DESIGNOFAWATER DISTRIBUTIONSYSTEMFORPROPOSEDBDC

HOUSINGDEVELOPMENTSCHEMEAT BLOCK 8 KLAUH LAND

DISTRICT, SRIAMAN DIVISION
GRACIECHONGSHIHCHIN
Aproposeddesignprojectreportsubmittedinpartialfulfillmentfor
DegreeofBachelorofEngineering(Hons) CivilEngineeringin
UniversityMalaysiaSarawak
1999/2000
DedicatedtomyBelovedFamilyandFriends
Thanksforeverything...
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II
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The student wishes to express her highest gratitude and thanks to her
lecturer and supervisor Dr. Nabil Bessaih, for the project. He had guided
and helped the student a lot throughout the project and provided many
useful advice and suggestions. Special thanks to PU Engineering Sdn.
Bhd., especially to Mr. Monirul Islam, for giving a chance to the student to
do a design on that project. The engineer of PU Engineering Sdn. Bhd., Cik
Sharifah Raha bte Wan Abdul Rahman for assistance in providing
information, advice and materials needed for the project.
Gracie Chong Shih Chin
ABSTRACT
J
Water affects the life of every human on Earth. A water distribution system
is needed to transport water from a source to a user. Therefore, the system
has to be designed to consistently provide water in sufficient quantity to
users at an acceptable pressure as economically as possible. This
dissertation is about the design of the system for the proposed BDC
Housing Development Scheme at Block 8 Klauh Land District, Sri Aman
Division. The design is based on Malaysia Jabatan Kerja Raya (JKR)
Standards, which was adapter to MWA Design Guidelines for Water Supply
Systems. The size and type of pipes were determined to meet the
requirement of the Standards. The WaterCAD software that developed by
Haestad Method Inc. was used to perform the analysis of the system.
Several demand scenarios were analyzed for the system such as average
daily demand, peak hour demand and critical demand at junction.
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ABSTRAK
Air mempunyai peranan yang sangat penting di dalam kehidupan manusia.
Untuk membekalkan air kepada pengguna-pengguna, satu sistem pembekalan
air yang ekonomi dan sesuai dengan jumiah kuantiti yang mencukupi dan
tekanan yang memenuhi syarat periu direkabentukkan. Tesis ini menerangkan
proses rekabentuk sistem pembekalan air bagi projek "BDC Housing
Development Scheme at Block 8 Klauh Land District, Sri Aman Division."
Rekabentuk tersebut berdasarkan syarat-syarat atau paduan-padaun Jabatan
Kerja Raya Malaysia (JKR). Saiz dan jenis-jenis paip yang periu digunakan
dipilih berdasarkan peraturan-peraturan JKR tersebut. Perisian WaterCAD
yang dihakcipta oleh Haestad Method Inc. di Amerika Syarikat digunakan
untuk menganalisis rekebentuk system tersebut. Keputusan analisis boleh
diperolehi daripada perisian ini dalam tiga jenis senario iaitu keperluan harian
purata, kegunaan puncak seharian dan perminataan genting dengan system
pencegahan bakaran.
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TABLEOFCONTENTS
Page
APPROVALSHEET i
ABSTRACT
iii
iv
ABSTRAK
LISTOFAPPENDICES XlI
v
TABLEOFCONTENTS vi
LISTOFTABLES x
LISTOFFIGURES xi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 ProjectBackground 1
1.2 ShoppingandHousingArea
1.3 Objective 2
CHAPTER 2: WATER SUPPLYSYSTEM 4
2.1 Introduction 4
4 2.2 DesignProcedures
2.3 Thesourceofsupply 6
6 2.4 EstimationofHousingUnits
7 2.5 WaterDemand
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2.5.1 WaterdemandEStimation 7
2.5.2 Servicefactor 7
2.5.3 Provisionalforadditionalwaterdemand 8
2.5.4 WaterdemandCalculation 10
2.5.5 Totalwaterdemandwithadditionaldemand10
2.5.6 Maximumdailydemand 11
2.5.7 PeakConsumption 11
2.5.8 Criticalwaterdemand 12
CHAPTER 3: WATERDISTRIBUTIONSYSTEM 13
3.1 Introduction 13
3.2 Typeofdistributionsystem 13
3.3 Reticulationpipelinedesign 14
3.4 Pipes 15
3.4.1 Pipematerials 15
3.4.2 Pipediameterselection 22
3.5 Recommendedresidualpressure 24
3.6 Flowvelocity 25
3.7 Demandfluctuation 25
3.8 Headlosscalculation 25
3.8.1 Majorfrictionlosses 25
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26 3.8.2 Minorfriction losses
3.9 Reticulationnetwork 29
3.10 ValvesandFittings 30
CHAPTER 4: METHOD OFANALYSIS 31
4.1 IntroductionofWaterCAD 31
4.2 Typesofanalysis 31
4.2.1 Steadystateanalysis 32
4.2.2 Extendedperiodanalysis 32
4.3 InputData 33
4.4 ResultofAnalysis 37
Case 1: Average dailydemand 37
Case2: PeakConsumption 39
Case3: CriticalDemandatJunctionJ-2 41
Case3: CriticalDemandatJunctionJ-6 43
Case3: CriticalDemandatJunctionJ-7 45
Case3: CriticalDemandatJunctionJ-8 47
Case3: CriticalDemandatJunctionJ-9 49
Case3: CriticalDemandatJunctionJ-10 51
Case3: CriticalDemandatJunctionJ-l1 53
.
Case3: CriticalDemandatJunctionJ-12 55
Case3: CriticalDemandatJunctionJ-13 57
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59 Case3: CriticalDemandatJunctionJ-14
Case3: CriticalDemandatJunctionJ-15 61
4.5 Discussion 63
4.5.1 NormalConsumption& PeakConsumption 63
4.5.2 Criticaldemandforfire hydrant 63
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSIONAND RECOMMENDATION 65
5.1 Conclusion 65
5.2 Recommendation 65
REFERENCE 66
APPENDIX 68
ix
LISTOFTABLES
,.-"
Page
Table2.1: FireFlowRequirement(Table 14.18- JKRStandards) 9
Table 3.1: Principal advantages and limitations of selected water supply
Table3.2: Pipes and their recommended use (Table 14.10 - JKR
Table3.3: Maximumpermissibleworkingpressurefor DI pipe (Table 14.9
Table 3.5: Thickness and diameter ofductile iron (DI) pipe (Table 14.4 -
Table3.6: Roughness values and coefficients (Table 14.14 - JKR
pipematerials(Table 14.2- JKRStandards) 15
Standards) 20
- JKRStandards) 21
Table3.4: Recommendedmaximumworkingpressurefor HDPEpipes 22
JKRStandards) 23
Standards) 26
Table3.7: Minorpipelinelosses(Table 14.15- JKRStandards) 27
x
LIST OF FIGURES
Page
Figure 1.1: Site layout plan
3
Figure 3.1: Gravity system
14
Figure 3.2: Reticulation network
29
Figure 4.1: Layout of the reticulation network in WaterCad
33
xi
LISTOFAPPENDICES
Appendix
Page
A
Pressure head of Existing Water Main
69
B
Diameter and wall thickness of PE80
70
c
Survey Plan
71
xii
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CHAPTER 1:INTRODUCTION
1.1 PROJECTBACKGROUND
This is a design project of a water distribution system for BDC
Housing Development Scheme at Sri Arnan Division. The project
consistsofa shoppingareaanda housingarea.
Thepartiesinvolvedintheprojectare: -
Client: Borneo Development Corporation (Sarawak) Sdn.
Bhd. TopFloor,ElectraHouse,PowerStreet,
P.O. Box342,93704Kuching.
C & S Engineer:PUEngineeringSdn.Bhd.
Civil& StructuralConsultingEngineers
Lot 349 & 350, 1
st
& 2nd Floor, Rubber
Road,
P.O. BoxB39,93860Kuching.
1.2 SHOPPINGAND HOUSINGAREA
Theprojectconsistsofthefollowingbuildings: - (Figure 1.1)
a) 10unitsofonestoreyshophouses
.
b) 52unitsofdoublestoreyshophouses
c) 262unitsoflowcosthouses
d) 64unitsofdoublestoreyterracehouses
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e} 22 units of semi-detached houses
f) 5 units of detached houses
g) A petrol station
h) A Surau.
1.3 OBJECTIVE
The objective of this project is to design a suitable and economical
water distribution system for the project that delivers water to
consumers in the area in the required quantity and under a
satisfactory pressure. The design is based on JKR Sarawak
Standards and Malaysia Jabatan Kerja Raya (JKR) Standards, which
was adapter to MWA Design Guidelines for Water Supply Systems.
2
Figure1.1:Sitelayoutplan
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CHAPTER 2:WATERSUPPLYSYSTEM
2.1 INTRODUCTION
Awatersupplysystemisdesignedto deliverwaterto theconsumers
withappropriatequantityandpressure. Theelementsthatmakeup
watersupplysysteminclude: -
a) Thesourcesofsupply
b) Storagefacilities
c) Transmission(to treatment)facilities
d) Treatmentfacilities
e) Transmission (from treatment) andintermediate storagefacilities
(to servicearea)
f) Distributionfacilities
Inthisproject, thedistributionfacilities aredesignedandanalyzed.
2.2 DESIGN PROCEDURES
The procedures used in the design ofwater supply system for the
proposedprojectareasfollows: -
a) Sourceofsupply
In the project, the water is supplied by a tapping off point from
...
the water main that lay along the main road, which is Jalan
SerianSimanggang.
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=
b) Calculatethenumberoftypeofhousingunits
The numberoftype ofhousingunit set outin the estate site
layoutplanisusedtoestimatethewaterdemand.
c) Waterdemand
The basic formula for water demand estimation for housing
estatesisobtainedintheMalaysianJKRStandards.
Thevalueisgivingthewaterdemandforoneday.
d) Waterdistributionandreticulationnetwork
The water distribution network is designed based on the site
layoutplan. Mostofthepipesarelaidadjacenttoroadssoas
provide easy access for maintenance, and deadends shallbe
avoided.
e) Detailinformationforthedistributionnetwork
Someofthedetailinformationforthenetworkcanbeobtained
in the Malaysian JKR Standards such as pipes material,
classification and type of pipes, joints, fittings, valves, pipe
diameter selection, design factors in pipe sizing and fire flow
requirement.
f) Methodologyforthenetworkanalysis
The network will be analyzed by using computer software
...
WaterCAD that developed by Haestad Methods Inc. (USA).
Theanalysiswill bedonefor threedifferentdemandscenarios
5
to checkthe adequacy ofthe systemfor these three different
conditions. Thethreedemandscenariosareasbelow: -
1. Averagedailydemand
2. Peakhourdemand
3. Criticaldemand.
2.3 THE SOURCE OF SUPPLY
The water main lay along Jalan Serian Simanggang with 29.97m
level is the sources ofwater supply for the project. From the test
data that obtained from Sri Arnan Water Board (Appendix A), the
minimumavailablepressureheadoftheexistingwatermainis32m.
2.4 ESTIMATION OF HOUSING UNITS
From the site layoutplan, the numberandtype ofhousingunits is
set out, and for designing purposes, the following water demand or
perunitconsumptionhavebeenagreedto asbeingreasonablebyall
theStateWaterAuthoritiesinMalaysia: -
LowCostHouses 910liters/unit/day
Singlestoreyterracehouses 1360liters/unit/day
Semi-detached/ double storey 1590liters/unit/day
terracehouses
Shophouses(2 storey) 2730liters/unit/day

Shophouses(3 storey) 4090liters/unit/day
Shophouses(4 storey) 4550liters/unit/ day
Bungalows/shophouses(singlestorey) - 2270liters/unit/day
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2.5 WATERDEMAND
Water demand is the total amount of water needed by the consumers
in the area of their needs and activities in a specified period of time.
The amount of water demand varies from season to season, day to
day and hour to hour, depending on climate, topographic,
characteristics of the environmental concern, population,
industrialization and other factors.
2.5.1 WATER DEMAND ESTIMATION
Based on Malaysian JKR Standards, the water demand
formula for housing estate is as follows: -
W = ~ N x C) x F + D.
Where: W =Average daily water demand
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N =Number of type of house
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C = Per unit consumption
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F =Service factor
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Da = Additional water demand
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2.5.2 SERVICE FACTOR
The service factor is the potential percentage of popUlation
served. For instance, the water distribution system cover 90%
of the area will give a service factor equal to 0.90, but it does
'"
not necessarily mean that 90% of the populations in the area
have service connections. Service factor vary from state to
state and also district to district. For the project, service
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factor of 1.0 is used means that water is supplied to all the
housesfbuildings.
2.5.3 PROVISIONAL FOR ADDITIONAL WATER DEMAND
With reference to Malaysian JKR Standards, the additional
water shall be providing for new developments such as
industrial estate, resettlement scheme or a new town or
housing developments. For this project, as the number of type
of housing units is calculated for the future developments,
thus there are no additional demand required. However, fire
flow requirement must be considered for the design purpose.
Refer to Table 2.1 that outline in the JKR Standards as Table
14.18, the recommended risk category of fire flow requirement
is Class D with average total flow 1140 literf min and the
maximum number of hydrant outlets used simultaneously is
one unit. Moreover, The JKR Sarawak Standards recommends
that the water of fire flow requirement is discharge in 50
minutes duration with average flow 15literfsecond.
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,.....
Table 2.1: Fire Flow Requirement (Table 14.18 - JKR
Standards)
Average Spanning Maximum No.
Total (m) Of Hydrant
Flow Outlets Used
(l/min) Simultaneously
Class A Risk
Large buildings,
shopping
complexes, high-rise
4100 90 3 @ 1370 l/min
buildings, large
industrial estates,
warehouse and
ports.
Class BRisk
Congested areas
with buildings up to 2700 90 2 @ 1370 I/min
5 storey
Class C Risk
Shop house up to 3
storey, light 1370 90 1
industry
Class D Risk 120-
Residential terrace terrace
house, detached, 150
1140 I
semi detached. detached
/semi-
..
detached
Class E Risk
680 180 1
Others
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2.5.4 WATERDEMANDCALCULATION
The calculation of water demand without providing any fIre
demand based on the formula above is as follows: -
Per unit
Type of Houses Unit consumption Total
liters/unit/ day liters/day
,
Low cost houses 262 910 238,420
Double storey terrace houses 64 1590 101,760
Semi-detached houses 22 1590 34,980
Detached houses 5 2270 11,350
Single storey shop houses 10 2270 22,700
Double storey shop houses 52 2730 141,960
Petrol station 1 500 500
Surau 1 5,000 5,000,
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Total water demand without additional water
demand (liters!day) 556,670
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2.5.5 TOTAL WATERDEMANDWITHADDITIONALDEMAND
The total water demand that shall be supplied is as follows: -
The Total Water demand
Fire flow
Water
= in housing +
requirement
Demand estate
(151/s x 60s/min
556,670 1/ day +
x 50 min/day)
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45,0001jday
= 556,670 1/ day +
=
601,670ljday
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