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CW2

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FOR


PERFORMANCE TESTS FOR THE SUPPLY OF COLD
APPLIED WRAPPING TAPES AND TAPE SYSTEMS
FEBRUARY1993
J325 ( Rev 08/98 )
.
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J325 ( Rev 08/98 ) - i -
CONTENTS
Page
FOREWORD iii
BRIEF HISTORY iv
INTRODUCTION 1
1. SCOPE 1
2. REFERENCES 1
3. DEFINITIONS 2
4. GENERAL DESIGN REQUIREMENT 2
5. APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS AND TESTS 3
5.1 General 3
5.2 Physical and performance testing 3
6. QUALITY CONTROL 5
6.1 Manufacturing control 5
6.2 Batch acceptance 5
6.3 Reduced testing 6
7. MARKING 6
8. PACKAGING 6
9. TYPE APPROVAL SCHEME FOR NEW MATERIALS 7
9.1 Operational requirements of the acceptance scheme 7
9.2 Procedure for Phase 1 approval 7
9.3 Procedure for Phase 2 approval 7
9.4 Revalidation testing procedure 8
9.5 Procedure for modifications to approved tape systems 8
10. COMPLIANCE 8
11. VARIANTS 8
TABLE
1 Batch size and sample size code for batch acceptance testing 6
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Page
APPENDICES
A DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHT 9
B STRENGTH TESTS 11
C ADHESION TEST (180
0
PEEL) 18
D EVALUATION OF RESISTANCE TO WATER IMMERSION 19
E DETERMINATION OF WATER ABSORPTION 21
F ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES 22
G THERMAL AGEING TEST 23
H EVALUATION OF RESISTANCE TO CATHODIC DISBONDING 24
I PENETRATION TEST 27
J SOIL STRESS TEST 28
K NATURAL WEATHERING TEST 32
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J325 ( Rev 08/98 ) - iii -
FOREWORD
This specification has been adopted by Transco and is an editorial revision of the former British Gas TransCo
specification GBE/CW2. It reflects the identity and organizational structure of Transco - a part of BG plc.
This Transco specification has been approved for use throughout Transco.
Comments and queries regarding the technical content of this Transco specification should be directed to:
Lead Engineer
Transco
Norgas House
PO Box 1GB
Killingworth
Newcastle upon Tyne
NE99 1GB
Further copies of this Transco specification can be obtained from Dataform Print Management using the print
requisition form G004 quoting the Form Number of this Transco engineering document (not the designation)
and your cost code.
Transco engineering documents are revised, when necessary, by the issue of new editions. Users should
ensure that they are in possession of the latest edition by referring to the Transco Register of Engineering
Documents available on the Transco Information Library.
Compliance with this engineering document does not confer immunity from prosecution for breach of statutory
or other legal obligations.
Contractors and other users external to Transco should direct their requests for further copies of Transco
engineering documents to the department or group responsible for the initial issue of their contract
documentation.
DISCLAIMER
This engineering document is provided for use by Transco and such of its contractors as are obliged by the
terms of their contracts to comply with this engineering document. Where this engineering document is used
by any other party, it is the responsibility of that party to ensure that the engineering document is correctly
applied.
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BRIEF HISTORY
First published as BGC/PS/CW2
Revision published as BG/PS/CW2
Amended issue published as GBE/CW2
September 1975
December 1988
February 1993
BG plc 1993
This Transco specification is copyright and must not be reproduced in whole or in part by any means without
the approval in writing of BG plc.
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J325 ( Rev 08/98 ) - 1 -
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FOR
PERFORMANCE TESTS FOR THE SUPPLY OF COLD
APPLIED WRAPPING TAPES AND TAPE SYSTEMS
INTRODUCTION
The preparation of a single set of conditions to ensure adequate control of quality and performance and yet
able to cover the great variety of types and application of wrapping tapes is clearly impracticable.
This Transco Technical Specification* therefore includes an 'umbrella' collection of tests in order to embrace
the wide variety of available tapes and tape systems. It is recognized however that for a specific tape or tape
system, only relevant tests will be carried out to ensure compliance with the Transco requirements for
performance.
* Hereinafter referred to as 'this specification'.
For the purposes of the operation of this specification, manufacturers shall be required to declare and agree
values of the properties covered by data sheets already compiled by Transco. This requirement applies to both
tapes and their respective primers. Ranges of these values shall then be agreed and used for quality assurance
purposes.
Suppliers wishing to submit new materials for approval should direct their enquiries to the address in the
foreword.
Due to the wide range of applications, it may be necessary for the Engineer to select a tape system for a
particular situation. The selection should be based on the data available in CW5.
1. SCOPE
1.1 This specification specifies the general test requirements for the maintenance of production quality
of cold applied wrapping tapes and tape systems required for corrosion protection of gas mains, pipelines and
fittings.
1.2 Particular test requirements for certain applications and or service conditions are also given.
1.3 Appropriate methods of test covering the various performance characteristics are specified in
appendices to this specification.
These test methods are not exclusive but should be used wherever possible, especially when claiming
compliance with this specification or in cases of dispute. Other equivalent proven tests may be proposed as a
variant for consideration by Transco.
2. REFERENCES
This specification makes reference to the documents listed below. Unless otherwise specified the latest
editions of these documents, including all addenda and revisions, shall apply.
British Standards
BS 358 - Method for the measurement of voltage with sphere-gaps (one sphere
earthed)
BS 903 - Physical testing of rubber:
Part A3 - Determination of tear strength (trouser, angle and crescent
test pieces)
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BS 1387 - Specification for screwed and socketed steel tubes and tubulars and for
plain end steel tubes suitable for welding or for screwing to BS 21
pipe threads
BS 1610 - Materials testing machines and force verification equipment:
Part 2 - Specification for the grading of equipment used for the
verification of the forces applied by materials testing machines
BS 6001 - Sampling procedures and tables for inspection by attributes
BS 7079 - Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related
products
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) publications
ASTM D 618 - Conditioning plastics and electrical insulating materials for testing
ASTM G 14 - Test for impact resistance of pipeline coatings (Falling weight test)
Transco specifications
CW5 - Code of practice for the selection and application of field applied
external pipework coatings
PA9 - Technical specification for paint properties and performance
requirements.
3. DEFINITIONS
For the purposes of this specification the following definitions shall apply:
Transco: Transco - a part of BG plc.
Contractor: the person, firm or company with whom Transco enters into a contract to which this
specification applies, including the Contractor's personal representatives, successors and permitted assigns.
Engineer: the Engineer appointed from time to time by Transco and notified in writing to the Contractor to
act as Engineer for the purposes of the contract.
4. GENERAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
4.1 All pigments, stabilizers or other additives to both tape and adhesive compound shall be evenly
dispersed throughout the material.
4.2 The tape and compound shall possess resistance to biological attack, either by the nature of their
chemical composition or by the addition of a biocide.
4.3 The tape shall be homogeneous throughout and shall be free from obvious defects. In the case of
plastics backed tapes, the edges shall be cleanly cut. The tape shall be uniform in colour, opacity and
dimensions.
4.4 Layers of adhesive or mastic compound shall be homogeneous and applied to the backing or carrier
evenly and shall be of consistent thickness appropriate to the tape.
4.5 The dimensions of the tape and compound, thickness, width and weight shall be declared. Methods
for determining these dimensions are specified in Appendix A. The length of tape shall be not less than 10 m,
unless specified otherwise, and free from discontinuities which can reduce the mechanical strength of the tape.
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J325 ( Rev 08/98 ) - 3 -
The temperature range for application and service of the particular tape system shall be declared by the
Contractor.
4.6 In those cases where an interleaved release material is used to prevent sticking of the tape in the
roll, this shall be easily removed from the tape under all conditions of application temperatures. The use of
interleaving material shall not impair the performance of the tape system.
4.7 Values for pigment/binder/volatiles content, flash point, viscosity, relative density and
recommended spreading rate shall be declared for all primers.
4.8 The recommended conditions and maximum storage period for materials supplied to meet this
specification shall be declared.
4.9 The Contractor may be required to demonstrate the compatibility of the tape system with other
coating materials and polyethylene (PE) pipe used by Transco.
4.10 The tape system shall have adequate strength and thickness to withstand handling during
application, laying operations and subsequent trench back filling.
5. APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS AND TESTS
5.1 General
The function of a wrapping tape applied to a buried pipeline or fitting is to provide a protective barrier coat
which will prevent corrosion processes by excluding moisture, air, bacteria, etc. When the pipe or fitting is to
be installed above ground, the tape system shall also resist natural weathering. In order to assess the
capability of the tape systems to perform these functions, the tests specified in 5.2 shall apply.
5.2 Physical and performance testing
5.2.1 Strength properties
5.2.1.1 General
To assess strength properties of the tape system, the tests specified in 5.2.1.2, 5.2.1.3 and 5.2.1.4 shall be
applied.
5.2.1.2 Tensile strength
A method of determining tensile strength and elongation at break is specified in B.1.2 and B.1.3 respectively.
The tensile strength and elongation to break tests combined, provide details of the uniformity and quality of
the tape. Tensile strength determines the ability to withstand stresses during application and use, whilst
elongation to break indicates the ability to conform to curved and irregular surfaces.
5.2.1.3 Tear strength
A method of determining tear strength is given in clause B.2.
5.2.1.4 Impact resistance
A method of determining impact resistance is given in clause B.3.
5.2.2 Adhesion
The tape system shall adhere strongly to the pipe surface, to itself at overlaps and to all other compatible
materials in common use by Transco over the declared range of application and service temperatures.
Tests shall be carried out as specified in Appendix C.
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5.2.3 Water absorption
It is necessary that wrapping tape systems shall have a minimum tendency to absorb and transmit water
vapour which would allow moisture to collect at the pipe surface to produce a potentially corrosive
environment and impair adhesion.
The tendency for a tape to absorb water may be determined by the two methods specified in Appendices D
and E.
5.2.4 Electrical properties
High electrical resistance is a required property of a wrapping tape system. However, in view of the high
voltages used in holiday detection, a knowledge of actual resistance is less desirable than a knowledge of the
breakdown potential of the tape. The coating system shall be able to resist a minimum voltage of 125 V per
25 m of thickness. The test method is specified in Appendix F.
5.2.5 Thermal ageing
Whilst it is not expected that tapes generally will have to endure high temperature exposure, in certain
situations (e.g. downstream of compressor stations) these conditions will arise. It is necessary, therefore, to
assess the effects of 'thermal ageing' on tape properties.
The test method shall include:
a) Tensile testing after ageing at 50
0
C: at least five pairs of tensile specimens shall be aged in
an oven at 50
0
C as specified in Appendix G and one pair tested by the methods specified in
Appendix B at intervals of 1, 7, 30, 100 and 200 days.
b) Weight loss through ageing at 50
0
C: triplicate specimens 50 mm 50 mm shall be attached to
aluminium foil squares of 60 mm side and aged in an oven at 50
0
C in accordance with
Appendix G. Weight losses shall be recorded at the intervals specified in a) above.
c) Adhesion after ageing at 50
0
C: samples of tape prepared for adhesion testing as specified in
Appendix C shall be aged in an oven at 50
0
C as specified in Appendix G for the periods
specified in a) above, and then tested for adhesion strength.
5.2.6 Cathodic disbonding
Tape systems are usually applied to gas mains, pipelines or fittings which are subject to cathodic protection. It
is essential that the tape system shall resist cathodic disbonding as determined by the method specified in
Appendix H.
5.2.7 Penetration
The ability of a tape, when applied to a buried gas main, pipeline or fitting, to perform satisfactorily when
subjected to compressive stresses caused by the combined weights of the pipeline itself and the trench backfill
material, shall be determined by the method specified in Appendix I.
5.2.8 Soil stress
Pipe coating can be subject to severe stresses caused by movement of surrounding soil and clay during
expansion and contraction caused by alternate wetting and drying. This problem could be experienced by
pipes and fittings operating at elevated temperatures, e.g. downstream of compressor stations. To determine
the effect of soil stressing, the method specified in Appendix J shall be used.
5.2.9 Natural weathering
Tape systems applied to exposed pipework must maintain their performance when exposed to the extremes of
UK climatic conditions. The Contractor shall be required to produce evidence that the tape system has
sufficient resistance to natural weathering.
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The test method shall be as specified in Appendix K.
6. QUALITY CONTROL
6.1 Manufacturing control
6.1.1 Tapes
The Contractor shall carry out a programme of tests on each type/size of tape based on the following intervals
of production runs:
Dimensions (see 4.5) - every 2 h
Tensile strength (see 5.2.1.2) - every 8 h
Tear strength (see 5.2.1.3) - every 8 h
Impact resistance (see 5.2.1.4) - every 8 h
Adhesion (see 5.2.2) - every 8 h
Electrical properties (see 5.2.4) - every 8 h.
The frequency of testing may be the subject of a proposal as a variant for consideration by Transco.
6.1.2 Primers
The viscosity, relative density, pigment, volatiles and binder shall be evaluated in accordance with PA9 on
each production batch.
6.2 Batch acceptance
The Contractor shall carry out batch testing. A batch is defined as the number of rolls of tape and primer for a
given order.
Testing shall be to the scheme given in Table 1 (which is generally taken from BS 6001), with an acceptable
quality level (AQL) of 10% for the requirements specified in 6.1.
The sampling plan employed shall be taken from either Table IIA or Table IIIA of BS 6001. Where a double
sampling plan is used (Table IIIA), only those aspects failing the requirements for the first sample need to be
tested on the second sample.
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TABLE 1 - Batch size and sample size code for batch acceptance testing
6.3 Reduced testing
When the Contractor has shown by consistently good results that it is not necessary for him to batch test
(see 6.2) or check at the frequency rate specified in 6.1, a reduced frequency of testing may be proposed as a
variant for consideration by Transco. If, at a later stage, an adverse change occurs in the relationship between
results and the agreed performance figures (see clause 11), the frequency of testing specified
in 6.1 and 6.2 shall be re-established.
7. MARKING
7.1 Wrapping tapes are usually supplied in rolls or similar form of unit quantities. Where appropriate,
the marking requirements also apply to primers, particularly 7.2 d) and f).
7.2 A system of marking or labelling on cartons shall be adopted which shall contain the following
information:
a) Contractors identity and place of manufacture.
b) Type or trade name of tape.
c) The width and length of tape in the unit.
d) A reference number or batch number, the date of manufacture and shelf life.
e) The type or trade name of primer to be used with the tape (if any).
f) Any health hazard associated with the product.
Details of the storage conditions for the tape/tape systems and primers shall be clearly displayed.
7.3 The system of marking shall remain fast under transportation, storage and site conditions.
8. PACKAGING
8.1 All materials shall be supplied in unit quantities which can be reasonably handled by the
applicators.
8.2 The tapes shall be suitably packaged so that, during stocking and transport, full quality of
performance is retained.
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9. TYPE APPROVAL SCHEME FOR NEW MATERIALS
9.1 Operational requirements of the acceptance scheme
9.1.1 The Contractor shall, in the first instance, submit a general description of the proposed coating
system or modified coating system to Transco. This submission shall include details of the duties for which
the coating has been developed and the performance figures determined in accordance with the test methods
specified in this specification.
9.1.2 The Contractor shall supply with his submission information concerning material and any toxic
hazards before any testing commences. This information shall be considered strictly confidential.
9.1.3 The type approval scheme is divided into two stages:
a) Phase 1 approval - allows the Contractor to market the coating system to Transco for a
period of 18 months, following the successful completion of short-term testing.
b) Phase 2 approval - is granted following the successful completion of the full test programme
during the period of Phase 1 approval.
9.1.4 Failure to complete Phase 2 approval tests will result in Phase 1 approval being withdrawn.
9.1.5 The introduction of a coating system into Transco shall follow the procedures specified in 9.2
and 9.3.
9.2 Procedure for Phase 1 approval
9.2.1 The Contractor shall demonstrate the suitability of his coating system with performance test results
suitable for the duties claimed.
9.2.2 Field trials to indicate the ease of handling and prove compatibility with existing coating systems
shall be carried out by the Contractor witnessed by the Engineer. Sites for trials will be made available by
Transco as determined by the Engineer.
The information resulting from all testing and trials will be assessed by the Engineer and, if deemed
satisfactory, Phase 1 approval will be confirmed in writing by Transco.
9.2.3 Quality control procedures specified to in clause 6 shall apply for all materials given Phase 1
approval.
9.2.4 A procedure for the application of the coating system, including the Health and Safety Executive
(HSE) safe handling requirements, shall be submitted to the Engineer, to be included in CW5 after Phase 2
approval has been granted.
9.3 Procedure for Phase 2 approval
9.3.1 The testing carried out for Phase 2 approval shall be on normal production material.
9.3.2 Laboratory testing, as specified in clause 5, shall be carried out by the Contractor.
Independent verification of these results may be carried out and the results will be submitted to the Contractor
in confidential form.
9.3.3 A report, confidential to Transco and the Contractor, will be circulated for internal purposes, to
include technical performance of the coating system.
9.3.4 Phase 2 approval of the coating system will only be granted if the system is deemed to be
satisfactory.
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9.4 Revalidation testing procedure
9.4.1 During normal operations, coating systems are checked from time to time. Where the performance
of a particular coating system is questionable, the manufacturing Contractor shall be advised by Transco and
approval suspended subject to investigation.
9.4.2 The Contractor may then seek re-approval as specified in 9.1, 9.2 and 9.3 having improved the
performance characteristics of the coating system.
9.5 Procedure for modifications to approved tape Systems
9.5.1 Any changes in formulation of the tape or tape systems supplied and tested in accordance with the
methods specified in this specification may be proposed as a variant for consideration by Transco. The
Contractor shall produce evidence confirming that the proposed changes will have no detrimental effect on the
safety, effectiveness and practicability of the tape system.
9.5.2 When a manufacturer wishes to assess properties of his tape or tape system by an alternative
method to those referred to in this specification, it may be proposed as a variant for consideration by Transco.
10. COMPLIANCE
10.1 In order to claim compliance with this specification, the Contractor is required to declare, for each
type of tape, values and limits of the relevant properties listed in this specification. It will be the responsibility
of the Contractor to maintain the quality of the tape within the agreed limits.
10.2 Should the Contractor wish to make any changes to his formulation or manufacturing process, such
changes or processes may be proposed as a variant for consideration by Transco.
11. VARIANTS
A contractor shall only propose variants to this specification where the text indicates that variants would be
considered by Transco.
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APPENDIX A
DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHT
A.1 INTRODUCTION
The dimensions and weight per unit area of wrapping materials are used as a rapid guide for quality control
purposes.
A.2 SCOPE
The procedure specified in clause A.5 is applicable to all types of wrapping material.
A.3 OUTLINE
The width, thickness and weight of tapes are measured directly and the length of the roll and the weight per
square metre are calculated.
A.4 APPARATUS
Micrometer dial gauge, graduations every 0.01 mm, with bench stand and a steel disc 25 mm diameter and
10 mm thick.
A.5 PROCEDURE
A.5.1 General
Remove the outer packaging material from the roll, together with the central former, and weigh the roll,
recording the weight to the nearest gramme.
Cut and discard the first metre of tape from each of the sample rolls
A.5.2 Test specimens
Cut a statistically significant number of test specimens, each 1 m 10 mm in length, from the sample. Apply
each specimen to a flat surface with light pressure and without tension and measure the width, recording the
result to the nearest millimetre.
A.5.3 Weight per metre
Weigh each of the test pieces, including any backing paper, then remove the backing paper and weigh this
separately. Record the weights to the nearest 0.1 g and obtain the weight per metre length of the tape by
difference.
A.5.4 Thickness
Cut an additional statistically significant number of test specimens from the sample of a size suitable for
placing on the base plate of the dial gauge. Leave any backing paper in place.
Place the steel disc on the base plate of the dial gauge and adjust the dial to read zero when positioned at the
surface of the disc. Interpose the specimen between the disc and base plate and record the thickness to
0.01 mm, then remove the backing paper and similarly measure its thickness.
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Calculation:
Length of the roll (m) = 1000( ) a b
Weight/m
2
(excluding backing paper) (kg) = c d
Thickness (mm) = e f
where a = weight/roll (including backing paper), in kg;
b = average weight/metre length (including backing paper), in g;
c = average weight/metre length (excluding backing paper), in g;
d = average width, in mm;
e = average thickness (including backing paper), in mm;
f = average thickness of the backing paper, in mm.
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APPENDIX B
STRENGTH TESTS
B.1 TENSILE STRENGTH AND ELONGATION AT BREAK
B.1.1 General
It is preferable to incorporate both the tensile strength and elongation at break test in one co-ordinated
procedure.
B.1.2 Tensile strength
B.1.2.1 Scope
The test method is designed to measure the tensile strength of a tape under specified conditions.
B.1.2.2 Equipment and test conditions
B.1.2.2.1 Tensile testing machine
The tensile testing machine shall operate in standard test room conditions and shall have the following
characteristics:
a) The force shall be indicated with a maximum error of 2%.
b) The speed of the moveable clamp shall be 300 30 mm/min.
c) The scale shall be such that the readings obtained are between 15% and 85% of full scale
deflection (FSD).
d) The clamps shall be of such a type as to prevent slipping or tearing of the tape.
e) Because results obtained with different tensile testing machines (e.g. pendulum or electric) are
not directly comparable, the type of machine used shall be included in the test report.
B.1.2.2.2 Test conditions
The tests shall be carried out at a temperature of 23 2
0
C and 50 5% relative humidity.
B.1.2.3 Test specimens
Discard the three outer turns of tape from the roll. Each specimen shall be 200 mm long. For tape widths
equal to or less than 25 mm, the actual tape width is adequate, but for tape widths greater than 25 mm, a
specimen 25 mm wide shall be cut longitudinally from the tape. Use a sharp knife to obtain clean-cut edges.
B.1.2.4 Procedure
B.1.2.4.1 Condition the sample roll for 24 h in the standard test conditions*, and then take five specimens
from the roll as specified in B.1.2.3.
* 24 h conditioning may be waived.
Remove the specimens radially from the roll at an approximate speed of 30 mm/s and then condition for a
further 2 h in the standard test conditions in order to remove all strain and distortion due to unrolling.
B.1.2.4.2 Set the clamps 100 mm apart.
Clamp the test specimen firmly so that the longitudinal axis is vertical and in line with the direction of the
applied force.
Check that the clamps move in the same plane and parallel to the applied force, and that the speed of
separation is 300 30 mm/min.
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B.1.2.4.3 Reject all specimens which break within 15 mm of the clamps and carry out sufficient further tests
to obtain five satisfactory test specimens.
B.1.2.5 Results
B.1.2.5.1 Arrange the five readings in ascending order and take the median value as the breaking strength of
the tape under test. Express the results in Newtons per centimetre width of tape.
B.1.2.5.2 For tapes wider than 25 mm, this test method provides for the tape to be cut down to 25 mm with a
well-sharpened instrument. In such cases, because of the better cutting of the edges, the results may be higher
than would be found on commercially cut tape.
B.1.3 Elongation at break
B.1.3.1 Scope
The test method is designed to measure the elongation of adhesive tape when it is subjected to a tensile force
sufficient to cause it to break.
B.1.3.2 Nature of test
The tape is held vertically by the two clamps of a tensile testing machine. A tensile test is carried out until the
tape breaks.
The elongation at break is the resultant increase in length of the tape immediately prior to breaking under
standard test conditions.
B.1.3.3 Equipment and conditions
The equipment and standard test conditions of B.1.2.2 shall apply.
B.1.3.4 Test specimens
The test specimens shall be obtained as specified in B.1.2.3.
B.1.3.5 Procedure
B.1.3.5.1 The procedure to be followed shall be as specified in B.1.2.4.
B.1.3.5.2 Measure the distance between the clamps at break.
B.1.3.6 Results
B.1.3.6.1 The results, as the percentage increase in the length of tape between the clamps when the tape
breaks, shall be recorded. The results shall be expressed as a percentage to the nearest whole number.
B.1.3.6.2 The five readings shall be arranged in ascending numerical order. The median shall be taken as the
elongation at break of the tape under test.
B.1.3.6.3 For tapes wider than 25 mm, this test method provides for the tape to be cut down to 25 mm with a
well-sharpened instrument. In such cases, because of the better cutting of the edges, the results may be higher
than would be found on commercially cut tape.
B.2 INITIAL TEAR RESISTANCE
B.2.1 Scope
B.2.1.1 This method covers the determination of the tear resistance of flexible plastics film and sheeting at
very low rates of loading. The test is designed to measure the force to initiate tearing. The specimen geometry
of this method produces a stress concentration in a small area of the specimen. The maximum stress, usually
found immediately prior to tearing, is recorded as the tear resistance in Newtons (or pounds-force).
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B.2.1.2 The values stated in SI units shall be regarded as the standard.
B.2.2 Principle of test
B.2.2.1 Tear resistance of plastics film or sheeting is a complex function of its ultimate resistance to
rupture. The specimen geometry and speed of testing in this method are controlled to produce tearing in a
small area of stress concentration at rates far below those usually encountered in service.
B.2.2.2 The data obtained from this method will furnish comparative information for the tearing resistance
of tape systems.
B.2.2.3 The resistance to tear of tape systems, while partly dependent upon thickness, has no simple
correlation with specimen thickness. While tearing forces measured in Newtons (or pounds-force) cannot be
normalized over a wide range of specimen thickness, this method can produce an indication of the actual
tearing resistance of the tape system. Therefore, the tearing resistance is expressed in maximum Newtons (or
pounds-force) of force to tear the specimen.
B.2.3 Apparatus
B.2.3.1 Testing machines
A suitable power driven machine as specified in B.1.2.2.1 will be required.
The speed of the movable clamps shall be 51 2 mm/min.
A suitable method of recording maximum load is required. The accuracy of the testing machine shall be
verified in accordance with BS 1610.
B.2.3.2 Punch
A punch having the dimensions shown in Figure B.1 shall be used to cut all specimens. The 90
0
angle should
be honed sharp with no radius or have a minimum practical radius. The cutting edges of the punch shall have
a 5
0
negative rake and shall be kept sharp and free from nicks to avoid leaving ragged edges on the specimen.
Cutting may be facilitated by wetting the surface of the sample and the cutting edges of the punch with water.
The sample shall rest on the smooth, slightly yielding surface that will not injure the punch cutting edges.
Light weight cardboard or a piece of leather belting is suitable. Care should be taken that the cut edges of the
specimen are perpendicular to its other surfaces and that the edges have a minimum of concavity.
B.2.3.3 Conditioning apparatus
Apparatus for maintaining laboratory atmospheric conditions of 23 2
0
C and 50 5% relative humidity for
conditioning prior to and during testing shall be used unless specified otherwise.
B.2.4 Test specimens
B.2.4.1 The test specimens shall conform to the dimensions shown in Figure B.1 and shall not vary by more
than 0.5% from these dimensions.
B.2.4.2 Data from specimens which break at some obvious flaw or within 15 mm of the clamps shall be
discarded. Tests shall be carried out until 10 satisfactory sets of results are obtained.
B.2.5 Conditioning
B.2.5.1 Initial conditioning
Condition the test specimens at 23 2
0
C and 50 5% relative humidity for not less than 40 h prior to test in
accordance with ASTM D 618 for those tests where conditioning is required. In cases of disagreement, the
tolerances shall be 1
0
C and 2% relative humidity.
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- 14 - J325 ( Rev 08/98 )
B.2.5.2 Test conditions
Conduct tests in the Standard Laboratory Atmosphere of 23 2
0
C and 50 5% relative humidity, unless
otherwise specified.
B.2.6 Speed of testing
The rate of travel of the power activated grip shall be 51 mm/min and shall be uniform at all times.
In this method, resistance to tear is calculated from the maximum load recorded by the testing machine. In
testing most plastics, this maximum load is generated at the outset of tearing across the 13 mm testing width
of the specimen. The accuracy of the initial advance of the recorder from its origin is of the utmost
importance. The response of the recorder shall be checked prior to testing.
B.2.7 Procedure
B.2.7.1 Place the specimen in the grips of the testing machine so that the long axis of the enlarged ends of
the specimen is in line with the points of attachment of grips to the machine.
B.2.7.2 Apply the load at 51 mm/min rate of grip separation. After complete rupture of the specimen, the
maximum tearing load shall be recorded.
B.2.8 Calculation
The average resistance to tearing shall be calculated from all specimens tested in each principal direction of
orientation.
Resistance to tear shall be expressed in Newtons. However, it should be realised that comparison between
samples of dissimilar thickness may not be valid.
B.2.9 Report
The report shall include the following:
a) Complete identification of the material tested, including type, source, manufacturer's code
number, form, principal dimensions, previous history, and orientation of sample with respect to
anisotropy, if any.
b) Type of testing machine used.
B.3 DETERMINATION OF IMPACT RESISTANCE
B.3.1 General
The procedure specified in B.3.2 to B.3.5 inclusive serves to assess the comparative resistance of coatings to
impact damage.
B.3.2 Test equipment
The following test equipment will be required:
a) A variable impact tester (ASTM G14, paragraph 4.2) with punch hammer type indentor
modified as shown in Figure B.2 to accommodate a 14.3 mm ( 9 16 in.) diameter ball bearing
and equipped with a minimum impact weight of 1 kg.
b) A sufficient supply of 14.3 mm ( 9 16 in.) diameter ball bearings manufactured from EN31
steel with a Vickers hardness of 800 to 930.
c) A calibrated holiday detector.
d) A calibrated thickness gauge.
CW2
J325 ( Rev 08/98 ) - 15 -
B.3.3 Procedure
B.3.3.1 Preparation of test pipes
B.3.3.1.1 The external surface of a 400 mm x 50 mm diameter steel pipe shall be prepared by blast cleaning
until it matches the Sa 2 1/2 -3 finish depicted in BS 7079.
B.3.3.1.2 The pipe shall be wrapped with the tape in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions using a
primer, if specified, and with an overlap of not less than 55%.
B.3.3.1.3 The wrapped portion of the pipe shall be tested with the holiday detector to ensure freedom from
coating defects. The output shall be set at 125 V per 25 m of tape thickness.
B.3.4 Testing
B.3.4.1 Sample pipes shall be tested according to the procedure detailed in ASTM G14, paragraphs 6 to 9
inclusive, using the apparatus specified in B.3.2.1. The additional modifications specified in B.3.4.2
to B.3.4.5 inclusive to the ASTM procedure shall apply.
B.3.4.2 Impact areas shall be tested for failure using the holiday tester set at a voltage of 125 V per 25 m
of coating thickness (this relates to coating thickness before impact damage).
B.3.4.3 A spacing of 10 mm to 15 mm between impacts will be necessary to enable the required number of
tests to be carried out on one test pipe.
B.3.4.4 After each impact, the ball bearing shall be rotated and, after every 20 impacts, the used ball
bearing shall be discarded and replaced with a new one.
B.3.4.5 A height increment of 10 mm shall be used between impacts.
B.3.5 Reporting results
The report shall include the following:
a) Complete identification of the specimen including:
1) Name or code number of coating.
2) Minimum, maximum and average coating thickness.
3) Date of test.
4) Coating temperature when tested.
5) Average impact energy in joules.
b) Other information that may be pertinent.
CW2
- 16 - J325 ( Rev 08/98 )
NOTES
1. All dimensions in millimetres.
2. This punch complies with the requirements of BS 903: Part A3.
FIGURE B.1 - Punch for tear test specimens
CW2
J325 ( Rev 08/98 ) - 17 -
FIGURE B.2 - Impactor and typical calculation
CW2
- 18 - J325 ( Rev 08/98 )
APPENDIX C
ADHESION TEST (1800 PEEL)
C.1 A tensometer with retractive jaws capable of adjustable constant speed shall be used.
C.2 The operating conditions shall be:
a) Temperature 23 2
0
C.
b) Relative humidity 50 2%.
C.3 Samples of each tape 25 mm wide and not less than 450 mm long (to allow the free end to be tightly
gripped in the moving jaw of the tensometer) shall be applied to a standard surface in accordance with the
manufacturer's recommendations.
C.4 The standard metal surface shall consist of a 300 mm 100 mm, 20 swg, Pyrene Gold Seal Test
Panel or equivalent (untreated and unpolished).
C.5 The tape specimen shall be affixed to the centre of the panel for 75% of its length. The free end of
the panel shall be gripped in the fixed jaw and the remaining length of the tape doubled back upon itself and
gripped firmly in the travelling jaw.
C.6 All specimens shall be in a standard condition (see clause C.2) for a minimum of seven days prior
to testing.
C.7 Peel adhesion testing shall then be carried out using a jaw separation rate of 100 mm/min.
C.8 All testing shall be carried out in triplicate and the average results quoted.
C.9 For each specimen, the mean force required to peel the tape shall be recorded. The average of three
results shall be quoted.
C.10 Results shall be reported as N/mm width peel strength.
CW2
J325 ( Rev 08/98 ) - 19 -
APPENDIX D
EVALUATION OF RESISTANCE TO WATER IMMERSION
D.1 GENERAL
The evaluation of resistance to water immersion serves to assess the comparative resistance of satisfactory
coatings, applied to components, to loss of adhesion due to water absorption. This specification defines a level
of adhesion after seven days and 28 days.
D.2 EQUIPMENT
The equipment required is as follows:
a) A water bath which shall be maintained at a temperature 50 2
0
C.
b) Holiday detector.
c) Twist drill 6 mm diameter.
d) Pointed sharp knife.
e) 450 mm long steel rod of 5 mm diameter.
f) Elastomeric adhesive for repairing test areas, e.g. Silastic silicone-rubber, grades RTV 738 or
RTV 732 or equivalent.
g) 80 mm diameter heavy weight mild steel pipe, 450 mm long complying with BS 1387.
D.3 PROCEDURE
D.3.1 General
D.3.1.1 Drill a 6 mm hole through the test pipe within 25 mm of one end.
D.3.1.2 Prepare the external surface of the service pipe by blast cleaning, until it matches the Sa 2 1/2 -3
finish depicted in BS 7079.
D.3.2 Preparation of test area
D.3.2.1 Wrap the pipe with the tape in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, using a primer, if
specified, and with an overlap of not less than 55%. Cover 300 mm of the pipe leaving 50 mm bare at one
end. Plug the wrapped end of the pipe with bituminous wax or other suitable material.
D.3.2.2 Test the wrapped portion of the pipe with the holiday detector to ensure freedom from holes.
D.3.3 Initial test procedure
D.3.3.1 Carry out an initial adhesion test as specified in D.3.4.
D.3.3.2 Suspend the specimen pipe, using a steel rod fitted through the 6 mm diameter hole, in a water bath
at 50 2
0
C to immerse all but the top 50 mm of the pipe.
D.3.3.3 Remove the pipe from the water bath at intervals of 24 h and allow to cool to ambient temperature.
D.3.3.4 Test the coating adhesion as specified in D.3.4.
D.3.3.5 Repair the test area using an elastomeric adhesive.
D.3.3.6 Return the pipe to the water bath immediately.
D.3.3.7 If after seven days immersion the coating adhesion is still satisfactory
,
return the pipe to the water
bath and repeat the adhesion test at another location on the pipe at intervals of seven days until failure occurs.
CW2
- 20 - J325 ( Rev 08/98 )
D.3.4 Investigation procedure
D.3.4.1 Using a sharp and pointed knife, make two 13 mm (approximately) long incisions through the
coating to the metal surface to form a Vee with an angle of intersection of 30
0
(approximately).
D.3.4.2 Starting at the tip of the Vee, force the coating from the steel substrate using the point of the sharp
knife.
D.4 REPORTING RESULTS
Refusal of the coating to peel or a complete cohesive failure within the system shall constitute a pass. Partial
or complete adhesive failure between the system and the primer if present, shall constitute a failure.
CW2
J325 ( Rev 08/98 ) - 21 -
APPENDIX E
DETERMINATION OF WATER ABSORPTION
E.1 The determination of water absorption test shall be carried out using duplicate samples
50 mm x 50 mm, which have been conditioned for 24 h at 23 2
0
C and in a relative humidity of 50%.
E.2 Fasten two samples of tapes back to back, (i.e. adhesive or compound surfaces in contact) and
suspend by a small wire hook inserted in one corner. After determining the weight of the combined samples,
immerse them in potable water at 50
0
C.
E.3 Remove the samples at seven day intervals from the water bath, dry for 6 h at a temperature of
23 2
0
C and a humidity of 50% and then weigh.
E.4 The increase in weight of the combined samples shall be expressed as a percentage of the initial
weight (less the weight of the hook) after each period of immersion until a constant value is obtained in each
case.
CW2
- 22 - J325 ( Rev 08/98 )
APPENDIX F
ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES
F.1 INTRODUCTION
After a wrapping has been applied to a pipe, the absence of holes shall be confirmed practically by applying a
high dc voltage between the pipe and an electrode contacting the surface of the wrapping. The dielectric
strength of a pipe wrapping material must therefore be able to withstand the holiday detection voltage without
breakdown of the tape.
F.2 SCOPE
The method shall be applicable to all types of pipe wrapping materials.
F.3 OUTLINE
A prepared metal pipe shall be wrapped with the tape under examination and a high dc voltage applied
between the metal and an electrode contacting the outer surface of the tape. The voltage shall be increased in
steps and the value recorded at which breakdown of the tape occurs.
F.4 APPARATUS
The following apparatus is required:
a) A holiday detector, having a variable voltage source covering the range 5 kV to 20 kV dc in
increments of 1 kV. The instrument shall be accurate to 500 V and calibrated in accordance
with BS 358. The holiday detection equipment specified may not be available commercially
but those which are can be adapted with a few simple modifications.
b) A flexible wire brush electrode, or agreed alternatives, suitable for use with the above
detector.
c) A piece of heavy weight mild steel pipe (complying with BS 1387), 300 mm long and with an
outside diameter of 42.5 mm (1.25 in. nominal bore).
F.5 PROCEDURE
Prepare the external surface of the mild steel pipe, by blast cleaning, until it matches the Sa 2 1/2-3 finish
depicted in BS 7079.
Wrap the prepared pipe with the tape in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, using a primer, if
specified. Apply the tape at the recommended tension and with an overlap of 55%. Condition the specimen for
seven days at 23 2
0
C and 50 2% relative humidity.
Connect the earth lead of the detector to the steel tube, set the output and brush the electrode over the surface
of the tape, noting the number and position of any sparks penetrating the wrappings.
The output shall be set to 125 V per 25 m of tape thickness.
Increase the voltage in steps of 1 kV above the intial setting and pass the electrodes over the surface at least
twice each time the voltage is increased. The breakdown voltage is reached when successive passes produce a
very large increase in the number of sparks observed and this value shall be recorded.
CW2
J325 ( Rev 08/98 ) - 23 -
APPENDIX G
THERMAL AGEING TEST
G.1 PURPOSE
The purpose of the thermal ageing test is to define the conditions for ageing, due to the effect of temperature,
in order to determine its influence on an adhesive tape designed to protect metal parts.
G.2 PRINCIPLE
The test subjects samples, consisting either of tape alone or of tape applied to a support (steel or glass plate),
to the action of high temperature and checks their appearance periodically. The other characteristics which
may be checked, at the end of the test, are given in the general technical specifications relating to the type of
tape and are not included in this specification.
G.3 EQUIPMENT
A chamber is required inside which the temperature can be regulated to 2
0
C for values of temperature
given in the particular test conditions relating to the type of tape.
G.4 PREPARATION OF TEST SAMPLE
Prepare the sample according to the specification for tests to be carried out after ageing (see 5.2.5).
G.5 METHOD OF OPERATION
Regulate the chamber temperature to the value given for the particular test conditions relating to the type of
tape.
Place the sample in the chamber so that there is free circulation of the air over its surface.
Keep the sample in the chamber for 200 days, checking the appearance of the tape for cracks, blisters, etc.
after 1, 7, 30,100 days and at the end of the test period.
Carry out further tests on the aged samples in compliance with 5.2.5.
G.6 EXPRESSING THE RESULTS
The report compiled from the tests shall state:
a) the type of tape and its identification;
b) the test temperature;
c) the number of samples; and for each sample:
1) the appearance of the tape;
2) all working details not included in the specification or which are optional and the
incidents liable to affect the results.
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- 24 - J325 ( Rev 08/98 )
APPENDIX H
EVALUATION OF RESISTANCE TO CATHODIC DISBONDING
H.1 GENERAL
The procedure specified in clauses H.2 and H.3 serves to assess the comparative resistance of damaged pipe
coatings to loss of adhesion when exposed to cathodic protection in potentially corrosive soils and is the
preferred method to be used. Alternative methods may be proposed as a variant for consideration by Transco.
H.2 TEST REQUIREMENT
H.2.1 Apparatus
The following test apparatus will be required:
a) A stabilized dc power unit having an output of 12 V and a capability to supply 20 mA
simultaneously to each test area in circuit. (A suitable circuit is shown in Figure H.1 a)).
b) Digital voltmeter, range 0 to 1.999 V (3.5 digit), input impedance 10
3
M, accuracy
0.1% 1 digit at 20 1
0
C.
c) Variable resistor, range 1 K 10%, 1 W (one required for each specimen).
d) 75 mm length of 0.8 mm diameter platinum wire, or similar length of 6 mm wide, 1.5 mm thick
platinized titanium strip (one required for each test area).
e) Holiday detection equipment.
f) Reference electrode of the saturated calomel type, constructed from glass or plastics with
porous plug. The diameter shall not be greater than 10 mm.
g) Twist drill 6 mm diameter sharpened to a cutting angle of 160
0
.
h) Equipment for maintaining the temperature of the specimens and test area at 23 2
0
C.
i) One length of rigid plastics pipe per test area shaped to fit the pipe to be used as a solution
container. Approximate dimensions 60 mm long 50 mm nominal bore.
j) Elastomeric adhesive for fixing plastics pipe to the test surface, e.g. a silastic silicone rubber
grade RTV 738 or RTV 732 or equivalent material.
k) Fixed resistor 1 2%, 1 W (one required for each test area).
I) 80 mm diameter heavy weight mild steel pipe, 450 mm long complying with BS 1387.
H.2.2 Reagent
An electrolyte comprising a sodium chloride solution, (3% W V) will be required. Dissolve 30 g of sodium
chloride (NaCl) in distilled water and make up to 1 litre.
H.3 PROCEDURE
H.3.1 Preparation of test pipes
H.3.1.1 Prepare the external surface of a pipe by blast cleaning, until it matches the Sa 2 1/2 -3 finish
depicted in BS 7079.
H.3.1.2 Wrap the pipe with the tape in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions using a primer, if
specified, and with an overlap of not less than 55%. Cover 300 mm of the pipe leaving 100 mm bare at one
end.
H.3.1.3 Test the wrapped portion of the pipe with the holiday detector to ensure freedom from coating
defects. The output shall be set at 125 V per 25 m of tape thickness.
CW2
J325 ( Rev 08/98 ) - 25 -
H.3.2 Preparation of test areas
H.3.2.1 Attach two pieces of plastics pipe, used as solution containers, to the coated surface using a suitable
elastomeric adhesive. Place them with their centres on the centre line of the pipe and equidistant from the pipe
ends and each other. Leave for 12 h to allow the adhesive to fully cure.
H.3.2.2 Drill a 6 mm diameter hole through the coating to the metal surface in the centre of each test area
(see H.2.1 g) and Figure H.1 a)).
H.3.3 Initial test procedure
H.3.3.1 Fill each plastics pipe to a depth of approximately 50 mm with sodium chloride electrolyte,
(see H.2.2) and set the apparatus up as shown in Figure H.1 a). Increase the temperature of the specimens and
test area to 23 2
0
C. Maintain this temperature throughout the test period.
H.3.3.2 Connect a voltmeter and reference electrode to each test rig in turn as shown in Figure H.1 b). With
the tip of the calomel reference electrode positioned approximately 10 mm from the centre of the hole, adjust
the voltmeter reading to read minus 1500 mV with respect to the calomel electrode. Carry this out using the
variable resistance shown in Figure H.1 a).
H.3.3.3 At intervals of 24 h, record the voltmeter indication for each test area and adjust the variable
resistor to correct any drift from the minus 1500 mV setting. Also, every 24 h, record the current flow by
measuring the voltage drop across the 1 fixed resistor.
H.3.3.4 Check the plastics pipes every 24 h for loss of electrolyte and make the level up with distilled water
when necessary.
H.3.4 Investigation procedure
H.3.4.1 Remove the electrolyte and plastics pipe from one test site after seven days and remove excessive
moisture.
H.3.4.2 Using a sharp pointed knife, make two 13 mm (approximately) long incisions through to the metal
surface extending radially from the 6 mm hole and at an angle of approximately 30
0
to each other to form a
truncated 'V' (vee).
H.3.4.3 Starting at the tip of the truncated Vee, force the coating from the steel substrate using the sharp
pointed knife.
H.3.4.4 Repeat the investigation procedure at the second test site after 28 days.
H.3.5 Elevated temperature test
Concurrently with the test being carried out at 23
0
C, carry out a similar test at a temperature of 50 2
0
C.
The results of the latter test shall be quoted by the manufacturer.
H.3.6 Reporting of results
The amount of disbonding shall be quoted as the radius from the edge of the pre-damage to which the coating
peels easily from the metal surface.
CW2
- 26 - J325 ( Rev 08/98 )
a) Cathodic disbonding test rig
b) Voltage adjustment circuit
FIGURE H.1 - Cathodic disbonding test apparatus
CW2
J325 ( Rev 08/98 ) - 27 -
APPENDIX I
PENETRATION TEST
I.1 The apparatus shall be a test unit consisting of a brass rod of known diameter which bears on the
prepared specimen. The rod shall be weighted to exert predetermined loads (e.g. 1.4 MN/m
2
) and the rate of
penetration shall be monitored using a Mercer type dial gauge.
I.2 The operating conditions shall be:
a) Temperature 23 2
0
C.
b) Relative humidity 50 2%.
I.3 A specimen shall consist of two thicknesses of tape applied to a flat brass test plate. If the thickness
of the tape has not already been determined, the double thickness shall be measured with a micrometer before
applying to the brass test plate.
I.4 Place a tape specimen mounted on a brass test plate below the brass rod and load with an agreed
weight. Take an initial reading from the penetration gauge.
I.5 Take further readings at 24 h intervals.
I.6 The difference between readings in clause I.5 and the initial reading are the penetrations at the time
of measurement.
I.7 The film thickness remaining under the rod at any given time is the difference between the
penetration gauge readings at that time and at the start of the test from the thickness as measured in clause I.3.
I.8 Plot the film thickness against time to show the rate of deformation. Maximum penetration is
reached when this curve becomes asymptotic with the axis.
CW2
- 28 - J325 ( Rev 08/98 )
APPENDIX J
SOIL STRESS TEST
J.1 APPARATUS
The apparatus shall consist of a rectangular trough with provision to house coated specimens through which
hot water can be circulated, simulating hot gas flow. This effectively dries out the surrounding clay mix in a
manner analogous to that expected in actual field operation. Provision shall be made in the apparatus to
bypass a specimen in the event of failure so that it may be withdrawn without interruption of testing of the
remaining specimens.
J.2 OPERATING CONDITIONS
The tests shall be carried out under ambient conditions of temperature and relative humidity. Drying of clay
slurry shall be accomplished by circulating water at 50
0
C.
J.3 SPECIMENS
J.3.1 A test specimen shall be made up from a 450 mm length of 80 mm diameter heavy weight mild steel
pipe complying with BS 1387. It shall be fitted with end caps as shown in Figures J. 1 and J.2 and the surface
of the pipe blast cleaned until it matches the Sa 2 1/2 - 3 finish depicted in BS 7079.
J.3.2 Apply the relevant protective tape systems in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions with
overlaps of not less than 55%.
J.3.3 Carry out a holiday detector test to confirm that the applied coating is free from defects.
J.3.4 Carefully fit each specimen into the hot water circulation system of the apparatus (see Figure J.3)
and check to ensure that there are no leaks before covering with clay slurry to a depth of not less than 100 mm
above specimens.
J.3.5 Prepare the clay slurry from a preparatory natural clay (e.g. Berkbond No.1 Ground Natural Clay -
or equivalent) and mix with water in proportions stated in Figure J.3.
J.3.6 Circulate hot water through the system of specimens and clay slurry until the latter has completely
dried out (approximately two to three weeks).
J.3.7 Carefully free the specimens from the dried clay adherent and inspect for stress damage.
J.3.8 Repeat the procedure for those specimens whose condition is still considered acceptable until failure
occurs or fifteen cycles is reached.
J.3.9 Record the number of cycles to failure. One cycle comprises a complete wetting and drying process.
Failure shall be deemed to have occurred when any specimen fails a holiday detection test.
J.3.10 For comparative purposes, before and after testing and at intervals during testing, a photographic
record shall be kept and made available for inspection on request.
J.3.11 All specimens shall be tested in duplicate.
CW2
J325 ( Rev 08/98 ) - 29 -
NOTE The end caps should be made of brass with a compression fitting for
15 mm copper piping, as shown in the above diagram. The free end of the copper
piping should have a pressure fitting to enable easy connection to the main
circulating system. The end cap is sealed using a square section O ring.
FIGURE J.1 - Dimensions of end cap
CW2
- 30 - J325 ( Rev 08/98 )
NOTE The end caps shall be attached to the specimen as shown in the above
diagram.
FIGUREJ.2 Attachment of end caps
CW2
J325 ( Rev 08/98 ) - 31 -
FIGURE J.3 - Soil box apparatus
NOTES
1. The soil box apparatus basically consists of a rectangular trough with provision to house the
specimens through which hot water at 50
0
C can be circulated. The trough shall be deep enough to house the
specimens and to enable clay slurry to be added to a height of 100 mm above the specimen. Provision is also
made in the apparatus to by-pass each specimen site in the event of failure or leak.
2. The Ground Natural Clay should conform to the following average analysis:
SiO
2
56.90%
TiO
2
0.52%
Al
2
O
3
15.18%
Fe
2
O
3
9.50%
FeO 0.10%
MgO 2.70%
CaO 2.10%
Na
2
O 0.30%
K
2
O 0.70%
Bound water 11.90%
It shall be ground to give 96% passing a 100 mesh sieve. It should have a liquid limit of 150 to 200 and a
plastic limit of 30.
The Ground Natural Clay shall be mixed with water to form a slurry in the proportions of:
95 parts by weight of clay
110 parts by weight of water.
CW2
- 32 - J325 ( Rev 08/98 )
APPENDIX K
NATURAL WEATHERING TEST
K.1 GENERAL
The natural weathering test serves to assess the comparative resistance of tape systems to natural weathering.
K.2 NATURE OF TEST
The test consists of exposing tape samples and tape wrapped pipe for 12 months to natural atmospheric
agents. After exposure, tape samples and tape wrapped pipe shall be tested to establish whether the properties
of the system have deteriorated.
K.3 PREPARATION OF SPECIMENS
K.3.1 Tape samples
Before removing samples from the roll, the first three turns shall be discarded. Five lengths shall be removed,
200 mm long and the same width as the tape. For widths 25 mm or above, a sample 25 mm wide shall be cut
longitudinally from the tape. A sharp knife shall be used to obtain clean-cut edges.
K.3.2. Tape wrapped pipe
K.3.2.1 The external surface of 450 mm lengths of 80 mm diameter heavy weight mild steel pipe shall be
prepared by blast cleaning, to match the Sa 2 1/2-3 finish depicted in BS 7079.
K.3.2.2 The pipe shall be wrapped with tape in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, using a
primer when specified, and with an overlap of not less than 55%.
K.4 EQUIPMENT
K.4.1 Suitable racks, capable of supporting test specimens at an angle 45
0
to the horizontal, shall be
supplied. Tape samples shall be supported by clamping on to a rigid backing material.
K.4.2 Racks shall be positioned so that specimens face south and shall not be shaded from the sun at any
time except by clouds.
K.5 PROCEDURE
K.5.1 Continuously expose the wrapped pipe and tape samples to the atmospheric conditions for a period
of 12 months. Rotate the pipes circumferentially by 45
0
every seven days to obtain uniform exposure.
K.5.2 After 12 months exposure, measure the tensile strength and elongation at break of the tape samples
to determine whether any embrittlement of the coating has taken place. Measure the tensile strength and
elongation using the methods specified in Appendix B.
K.5.3 After 12 months exposure, examine pipe samples for signs of discolouration, separation, cracking,
blistering, shrinkage between the lines of overlap, and contraction at the ends. In order to determine whether
any deterioration in adhesion has taken place, subject pipe samples to water immersion and cathodic
disbonding tests using the methods specified in Appendices D and H.

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