Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
000 , 735
L = Length of Free Pipe (ft)
L = Length of Stretch (in)
F = Incremental Force (lbs)
W = Weight of Drill Pipe (lb/ft)
Locating the Problem:
Where are we stuck?
Pipe Stretch Measurements
Free Point Tool
Review Stuck Pipe Handbook Procedures
Stuck Here
Pull On DP
Measure Stretch
Here
Measure Stretch
Here
Free
Point
Tool
Solids Induced Stuck Pipe
Jarring
Back off and wash over
Secondary Procedures
Differential Sticking
Attack Filter Cake -- Spotting Fluid
Spot within 4 hrs of sticking
Omit after 16 hrs
Rule of Thumb - Soak minimum 20 hrs and a
maximum 40 hrs
Secondary Procedures
Pipe Releasing Agents
Spotting Fluids
Pump shear thinning spacer
Viscosity: 100 rpm value > drilling mud
50 to 100 bbl spacer
Calculate volume of PRA - Example
Spot at highest allowable pump rate
Work pipe (up/down, torque) while soaking
Differential Sticking
Reduce Hydrostatic
Cut Mud Weight
U Tube - Kick it free
Caution - Well May Come In
Back Off and Wash Over
Secondary Procedures
Mechanical Sticking
Jar in opposite direction of last pipe
movement
Back Off and Wash Over
Secondary Procedures
Acid Pills
Calcium Formations, Strip Filter Cake
Typically 7.5% to 15% HCl
Cover stuck zone
Pump acid quickly to bit
Large water spacers
Work pipe while soaking
Circulate out after 5 minutes
Secondary Procedures
Fresh Water Pills
Mobile Salt
Cover stuck zone plus 20 bbl inside drill
string
OBM - Viscous weighted spacer
Maintain overpull while soaking
Repeat after 2 hrs
Secondary Procedures
Drilling Jars - Benefits
Jar stuck pipe immediately
Minimize fishing / sidetrack potential
Minimize surface loads (safety)
Something to do while waiting on tools
Mechanical Jars
Most basic type of jar
Sliding sleeve inside shoulder sleeve
Holding mechanism locks hammer
Overpull stretches drill string
Sudden release when holding mechanism is
overcome
Mechanical Jars - Advantages
Remain locked until loaded
More freedom of placement in string
No special tripping procedures
Do not jar unexpectedly
Short jar cycle
Cost
Availability
Mechanical Jars - Disadvantages
Load may not be varied
Jarring immediate once load is reached
Large shock to hoisting equipment
Rig may not pull over holding force
Difficult to load in deviated wellbores
Hydraulic Jars
Oil reservoir w/ orifice & bypass valve
Oil bleeds slowly until piston reaches
bypass valve
Hydraulic delay
Hydraulic Jars - Advantages
Allows time to set drilling brake
No torque needed to operate
Torque does not affect load
Varied impact force
Use in deviated holes
Hydraulic Jars - Disadvantages
May jar unexpectedly
Tripping more time consuming
Longer jar cycle
More expensive
Availability
Reasons Jars Fail to Fire
Incorrect weight - calculation incorrect
Pump open force exceeds compression
force
Stuck above jar
Jar mechanism failed
Jar not cocked
Drag too high to load jar
Reasons Jars Fail to Fire (cont.)
Jar firing not felt at surface
Torque trapped in mechanical jar
No patience
Accelerators - Functions
Compensate for short string
Compensate for hole drag slowing
contraction
Act as a reflector to jar shock wave
Intensify jar blow
Jar / Accelerator Placement
Considerations
Sticking point
Jar direction required
Differential risk
Neutral point of tension / compression
Buckling point
Drag in the hole section
Depth of hole section
Placement - Vertical Holes
Above buckling point at maximum WOB
Two DCs above jars
No stabilizers above jars
Accelerators needed in shallow hole
sections
Placement - Deviated Holes
Do not run jars buckled
Avoid tension / compression neutral point
Calculate measured weight reading required
Account for hole drag
Jar Placement Programs
Do not typically account for buckling
Accurately calculate and account for pump
open forces
Maximize jar impact at stuck point
Example - Griffith Oil Tools
Fishing - Overshots
Catches OD of fish
Right hand torque operated
Always run a bumper sub
Circulating sub
Basket grapple
More sturdy, Easier to release
Spiral grapple
Stronger hold, Use in slim hole
Wall hooks
Fishing - Spears
Catches ID of pipe
Consider stop ring
Risk back off of wash pipe
Rope spears
Fishing - Taps
Use when overshot or spear cannot be used
Taper Tap - Screws inside fish
Box Tap - Screws over fish
Cannot be released & subject to breakage
String shot cannot be run through taper tap
Excessive torque will split box tap
Fishing - Junk
Magnets
Junk Baskets
Confusion Blocks
Mills
Pilot, Tapered, Concave, Flat-Bottom, Section,
Fluted, Watermelon
Fishing - Milling
Pilot
Tapered
Concave
Flat-Bottom
Section
Fluted
Watermelon
Washover Operations
Run minimum size required - clearance
inside, " clearance outside
Maximum length 600' drill pipe, 300' BHA
Conditioning trip
Easy to differentially stick
Run jars in deeper hole sections
Steady feed when cutting formation
Jerky feed when going over tool joints
Washover Shoes
Short tooth mills (mill tooth) for medium to
hard formations
Long tooth mills for soft formations
Cut faster
Hang easier
Harder to get over top of fish
Flat bottom for stabilizers, reamers, tool
joints, etc.
Solving the Problem:
What do we do now?
THE OTHER OPTION:
S I D E T R A C K
Free Point and Back Off as Deep as Possible
Go Around the Fish
What Do We Do Now?
Sidetrack or Fish?
Its Purely a Matter of Economics
Sidetrack is a good choice when:
Fish Inexpensive or Recovery Unlikely
Hole is Cheap (read Fast) to Drill
Soft Formation - Easy to Kick Off
Spread Rate (Total Daily Cost) is HIGH