Study Material Computer Networks VSAT Technology

Prepared By Mrs. . Neema e! Bo"eena

Session V# $sessionV##
The VSAT Technology
1. Introduction
2. VSAT bands
3. Components of VSAT system
4. VSAT access schemes
. VSAT topologies
!. VSAT Ad"antages and disad"antages
#. Applications of VSAT
1. Introduction
VSAT stands for Very Small Aperture Terminal
It provides value added satellite based services
VSAT supports
Internet
Data
Video
Audio LAN
FAX
VSAT can be used in
Private networs
Public networs
2. VSAT bands
VSAT operates in two different bands
T!ey are
"u band
# band
$and %plin& fre'uency (o)nlin& fre'uency
# band $%&'$ to (%)'$ *!+ ,%-.. to )%'.. */+
01t # band (%-'$ to -%.'$ */+ )%$.. to )%2.. */+
"u 3and4 )%... to 4)%$.. */5 4.%&$. to 44%-.. */+
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Study Material Computer Networks VSAT Technology
Prepared By Mrs. . Neema e! Bo"eena
Session V# $sessionV##
"u band based networ are used in 0urope and Nort! America%
"u band uses smaller si+ed antennas
#6band based networs are used in Asia7 Africa7 Latin America7%
#6band uses very lar8e antenna%
3. Components of VSAT systems.
T!ere are t!ree components in a VSAT nertwor%
T!ey are
i. Master Earth Station
ii. Remote Earth Station
iii. Satellite
i. Master Earth Station
o t!is is also called as #entral /ub Station%
o It controls t!e entire operation of t!e networ%
o T!e Subsystem of 9aster 0art! station are
Network Management System Ser!ers allows networ operator
to monitor and control t!e networ%
The operator !as t!e ability to view modify and download
confi8uration information to VSAT%
(arge Antenna of ( meters
Transmission e)uipment
*eception e)uipment
Backup power system
Air conditioning system.
*adio +re)uency ,*+- .)uipment
#ntermediate +re)uency ,#+- .)uipment
Base/Band .)uipment
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Study Material Computer Networks VSAT Technology
Prepared By Mrs. . Neema e! Bo"eena
Session V# $sessionV##
o In Pri!ate Networks !ub is collocated wit! user data processin8
o In shared hu" network it is connected to user e:uipment;s terrestrial
bacbone%
o T!e *+ .)uipment !as t!e followin8 subsystems
a% Antenna
b% Low6noise amplifier <LNA=
c% Down6converter
d% >p6converter
e% /i8! power amplifier
o T!e #+ and "ase/"and e)uipment !as t!e followin8 subsystems
a% IF combiner?divider
b% 9odulator
c% Demodulator
d% Processin8 e:uipment for satellite c!annel interface
e% #ustomer e:uipment interface
o T!e satellite e:uipment interface provides t!e interface to customer !ost
e:uipment and protocol emulation%
o Fi8 below s!ows a VSAT structure
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Study Material Computer Networks VSAT Technology
Prepared By Mrs. . Neema e! Bo"eena
Session V# $sessionV##
ii. Remote Earth Station
o T!is is installed on t!e customer;s premises%
o T!is consists of t!ree ma@or subsystems
o VSAT remote eart! station is s!own below
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VSAT
VSAT
VSAT
*aster +arth Station
or
Central ,ub
VSAT
VSAT
VSAT
Satellite
Study Material Computer Networks VSAT Technology
Prepared By Mrs. . Neema e! Bo"eena
Session V# $sessionV##
o T!ey are
a. The Outdoor unit (ODU)
b. The indoor unit (IDU)
c. Interfacility link (I!)
a. The Outdoor unit (ODU)
T!is is installed in t!e 8round%
T!is consists of
4%2m offset feed antenna
Solid6state amplifier<SSPA=
Low nose amplifier <LNA=
Feed !orn
T!e antenna system consists of
Parabolic reflector
Feed !orn and a mount
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Terminal
#ontroller
Indoor
unit
0P0X
SSPA A
LNA
Butdoor
unit
Study Material Computer Networks VSAT Technology
Prepared By Mrs. . Neema e! Bo"eena
Session V# $sessionV##

T!e feed !orn is mounted on t!e antenna frame at its focal point by
support arms%
T!e feed !orn directs?collects t!e transmitted?received power
toward?from it .
T!e CFT is mounted on t!e antenna frame and is interconnected to
t!e feed !orn%
CFT !as t!e followin8 subsystems
o (ow noise ampli&iers ,(NA-4/ desi8ned to minimi+e t!e noise
o own con!erters &or ampli&ication 4
o own con!erters o& the recei!ed signal
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-eed ,orn
.ecei"ed signal
Transmitted signal
/arabolic
reflector
Study Material Computer Networks VSAT Technology
Prepared By Mrs. . Neema e! Bo"eena
Session V# $sessionV##
b. The indoor unit (IDU)
T!is unit acts as modem between outdoor unit and VSAT
networ product%
It !as
Modulator 4 t!is superimposes base band si8nal
from t!e networ nodes on a !i8! fre:uency carrier%
*+T 4 T!is is t!en upconverted by t!e CFT%
Ampli&ier4 amplified by t!e amplifier
Transmitter4 transmitted "y the transmitter.
emodulator 4 Ceceives t!e si8nal form t!e CFT in
t!e IF ran8e and demodulates %
T!e ID> interfaces wit! user e:uipments%
It also performs protocol conversion on t!e input data%
c. Interfacility link (I!)
T!e outdoor unit is connected t!rou8! a low loss coa1ial
cable to t!e indoor unit usin8 IFL%
T!is uses a cable of appro1imately ,.. feet%
". Satellite
All si8nals sent between #S$T eart! station are beamed t!rou8! t!e
satellite%
VSAT system uses a 8eostationary satellite orbitin8 around ,(...m from
8round%
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Study Material Computer Networks VSAT Technology
Prepared By Mrs. . Neema e! Bo"eena
Session V# $sessionV##
4. VSAT access schemes
9ost commonly used access sc!emes are
i. T(*0T(*A
ii. -(*A
iii. (A*A
i". 1CS
". C(*A
i. T(*0T(*A
Time Division 9ultiple1 or Time Division 9ultiple Access
T!is uses low speed ,..bps to 4&'.. bps%
In TD9A all VSAT s!are satellite resources on a time slot basis
VSAT services based on TD9A are pacet switc!ed networ
T!e !ub
9ana8es access to all networ terminals
Performs data routin8
Terminals transmit data to and from !ub in s!ort bursts on s!ared satellite
c!annels%
T!e !ub communicates wit! VSAT terminals usin8 a s!ared !i8! speed
TD9 satellite carrier called outbound carrier
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Study Material Computer Networks VSAT Technology
Prepared By Mrs. . Neema e! Bo"eena
Session V# $sessionV##
Terminals transmit data bac to !ub usin8 inbound carriers usin8 TD9
protocols%
3ased on t!e re:uirement time intervals can be dynamically c!an8ed%
a- +i7ed Assigned TMA
VSAT can access inbound route on fi1ed assi8ned TD9A mode%
0ac! VSAT is allocated a specific time slot or slots%
VSAT allotted one or more slots cannot be permitted to use available free
slots%
"- Slotted A(89A
VSAT can access any slot at any time wit! t!e remote sites randomly
transmittin8 messa8es on t!e inbound transmission pat!%
D!en two or more sites transmit pacets simultaneously collision occurs
w!ere t!e !ub station will not receive any of t!e affected pacets%
Bn detectin8 collision7 remote sites under8o a random transmission delay
and re6transmit t!e pacet in anot!er time slot before t!e transaction is
complete%
c. ynamic reser!ation
As t!e traffic 8rows at t!e site7 t!e VSAT senses t!e same and switc!es
over to a fi1ed assi8ned TD9A mode%
T!is switc!in8 is done dynamically
ii. -(*A
-re'uency (i"ision *ultiple Access
All t!e VSATs s!are t!e satellite resource on t!e fre:uency domain%
T!is is implemented in mes! or sin8le satellite !op topolo8y%
FD9A variants
Single channel /er Carrier 2SC/C3
T!is is also nown as PA9A <Pre Assi8ned 9ultiple Access%
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Study Material Computer Networks VSAT Technology
Prepared By Mrs. . Neema e! Bo"eena
Session V# $sessionV##
T!e simplest protocol is S#P#%
Dit! S#P#7 sites wit! VSAT dis!es can communicate directly wit! eac!
ot!er usin8 dedicated point6to6point satellite c!annel7
>ser data is transmitted to t!e satellite continuously on a sin8le satellite
carrier%
In point6to6point system7 satellite si8nal is received on a sin8le location
In broadcast application7 satellite si8nal is receive at many locations%
S#P# data bandwidt! is 2%)9bps%
S#P# circuits cost t!e same as conventional leased line%
S#P# circuits also used as bacup terrestrial circuits
S#P# is used to broadcast data7 di8ital audio and video
si8nals%
S#P# can operate in 9#P# <9ultiple #!annel Per #arrier=
mode%
9#P# !as several data carrier7 multiple1ed into di8ital
a88re8ate%
iii. (A*A
(emand Assigned *ultiple Access
T!is is a sin8le !op satellite transmission networ%
T!is allows direct connection between any two
nodes in t!e networ%
T!e users s!are a limited pool of satellite c!annels%
Bn demand a pair of c!annels are assi8ned%
>sin8 t!at pair of c!annel call can be establis!ed%
Bnce t!e call is completed7 t!e c!annel is returned
to t!e pool%
T!is is suited for voice traffic and data traffic in
batc! mode%
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Study Material Computer Networks VSAT Technology
Prepared By Mrs. . Neema e! Bo"eena
Session V# $sessionV##
T!is is well suited for video conferencin8%
T!is supports t!e followin8 communications
Full mes!
Point to point
Point to multipoint
i". 1CS
1et)or& Control System
T!e networ allocates communications bandwidt! to eac! call from a pool of
fre:uency c!annels on a demand assi8ned basis%
D!en a caller maes a re:uest7 t!e re:uest is received by t!e N#S%
N#S will determine t!e validity of t!e call and find out t!e c!annel between t!e
caller and t!e callee%
After use7 t!ey are disconnected and t!e bandwidt! is freed and 8iven to ot!er
users%
Any remote site can be confi8ured and used as N#S%
Advanta8eE
Bne N#S can support 4...s of users%
It provides optimi+ed use of satellite bandwidt!
It will reduce satellite user;s money%
". C(*A
Code (i"ision *ultiple Access
T!is allocates uni:ue code for eac! VSAT%
T!is enables multiple VSATs to transmit simultaneously%
9ultiple VSAT can s!are t!e fre:uency band%
T!e data si8nal is combined wit! !i8! bit rate code si8nal%
Ceception is accomplis!ed by mi1in8 t!e incomin8 composite data or code si8nal
wit! locally 8enerated and corrected sync!roni+ed replica of code%
T!is uses Star topolo8y%
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Study Material Computer Networks VSAT Technology
Prepared By Mrs. . Neema e! Bo"eena
Session V# $sessionV##
T!is is suitable for very lar8e networs%
. VSAT Topologies
T!e most 8eneral topolo8ies are
i. Star
ii. *esh
i. Star
T!is is popular topolo8y
It uses a lar8e central eart! station called /ub%
T!e !ub antenna is ( to 44 metres diameter
T!e /ub controls7 monitors and communicates wit! lar8e number of VSATs%
T!is is suitable for centrali+ed data applications%
3ans use t!is ind of networ%
Star networ is s!own below
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Study Material Computer Networks VSAT Technology
Prepared By Mrs. . Neema e! Bo"eena
Session V# $sessionV##
ii. *esh
*roup of VSATs communicate directly wit! eac! ot!er%
T!e !ub in t!is networ performs only monitorin8 and control functions%
T!is is suited for telep!ony applications%
Fi8ure below s!ows mes! topolo8y
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VSAT
VSAT
VSAT
VSAT
VSAT
VSAT
VSAT
VSAT
VSAT
VSAT
VSAT
Study Material Computer Networks VSAT Technology
Prepared By Mrs. . Neema e! Bo"eena
Session V# $sessionV##
Star "s *esh
Star *esh
/i8! Pro8a8ation delay Low Pro8a8ation delay
>sed by TD9A VSATs >sed by PA9A?DA9A?VSATs
/i8! central !ub investment cost Lover central !ub investment cost
VSAT antenna si+e <app 4%2 meter= VSAT antenna si+es !i8!er
Lower VSAT costs suited for interactive
applications%
VSAT costs suited for !i8! data traffic
!. VSAT ad"antages and disad"antages
Ad!antages
i. Cost e&&ecti!e 4
#!ar8es for VSAT cost t!e same independent of distances%
#ost per connection comes down w!en a customer adds users
ii. <ide *ange o& ser!ices
VSAT supports t!e followin8 networs
o SNA?SDL#
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VSAT
VSAT
VSAT
VSAT
VSAT
VSAT
Study Material Computer Networks VSAT Technology
Prepared By Mrs. . Neema e! Bo"eena
Session V# $sessionV##
o 3S# <,'-.?,-2.=
o X%'$
o X%,
o PAD
o T#P?IP
T!e response time is reduced%
iii. =lo"al co!erage
#ommunication via satellite is not restricted to national borders
i!. Continuity o& ser!ice
VSAT communication !as limited number of components compared to
ot!er communication networs%
So
o Number of units sub@ect to malfunctionin8 is limited
o 3ac up of units is limited%
o Fault identification time is minimal%
o Service time is minimal%
!. Multicasting and "roadcasting
VSAT communication is not limited to point6to6point communication%
VSAT allows broadcastin8
So simultaneously and un interrupted data transmission to all destination is
possible%
!i. *elia"ility> &le7i"ility and Scala"ility
VSAT is reliable due to ri8id structure and constant mode of operation%
It is fle1ible to install VSAT in any type of environment%
Nodes and VSAT units can be dynamically added to VSAT networ%
!ii. Central inspection and management
A dama8ed VSAT terminal at an end6point does not affect t!e continuity
of communication%
T!is is because of bacup of !ub station at more t!an one location%
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Study Material Computer Networks VSAT Technology
Prepared By Mrs. . Neema e! Bo"eena
Session V# $sessionV##
Since
o VSAT is small of si+e
o installation is :uicer7
o servicin8 is :uicer recovery is :uicer%
Disad%anta&es
Cost4
T!e cost of procurement and installation of VSAT is !i8!%
elay4
T!e transmission delay is too 8reat as t!e si8nal travels from t!e 8round to
and from a satellite at about '',.. miles up%
Security4
Information transmitted via VSAT networ could be intercepted by t!ird
party%
Security measures suc! as data encryption tec!ni:ues are needed%
#nteropera"ility4
VSAT networ will connect to ot!er terrestrial networ%
Bbtainin8 optimum performance in !ybrid system is very c!allen8in8%
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