Singapore, 26

th
of June 2014
Martin Schmied, INFRAS AG
A !tematic approach to"ard efficient
#ogitic and green freight
INFRAS
Agenda
$ Approach to"ard efficient #ogitic and green freight $ 26th of June 2014 $ Martin Schmied
1. Key elements of a green freight strategy
2% &'emp#ar! option for greening freight tranport
(% From option to a nationa# action p#an
2
INFRAS
Green logistic in Europe focus on GHG emissions
and costs to identify in!in!situations
$ Approach to"ard efficient #ogitic and green freight $ 26th of June 2014 $ Martin Schmied (
Ecology
Social Economic
Green
"ogistics
Ressources
Greenhous gas
emissions
Air
pollutions
"and
consumption
Noise
Reduction of
G)G emiion
Reduction of
fue# and energ!
conumption
Reduction of cot
# in!in!situation
INFRAS
$!%& of the glo'al direct greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions are caused 'y the logistic sector
$ Approach to"ard efficient #ogitic and green freight $ 26th of June 2014 $ Martin Schmied 4
Source* +or#d &conomic Forum ,
Accenture, cited -! Mc.innon 2012%
/ogitic i more than
the freight tranport
a compreheni0e
green #ogitic trateg!
hou#d -e addre a##
topic
*+,- particularly road
transport is the
dominating source for
GHG emissions of
logistic sector (also
important for air
pollutants and noise)
Focus of
today
INFRAS
Starting point for a green freight strategy in
road transport- .alculation of GHG emissions
$ Approach to"ard efficient #ogitic and green freight $ 26th of June 2014 $ Martin Schmied 1
./
0
emissions #
1eight of shipment 2 3istance 2 Specific ./
0
emissions
Air pollutants (e.g.
N/45 particulate
matters)
Greenhouse gas
emissions (e.g. ./0)
Noise
land
consumption
5 tons 1.000 km 100 g CO
2
/ tkm x x
GHG emission calculation and 6
6potentials for GHG emission reductions
INFRAS
A7/I3
SHIF,
I89R/7E
F+E"
9ossi'le options for greening the
road freight transport- /:er:ie
$ Approach to"ard efficient #ogitic and green freight $ 26th of June 2014 $ Martin Schmied 6
Shift to other mode of
transport
Impro:e fuel efficiency
of :ehicles- ,echnology
and operation
./
0
emissions #
1eight of shipment 2 3istance 2 Specific ./
0
emissions
/ptimi;e :ehicle
utilisation- empty
trips5 load factor5 si;e
Reduce a:erage
haul distance
A:oiding transport and
reducing eight
+se alternati:e fuels
and dri:e systems
INFRAS
Impact of empty trips5 load factor and
:ehicles si;e on GHG emissions of truc<s
= > $?&
= > 0$?&
= > 0??&
$ Approach to"ard efficient #ogitic and green freight $ 26th of June 2014 $ Martin Schmied 2
Source* 3aed on """%ecotranit%org%
INFRAS
Green logistic strategies ha:e allays to 'e
adopted to the local situation
6 *+, the use of 'igger truc<s depends on road infrastructures5 handling
systems5 commodity mi25 structure of the logistic sector
.omparison of Indian and European long!hail truc<s-
Source* -aed on Mc.innon 2012%
>0$!%?&
of ./
0
emissions
per t<m
$ Approach to"ard efficient #ogitic and green freight $ 26th of June 2014 $ Martin Schmied 4
INFRAS
Impact of modes of transport on GHG
emissions of truc<s
$ Approach to"ard efficient #ogitic and green freight $ 26th of June 2014 $ Martin Schmied 5
1ithout 'lac<
car'on
= !$?!@?&
Source* 3aed on """%ecotranit%org%
INFRAS
Impact of ne :ehicles and additional
measures on GHG emissions of truc<s
$ Approach to"ard efficient #ogitic and green freight $ 26th of June 2014 $ Martin Schmied 10
In short!term
additional
measures li<e
lo rolling
resistance tyres
or eco!dri:ing
are :ery
important
In mid!term
hy'ridisation
ill allo
larger impro:e!
ments
Source* 3aed on """%ecotranit%org%
INFRAS
Impact of fuels used on GHG emissions
of truc<s
$ Approach to"ard efficient #ogitic and green freight $ 26th of June 2014 $ Martin Schmied 11
Source* 3aed on """%ecotranit%org, &N 16214%
Not sustaina'le-
Indirect "and
+se .hange
(I"+.)A
INFRAS
Key elements of a green freight strategy ith
focus on road transport
$ Approach to"ard efficient #ogitic and green freight $ 26th of June 2014 $ Martin Schmied 12
A7/I3
Reducing freight
:olume and haul
distance
A:oiding
empty trips
Increasing load
factor
Appropriate
:ehicle si;es
SHIF,
Shifting road
transport to non!
motorised traffic
Shifting
road transport
to rail
Shifting road
transport to
ship
I89R/7E
,echnologies for
fuel efficient
truc<s
/perational
measures
Reduction of air
pollutantsBnoise
F+E"
+sing alternati:e
fuels and dri:e
systems
Impro:ing
fuel Cuality
GREEN FREIGH, (R/A3 ,RANS9/R,)
INFRAS
Agenda
$ Approach to"ard efficient #ogitic and green freight $ 26th of June 2014 $ Martin Schmied
1% .e! e#ement of a green freight trateg!
0. E2emplary options for greening freight transport
(% From option to a nationa# action p#an
1(
INFRAS
A:oiding road freight transport 'y logistic
optimi;ation- E2amples
$ Approach to"ard efficient #ogitic and green freight $ 26th of June 2014 $ Martin Schmied 14
A7/I3
Reducing freight
:olume and haul
distance
A:oiding
empty trips
Increasing load
factor
Appropriate
:ehicle si;es
INFRAS
Reducing freight :olume and haul distance-
Inno:ati:e city logistic concept
$ Approach to"ard efficient #ogitic and green freight $ 26th of June 2014 $ Martin Schmied 11
9ilot proDect in Nurem'erg (Germany)- *e:erage logistics
3irect supply-
$ 2 E # F? relationships
$ Shipper
,oday
$ Shipper E .ustomer
3irect supply-
$ 2 E # F?
relationships
E .ustomer
Supply :ia 2!3oc<-
$ > E # 1G relationships
,rans!
shipment
center
*undling
effect reduce
:ehicle <ilometres
tra:elled 'y G0&H
Future
A7/I3
Reducing freight
:olume and haul
distance
A:oiding
empty trips
Increasing load
factor
Appropriate
:ehicle si;es
INFRAS
A:oiding empty trips- Internet!'ased freight
e2changes
$ Approach to"ard efficient #ogitic and green freight $ 26th of June 2014 $ Martin Schmied 16
A7/I3
Reducing freight
:olume and haul
distance
A:oiding
empty trips
Increasing load
factor
Appropriate
:ehicle si;es
E2ample of internet!'ased freight e2changes
Similar measure- .orporate alliances for general cargo
INFRAS
Increasing load factor- Impro:ements 'y
cooperation of shippers and logistic companies
$ Approach to"ard efficient #ogitic and green freight $ 26th of June 2014 $ Martin Schmied 12
A7/I3
Reducing freight
:olume and haul
distance
A:oiding
empty trips
Increasing load
factor
Appropriate
:ehicle si;es
E2ample- IKEA tea lights
6ea #ight are pac7ed in -o'e 8not
an! more #ooe#! in a -ag9
:er pa#ette (,600 intead of 2,100 tea
#ight cou#d -e tranported 8increae*
more than 40;9
+or#d"ide the tranport of 14,000
pa##et and 400 6&< 86"ent!=foot
&>ui0a#ent <nit9 cou#d -e a0oided
that eCuates to a reduction of
mileages 'y around G?&
imi#ar approache are rea#ied -!
other companie 8e%g% 3S) 3och und
Siemen )auger?te Gm-)9
INFRAS
Shifting road freight transport to more
en:ironmental!friendly modes- E2amples
$ Approach to"ard efficient #ogitic and green freight $ 26th of June 2014 $ Martin Schmied 14
SHIF,
Shifting road
transport to non!
motorised traffic
Shifting
road transport
to rail
Shifting road
transport to
ship
INFRAS
Shifting road freight transport to rail- Need of
ne infrastructure (and funding)
$ Approach to"ard efficient #ogitic and green freight $ 26th of June 2014 $ Martin Schmied 15
SHIF,
Shifting road
transport to non!
motorised traffic
Shifting
road transport
to rail
Shifting road
transport to
ship
E2ample Sit;erland- .onstruction of ne railay tunnels
"Itsch'erg
tunnel- G$ <m5
opening 0??@5
F 'n Euro
Gotthard
tunnel- $@ <m5
opening 0?1@5
1? 'n Euro
Funding 'y introduction of a hea:y duty :ehicle charge
('ased on popular :ote)
INFRAS
Shifting road freight transport to rail-
International harmoni;ation needed
$ Approach to"ard efficient #ogitic and green freight $ 26th of June 2014 $ Martin Schmied 20
SHIF,
Shifting road
transport to non!
motorised traffic
Shifting
road transport
to rail
Shifting road
transport to
ship
E2ample- Electrification systems across Europe
E2ample- "oading gauges in Europe
/o of time
if !tem change
Need of pecia#
e>uipment 8e%g%
mu#ti=current
#ocomoti0e9
Internationa#
harmoni@ation
needed to peed=
up the cro=order
traffic
INFRAS
Impro:ing the fuel efficiency of truc<s and
reducing air pollutants and noise- E2amples
$ Approach to"ard efficient #ogitic and green freight $ 26th of June 2014 $ Martin Schmied 21
I89R/7E
,echnologies for
fuel efficient
:ehicles
/perational
measures
Reduction of air
pollutantsBnoise
INFRAS
/ptions to impro:e the fuel consumption of
:ehicles- Impro:ements 'y different measures
$ Approach to"ard efficient #ogitic and green freight $ 26th of June 2014 $ Martin Schmied 22
I89R/7E
,echnologies for
fuel efficient
:ehicles
/perational
measures
Reduction of air
pollutantsBnoise
9ercent sa:ings in truc<sJ fuel use from se:eral measures
(European situations)-
INFRAS
/ptions to impro:e the fuel consumption of
:ehicles- Impro:ments 'y technologies
$ Approach to"ard efficient #ogitic and green freight $ 26th of June 2014 $ Martin Schmied 2(
I89R/7E
,echnologies for
fuel efficient
:ehicles
/perational
measures
Reduction of air
pollutantsBnoise
GHG reductions potential of all technologies for ne :ehicles
Source: IAA6 2011%
INFRAS
+sing alternati:e fuels and dri:e systems-
E2amples
$ Approach to"ard efficient #ogitic and green freight $ 26th of June 2014 $ Martin Schmied 24
Fuel
+sing alternati:e
fuels and dri:e
systems
Impro:ing
fuel Cuality
INFRAS
+sing alternati:e fuels and dri:e systems-
*iofuels ha:e high en:ironmental impacts (1)
$ Approach to"ard efficient #ogitic and green freight $ 26th of June 2014 $ Martin Schmied 21
Fuel
+sing alternati:e
fuels and dri:e
systems
Impro:ing
fuel Cuality
Source: &M:A et a#% 2012%
Ecological assessment of 1
st
generation 'iofuels-
INFRAS
+sing alternati:e fuels and dri:e systems-
*iofuels ha:e high en:ironmental impacts (0)
$ Approach to"ard efficient #ogitic and green freight $ 26th of June 2014 $ Martin Schmied 26
Fuel
+sing alternati:e
fuels and dri:e
systems
Impro:ing
fuel Cuality
1
st
generation
'iofuels 'ased on
culti:ated 'iomass
ha:e higher impacts
on the en:ironment
than con:entional
fuels
Source: &M:A et a#% 2012%
Ecological assessment of 1
st
generation 'iofuels (Bo i"+.)-
INFRAS
/ptions to impro:e the fuel consumption of
truc<s- ,ruc<s ith alternati:e dri:e systems
$ Approach to"ard efficient #ogitic and green freight $ 26th of June 2014 $ Martin Schmied 22
Fuel
+sing alternati:e
fuels and dri:e
systems
Impro:ing
fuel Cuality
E2amples of electric :ehicles in the freight sector
,rolley truc<s-
Hy'rid truc<- *attery electric :ehicle-
INFRAS
Key elements of a green road freight strategy
and the groups for the 'rea<out sessions
$ Approach to"ard efficient #ogitic and green freight $ 26th of June 2014 $ Martin Schmied 24
A7/I3
Reducing freight
:olume and haul
distance
A:oiding
empty trips
Increasing load
factor
Appropriate
:ehicle si;es
SHIF,
Shifting road
transport to non!
motorised traffic
Shifting
road transport
to rail
Shifting road
transport to
ship
I89R/7E
,echnologies for
fuel efficient
truc<s
/perational
measures
Reduction of air
pollutantsBnoise
F+E"
+sing alternati:e
fuels and dri:e
systems
Impro:ing
fuel Cuality
GREEN FREIGH, (R/A3 ,RANS9/R,)
G
R
/
+
9

F
>
$
G
R
/
9

1
>
0
G
R
/
+
9

G
Group 1>0- "ogistics optimi;ation
Group G- 8odal shift rail
Group F>$- technologies >other measures to reduce fuel consumption of truc<s
INFRAS
Agenda
$ Approach to"ard efficient #ogitic and green freight $ 26th of June 2014 $ Martin Schmied
1% .e! e#ement of a green freight trateg!
2% &'emp#ar! option for greening freight tranport
G. From options to a national action plan
25
INFRAS
9olitical measures and their impact in the
freight transport sector
$ Approach to"ard efficient #ogitic and green freight $ 26th of June 2014 $ Martin Schmied (0
Source: INFRAS%
Key elements
A:oid
8reduction of trip and
ditance9
Shift
8hifting to en0ironmenta#=
friend#! mode9
Impro:e
8impro0ing energ! effi=
cienc!,reducing po##utant9
Fuel
8introducing
c#eaner fue#9
8easures
8ar<et regulations
and access
Regulatory measures
8e%g% -an or incenti0e9
Economic measures
8e%g% ta'e, road charge9
Financing of e2tension or
ne infrastructure
Integrated land use
and transport planning
Su'sidy programmes 8e%g%
RBC, pi#ot proDect9
/utcome
Reduction of
! energy consumption
! ./
0
and GHG
emissions
! air pollutants
! noise
INFRAS
/:er:ie of different categories of political
measures and e2amples from Europe
$ Approach to"ard efficient #ogitic and green freight $ 26th of June 2014 $ Martin Schmied (1
8ar<et access and
regulations
Regulatory
measures
Economic
measures
AE
2
target for 0ehic#e
+ee7end,night #orr! -an
&n0ironmenta# @one
Speed #imit
E-#igator! in=Do- training 8e%g%
eco=dri0ing9
Ad0antage for uer of #o"
emiion 0ehic#e
Acce to rai#"a! net"or7
)omo#ogation re>uirement
8emiion tandard9
)armonied ru#e on 0ehic#e
dimenion
A-o#ihment of ca-otage
Fue# and 0ehic#e ta'e
AE
2
ta'e
Road uer charge or to## 8for
road or area9
6rain path price
:u-#ic pri0ate partnerhip
8:::9
&miion trading !tem
Financing of e2tension
or ne infrastructure
Integrated land use
and transport planning
Su'sidy
programmes
Federa# tranport p#anning
Strategic p#anning for freight
ditri-ution centre and
intermoda# termina#
A#ignment of road
Air po##ution and noie
protection p#an
&'tenion of rai#"a! net"or7
8and "ater"a!9
3ui#ding of ne" termina# for
intermoda# traffic
&'tenion of rai#"a!
iding
Segregation of freight and
paenger rai# traffic
Su-idie , #o" interet rate
for ad0anced introduction of
ne" emiion tandard or for
purchae of ne" truc7
Funding of a#ternati0e fue##ed
0ehic#e
Su-idie cheme for
crapping o#d 0ehic#e
Source: INFRAS%
INFRAS
Effecti:eness of measures depends on changes
in the <ey parameters of freight transport
$ Approach to"ard efficient #ogitic and green freight $ 26th of June 2014 $ Martin Schmied (2
Source: INFRAS%
Influence on freight transport
Go:ernmentB.ities
.osts
,ime Relia'ility Fle2i'ility
8easures
Shipper "ogistic pro:ider
Response of companies
A:oid
Shift
Impro:e Fluel
1hich <ind of
measureA
In hich
IntensenessA
1hich pac<ages of
measures are neededA
INFRAS
,ruc< operators should ha:e an interest in
reducing the fuel consumption of truc<s6
$ Approach to"ard efficient #ogitic and green freight $ 26th of June 2014 $ Martin Schmied ((
Impro:ing fuel efficiency ill
decrease cost apprecia'ly
INFRAS
6'ut <noledge is lo and the financial ris<s
are high for small and medium!si;ed companies
$ Approach to"ard efficient #ogitic and green freight $ 26th of June 2014 $ Martin Schmied (4
Source: .f+2001%
Reasons of German companies for non!implementing of energy sa:ing
measures-
INFRAS
Green freight strategy for road transport-
.onclusions
$ Approach to"ard efficient #ogitic and green freight $ 26th of June 2014 $ Martin Schmied (1
6he 7e! e#ement of a green freight trateg! are
a0oiding tranport -! #ogitic optimi@ation,
hifting tranport to more en0ironmenta#=friend#! mode,
impro0e fue# efficienc! and reducing en0ironmenta# impact -! uing 0ehic#e
techno#ogie and operationa# meaure,
uing c#eaner fue#%
Logistic optimization and improving fuel efficiencies are option "hich ha0e the
potentia# to reduce en0ironmenta# impact and cot at the ame time 8"in="in
o#ution9%
A compreheni0e et of meaure for green freight i a0ai#a-#e, -ut the! mut -e
#oca#i@ed to region and nation -aed on ana#!e of -arrier and -ott#enec7F
furthermore the meaure mut -e com-ined in an optima# "a! 8Gpac7ageH9%
3eide go0ernmenta# meaure action form the #ogitic companie, hipper
and #ogitic aociation are needed to rea#i@e green #ogitic o#ution%
,han< you for your attention
8artin Schmied
)ead of 6ranport and
&n0ironment Ci0iion
INFRAS
Mueh#ematttr% 41
A)=(002 3ern
S"it@er#and
6e# I41 (1 (20 15 16
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