Disaster

Disaster is a sudden, calamitous event bringing great damage, loss, and destruction and
devastation to life and property. The damage caused by disasters is immeasurable and varies
with the geographical location, climate and the type of the earth surface/degree of
vulnerability. This influences the mental, socio-economic, political and cultural state of the
affected area. Generally, disaster has the following effects in the concerned areas,
1. It completely disrupts the normal day to day life
. It negatively influences the emergency systems
!. "ormal needs and processes li#e food, shelter, health, etc. are affected and deteriorate
depending on the intensity and severity of the disaster.
$ disaster may have the following main features%-
o &npredictability
o &nfamiliarity
o 'peed
o &rgency
o &ncertainty
o Threat
Types of Disasters
There is no country that is immune from disaster, though vulnerability to disaster varies.
There are four main types of disaster.
Natural disasters. These disasters include floods, hurricanes, earthquakes and
volcano eruptions that can have immediate impacts on human health, as well as
secondary impacts causing further death and suffering from floods causing landslides,
earthquakes resulting in fires, tsunamis causing widespread flooding and typhoons
sinking ferries
Environmental emergencies. These emergencies include technological or
industrial accidents, usually involving hazardous material, and occur where these
materials are produced, used or transported. Large forest fires are generally included in
this definition because they tend to be caused by humans.
Complex emergencies. These emergencies involve a break-down of authority,
looting and attacks on strategic installations. Comple emergencies include conflict
situations and war.
Pandemic emergencies. These emergencies involve a sudden onset of a
contagious disease that affects health but also disrupts services and businesses,
bringing economic and social costs.
Disaster (anagement %
disaster management) is the discipline of dealing with and avoiding ris#s. It is a discipline that
involves preparing, supporting, and rebuilding society when natural or human-made disasters
occur. In general, any *mergency management is the continuous process by which all
individuals, groups, and communities manage ha+ards
The nature of emergency management is highly dependent on economic and social
conditions local to the emergency, or disaster
Mitigation
,ersonal mitigation is mainly about #nowing and avoiding unnecessary ris#s. This includes an
assessment of possible ris#s to personal/family health and to personal property.
Preparedness
In the preparedness phase, emergency managers develop plans of action for when the
disaster stri#es
Response
The response phase includes the mobili+ation of the necessary emergency services and first
responders in the disaster area.
Recovery
The aim of the recovery phase is to restore the affected area to its previous state. It differs
from the response phase in its focus- recovery efforts are concerned with issues and
decisions that must be made after immediate needs are addressed
.n a personal level the response can ta#e the shape either of a home confinement or an
evacuation. In a home confinement a family would be prepared to fend for themselves in their
home for many days without any form of outside support. In an evacuation, a family leaves
the area by automobile /or other mode of transportation) ta#ing with them the ma0imum
amount of supplies they can carry, possibly including a tent for shelter. If mechanical
transportation is not available, evacuation on foot would ideally include carrying at least three
days of supplies and rain-tight bedding, a tarpaulin and a bedroll of blan#ets being the
minimum.
Slogan on hazards of plastic
1. 1 'ay no to ,lastics- 'ave the *arth1
. 1 'ay no to ,lastics- 'ave animals1
!. 'ave *nvironments-'ay no to ,lastics
2. 'ave 3ater from ,lastic 'ay no to ,lastics.
4. 'ea and 5iver lives for us- 'ave them6 'ave them6-'ay no to ,lastics.
7. ,lastic-carry bags poisonous-'ay no to ,lastic
8. ,lastic Toys are To0ins-'ay no to ,lastic
9. 'ave our :hildren -'ay no to ,lastics.
;. *atables you carry in ,lastic bags will #ill you slowly-'ay no to ,lastic
1<. "ature is beauty do not litter with ,lastic so- 'ay no to ,lastic
11.=e richer 6 Discard ,lastic as ,lastic is cheaper-'ay no to ,lastic
1. war synonym conflict Antonyms peace
. difference synonym isparity Antonyms similarity
!. believe synonym trust Antonyms doubt
2. slack synonym loose Antonyms tight
4. warp synonym buc#le Antonyms straighten
7. overwrought synonym agitated Antonyms calm
8. hare-brained synonym foolish Antonyms sensible
9. mucky synonym dirty Antonyms clean
;. awesome synonym magnificent Antonyms unimpressive
1<. zeal synonym fervour Antonyms apathy
11. banal synonym hac#neyed Antonyms original
1. young synonym >uvenile Antonyms old
1!. contemptuous synonym disdainful Antonyms respectful
12. waxen synonym pallid Antonyms ruddy
14. droll synonym humorous Antonyms serious
17. vilify synonym disparage Antonyms praise
18. exultant synonym >ubilant Antonyms sorrowful
19. ugly synonym unsightly Antonyms beautiful
1;. fat synonym corpulent Antonyms thin
<. tacit synonym implicit Antonyms e0plicit
1. gargantuan synonym enormous Antonyms tiny
. sloping synonym slanted Antonyms level
!. heterodox synonym nonconformist Antonyms orthodo0
2. rude synonym discourteous Antonyms polite
4. irritate synonym ve0 Antonyms soothe
7. quash synonym annul Antonyms validate
8. jagged synonym spi#y Antonyms smooth
9. prone synonym vulnerable Antonyms resistant
;. kaleidoscopic synonym multicoloured Antonyms monochrome
!<. outlandish synonym weird Antonyms ordinary
!1. lack synonym deficiency Antonyms abundance
!. nasty synonym unpleasant Antonyms nice
!!. malevolence synonym hostility Antonyms benevolence
!2. loyalty synonym allegiance Antonyms treachery
!4. noxious synonym poisonous Antonyms innocuous
!7. kind synonym caring Antonyms mean
!8. outward synonym outer Antonyms inward
!9. just synonym fair Antonyms unfair
!;. pusillanimous synonym timid Antonyms brave
2<. include synonym incorporate Antonyms e0clude
21. questionable synonym doubtful Antonyms indisputable
2. hate synonym loathe Antonyms love
2!. rabble synonym mob Antonyms nobility
22. guilty synonym culpable Antonyms innocent
24. scintillating synonym spar#ling Antonyms dull
27. footling synonym trivial Antonyms important
28. tousled synonym untidy Antonyms neat
29. excellent synonym superb Antonyms inferior
2;. unforgettable synonym memorable Antonyms une0ceptional
4<. finished synonym completed Antonyms incomplete