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vo and
'
vo
Stress
Reduction
Factor (r
d
)
125
Length of Drill Rod Depth, z (m)
0 5 10 15 20 25
C
R
.7
.8
.9
1.0
C
R
= (15+z)/24 for 3 < z < 9 m
C
R
= 0.75 for z 3 m
C
R
= 1.0 for z 9 m
Fines Content, FC (% finer than 0.075 mm)
0 10 20 30 40 50
(N
1
)
60
0
2
4
6
8
10
(N
1
)
60
= 0 for FC 5 %
(N
1
)
60
= 7(FC-5)/30 for 5 < FC < 35 %
(N
1
)
60
= 7 for FC 35 %
Figure 7.2. Correction factor (C
R
) for length of drill rod.
Figure 7.3. Correction factor (N
1
)
60
for fines content.
Linear approximation:
Recommended values
126
Clean-sand Equivalent (N
1
)
60
0 10 20 30 40 50
C
y
c
l
i
c
R
e
s
i
s
t
a
n
c
e
R
a
t
i
o
,
C
R
R
M
=
7
.
5
0.0
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
34 - (N
1
)
60
For (N
1
)
60
30:
Points taken from
NCEER base curve
(N
1
)
60
100 CRR
M=7.5
=
1
2
-
1.3
95
+
Figure 7.4. Base curve for getting CRR
M=7.5
from corrected SPT blowcount.
127
Earthquake Moment Magnitude, M
w
5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5
M
a
g
n
i
t
u
d
e
S
c
a
l
i
n
g
F
a
c
t
o
r
,
M
S
F
0.0
.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
Used in EPOLIQAN:
Range of values recommended for NCEER method
For M
w
<7.0: MSF = 10
3.00
* M
w
-3.46
For M
w
>7.0: MSF = 10
2.24
* M
w
-2.56
Figure 7.5. Magnitude scaling factors for computing CRR.
128
0.00 .25 .50 .75 1.00
D
e
p
t
h
(
m
)
0
10
20
30
Minimum, Maximum
Average values
Tokimatsu & Yoshimi
Range given by Seed & Idriss (1971):
0.00 .25 .50 .75 1.00
0
10
20
30
Liao & Whitman (1986b)
Stress Reduction Factor (r
d
)
0.00 .25 .50 .75 1.00
D
e
p
t
h
(
m
)
0
10
20
30
Stress Reduction Factor (r
d
)
0.00 .25 .50 .75 1.00
0
10
20
30
Kayen et al. (1992)
Figure 7.6. Approximations for the stress reduction factor (r
d
) used in computing CSR.
(1983)
Quartic polynomial
used in EPOLIQAN
(Equation 7.11)
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
129
Figure 7.7. Interpolation of SPT data in EPOLIQAN to predict the liquefied thickness.
S
i
l
t
y
S
a
n
d
S
a
n
d
C
l
a
y
Boring
Log
Measured
N
SPT
Clean-sand
Equivalent (N
1
)
60
Cyclic Stress
Ratio (CSR)
Interpolated
Cyclic
Resistance
Ratio (CRR)
Liquefaction Analysis
L
i
q
u
e
f
i
e
d
S
o
i
l
130