AP US History Ch 30-31 The American Pageant Test Study Guide

Consider the 5 Ws when thining a!out history" Who# What# When# Where# $ Why%How is it im&ortant'
Ch 30 Wi(sonian Progressi)ism at Home and A!road# 1*1+-1*1, -1+
th
edition. /Ch +* in 13
th
edition0
Before election as President in 1912, Woodrow Wilson had been (progressive reform) state governor of N
(!on of a Presb"terian minister # president of Princeton $niversit")
%s &ov of New erse"('emocrat), Woodrow Wilson established a record a s a passionate reformer
(n 1912, Wilson ran for president on 'emocratic platform incl)ding antitr)st legislation, monetar" reform,
tariff red)ctions, s)pport for small b)siness, What abo)t dollar diplomac"*
When ane %ddams nominated +, for President in 1912, it s"mboli-ed the rising political stat)s of women
./dd b0c she was a pacifist # anti1imperialist while +, was a 2ingoist and imperialist of the highest order3
+,4s New Nationalism s)pported a broad program of social welfare # gov4t
p5677 895 :onsolidation of tr)sts # labor )nions, reg)lator" agencies, female s)ffrage, social ins)rance, min wage
p5679 +, was shot while delivering a speech # was saved b" a thic; speech # his glasses4 case # he contin)ed to spea; even w0the b)llet lodged in side is chest
Wilson4s New <reedom favored small enterprise # entreprene)rship
pp56771679 895 <ree f)nctioning, )nreg)lated, )n1monopoli-ed mar;ets # no social welfare
Not reg)lation b)t fragmentation of combinations w0antitr)st laws
1912 election was notable b0c it gave voters a clear choice of political # economic philosophies
1912 Presidential candidates= Woodrow Wilson1'emocrat (winner), +,1Progressive0>B)ll ?oose,>
William @oward +aft1,ep)blican (1921 appointed :hief )stice of the $! !)preme :o)rt),
8)gene A5 'ebs1!ocialist
%ccording to te9tboo;, r)n awa" philosophical winner in 1912 was Progressivism
(n 1912, Wilson became the first person born in the !o)th elected to the presidenc" since before the :ivil War
(Wilson born in A% grew )p in &% # :arolinas) (last !o)thern president was Bachar" +a"lor) pp5679169C
.2
nd
'emocrat since :ivil War other &rover :leveland twice, nonconsec)tive3
Wilson was most comfortable s)rro)nded b" academic scholars (rather than politicians) .@e was an elitist3
Wilson4s attit)de toward the masses can best be described as having faith in them if the" were properl" ed)cated
Wilson4s political philosoph" incl)ded faith in the masses (if properl" ed)cated), a belief that the president
sho)ld provide leadership for :ongress, a belief that the president sho)ld appeal over the heads of
legislators to the sovereign people ()nless it did not s)it his needs apparentl"), a belief in the moral
essence of politics D2)st not race relations segregationE, What abo)t scorn for the ideal of
self1determination for minorit" peoples in other co)ntries*
%s a politician, Wilson was infle9ible # st)bborn
:ongress passed the $nderwood +ariff b0c Pres Wilson aro)sed p)blic opinion to s)pport its passage
Wilson4s Ftriple wall of privilege> pp5691169G
+ariff p5691 191G passed w0help of p)blic also p)blic helped w0income ta9 above HG,CCC ann)all"
Ban;s pp56911692 <ed ,eserve %ct 191G 12 districts control ban;s help w0H when needed
+r)sts p5692 <ed +rade :ommission %ct 191I loo; for )nfair b)siness practices
:la"ton %nti1+r)st %ct 191I strengthened older !herman %ct defining illegalities
# made $nions e9empt from prosec)tion
(n 191G, Wilson bro;e c)stom dating bac; to +homas efferson when he
personall" delivered his presidential address to :ongress (rather than have it read b" a cler;)
When Wilson became President in 1912, the most serio)s shortcoming in $!%4s financial str)ct)re was that
the c)rrenc" was inelastic (not eno)gh mone" for all ban;s d)ring panic0r)ns on ban;s p5691)
When :ongress passed the $nderwood +ariff Bill (191G), it intended legislation to lower tariffs (p5691)
(Wilson )sed p)blic to hold :ongress acco)ntable to the original bill which s)bstantiall" red)ced rates)
(%lso allowed for 16
th
%mendment to ;ic; in the grad)ated income ta9 for "earl" incomes over HG,CCC)
16
th
%mendment provided for a personal (grad)ated) income ta9 (for incomes over HG,CCC ann)all") p5691
<ed ,eserve %ct of 191G g)aranteed a s)bstantial meas)re of p)blic control over the $! ban;ing s"stem
thro)gh financial a)thorit" given to a presidentiall" appointed <ederal ,eserve Board
<ed ,eserve %ct of 191G gave the <ederal ,eserve Board a)thorit" to iss)e paper H # increase the amo)nt of
mone" in circ)lation (b" printing <ederal ,eserve Notes li;e the ones in "o)r wallet or p)rse)
((t can also control0set interest rates)
:la"ton %nti1+r)st %ct of 191I e9plicitl" legali-ed stri;es # peacef)l pic;eting
( # e9empt labor organi-ations from antitr)st prosec)tion) p5692
!am)el &ompers (%<J) called the :la"ton %nti+r)st %ct Flabor4s ?agna :arta> b0c of benefits conferred on
the wor;ing man b" the law
+he first ewish person on the $! !)preme :o)rt, appointed b" Wilson, was Jo)is Brandeis
(law"er from ?aine who helped arg)e # win the Muller v. Oregon case of 19C7 granting women special consideration in the wor;place)
Woodrow Wilson showed limits of his progressivism (and e9tent of his racism) b" accelerating segregation of
blac;s in federal b)rea)crac" (which had integrated since the ,econstr)ction period)
Wilson4s earl" efforts to cond)ct an anti1imperialist $! foreign polic" were first )ndermined when he
sent the $!?: ($nited !tates ?arine :orps F!emer <i, 'o or 'ie, &)ng @oK to @aiti)
(Before that, he had discontin)ed +aft4s Fdollar diplomac"> in Jatin %merica (# :hina), repealed the
Panama :anal +oll %cts so $!% had to pa" tolls too, which made 8ngland happ", promised event)al
independence to the Philippines # made it an official territor", # b)ilt )p $! forces in @awaii)
D$! militar" sent to other places man" times before see p569L for $! in :aribbean # :entral %merica
89s5 :)ba, @aiti, 'ominican ,ep)blic, Nicarag)a, @ond)ras, ?e9ico Aera :r)- 191I # h)nting
Pancho Ailla in 191M 191M bo)ght $! Airgin (slands from 'enmar;E
Which term best characteri-es Woodrow Wilson4s approach to $! foreign polic" diplomac"* moralistic
(?a;e s)re it is not imperialistic, realistic, balance1of1power, isolationist altho)gh these ma" be tr)e)
DFteach Jatin %merica to elect better men>E
Pres Wilson ref)sed to intervene in affairs of ?e9ico )ntil $! sailors were arrested in the port of +ampico
((f "o) are @)erta in ?e9ico, ma;e s)re "o) give the $!% its 211g)n sal)te despite "o)r prideK)
Before his first term ended, Wilson had militaril" intervened in or p)rchased @aiti, 'ominican ,ep)blic,
Airgin (slands, ?e9ico Aera :r)- # Ailla, What abo)t :)ba )nder Wilson* NoK
D%ltho)gh the $! basicall" controlled in economicall" w0investments # ownership and politicall" w0Platt %mendmentE
Wilson4s administration ref)sed to e9tend formal diplomatic recognition to gov4t of ?e9ico headed b"
Aictoriano @)erta
%s WW( began in 8)rope in 191I, the alliance s"stem placed &erman" # %)stria1@)ngar" as leaders of the
:entral Powers, while ,)ssia # <rance were among the %llies Dalong w0the British later the $!% in 191ME
<rom 191I to 1916, trade b0t the $!% # &reat Britain p)lled the $! econom" o)t of a recession
With the o)tbrea; of WW( in 191I, the great ma2orit" of %mericans earnestl" hoped to sta" o)t of the war
/ne primar" effect of WW( on the $!% was that it cond)cted an immense amo)nt of trade w0the %llies
((t also traded w0:entral Powers earl" on, b)t not nearl" as m)ch $!% loaned massive amo)nts of H to %llies)
Pres Wilson insisted that he wo)ld hold &erman" to Fstrict acco)ntabilit"> for the loss of %merican ships and
lives to ()nrestricted) s)bmarine warfare5
(&B had naval bloc;ade of :entral Powers ca)sing shortages, starvation, etc55 more lethal than $1Boat attac;s)
&erman s)bmarines began sin;ing )narmed (not alwa"s) and )nresisting merchant and passenger ships witho)t
warning in retaliation for the British naval bloc;ade of &erman"
(&B c)t trans1%tlantic cable b0t &erman" # $!% wh"*)
D!"mpath" for %llies attac;ed b" $1Boats not starving in &erman", etcNE
+he :)nard line passenger ship s)n; b" a &erman $1Boat ($12C) on ?a" M
th
, 191L was the Lusitania
pp56991MCC O12CC ;illed, incl)ding 127 %mericans
&erman" warned passengers not to travel in war -one (p5MC1) Lusitania had weapons on board
./thers s)n; after= %rabic (British), then !)sse9 (<rench), then the %rabic1!)sse9 Pledge from
&erman" to stop )nrestricted s)bmarine warfare, then others later as &erman" saw the loss of
her advantage to Britain4s naval s)premac" above the waves of the %tlantic3
D+itanic was s)n; in 1912 before the warP her sister ship, Britannic, san; d)ring WW( on
d)t" as a hospital ship and troop carrierE
Progressive FB)ll ?oose> Part" died when +, ref)sed to r)n as the part"4s presidential candidate in 1916
(n the !)sse9 Pledge, &erman" promised not to sin; passenger ships w0o)t warning
(b)t the" wanted Wilson to get &B to stop the naval bloc;ade, ;nowing he co)ld not # he co)ld not)
D&erman" fig)red it co)ld win the war before the $!% co)ld effectivel" mobili-e # affect the warE
QQQQQ$1Boat v)lnerabilities # strengths vs5 destro"ers loss of stealth can be loss of health
When Wilson won reelection in 1916, he received strong s)pport from the wor;ing class
(%s well as West :oast which helped him get elected in 1912)
+,4s New Nationalism platform in 1912 advocated active role of gov4t in econom" # social affairs, federal
reg)lator" agencies to control tr)sts, female s)ffrage, social1welfare programs li;e min wage laws #
social ins)rance, # consolidation of large tr)sts # labor )nions
Wilson4s New <reedom platform of 1912 advocated active role of gov4t in econom" # social affairs,
dissol)tion of tr)sts # other forms of b)siness monopol", # reform of the monetar" # ban;ing s"stem
(n 1912 presidential election, the inc)mbent president finished third in balloting (+aft behind Wilson R11winner,
then +, R2, with 8)gene A5 'ebs coming in fo)rth), one part" won both the presidenc" # control of
:ongress ('emocrats )nder Wilson), # the winning candidate attracted less than a ma2orit" of the
pop)lar vote
$nli;e +,, Woodrow Wilson tended to lac; the common to)ch # he fo)nd it diffic)lt to compromise
(+his is wh" the $!% did not ratif" the +reat" of Aersailles nor 2oin the Jeag)e of Nations reall")
$pon becoming president, Wilson la)nched an attac; on the Ftriple wall of privilege> which he said incl)ded
high tariffs, powerf)l tr)sts, # conservative ban;ing policies
DQNot racial discrimination as he was a !o)thern segregationist bigot despite being Fborn between the
Bible and the dictionar" and never got far awa" from either5> Wife was a bigot too, and did not li;e
s)ffragettes5 !he did f)nction as the President behind closed doors when Wilson s)ffered from his
incapacitating stro;e things got his signat)re, "et the stro;e affected his abilit" to write at the time5E
President Wilson4s attac; on monopolistic b)siness combinations led to the
<ederal +rade :ommission %ct of 191I presidential commission appointed to monitor ind)stries
# the :la"ton %nti1+r)st %ct of 191I strengthened !herman %nti1+r)st %ct, defined illegal
activities, # e9empt labor organi-ations0)nions from prosec)tion )nder antitr)st laws .as the
!herman %ct of 179C had been )sed man" times3
/ther %cts=
<ederal <arm Joan %ct of 1916 credit to farmers S low interest rates to stop foreclos)res (Pop)lism)
Wareho)se %ct of 1916 loans on staple crops for farmers (Pop)lism)
Wor;ingmen4s :ompensation %ct of 1916 civil service emplo"ees to receive compensation for in2)r"
ones %ct of 1916 anti1imperial territorial stat)s # f)t)re independence for the Philippines
%damson %ct of 1916 ,,s 7 hr da" w0overtime for wor;ing on trains )sed for interstate commerce
<ederal ,eserve %ct of 191G <ed ,eserve Board to set interest rates, print H, f)nd ban;s
QWilson p)t conservatives on the board to placate0satisf" b)siness in order to get reelected in 1916
12 regional ban;s created b" the <ederal ,eserve %ct were reg)lated b" the <ederal ,eserve Board
(presidentiall" appointed) # owned b" private ban;s (also a)thori-ed to iss)e F<ederal ,eserve Notes>
no longer their own notes0H # distrib)te emergenc" f)nds to ban;s that are in danger of failing b0c of
a panic or r)n on the ban;)
QQQQQWilson not progressive for civil rights for %f1%m4s nor women4s s)ffrage )ntil politicall" press)red to
stic; b" his commitment to p)sh for the 19
th
%mendment granting female s)ffrage 2)st after the
17
th
%mendment Aolstead %ct 1 Prohibition
<lood of progressive legislation d)ring Wilson4s first term incl)ded laws to provide disabilit" assistance to
civil1service wor;ers (Wor;ingmen4s :ompensation %ct of 1916), establish 7 hr da" for interstate ,,
wor;ers (%damson %ct of 1916), provide credit # low1interest loans to farmers (<ed <arm Joan %ct of
1916), # prohibit false advertising # ad)lteration of cons)mer prod)cts (Part of the <ed +rade
:ommission0%ct of 191I)
Ch 31 The War to 1nd War# 1*12-1*13 -1+
th
edition. /Ch 30 in 13
th
edition0
Pres Wilson bro;e diplomatic relations w0&erman" when &erman" anno)nced it wo)ld wage )nrestricted
s)bmarine warfare (sin; all ships in the war -one w0o)t warning) in %tlantic /cean
Was the $!% forced to war b0c of this*
Bimmerman Note involved a proposed secret agreement b0t &erman" # ?e9ico
(Promised to give ?e9ico bac; territor" lost in the ?e9ican :ession if ?e9ico went to war w0$!%)
DBimmerman )sed a British cable service to send this noteP British intercepted it and gave it to $!%E
$! declared war on &erman" after &erman $1Boats san; fo)r )narmed (reall"*) $! merchant vessels
Was the $!% tr)l" ne)tral in its actions between %)g)st 191I # %pril 191M*
Pres Wilson pers)aded the %merican people to enter WW( b" pledging a Fwar to end all wars> # to
Fma;e the world safe for democrac">
Wilson viewed $! entr" into WW( as $! opport)nit" to
shape new international order based democratic ideals
+he following were among Wilson4s 1I Points )pon which he based %merica4s idealistic foreign polic" in
WW( red)ction of armaments, abolition of secret treaties, a new international organi-ation to
g)arantee collective sec)rit" (Jeag)e of Nations) (895 Poland b)t not !"ria, (raT, or Palestine),
# principle of national self1determination for s)b2ect peoples,
What abo)t international religio)s freedom # toleration*
?a2or problem of &eorge :reel4s :ommittee on P)blic (nformation was that he oversold Wilson4s ideals
which led the world to e9pect too m)ch from Wilson
(Propaganda F<o)r1?in)te ?en> speeches)
:ivilian administrators # WW( mobili-ation agencies=
&eorge :reel :ommittee on P)blic (nformation
@erbert @oover <ood %dministration
Bernard Bar)ch War (nd)stries Board
William @oward +aft National War Jabor Board
When $! entered WW(, it was poorl" prepared to leap into the global war D$!%4s militar" ill1preparedE
')ring WW(, civil liberties in the $!% were denied to man", especiall" those s)spected of dislo"alt"
895 8)gene A5 'ebs !ocialist (,an for Pres) Q%ll things &erman were disli;ed too
QQQQQ1919 2L race riots 895 :hicago roc;s thrown at teenage %<1%m bo" who drown while swimming,
accidentall" into an all1white beach5 %ngr" blac;s retaliated which led to the riot
2 :onstit)tional amendments adopted in part b0c of wartime infl)ences were the 17
th
, which dealt w0prohibition,
and the 19
th
, which was women4s s)ffrage5
%s a res)lt of their wor; s)pporting the war effort, women finall" received the right to vote (nationall")
1 the 19
th
%mendment
')ring WW(, the gov4t4s treatment of labor co)ld best be described as fair
Qinflation n)llified wage increases
QQQQQ+here were some 6,CCC stri;es d)ring the warK
2 gro)ps who s)ffered most from violations of civil liberties d)ring WW( were &erman1%mericans # social
radicals (What abo)t %f1%m4s living in the Fnadir> of race relations in the $!%*)
!tri;es # sabotage of (nd)strial Wor;ers of the World ((WW FWobblies> F( Won4t Wor;s>) d)ring WW(
were res)lt of some of worst wor;ing conditions in $!% p5M1C
&rievances of labor d)ring # shortl" after WW( incl)de inabilit" to gain right to organi-e, war1spawned
inflation, violence against wor;ers b" emplo"ers, # )se of %f1%m4s as stri;e brea;ers
895 8ast !t5 Jo)is 191M race riots p5M11
What abo)t s)ppression of the %<J* No, b0c the" s)pported the war effort5
1919 !teel !tri;e res)lted in a grievo)s setbac; crippling steel )nions for a decade into the 19GCs
(+"pical pattern scabs # violence)
?ovement of tens of tho)sands of so)thern %f1%m4s to the north d)ring WW( res)lted in
racial violence in the north
QQQQQ1919 saw 2L race riots the Blac; Fnadir>
?ost wartime mobili-ation agencies relied on vol)ntar" compliance to prepare the econom" for war5
?ost H raised to finance WW( came from loans from the $! p)blic
Bonds (20Grds of total needed other 10G
rd
from ta9es)
(n an effort to ma;e economic mobili-ation more efficient d)ring WW(, the federal gov4t too; over # operated
the ,,s (+hat is li;e sociali-ation ,,s t)rned bac; over to pvt enterprise after the war)
QQQQQ'a"light savings time comes from WW( to get more efficient )se of da"light ho)rs for prod)ction
$!% )sed all of the following methods to s)pport the war effort forcing some people to b)" war bonds,
having Fheatless ?onda"s> to conserve f)el, sei-ing enem" merchant vessels trapped in $! harbors,
restricting man)fact)ring of beer (to conserve wheat), What abo)t )sing gov4t power e9tensivel" to
reg)late the econom"*
Q$!% b)ilt some concrete ships for the war, b)t did not )se them5 895USS Faith
WW( militar" draft generall" wor;ed fairl" (no s)bstit)tes, etc5, e9emptions for some ind)stries) #
effectivel" to provide militar" manpower (What wo)ld Binn sa"*)
When the $! entered the war in %pril of 191M, most %mericans did not believe that
it was necessar" to send a large arm" to 8)rope
WW( saw women in $! forces $! Nav", $!?:, (%rm"*) vol)nteers onl"
%f1%m4s were segregated 895 G69
th
@arlem @ellfighters, before war 19C7 Brownsville, +U, or 191M @o)ston
p5M1L # p5M19 caption for G69
th
all receive the <rench :roi9 de &)erre
+hose who protested conscription d)ring WW( did so b0c disli;ed the idea of compelling a person to serve
:onscientio)s ob2ectors 895 %lvin Vor; who was not e9empt
')ring WW(, $! troops fo)ght in all of the following co)ntries= ,)ssia (:ivil War 19171192C), Belgi)m (near
Vpres), (tal", # <rance, What abo)t :-echoslova;ia* Wasn4t a co)ntr" )ntil after WW(K
2 ma2or battles of WW( in which the $!% forces engaged were !t5 ?ihiel # ?e)se1%rgonne /ffensive
p5M17 %lvin Vor; D:hatea)1+hierr" # Bellea) Wood $!?: too # 2
nd
battle of the ?arne ,iverE
QQQQQVpres, Aerd)n, !omme, &allipoli, )tland, +annenb)rg, etcN
,)ssia4s withdrawal from WW( in 1917 res)lted in release of tho)sands of &ermans to move to the W <ront
Q,evol)tions in ,)ssia= /ctober 191M # Nov1'ec 191M pl)s 19171192C :ivil War # +reat" of Brest1Jitovis;
!)preme militar" commander of $! forces d)ring WW( was ohn FBlac; ac;> Pershing
+, 2r in both world wars, ?ac%rth)r, ?arshall <och1<rench, 8ddie ,ic;enbac;er, Patton, etcN
2
nd
Battle of the ?arne (,iver) was significant b0c it mar;ed the beginning of a &erman withdrawal that never
reversed )sed stormtroopers to attempt last offensive effective shoc; troops
%s a condition of ending the war, Wilson demanded that the &erman Waiser, Wilhelm, abdicate
Q%llied armies wo)ld remain in &erman" )ntil signed treat" the" co)ld not attend negotiation p5M22
(neither co)ld ,)ssia) reparations HGG billion # war1g)ilt cla)se, which reall" made them angr"
$!%4s main contrib)tions to %llied victor" in WW( incl)ded foodst)ffs, oil, m)nitions, financial credit (got
$!% in war reall"), What abo)t battlefield victories* +he boo; sa"s no, b)t ( sa" "es to a degree5
?a;e s)re "o) reali-e the main contrib)tions wo)ld not incl)de battlefield victories as far as the test goes /W
&ermans were heavil" demorali-ed b" $!%4s )nlimited troop reserves (# attit)des)
:hief difference b0t Wilson # parliamentar" statesmen at Paris peace table was that Wilson lac;ed command
of a legislative ma2orit" at home (election of 1916) p5M19
Wilson4s )ltimate goal at Paris :onference was to establish the Jeag)e of Nations
%t Paris Peace :onference, Wilson so)ght all of the following goals prevent sei-)re of territor", a world
parliament to provide collective sec)rit", establish a Jeag)e of Nations, # destro" the %)strian #
,)ssian empires, What abo)t an end to 8)ropean colonial empires (other than %)stria # ,)ssia) in
%frica # %sia*
/pposition to the Jeag)e of Nations b" man" $! senators d)ring the Paris Peace :onference gave %llied
leaders in Paris a stronger bargaining position (b0c Wilson was wea;ened b" $! opposition to the treat"
# the Jeag)e, later he was wea;ened b" the stro;e he had)
%fter the +reat" of Aersailles had been signed, Wilson was condemned b" both disill)sioned liberals #
fr)strated nationalists # imperialists
(n $!%, most controversial aspect of +reat" of Aersailles was %rticle U p5M2G
+his meant alliance with 8)rope, which went against isolationist (toward 8)rope) attit)des in $!%
+herefore, $!% co)ld be dr)g into a 8)ropean war, and it did not li;e that prospect in general
Not arms limitations, open diplomac", permanent $! alliance w0<rance, self1determination of peoples
(nitial ,ep)blican strateg" regarding the +reat" of Aersailles was to dela" # amend (change0alter) the treat"
!enate opponents of Jeag)e of Nations as proposed b" +reat" of Aersailles arg)ed that it
violated Wilson4s own <o)rteen Points 895 !elf1determination challenged in apan getting
&erman"4s sphere in :hina # her possessions in the Pacific p5M22
# mandates created in ?iddle 8ast too
Wilson tal;s li;e :hrist, and acts li;e Jlo"d &eorge (of 8ngland)
%t Aersailles, foreign leaders commented on Wilson sa"ing, F&od has onl" 1C points>
(n :ongress, the most reliable s)pport for Wilson4s position on the Jeag)e of Nations came from 'emocrats
!enate li;el" wo)ld have accepted $! participation in Jeag)e of Nations if Wilson had been willing to
compromise w0Jeag)e opponents in :ongress (s)ch as @enr" :abot Jodge 1 ,ep)blican)
Who was finall" most responsible for the !enate defeat of the +reat" of Aersailles (for ratification)*
Woodrow WilsonK (!t)bborn and )n"ielding0)ncompromising)
Wilson4s call for a Fsolemn referend)m> in 192C referred to his belief that presidential election of 192C
sho)ld determine fate of +reat" of Aersailles
,ep)blican isolationists s)ccessf)ll" t)rned Warren &5 @arding4s 192C presidential victor" into a
death sentence for the Jeag)e of Nations
(%pparentl" a death sentence for @arding too who died fairl" shortl" after coming into the office)
?a2or wea;ness of Jeag)e of Nations was that it did not incl)de the $!%
Pres Wilson4s <o)rteen Points incl)ded arms limitation, self1determination (for people in a)tonomo)s
democratic gov4t), freedom of seas, # permanent internal organi-ation (for collective sec)rit")
DJeag)e of NationsE
%mong ma2or targets of wartime 8spionage # !edition %cts were
(nd)strial Wor;ers of the World ((WW0>Wobblies>), 8)gene A5 'ebs (not a !)preme :o)rt
:ase b)t the !ocialist), # &erman %mericans
8spionage %ct 191M0!edition %ct 1917 (!edition is treason5) pp5MC71MC9 !)preme :o)rt presented in
te9tboo; as )nbiased when r)ling in Schenck v. USA in 1919 can c)rb speech when Fclear and present
danger> to the nation e9ists b)t who decides thin; of US v. Spirit of 76 b0c it portra"ed British
atrocities, which the" did commit d)ring the %merican ,evol)tion, b)t as o)r WW( allies, the tr)th was
not acceptable wh"* What is so dangerous a!out the truth in the 4ace o4 war &ro&aganda'
')ring the co)rse of WW( %merican prices appro9imatel" do)bled (bad inflation leads to blac; mar;ets)
%m wages did not do)ble ma"be raised 2CX in some cases
O6,CCC stri;es occ)rred in the $!%
%m farm prod)ction increased to feed $!% # %llies (led to an earl" depression for farmers in 192Cs)
Women gained in the wor;force in Fwomen4s wor; teaching, t"ping, switchboard operator,
secretar", # in some ind)stries b)t women and children will alwa"s wor; for less than men Fbread
winners> ridic)lo)s tho)ght women are Fbread winners> too and it is e9ploitative to )se women #
children or an"bod"
Pres Wilson4s position at the Paris Peace :onference was wea;ened b" ,ep)blican part" victories in 1917
midterm elections # his fail)re to appoint a leading !enate ,ep)blican (li;e Jodge) to the conference
delegation (No president had ever negotiated a treat" themselves before considering that :ongress has
the power to ratif" treaties)
Wilson was pop)lar o)tside the $!% initiall"
@e had a stro;e while ta;ing the +reat" to the Fsovereign people> wife f)nctioned as president behind closed doors
8lection of 192C indicated p)blic4s e9ha)stion w0moral idealism # self1sacrifice, was first presidential
election since passage of women4s s)ffrage019
th
%mendment, was )sed b" ,ep)blican isolationists to
;ill the Jeag)e (of Nations)
!ignaled end of widespread progressive domestic reform activit" )ntil later in the 2C
th
cent)r"
@arding )nclear on Jeag)e a Jeag)e, b)t not the Jeag)e (Wilson4s Jeag)e)
192C /hio ,ep)blican @arding beat 'emocrat :o9
8)gene A5 'ebs got votes from prison almost a millionK
D@arding pardoned 'ebs in 1921 for his prosec)tion )nder the 8spionage # !edition %ctsE
(Wilson wo)ld not pardon him)
!imilarities of 1M9Cs %lien # !edition %cts and 8spionage # !edition %cts of the 191Cs
QQQQQ1917 !panish <l) pandemic LCC,CCC died in $!% 2C1IC million died worldwide
ohn FBlac; ac;> Pershing had been at !an )an and Wettle @ills commanding the 1C
th
:avalr" FB)ffalo
!oldiers> %f1%m4sP served in (ndian conflicts, the Philippines, :)ba, and commanded the $! forces chasing
Pancho Ailla in 19161191M right before $! entr" into WW( (191I11917) in 191MP lost his wife and all of his
da)ghters, onl" his son s)rvived, a horrible fire in their home abroadP 2)mped several ran;s to receive the
highest ran; in the $! militar" since &eorge Washington, a ran; no other &eneral has achieved since, and
commanded the %8< in WW(P at end of war he said that he feared that the &ermans did not ;now the" were
beaten and that the same thing wo)ld have to be done again within another 2C1GC "ears he was correctK
111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
Page n)mbers from The American ageant 12
th
edition
p569C Wilson4s righteo)s description
p5MCL Fa hesitant # peace1loving nation>
p5MC6 caption s)b attac; forces Wilson4s hand # ne)tral trade Bovine 89crement
ca)se of war m)nitions vs5 H loaned
Fgang of thieves> vs5 Fgang of m)rderers> $1Boats vs5 British naval bloc;ade
1 refers to British harassing $! ships vs5 $1Boat attac;s, b)t $! ships carr" war materials to
%llies, so how ne)tral is that* !o, Wilson sa"s there was no other choice b)t war whereas
earlier he had said the $!% was Ftoo pro)d to fight>
pp5MC61MCM eanette ,an;in (?ontana) first female :ongresswomen
she along w0L1 ,epresentatives # 6 !enators voted no to war
$! altr)ism war to end wars ma;e world safe for democrac" or is that Fh"pocris"> as; ohn 'os Pasos
$! isolationists or cr)saders no middle gro)nd for the $! people either or not something
more moderate than an isolationist or a cr)sader
($! has been imperialist, conT)eror, invader, oppressor, coloni-er, revol)tionar", pl)s isolationist # cr)sader too)
p5MCM FPolitical independence # territorial integrit" of all nations> 1 more rhetorical Bovine 'roppings
1I Points0:ommandments* @ow sacred were the" reall"*
pp5MC71MC9 8spionage # !edition %cts
p5M11 %lice Pa)l # J)c" B)rns (?ovie= !ron "a#e$ Angels) militant s)ffragettes
p5M11 ?argaret !anger # Birth :ontrol
(remember %nthon" :omstoc; and the :omstoc; Jaws aimed at stopping obscene literat)re incl)ding
birth control info federal offense to send an"thing li;e that thro)gh the mail)
p5M1L %f1%m4s in $! militar" # $!% prior to # d)ring WW( 1 G69
th
F@arlem @ellfighters> Dp5M19 captionE
Blac; Fnadir> of race relations in the era of im :row %merica (17961late 19ICs)
p5M17 %lvin Vor;
p5M17 F$! no arsenal of democrac" "et>
:h GC1G1 @eroification of Wilson see Joewen :h 1, and Binn :h 1G # 1I
pp5M2C1M22 FWilson li;e the mother of a sic;l" child who sacrifices it for the health" firstborn5>
referring to compromises he had to ma;e what a lame simileK
&ermans mad at +reat" of Aersailles 895 ,eparations led to depression # )nemplo"ment w0h"perinflation
%dolf @itler )sed this discontent to his advantage &ermans also resented war1g)ilt cla)se
given that %)stria1@)ngar" declaring war on !erbia reall" started the ball rolling on the
alliance s"stem that led to WW(5
p5M2G Wilson4s wife f)nctioning in man" wa"s as president behind closed doors b0c of his incapacitating stro;e