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Definition of Pneumonia
Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs in one
or both lungs. The air sacs may fill with fluid or pus,
causing cough with phlegm or pus, fever, chills and
difficulty breathing. A variety of organisms, including
bacteria, viruses and fungi, can cause pneumonia.

Symptoms of Pneumonia
Signs and symptoms of pneumonia include:
*Fever, sweating and shaking chills
*Lower than normal body temperature in people older than
age 65, and in people with poor overall health or weakened
immune systems
*Cough, which may produce thick, sticky fluid
*Chest pain when you breathe deeply or cough
*Shortness of breath
*Fatigue and muscle aches
*Nausea, vomiting or diarrhea
*Headache

Causes




15-17 minutes




Discussion,
Lecture,
Interaction





Visual Aids




After the discussion the
clients would be able to:
*Identify and understand
what is Pneumonia is all
about
*Identify the importance of
lifestyle improvement and
development related to
Pneumonia
*Acquire updates and vital
information regarding
Pneumonia

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n nu ut tr ri it ti io on n
*Bacteria
*Vruses
Community-acquired pneumonia
Community-acquired pneumonia is the most common type of
pneumonia. It occurs outside of hospitals and other health
care facilities, and may be caused by:
Bacteria, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae. Bacterial
community-acquired pneumonia can occur on its own or after
you have a cold or respiratory flu. This type of pneumonia
often affects one area (lobe) of the lung, a condition called
lobar pneumonia.
Bacteria-like organisms, such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae,
which typically produce milder signs and symptoms than do
other types of pneumonia. "Walking pneumonia," a term used
to describe pneumonia that isn't severe enough to require bed
rest, may result from Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
Viruses, including some that are the same type of viruses that
cause colds and flu. Viruses are the most common cause of
pneumonia in children younger than 2 years. Viral pneumonia
is usually mild. But viral pneumonia caused by certain
influenza viruses, such as sudden acute respiratory syndrome
(SARS), can become very serious.
Fungi, which can be found in soil and in bird droppings. This
type of pneumonia is most common in people with an
underlying health problem or weakened immune system and
in people who have inhaled a large dose of the organisms.
Hospital-acquired pneumonia
Hospital-acquired pneumonia is a bacterial infection that
occurs in people 48 hours or more after being hospitalized for
another condition. Hospital-acquired pneumonia can be
serious because the bacteria causing it may be more resistant
to antibiotics.
People who are on a breathing machine (ventilator), often
used in intensive care units, are at higher risk of this type of
pneumonia.
Health care-acquired pneumonia
Health care-acquired pneumonia is a bacterial infection that
occurs in people who are living in long-term care facilities or
have been treated in outpatient clinics, including kidney
dialysis centers. Like hospital-acquired pneumonia, health
care-acquired pneumonia can be caused by bacteria more
resistant to antibiotics.
Aspiration pneumonia
Aspiration pneumonia occurs when you inhale food, drink,
vomit or saliva into your lungs. This aspiration may happen if
something disturbs your normal gag reflex, such as a brain
injury, swallowing problem, or excessive use of alcohol or
drugs.


Risk Factors
*Infants and children younger than age 2 years, because their
immune systems are still developing
*People older than age 65
Other risk factors include:
*Certain chronic diseases, such as asthma, chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease and heart disease
*Weakened or suppressed immune system, due to factors
such as HIV/AIDS, organ transplant, chemotherapy for cancer
or long-term steroid use
*Smoking, which damages your body's natural defenses
against the bacteria and viruses that cause pneumonia
*Being placed on a ventilator while hospitalized



Treatments and Drugs
Antibiotics, to treat bacterial pneumonia. It may take time to
identify the type of bacteria causing your pneumonia and to
choose the best antibiotic to treat it. Symptoms often improve
within three days, although improvement usually takes twice
as long in smokers. If your symptoms don't improve, your
doctor may recommend a different antibiotic.
Antiviral medications, to treat viral pneumonia. Symptoms
generally improve in one to three weeks.
Fever reducers, such as aspirin or ibuprofen.
Cough medicine, to calm your cough so you can rest.
Because coughing helps loosen and move fluid from your
lungs, it's a good idea not to eliminate your cough completely.

Lifestyle and Home Remedies
*Get plenty of rest
*Stay home from school or work until after your temperature
returns to normal and you stop coughing up mucus. Because
pneumonia can recur, it's better not to return to a full
workload until you're sure you're well. Ask your doctor if
you're not sure.
*Drink plenty of fluids, especially water, to help loosen
mucus in your lungs.
*Take the entire course of any prescribed medications. If you
stop medication too soon, your lungs may continue to harbor
bacteria that can multiply and cause your pneumonia to recur.





Referrence:
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pneumonia/basics/treatment/con-20020032

Fhaiza G. Escio
BSN III-A

Ms. Grace Ann L.Lagura
Clinical Instructor