not an leap year");
getch();
}
5. Marks of 5 subjects are entered through the keyboard and
division is allotted according to the following criteria:
Greater than or equal to 60%I Division
Between 50% and 59% II Division
Between 40% and 49% III Division
Less than 40% Fail
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int m1,m2,m3,m4,m5,tot;
float per;
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter the marks of the student in five subjects:");
scanf("%d%d%d%d%d",&m1,&m2,&m3,&m4,&m5);
tot=m1+m2+m3+m4+m5;
per=tot/5;
if(per>=75)
printf("\n The result is Honours");
else{
if(per>=60)
printf("\n the result is First Division");
else{
if(per>=50 || per<60)
18
printf("\n the result is Second Division");

else
{
if(per>=40 || per<50)
printf("\n the result is Third Division");
else
printf("\n the result is FAIL");
}} }
getch();
}
6. A character is entered through the keyboard;
find whether it is a capital letter, small letter or special symbol. The
ASCII values are given below for reference
A–Z 65-90
a–z 97-122
-0 – 9 48-57
Special symbols 0-47, 58-64, 91-96, 123-127
EXPERIMENT – 8
Objective:- To implementation of various gates using ‘C’

language.
Theory & Concept:-

In this Experiment we will show the output of the gates using C
programs.
Gates can be easily implement by the control structure If-else and
logical operator &&(AND) and ||(OR).
e.g. For AND gate

if (a==0 && b==0)
printf(“Output is= 0””);
else
if (a>1 || b>1)
printf(“Wrong no.”);
else
printf(“Output is= 1”);
getch();
}
1. Write a program to get the output of AND gate.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
19
void main()
{
int x,y;
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter the inputs of the Gate");
scanf("%d%d",&x,&y);
if(x==0 || y==0)
printf("\n The output is 0");
else
printf("\n The output is 1");
getch();
}
2. Write a program to get the output of OR gate.

3. Write a program to get the output of NOR gate.
4. Write a program to get the output of X-OR gate.
5. Write a program to get the output of X-NOR gate.
6. Write a program to get the output of NAND gate.
7. Write a program to get the output of NOT gate.
EXPERIMENT -9
Objective: To implement the loops and the arithmetic operator

using ‘C’
Theory and concepts: Simply in this Experiment nesting of loops

is done. How the loops are run to get the desired pattern or
series?
e.g In 1 program we want to print number between 1 to 100
than number is divisible by 2 or not. If divisible by 2 than
number is even else it is odd. So program will be like as follows
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int i;
for(i=1;i<=100;i++)
{
if(i%2==0)
printf(“number is even”);
else
printf(“number is odd”);
}
20
Q-1) WAP to print the even number between 1 to 100 and also
print how many numbers are even.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int i,a=0;
clrscr();
for(i=1;i<=100;i++)
{
if(i%2==0)
{
printf("\t%d",i);
a=a+1;
}}
printf("\n Total even numbers are=%d",a);
getch();
}
Q-2) WAP to find the factorial of the given number.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int i,n;
int fact=1;
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter the number whose factorial is required");
scanf("%d",&n);
if(n==0)
fact=1;
else
if(n==1)
fact=1;
else {
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
fact=fact*i;
}}
printf("\n The required factorial is %d",fact);
getch();
}
21
Q-3) WAP to check whether the given number is prime or

composite.
Q-4) WAP to find the sum of the digits of a number.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int sum=0,n,r;
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter the number:");
scanf("%d",&n);
while(n!=0)
{
r=n%10;
n=n/10;
sum=sum+r;
}
printf("\n The sum of digits are %d",sum);
getch();
}
Q-5) WAP to check whether the given number is palindrome or not.
Q-6) WAP to print fibonacci series.
Q-7) WAP to print given pattern-

(a) * (b) 1
* * 1 2
* * * 1 2 3
* * * * 1 2 3 4
22
#include<stdio.h> #include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h> #include<conio.h>
void main() void main()
{ {
int i,j; int i,j;
clrscr(); clrscr();
for(i=1;i<=4;i++) for(i=1;i<=4;i++)
{ {
for(j=1;j<=i;j++) for(j=1;j<=i;j++)
{ {
printf("\t *"); printf("\t%d",j);
} }
printf("\n"); printf("\n");
} }
getch(); getch();
} }
23
EXPERIMENT – 10
OBJECTIVE: - To implement of arrays, matrices and strings in ‘C’

language.
THEORY AND CONCEPTS:- This Experiment is based on Arrays.

An array is a collection of similar types of data items. Previously,
we declared variable for taking and value but it can hold only one
value at a time. Problem arises when we want to store the age of
80 employees or elements of any matrix. The concept array useful
in this situation. The elements of array share the same variable
name. The elements of arrays are indicated by specifying the
array name followed by subscript in bracket. For example arr[10]
declaration of array-
Int a[10];
For multidimensional array declaration is like that
Int a[3][3];
It means 3 rows and 3 columns, 9 values can be stored in array
a[3][3].
To store 5 values in arrays
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
Int a[5],I;
for (i=0 ; i<=4 ; i++)
{
scanf(“%d”,&a[i]);
}
for (i=0 ; i<=4 ; i++)
{
printf(“%d”, a[i]);
}
For
e.g. #include<stdio.h>
main()
{
char name[ ]=”RAM”;
int i=0;
while (i<=3)
{
printf(“%c”,name[i]);
i++;
}
24
}
It prints RAM.
1) WAP to store 10 numbers in array and then print them.
2) WAP to find out sum of all elements of an array.
3) WAP to find the largest and second largest in the given array.
4) WAP to transpose of the given matrix.
5) WAP to multiply of two matrices and print the result.
6) WAP to input a string and print it.
7) WAP to count the length of the string. String is input by the
user.
8) WAP to count the numbers of vowels, consonants and spaces.
9) WAP to sort the string alphabetically.
10) WAP to check whether given string is palindrome or not.
25

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COMAPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB.

Department Of Computer Science &

1. To give the knowledge of basic DOS commands to the

In question 2 to form the following tree first make the directory by

C:> MD RGEC (press Enter)

Then by CD command change current directory to RGEC and again

C:> Copy con abc.txt (press Enter)

To make the modification in the file by using editor.

C:> Edit abc.txt (press Enter)

And then in editor change can be made.

Objective: To explain the difference between internal & external

Theory & concepts: Internal commands are defined in the file

e.g. DIR, TYPE, MD, CLS, TIME

e.g. FORMAT, CHKDSK, XCOPY, ATTRIB, etc.

In question 2 mention the type of command syntax and options

2. Explain the use of following DOS commands, mentioning

3. What is batch file? How the batch file is created?

4. Create a batch file that clears the screen and show

5. Create a batch file that

a. Show the directories

b. Clear the screen

c. Make the directory named RGEC

d. Delete the directory RGEC

Without showing the commands to user

Objective: To give the basic knowledge of windows operating

Theory and concepts: -

system of the world. It based on GUI (Graphical User Interface).

1. Explain the features of windows operating system.

Objective: To give the basic knowledge of notepad, WordPad,

Theory and concept:-

1. In MS-word, Note Pad, word pad

Objective: To implementation of Unix commands.

Theory & concepts: Unix is a multi-user and multitasking

Foe example to show the files and directories we use the ls

Explain the following UNIX commands.

1. To show current path and directory

17. TO show the content of file as page wise by

Objective- Implementation of ‘C’ program using the output and

Theory and concepts: C is a general purpose programming

Input a=3, b=4

Q-1) WAP to print the statement -:

Q-3) WAP to calculate to sum, division and multiplication of the

Q-4) WAP to swapping of the two numbers.

Q-5) WAP to calculate the simple interest the values of rate of

Q-6) WAP to change the temperature into Fahrenheit to Celsius.

Objective: To implementation of c program using control & switch

/* Program to calculate final velocity, distance using Newton's

printf("Enter the value of initial velocity(u), accelaration(a),

PROGRAMS IN C USING CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS, LOOP SWITCH

2. The current year and the year of joining of any employee

3. WAP to find the greatest of three numbers using if-else and

4. WAP to determine whether a given year is a leap year or not

printf("\n the result is Second Division");

Objective:- To implementation of various gates using ‘C’

Theory & Concept:-

e.g. For AND gate

1. Write a program to get the output of AND gate.

2. Write a program to get the output of OR gate.

Objective: To implement the loops and the arithmetic operator

Theory and concepts: Simply in this Experiment nesting of loops

Q-2) WAP to find the factorial of the given number.

Q-3) WAP to check whether the given number is prime or

Q-4) WAP to find the sum of the digits of a number.