Development of Entrepreneurship

DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP WITH
REFERENCE TO SEVERAL WHOLESALER/RETAILER

IN BARISAL CITY
PATUAKHALI SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

UNIVERSITY
Date of submission: November , 2008
DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP WITH REFERENCE TO SEVERAL WHOLE SALER/RETAILER IN

BARISAL CITY Page 1
DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP
WITH REFERENCE TO SEVERAL WHOLESALER/RETAILER
IN BARISAL CITY
A Report
By
Group no. 02
Level 03; Semester II
Session 2004-2005
COURSE TITLE: ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND SMALL BUSINESS
COURSE CODE: MST 326

BARISAL CITY Page 2
FACULTY OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT
PATUAKHALI SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY
November , 2008
IN BARISAL CITY
SUBMITTED TO
Muhammad Mizanoor Rahman Hawlader

Lecturer

BARISAL CITY Page 3
Department of Marketing
Faculty of Business Administration and Management
SUBMITTED BY
Group no. 02
Level 03, Semester 02
Session 2004-2005
Group List
Abu-Al-Zubair
Registration No. 00677
Roll No.018
Shofiq Uddin Khan

Roll No. 023
Dipayan Chakma
Roll No.017
PATUAKHALI SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY

BARISAL CITY Page 4
Letter of Transmittal
Date: November , 2008
Lecturer
Department of Marketing
Faculty of Business Administration & Management
Patuakhali Science and Technology University
Subject: Submission of report on Development of Entrepreneurship with

reference to several Wholesaler/Retailer in Barisal city
Dear Sir,
Here, we submitting our report on “Development of Entrepreneurship with

reference to several Wholesaler/Retailer in Barisal city” prescribed by you
in your course – Entrepreneurship and Small Business. For this purpose, we have
gone through different books, interview of several respondents like wholesaler
and retailer and class lecture for the relevant information of assigned topic.
Please call me for any further information at your convenient time place.
Yours truly,
Group: 02
Level: 03; Semester: 02
Session: 2004-05

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Contents TEXTS
Abstract -------------------------------------------------
01

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Keywords--------------------------------------------
01
Introduction--------------------------------- 02
Objectives----------------------------------------- 02
Methodology--------------------------------------- 03
Limitation of the Study -------------------------------

04
Rationale of the Study-------------------------------- 04
Results and Discussions--------------------------------

05
Survey Area (Barisal city)------------------------------

06
Socio-Economic Background of Sample Respondents----

07
Age--------------------------------------------------- 07
Education---------------------------------------------- 08
Annual Income--------------------------------------- 09
Family Size-------------------------------------------- 10
Occupational Mobility of Sample Entrepreneurs------

11
Potentialities of Entrepreneurship Development--------

12
Package Program for Entrepreneurship

Development----- 13
How do the sample entrepreneurs look at such a

program?-- 14
SWOT analysis--------------------------------------- 15

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Policy implication---------------------------------------
16
Arrangement of Training Facilities----------------------
17
Integrated Package Assistance------------------------

18
Motivation to Research on Entrepreneurship----------

19
Conclusion ----------------------------------- 19
References------------------------------------
20
Appendix------------------------------------- 21

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IN BARISAL CITY
Abstract
Entrepreneurship is getting wider attention recently with increasing

globalization and also the saturation of the job market due to the recent
downturn in the various economies of the world. Bangladesh also
emphasizes on a more entrepreneurial economy towards accelerating the
economic growth by devoting necessary time and efforts. This study
provides a snapshot of the situation by interpreting the opinion of
respondents. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect data for the
study. A total of 50 interviewers of various shops at Barisal city were
interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The study looked at the
development of entrepreneurship with reference to several departmental
shops\stores rising and subjective norms which are determinants of
entrepreneurial intention and also attempted to find out the mean
difference among the groups. All the determinants were found to be
positively correlated with entrepreneurial intention. Further analysis of the
major variables yielded differences in relation to age, income, education,
parental occupation, family size and also prior experience with
entrepreneurship course/training. Implications for curriculum are further
discussed.

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Keywords: Age, Income, Education, Parental occupation, Family size, Factors Indicating
Potentiality of Entrepreneurship, Adequacy and Efficacy of Package Assistance for
Entrepreneurship Development, Problems of Entrepreneurship.
INTRODUCTION
Entrepreneurship development is a precondition for the economic development of a country.

It produced the forces of change and also used them and eventually became the human
generator that accelerated the pace of development throughout the world. Over the last
several years, some developing countries recorded spectacular growth and success of small
entrepreneurs. It is true that a congenial environment is indispensable to create and develop
effective entrepreneurs in the country. The poor economy of Bangladesh can hardly afford
entrepreneurship development other than in small-scale ventures. In fact, a balance
development of the economy is largely contingent upon small- scale enterprises for a good
many reasons, viz., huge unemployment, technological backwardness, poor infrastructural
frame-work and scarcity of capital etc.
Review of the literature
Review of the literature is helpful to find out the research work and reports with
relevant to the proposed research and report topic. It aims to instruct in designing the
future research problem and examining the validity of new findings. A good number
of researches have been done on entrepreneurship development. A few studies have
already been conducted regarding the topic which has given below:

BARISAL CITY Page 10
• Individual Entrepreneurship Capacity and Performance of SMEs was published by
Leitão, João and Franco, Mário University of Beira Interior, University of Beira
Interior 09. April 2008
• Development Of Entrepreneurship With Reference To Poultry Farms Of Chittagong
this report was prepared by Mohammad Solaiman and Mohammad Tayub
Chowdhury at 2006.\
• Attributes of Entrepreneurs: Personality, was published by Versus Perspective Caron
H. St. John.
Objectives of the Study
The main objective of this study is to pin-point the favorable socioeconomic factors and
relevant issues for entrepreneurship development with particular reference to developing the
departmental stores. In the light of this main objective and the research problem cited above,
the specific objectives of the study have been earmarked as follows:
(i) To bring to focus socio-economic background of sample entrepreneurs.
(ii) To examine the potentialities of entrepreneurship development with reference to sample
different shops.
(iii) To identify the problems faced by sample entrepreneurs.
(iv) To suggest probable lines of action to overcome these problems.
Methodology of the Study
The present study was confined to the Barisal city. The reason for selecting Barisal was based
on the consideration that it will fully represent the picture of a city and be homogeneous in
terms of socio-economic environment.
The main feature of the present study is the extensive use of primary data relevant to socio-
economic factors by the sample entrepreneurs of departmental store. In order to get the
requisite primary data, a structured questionnaire was prepared in the light of the objectives

of the study. A pilot survey was conducted before the finalization of the questionnaire and
expert opinion was also solicited in the finalization of the same. The sizes of sample
entrepreneurs were limited to 50. The technique of purposive sampling was used to select the
respondents. The size of shops is in about 2000 in the study area. Out of these, 50 shops
were chosen for study purpose on purposive sampling basis. The main reasons for limiting
the study to 50 shops of Barisal were easy access of the researchers to the sample shops, time
and financial constraints at the disposal of the researchers. Requisite data and information
were collected through direct interview method by the researchers personally. It may be
mentioned that the data and information of this paper were collected during the period from
July 2008 to September 2008. The relevant and supporting secondary data were collected
through desk study in order to present the fact in a logical format. The desk study covered
textbooks, research articles, research monographs and various published & unpublished
materials on the subject. The data and information, thus collected were processed and
analyzed in order to make the study more attractive, useful and informative to the readers.
Various statistical tools namely average and percentages were used in the study. Factors
indicating growth of entrepreneurs with reference to weighted scores rated departmental
shops. Seven points bi-polar scale systems were used in measuring opinion of the sample
respondents. The analyses of findings are made under the following main captions keeping in
mind the objectives of the study.
Limitation of the Study
This study involves a number of problem and short comings during the conduct of the study
which are given below:
1. They are unwilling to provide sufficient primary data to us to prepare the report.
2. Owners of several shops always try to maintain the secrecy of the information.
3. Lack of proper secondary information that is very essential to prepare the report.
4. Previous research papers related this type of research is not available.

5. Vast scope and descriptive nature of study

6. This study is based upon collected information of 50 samples respondent, which is not
adequate. If the study covers more areas and more samples the results and conclusions
of the study might be more meaningful and more useful.
Research Gap
The literatures reviewed above clearly indicate that the professionals and researchers pay
comparatively little concentration to the study upon the socio-economic condition,
potentiality, problems etc. considering the development of entrepreneurship. The attributes
underlying the successful entrepreneur in Bangladesh have been mostly unexplored. Though
entrepreneurship development can accelerated the economic growth but the researchers in
Bangladesh do not appear to have much attention too to the studies on such issues. Therefore,
no sophisticated research paper or research monograph is available to the researchers.
Rationale of the Study
Bangladesh is one of the most populous countries of the world. Within a small territorial area
of 55,598 square miles a population of the size of about 15 crores live, majority of them, are
illiterate, poor, unemployed. Again, the economy of Bangladesh is day by day becoming
industry base and which contributes a big percent of GDP. Entrepreneurship development is
one of the most important items in this sector. Thus, by providing employment opportunities,
Departmental stores\shops help in reducing unemployment, under-employment and disguised
unemployment on one hand and it may play a positive role in increasing economic activities.
Again, the Government of Bangladesh for sometimes back has been giving emphasis on
balanced economic development. In the latter context, departmental stores/shops has received
increased attention of the Government and the people of our country is now involving shops
without any hesitation.
Economic development and self-reliance for the people have been an important issue in the
political and economic arena of the country. Again, the entrepreneurial spirit/initiative is very
much present among the people of Bangladesh. So the issue of the entrepreneurship
development of Bangladesh in the context of shops development needs to be carefully
analyzed.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Entrepreneurship is essentially creative in nature. It is a matter of exploration and initiation of

new things, new way of doing things, new methods of production, new use and new market
for products or services. But scholars have explained entrepreneurship much above this
general definition.
Entrepreneurship, according to Schumpeter, is essentially a creative activity, the

entrepreneur being an innovator introduces something new into the economy, a method of
production not yet tested by experience in the branch of manufacture, a product with which
consumers are not familiar, a new source of raw material or new market hitherto unexplored
and other similar innovations (Schumpeter 1955: 51-52).
Federick Harbison states that the organization building ability is the most critical skill needed
for the industrial development. According to him, entrepreneurship means the skill to build
an organization (Harbison 1956: 364). However, entrepreneurship is commonly understood
as an act of drive, initiative, organized effort and achievement-oriented outlook to perform

specific function for undertaking productive activities and the capacity to bear associated risk
and uncertainty. Obviously, entrepreneurs are keystones in a private enterprise system. They
are man of drive, ability, ambition and technical knowledge. They are man of drive, ability,
ambition and technical knowledge. They emerge in the society by virtue of their personality
characteristics with necessary support from the socio-economic environment of the country.
Survey Area (Barisal City)
Barisal is a district in southern Bangladesh. It is also the headquarters of the Barisal Division.
The city lies in the Padma (Ganges) River delta on an offshoot of the Kirtonkhola River. In
1876, Barisal was incorporated into a municipality and later upgraded to City Corporation
consisting of 30 wards in 2002. Due to its location and easy access to both riverine and
marine navigation channels, it has become a transshipment center for rice, hides, and pulses.
Bakery, textile, pharmaceutical products are output of a few industrial installation.

Socio-Economic Background of Sample Respondents
Age
Existing literature reveals that there is a relationship between socioeconomic background and
entrepreneurship development. The trading and industrial activities call for certain values
viz., acquisitive rationality, financial rationality and rationality of work etc. These can be
acquired by systematic efforts. But, in a socio-economic inheritance process some benefits,
resources and privileges are passed on from the father and other family members to the next
generations.

Entrepreneurship just cannot be considered an individual phenomenon and strictly intrinsic to
the personality involved. As such, in order to measure the socio-economic background of the
sample entrepreneurs, the main indicators such as – age, education, annual income, family
size and occupation have been considered more relevant to the purpose of the study. Age at
the Time of Starting, plays an important role in the development process of entrepreneurship.
It has been gathered that analyzing the socioeconomic characteristics by age groups is an
effective tool in judging the personality of an entrepreneur in entry stage of a venture. The
collected data in this regard have been shown in Table – 1.
Table-1
Age of sample entrepreneurs at the time of starting their shops\stores
Age (in years) Number of sample Frequency in percentage

entrepreneurs
Below-20 3 6%
21-25 7 14%
26-30 13 26%
31-35 15 30%
36-40 6 12%
41-45 4 8%
46-above 2 4%
Total 50 100%
[Source: Field Survey]
Table- 1 The owners that the sample entrepreneurs had an average (modal) age of 31.91
years at the time of starting their shops. Out of the 50 respondents, 38 (76%) established their
shops up to 35 years of their age and only 24% of the total sample entrepreneurs established
their shops after reaching 36th year of their ages. The scenario is also the same for other cities
entrepreneurs. It is also argued that this is the age when men can exert his talent, skill on one
hand and seems to be motivated to contribute towards innovation, risk taking, acquisition of
managerial capabilities and in marshalling resources for small ventures like developing
departmental store in building his career, on the other.
Education

The formal education has always been considered an important asset of an individual in
building his occupational career. Further, education may eradicate inferiority complex and
provide social ladder for occupational mobility. However, a minimum level of education
seems to be needed to evaluate the opportunity structure and attain the skill to exploit the
available opportunity. The collected data in this regard have been shown in Table – 2.
Table-2
Table showing education of sample entrepreneurs
Education Number of sample Frequency in percentage

entrepreneurs
Less than S.S.C 8 16%
S.S.C 15 30%
H.S.C 19 38%
Graduate, Post-graduate 5 10%
Technical & other 3 6%
Total 50 100%
Table-2 reveals that the education level of sample entrepreneurs ranges from 38% in the
“H.S.C.” category, followed by 30% respondents having educational background at S.S.C.
level. Again, it has been shown that 16%, 10% and 6% of the sample entrepreneurs have
educational background Less than S.S.C., being followed by “graduate” and “post graduate,
technical and others” respectively. However, it has been gathered that 86% of the Malaysian
entrepreneurs have some formal education although the percentage of higher education is not
high. Again, most Nigerian entrepreneurs are primary school leavers and Hong Kong
entrepreneurs have lower level of academic achievement and Chinese generally thinks
business as a substitute for education. But, the formal education is expected to increase the
supply of entrepreneurs by making available more skill, which is necessary to entrepreneurial
endeavors.
Annual Income
Income may be conceived as a motivating factor, which induces a man to play a positive role
in sharpening his career and skill. Moreover, the income level is one of the significant
ingredients of financial incentives and thereby, ultimately affects development processes of

entrepreneurship. Against this background, the monthly income of sample entrepreneurs have
revealed in Table- 3.
Table-3
Table showing sample Entrepreneurs According to Income level
Income Group Number of sample Frequency in

(In taka) Entrepreneurs percentage
Below – 4000 3 6%
4001 – 7000 7 14%
7001 – 8000 10 20%
8001-11000 15 30%
11001-12000 8 16%
12001- 15000 5 10%
15001 and above 2 4%
Total 50 100%
Table- 3 shows that out of 50 sample entrepreneurs interviewed, 30% have monthly income
between Taka 6001-9000, followed by 20% with income distribution of Taka 5001-6000 and
by 16% with income between Taka 9001-10000. It further portrays that the sample
entrepreneurs numbering 7 (14%), 5 (10%), 3 (6%) and 2 (4%) fall with in the income groups
of Taka 2001-5000, 10,001-13,000 below 2000 and 13001 & above respectively. It is also
true that economic gains are always conceived as a means to or as an indicator of social
status. This observation elucidates the faith on money power to gain status in the society (Siet
1974: 27).
Family Size
This factor has definite bearing on level of savings and investment and therefore on the
emergence and development of entrepreneurs. The small family size of Hong Kong
entrepreneurs has enabled them to carry on business with own savings. This has perhaps
encouraged greater amount of profit recycled for expansion and growth. In such a context, the
survey results have been shown in Table – 4.
Table – 4
Distribution of Sample Entrepreneurs According to Family size
Family size Number of sample Frequency in percentage

entrepreneurs
Up to- 2 5 10%
3-4 15 30%
5-6 21 42%
7-8 7 14%
9 and above 2 4%
Total 50 100%
Table – 4 reveals that out of 50 respondents, 21 (42%) have family size between 5 – 6,
followed by 15 (30%) with family size between 3 – 4 and by 7 (14%) with family size
between 7- 8. The table further shows that the sample entrepreneurs numbering 5 (10%) and
2 (4%) fall within the family size of up to 2, on one hand, and 9 & above on the other. It is,
thus, asserted that the larger family size of sample entrepreneurs perhaps causes lower rate of
savings and investment, which, in turn, may lead to adverse impact on the flourishment of
entrepreneurship.
Occupational Mobility of Sample Entrepreneurs
The occupational mobility in a society, where an individual has greater freedom of choice, is
mainly determined by factors like motivation, efforts of an individual and opportunities
available. Moreover, it is argued that the socio-economic position of the father, as indicated
by his occupation, helps the entrepreneurs financially in building their occupational career as
entrepreneurs. In such a context, the collected data in this regard have been shown in Table –
5.
Table – 5
Distribution of Sample Entrepreneurs According to parental occupation
Parental occupation Number of sample Frequency in percentage

entrepreneurs
Farming 4 8%
Service 9 18%
Official 7 14%
Business 27 54%
Laborers 3 6%
Total 50 100%
Table-5 shops owners that the occupational mobility of 27 (54%) sample entrepreneurs out
of a total of 50 have been business, followed by 9 (18%) with service. It has been further

revealed that 7 (14%), 4 (8%) and 3 (6%) of the sample respondents pointed out service in
office, farming and labour as their parental occupation. Moreover, the parental occupation is
an enabling factor since the bundles of skill, experience and training necessary to sense, view,
evaluate and exploit given opportunity can be obtained from parental circle free of cost,
easily, quickly and without undergoing exploitative apprenticeship system (Chowdhury 1988:
6). It has been gathered that 84% of Indian, 79% of Hong Kong and 84.5% of Malaysian
entrepreneurs originate from non-farm parental occupation background. It is found that
relevant parental occupation counts for success in entrepreneurship (Ouh 1978).
Potentialities of Entrepreneurship Development
The link between entrepreneurship and economic development is important for any country.
The determinants of entrepreneurship development are based on the socio-economic
conditions of a country. However, foreign scholars who have studied the socio-economic and
cultural setting of Bangladesh appear to think that Bangladesh has youths with potentiality to
be developed as entrepreneurs (Habibullah 1985: 49). A.F.A. Hossain fined that the
entrepreneurs in Bangladesh possess sufficient intelligence and smartness to take advantage
of available business opportunities (Hossain 1963). Study of Abdullah Farouk shows the
same result (Farouk 1983: 79). These are indicative of the potentialities of entrepreneurship
that can be developed. In such a context, the collected data in this regard have been revealed
in Table-6.
Table – 6
Factors Indicating Potentiality of Entrepreneurship Development
Factors Entrepreneurs Ranking of Weighted Rating Rank No.

factors scores percent
No.1 No. 2 No. 3
To be self employed 33 9 5 122 32.70 1
To earn more money 9 23 6 79 21.70 2
To gain social status 13 9 7 64 17.68 3
To use abundant 7 10 6 47 12.98 5

material & cheap
human resources
13.81 4
To choose shop keeper 11 6 5 50
as a career
Total 73 57 29 362 100.00 -
[Note: The ranking factor indicates 3, 2 and 1 points respectively. The overall rankings
have been made on the basis of the percentage of total weighted scores for each
facilitating factor.]
Table – 6 reveals the major factors as opined by sample entrepreneurs regarding potentiality
of entrepreneurship development. It shows that more than 32% respondents regard “self
employment” as a significant factor. It occupies the highest position in the overall ranking.
Again, 33 of them ranked it first, 9 ranked second and 5 of the sample respondents ranked it
third. The table further reveals that the factors of potentiality ranges from use of abundant
material & cheap human resources having 12.98% at the lowest, ranked at fifth, to earning
more money with 21.82% at the second highest, i.e., ranked at second position. It is further
observed that 9 sample respondents ranked it as factor number one, 21 as factor number two
and 6 as the third potential factor. It is also revealed that the other factors of potentiality are
gaining social status and choosing poultry farming as a career and in terms of rating are
17.68% and 12.98% respectively. From the above facts it can be inferred that the potentiality
of entrepreneurship development in the study areas of sample respondents is of very high
degree.
Package Program For Entrepreneurship Development:
It’s Adequacy
In order to build up a stout and healthy nation, self employment is essential. The
economic development of the country can be augmented by raising entrepreneurship in a
large scale. Entrepreneurship development involves the development of the entrepreneur
himself, the human factor, and also creation of an environment where entrepreneurial
activities can flourish. Moreover, it depends on multiple factors, which may be offered in an
integrated package program.
This type of program includes:

(i) Stimulatory activities,
(ii) Supportive activities and
(iii) Sustaining activities.
How Do The Sample Entrepreneurs Look at Such A Program?
How far such a package program is adequate? How far such a package program is adequate?
These pertinent questions require attention. Recognizing the need for knowing the attitude of
the entrepreneurship development, relevant information has been collected from the sample
entrepreneurs. Table – 7 reveals the opinions expressed by the sample respondents regarding
the factors of adequacy and efficacy in the area concerned have been processed through 7 –
points bi-polar scale system. In this scale, + 3 indicates full satisfaction, + 2 medium
satisfaction and + 1 least satisfaction and, on the contrary, - 3 indicates complete
dissatisfaction, - 2 moderate dissatisfaction and – 1 least dissatisfaction.
Table – 7
Opinions of the Sample Entrepreneurs Regarding Adequacy and
Efficacy of Package Assistance for Entrepreneurship Development
Variables Average Score Remarks
Stimulatory activities:
Techno-economic information 1.4 Insignificant

is available
Motivational training for 1.6 Insignificant

entrepreneurship
is purposeful
Entrepreneurial education is 1.5 Insignificant

adequate

Publicity for entrepreneurial 1.5 Insignificant
opportunities is
Supportive activities:
Availability of land, electricity 2.0 Insignificant

etc.
Provision for tax relief is 1.7 Insignificant

adequate
Arrangement of fund is 2.3 significant

adequate
Sustaining activities:
Marketing facilities are 2.1 Significant

adequate
Full capacity utilization is 1.7 Insignificant

ensured
Modernisation, diversification 1.4 Insignificant

& expansion programme is
purposeful
Total 1.72 Insignificant
[Source: Field Survey.]
Table-7 respondent that the average score for all the 10 sub-variables taken together is 1.63.
The range of score is from 1.5 to 2.0. It is indicative of the inadequacy and inefficiency of the
integrated package assistance measures for entrepreneurship development in selected areas of
sample farms. It is observed that some components of the programmed, viz., publicity for
entrepreneurial opportunities, availability of land water etc. indicate significance, which
indicates adequacy and efficiency.
Problems of Entrepreneurship Development

Many problems engulf the processes of entrepreneurship development among the sample
entrepreneurs of study areas in selected retailers and wholesalers. Based on empirical data a
number of problems has been identified which are revealed in Table- 8 in order of magnitude.
Table – 8
Opinions of the Sample Entrepreneurs Regarding Problems of
Entrepreneurship Development
Problems Frequency in percentage
Instability of Govt. policy in the issue 100

concerned
Lack of adequate financial support 100
Absence of entrepreneurial courses in the 67.33
curriculum of educational organization
Ineffective motivational programs 50.66
Lack of effective training programs 40.55
Absence of effective management 33.33
information system (MIS)
Lack of research on entrepreneurship 26.67
problem
Table –8 owners that instability of Govt. policy and lack of adequate financial support are
two most important problems in the process of entrepreneurship development. Absence of
entrepreneurship courses in the curriculum of educational institutions affect the
entrepreneurship development adversely which ultimately frustrate the sample entrepreneurs
in taking right decision in right time like shifting to new production technology or expanding
new venture. Motivational programs offered by Government and other development agencies
do not reportedly cover the prospective entrepreneurs. Scope of training to develop skill is far
from satisfactory. It appears from the observation that MIS and research on entrepreneurship
problems are absent in study areas. Thus, it has been found that the sample entrepreneurs are
deprived of receiving right information in right time and their attitude towards integrated
package program do not corroborate in the formulation of programs of entrepreneurship
development of the country.
Policy Implications

Although the present study was confined to some selected shops, it may be appropriate to
state briefly the policy implications arising from the findings of the study. In this context, the
following policy actions may be considered worthwhile. Courses on Entrepreneurship may be
Introduced in the Curricula of Educational Institutions Courses on entrepreneurship may be
introduced in the curricula of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education in Bangladesh so
that school/college dropouts are exposed to possibilities of independent economic status.
Further, the youngsters, on completion of school college education may emerge as a job-
creator instead of job seekers. In Bangladesh, profitable investment avenues are available in
various fields like departmental stall involving simple technology, small capital and low
gestation period.
Availability of Credit Facilities Adequate institutional credit facilities may make available to
sample poultry farmers so that they do not fall prey to moneylenders. Further, red-tapism of
the bank officials needs to be simplified, so that prospective entrepreneurs can avail
themselves of credit facilities offered by concerned agencies.
Arrangement of Training Facilities
Training to entrepreneurs has become an essential factor at this moment. For better
assessment of training needs, training of entrepreneurs is most essential. It is also necessary
to train the trainers ASIAN of entrepreneurs. Further, local resources, technology and
existing stock of problems may be considered in designing training courses for entrepreneurs
like shop keepers. In this context, educational institutions, professional bodies can also
cooperate and collaborate.
Integrated Package Assistance
Integrated package assistance, viz., stimulatory, supportive and sustaining services may be
offered by the governmental and promotional agencies to the sample entrepreneurs in order to
develop entrepreneurship in study areas. For this purpose, clear-cut policy decisions may be
advocated.
Motivation to Research on Entrepreneurship

Government and other funding agencies like CIDA, USAID, ADB and others may motivate
research works by concerned parties on relevant aspects of entrepreneurship development
which, in turn, may lead to solve the problems of entrepreneurship development of the
country.
SWOT Analysis
SWOT means strength, weakness, opportunities and threat. It is essential for evaluation of a
entrepreneurship development and its future. It provides information and condition/ status on
the present situation. From this the government could take an appropriate decision for further
market development.
Strength
For development of entrepreneurship as the development of wholesaler and retailer, the

strength of Barisal city are well arranged internal communication, high adoption ability of
the customer for new product concept, the involvement of whole seller and retailer in
entrepreneurship at a very early age etc.
Weakness
Ineffective motivational programs, Absence of entrepreneurial courses in the curriculum of

educational organization, instability in profession, high reflection by the customer - these are
the main weakness for the development of entrepreneurship in Barisal city.
Opportunities
The opportunities for entrepreneurship development are- high education level, large market
size, and high consumption rate of customers etc.
Threats
Several threats are presented in Barisal such as- instability of Govt. policy in the issue
concerned, lack of effective training programs, lack of adequate financial support, lack of
research on entrepreneurship problem, low power supply and tax burden.
CONCLUSION

In conclusion, it may be opined that the study area has growth potentials of entrepreneurship
in various sectors like departmental store building. Therefore integrated package program
may be launched for solving existing problems there to. Thus, the concerned agencies may
take appropriate policy action for entrepreneurship development in various sectors like
departmental store building in the study area as well as in Bangladesh too.
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Farouk A. (1983), “Lessons from a Biographical Survey of Bangladesh Entrepreneurs”, The

Dhaka University Studies, Part- (c).
Habibullah, M. (1985),“Entrepreneurship Training & Development” in Abdul Mannan (ed.),

Entrepreneurship and Management in Bangladesh Chittagong University: Bureau of Business
Research.
Harbison, Federick (1956),“Entrepreneurial Organization as a factor in Economic

Development”, Journal of Economics, Vol. LXX, No. 3.
APPENDIX. A
AN INTERVIEW SCHEDULE ON
DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIPWITH REFERENCE TO SEVERAL

DEPARTMENTAL STORES\SHOPS RISING OF BARISAL CITY

Sample no:
Name:
Name of the organization:
Age:
Sex:
Address:
Phone:
01. At which age you have started your store?
A.Below-20 E.36-40
B.21-25 F.41-45
C.26-30 G.46-above
D.31-35
02. At which level of education you have completed?
A. Less than S.S.C
B. S.S.C
C. H.S.C
D. Graduate, Post-graduate
E. Technical & other
03. What about your Income level?
A. Below – 4000
B. 4001 – 7000
C. 7001 – 8000

D. 8001-11000
E. 11001-12000
F. 12001- 15000
G. 15001 and above
04. What is your Family size?
A. Up to- 2
B. 3-4
C. 5-6
D. 7-8
E. 9 and above
05. What was your parental occupation?

A. Farming
B. Service
C. Official
D. Business
E. Laborers
06. Factors Indicating Potentiality of Entrepreneurship Development
A. To be self employed
B. To earn more money
C. To gain social status
D. To use abundant material & cheap human resources
E. To choose shop keeper as a career
Entrepreneurs ranking of factors
No.01 No.02 No.03
07. Factors Indicating Potentiality of Entrepreneurship Development

Variables High Medium Least Least Moderate Complete
satisfaction satisfaction satisfaction dissatisfaction dissatisfaction dissatisfaction
Stimulatory
activities:
• Techno-
economic
information
is available
• Motivational
training for
entrepreneu
rship is
purposeful
• Entrepreneu
rial
education is
adequate
• Publicity for
entrepreneu
rial
opportunitie
s is
Supportive
activities:
• Availability
of land,
electricity
etc.
• Provision for
tax relief is
adequate
• Arrangemen
t of fund is
adequate
Sustaining
activities:
• Marketing
facilities are
adequate
• Full capacity
utilization is
ensured
• Modernizati
on,
diversificatio
n&
expansion
program is
purposeful

08. Opinion of the Sample Entrepreneurs Regarding Problems of Entrepreneurship
Development
Problems
Instability of Govt. policy in the issue
concerned
Lack of adequate financial support
Absence of entrepreneurial courses

in the
curriculum of educational
organization
Ineffective motivational programs
Lack of effective training programs
Absence of effective management

information system (MIS)
Lack of research on
entrepreneurship problem
09. General
opinion---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----
Date:
Signature of the interviewer


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DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP WITH

REFERENCE TO SEVERAL WHOLESALER/RETAILER

PATUAKHALI SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP WITH REFERENCE TO SEVERAL WHOLE SALER/RETAILER IN

COURSE TITLE: ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND SMALL BUSINESS

COURSE CODE: MST 326

DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP WITH REFERENCE TO SEVERAL WHOLE SALER/RETAILER IN

PATUAKHALI SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY

Muhammad Mizanoor Rahman Hawlader

DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP WITH REFERENCE TO SEVERAL WHOLE SALER/RETAILER IN

Faculty of Business Administration and Management

Shofiq Uddin Khan

Roll No. 023

PATUAKHALI SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY

DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP WITH REFERENCE TO SEVERAL WHOLE SALER/RETAILER IN

Date: November , 2008

Faculty of Business Administration & Management

Patuakhali Science and Technology University

Subject: Submission of report on Development of Entrepreneurship with

Here, we submitting our report on “Development of Entrepreneurship with

Level: 03; Semester: 02

DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP WITH REFERENCE TO SEVERAL WHOLE SALER/RETAILER IN

DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP WITH REFERENCE TO SEVERAL WHOLE SALER/RETAILER IN

Limitation of the Study -------------------------------

Rationale of the Study-------------------------------- 04

Results and Discussions--------------------------------

Survey Area (Barisal city)------------------------------

Socio-Economic Background of Sample Respondents----

Occupational Mobility of Sample Entrepreneurs------

Potentialities of Entrepreneurship Development--------

Package Program for Entrepreneurship

How do the sample entrepreneurs look at such a

DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP WITH REFERENCE TO SEVERAL WHOLE SALER/RETAILER IN

Arrangement of Training Facilities----------------------

Integrated Package Assistance------------------------

Motivation to Research on Entrepreneurship----------

DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP WITH REFERENCE TO SEVERAL WHOLE SALER/RETAILER IN

Entrepreneurship is getting wider attention recently with increasing

DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP WITH REFERENCE TO SEVERAL WHOLE SALER/RETAILER IN

Entrepreneurship development is a precondition for the economic development of a country.

Review of the literature

DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP WITH REFERENCE TO SEVERAL WHOLE SALER/RETAILER IN

Objectives of the Study

Methodology of the Study

DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP WITH REFERENCE TO SEVERAL WHOLE SALER/RETAILER IN

Limitation of the Study

4. Previous research papers related this type of research is not available.

DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP WITH REFERENCE TO SEVERAL WHOLE SALER/RETAILER IN

Rationale of the Study

Entrepreneurship is essentially creative in nature. It is a matter of exploration and initiation of

Entrepreneurship, according to Schumpeter, is essentially a creative activity, the

DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP WITH REFERENCE TO SEVERAL WHOLE SALER/RETAILER IN

Survey Area (Barisal City)

DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP WITH REFERENCE TO SEVERAL WHOLE SALER/RETAILER IN

DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP WITH REFERENCE TO SEVERAL WHOLE SALER/RETAILER IN

Age (in years) Number of sample Frequency in percentage

DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP WITH REFERENCE TO SEVERAL WHOLE SALER/RETAILER IN

Education Number of sample Frequency in percentage

DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP WITH REFERENCE TO SEVERAL WHOLE SALER/RETAILER IN

Income Group Number of sample Frequency in

Family size Number of sample Frequency in percentage

Occupational Mobility of Sample Entrepreneurs

Parental occupation Number of sample Frequency in percentage