Design of 73m Steel Bridge Over Indus River

DESIGN OF STEEL BRIDGE OVER INDUS 73 M SPAN
DESIGN DATA FOR SUPERSTRUCTURE(73 M BRIDGE)

Span of bridge 73 m
Nos. of panels 11 nos
Length of intermediate panels 6.636 m 3.318
Length of end panels 6.636 m
Spacing of intermediate girders 6.636 m
Spacing of end girders 6.636 m
Width of slab 4.68 m
Panel length of slab 4.68 m
Panel width of slab 6.636 m
Thickness of deck slab 0.008 m
Width of carriageway 4.25 m
Av. Thickness of wearing coat 0 m
Density of concrete(slab) 2.5 t/m3
Density of wearing coat 2.5 t/m3
Height of truss 7.5 m
Height of kerb 0.275 m
Width of kerb 0.215 m
Impact factor (for steel members) 1.154
Length of cross girder 4.68 m
Width of member 0.4 m
Effective width of bridge 5.104 m
Width of footpath 0 m
Overall width 5.50 m
SATVIR GUPTA FABRICATOR
DESIGN OF DECK SLAB :
A)Dead load calculation :
Dead load intensity of deck : 0.008 * 7.85 = 0.0628 t/m2
dead loadintensity of wearing: 0 * 2.5 = 0 t/m2
total 0.0628 t/m2
Say 0.23 t/m2
Use M25 grade of concrete and spanning transversely between the cross girder . Influence
co-efficient are taken from "Steel Table" by Prof. Ramamrutham.
Deck slab is design like a continuous beam.
B.M. due to dead load :
a. + Ve B.M. at 0.5L in the end
= 0.078 x 0.23 * 6.636 * 6.636
= 0.79010132 t-m/m
b. -Ve B.M.at penultimate support
= 0.105 x 0.23 * 6.636 * 6.636
= 1.06359793 t-m/m
c. -Ve B.M. at inner support
= 0.079 x 0.23 * 6.636 * 6.636
= 0.80023083 t-m/m
d. +Ve B.M.at 0.5L in inner span
= 0.046 0.23 * 6.636 * 6.636
= 0.46595719 t-m/m
Live load calculation :
CLASS A LOAD
Length of load : 0.25 m
Total load : 11.4 t
Width of track : 0.5 m
Width overall track : 2.3 m
Clearence : 0.3 m
Dispersed width of load in longitudinal direction :
= 0.25 + 2 *( 0 + 0.008 )
= 0.266 m 11.4 11.4
Dispersed width of load in transverse direction : 1.22 2.708 m
Be = Alpha * x ( 1 - x/l) + Bw 6.636 m
l = 6.636 m
x = 2.708 m
Length of slab / Width of slab = 4.68 / 6.636
= 0.7052055
So Alpha = 2.48 ( As per IRC-21 cl -305.16.2 for continuous slab)
Bw = 0.5 + 2 * 0
= 0.5 m
Be = 2.48 * 2.708 ( 1 - 0.408082 ) + 0.5
= 3.9755 + 0.5
= 4.475 m > 1.8 m
So there is overlapping.
4.475
1.8 m
So Be = 4.475 + 1.8 = 6.275492 m
Intensity of load :
Impact factor : 50 % as per IRC-6-2000
= 11.4 * 1.5 / ( 6.275492 * 1 )
= 2.72488587 t/m
Total intensity of load = 2.724886 t/m
= 4.1 t/m
B.M. due to live load :
= 4.1 * 2.708182 - 4.1 * 2.70818 * 3.9282 / 6.6364
= 11.1035455 - 6.572386
= 4.53115917 tm/m
= 6.57238629
Total B.M.
1. Max . -Ve B.M. : 1.06359793 + 6.5723863 = 7.63598 tm
2. Max. + Ve B.M. : 0.79010132 + 4.5311592 = 5.32126 tm
Check for depth of deck slab :
Depth reqd. : SQRT( M / R b)
Use M35 Grade Concrete
Here Permissible compressive stress of concrete: 11.5 N/mm2
Permissible tensile stress of steel : 240 N/mm2
For bridge m : 10
k = 11.5 * 10 / 11.5 * 10
= 115 / 355 + 240
= 0.32394366
j = 1 - 0.323944 / 3
= 0.89201878
R = 0.5 * 11.5 * 0.323944 * 0.89202
= 1.66154202
Check for depth of deckslab :
d reqd = SQRT 76359842.2 / 1.661542 * 1000
= 214.376337 mm
Provided depth of deck slab = 8 mm
Provided clear cover = 40 mm
Dia. of reinforcement = 12 mm
Effective depth of deck slab = 8 - 40 - 6
= -38 mm > 214.376 mm
O.K.
Main reinforcement :
1. Top reinforcement :
Ast = 76359842.2 / ( 240 * 0.892019 * -38 )
= -9386.33795 mm2/m
Provided 16 dia bar @ 130 mm c/c. Area provided = 1546.6 mm2
Hence OK
2.Bottom reinforcement :
Ast = 53212604.9 / 240 * 0.892019 * -38
= -6541.02311 mm2/m
Hence OK
Distribution reinforcement :
Ast = 0.12 * 1000 * 8 / 100
= 9.6 mm2/m
OR Ast = 0.3 * -9386.3379 = -2815.9 mm2
Check for shear :
Shear force = 0.23 * 6.6363636 / 2 * + 4.1 +
at support 4.1 * 5.4163636 / 6.63636
= 0.76318182 + 7.446274
= 8.20945579 t
Depth (d) = -38 mm
Width (b) = 1000 mm
Due to Dead Load 0.23 t/m
0.008 m 6.636364 m
A
B
X
X
Reaction on Support : 0.23 6.6363636 / 2 + 4.1 +
4.1 * 5.416364 / 6.63636
= 0.763182 + 4.1 + 3.34627
= 8.209456 ton
Force at section X-X : 8.20945579 - 0.23 * 0.008
= 8.20761579 t
Shear stress = 82076.1579 / ( -38 * 1000 )
= -2.15989889 N/mm2
% of Tensile steel : 100 * 1546.63
-38 * 1000
; -4.07008

Permissible shear stress : -0.683118 N/mm2 -4.07008 0.75 1.00
Hence OK -0.59402 0.37 0.42
As per Cl. 304.7.1.3.3 of IRC : 21 : 2000
The shear stress shall be increased by 15 %
X
*
DESIGN OF INTERMEDIATE CROSS GIRDER:
Crossgirder is design as a composite section.Composite section is consist of deck slab
and steelsection.
Ec = 290000 kg/cm2
Es = 2110000 kg/cm2
Section Properties ( Permanent Loads)
m = 15 ( For Bridge)
Effective flange width ( As per IRC 21 -2000-cl-305.15.2)
be = bw + l/ 5
13.35 + 468 / 5
= 106.95 cm
beff = 106.95 / 15 Properties ISMB 400
Area 78.46 cm2
= 7.13 cm C.G. 20.00 cm
I 20458.4 cm4
Depth 40.00 cm
Section properties for dead loads :
Item size(cm) Area (cm2) Yt(cm) A * Yt(cm3)A*Yt2(cm4)Ixo(cm4)
B(cm) t(cm)
Slab 7.13000 0.8 5.704 0.4 2.2816 0.9 0.30421
ISMB 400 14 0.89 78.46 20.8 1631.968 33945 20458.4
Plate 33 0 0 40 0 0 0
Total 84.164 61.2 1634.25 33946 20458.7
Ycg = 1634.2496 / 84.164 = 19.41744 cm
Ixx = 20458.7042 + 33945.85 - 19.41744 * 19.4174
* 84.164
= 22671.6042 cm4
Ztt = 22671.6042 / 19.41744
= 1167.58964 cm3 400 ISMB 400 400
Zbb = 22671.6042 / 21.38256
= 1060.28495 cm3
Section Properties ( Transient Loads)
m = 7.5 ( For Bridge)
be = bw + l/ 5
6.675 + 468 / 5
= 100.275 cm
beff = 100.275 / 7.5 Properties ISMB 400
Area 78.46 cm2
= 13.37 cm C.G. 20.00 cm
I 20458.4 cm4
Depth 40.00 cm
Section properties :
B(cm) t(cm)
Slab 13.37 0.8 10.696 0.4 4.2784 1.7 0.57045
ISMB 400 14 0.89 78.46 20.8 1631.968 33945 20458.4
Plate 33 0 0 40 0 0 0
Total 89.156 61.2 1636.246 33947 20459

Ycg = 1636.2464 / 89.156 = 18.35262 cm
Ixx = 20458.9705 + 33946.65 - 18.35262 * 18.3526
* 89.156
= 24376.2039 cm4
Ztt = 24376.2039 / 18.35262
= 1328.21367 cm3 400 ISMB 400 400
Zbb = 24376.2039 / 22.44738
= 1085.92658 cm3
LOAD CALCULATION :
1) Dead load :
Load due to deck slab : 0.23 * 6.636364 = 1.53 t/m
Load due to crossgirder : 0.06 t/m
Total UDL : 1.59 t/m
1.59
5.104 m
4.05 t 4.05 t
Max. SF at end = 1.59 * 5.104 / 2
= 4.05 t
Max. B.M. at mid = 4.05 * 2.552 - 1.59 * 5.104
* 5.104 / 8
= 5.17 t-m
Live load analysis for Crossgirder :
Load of each wheel with impact: 5.7 * 1.48 = 8.436 t
A
B
8.436 t 8.436 t
1.22 m
6.636 m 6.636 t
Max. reaction at central support : 8.436 + 8.436 * 5.41636 / 6.636
: 8.436 + 6.885163
= 15.32116 ton
Max. B.M. :
1.652 15.32 t 15.32 t 1.652
1.8
1.035
5.104 m
15.32 15.32
B.M. : 15.32 * 2.552 - 15.32 * 0.9
= 25.31
= 25.31 tm
Max. S.F. : 15.32 t 15.32 t
1.8 2.455
5.104
A B
0.212

0.325

0.40

A B
S.F. : ( 15.32 * 4.255 + 15.32 * 2.455 )
/ 5.104
+
= 102.805002 / 5.104
= 20.1420458
= 20.1420458 t
Total B.M. : 5.17 + 25.31 = 30.48 t-m
Total S.F. : 4.05 + 20.14 = 24.19 t
Check for compressive and tensile stress :
Max. compressive stress in concrete : 517093.96 / 1167.59 * 15
due to dead load = 29.524869 kg/cm2 < 116.7 kg/cm2
Hence OK
Max . Tensile stress in steel : 517093.96 / 1060.28
due to dead load = 487.69339 kg/cm2 < 1550 kg/cm2
Hence OK
Max. compressive stress in concrete : 2531056.1 / 1328.21 * 7.5
due to live load = 254.08122 kg/cm2 > 116.7 kg/cm2
Revise
due to dead load = 2330.7801 kg/cm2 > 1550 kg/cm2
Revise
Total compressive stress in concrete = 283.60608 Kg/cm2 < 116.7 Kg/cm2
Total tensile stress in steel = 2818.4735 Kg/cm2 < 1550 Kg/cm2
A B
Shear stress = 24194.506 / ( 0.89 * 35 )
= 776.70967 Kg/cm2 < 950 Kg/cm2
Connection of Plate and angle :
Maximum shear = 24.1945063 t
Horizental shear per 1 cm length = F * A y
I
= 24194.5063 * 12.46 * 18.97244 + #REF! * 16.387
22671.6042
= 1.06717223 * ( 236.3966 + #REF! )
= #REF! kg
Provide staggere pitch
Dia of rivet = 1.6 cm
Shear strength of rivet = 3.14* 1.75 * 1.75 * #REF!
/ 4
= #REF! kg
Bearing strenght = 1 * 7.5 * 2250
= 16875 kg
Spacing = #REF! = #REF! cm
#REF!
Provided 10.68 cm spacing c/c ( Not exceed 12t)
Connection of Web Plate and angle :
Maximum shear = 24.1945063 t
Horizental shear per 1 cm length = F * A y
I
= 24194.5063 * 6.675 * 14.77744 + #REF! * 16.387
22671.6042
= 1.06717223 * ( 98.63943 + #REF! )
= #REF! kg
Provide staggere pitch
Dia of rivet = 1.6 cm
Shear strength of rivet = 3.14* 1.75 * 1.75 * #REF!
/ 4
= #REF! kg
Bearing strenght = 1 * 7.5 * 2250
= 16875 kg
Spacing = #REF! = #REF! cm
#REF!
Provided 9.6 cm spacing c/c ( Not exceed 12t)
DESIGN OF END CROSS GIRDER:
Properties ISA 100 100 8
Area 15.39 cm2
C.G. 2.76 cm
I 145.1 cm4
Depth cm
Section properties : Design as a symmetical section
Item size(cm) Area (cm2) Yt(cm) A * Yt(cm3)A*Yt2(cm4)Ixo(cm4) Nos
B(cm) t(cm)
PL 45 1.8 81 0.9 72.9 65.6 21.87 1
PL 35 1.6 56 2.6 145.6 378.6 11.9467 1
ISA 100 100 8 10 0.8 30.78 6.16 189.6048 1168.0 290.2 2 nos
Web PL 33.6 1.6 53.76 21.20 1139.712 24161.9 5057.74 1
Web PL 31.6 1.2 75.84 21.20 1607.808 34085.5 6310.9 2
ISA 100 100 8 10 0.8 30.78 36.24 1115.467 40424.5 290.2 2
PL 35 1.6 56 39.8 2228.8 88706.2 11.9467 1
PL 45 1.8 81 41.5 3361.5 139502.3 21.87 1
Total 465.16 9861.392 328492.6 12016.7
Ycg = 9861.392 / 465.16 = 21.2 cm
Ixx = 12016.6733 + 328492.6 - 21.2 * 21.2
* 465.16
= 131447.744 cm4
350 16
ISA 100 100 8
Web PL 316 * 12
356.0 mm 424
Ztt = 131447.744 / 21.2 Web PL 336.0 * 16
= 6200.36527 cm3
mm
*
Zbb = 131447.744 / 21.2
= 6200.36527 cm3 450 * 18 mm
Stress check for Jackup Condition :
51.5 t 51.5 t
-1.198 m -1.198
7.5 m
Reaction on each support A : 51.47 t
B.M. at Support A : 51.5 * -1.198
= -61.65507 t-m
S.F. at support A : 51.5
= 51.5 t
B.M. at centre : 51.47 * 2.552 - 51.5 * 3.8
= -61.65507 t-m
S.F. at centre : 0
Bending stress : -61.65507 * 100000 / 6200.37
= -994.378029 kg/cm2 < 1650kg/cm2
Shear stress : 51.465 * 1000 / 4 * 42.4
= 303.449292 kg/cm2 < 950 kg/cm2
Combined Stress : SQRT -994.378 * -994.378 + 3 * 303.45
* 303.45
A B
= 1124.73645 kg/cm2 < 2300kg/cm2
OK
CONNECTION BETWEEN CROSSGIRDER AND BOTTOM CHORD :(Intermediate Girder)
Max. S.F. : 24.19451 t
Use 2 nos ISA 150* 150* 12 as a cleat angle
Depth : 35.00 cm
Thick : 1.2 cm
Shear stress : 24194.51 / ( 35 * 0.89 )
= 776.7097 kg/cm2 < 950 kg/cm2 ( 0.38fy)
O.K.
Design of nos. bolt :
1.Connection between crossgirder and cleat angle :(Intermediate Girder)
Force : 24194.51 kg
Min thick : 0.89 cm
HSFG Bolt :
Provide 22 dia 8 G Bolts
As per table 1 of SP:6(4)-1989
Proof Load = 18180 Kg
Shear per Bolt = 0.45 * 18180 * N / 1.4
= 5843.57 N Kg
N = 2 Nos. of effective interfaces
Shear per Bolt = 5843.571 * 2
= 11687.14 Kg
Nos. of Bolts reqd. = 24194.51 / 11687.1 * 1.05
= 2.173691
Provided 6 Nos Bolt
2.Connection between bottomchord and cleat angle :(Intermediate Girder)
Force : 24194.51 kg
Min thick : 0.76 cm
Dia of Bolt: 2.2 cm
Gross dia : 2.35 cm
Bolt value 5843.571 Kg
Nos. of bolts reqd : 24194.51 * 1.05 / 5843.6
= 4.347381 nos
Provided 3 nos bolt on each side
CONNECTION BETWEEN CROSSGIRDER AND BOTTOM CHORD :(End Girder)
Max. S.F. : 51.5 t
Use 2 nos ISA 200* 200* 16 as a cleat angle and 10mm plate both side
Depth : 33.6 cm
Thick : 2.6 cm
Shear stress : 51465 / 2 * 33.6 * 2.6
= 294.557 kg/cm2 < 950 kg/cm2
O.K.
Design of nos. of rivet :
1.Connection between crossgirder and cleat angle :(End Girder)
Force : 51465 kg
Min thick : 2.6 cm
Dia of rivet: 2.4 cm
Gross dia : 2.55 cm
Permissible shear strss : 950 kg/cm2
Permissible bearing strss : 2250 kg/cm2
We provided the cleat angle on both side of web of cross girder. So double shear will be
acted.
Use 22 mm dia power driven rivet.
Shear strength of rivet = 2 * 3.14* 2.55 * 2.55 * 950
/ 4
= 9698.48 kg
Bearing strength = 4 * 2.55 * 2250
= 22950 kg
Rivet value : 9698.479 kg
Nos. of rivets reqd : 51465 * 1.2 / 9698.5
= 6.367803 nos b
Provided 20 nos of rivet
2.Connection between bottomchord and cleat angle :(End Girder)
Force : 51465 kg
Min thick : 1.6 cm
Gross dia : 2.55
Use 24 mm dia power driven rivet.
Shear strength of rivet = 3.14* 2.55 * 2.55 * 950
/ 4
= 4849.24 kg
Bearing strength = 1.6 * 2.55 * 2250
= 9180 kg
Nos. of rivets reqd : 51465 * 1.2 / 4849.2
= 12.73561 nos
Provided 20 nos of rivet on each side
DESIGN OF SHEAR CONNECTORS :
The longitudinal shear per unit length at the interface of prefebricated section and cast-
in-situ shall be evaluated from the following expression.
VL = V * Ac * Ycg / I
VL = Longitudinal shear per unit length.
V = Vertical shear due to SIDL and live load with impact = 20870.8 kg
Ac = Area of transform section on one side of interface = 0 cm2
Ycg = Distance of the centriod of the area under consideration from the neutral axis
of the composite section. ( 23.013687 - 0.4 )
= 22.6137 cm
I = Moment of inertia of the composite section = 22671.6 cm4
VL = 20870.8042 * 0 * 22.61369 / 22671.6
= 0 kg/cm
= 0 N/mm
Use ISA 75*75*8 as a shear connectors with 10 dia bar and grade of concrete is M35
For the angle connector made with mild steel (As per IRC-21-cl-611-4-1-3-1)
Q = 3.32 * ( h + 0.5 t) L * SQRT fck
ISA75*75*8
100mm
40mm
crossgirder
150mm
10mm dia bar
Q = The safe shear resistance in Newton's of one shear connector
h = Mimimum thickness of flange = 8 mm
t = Mimimum thickness of web = 8 mm
L = Length of shear connector = 140 - 2 * 20 = 100 mm
SQRTfck : SQRT 35 = 5.91608
Q = 3.32 * ( 75 + 0.5 * 8 ) * 100 * 5.91607978
= 3.32 * 79 * 100 * 5.91608
= 155166.941 N
Spacing of shear connectors :
P = Q / VL
= 155166.941 / 0
= #DIV/0! mm

But P < 600 mm OR 4 * Height of connector = 600mm
So We provided ISA 75*75*8 @ 200 mm C/C
0.9955 t
1.6 m
Design of Footpath Beam :
1.7 m
Intensity of live load : ( P' - 260 + 4800 ) ( 16.5 - W )
73 15
: 400.00- 260 + 65.75342 ) ( 16.5 - 0 )
15
: 205.75 * 1.1
: 226.3288 kg/m2
Dead load due to deck slab : 0.15 * 6.636364 * 2.5 = 2.4886 t/m
Load duee to live load : 0.226 * 6.636364 = 1.502 t/m
Total = 3.9906 t/m
Point load due to railing and railing post : 0.15 * 6.636 = 0.9955 t
B.M. : 3.99063636 * 1.7 * 1.7 / 2 +
0.99545 * 1.6
= 5.76646955 + 1.592727
= 7.35919682 t-m
S.F. : 3.99063636 * 1.7 + 0.995455 = 7.77954 t
Provided ISMB 200 as a footpath beam
A : 32.33 cm2
Ixx : 2235.4 cm4
Zxx : 223.5 cm3
Zyy : 30 cm3
Depth : 20 cm
Thickness 0.57 cm
Bending stress : 7.35919682 * 100000 / 223.5
= 3292.70551 kg/cm2 < 1550kg/cm2
Shear stress : 7.77953636 * 1000 / 20 * 0.57
= 682.41547 kg/cm2
Combined Stress : SQRT 3292.706 * 3292.706 + 3 * 682.42
* 682.42
= 3498.42568 kg/cm2 < 2300kg/cm2
OK
DESIGN OF FOOTPATH SLAB :
Dead load of footpath Slab : 0.15 * 2.5 = 0.375 t/m2
Use M35 grade of concrete and spanning transversely between the cross girder . Influence
co-efficient are taken from "Steel Table" by Prof. Ramamrutham.
Deck slab is design like a continuous beam.
B.M. due to dead load :
= 0.078 * 0.375 * 6.6363636 * 6.63636
= 1.28820868 t-m/m
= 0.105 * 0.375 * 6.6363636 * 6.63636
= 1.73412707 t-m/m
c. -Ve B.M. at inner support
= 0.079 * 0.375 * 6.6363636 * 6.63636
= 1.30472417 t-m/m
d. +Ve B.M.at 0.5L in inner span
= 0.046 * 0.375 * 6.6363636 * 6.63636
= 0.75971281 t-m/m
B.M. Due to live load :
1. +Ve B.M. at 0.5L in the end span :
= 0.1 * 0.226329 * 6.636364 * 6.63636
= 0.99678182 t- m/m
2. -Ve B.M. atpenultimate support :
= 0.116 * 0.226329 * 6.636364 * 6.63636
= 1.15626691 t- m/m
3. -Ve B.M. at inner support :
= 0.107 * 0.226329 * 6.636364 * 6.63636
= 1.06655655 t- m/m
4. +Ve B.M. at 0.5L in inner support :
= 0.086 * 0.226329 * 6.636364 * 6.63636
= 0.85723236 t- m/m
Total B.M.
1. Max . -Ve B.M. : 1.73412707 + 1.1562669 = 2.89039 t- m/m
2. Max. + Ve B.M. : 1.28820868 + 0.9967818 = 2.28499 t- m/m
Check for depth of deck slab :
Depth reqd. : SQRT( M / R b)
Here Permissible compressive stress of concrete: 11.5 N/mm2
Permissible tensile stress of steel : 200 N/mm2
For bridge m : 10
k = 11.5 * 10 / 11.5 * 10
= 115 / 315 + 200
= 0.36507937
j = 1 - 0.365079 / 3
= 0.87830688
R = 0.5 * 11.5 * 0.365079 * 0.87831
= 1.84374738
Check for depth of deckslab :
d reqd = SQRT 28903939.8 / 1.8437474 * 1000
= 125.206771 mm
Provided depth of footpath slab = 150 mm
Provided clear cover = 40 mm
Dia. Of reinforcement = 16 mm
Width of footpath beam = 125 mm
Effective depth of deck slab = 150 - 40 - 8
= 102 mm > 125.207 mm
O.K.
Main reinforcement :
1. Top reinforcement :
Ast = 28903939.8 / 200 * 0.878307 * 102
= 1613.17169 mm2
Provided 10 dia bar @ 220 mm c/c. Area provided = 357 mm2
Revise
2.Bottom reinforcement :
Ast = 22849905 / 200 * 0.878307 * 102
= 1275.28704 mm2
Revise
Distribution reinforcement :
Ast = 0.12 * 1000 * 150 / 100
= 180 mm2
Hence OK
Check for shear :
Shear force = ( 0.375 + 0.2263288 ) * 6.63636 / 2
= 1.99531818 t/m
Depth (d) = 102 mm
Width (b) = 1000 mm
1.9953182 t/m
0.2125 m 6.636364 m
Reaction on each Support : 1.995318 6.6363636 / 2
= 6.620829 t
Force at section X-X : 6.62082851 - 1.9953182 * 0.2125
= 6.1968234 t
Shear stress = 61968.234 / 102 * 1000
= 0.60753171 N/mm2
% of Tensile steel : 100 * 356.9992
102 * 1000
; 0.349999

Permissible shear stress : 0.24 N/mm2 0.35 0.75 1.00
Revise 0.24 0.32 0.37
A
B
X
X
*
CONNECTION BETWEEN FOOTPATH BEAM AND BOTTOM CHORD :
Check for shear stress :
Moment : 7.36 t-m
Max. S.F.: 7.77953636 t
Moment resisted by equal forces in angles , forming a couple of magnitude equal to end moment.
Pull on angles : Moment = 735.91968 = 36.796 t
Depth section 20
This pull will cause shear in both connecting angles to the section.
Use 2 ISA 150 150 12 as cleat angles
Thickness of web : 0.57 cm
Depth : 15 cm
Shear stress : 36795.9841 / 0.57 * 15 * 2
= 2151.81194 kg/cm2< 1075 kg/cm2
O.K.
Design of nos. of rivet :
1.Connection between beam and cleat angle :
Force : 36795.9841 kg
Min thick : 0.57 cm
Gross dia : 2.35 cm
We provided the cleat angle on both side of web of cross girder. So double shear will be
acted.
Use 20mm dia power driven rivet.
Shear strength of rivet = 2 * 3.14* 2.35 * 2.35 * 950
/ 4
= 8236.809 kg
= 3013.875 kg
Nos. of rivets reqd : 36795.9841 * 1.2 / 3013.88
= 14.6506345 nos
Provided 6 nos of rivet .
2.Connection between bottomchord and cleat angle :
Force : 36795.9841 kg
Min thick : 1.2 cm
Gross dia : 2.35 cm
Use 20mm dia power driven rivet.
Shear strength of rivet = 3.14* 2.35 * 2.35 * 950
/ 4
= 4118.404 kg
= 6345 kg
Nos. of rivets reqd : 36795.9841 * 1.2 / 4118.4
= 10.7214292 nos
Provided 6 nos rivet on each side.
CALCULATION OF MULTIPLYING FACTORS :
1. Class A Loading (single lane) :
Half width of member : 0.2 m
Width of kerb : 0.227 m
Clearence : 0.15 m
Half Width of overall width of load : 0.9 m
P(unit load)
0.9 3.377 m
5.104 m
Multiplying factor with impact :
= 3.377 * 1.154 / 5.104
= 0.76353017
Axle Load 2.7 t with multipication factor = 2.061531 ton
Axle Load 11.4 t with multipication factor = 8.704244 ton
Axle Load 6.8 with multiplication factor = 5.192005 ton
0.2

0.227
0.40

2. Class 24 R Track Loading ( Singla Lane ) :
Half width of member : 0.2 m
Width of kerb : 0.227 m
Clearence : 0.3 m
Half Width of overall width of load :1.22 m
P(unit load)
1.22 3.157 m
1.937
5.104 m
Multiplying factor with impact :
= 3.157 * 1.1 / 5.104
= 0.68038793
Track Load 25 t with multipication factor = 17.0097 ton
= 17 ton ( Say )

0.2

0.337
0.30

Total Wt. of Structral Steel = 168.7 ton
Dead load of deck slab : 73 * 4.68 * 0 * 2.5
= 0 t
Dead load of W.C : 73 * 4.25 * 0 * 2.4
= 0 t
Wt of kerb : 0.215 * 0.275 * 73 * 2.5 * 2
= 21.580625 t
Railing = 0.1 * 73 * 2 = 14.6 t
Total Dead load : 204.880625 t
Load per truss : 102.440313 t
UDL on Truss : 102.440313 / 73
= 1.40329195 t/m
Say : 1.41 t/m 205.86 t
Snow load = 25 cm
Total load of snow on the bridge = 0.25 * 4.68 * 73 * 0.9
= 76.869 ton
Load on each truss = 76.869 / 2
= 38.4345 ton
= 38.4345 / 73
= 0.5265 ton/m

Bearing Load Calculations
Braking force is considered 20 % of live load coming on the span for the first train and 10% for the succeeding train as per
cl. 214.2 of IRC :6.
0
Non Seismic Case
Horizontal force at bearing level :
I Normal Case Live Load Max.
Total braking force = 83.1 kN
Horizontal force at free end DL LL rc. at free end wind load
m R = 0.03 x ( 514.65 + 550.00 + 200.24 + 0 )
= 0.03 x 1264.89 = 37.947 kN
Horizontal force = 37.94671 + 83.1 = 79.497 kN
at fixed end 2
Max. Vertical load = 1264.89 KN
Governing Longitudnal force at Fixed End = 79.4967 kn
Governing Longitudinal force at Free End = 37.9467 KN
Non Seismic Case
Horizontal force at bearing level :
II Normal Case Live Load Min.
Total braking force = 83.1 kN
Horizontal force at free end DL LL rc. at free end
m R = 0.03 x ( 514.65 + 0.00 - 200.24 )
= 0.03 x 314.41 = 9.4323 kN
Horizontal force = 9.432288 + 83.1 = 50.982 kN
at fixed end = 2 83.1 - 9.4322875
= 73.6677 KN
Max. Vertical Load = 314.41 KN
Governing Longitudnal force at Fixed End = 73.6677 kN
Governing Longitudinal force at Free End = 9.432288 KN
ii Seismic Case Live Load Max.
Seismic Coefficient = 0.12
Braking force due to live load = 41.55 kN
Total braking force in normal case = 41.55 KN
Fh due to seismic = 0.120 x ( 1060.18 ) = 127.22 kN
Total Fh in Seismic Case = 127.221 + 41.55 = 168.7715 kN
Fh - m R = 168.771 - 41.0265 = 127.75 kN
Fh/2 + m R = 168.771 + 41.0265 = 125.41 kN
2
Total Vertical load = 514.65 + 0.06 * 514.65 + 275.0
= 820.53 KN
Governing Horizontal force at Free End = 41.0265 KN
ii Seismic Case Live Load Min.
Seismic Coefficient = 0.12
Braking force due to live load = 41.55 kN
Total braking force in normal case = 41.55 KN
Fh due to seismic = 0.120 x ( 510.18 ) = 61.221 kN
Total Fh in Seismic Case = 61.2215 + 41.55 = 102.7715 kN
h
Fh - m R = 102.771 - 24.1886 = 78.583 kN
Fh/2 + m R = 102.771 + 24.1886 = 75.574 kN
2
Total Vertical load = 514.65 - 0.06 * 515 + 0.00
= 483.77 KN
Governing Horizontal force at Free End = 24.1886 KN
BEARING LOADS FOR 73 M SPAN STEEL BRIDGE OVER INDUS RIVER
Type of superstructure = Steel truss ( Through type)
Distribution plate = Reqd.
Grade of concrete for pedestal = M35
Fixed Bearing
Non Seismic Case
Min. Vertical load = 314.41 KN
Hor. Force ( Max. load) = 79.49671 KN
Hor. Force ( Min. Load) = 73.66771 KN
Movement Long. = 0 mm
Movement Trans = 0 mm
Rotation = 0.01 radians
Seismic Case
Min. Vertical load = 483.771 KN
Hor. Force ( Max. load) = 127.745 KN
Hor. Force (Min. Load) = 78.58293 KN
Guide L Bearing
Non Seismic Case
Min. Vertical Load = 314.4096 KN
Horizontal force ( Max. load ) = 37.94671 KN
Horizontal force ( Min. Load ) = 9.432288 KN
Movement Long. = +/- 40 mm
Movement trans. = +/- 4.0 mm
Seismic Case
Max. Horizontal force = 41.02645 KN
Min. Horizontal force = 24.18855 KN
Guide T Bearing
Non Seismic Case
Movement Long. = +/- 4.0 mm
Movement trans. = +/-12.5 mm
Seismic Case
Movement Long. = +/-4.0 mm
Free Float Bearing
Non Seismic Case
Horizontal force ( Max. Load ) = 37.94671 KN
Horizontal force ( Min. Load ) = 9.432288 KN
Seismic Case
Horizontal force ( Max. Load ) = 41.02645 KN
Horizontal force ( Min. Load) = 24.18855 KN
BEARING LOADS FOR 73 M SPAN STEEL BRIDGE OVER INDUS RIVER
Type of superstructure = Steel truss ( Through type)
Distribution plate = Reqd.
Grade of concrete for pedestal = M35
Fixed Bearing
No. of bearing = 2
Non Seismic Case
Max. Vertical Load = 1270 KN
Min. Vertical load = 310 KN
Hor. Force ( Max Load ) = 127 KN ( Min 10 % )
Hor. Force (Min. load ) = 74 KN
Seismic Case
Min. Vertical load = 480 KN
Hor. Force ( Max. Load ) = 130 KN
Hor. Force ( Min. Load ) = 80 KN
Guide L Bearing
No. of bearing = 2
Non Seismic Case
Min. Vertical Load = 310 KN
Max. Horizontal force = 127 KN
Min. Horizontal force = 31 KN
Seismic Case
Min. Horizontal forcee = 48 KN
Guide T Bearing
No. of bearing = 1
Non Seismic Case
Min. Vertical force = 74 KN
Movement Long. = +/- 2.5 mm
Seismic Case
Movement Long. = +/-2.5 mm
Free Float Bearing
No. of bearing = 1
Non Seismic Case
Seismic Case
WIND LOAD ANALYSIS ( IRC-6-2000)
Member Length Depth
Ttop chord member : 6.636364 m 0.408 m
Bottom member : 6.636364 m 0.45 m
Vertical member : 7.5 m 0.25 m
Secondary vertical member : 3.75 m 0.16 m
diogonal member : 8.20124 m 0.25 m
Case 1. For Unloaded Bridge :
Intensity of wind pressure : 2.4 KN/m2
I.Exposed area per panel ( for top chord)
Member Windward Truss
Top Chord 2.707636 1.35
Vertical member 1.875 0.94
Diagonal member 2.05031 1.03
1 Gusset 1*1.5 1.5 0.75
Total 8.132946 4.07
Average Ht. Of Ground Level = 8 m
P = 82 Kg/m2 = 0.8 KN/m2 (As per Table 4 of IRC : 6:2000)
Total Exposed area = 8.13 + 4.07 = 12.20 m2
Leeward Truss
Wind force on top chord P1 : 12.20 * 2.4 / 6.6364 = 4.411845 KN/m
Governing wind force on top chord top chord P1 = 4.4118 KN/m being greater than 2.25 KN/m as
minimum as per cl- 212-6-IRC-6
II.Exposed area per panel ( for bottom chord)
Member Windward Truss Leeward Truss
Bottom chord 6.636 * 0.683 4.53 2.27
+ ST + Deck +
WC + Kerb
Vertical 1.88 0.94
Diagonal 2.05 1.03
Short vertical 0.00 0.00
Short diogonal 0.00 0.00
1 Gusset 1.50 0.75
Total 9.96 4.98
Total Exposed area = 9.96 + 4.98 = 14.94 m2
Wind force on bpttom chord P2 : 14.94 * 2.4 / 6.6364 = 5.401845 KN/m
Governing wind force on bottom chord P2 = 5.4018 KN/m being greater than 4.5 KN/m as
minimum as per cl- 212-6-IRC-6
Total wind force on the two truss : 4.41184 * 59.727 + 5.4018 * 73
= 657.842 KN
For loaded Bridge :
Length of live load : 18.84 m ( total length of train )
Height of live load : 3 m
Wind load per panel on top chord /m : 0.8 * 14.94 / 6.6364
= 1.80061 KN/m < 2.25 KN/m
Live load area per panel : 18.84 * 3 * 6.636 / 73
= 5.138182 m2
18.84m length of load train
3m height of load train
Total exposed area bottom chord : 14.94 + 5.1382 = 20.08 m2
wind load on bottom chord /m : 20.08 * 0.8 / 6.6364 = 2.420012 KN/m
< 4.5 KN/m
Governing wind pressure on bridge at loaded condition as follows
1. Wind force on unloaded at top chord : 2.25 KN/m
2. Wind force on loaded bottomchord : 4.5 KN/m
3. Wind force on moving load : 3 KN/m
Total wind load : 2.25 * 59.727 + 4.5 * 73 +
3 * 18.84
= 519.4064 KN
III. Overturning Effect :
Taking the worst case in loaded condition .
wind force on top chord P1: 2.25 KN/m
Wind load on moving load : 3 KN/m acting at a height of 1.5 m above deck
Overturning moment about the CG of the loaded truss
Moment : 2.25 * 7.5 + 1.733 * 18.84 * 3 / 73
= 18.22 KN-m/m
top
Overturning Effect on worst loaded case : 18.217 * 6.6364 / 5.104
= 23.686 KN on each panel point
= 23.686 / 6.6364
= 3.5691 KN/m
= 3.5691 / 14.1
= 0.2531 * 100
= 25.313 % of dead load
Overturning moment on in unloaded condition : 4.4118 * 7.5 = 33.089 KN-m/m
Overturning effect on panel point : = 33.089 * 6.6364 / 5.104
= 43.023 KN on each panel point
= 43.023 / 6.6364
= 6.4829 KN/m
= 6.4829 / 14.1
= 0.4598 * 100
LOAD ON MEMBER DUE TO SEISMIC :
For design of superstructure as per IS-1893 and IRC-6 . Seismic force shall be considered
only on 25% 0f LL + DL in transverse direction and only 50 % LL shall be considered for load analysis
during earthquake.
As per Ramchandra
Dead load of the bridge : 2058.6 KN
In critical condition for one train of Class B loading : 1 * 332
= 332 KN
Dead load on top chord / panel : 20.586 KN/panel
( Assuming Dead load of top chord be about 10 % of total weight of bridge )
DL + 0.25 LL on the bottom chord : 2058.6 - 20.586 * 10 +
0.25 * 332
= 1935.74 KN
Seismic force in Unloaded case :
On top chord : 0.12 * 20.586 = 2.4703 KN/panel
On bottom chord : 0.12 * 1935.7 = 232.29 KN
Load on bottom chord/panel : 232.289 / 11 = 21.117 KN/panel
Load on top chord per metre : 2.47032 / 6.64 = 0.3722 KN/m
Load on bottom chord per metre : 21.1172 / 6.64 = 3.182 KN/m
Overturning moment about cg of bottom chord member
Moment : 2.47032 * 7.5 + 21.117 * 1.733
= 18.5274 + 36.596
= 55.1234446 KN/panel
Overturning effect on panel point : 55.1234 / 5.104
= 10.8 KN
= 10.8 / 6.64
= 1.6274 KN/m
= 1.6274 / 14.10
= 0.11542 * 100.00
Load of 1 Train of Loading = 55.4 ton
Braking force = 0.2 * 55.4 + 0.1 * 55.4
= 16.62 ton
SUMMARY OF FORCES
Normal case Wind load case Seismic case Nature
Member Dead load Class A Pedestrian Snow Braking Total wind loadTotal seismic Total Governing
in tonne Load Load Load in ton in ton 1.15 % allow load 1.25%
L0L1 21.73 22.17 7.71 9.41 8.31 69.32 11.08 54.51 2.61 63.71 69.32 Tensile
L1L2 58.99 57.94 20.92 25.54 8.31 171.70 30.08 146.03 7.08 159.76 171.70 Tensile
L2L3 87.97 81.61 31.20 35.34 8.31 244.42 44.86 213.60 10.56 228.94 244.42 Tensile
L3L4 108.67 97.6 38.54 47.05 8.31 300.17 55.42 261.07 13.04 281.40 300.17 Tensile
L4L5 121.09 102.7 42.94 52.43 8.31 327.42 61.76 285.60 14.53 307.91 327.42 Tensile
L5L5 125.23 98.53 44.41 54.22 8.31 330.70 63.87 288.73 15.03 312.11 330.70 Tensile
U1U2 41.4 41.42 14.68 17.93 115.43 21.11 103.14 4.97 108.06 115.43 Comp
U2U3 74.52 71.4 26.43 32.27 204.61 38.01 182.91 8.94 191.98 204.61 Comp
U3U4 99.36 90.53 35.23 43.02 268.15 50.67 239.82 11.92 252.24 268.15 Comp
U4U5 115.92 101.7 41.11 50.19 308.96 59.12 276.42 13.91 291.18 308.96 Comp
U5U6 124.2 100.1 44.04 53.78 322.15 63.34 288.45 14.90 304.88 322.15 Comp
L0U1 53.72 52.97 19.05 23.26 149.00 27.40 133.16 6.45 139.60 149.00 Comp
U1L1 53.72 48.55 19.05 23.26 144.58 27.40 129.32 6.45 136.06 144.58 Tensile
L1U2 43.49 43.8 15.42 18.83 121.54 22.18 108.60 5.22 113.75 121.54 Comp
U2L2 38.37 40.43 13.61 16.61 109.02 19.57 97.37 4.60 101.79 109.02 Tensile
L2U3 33.25 35.67 11.79 14.40 95.11 16.96 84.93 3.99 88.71 95.11 Comp.
U3L3 28.14 32.27 9.98 12.18 82.57 14.35 73.69 3.38 76.74 82.57 Tensile
L3U4 23.03 27.88 8.17 9.97 69.05 11.75 61.58 2.76 63.98 69.05 Comp
U4L4 17.91 25.03 6.35 7.76 57.05 9.13 50.80 2.15 52.44 57.05 Tensile
L4U5 12.79 21.33 4.54 5.54 44.19 6.52 39.29 1.53 40.21 44.19 Comp.
U5L5 7.67 19.26 2.72 3.32 32.97 3.91 29.18 0.92 29.29 32.97 Tensile
L5U6 2.56 16.85 0.91 1.11 21.43 1.31 18.80 0.31 18.11 21.43 Comp.
U1M1 4.68 14.9 1.66 2.03 23.27 2.39 20.54 0.56 20.39 23.27 Tensile
U2M2 4.68 13.99 1.66 2.03 22.36 2.39 19.75 0.56 19.66 22.36 Tensile
U3M3 4.68 13.95 1.66 2.03 22.32 2.39 19.72 0.56 19.63 22.32 Tensile
U4M4 4.68 13.95 1.66 2.03 22.32 2.39 19.72 0.56 19.63 22.32 Tensile
U5M5 4.68 13.95 1.66 2.03 22.32 2.39 19.72 0.56 19.63 22.32 Tensile
U6M6 4.68 13.95 1.66 2.03 22.32 2.39 19.72 0.56 19.63 22.32 Tensile
DESIGN OF MEMBERS :
Design of Tensile members :
Member : L0L1
Force : 69.32 t ( tension )
A net reqd = 69.3247638 * 1000 / 1500 = 46.217 cm2
400
Provided area
Plate Width(cm) Thk Area Nos Total(cm2)
2 Plate 43 0.8 2 68.8
450 ISA 100 *100*8
ISA 100 *100*8 0.8 15.39 4 61.56 Plate 430 * 8
Total 130.36
Dia of bolt : 2.2 cm
Nos. of bolt in one rows : 5 nos
Deduction for hole : p
= 2 * 1.6 * 5 * 2.35 = 47.6 cm2 9.4
Net Area provided = 82.76 cm2 > 46.2165 cm2 OK
Design of Connection :
Total area of web = 43 * 0.8 * 2 + 10 * 0.8 * 4
= 100.8 cm2
Area of gusset and splice plate required = 100.8 * 1.05
= 105.84 cm2
Provide 12 mm gusset plate on each side
Area of gusset plate provided = 45 * 1.2 * 2
= 108 cm2
Area of flange = 10 * 0.8 * 4
= 32 cm2
Area of cover plates required = 32 * 1.05
= 33.6 cm2
Provide 400 * 8 mm thick cover plate at top and bottom
Area of cover plate provided = 40 * 0.8 * 2
= 64 cm2
Nos. of 22 dia HSFG Bolts required
In Web = 105.8 * 1500 / 5843
= 27.17
Provide 13.59 Nos. bolt on each face ( In Single Shear) 12.32244
6.79 Nos bolt on each face ( In double shear)
In flange = 33.6 * 1500 / 5843
= 8.626
Provide 4.313 on each face
Member : L1L2
Force = 171.7 ton
A net reqd = 171.7 * 1000 / 1500 = 114.47 cm2
Provided area 400
2 Plate 43 0.8 2 68.8
450 ISA 100 * 100*8
ISA 100 * 100*8 0.8 15.39 4 61.56 Plate
430 * 8
Total 130.36
=
Deduction for hole :
= 2 * 1.6 * 2 * 2.35
+ 3 * 1.8 * 2 * 2.35
= 50.42 cm2
Provide 2 No.extra plate 230 * 10 mm on inner face at joint location
Area of extra plate provided = 46 cm2
Area provided : 125.9 cm2 Hence OK
Total area of web = 43 * 0.8 * 2 + 10 * 0.8 * 4
= 96.38 cm2 + 23 * 1 * 2
= 101.199 cm2
Provide 12 mm gusset plate on each side
Area of gusset plate provided = 45 * 1.2 * 2 0
= 108 cm2
= 32 cm2
= 33.6 cm2
= 64 cm2
In Web = 101.2 * 1500 / 5843
= 25.98
Provide 12.9897741 Nos. bolt on each face ( In Single Shear)
In flange = 33.6 * 1500 / 5843
= 8.626
Member : L2L3
A net reqd = 244.422165 * 1000 / 1500 = 162.95 cm2
400
Provided area
PL 43 1.2 2 103.2
450 ISA 100*100*8
ISA 100*100*8 0.8 15.39 4 61.56 Plate 430 * 12
Total 164.76
= 2 * 2 * 2 * 2.35
+ 2 * 2.8 * 3 * 2.35
= 68.28 cm2
Area of extra plate provided = 73.6 cm2
at joint
Total area of web = 43 * 1.2 * 2 + 10 * 0.8 * 4
= 140.52 cm2 + 23 * 1.6 * 2
= 147.546 cm2
Provide 12 mm gusset plate on each side and 10 mm splice on outer side
Area of gusset plate provided = 45 * 1.2 * 2 + 43 * 1 * 2
= 194 cm2
= 32 cm2
= 33.6 cm2
= 64 cm2
In Web = 147.5 * 1500 / 5843
= 37.88
In flange = 33.6 * 1500 / 5843
= 8.626
Member : L3L4
A net reqd = 300.169571 * 1000 / 1500 = 200.11 cm2
400
Provided area
Plate Width(cm) Thk Nos Total(cm2)
PL 43 1.6 2 137.6
450 ISA 100*100*10
ISA 100*100*10 1 19.03 4 76.12 Plate 430*16
Total 213.72
=
= 2 * 2.6 * 2 * 2.35
+ 2 * 3.2 * 3 * 2.35
= 79.56 cm2
at joint
Total area of web = 43 * 1.6 * 2 + 10 * 1 * 4
= 171.64 cm2 + 23 * 1.6 * 2
= 180.222 cm2
Provide 12 mm gusset plate on each side and 10 mm splice plate on outer face.
= 194 cm2
Area of flange = 10 * 1 * 4
= 40 cm2
= 42 cm2
= 64 cm2
In Web = 180.2 * 1500 / 5843
= 46.27
In flange = 42 * 1500 / 5843
= 10.78
Member : L4L5, L5L5
A net reqd = 330.702391 * 1000 / 1500 = 220.47 cm2
400
Provided area
PL 43 2 2 172
450 ISA 100*100*10
ISA 100*100*10 1 19.03 4 76.12 Plate 430*20
Total 248.12
=
= 2 * 3 * 2 * 2.35
+ 2 * 2 * 3 * 2.35
= 66.4 cm2 \
Area of extra plate provided = 46 cm2
at joint
Total area of web = 43 * 2 * 2 + 10 * 1 * 4
= 258 cm2 + 46
Area of gusset and splice plate required = 258 * 1.05
= 270.9 cm2
Provide 16 mm gusset plate on each side and 430 * 16 mm splice plates on outer face.
Area of gusset plate provided = 45 * 1.6 * 2 + 43 * 1.6 * 2
= 281.6 cm2
Area of flange = 10 * 1 * 4
= 40 cm2
= 42 cm2
= 64 cm2
In Web = 270.9 * 1500 / 5843
= 69.54
In flange = 42 * 1500 / 5843
= 10.78
Member : L5L6
Force : #REF! t ( tension )
A net reqd = #REF! * 1000 / 1500 = #REF! cm2
Provided area 400
PL 43 2.8 2 240.8
ISA 100*100*10 1 19.03 4 76.12 450 ISA 100*100*10
Total 316.92 Plate 430*28
Dia of bolt : 2.2 cm =
= 2 * 3.8 * 3 * 2.35 = 53.58 cm2
Provide 2 No.extra plate 230 * 12 mm on inner face at joint location p\
at joint
TOP CHORD MEMBER
Member U1U2
Plate 340*8
Force 115.43 t ( compression ) 400
400 ISMC 400
Properties ISMC 400
Area 62.93 cm2
C.G. 2.83 cm
Ixx 15082.8 cm4
Iyy 504.8 cm4
Moment of inertia considered in X-X direction
Item Size Area (cm2) Yt(cm) A * Yt(cm3) A*Yt2(cm4) Ixo(cm4)
B(cm) t(cm) Area Nos
Top PL 34 0.8 1 27.2 0.400 10.88 4.352 2.8333
ISMC 400 62.93 2 125.86 20.8 2617.9 54452 30166
Total 153.06 2628.8 54456 30168
Ycg = 2628.768 / 153.06 = 17.175 cm
Ixx = 30168.4333 + 54456.4 - 153.06 * 17.175
* 17.175
= 39476.4094 cm4
r min = SQRT 39476.41 / 153.06
= SQRT 257.9146
16.0597199 cm
Moment of inertia considered in Y-Y direction
Top PL 34 0.8 1 27.2 20.000 544 10880 2620.3
ISMC 400 62.93 1 62.93 2.83 178.09 504 504.8
ISMC 400 62.93 1 62.93 37.17 2339.1 86945 504.8
Total 153.06 3061.2 98329 3629.9
Ycg = 3061.2 / 153.06 = 20 cm
Ixx = 3629.86667 + 98328.6 - 153.06 * 20
* 20
= 40734.5148 cm4
r min = SQRT 40734.51 / 153.06
= SQRT 266.1343
16.3136229 cm
S.R = 0.85 * 663.636 / 16.06 35.125 30 40
= 35.1245795 1419.3 1450 1390
Permissible stress : 1419.253 kg/cm2
Axial Stress : 115.4271 * 1000 / 153.06
= 754.1294 kg/cm2 < 1419.3 kg/cm2
Hence OK
Design of connection :
Total area of web = 40 * 0.84 * 2 + 10 * 0.8 * 0
= 67.2 cm2
= 70.56 cm2
Provide 12 mm gusset plate on each side and 420 * 0 mm splice plate on each face
= 96 cm2
Area of flange at top = 10 * 1.53 * 2 + 34 * 0.8 * 1
= 57.8 cm2
Area of cover plates required = 57.8 * 1.05
= 60.69 cm2
Provide 400 * 12 mm thick cover plate at top
= 48 cm2
Area of flange at bottom = 10 * 1.53 * 2
= 30.6 cm2
= 32.13 cm2
Provide 400 * 8 mm thick cover plate bottom
= 32 cm2
*
In Web = 70.56 * 1500 / 5843
= 18.11
In flange at top = 60.69 * 1500 / 5843
= 15.58
In flange at bottom = 32.13 * 1500 / 5843
= 8.25
TOP CHORD MEMBER
MEMBER U1U2, U2U3
Force 204.61 t ( compression )
Plate 340 * 8
400
Properties ISA 100*100*8 400 ISA 100*100*8
Area 15.39 cm2 Plate 380 * 8
C.G. 2.76 cm
I 145.1 cm4
=
Top PL 34 0.8 1 27.2 0.400 10.88 4.352 1.4507
ISA 100*100*8 15.39 2 30.78 3.56 109.58 390.09 290.2
ISA 100*100*8 15.39 2 30.78 38.04 1170.9 44540 290.2
2 Plate 38 0.8 2 60.8 20.8 1264.6 26305 7316.3
Total 149.56 2556 71239 7898.1
Ycg = 2555.968 / 149.56 = 17.09 cm
Ixx = 7898.11733 + 71238.9 - 149.56 * 17.09
* 17.09
= 35455.734 cm4
r min = SQRT 35455.73 / 149.56
= SQRT 237.067
15.3969788 cm
S.R = 0.85 * 663.636 / 15.397 36.636 30 40
= 36.6364672 1410.2 1450 1390
Axial Stress : 204.6127 * 1000 / 149.56
= 1368.098 kg/cm2 < 1410.2 kg/cm2
Hence OK
Total area of web = 38 * 0.8 * 2 + 10 * 0.8 * 4
= 92.8 cm2
= 97.44 cm2
Provide 16 mm gusset plate on each side and 420 * 0 mm splice plate on each face
= 128 cm2
= 43.2 cm2
= 45.36 cm2
= 48 cm2
*
= 16 cm2
= 16.8 cm2
= 32 cm2
In Web = 97.44 * 1500 / 5843
= 25.01
In flange at top = 45.36 * 1500 / 5843
= 11.64
= 4.31
MEMBER U3U4
Plate 340 * 8
400
Properties ISA 100*100*10
Area 19.03 cm2
C.G. 2.84 cm 400 ISA 100*100*10
I 177 cm4 Plate 380 * 12
Top PL 34 0.8 1 27.2 0.400 10.88 4.352 1.4507
ISA 100*100*10 19.03 2 38.06 3.64 138.54 504.28 354
ISA 100*100*10 19.03 2 38.06 37.96 1444.8 54843 354
2 Plate 38 1.2 2 91.2 20.8 1897 39457 10974
Total 194.52 3491.1 94808 11684
Ycg = 3491.136 / 194.52 = 17.947 cm
Ixx = 11683.8507 + 94808.4 - 194.52 * 17.947
* 17.947
= 43835.2956 cm4
r min = SQRT 43835.3 / 194.52
= SQRT 225.3511
15.0116987 cm
S.R = 0.85 * 663.636 / 15.012 37.577 30 40
= 37.576754 1404.5 1450 1390
Axial Stress : 268.1469 * 1000 / 194.52
= 1378.506 kg/cm2 < 1404.5 kg/cm2
Hence OK
Total area of web = 38 * 1.2 * 2 + 10 * 1 * 4
= 131.2 cm2
= 137.76 cm2
Provide 12 mm gusset plate on each side and 380 *8 mm splice plate on each face
Area of gusset plate provided = 40 * 1.2 * 2 + 38 * 0.8 * 2
= 156.8 cm2
Area of flange at top = 10 * 1 * 2 + 34 * 0.8 * 1
= 47.2 cm2
= 49.56 cm2
= 54 cm2
*
Area of flange at bottom = 10 * 1 * 2
= 20 cm2
= 21 cm2
= 32 cm2
In Web = 137.8 * 1500 / 5843
= 35.37
In flange at top = 49.56 * 1500 / 5843
= 12.72
In flange at bottom = 21 * 1500 / 5843
= 5.39
Member U4U5
Force 308.96 t ( compression ) Plate 340 * 8
400
400 ISA 100*100*10
Plate 380 * 16
Area 19.03 cm2
C.G. 2.84 cm
I 177 cm4
Top PL 34 0.8 1 27.2 0.400 10.88 4.352 2.8333
ISA 100*100*10 19.03 2 38.06 3.64 138.54 504.28 354
ISA 100*100*10 19.03 2 38.06 37.96 1444.8 54843 354
2 Plate 38 1.6 2 121.6 20.8 2529.3 52609 14633
Total 224.92 4123.5 107961 15343
Ycg = 4123.456 / 224.92 = 18.333 cm
Ixx = 15343.3667 + 107961 - 224.92 * 18.333
* 18.333
= 47708.7454 cm4
r min = SQRT 47708.75 / 224.92
= SQRT 212.1143
14.5641439 cm
S.R = 0.85 * 663.636 / 14.564 38.731 30 40
= 38.7314843 1397.6 1450 1390
Axial Stress : 308.9597 * 1000 / 224.92
= 1373.643 kg/cm2 < 1397.6 kg/cm2
Hence OK
Total area of web = 38 * 1.6 * 2 + 10 * 1 * 4
= 161.6 cm2
= 169.68 cm2
= 172 cm2
Area of flange at top = 10 * 1 * 2 + 34 * 0.8 * 1
= 47.2 cm2
= 49.56 cm2
= 48 cm2
*
Area of flange at bottom = 10 * 1 * 2
= 20 cm2
= 21 cm2
= 32 cm2
In Web = 169.7 * 1500 / 5843
= 43.56
In flange at top = 49.56 * 1500 / 5843
= 12.72
In flange at bottom = 21 * 1500 / 5843
= 5.391
Member U5U6
Plate 340*8
400
Properties ISA 100*100*8 400 ISA 100*100*8
Area 15.39 cm2 Plate 380*20
C.G. 2.76 cm
I 145.1 cm4
Top PL 34 0.8 1 27.2 0.400 10.88 4.352 2.8333
ISA 100*100*8 15.39 2 30.78 3.56 109.58 390.09 290.2
ISA 100*100*8 15.39 2 30.78 38.04 1170.9 44540 290.2
2 Plate 38 2 2 152 20.8 3161.6 65761 18291
Total 240.76 4452.9 110696 18874
Ycg = 4452.928 / 240.76 = 18.495 cm
Ixx = 18873.9 + 110696 - 240.76 * 18.495
* 18.495
= 47211.3345 cm4
r min = SQRT 47211.33 / 240.76
= SQRT 196.0929
14.0033186 cm
S.R = 0.85 * 663.636 / 14.003 40.283 40 50
= 40.282659 1388 1390 1320
Axial Stress : 322.1512 * 1000 / 240.76
= 1338.059 kg/cm2 < 1388 kg/cm2
Hence OK
Total area of web = 38 * 2 * 2 + 10 * 0.8 * 4
= 184 cm2
Area of gusset and splice plate required = 184 * 1.05
= 193.2 cm2
= 204 cm2
= 43.2 cm2
= 45.36 cm2
= 48 cm2
*
= 16 cm2
= 16.8 cm2
= 32 cm2
In Web = 193.2 * 1500 / 5843
= 49.6
In flange at top = 45.36 * 1500 / 5843
= 11.64
= 4.31
Diagonal Member :
Member L0U1
Force 149.00 + 22.215 ( Thrust at Portal Bracing )
= 171.215392 ( compression )
Plate 340 * 8
400
Area 15.39 cm2
C.G. 2.76 cm 400 ISA 100*100*8
I 145.1 cm4 Plate 380 * 8
Top PL 34 0.8 1 27.2 0.400 10.88 4.352 2.8333
ISA 100*100*8 15.39 2 30.78 3.56 109.58 390.09 290.2
ISA 100*100*8 15.39 2 30.78 38.04 1170.9 44540 290.2
2 Plate 38 0.8 30.4 2 60.8 20.8 1264.6 26305 7316.3
Total 149.56 2556 71239 7899.5
Ycg = 2555.968 / 149.56 = 17.09 cm
Ixx = 7899.5 + 71238.9 - 149.56 * 17.09
* 17.09
= 35457.1167 cm4
r min = SQRT 35457.12 / 149.56
= SQRT 237.0762
15.397279 cm
S.R = 0.85 * 820.124 / 15.397 45.275 60 70
= 45.2745815 1367.3 1220 1120
Axial Stress : 149.0004 * 1000 / 149.56
= 996.2584 kg/cm2 < 1367.3 kg/cm2
Hence OK
Nos. of 22 dia bolts reqd. = 171.22 * 1000 / 5843
= 29.3
Provide 14.7 Nos. On each side
Member : U1L1
A net reqd = 144.580405 * 1000 / 1500 = 96.387 cm2
Plate 290*12
Plate 376*10
Plate 290*12
Item Size Area (cm2) x(cm) A*x A*x2 Ixo(cm4)
2 plate 29 1.2 34.8 2 69.6 14.5 1009.2 14633 4877.8
Plate 37.6 1.2 45.12 1 45.12 14.5 654.24 9486.5 5.4144
Total 114.72 1663.4 24120 4883.2
Ycg = 1663.44 / 114.72 = 14.5 cm
Ixx = 4883.2144 + 24119.9 - 114.72 * 14.5
* 14.5
= 4883.2144 cm4
r min = SQRT 4883.214 / 114.72
= SQRT 42.56637
6.52429106 cm
S.R = 0.85 * 820.124 / 6.5243
= 106.84768 < 300 OK
Permissible stress : 1500 kg/cm2
= 4 * 1.2 * 2.35 * 2 = 22.56 cm2
=
Provide 4 Nos. 135 * 8 mm thick plate at joint
Extra Area provided = 4 * 13.5 * 0.8
= 43.2
Net area provided :157.9 - 22.56 = 135.36 cm2
Hence OK
= 24.74
Member : U2L2
A net reqd = 109.02 * 1000 / 1500 = 72.68 cm2
Plate 230*10
Plate 380*10
Plate 230*10
2 plate 23 1 23 2 46 11.5 529 6083.5 2027.8
Plate 38 1 38 1 38 11.5 437 5025.5 3.1667
Total 84 966 11109 2031
Ycg = 966 / 84 = 11.5 cm
Ixx = 2031 + 11109 - 84 * 11.5
* 11.5
= 2031 cm4
r min = SQRT 2031 / 84
= SQRT 24.17857
4.91717108 cm
S.R = 0.85 * 820.124 / 4.9172
= 141.769597 < 300 OK
= 2 * 1 * 2.35 * 2 = 9.4 cm2
=
Net area provided : 84 - 9.4 = 74.6 cm2
OK
= 18.66
Member : U3L3
A net reqd = 82.5733434 * 1000 / 1500 = 55.049 cm2
Plate 200*8
Plate 384*8
Plate 200*8
2 plate 20 0.8 16 2 32 10 320 3200 1066.7
Plate 38.4 0.8 30.72 1 30.72 10 307.2 3072 1.6384
Total 62.72 627.2 6272 1068.3
Ycg = 627.2 / 62.72 = 10 cm
Ixx = 1068.30507 + 6272 - 62.72 * 10
* 10
= 1068.30507 cm4
r min = SQRT 1068.305 / 62.72
= SQRT 17.03293
4.12709646 cm
S.R = 0.85 * 820.124 / 4.1271
= 168.909395 < 300 OK
= 2 * 0.8 * 2.35 * 2 = 7.52 cm2
=
OK
= 14.13
Member : U4L4,U5 L5,
A net reqd = 57.0460938 * 1000 / 1500 = 38.031 cm2
Plate 180*8
Plate 384*8
Plate 180*8
2 plate 18 0.8 14.4 2 28.8 9 259.2 2332.8 777.6
Plate 38.4 0.8 30.72 1 30.72 9 276.48 2488.3 1.6384
Total 59.52 535.68 4821.1 779.24
Ycg = 535.68 / 59.52 = 9 cm
Ixx = 779.2384 + 4821.12 - 59.52 * 9
* 9
= 779.2384 cm4
r min = SQRT 779.2384 / 59.52
= SQRT 13.09204
3.61829283 cm
S.R = 0.85 * 820.124 / 3.6183
= 192.6614 < 300 OK
= 2 * 0.8 * 2.35 * 2 = 7.52 cm2
=
Net area provided :59.52 - 7.52 = 52 cm2
OK
= 9.763
450
Provided area
PL 43 1.2 2 103.2
450 PL 430 * 12.0
4ISA100*100*10 19.03 4 76.12
Total 179.32
=
4ISA100*100*10
Dia of bolt : #REF! cm
= #REF! * 1.2 * 4 * 2 = #REF! cm2
=
Net area provided :179.3 - #REF! = #REF! cm2
#REF!
Member : U2L2
A net reqd = 109.020593 * 1000 / 1500 = 72.68 cm2
210
400
Area 15.39 cm2
C.G. 2.76 cm
I 145.1 cm4
ISA 100*100*8
ISA 100*100*8 10 1 15.39 2 30.78 7.24 222.85 1613.4 290.2
ISA 100*100*8 10 1 15.39 2 30.78 13.76 423.53 5827.8 290.2
Plate 38 0 0 1 0 10 0 0 0
Total 61.56 646.38 7441.2 580.4
Ycg = 646.38 / 61.56 = 10.5 cm
Ixx = 580.4 + 7441.23 - 61.56 * 10.5
* 10.5
= 1234.63506 cm4
r min = SQRT 1234.635 / 61.56
= SQRT 20.0558
4.47837025 cm
S.R = 0.85 * 820.124 / 4.4784
= 155.660502 < 300 OK
= 2 * 1 * 2.35 * 2 = 9.4 cm2
=
Hence OK
= 18.66
450
Provided area
PL 43 0.8 2 68.8
450 PL 430 * 8.0
4ISA100*100*10 19.03 4 76.12
Total 144.92
=
4ISA100*100*10
= #REF! * 0.8 * 4 * 2 = #REF! cm2
=
#REF!
Member : U2L2
A net reqd = 109.020593 * 1000 / 1500 = 72.68 cm2
208
400
Area 19.03 cm2
C.G. 2.84 cm
I 176 cm4
ISA 100*100*10
ISA 100*100*10 10 1 19.03 2 38.06 7.16 272.51 1951.2 352
ISA 100*100*10 10 1 19.03 2 38.06 13.64 519.14 7081 352
Plate 38 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0
Total 76.12 791.65 9032.2 704
Ycg = 791.648 / 76.12 = 10.4 cm
Ixx = 704 + 9032.22 - 76.12 * 10.4
* 10.4
= 1503.07731 cm4
r min = SQRT 1503.077 / 76.12
= SQRT 19.74615
4.44366458 cm
S.R = 0.85 * 820.124 / 4.4437
= 156.876234 < 300 OK
= 2 * 1 * 2.35 * 2 = 9.4 cm2
=
Hence OK
= 18.66
210
Provided area
Pl. 380 * 8 38 0.8 30.4 1 24.32
400 Plate 380 * 8.0
4ISA100*100*8 10 1 15.32 4 61.28
Total 85.6
=
4ISA100*100*8
= 2 * 1 * 2.35 * 2 = 9.4 cm2
=
Net area provided : 85.6 - 9.4 = 76.2 cm2
Hence OK
450
Provided area
PL 43 0.8 2 68.8
450 PL 430 * 8.0
4ISA75*75*8 11.38 4 45.52
Total 114.32
=
4ISA75*75*8
= #REF! * 0.8 * 4 * 2 = #REF! cm2
=
#REF!
Member : U3L3
A net reqd = 82.5733434 * 1000 / 1500 = 55.049 cm2
208
400
Area 15.39 cm2
C.G. 2.76 cm
I 145.1 cm4
ISA 100*100*8
ISA 100*100*8 10 0.8 15.39 2 30.78 7.24 222.85 1613.4 290.2
ISA 100*100*8 10 0.8 15.39 2 30.78 13.56 417.38 5659.6 290.2
Plate 38 0 0 1 0 10 0 0 0
Total 61.56 640.22 7273 580.4
Ycg = 640.224 / 61.56 = 10.4 cm
Ixx = 580.4 + 7273.04 - 61.56 * 10.4
* 10.4
= 1195.11354 cm4
r min = SQRT 1195.114 / 61.56
= SQRT 19.4138
4.40610941 cm
S.R = 0.85 * 820.124 / 4.4061
= 158.213358 < 300 OK
= 2 * 0.8 * 2.35 * 2 = 7.52 cm2
=
Hence OK
= 14.13
210
Provided area
400
4ISA 100*100*8 10 0.8 15.39 4 61.56
Total 61.56
=
4ISA 100*100*8
= 2 * 0.8 * 2.35 * 2 = 7.52 cm2
=
Revise
210
Provided area
450
4ISA100*100*10 10 1 19.03 4 76.12
Total 76.12
=
4ISA100*100*10
= #REF! * 0.1 * 2 * 2 = #REF! cm2
=
#REF!
Member : U4L4 , U5L5
A net reqd = 57.0460938 * 1000 / 1500 = 38.031 cm2
160
400
Area 11.38 cm2
C.G. 2.14 cm
I 59 cm4
ISA 75*75*8
ISA 75*75*8 7.5 0.8 11.38 2 22.76 5.36 121.99 653.89 118
ISA 75*75*8 7.5 0.8 11.38 2 22.76 10.64 242.17 2576.7 118
Plate 38 0 0 1 0 7.5 0 0 0
Total 45.52 364.16 3230.5 236
Ycg = 364.16 / 45.52 = 8 cm
Ixx = 236 + 3230.54 - 45.52 * 8
* 8
= 553.256192 cm4
r min = SQRT 553.2562 / 45.52
= SQRT 12.15413
3.486278 cm
S.R = 0.85 * 820.124 / 3.4863
= 199.956907 < 300 OK
= 2 * 0.8 * 2.35 * 2 = 7.52 cm2
=
Net area provided :45.52 - 7.52 = 38 cm2
Hence OK
= 9.763
Member L1U2
Force 121.54 (Comp.)
400
Area 15.39 cm2
C.G. 2.76 cm 270 ISA 100*100*8
I 145.1 cm4 Plate 250 * 10
Top PL 34 0 1 0 0.000 0 0 2.8333
ISA 100*100*8 15.39 2 30.78 2.76 84.953 234.47 290.2
ISA 100*100*8 15.39 2 30.78 24.24 746.11 18086 290.2
2 Plate 25 1 25 2 50 13.5 675 9112.5 2604.2
Total 111.56 1506.1 27433 3187.4
Ycg = 1506.06 / 111.56 = 13.5 cm
Ixx = 3187.4 + 27432.6 - 111.56 * 13.5
* 13.5
= 10288.1983 cm4
r min = SQRT 10288.2 / 111.56
= SQRT 92.22121
9.60318752 cm
S.R = 0.85 * 820.124 / 9.6032 72.591 60 70
= 72.5910394 1094.1 1220 1120
Axial Stress : 121.5432 * 1000 / 111.56
= 1089.487 kg/cm2 < 1094.1 kg/cm2
Hence OK
= 20.8
160
Provided area
400
4ISA75*75*8 7.5 0.8 11.38 4 45.52
Total 45.52
=
4ISA75*75*8
= 2 * 0.8 * 2.15 * 2 = 6.88 cm2
=
Hence OK
Member L2U3, L3U4
Force 95.11 t ( Comp.)
400
300
Properties ISMC 300
Area 45.64 cm2
C.G. 2.36 cm
Ixx 6362.6 cm4
Iyy 310.8 cm4 ISMC 300
Calculations for Moment Of Inertia about yy axis:
Item Size Area (cm2) Yt(cm) A * Yt(cm3) A*Yt2(cm4) Iyo(cm4)
ISMC 300 30 0.76 45.64 1 45.64 2.36 107.71 254.2 310.8
ISMC 300 30 0.76 45.64 1 45.64 37.64 1717.9 64661 310.8
Total 91.28 1825.6 64916 621.6
Ycg = 1825.6 / 91.28 = 20 cm
Iyy 621.6 + 64915.6 - 91.28 * 20
* 20
= 29025.1611 cm4
r min = SQRT 29025.16 / 91.28
= SQRT 317.9794
17.8319773 cm
Calculations for Moment Of Inertia about xx axis:
ISMC 300 40 0.76 45.64 2 91.28 15 1369.2 20538 12725
Total 91.28 1369.2 20538 12725
Ycg = 1369.2 / 91.28 = 15 cm
Ixx 12725.2 + 20538 - 91.28 * 15
* 15
= 12725.2 cm4
r min = SQRT 12725.2 / 91.28
= SQRT 139.4084
11.807134 cm
Slenderness ratio = 0.85 * 820.124 / 11.807 59.04 70 80
= 59.04 1240.5 1120 1010
Permissible stress : = 1240.549 kg/cm2
Axial Stress : 95.10803 * 1000 / 91.28
= 1041.937 kg/cm2 < 1240.5 kg/cm2
Hence OK
= 16.28
Member L4U5, L5U6
Force = 44.19 ( Comp.)
400
200
Properties ISMC 200
Area 28.21 cm2
C.G. 2.17 cm
Ixx 1819.3 cm4
Iyy 140.4 cm4 ISMC 200
ISMC 200 20 0.61 28.21 1 28.21 2.17 61.216 132.84 140.4
ISMC 200 20 0.61 28.21 1 28.21 37.83 1067.2 40372 140.4
Total 56.42 1128.4 40504 280.8
Ycg = 1128.4 / 56.42 = 20 cm
Iyy 280.8 + 40504.4 - 56.42 * 20
* 20
= 18217.2201 cm4
r min = SQRT 18217.22 / 56.42
= SQRT 322.8859
17.969025 cm
ISMC 200 20 0.61 28.21 2 56.42 10 564.2 5642 3638.6
Total 56.42 564.2 5642 3638.6
Ycg = 564.2 / 56.42 = 10 cm
Ixx 3638.6 + 5642 - 56.42 * 10
* 10
= 3638.6 cm4
r min = SQRT 3638.6 / 56.42
= SQRT 64.49132
8.03064849 cm
= 86.81 951.94 1220 1120
Axial Stress : 44.19 * 1000 / 56.42
= 783.2955 kg/cm2 < 951.94 kg/cm2
Hence OK
= 7.56
Member U4L4
400
250
Properties ISMC 250
Area 38.67 cm2
C.G. 2.3 cm
Ixx 3816.8 cm4
Iyy 219.1 ISMC 250
ISMC 250 25 0.71 38.67 1 38.67 2.3 88.941 204.56 219.1
ISMC 250 25 0.71 38.67 1 38.67 37.7 1457.9 54961 219.1
Total 77.34 1546.8 55166 438.2
Ycg = 1546.8 / 77.34 = 20 cm
Iyy 438.2 + 55165.8 - 77.34 * 20
* 20
= 24668.0486 cm4
r min = SQRT 24668.05 / 77.34
= SQRT 318.9559
17.8593362 cm
ISMC 250 25 0.71 38.67 2 77.34 12.5 966.75 12084 7633.6
Total 77.34 966.75 12084 7633.6
Ycg = 966.75 / 77.34 = 12.5 cm
Ixx 7633.6 + 12084.4 - 77.34 * 12.5
* 12.5
= 7633.6 cm4
r min = SQRT 7633.6 / 77.34
= SQRT 98.70184
9.93487977 cm
= 70.17 1118.2 1120 1010
Axial Stress : 22.32 * 1000 / 77.34
= 288.5443 kg/cm2 < 1118.2 kg/cm2
Hence OK
Member U5L5, U6L6
400
200
Properties ISMC 200
Area 28.21 cm2
C.G. 2.17 cm
Ixx 1819.3 cm4
Iyy 140.4 ISMC 200
ISMC 200 20 0.61 28.21 1 28.21 2.17 61.216 132.84 140.4
ISMC 200 20 0.61 28.21 1 28.21 37.83 1067.2 40372 140.4
Total 56.42 1128.4 40504 280.8
Ycg = 1128.4 / 56.42 = 20 cm
Iyy 280.8 + 40504.4 - 56.42 * 20
* 20
= 18217.2201 cm4
r min = SQRT 18217.22 / 56.42
= SQRT 322.8859
17.969025 cm
ISMC 200 20 0.61 28.21 2 56.42 10 564.2 5642 3638.6
Total 56.42 564.2 5642 3638.6
Ycg = 564.2 / 56.42 = 10 cm
Ixx 3638.6 +E1746 5642 - 56.42 * 10
* 10
= 3638.6 cm4
r min = SQRT 3638.6 / 56.42
= SQRT 64.49132
8.03064849 cm
= 86.81 931.94 900 800
Axial Stress : 22.32 * 1000 / 56.42
= 395.5338 kg/cm2 < 931.94 kg/cm2
Hence OK
400
Area 11.38 cm2
C.G. 2.14 cm 450 PL 430 * 8
I 59 cm4
ISA 75*75*8
ISA 75*75*8 11.38 2 22.76 2.14 48.706 104.23 118
ISA 75*75*8 11.38 2 22.76 42.86 975.49 41810 118
PL 43 0.8 1 34.4 22.5 774 17415 5300.5
PL 43 0.8 1 34.4 22.5 774 17415 5300.5
Total 114.32 2572.2 76744 10837
Ycg = 2572.2 / 114.32 = 22.5 cm
Ixx = 10836.9333 + 76743.9 - 114.32 * 22.5
* 22.5
= 29706.3207 cm4
r min = SQRT 29706.32 / 114.32
= SQRT 259.8524
16.1199364 cm
S.R = 0.87 * 750 / 16.12 40.478 20 30
= 40.4778271 1418.6 1480 1450
Flexural Stress : 95.10803 * 1000 / 114.32
= 831.9457 kg/cm2 < 1418.6 kg/cm2
Hence OK
Member U1M1, U2M2, U3M3 , U4M4, U5M5, U6M6
Force 23.27 t ( Tension)
160
0
Properties ISA 75*75 8
Area 11.38 cm2
C.G. 2.14 cm
I 59 cm4
ISA 75*75 8
ISA 75*75 8 7.5 0.8 11.38 2 22.76 5.36 121.99 653.89 118
ISA 75*75 8 7.5 0.8 11.38 2 22.76 10.64 242.17 2576.7 118
Plate 38 0 0 1 0 7.5 0 0 0
Total 45.52 364.16 3230.5 236
Ycg = 364.16 / 45.52 = 8 cm
Ixx = 236 + 3230.54 - 45.52 * 8
* 8
= 553.256192 cm4
r min = SQRT 553.2562 / 45.52
= SQRT 12.15413
3.486278 cm
S.R = 0.85 * 750 / 3.4863 182.86 90 100
= 182.859772 -28.6 900 800
Axial Stress : 23.26601 * 1000 / 45.52
= 511.1163 kg/cm2 < 1500 kg/cm2
Hence OK
= 3.98
400
Area 11.38 cm2
C.G. 2.14 cm 450 PL 430 * 8
I 59 cm4
ISA 75*75*8
ISA 75*75*8 11.38 2 22.76 2.14 48.706 104.23 118
ISA 75*75*8 11.38 2 22.76 42.86 975.49 41810 118
PL 43 0.8 1 34.4 22.5 774 17415 5300.5
PL 43 0.8 1 34.4 22.5 774 17415 5300.5
Total 114.32 2572.2 76744 10837
Ycg = 2572.2 / 114.32 = 22.5 cm
Ixx = 10836.9333 + 76743.9 - 114.32 * 22.5
* 22.5
= 29706.3207 cm4
r min = SQRT 29706.32 / 114.32
= SQRT 259.8524
16.1199364 cm
S.R = 0.87 * 750 / 16.12 40.478 20 30
= 40.4778271 1418.6 1480 1450
Flexural Stress : 23.26601 * 1000 / 114.32
= 203.5166 kg/cm2 < 1418.6 kg/cm2
Hence OK
Member U4M4
Force 22.3160145 t
210
400
Area 19.03 cm2
C.G. 2.84 cm
I 177 cm4
ISA 100*100*10
ISA 100*100*10 10 1 19.03 2 38.06 7.16 272.51 1951.2 354
ISA 100*100*10 10 1 19.03 2 38.06 13.84 526.75 7290.2 354
Total 76.12 799.26 9241.4 708
Ycg = 799.26 / 76.12 = 10.5 cm
Ixx = 708 + 9241.39 - 76.12 * 10.5
* 10.5
= 1557.16427 cm4
r min = SQRT 1557.164 / 76.12
= SQRT 20.4567
4.52290875 cm
S.R = 0.87 * 750 / 4.5229 144.27 60 70
= 144.265568 377.34 1220 1120
Flexural Stress : 22.31601 * 1000 / 76.12
= 293.1689 kg/cm2 < 377.34 kg/cm2
Hence OK
Member U4L4, U5L5, U6L6 ( compression )
Force 22.3160145 t
270
400
Properties ISA 130*130* 8
Area 20.22 cm2
C.G. 3.5 cm
I 328.3 cm4
ISA 130*130* 8
ISA 130*130* 8 13 0.8 20.22 2 40.44 9.5 384.18 3649.7 656.6
ISA 130*130* 8 13 0.8 20.22 2 40.44 17.5 707.7 12385 656.6
Total 80.88 1091.9 16034 1313.2
Ycg = 1091.88 / 80.88 = 13.5 cm
Ixx = 1313.2 + 16034.5 - 80.88 * 13.5
* 13.5
= 2607.28 cm4
r min = SQRT 2607.28 / 80.88
= SQRT 32.2364
5.67771077 cm
S.R = 0.85 * 650 / 5.6777 97.31 90 100
= 97.3103461 826.9 900 800
Axial Stress : 22.31601 * 1000 / 80.88
= 275.9151 kg/cm2 < 826.9 kg/cm2
Hence OK
Member Short Diagonals ( compression )
Force 0.00 t
210
400
Area 11.28 cm2
C.G. 2.14 cm
I 59 cm4
ISA 75*75*8
ISA 75*75*8 10 0.8 11.28 2 22.56 7.86 177.32 1393.7 118
ISA 75*75*8 10 0.8 11.28 2 22.56 13.14 296.44 3895.2 118
Total 45.12 473.76 5288.9 236
Ycg = 473.76 / 45.12 = 10.5 cm
Ixx = 236 + 5288.95 - 45.12 * 10.5
* 10.5
= 550.468352 cm4
r min = SQRT 550.4684 / 45.12
= SQRT 12.2001
3.49286365 cm
S.R = 0.85 * 410.062 / 3.4929 99.79 100 110
= 99.7899481 801.68 800 720
Axial Stress : 0 * 1000 / 45.12
= 0 kg/cm2 < 801.68 kg/cm2
Hence OK
= 0
Provide 0 Nos. On each side
DESIGN OF WIND BRACING :
Depth of top chord member : 0.4 m
Depth of bottom chord member : 0.45 m
Depth of diagonal member : 0.4 m
Depth of vertical member : 0.3 m
Width of top chord member : 0.4 m
width of bottom chord member : 0.4 m
Width of diagonal member : 0.4 m
Width of vertical member : 0.4 m
Total length of top chord : 66.36 m
Total length of bottom chord : 73 m
Total length of diagonal member: 180.43 m
Total length of vertical member : 82.5 m
Total nos. of top joint : 11 nos
Total nos.of bottom joint : 23 nos
Total nos. of middle joint : 0 nos
Gusset area in one joint : 1 m2
Wind pressure(when unloaded) : 2.4 KN/m2
Wind pressure(when loaded) : 1.5 KN/m2
Total length of end portal : 10.208 m
Width of bridge : 5.104 m
Distance between bearing level
to CL of bottom chord : 0.225 m
Distance between bearing level
to CL of top chord : 7.725 m
S. L. Nos. Details of exposed Depth width Face Total length / Area
area in m in m in m in m in m2
1 Top Chord 0.4 0.4 0.4 66.36
2 Bottom chord 0.45 0.4 0.45 73.00
3 Diagonal member 0.4 0.4 0.4 180.43
4 Vertical member 0.3 0.4 0.3 82.50
5 End post 0.2 0.3 0.2 10.21
6 Top gusset 11
7 Bottom gusset 23
8 Middle gusset 0
Wind load on windward girder is as follows :
SL. Nos. Elements Depth Length Area Pressure Load
in m in m in m2 in KN/m2 KN
1 Top Chord 0.4 66.36 2.4 63.71
2 Bottom chord 0.45 73.00 2.4 78.84
3 Diagonal member 0.4 180.43 2.4 173.21
4 Vertical member 0.3 82.50 2.4 59.40
5 End post 0.2 10.21 2.4 4.90
6 Top gusset 11 2.4 26.40
7 Bottom gusset 23 2.4 55.20
8 Middle gusset 0 2.4 0.00
Wind load on leeward girder is as follows :
As per Clause. 212.2 of IRC :6 for Leeward truss only 50 % area is considered for wind load forces . But some author take this as 75 %.
As per Clause 4.12 of Design of Steel structures Vol. -II the wind load on Leewaard truss is considered as 75 %. So, for design purposes
we take the area as 75 % on conservative side.
SL. Nos. Elements Depth Length Area Pressure Load
in m in m in m2 in KN/m2 KN
1 Top Chord 0.4 66.36 1.8 47.781818
2 Bottom chord 0.45 73.00 1.8 59.13
3 Diagonal member 0.4 180.43 1.8 129.90763
4 Vertical member 0.3 82.50 1.8 44.55
5 End post 0.2 10.21 1.8 3.67488
6 Top gusset 11 1.8 19.8
7 Bottom gusset 23 1.8 41.4
8 Middle gusset 0 1.8 0
Wind load acting on top chord member(p1) : (windward and leeward)
= wind load on top chord + 0.5 * vertical + 0.5 * diagonal + end post
+ top gusset + 0.5 * middle gusset
= 111.49 + 51.975 + 151.56 + 8.57
+ 46.20 + 0
= 369.80 KN
Wind load acting on bottom chord member(p2) : (windward and leeward)
= wind load on bottom chord + 0.5 * vertical + 0.5 * diagonal + end post
+ bottom gusset + middle gusset
= 137.97 + 51.975 + 151.5589 + 8.57472
+ 96.6 + 0
= 446.67863 KN
Overturning effect of wind when bridge is unloaded :
7.5 m
0.225 m
5.104
2R * 5.104 = P 1 * 7.725 + P 2 * 0.225
= 2856.70 + 100.50
2 R = 2957.20 / 5.104
= 579.39 KN
2. When bridge is loaded : 279.17
Wind pressure on top chord member :
P1 = 369.80 * 1.5 / 2.4
= 231.12 KN
Wind pressure on bottom chord member :
P 2 = 446.68 * 1.5 / 2.4
= 279.17 KN
Wind load on moving train
P3 : 18.8 * 1 * 3
= 56.4 KN
2R 2R
P1
P2
Level of bearing
Wind load is acted on moving load at 1.5m above the road surface. Distance between
road surface and bearing level is 0.80m 0.8
Moving load act on : 2.3 m
2. Overturning effect on bridge when bridge is loaded.
1.5 7.5 m
0.225 m
5.104
2R * 5.104 = P1 * 7.725 + P2 * 0.225
+ P3 * 2.3
2R * 5.104 = 2856.70 + 100.50 + 56.4
* 2.3
= 3086.92
2R = 3087 / 5.104
= 605 KN
2R 2R
P1
P2
Level of bearing
P3
Due to overturning a thrust 604.80 KN acts down ward on leeward girder.
Wind load on Top chord Member : 369.80 KN
Wind load per metre : = 369.80 / 66.36 = 5.57 KN/m
Wind Load per panel = 5.57 * 6.64 = 36.98 KN/m
18.49 36.98 36.98 36.98 36.98 36.98 36.98 36.98 36.98 36.98 18.49
U1` U2 U3 U4 U5 U6 U5 U4 U3 U2 U1
5.104
6.64 6.64 6.64 6.64 6.64 6.64 6.64 6.64 6.64 6.64
184.90 184.90
Shear due to wind : 166.41 KN
Shear due to Top Chord : 2.50 * 1154.27 * 2 = 57.714 KN
100
Total Shear on Top Lateral Bracing : 166.41 + 57.71353 = 224.12 KN (Compression)
Length of Diagonal Member : 6.63636 ^ 2 + 5.104 ^ 2 = 8.372105 m
Load on Diagonal Member : 224.12 * Cosce q * 0.5
: 224.12 * 8.37 * 05 = 183.81504 KN (Tension)
5.104
Lateral Bracing :
Force : 224.12 KN (Compression)
Effective length : 0.85 * 5.104 = 4.3384 m
Max. allowable slenderness ratio : 140 (Compression member)
Section use shown in the figure
Properties ISA 130 * 130 *8
Width of flange 13 cm
Area 20.22 cm2 ISA 130 * 130 *8
M.I. 328.3 cm4
Nos. ISA 2
Thickness 0.8 cm
Depth 13 cm
Item size(cm) Area (cm) Yt(cm) A * Yt(cm3)A*Yt2(cm4) Ixo(cm4)
B(cm) t(cm)
ISA 130 * 130 *8 13 0.8 40.44 3.5 141.54 495.39 656.6
Total 40.44 141.54 495.39 656.6
Ixx : 656.6 cm4
r min = 4.0294416 cm
S.R = 0.85 * 510.4 / 4.029442
= 107.67 < 140
Permissible stress : 70.40 N/mm2 107.67 130 140
70.40 57 51
Load carrying capacity of member :
= 70.40 * 40.44 * 100 / 1000
= 284.70 KN > 224.12 KN
O.K.
We are providing 12 mm gusset to connect Bracing with Top chord member
Nos. of Bolt Calculation :
Bolt value = 5843.57143 ton
Nos of bolt reqd. 22412.3317 *1.05 / 5843.57
= 4.02715164
Diagonal Bracing :
Force : 190.06 KN (Compression)
Effective length : 0.85 * 8.3721 = 7.1162891 m
Max. allowable slenderness ratio : 140 (Compression member)
Properties ISA 150 * 150 *12
Width of flange 15 cm
Area 34.59 cm2 ISA 150 * 150 *12
M.I. 735.4 cm4
Nos. ISA 1
Thickness 1.2 cm
Depth 15 cm
Item size(cm) Area (cm) Yt(cm) A * Yt(cm3)A*Yt2(cm4) Ixo(cm4)
B(cm) t(cm)
ISA 150 * 150 *12 15 1.2 34.59 3.5 121.065 423.7275 735.4
Total 34.59 121.065 423.7275 735.4
Ixx : 735.4 cm4
r min = 3.07 cm
S.R = 0.85 * 418.6052386 / 3.07
= 115.90 < 140
Permissible stress : 66.87 N/mm2 115.90 120 130
66.87 64 57
= 66.87 * 30.78 * 100 / 1000
= 205.82 KN > 190.06 KN
O.K.
We are providing 12 mm gusset to connect Bracing with Top chord member
Nos. of Bolt Calculation :
Bolt value = 5843.57143 ton
Nos of bolt reqd. 19006.2 *1.05 / 5843.57
= 3.41512211
Prtovide 4 nos bolt on each side
Connection between gusset and Top chord member
Contact width of gusset with member : 40 cm
Strenght of gusset plate : 40 * 1.2 * 1500
= 72000 kg
Bolt value : 5843.57143 kg
No.of rivet reqd : 72000 / 5843.57
= 12.32
Provided 13 nos rivet
Design of Portal Bracing : 1
2
222.15 KN 5.104 1
I J 1 m
G 2 1 H
3.601
8.20 m
3.601
Step 1. Reaction
Additional lateral load on portal 1.25 % of two end top chord
= 2 * 0.0125 * 149.00 = 3.7250101 t
Total Horizontal force = 184.90 + 37.2501 = 222.15 KN
510.95
Horizontal reaction in the end at the point of contraflexures
= 222.15 / 2
= 111.07 KN
= 11.107 t
Reaction R due to overturning effect = 222.15 * 4.601 / 5.104
= 200.24 KN
Hence Force in Member HE = 200.24 ( Comp.)
Force in Member BG = 200.24 ( Tensile )
Force in Member HD is found by passing section 1-1 taking moments about H
V1 * 3.601 - JD * 1.00 = 0
JD = 111.07 * 3.6006 / 1.00
A F
B
C
E
D
V1
V2
= 399.94 KN ( Tensile )
Similarly passing section 2-2 and taking moment about G
V2 * 3.6006198 + 222.15 * 1.00 - CI * 1 = 0
CI * 1.000 = 111.0749 * 3.60 + 222.15 * 1.00
CI = 622.08848 KN ( Comp. )
Force in Member IJ is found by equating the force of left half of the portal bracing to zero
IJ = 222.15 - 111.07
= 111.07 KN ( Comp.)
For finding the force in HJ take moments about D
111.075 * 4.60 - HJ * SIN 45 * 1
HJ * SIN 45 * 1.00 = 511.01
HJ = 722.68096 KN ( Comp.)
Similarly GI = 722.68096 KN ( Tensile)
HD = 722.68096 * COS 45 - 200.24
= 511.01167 - 200.24
= 310.77 KN ( Tensile)
Similarly GC = 310.77 KN ( Comp.)
We are using same section for portal bracing and knee bracing
Max. Force = 722.68096 KN ( Comp. )
300
200 s
ISMC 200
Item size(cm) Area (cm) Yt(cm) A * Yt(cm3)A*Yt2(cm4) Ixo(cm4) nos
B(cm) t(cm)
ISMC 200 8 1.24 56.42 10 564.2 5642.0 3638.6 2
Total 56.42 564.2 5642 3638.60
Ycg = 10.00 cm
Ixx = 5642 + 3638.60 - 56.42 x 10.0 x 10.0
= 3638.6 cm^4
r min = 8.031 cm
S.R = 0.85 * 510.4 / 8.030648
= 54.02 < 140
Permissible stress : 1279.77 Kg/cm2 54.02 50 60
1279.8 1320 1220
= 1279.8 * 56.42 / 100
= 722.05 KN > 722.68 KN
O.K.
We are provided 8 mm gusset to connect Bracing with Top chord member
Bolt value = 5843.57 kg
Nos of bolts for member = 72268.09557 x 1.05 = 12.985466 nos
5843.57
= 6.4927332 Nos. on each side
Design of Portal Bracing :
184.90 KN 5.104
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
Step 1. Reaction
Horizental reaction in the end at the point of contraflexures
= 184.900 / 2
= 92.450 KN
= 9.245 t
Additional lateral load on portal 2.50 % of two end top chord
= 2 * 0.0250 * 149.0004 = 7.4500203 t
Total load on portal = 9.245 + 7.45 = 16.70 t(compression)
Section used as shown in the figure
Properties of ISMC 150 nos 2
a 20.22 cm2
h 15 cm2
b 13 cm
A F
B
C
E
D
V1
V2
tf 1.25 cm
tw 0.54 cm
Cyy 2.22 cm
Ixx 328.3 cm4
Iyy 102.3 cm4
150
400
Item size(cm) Area (cm) Yt(cm) A * Yt A * Yt2 Ixx
B(cm) t(cm) cm3 cm4 cm4
2ISMC150 13 0.54 40.44 7.5 303.3 2274.75 656.6
Total 13 40.44 303.3 2274.75 656.6
ISMC300
Ycg = 303.3 / 40.44 = 7.5 cm
Ixx = 656.6 + 2274.75 - 40.44 * 7.5
* 7.5
= 656.6 cm4
Z xx = 656.6 / 7.5 = 87.54667 cm3
r min = SQRT 656.6 / 40.44
= SQRT 16.24
4.03 cm
S.R = 0.87 * 510.4 / 4.03 110.20 120 130
= 110.20 708.59 640 570
Flexural Stress : 16.70 * 1000 / 40.44
= 412.83 kg/cm2 < 708.59 kg/cm2
O.K.
Nos. of rivet Calculation :
Use 12 mm thick gusset plate.
Use 22mm dia MS rivet
Shear strength of rivet = 1 * #REF! * #REF! * 0.785 * #REF!
= #REF! kg
Bearing strength = 0.54 * #REF! * #REF!
= #REF! kg
Rivet value : #REF! kg
Nos of rivet reqd : 16695.0 * 1.05 / #REF!
= #REF!
Provided 10 nos of rivet on each side
DEFLECTION CALCULATION :
Member Area Length K D. L. L. L . Deflection Deflection
in cm2 in m in tonne in tonne due to D.L. due to L.L
L0L1 130.36 6.636 -0.22 -21.73 -22.17 0.24 0.25
L1L2 130.36 6.636 -0.66 -58.99 -57.94 1.98 1.95
L2L3 164.76 6.636 -1.11 -87.97 -81.61 3.93 3.65
L3L4 213.72 6.636 -1.55 -108.67 -97.6 5.23 4.70
L4L5 248.12 6.636 -1.99 -121.09 -102.65 6.45 5.46
L5L5 248.12 6.636 -2.43 -125.23 -98.53 8.14 6.40
U1U2 149.56 6.636 0.44 41.4 41.42 0.81 0.81
U2U3 149.56 6.636 0.88 74.52 71.4 2.91 2.79
U3U4 194.52 6.636 1.33 99.36 90.53 4.51 4.11
U4U5 224.92 6.636 1.77 115.92 101.74 6.05 5.31
U5U6 240.76 6.636 2.21 124.2 100.13 7.57 6.10
L0U1 149.56 8.20 0.55 53.72 52.97 1.62 1.60
U2L1 111.56 8.20 0.55 43.49 43.8 1.76 1.77
U3L2 91.28 8.20 0.55 33.25 35.67 1.64 1.76
U4L3 91.28 8.20 0.55 23.03 27.88 1.14 1.38
U5L4 56.42 8.20 0.55 12.79 21.33 1.02 1.71
U6L5 56.42 8.20 0.55 2.56 16.85 0.20 1.35
U1L1 114.72 8.20 -0.55 -53.72 -48.55 2.11 1.91
U2L2 84 8.20 -0.55 -38.37 -40.43 2.06 2.17
U3L3 62.72 8.20 -0.55 -28.14 -32.27 2.02 2.32
U4L4 59.52 8.20 -0.55 -17.91 -25.03 1.36 1.90
U5L5 59.52 8.20 -0.55 -7.67 -19.26 0.58 1.46
Verticals 45.52 7.5 0 4.68 14.90 0.00 0.00
63.34 60.84
Modulus of elasticity : 211000 N/mm2
Deflection due to D.L : 2 * 6334139 / 211000
= 60.03923228 mm
Deflection due to L.L : 2 * 6084481 / 211000
= 57.67280738 mm
Total deflection : 60.0392323 + 57.6728
= 117.71204 < 73000 / 600
= 117.71 mm < 121.67
Hence O.K.
Design of Camber :
Height of camber : Deflection due to D.L. + 0.75*Deflection due to L.L.
= 60.0392323 + 43.2546
= 103.293838 mm
= 110.00 mm
DESIGN OF LACING:
400
BOTTOM CHORD MEMBER 50 8
Member L0L1 80 cm 24.19355
Force : 69.324764 t
108 108
184
Inclination of lacing : 45 degree 412.9504
Spacing of lacing bar : 2 * 40 * Tan 45
= 80 cm
Force resisted by the lacing bar : 0.5 * 2.5 * 69.324764 / 100 * 1.414
= 1.225315199 t
Used 50 * 8 mm flat
r min : 0.8 / SQRT 12 =
= 0.8 / 3.46 = 0.23 cm
112.68 110 120
: 1 * 26.02 = 112.68 <140 OK 698.59 720 640
0.23
* Flat
Min. thickness of lacing = 26.02 / 40 = 0.65 cm < 0.8 cm
OK
Load carrying capacity of lacing : 4 * 698.5878 = 2794.4 kg
= 2.79 t > 1.225315 t
OK
Member L1L2
400
50 10
80 cm
Force : 171.70111 t
108 108
184
Inclination of lacing : 45 degree
= 80 cm
= 3.034817114 t
* Flat
Used 50 * 10 mm flat
r min : 1 / SQRT 12 =
= 1 / 3.46 = 0.29 cm
90.14 110 120
: 1 * 26.02 = 90.14 <140 OK 878.87 720 640
0.29
= 4.39 t > 3.034817 t
OK
Member L2L3
400
288
50 10
80 cm
Force : 244.42217 t
112 112
176
= 80 cm
* Flat
= 4.320161775 t
r min : 1 / SQRT 12 =
= 1 / 3.46 = 0.29 cm
86.22 90 100
: 1 * 24.89 = 86.22 <140 OK 937.78 900 800
0.29
= 4.69 t > 4.320162 t
OK
Member L3L4
400
Flat
50 12
80 cm
Force : 300.16957 t
284
116 116
168
= 80 cm
= 5.305497167 t
r min : 1.2 / SQRT 12 =
= 1.2 / 3.46 = 0.35 cm
68.59 80 90
: 1 * 23.76 = 68.59 <140 OK 1135.6 1010 900
0.35
*

= 6.81 t > 5.305497 t
OK
Member L4L5 , L5L5
400
50 12
80 cm
Force : 330.70239 t
116 116
168
= 80 cm
= 5.845164768 t
* Flat
r min : 1.2 / SQRT 12 =
= 1.2 / 3.46 = 0.35 cm
68.59 70 80
: 1 * 23.76 = 68.59 <140 OK 1135.6 1120 1010
0.35
= 6.81 t > 5.845165 t
OK
Member L5L6
400
65 12
80 cm
Force : #REF! t
128 128
144
= 80 cm
Force resisted by the lacing bar : 0.5 * 2.5 * #REF! / 100 * 1.414
= #REF! t
r min : 1.2 / SQRT 12 =
= 1.2 / 3.46 = 0.35 cm
58.79 50 60
: 1 * 20.36 = 58.79 <140 OK 1232.1 1320 1220
0.35
* Flat
Load carrying capacity of lacing : 7.8 * 1232.122 = 9610.6 kg
= 9.61 t > #REF! t
#REF!
TOP CHORD MEMBERS :
Member U1U2
400
50 8
74.601207 cm
Force : 115.42705 t
: 36.6 ( whole section)
r min : 3.1 cm 108 108
184
= 74.6012069 cm
155
Spacing of lacing : 75 = 24.43
r min 3.07 < 0.7 * 36.636
< 25.645527
OK
= 1.972832208 t
Used 50 * 8 mm flat
* Flat
r min : 0.8 / SQRT 12 =
= 0.8 / 3.46 = 0.23 cm
108.94 110 120
: 1 * 25.16 = 108.94 <140 OK 728.47 720 640
0.23
= 2.91 t > 1.972832 t
OK
Member U2U3
400
50 10
74.601207 cm
Force : 204.61269 t
r min : 3.1 cm 108 108
184
= 74.6012069 cm
* Flat
r min 3.07 < 0.7 * 36.636
< 25.645527
OK
= 3.497156907 t
r min : 1 / SQRT 12 =
= 1 / 3.46 = 0.29 cm
87.15 90 100
: 1 * 25.16 = 87.15 <140 OK 928.47 900 800
0.29
= 4.64 t > 3.497157 t
OK
Member U3U4
400
50 12
74.601207 cm
Force : 268.14692 t
r min : 3.1 cm 112 112
176
= 74.6012069 cm
Spacing of lacing : 74.60120689 = 24.46
r min 3.05 < 0.7 * 37.577
< 26.303728
OK
= 4.583058135 t
* Flat
r min : 1.2 / SQRT 12 =
= 1.2 / 3.46 = 0.35 cm
69.47 90 100
: 1 * 24.06 = 69.47 <140 OK 1105.3 900 800
0.35
= 6.63 t > 4.583058 t
OK
Member U4U5
400
50 12
56.8 cm
Force : 308.95974 t
r min : 3.1 cm 116 116
168
Spacing of lacing bar : 2 * 28.4 * Tan 45
= 56.8 cm
* Flat
r min 3.05 < 0.7 * 38.731
< 27.112039
OK
= 5.020595823 t
r min : 1.2 / SQRT 12 =
= 1.2 / 3.46 = 0.35 cm
68.59 70 80
: 1 * 23.76 = 68.59 <140 OK 1135.6 1120 1010
0.35
= 6.81 t > 5.020596 t
OK
Member U5U6
400
50 12
56 cm
Force : 322.15115 t
r min : 3.1 cm 120 120
160
Spacing of lacing bar : 2 * 28 * Tan 45 - 0
= 56 cm
r min 3.07 < 0.7 * 40.283
< 28.197861
OK
= 5.694021633 t
* Flat
r min : 1.2 / SQRT 12 =
= 1.2 / 3.46 = 0.35 cm
65.32 50 60
: 1 * 22.63 = 65.32 <140 OK 1166.8 1320 1220
0.35
= 7.00 t > 5.694022 t
OK
DIAGONALS MEMBERS :
Member L0U1
400
50 10
80 cm
Force : 171.21539 t
r min : 3.1 cm 108 108
184
= 80 cm
r min 3.07 < 0.7 * 45.275
< 31.692207
OK
* Flat
= 3.02623206 t
r min : 1 / SQRT 12 =
= 1 / 3.46 = 0.29 cm
90.14 90 100
: 1 * 26.02 = 90.14 <140 OK 898.59 900 800
0.29
= 4.49 t > 3.026232 t
OK
Member L1U2
400
50 8
80 cm
Force : 121.54 t
110 110
180
Spacing of lacing bar : 2 * 40 * Tan 45 22
= 80 cm
= 2.148275279 t
Used 50 * 8 mm flat
r min : 0.8 / SQRT 12
= 0.8 / 3.46 = 0.23 cm
110.23 110 120
: 1 * 25.46 = 110.23 <140 OK 718.18 720 640
* Flat
0.23
= 2.87 t > 2.148275 t
OK
Member L2U3, L3U4
400
50 10
80 cm
Force : 95.11 t
90 90
220
= 80 cm 30.6513
* Flat
= 1.681034433 t
r min : 1 / SQRT 12 =
= 1 / 3.46 = 0.29 cm
107.78 110 120
: 1 * 31.11 = 107.78 <140 OK 737.78 720 640
0.29
= 3.69 t > 1.681034 t
OK
Member L3U4
400
50 10
80 cm
Force : 69.05 t
80 80
240
= 80 cm
Force resisted by the lacing bar : 1 * 2.5 * 69.048657 / 100 * 1.414
= 2.440870013 t
r min : 1 / SQRT 12 =
= 1 / 3.46 = 0.29 cm
117.58 110 120
: 1 * 33.94 = 117.58 <140 OK 659.4 720 640
* Flat
0.29
= 3.30 t > 2.44087 t
OK
Member L4U5 , L5U6
400
50 10
65 cm
Force : 44.19 t
75 75
250
Spacing of lacing bar : 2 * 32.5 * Tan 45
= 65 cm
(Lacing provided one side only) = 1.104838275 t
r min : 1 / SQRT 12 =
= 1 / 3.46 = 0.29 cm
122.47 120 130
: 1 * 35.36 = 122.47 <140 OK 622.68 640 570
0.29
* Flat
= 3.11 t > 1.104838 t
OK
Member : Vertical member U1L1 , Short Verticals
400
50 10
80 cm
Force : 57.046094 t
75 75
250
= 80 cm
* Flat
r min : 1 / SQRT 12 =
= 1 / 3.46 = 0.29 cm
122.47 120 130
: 1 * 35.36 = 122.47 <140 OK 622.68 640 570
0.29
= 3.11 t > 2.016579 t
OK
Member : U2L2, U3L3, U4L4, U5L5
400
50 10
80 cm
Force : 95.10803 t
r min : 18.0 cm 75 75
250
= 80 cm
* Flat
r min 17.97 < 0.7 * 59.041
< 41.328722
OK
= 1.681034433 t
r min : 1 / SQRT 12 =
= 1 / 3.46 = 0.29 cm
122.47 120 130
: 1 * 35.36 = 122.47 <140 OK 622.68 640 570
0.29
= 3.11 t > 1.681034 t
OK
Member : U1M1, U2M2, U3M3 , U4M4, U5M5, U6M6
400
50 10
80 cm
Force : 23.266014 t
r min : 2.3 cm 75 75
250
Spacing of lacing bar : 2 * 40 * Tan 45 -
= 80 cm
r min 2.28 < 0.7 * 182.86
< 128.00184
OK
= 0.822453611 t
r min : 1 / SQRT 12 =
* Flat
= 1 / 3.46 = 0.29 cm
122.47 130 140
: 1 * 35.36 = 122.47 <140 OK 615.15 570 510
0.29
= 3.08 t > 0.822454 t
OK
Member : U4M4
400
50 10
64 cm
Force : 22.316014 t
r min : 4.5 cm 80 80
240
Spacing of lacing bar : 2 * 40 * Tan 45 - 16
= 64 cm
r min 4.52 < 0.7 * 144.27
< 100.9859
OK
Force resisted by the lacing bar : 1 * 2.5 * 22.316014 / 100
r min : 1 / SQRT 12 =
= 1 / 3.46 = 0.29 cm
117.58 110 120
* Flat
: 1 * 33.94 = 117.58 <140 OK 659.4 720 640
0.29
= 3.30 t > 0.5579 t
OK
Member : Short Diagonals
400
50 10
80 cm
Force : 0 t
r min : 2.3 cm 75 75
250
= 80 cm
r min 2.28 < 0.7 * 99.79
< 69.852964
OK
Force resisted by the lacing bar : 1 * 2.5 * 0 / 100
(Lacing provided one side only) = 0 t
r min : 1 / SQRT 12 =
* Flat
= 1 / 3.46 = 0.29 cm
122.47 120 130
: 1 * 35.36 = 122.47 <140 OK 622.68 640 570
0.29
= 3.11 t > 0 t
OK
DESIGN OF BEARING :
Dead load reaction at each support : 1.41 * 73 / 2
= 51.465 t
L. L. Reaction :
Class B Load will be critical .
Support reaction taken from Staad output file.
Reaction in each bearing : 23.17 t
( with impact )
Wind load Reaction :
36.98
7.5 h=
P1
P2
t
44.67
0.75 m
5104 mm
R = 1/ 2 S ( P1 * ( h + 0.75 ) + P2 * 0.75 )
= 0.098 * ( 36.98 * 8.25 + 44.67 * 0.75 )
= 0.10 * 338.59
= 33.17 t
Total vertical load : 51.465 + 23.17 + 33.169
= 107.80 t
P2
2R
2R
t
S =
Horizontal force due to braking : 9.96 t ( 0.2 *33.2 +0.1 *33.2 )
The entire horizontal force will be resisted by Rocker bearing.
Horizontal force on each bearing : 9.96 / 2 = 4.98 t
Horizontal force due to Seismic : 0.144 * 51.465 * 4
= 29.64384 t
Horizontal load on each bearing : 29.64384 / 2 = 14.82192 t
Total horizontal load : 4.98 + 14.82192 = 19.80192 t
DEFORMATION :
The horizontal deformation or movement due temperature varition.
Assumed 25 degree as a standard temperature.
Movement : 1.17E-05 * 25 * 73000
= 21.35 mm
Design of Rocker Bearing :
40
40
40
40 1
2
3
4
5
mm
mm
mm
mm
150mm
400mm
Size of Bearing plate :
Mark Length Width Thickness Dia
mm mm mm mm
1 600 400 40
2 400 200 40
3 400 200 40
4 600 400 40
5 4 Nos. 30
Check for Bearing pressure :
Permissible bearing pressure : 85 kg/cm2
Length of pedestal : 900 mm
Width of pedestal : 700 mm
Loaded area of bearing A1 : 60 * 40 = 2400 cm2
Dispersed area of pedestal A2 : 90 * 70 = 6300 cm2
Allowable bearing pressure : 85 SQRT A 2 / A 1
= 85 SQRT 6300 / 2400
= 137.72 kg/cm2
Allowable flextural compressive stress for M25 concrete as per cl. 303.1. IRC-21
Flextural compressive stress : 83.3 kg/cm2
Max vertical load on each bearing : 107.804 t
Moment at base due to longitudinal force acting through the Pin.
Moment : 19.80192 * 0.08 = 1.584154 t-m
: 107803.644 / 2400 = 44.92 kg/cm2
: 158415.36 * 6
60 * 1600
: 9.90 kg/cm2
< 1.0
co cal
c cal
co cal
cc
c cal
c
+
=> 44.918185 9.90096 <1
137.71574 83.3
=> 0.3261659 0.118859064 <1
=> 0.445025 <1
Hence OK
Design of Rocker Pin :
Load will be carried by Pin : 19.80192 / 4 = 4.95048 t
Permissible shear stress as per Appendix- 3 IRC - 83 : 975 kg/cm2
Under seismic case : 975 * 1.25 = 1218.75 kg/cm2
( 25 % allowable in seismic condition)
cc c
+
+
Area reqd . : 4950.48 / 1218.75 = 4.061932 cm2
Provided dia : 3.14 * 9 / 4
: 7.065 cm2 > 4.06193 cm2
Hence OK
Gross dia : 1.1 * 30 = 33 mm
2.5 + 30 = 32.5 mm
Consider least one .
Provided gross dia : 32.5 mm
Design of Bottom Plate :
40
40
35.02 40.0 44.92 49.869 54.82
100 100 100 100
Check for Bending & Shear :
Section 1-1:
S. F. : 0.5 ( 49.9 + 54.82 ) * 60 * 10
mm
mm
2
2 1
1
= 31406.343 kg
Moment : 31406.343 * 2 * 54.8 + 49.87 * 3.3333
49.9 + 54.82
159.51
= 31406.343 * 104.688 * 3.333333
= 159506.95 kg-cm
Shear stress fs = 31406.3429 / 60 * 4 = 130.86 kg/cm2
< 950 kg/cm2
Bending stress fb = 159507 * 6 / 60 * 16
= 996.92 < 1650kg/cm2
O.K.
Combined stress = SQRT ( 130.8597622 ^2 + 3 * 996.92 ^2 )
= 1731.66497 Kg/cm2 < 2250 Kg/cm2 OK
S. F. : 0.5 ( 44.9 + 54.82 ) * 60 * 20
= 59842.398 kg
Moment : 59842.398 * 2 * 54.8 + 44.92 * 6.6667
44.9 + 54.82
= 59842.398 * 154.56 * 6.666667
99.737
= 618225.9 kg-cm
Shear stress fs = 59842 / 60 * 8 = 124.67 kg/cm2
< 950 kg/cm2
Bending stress fb = 618226 * 6 / 60 * 64
= 965.98 < 1650kg/cm2
O.K.
Combined stress = SQRT ( 124.6716622 ^2 + 3 * 965.98 ^2 )
= 1677.7614 Kg/cm2 < 2250 Kg/cm2 OK
Radius of Curved Surface :
Load per unit of effective length : 107804 / 400 = 269.51 kg/mm
= 2695.1 N/mm
Working load : 8 d1 = 2695.09
= d1 = 336.89
r 1 = 168.44319 mm
Provided radius of curved surface : 170 mm
DESIGN OF SLIDING BEARING :
40
40
40
40 1
2
3
4
5
mm
mm
mm
mm
200 mm
400mm
4mm
4.5 mm
6
7
Size of Bearing plate :
Mark Length Width Thickness Dia
mm mm mm mm
1 600 400 40
2 400 200 40
3 400 200 40
4 600 400 40
5 4 Nos. 30
6 400 100 4.5 PTFE
7 500 300 4
PTFE Sheet : Allowable bearing pressure on PTFE sheet as per table 6 of BS : 5400 section
9.1.1983
I. For permanent load : 306 kg/cm2
II. For full design load : 459 kg/cm2
Max Bearing stress : 107804 / 40 * 10
= 269.51 kg/cm2 < 459 kg/cm2
Hence OK
Max Bearing stress (DL) : 51465 / 40 * 10
= 128.66 kg/cm2 < 306 kg/cm2
Hence OK
Design of Anchor Bolts :
No of anchor bolt provided : 12 nos
Force on each bolt under normal case : 4.98 / 12 = 0.415 t
Force on each bolt under Seismic case : 19.8019 / 12 = 1.6502 t
Permissible shear stress as per appendix -3 of IRC - 1985
I. Under normal condition : 950 kg/cm2
II.Under seismic condition : 1263.5 kg/cm2
Area reqd for Anchor bolt : 1650.2 / 1263.5 = 1.31 cm2
Provided 16 mm Anchor bolt
Area provided : 3.14 * 1.6 * 1.6 / 4
= 2.0096 cm2
hence OK
DESIGNING OF EXPANSION JOINT :
Length of span 73 m
Max. temperature 25 ` C
Min. temperature -25 ` C
Expansion co-effcient 0.0000117
Modulus of elasticity 21100 kg/mm2
1. During contraction
Movement = -25 * 1.2E-05 * 73 * 1000 mm
= -21.3525 mm
2. During expansion
Movement = 25 * 1.2E-05 * 73 *1000 mm
= 21.3525 mm
3. Movement due to deflection
Movement = PL /AE
= 2 * 13273 ( 7705.673759 + 20918.44 + 31195.035 + 38535 + 42940 )
21100 13036 13036 16476 21372 24812
= 1.26 ( 0.59110722 + 1.60467 + 1.8933622 + 1.8031 + 1.73 )
= 9.5901064 mm
Expansion gap at the time of contraction
= -21.3525 - 9.590106434
= -30.94261 mm
Expansion gap at the time of expansion
= 21.3525 9.590106434
= 11.762394 mm
We are providing expansion gap at the time construction = 50 mm
At the time of min.temp.(-35C) = 50 - -30.9426
= 80.94260643 mm
At the time of max.temp(50C) = 50 - 21.3525
= 28.6475 mm
Design of Joint :
171.22 t
69.32
Design of gusset plate :
Member L0U1:
Force : 171.215 t
Reqd. Area : 149.56 cm2
Height of gusset : 70 cm
Provided 16 mm thick gusset plate on each side.
Design of bolt :
HSFG Bolt :
Provide 22 dia 8 G Bolts
As per table 1 of SP:6(4)-1989
Proof Load = 18180 Kg
Shear per Bolt = 0.45 * 18180 * N / 1.4
L0
L1
U1
= 5843.6 N Kg
Member L0L1
Force : 69.3248 t
Bolt value = 5843.6 Kg
Nos of bolt reqd : 69324.76376 * 1.05 / 5843.57
= 12.45659488 nos
Provided nos of bolt on each side : 6.22829744 nos
Member :L0U1
Force : 171.215 t
Nos of bolt reqd : 171215.3923 * 1.05 / 5843.57
= 30.7647753 nos
Joint :L1
23.27 t
0.00 0
69.3248 t 171.70 t
Max. Force : 171.7011097 t
Reqd. Area : 114.4674065 cm2
Height of gusset plate = 60 cm
Size of gusset plate (2nos): 2 60 * 1.2 = 144 cm2
Size of housing plate : 45 * 0 = 0 cm2
Size of cover plate : 45 * 0 = 0 cm2
Size of top plate : 45 * 0 = 0 cm2
Total area provided = 144 cm2 > 114.47 cm2
OK
Provided 12 mm gusset plate both side
Member : L1L2
Force : 171.701 t
U1

L0
L2
L1
*
k1

k2

bolt value : 5843.57 kg
Nos of bolt reqd : 171701.1097 * 1.05 / 5843.57
= 30.8520513
Member : K1L1
Force : 0 t
Nos of bolt reqd : 0 * 1.05 / 5843.57
= 0
Member : L1U1
Force : 23.266 t
Nos of bolt reqd : 23266.01447 * 1.05 / 5843.57
= 4.18054532
Member : L1K2
Force : 0 t
Nos of bolt reqd : 0 * 1.05 / 5843.57
= 0
No. of bolt for Housing plate :(Typ)
Force :Strength of Housing plate
Strength of gusset plate : 40 * 0.8 * 1500 = 48000 kg
Nos of bolt reqd : 48000 * 1.05 / 5843.57
= 8.62 nos
Provided nos of bolt on each side : 9 nos
No. of bolt for Top plate :(Typ)
Force :Strength of top plate
Use 22 mm dia power driven bolt. 40 * 0.8 * 1500 = 48000 kg
Nos of bolt reqd : 48000 * 1.05 / 5843.57
= 8.62 nos
Joint L2:
144.58 22.36 t
0
171.70 t 244.42 t
Max.Force : 244.422 t
Reqd area for gusset: 162.9481103 cm2
Height of gusset = 70 cm
L1
L3
U2
L2
*
U1
K3
Size of gusset plate(2nos) : 2 70 * 1.2 = 168 cm2
Size of housing plate(2 nos) : 40 * 0.8 *2 = 64 cm2
Size of cover plate : 45 * 0 = 0 cm2
Size of top plate (1 nos) : 40 * 0 *2 = 0 cm2
OK
Design of bolt :
Member : L2L3
Force : 244.422 t
Nos of bolt reqd : 244422l * 1.05 / 5843.57
= 43.9189076
Member : L2U1
Force : 144.58 t
Nos of bolt reqd : 144580.4054 * 1.05 / 5843.57
= 25.9788774
Member : L2U2
Force : 22.356 t
*
Nos of bolt reqd : 22356.01447 * 1.05 / 5843.57
= 4.0170323
Joint L3:
121.54 22.32 0
244.42 t 300.17 t
Force : 300.17 t
Size of top cover plate : 2 * 0 = 0 cm2
Size of web cover plate : 38 * 0 = 0 cm2
Size of bottom cover plate : 2 * 0 = 0 cm2
Size of top plate (1nos) : 40 * 0 *2 = 0 cm2
OK
L2
L4
U2
L3
U3
K4
*
Design of bolt
Member : L3L4
Force : 300.17 t
Nos of bolt reqd : 300169.571 * 1.05 / 5843.6
= 53.9358598
Member : L3U3
Force : 22.316 t
Nos of bolt reqd : 22316.01447 * 1.05 / 5843.57
= 4.00984492
Member : L3U2
Force : 121.543 t
Nos of bolt reqd : 121543.1558 * 1.05 / 5843.57
= 21.8394376
Joint L4:
22.32
109.02 0
300.17 t 327.42 t
Force : 327.422 t
L3
L5

U3
L4
U4
K5
*
OK
Design of bolt
Member : L4L5
Force : 327.422 t
Nos of bolt reqd : 327421.686 * 1.05 / 5843.6
= 58.8326462
Member : L4U4
Force : 22.316 t
Nos of bolt reqd : 22316.01447 * 1.05 / 5843.57
= 4.00984492
Member : L4U3
Force : 109.021 t
Nos of bolt reqd : 109020.593 * 1.05 / 5843.57
= 19.5893255
Joint L5:
22.32
95.11
0
327.42 t 327.42 t
Force : 327.42 t
L4
L4

U4
L5
U5
K6

*
OK
Design of bolt
Member : L5L4
Force : 327.422 t
Nos of bolt reqd : 327421.686 * 1.05 / 5843.6
= 58.8326462
Member : L5U5
Force : 22.316 t
Nos of bolt reqd : 22316.01447 * 1.05 / 5843.57
= 4.00984492
Member : L5U4
Force : 95.108 t
Nos of bolt reqd : 95108.03014 * 1.05 / 5843.57
= 17.0894517
Joint L6:
#REF! #REF!
#REF!
#REF! t #REF! t
Force : #REF! t
L5
L5
U5
L6
U6
U5
*
Size of housing plate(2 nos) : 40 * 0.8 * 2 = 64 cm2
Size of top plate (1nos) : 40 * 0 * 2 = 0 cm2
OK
Design of bolt
Member : L5L6
Force : #REF! t
Nos of bolt reqd : #REF! * 1.05 / 5843.6
= #REF!
Provided nos of bolt on each side : #REF! nos
Member : L6U6
Force : #REF! t
= #REF!
*
Member : L6U5
Force : #REF! t
= #REF!
Joint U1
115.43 t
171.215 t
Design of gusset :
Force : 115.427 t
Reqd. area : 153.06 cm2
Height of Gusset : 70 cm
Reqd thickness : 153.06 / 70 = 2.18657 cm
Provided 16mm thick gusset on each side and 8 mm top plate
Design of bolt :
Member : U1U2
Force : 115.427 t
U1
L0
L1
U2
L2

*
Nos of bolt reqd : 115427.0511 * 1.05 / 5843.57
= 20.7404676
Joint U2
204.61 t
Design of gusset :
Force : 204.613 t
Provide 2 Nos. Plate 400 * 8 mm thick at top and bottom
Aqrea of plates = 40 * 0.8 * 2
= 64 cm2
Area of gusset plates required = 85.56
U2
L2
U3
L3

*
U1
Provided 12 mm thick gusset on each side
Design of bolt :
Member : U2U3
Force : 204.613 t
Nos of bolt reqd : 204612.6919 * 1.05 / 5843.57
= 36.7657569
Joint U3
268.15 t
Design of gusset : L3
U3
U4
L4

*
U2
Force : 268.147 t
= 64 cm2
Area of gusset plates required = 130.52 cm2
Member : U3U4
Force : 268.147 t
Nos of bolt reqd : 268146.9226 * 1.05 / 5843.57
= 48.1818819
Joint U4
Design of gusset :
308.96 t
U3
L4 L5
Force : 308.96 t
= 64 cm2
U4
U5
*
Design of bolt :
Member : U4U5
Force : 308.96 t
Nos of bolt reqd : 308959.743 * 1.05 / 5843.57
= 55.5153187
Joint U5
Design of gusset :
#REF! t
L5 L6
Force : #REF! t
= 64 cm2
U5
U6
*
U4
Design of bolt :
Member : U5U6
Force : #REF! t
= #REF!
Joint K1 :
149
0.00
149.00
L0 0.00
Design of gusset :
Force : 149 t
U1
K1
S1
= 64 cm2
Provide 12 mm thick gusset on each side and 10 mm thick plate at top face.
Design of bolt :
Member : K1S1
Force : 0 t
Nos of bolt reqd : 0 * 1.05 / 5843.57
= 0
No. of bolt for to fixing gusset plate with short Verticals :(Typ)
Force :Strenght of gusset plate
Provided 10 mm gusset plate to fix Vertical member with Bottom chord members
Strenght of gusset plate : 40 * 1 * 1500 = 60000 kg
bolt value : 5843.571429 Kg
Nos of bolt reqd : 60000 * 1.05 / 5843.57
= 10.78107811 nos
Provided nos of bolt : 11 nos
2.0
Modular Ratio (m): = 211000/29580.40 = 7.50
Creep Factor (K
c
) : 0.5
Modular Ratio for permanent loadings (m
p
):
= m/K
c
= 7.50/0.5 = 15.00 min should be 15
Modular Ratio for transient loadings (m
t
): 7.50
No
Steel only
m
t
m
p
1500
1.085 1.085
Cross sectional area (A) (Cm
2
): #REF! #REF! #REF!
C.g. distance from top (Cm): #REF! #REF!
25 C.g. distance from left (Cm): 12.500 75.000 75.000
250
X # I
x-x
(I about x-axis) (Cm
4
): #REF! #REF! #REF!
#REF! Radious of Gyration r
yy
(cm) : #REF!
25 Radious of Gyration r
xx
(cm) : #REF!
250
1960
0.430 196.000 196.000
2
): 494.960 1148.293 821.627
C.g. distance from top (Cm): 49.09 39.05 49.60
C.g. distance from left (Cm): 21.5 98.00 98.00
350
I
x-x
4
): 580100.0 ######## ########
I
y-y
(I about y-axis) (Cm
4
): ######## 147315.5 114780.5
16 I
x-y
(torsional constant) (Cm
4
): ######## ######## ########
Calculation of section properties
Member Profile Item
Values
I
n
t
e
r
m
e
d
i
a
t
e

C
r
o
s
s

G
i
r
d
e
r
s
Effective width of compression
flange (m):
2
5
0
1
E
n
d

C
r
o
s
s

G
i
r
d
e
r
s
flange (Cm):
2
5
0
2
0
8
4
8
9
0
0
Y
Y
Y
X
430
1500
0.180 1.500 1.500
2
): 104.40 604.40 354.40
C.g. distance from left (Cm): 9.000 75.00 75.00
180
I
x-x
4
): 42274.8 189769.6 158859.8
10 I
y-y
4
): 1555.2 18221.9 3638.5
Area = I
x-y
4
): 0.0 0.0 0.0
104.4 Radious of Gyration r
yy
(cm) : 3.86
xx
(cm) : 20.12
180
424
2
): 455.68 - -
C.g. distance from bottom (Cm): 51.600 - -
C.g. distance from left (Cm): 21.20 - -
16
I
x-x
4
): 616836.8 - -
392 I
y-y
4
): 153566.1 - -
I
x-y
4
): ######## - -
Radious of Gyration r
yy
(cm) : 18.36
xx
(cm) : 36.79
424
324
2
): 142.96 - -
10
E
n
d

C
r
o
s
s

G
i
r
d
e
r
s
3
2
L
o
n
g
i
t
u
d
i
n
a
l

G
i
r
d
e
r
flange (m):
2
5
0
1
6
2
5
0
0
B
o
t
t
o
m

C
h
o
r
d

1
6
#
#
#
3
1
6
D
i
a
g
o
n
a
l

V
e
r
t
i
c
a
l

l
o
n
g
1
2
3
2
6
4
Y
Y
Y
X
X
X
Y
I
x-x
4
): 27983.4 - -
I
y-y
4
): 22873.6 - -
I
x-y
4
): 37798.66 - -
yy
(cm) : 12.65
xx
(cm) : 13.99
324
324
2
): 120.80 - -
10
I
x-x
4
): 17282.87 - -
I
y-y
4
): 19472.14 - -
I
x-y
4
): 27456.70 - -
yy
(cm) : 12.70
xx
(cm) : 11.96
324
324 Cross sectional area (A) (Cm
2
): 289.280 - -
C.g. distance from top (Cm): 30.600 - -
16
16 I
x-x
4
): 144101.9 - -
I
y-y
4
): 53086.8 - -
I
x-y
4
): 119282.2 - -
yy
(cm) : 13.55
xx
(cm) : 22.32
324

324 Cross sectional area (A) (Cm
2
): 315.200 - -
D
i
a
g
o
n
a
l

V
e
r
t
i
c
a
l

l
o
n
g
4
1
2
D
i
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o
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a
l

V
e
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t
i
c
a
l

s
h
o
r
t
1
0
2
8
0
5
1
0
T
o
p

C
h
o
r
d

(
T
C
1
)
6
5
8
0
T
o
p

C
h
o
r
d

(
T
C
2
)

X
X
Y
X
Y
Y
X
X
Y
20
16 I
x-x
4
): 168669.9 - -
I
y-y
4
): 55354.3 - -
I
x-y
4
): 130223.2 - -
yy
(cm) : 13.25
xx
(cm) : 23.13
324

300
Cross sectional area (A) (cm
2
): 131.040 - -
C.g. distance from top (cm): 16.200 - -
C.g. distance from left (cm): 15.000 - -
12
#
#
#
#
I
x-x
(I about x-axis) (cm
4
): 25257.07 - -
16 I
y-y
(I about y-axis) (cm
4
): 7200.00 - -
I
x-y
(torsional constant) (cm
4
): 98.74 - -
yy
(cm) : 7.41 - -
xx
(cm) : 13.88 - -
300
250
2
): 80.400 - -
10
#
#
#
#
I
x-x
4
): 14665.71 - -
10 I
y-y
4
): 2604.17 - -
I
x-y
4
): 26.80 - -
yy
(cm) : 5.69 - -
xx
(cm) : 13.51 - -
T
o
p

C
h
o
r
d

(
T
C
2
)

7
5
8
0
V
e
r
t
i
c
a
l
8
V
e
r
t
i
c
a
l

S
h
o
r
t9
X
Y
Y
250
250
2
): 106.800 - -
10
#
#
#
#
I
x-x
4
): 17735.27 - -
16 I
y-y
4
): 4166.67 - -
I
x-y
4
): 77.20 - -
yy
(cm) : 6.25 - -
xx
(cm) : 12.89 - -
250
L125x95x12 Cross sectional area (A) (cm
2
): 49.960
y C.g. distance from top (cm): 3.960
1.2 C.g. distance from Y-axis (cm): 3.070
I
x-x
4
): 765.20
x x I
y-y
4
): 452.74
3.96 Radious of Gyration r
xx
(cm) : 3.91
yy
(cm) : 3.01
y
Area = 24.98
412
2
): 369.600 - -
20 C.g. distance from left (Cm): 21.400 - -
16
I
x-x
4
): 206109.9 - -
#
#
I
y-y
4
): 104895.5 - -
V
e
r
t
i
c
a
l

S
h
o
r
t
T
o
p

C
h
o
r
d

B
r
a
c
i
n
g
10
T
o
p

L
o
n
g
i
t
u
d
i
n
a
l

b
r
a
c
i
n
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I
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e
r
m
e
d
i
a
t
e

T
o
p

C
h
o
r
d

X X
Y
20 I
x-y
4
): 210354.0 - -
L90x90x10
y Cross sectional area (A) (cm
2
): 34.06
1.2 C.g. distance from top (cm): 2.59
x x Radious of Gyration r
yy
(cm) : 4.20
xx
(cm) : 2.73
2.59
y
Area = 17.03
140
2
): 51.200 - -
10
#
#
#
#
I
x-x
4
): 3423.21 - -
I
y-y
4
): 1038.25 - -
12 I
x-y
4
): 21.99 - -
yy
(cm) : 4.50 - -
xx
(cm) : 8.18 - -
140
1000
70761.4
0.400 1.000 1.000
2
): 279.360 612.693 446.0
T
o
p

D
i
a
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o
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a
l

B
r
a
c
i
n
g

11
E
n
d

C
r
o
s
s

G
i
r
d
e
r
s
flange (m):
2
5
0
I
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t
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r
m
e
d
i
a
t
e

T
o
p

C
h
o
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a
l

b
r
a
c
i
n
g
X X
Y
Y
#
#
#
#
12 I
x-x
4
): 157091.7 468938.8 368035.5
I
y-y
4
): 70144.09 75082.4
I
x-y
4
): 226.25 263267.5 263869.2
2
0
yy
(cm) : 15.85 11.07 12.60
xx
(cm) : 23.71 27.67 28.73
E
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12
1
6
Y
3.3 Design of Intermediate cross girders
Span : 5.10 m
Spacing between cross girders 6.6364 m
Impact factors:
Final value of C
da
= 1.00
Summary of STAAD output
units : Force - Mton, Moments - Mton-meter
sign convention : -ve for tension, hogging moments, tensile stress
+ve for compression, sagging moments, compressive stress
-2.00 20.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 44.70
-1.00 7.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 23.10
-1.00 7.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 23.10
-1.00 7.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 23.10
Design forces for midspan (including impact):
Axial Load -2.0 t
live load +DL+SIDL
Wind load(+z) +DL+ SIDL
Seismic load(z&y)+DL+ SIDL
Temp. Rise+DL+ SIDL
Moment (M
z
) 44.7 t-m
Moment (M
y
) 0.0 t-m
Shear (F
y
) 20.3 t
Flexural stress at top of concrete slab (in conc. units): 1.84 N/mm
2
Flexural stress at bottom of concrete slab (in conc. units): 0.35 N/mm
2
Flexural stress at top of steel beam (in steel units): 5.28 N/mm
2
Flexural stress at bottom of steel beam (in steel units): -48.32 N/mm
2
Flexural tensile stress at bottom of steel beam for corresonding value of My : 0.00 N/mm
2
Shear stress : 28.19 N/mm
2
Axial stress : -1.05 N/mm
2
Allowable stresses
Flexural tensile stress in steel: 155.00 N/mm
2
Flexural compressive stress:
(in steel)
Flexural compressive stress in concrete: 11.67 N/mm
2
SAFE
Allowable shear stress in steel: 87.50 N/mm
2
SAFE
Since the top flange of the beam will be
supported continuously by the concrete
deck slab, so the allowable compressive
stress shall be same as allowable tensile
stress.
Since both of the allowable stresses are more than the actual stresses in the
beam, the beam is safe.
2.0
Modular Ratio (m): = /0.00 = #DIV/0!
Creep Factor (K
c
) : 0.5
Modular Ratio for permanent loadings (m
p
):
= m/K
c
= #DIV/0! #DIV/0! min should be 15
Modular Ratio for transient loadings (m
t
): #DIV/0!
No
Steel only
m
t
m
p
1500
0.250 0.000 0.000
2
): 191.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
C.g. distance from top (Cm): 30.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
250
X I
x-x
4
): 291857.8 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
I
y-y
4
): 6510.4 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Area= 12 I
x-y
4
): 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
yy
(cm) : 5.84
xx
(cm) : 39.09
250
Item
Values
I
n
t
e
r
m
e
d
i
a
t
e

C
r
o
s
s

G
i
r
d
e
r
s
flange (m):
2
5
0
1
6
0
0
Calculation of section properties
Member Profile
Y
Y
X
1.0 Basic Design Data:
Statical scheme :
Main Girders : Simply supported Warren type subdivided truss
Cross Girders : Simply supported plate girders
supported on the Built-up Bottom chord
Top chord bracings : Braced Top Chord
Deck level bracing :
Span of Main girders : 80 m
(c/c of bearing)
Trans. c/c distance between truss : 5.85 m
carriageway width : 4.25 m
(supported on truss)
Width of Bottom Chord : 0.424 m
Total width of structure : 6.274 m
(outer to outer)
Wearing coarse thickness : 65 mm to be provided
90 mm for design purpose
Cross fall on deck slab : 2.5 % on both sides
Avg. thickness of deck slab : 250 mm
Live load : One lane of Class A loading
No bracing, but the composite deck will
provide lateral stiffness.
Density of concrete
:
2.5 t/m
3
Density of wearing coarse
:
2.2 t/m
3
Density of steel
:
7.85 t/m
3
Grade of Concrete : M 35
Grade of Steel used for Truss : Fe 410WB (IS:2062)
Yield Stress of Steel : 250 MPa
Grade of Steel used for Truss : Fe 540WB (IS:2062)
Yield Stress of Steel : 390 MPa
Modulus of Elasticity of Steel : 2.11E+05 MPa
Poisson's Ratio of steel 0.3
Modulus of Elasticity of Conc. : 29580.40 MPa
Coefficient of thermal expansion
Steel : 0.0000117 /C
R. C. Concrete : 0.0000117 /C (as per IRC:22)
DESIGN OF INTERMEDIATE CROSS GIRDER:
Crossgirder is design as a composite section.Composite section is consist of deck slab
and steelsection.
Ec = 290000 kg/cm2
Es = 2110000 kg/cm2
Section Properties ( Permanent Loads)
be = bw + l/ 5
13.35 + 468 / 5
= 106.95 cm
Area 78.46 cm2
= 7.13 cm C.G. 20.00 cm
I 20458.4 cm4
B(cm) t(cm)
Slab 7.13000 0 0 0 0 0.0 0
ISMB 400 14 0.89 78.46 20 1569.2 31384 20458.4
Plate 17 0.8 13.6 #REF! #REF! #REF! 0.7253
Total 92.06 #REF! #REF! #REF! 20459.13
Ycg = #REF! / 92.06 = #REF! cm
Ixx = 20459.13 + #REF! - #REF! * #REF!
* 92.06
= #REF! cm4
Ztt = #REF! / #REF!
= #REF! cm3 #REF! ISMB 400 #REF!
Zbb = #REF! / #REF!
= #REF! cm3
Section Properties ( Steel section only)
be = bw + l/ 5
13.35 + 468 / 5
= 106.95 cm
Area 78.46 cm2
= 7.13 cm C.G. 20.00 cm
I 20458.4 cm4
Depth 40.00 cm

B(cm) t(cm)
Slab 7.13000 0 0 0 0 0.0 0
ISMB 400 14 0.89 78.46 20 1569.2 31384 20458.4
Plate 17 0.8 13.6 40.4 549.44 22197 0.7253
Total 92.06 60.4 2118.64 53581 20459.13
Ycg = 2118.64 / 92.06 = 23.01369 cm
Ixx = 20459.13 + 53581.38 - 23.01369 * 23.01369
* 92.06
= 25282.78 cm4
Ztt = 25282.78 / 23.01369
= 1098.598 cm3 400 ISMB 400 408
Zbb = 25282.78 / 17.78631
= 1421.474 cm3
Section Properties ( Transient Loads)
m = 7.5 ( For Bridge)
be = bw + l/ 5
6.675 + 468 / 5
= 100.275 cm
beff = 100.275 / 7.5 Properties ISMB 400
Area 78.46 cm2

= 13.37 cm C.G. 20.00 cm
I 20458.4 cm4
Depth 40.00 cm
Section properties :
B(cm) t(cm)
Slab 13.37 0 0 0 0 0.0 0
ISMB 400 14 0.89 78.46 20 1569.2 31384 20458.4
Plate 17 0.8 13.6 40.4 549.44 22197 0.7253
Total 92.06 60.4 2118.64 53581 20459.13
Ycg = 2118.64 / 92.06 = 23.01369 cm
Ixx = 20459.13 + 53581.38 - 23.01369 * 23.01369
* 92.06
= 25282.78 cm4
Ztt = 25282.78 / 23.01369
= 1098.598 cm3 400 ISMB 400 #REF!
Zbb = 25282.78 / 17.06631
= 1481.444 cm3
LOAD CALCULATION :
1) Dead load :
Load due to deck slab : 0.0628 * 6.636364 = 0.42 t/m
Load due to crossgirder : 0.07 t/m
Total UDL : 0.49 t/m
0.49
5.104 m
1.25 t 1.25 t
Max. SF at end = 0.49 * 5.104 / 2
= 1.25 t
Max. B.M. at mid = 1.25 * 2.552 - 0.49 * 5.104
* 5.104 / 8
= 1.59 t-m
2) SIDL :
Load due to Wearing Coat : 0 * 6.636364 = 0.00 t/m
0.00
5.104 m
0.00 t 0.00 t
Max. SF at end = 0.00 * 5.104 / 2
= 0.00 t
Max. B.M. at mid = 0.00 * 2.552 - 0.00 * 5.104
* 5.104 / 8
A
B
A
B
= 0.00 t-m
Live load analysis for Crossgirder :
Load of each wheel with impact: 5.7 * 1.48 = 8.436 t
8.436 t 8.436 t
1.22 m
6.636 m 6.636 t
Max. reaction at central support : 8.436 + 6.1 * 5.416364 / 6.636364
: 8.436 + 4.978603
= 13.4146 ton
Max. B.M. :
1.652 13.41 t 13.41 t 1.652
1.8
1.035
5.104 m
13.41 13.41
B.M. : 8.44 * 3.05 - 8.44 * 0.61
= 20.58
= 20.58 tm
Max. B.M. Due to pedestrian load:
1.402 1.402
1.525 t/m 2.3 0.5 t/m
0.537 0.975 0.975
5.104 m
3.24 t 3.24 t
As per Cl. 207.4 of IRC:6:2000 the remaining width of carriageway shall be loaded with 500 Kg/m2
Load on Cross Girder = 0.5 * 6.636364
= 3.318182 ton
Load on deck slab = 3.318182 * 0.975
= 3.235227 ton/m
Load on truss = 3.235227 / 6.636364
= 0.4875 ton/m
B.M. at centre : 3.24 * 2.552 - 3.24 * 1.5275
= 3.31
= 3.31 tm
Max. S.F. : 13.41 t 13.41 t
1.8 2.455
A B
0.212

0.325

0.40

A B
5.104
S.F. : ( 13.41 * 4.255 + 13.41 * 2.455 )
/ 5.104
+
= 90.01198 / 5.104
= 17.63558
= 17.63558 t
Max. Shear force due to pedestrian load = 3.24 ton
Total B.M. : 1.59 + 20.58 + 0.00 + 0.00 = 22.18 tm
DL LL SIDL PL
Total S.F. : 1.25 + 17.64 + 0.00 + 3.24 = 22.12 ton
DL LL SIDL PL
Check for compressive and tensile stress :
Max. compressive stress in concrete : 2217629.6 / 2003.09 * 1
due to dead load = 1107.1043 kg/cm2 < 1550 kg/cm2
Hence OK
due to dead load = 2958.3384 kg/cm2 > 1550 kg/cm2
Revise
Max. compressive stress in concrete : 0 / #REF! * 15
due to SIDL load = #REF! kg/cm2 #REF! 116.7 kg/cm2
#REF!
Max . Tensile stress in steel : 0 / #REF!
due to SIDL = #REF! kg/cm2 #REF! 1550 kg/cm2
#REF!
Max. compressive stress in concrete : 2381906.7 / 1098.598 * 7.5
A B
due to Live load = 289.08449 kg/cm2 > 116.7 kg/cm2
Revise
due to Live load = 1607.8279 kg/cm2 > 1550 kg/cm2
Revise
Total compressive stress in concrete = #REF! Kg/cm2 < 116.7 Kg/cm2
Total tensile stress in steel = #REF! Kg/cm2 < 1550 Kg/cm2
Shear stress = 22118.811 / ( 0.89 * 35 )
= 710.07418 Kg/cm2 < 950 Kg/cm2
Deflection due to dead load = 5/384 * wL^4/EI
= 5/384* 2.3000 * 5104.000 ^4/(2.11*10^5* 252827841 )
= 0.38098 mm
Deflection due to Live Load = W * a ( 3 l^2 - 4 a^2) /24EI
= 134146 * 1652 * ( 3 * 5104.000 ^2- 4* 1652
= 11.63781 mm ^2)/ (24* 2.11*10^5* 252827841 )
Max permissible deflection = L/800
= 5104 / 800
= 6.38 mm OK
Total deflection = 12.01879 mm
Max. permissible deflection = 5104 / 600
= 8.506667 mm OK
Design of Steel deck for the bridge
The bridge is provided with intermediate cross girder at 3.318 m spacing. The stringers are supported
on the cross girders which are provided at 0.40 m spacing. On the stringers steel decking consisting of 8 mm thick chequered
plate is supporeted.
The deck slab and stringers are designed for Class A loading
Dispersion is considered as 2 : 1 on chequred plate
Dispersed size of wheel = (500 + 32) * ( 250 +32) mm
= 532 * 282 mm
Impact factor = 9 / ( 13.5 + 3.318 )
= 0.5351409
Load with impact = 5.70 * 1.53514092
= 8.7503032 ton
= 16.447938 t/m
Design of Stringers
Weight of wearing coat = 0 * 0.5 = 0
400 * 8 mm
ISMB 300
Section Properties
S, No. Item Size Area y Ay Ay^2 Ixx
1 Deck slab 400 8 32 0.4 12.8 5.12 1.706666667
2 ISMB 300 300 56.26 15.8 888.908 14044.75 8603.6
Total
88.26 901.708 14049.87 8605.306667
yt = 901.708 / 88.26
= 10.216497 cm
yb = 30.8 - 10.21649671
= 20.583503 cm
Ixx = 8605.3067 + 14049.8664 - 88.26 * 10.2165 * 10.2165
= 13442.876 cm4
Ztt = 13442.876 / 10.21649671
= 1315.801 cm3
Zbb = 13442.876 / 20.58350329
= 653.08981 cm3
Dead Load moment
Self weight = 0.008826 * 7.85 + 0
= 0.0692841 t/m
= 0.07 t/m
B.M. = 0.07 * 3.318 ^2 /8
= 0.0963298 tm
Dead load shear force = 0.07 * 3.318 / 2
= 0.11613 ton
Snow Load
Snow load on stringer = 0.25 * 0.4 * 0.9
= 0.09 t/m
B.M. = 0.09 * 3.318 ^2/8
= 0.1238526 tm
Snow Load shear force = 0.09 * 3.318 / 2 8.7514
= 0.14931 ton
Live Load Bending Moment
16.4479384 t/m 0.581895
1.454738
A B C D E
0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
RA = 8.7503032 /2 * 0.532/4 / 0.4
= 1.4547379 ton
RC = 1.4547379 ton
RB = 8.7503032 - 2.909475829
= 5.8408274 ton
5.841 5.841
1.659 1.2 0.459
3.318 m
B.M. at centre = 5.841 * 1.659 - 5.841 * 0.6
= 6.1854362 tm
Live load shear force
1.659
5.841 5.841
1.2
3.318 m
Max . Shear force = 5.841 + 5.841 * 2.118 / 3.318
= 9.56923986 ton
Total B.M. = 0.0963298 + 0.123852645 + 6.185436
= 6.4056187 tm
Total shear force = 0.11613 + 0.14931 + 9.56924
= 9.8346799 ton
Stress at top = 640561.87 / 1315.800966
= 486.82277 Kg/cm2
Stress at bottom = 640561.87 / 653.0898099
= 980.81743 Kg/cm2 < 1550 Kg/cm2 OK
Shear stress = 9.8346799 * 1000 / ( 27.52 * 0.75 )
= 476.48643 Kg/cm2 < 950 Kg/cm2 OK
Deflection due to Live Load
5.841 5.841
1.059 1.2 1.059
3.318 m
Max deflection = 5840.827 * 331.8 ^3 /( 6 * 2040000 * 13442.88 ) * ( ( 3/4* 1.059 / 3.318 - ( 1.059 / 3.318)^3)
= 1.296671 * ( 0.23937613 - 0.032513 )
= 1.296671 * 0.206863
= 0.268233 cm
Permissible deflection = 331.8 / 800
= 0.41475 cm
Design of Intermediate Cross Girder
Dead Load
The stringers are provided at 0.40 m spacing. So, the dead load is assumed to be uniformly distributed over the cross girder
Total Nos. of stringers = 12
Dead Load of the stringers = 0.005626 * 3.318 * 7.85 * 12
= 1.7584378 ton
Dead Load on Cross Girder = 1.75843781 / 5.104
= 0.345 t/m
Dead Load due to deck slab = 0.008 * 3.318 * 7.85
= 0.208 t/m
Dead Load due to wearing Coat = 0 * 3.318 * 2.5
= 0 t/m
Dead load of Cross girder = 0.0169704 * 7.85
= 0.1332176 t/m
Total dead Load = 0.686 t/m
C/c of truss = 5.104 m
Moment due to dead load = 0.686 * 5.104 ^ 2 / 8
= 2.2342142 tm
Live Load
5.7 5.7
1.2
A 3.318 B 3.318 C
Max Reaction at Girder B = 5.7 * 2.118 / 3.318 + 5.7
= 9.34 ton
Impact factor = 9 / ( 13.5 + 5.104 )
= 0.484
Max Reaction with impact = 9.34 * 1.484
= 13.856 ton
15.44 15.44
1.8
A 5.104 B
B.M. in Cross Girder = 15.44 * 2.552 - 15.44 * 0.9
= 25.50688 tm
Shear force in Cross Girder
15.44 15.44
1.8
A 5.104 B
Max. shear force = 15.44 + 15.44 * 3.304 / 5.104
= 25.43 ton
Section Properties at centre :
1028.8 * 8
Effective width of deck slab = 5.104 / 5 + 0.008
= 1.0288 m
S, No. Item Size Area y Ay Ay^2 Ixx
1 Deck slab 1028.8 8 82.304 0.4 32.9216 13.16864 4.389546667
2 Top Flange 190 10 19 1.3 24.7 32.11 258.0833333
3 Web 430 8 34.4 23.3 801.52 18675.42 5300.466667
4 Bottom flange 340 10 34 45.3 1540.2 69771.06 2.833333333
Total 169.704 2399.342 88491.75 5565.77288
yt = 2399.3416 / 169.704
= 14.138392 cm
yb = 45.8 - 14.13839155
= 31.661608 cm
Ixx = 5565.7729 + 88491.75464 - 169.704 * 14.13839 * 14.13839
= 60134.697 cm4
Ztt = 60134.697 / 14.13839155 45218 / 25
= 4253.2912 cm3 1808.72
Zbb = 60134.697 / 31.66160845
= 1899.2938 cm3
Total B.M. at centre = 2.23421422 + 25.50688
= 28.95 tm
Total shear force at end = 27.005 ton
Stress at top = 2895000 / 4253.29121
= 680.64937 Kg/cm2
Stress at bottom = 2895000 / 1899.293796
= 1524.2508 Kg/cm2 < 1550 Kg/cm2 OK
Shear stress = = 27004.8589 / ( 0.8 * 43 )
= 785.02497 Kg/cm2 < 950 Kg/cm2 OK
Deflection due to Live Load
15.440 15.440
1.652 1.8 1.652
W a* (3L2-4a2)/24EI
5.104 m
Max deflection = 15440 * 510.4 ^3 /( 6 * 2040000 * 60134.7 ) * ( ( 3/4* 1.652 / 5 - ( 1.652 / 5.00)^3)
= 2.789156 * ( 0.24275078 - 0.033908 )
= 2.789156 * 0.2088431
= 0.582496 cm 3.42159E+11
Permissible deflection = 510.4 / 800 0.323667712 71457558329
= 0.638 cm 0.208843099 0.582495912
Design of Steel deck
Thickness of flooring = 8 mm
Dead load of flooring = 0.008 * 7850
= 62.8 Kg/m2
Bending moment = 62.8 * 0.26^2 / 8
= 0.53066 Kgm/m
Live Load
IRC Class B governs
Maximumm wheel load of 3.4 ton is placed at centre of span for max. dispersion is considered 2 H : 1V with chequered plate thickness as 8 mm
Dispersion size of wheel = ( 380 +32) * ( 200 +32)
= 412 * 232
Load with impact = 3.4 * 1.55
= 5.27 ton
y = 0.3 * 0.26 + 0.232
= 0.31 m
x = 0.412 m
Load per meter = 5.27 / ( 0.31 * 0.412 )
= 41.262136 t/m2
B.M. = 41.26214 * 0.26 ^2 / 8
= 0.348665 tm/m
Total B.M. = 0.000531 + 0.34866505
= 0.349196 tm/m
I = 1 * 0.008 ^3/12
= 4.27E-08 m4
= 4.2667 cm4
Zt = 10.667 cm3
Zb = 10.667 cm4
Stress at top = 34919.571 / 10.667
= 3273.7098 Kg/cm2
< 1836 Kg/cm2
Check for deflection
W = 41.26214 ton/m
= 412.6214 Kg/cm
deflection = 5/384 * 412.62136 * 26 ^ 4/ ( 2040000 * 4.266667 )
= 0.282075 cm
Permissible deflection = 26 / 800
= 0.0325 cm

Design of 73m Steel Bridge Over Indus River

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Design of 73m Steel Bridge Over Indus River

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DESIGN OF STEEL BRIDGE OVER INDUS 73 M SPAN

DESIGN DATA FOR SUPERSTRUCTURE(73 M BRIDGE)

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