DESIGN OF TWO WAY SLAB (with beams) BY DDM

Fig 1: Two way slab with beams.

Problem:

A two way slab floor with a total area of 7500 sq ft. is divided into 25 panels with a
panel size of 20 ft. x 15 ft.

fc = 3000 psi
fy = 60000 psi
Service Live Load = 120 psf
All Column = 14 x 14
Slab Thickness = 6.5
Storey Height = 12
Long Beam = 14 x 28
Short Beam = 12 x 24

Solution:

1. Calculation of Factored Load

Slab Thickness = 6.5
DL = (6.5/12) x 150 = 81.25 psf
LL = 120 psf
Total factored load, W = 1.4 DL + 1.7 LL
= (1.4 x 81.25) + (1.7 x 120)
= 318 psf
= 0.318 ksf

2. Total Factored Static Moment in Equivalent Rigid Frame












Fig 2: Equivalent rigid frame notations.

Total factored moment,

a. For Frame A and B:

c/c distance in short direction, l2 = 15
Clear span in long direction, ln = [20-(14/12)] = 18.83

For frame A:

Mo.A = (1/8) x 0.318 x 15 x 18.83
2
= 212 kip-ft.

For frame B:

Mo.B = Mo.A = x 212 = 106 kip-ft.

b. For Frame C and D:

c/c distance in long direction, l2 = 20
Clear span in short direction, ln = [15-(14/12)] = 13.83

For frame C:

Mo.C = (1/8) x 0.318 x 20 x 13.83
2
= 152 kip-ft.

For frame D:

Mo.D = Mo.C = x 152 = 76 kip-ft.


3. Relative Stiffness,

Relative stiffness,

[Here, Ecb = Ecs]

The moment of inertia of a flanged beam section,

The moment of inertia of a slab,

Here,


(

)(

){(

)(

)(

}
(

)(

)


Where,
h = overall beam depth
t = overall slab thickness
bE = effective width of flange
bw = width of web





















Fig 3: Computation of value.




a. B1-B2: Long side T beam



The effective width,
bE = bw +2(h t) or bw + 2(4t)
= 14 + 2(28-6.5) or 14 + 2(4 x 6.5)
= 57 or 66

Thus, bE = 57

()()()()

()()

()()

()

b. B3-B4: Long side edge beam

The effective width,
bE = bw + (h t) or bw + (4t)
= 14 + (28-6.5) or 14 + (4 x 6.5)
= 35.5 or 40

Thus, bE = 35.5

()()()()

()()

()()

()

c. B5-B6: Short side T beam














The effective width,
bE = bw +2(h t) or bw + 2(4t)
= 12 + 2(24-6.5) or 12 + 2(4 x 6.5)
= 47 or 64

Thus, bE = 47

()()()()

()()

()()

()

d. B7-B8: Short side edge beam



The effective width,
bE = bw + (h t) or bw + (4t)
= 12 + (24-6.5) or 12 + (4 x 6.5)
= 29.5 or 38

Thus, bE = 29.5

()()()()

()()

()()

()

Fig 4: Values of

4. Check for Slab Thickness

Here, ln = Clear span long side
Sn = Clear span short side

When, 0.2 < m 2.0

Minimum slab thickness,

)
(

)


When, m > 2.0

Minimum slab thickness,

For panel 1, m = (18.75+11.02+7.47+4.44) = 10.42
For panel 2, m = (18.75+11.02+4.44+4.44) = 9.66
For panel 3, m = (11.02+11.02+7.47+4.44) = 8.49
For panel 4, m = (11.02+11.02+4.44+4.44) = 7.73

Here, for all panels, m > 2.0

ln = 20-(14/12) = 18.83
Sn = 15-(14/12) = 13.83

So, given thickness of the slab =6.5 (ok)

5. Check for Limitation of DDM

1. There shall be a minimum of three continuous spans in each direction.
In this problem, there are five continuous spans in each direction.

2. Panels shall be rectangular, with a ratio of longer to shorter span
center-to-center of supports within a panel not greater than 2.
Here panels are rectangular and the ratio of longer (20) to shorter (15) span
c/c of supports is (20/15)=1.33<2.0

3. Successive span lengths center-to-center of supports in each direction
shall not differ by more than one-third the longer span.
One-third of longer span is (1/3 x 20) =6.67
In both directions, span lengths are equal.

4. Offset of columns by a maximum of 10 percent of the span (in direction
of offset) from either axis between centerlines of successive columns
shall be permitted.
In longitudinal direction, 10% of the longer span is (20x12) x 10% = 24 and
column width in this direction is 14, which is less than 24.

In transverse direction, 10% of the shorter span is (15x12) x 10% = 18 and
column width in this direction is 14, which is less than 18.

5. All loads shall be due to gravity only and uniformly distributed over an
entire panel. Live load shall not exceed two times dead load.
Service LL = 120 psf and service DL = 81.25 psf
LL/DL = (120/81.25) = 1.477<2.0

6. The relative stiffness ratio of (l1
2
/1) to (l2
2
/2) must lie between 0.2
and 5.0 where is the ratio of the flexural stiffness of the included
beam to that of the slab.

Taking l1 and l2 in the long and short directions respectively,

Panel 1,

()

()

Panel 2,

()

()

Panel 3,

()

()

Panel 4,

()

()

All ratio of (l1
2
/1) to (l2
2
/2) lie between 0.2 and 5.0

This problem satisfies all the limitations imposed by ACI 13.6.1 for using DDM.

6. Longitudinal Distribution of Moment


Fig 5: Longitudinal Moment diagram for exterior span


Fig 6: Longitudinal moment diagram for interior span.





Fig 7: Equivalent rigid frames

Mo.A = 212 kip-ft.

Mo.B = 106 kip-ft.

Mo.C = 152 kip-ft.

Mo.D = 76 kip-ft.

From fig 5 (case 2) and fig 6,









Fig 8: Longitudinal moment distribution



7. Torsional Constant

Torsional constant, (

) (

)
Here,
x = Smaller dimension
y = Larger dimension

Use larger value of C.




a. For long direction edge beam



(

) (

) (

) (

) (

) (

) (

Use C = 19100 in
4


b. For long direction T beam


(

) (

) (

) (

) (

) (

) (

Use C = 20700 in
4


c. For short direction edge beam



(

) (

) (

) (

) (

) (

) (

Use C = 10700 in
4


d. For short direction T beam



(

) (

) (

) (

) (

) (

) (

Use C = 11930 in
4


8. Transverse Distribution of Longitudinal Moment

a. Aspect Ratio (l2/l1):

For frame A and B: l2/l1 = 15/20 = 0.75
For frame C and D: l2/l1 = 20/15 = 1.33

b. Calculation of t:

For frame A and B:

()

Torsional Constant, C = 10700 in
4

For frame C and D:

()

Torsional Constant, C = 19100 in
4

c. Calculation of Percentage of Moment in Column Strip:

Frame A B C D
C 10700 10700 19100 19100
Is 4120 4120 5493 5493
t=C/2Is 1.30 1.30 1.74 1.74
11.02 18.75 4.44 7.47
l2/l1 0.75 0.75 1.33 1.33
(l2/l1) 8.27 14.06 5.91 9.94

Column Strip Moment, Percent of Total Moment at Critical Section
l2/l1
0.5 1.0 2.0
Interior Negative Moment
(l2/l1) = 0
(l2/l1) 1.0

75
90

75
75

75
45
Exterior Negative Moment
(l2/l1) = 0

t = 0
t 2.5

100
75

100
75

100
75
(l2/l1) 1.0
t = 0
t 2.5

100
90

100
75

100
45
Positive Moment
(l2/l1) = 0
(l2/l1) 1.0

60
90

60
75

60
45



i. Percentage of Exterior Negative Moment

Frame A
(l2/l1) t (l2/l1)
8.27
0.5 0.75 1
0 100 100 100
1.30 90.9
2.5 90 82.5 75

Frame B
(l2/l1) t (l2/l1)
14.06
0.5 0.75 1
0 100 100 100
1.30 90.9
2.5 90 82.5 75

Frame C
(l2/l1) t (l2/l1)
5.91
1 1.33 2
0 100 100 100
1.74 75.71
2.5 75 65.1 45

Frame D
(l2/l1) t (l2/l1)
9.94
1 1.33 2
0 100 100 100
1.74 75.71
2.5 75 65.1 45









ii. Percentage of Positive Moment

Frame A
(l2/l1) 0.5 0.75 1
(l2/l1) 8.27 90 82.5 75

Frame B
(l2/l1) 0.5 0.75 1
(l2/l1) 14.06 90 82.5 75

Frame C
(l2/l1) 1 1.33 2
(l2/l1) 5.91 75 65.1 45

Frame D
(l2/l1) 1 1.33 2
(l2/l1) 9.94 75 65.1 45

iii. Percentage of Interior Negative Moment


Frame A
(l2/l1) 0.5 0.75 1
(l2/l1) 8.27 90 82.5 75

Frame B
(l2/l1) 0.5 0.75 1
(l2/l1) 14.06 90 82.5 75

Frame C
(l2/l1) 1 1.33 2
(l2/l1) 5.91 75 65.1 45

Frame D
(l2/l1) 1 1.33 2
(l2/l1) 9.94 75 65.1 45




d. Transverse Distribution of Longitudinal Moment


Fig 9: Middle strip and column strip diagram for frame A & B

For frame A &B:

0.25 l1 = 0.25(20 x 12) = 60
0.25 l2 = 0.25(15 x 12) = 45

y = 45

For frame A:
Column strip = 2 x 45 = 90
Half middle strip = 2@ [(15 x 12)-90]/2 = 2@45

For frame B:
Column strip = 45
Half middle strip = 45


Fig 10: Middle strip and column strip diagram for frame C & D
For frame C & D:

0.25 l1 = 0.25(15 x 12) = 45
0.25 l2 = 0.25(20 x 12) = 60

y = 45

For frame C:
Column strip = 2 x 45 = 90
Half middle strip = 2@ [(20 x 12)-90]/2 = 2@75

For frame D:
Column strip = 45
Half middle strip = 75

e. Summary of Calculation

Equivalent Rigid Frame A B C D
Total Transverse Width (in) 180 90 240 120
Column

Strip Width (in) 90 45 90 45
Half Middle Strip (in) 2@45 45 2@75 75
Torsional Constant C (in) 10700 10700 19100 19100
Is (in
4
) in t 4120 4120 5493 5493
t = C/2Is 1.30 1.30 1.74 1.74
11.02 18.75 4.44 7.47
(l2/l1) 0.75 0.75 1.33 1.33
(l2/l1) 8.27 14.06 5.91 9.94
External (-ve) Moment, %
to Column

Strip
90.90 90.90 75.71 75.71
Positive Moment, % to
Column

Strip
82.5 82.5 65.1 65.1
Internal (-ve) Moment, % to
Column

Strip
82.5 82.5 65.1 65.1







9. Distribution of Factored Moment in Column Strip and Middle Strip

All the moments are divided into three parts, percentage to column strip (of which
85% goes to the beam and 15% to the slab) and rest to the middle strip slab.

Equivalent Rigid Frame A
Total Width = 180 Column Strip = 90 Middle Strip = 90

Moments at Vertical
Section (kip.ft)
Exterior Span Interior Span
-ve
Moment
+ve
Moment
-ve
Moment
-ve
Moment
+ve
Moment
-ve
Moment
Total Moment in
Frame A
-33.92 120.84 -148.4 -137.8 74.2 -137.8
% to Column Strip 90.90% 82.50% 82.50% 82.50% 82.50% 82.50%
Moment in Beam -26.2 84.7 -104.1 -96.6 52.0 -96.6
Moment in Column
Strip Slab
-4.7 15.0 -18.4 -17.1 9.2 -17.1
Moment in Mid Strip
Slab
-3.1 21.1 -26.0 -24.1 13.0 -24.1

Equivalent Rigid Frame B
Total Width = 90 Column Strip = 45 Middle Strip = 45

Moments at Vertical
Section (kip.ft)
Exterior Span Interior Span
-ve
Moment
+ve
Moment
-ve
Moment
-ve
Moment
+ve
Moment
-ve
Moment
Total Moment in
Frame B
-16.96 60.42 -74.2 -68.9 37.1 -68.9
% to Column Strip 90.90% 82.50% 82.50% 82.50% 82.50% 82.50%
Moment in Beam -13.1 42.4 -52.0 -48.3 26.0 -48.3
Moment in Column
Strip Slab
-2.3 7.5 -9.2 -8.5 4.6 -8.5
Moment in Mid Strip
Slab
-1.5 10.6 -13.0 -12.1 6.5 -12.1










Equivalent Rigid Frame C
Total Width = 240 Column Strip = 90 Middle Strip = 150

Moments at Vertical
Section (kip.ft)
Exterior Span Interior Span
-ve
Moment
+ve
Moment
-ve
Moment
-ve
Moment
+ve
Moment
-ve
Moment
Total Moment in
Frame C
-24.32 86.64 -106.4 -98.8 53.2 -98.8
% to Column Strip 75.71% 65.10% 65.10% 65.10% 65.10% 65.10%
Moment in Beam -15.7 47.9 -58.9 -54.7 29.4 -54.7
Moment in Column
Strip Slab
-2.8 8.5 -10.34 -9.7 5.2 -9.6
Moment in Mid Strip
Slab
-5.9 30.2 -37.1 -34.5 18.6 -34.5

Equivalent Rigid Frame D
Total Width = 120 Column Strip = 45 Middle Strip = 75

Moments at Vertical
Section (kip.ft)
Exterior Span Interior Span
-ve
Moment
+ve
Moment
-ve
Moment
-ve
Moment
+ve
Moment
-ve
Moment
Total Moment in
Frame D
-12.16 43.32 -53.2 -49.4 26.6 -49.4
% to Column Strip 75.71% 65.10% 65.10% 65.10% 65.10% 65.10%
Moment in Beam -7.8 24.0 -29.4 -27.3 14.7 -27.3
Moment in Column
Strip Slab
-1.4 4.2 -5.2 -4.8 2.6 -4.8
Moment in Mid Strip
Slab
-3.0 15.1 -18.6 -17.2 9.3 -17.2
















Fig: Moment Distribution