zmir Institute of Technology

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

!!"#!!$ %&ring %emester
CHE '(!
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING LA)*RAT*R+ I
Determin,tion of
Determin,tion of
M,ss Tr,nsfer Coefficient
M,ss Tr,nsfer Coefficient
DETERMINATI*N *- MA%% TRAN%-ER C*E--ICIENT
*./ecti0e
(1 Calculate the mass transfer coefficient
1 Compare the effect of temperature on the diffusion rate and mass transfer coefficient
Theory ,n2 Princi&les
Mass transfer occurs when a component in a mixture migrates in the same phase or
from phase to phase because of a difference in concentration between two points e.g. liquid in
an open pail of water evaporates into still air because of the difference in concentration of
water vapor at the water surface and the surrounding air. This is a driving force from surface
to air.
There are two different modes of mass transfer, namely diffusion and convection.
Diffusion is the movement under the influence of an individual component through a mixture
and the physical mechanism is that of random atomic or molecular activity. The convection
mass transfer mode is comprised of two mechanisms as free and forced convection.
Free convection mass transfer involves thermally driven free convection flows which
enhance free evaporation or sublimation occurring at a surface. n many cases, the rate of
diffusion is slow, and more rapid mass transfer is desired. n the case of forced convection
mass transfer, the flow is induced by external means such as a fan, pump or atmospheric
winds etc.
Flow of a binary mixture of chemical species ! and " over the flat plate as shown in
Figure # below is considered. f the concentration of the species ! at the surface, C
!,s
, differs
from that in the free stream, C
!,$
, then a concentration boundary layer will develop and
species transfer by convection between the surface and the free stream will ta%e place.
&eferring to Figure #, the molar flux of species !, '
!
" (%mole)s.m
*
+ is defined as,
'
!
"-h
m
(C
!,s
. C
!,$
+
/here h
m
(m)s+ is the convective mass transfer coefficient. C
!,s
and C
!,$
the molar
concentrations(%mol)m
0
+.
E3ui&ment
-igure (1 1chematic representation of experimental set.up
E4&eriment,l &roce2ure
#. 2lace the pan filled with water on the balance and set the temperature at 34
o
C.
*. 1tart timer and record weight for every 04 seconds.
0. Continue experiment until all the water evaporates.
5. &ecord ambient temperature and humidity.
6. &epeat the temperature at 74
o
C.
5uestions for consi2er,tion
#. Calculate mass transfer coefficients for both temperatures. Comment on the results.
*. /hich properties affect mass transfer coefficient8
0. ! streamline strut supporting a bearing housing is exposed to a hot airflow from an
engine exhaust. t is necessary to run experiments to determine the average convective
heat transfer coefficient h, from the air to the strut in order to be able to cool the strut
to the desired surface temperature T
s
. t is decided to run mass transfer experiments on
an ob9ect of the same shape and to obtain the desired heat transfer results by using heat
and mass transfer analogy. The mass transfer experiments were conducted using a half
si:e model strut constructed from naphthalene exposed to an air stream at *;
o
C. Mass
transfer measurements yielded these results<
thermocouple
'
!
=
!
s
, C
!,s
T
$
, C
!, $
"alance
%h
L
Re
L
*7* 34,444
5># #*4,444
637 #55,444
>7> *77,444
a+ ?sing the mass transfer experimental results, determine the coefficients C and m for a
correlation of the form 1h
@
- C&e
@
m
1c
#)0
b+ Determine the average convective heat transfer coefficient h for the full si:ed strut, @
A
-34
mm, when exposed to a free stream airflow with B-34m)s, T
$
- #75
o
C, and p$-# atm when
T
s
-;4
o
C.
c+ The surface of the strut can be expressed as !
s
-*.*@
A
l where l is the length normal to the
page. For the conditions of part b, what is the change in the rate of heat transfer to the strut if
the characteristic length @
A
is doubled8
5. /ould the mass transfer coefficient increase or decrease if air temperature was increased
from *4 to 04
o
C.
6. !n experiment is conducted to determine the average convective mass transfer coefficient
of a small droplet using a heater controlled to operate at a constant temperature. The power
history requires to completely evaporate the droplet at a temperature of 0;
o
C is shown in the
s%etch. t was observed that, as the droplet dried, its wetted area on the heater surface
remained nearly constant at a value of 5 mm
*
.
T
s
B
T
$
p
$
@
A
-34mm
strut
a+ Calculate the average mass transfer convection coefficient based upon the wetted area
during the evaporation process when the droplet, heater, and the dry ambient air are 0;
o
C.
b+ Aow much energy will be required to evaporate the droplet if the dry ambient air
temperature is *;
o
C, while the droplet heater temperature remains at 0;
o
C8
3. Compare the mass transfer coefficients of water measured for two different cases.
Case !< &elative humidity of air is :ero
Case "< &elative humidity of air is 04C
References
#. ncropera F.2, De /itt D. 2, DFundamentals of Aeat and Mass Transfer=, 5
th
Edition, Fohn
/iley G 1ons nc., #>>3.
*. 2erry F.A, DChemical Engineering Aandboo%=, 5
th
Edition, Hoga%usha Company, To%yo,
#>30.
Ac6no7le2gment8 !uthor than%s Dr. !lsoy !ltun%aya for her helps in preparing this
manual.
Aeater
controlled to
operate at
constant temp.
T
s
D
Droplet
T
s
2(mw+
*4
64 #44
t(min+
Dry air
T
$,
h