Davao Region

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Region XI
Davao Region
Region

Map of the Philippines showing the location of Region XI
Coordinates: 0705N 12535ECoordinates:
0705N 12535E
Country Philippines
Island group Mindanao
Regional center Davao City
Area
Total 20,244 km
2
(7,816 sq mi)
Population (2010)
[1]

Total 4,468,563
Density 220/km
2
(570/sq mi)
Time zone PST (UTC+8)
ISO 3166 code PH-11
Provinces 5
Cities 6
Municipalities 43
Barangays 1162
Cong. districts 11
Languages
Cebuano language, Mandayan,
Dibabawon, Mansakan, Manobo,
Tagalog, Ilokano, Sangirese, others
Davao Region or Southern Mindanao (Filipino: Kadabawan) is one of the regions of the
Philippines, designated as Region XI.
[2]
It is located on the southeastern portion of Mindanao,
and consists of five provinces, namely: Compostela Valley, Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur,
Davao Oriental, and the newly created, Davao Occidental. The region encloses the Davao Gulf
and its regional center is Davao City. Davao is the Hispanicized pronunciation of daba-daba, the
Bagobo word for "fire" (the Cebuano translation is "kalayo").
Contents
1 History
o 1.1 Spanish Administration
o 1.2 American Administration-Philippine Administration
1.2.1 Wartime Japanese Occupation
o 1.3 Philippine Administration
1.3.1 Davao Province
2 Climate
3 Demographics
o 3.1 Religion
4 Economy
o 4.1 Facilities
o 4.2 Natural Resources
5 Political Divisions
o 5.1 Component Cities
o 5.2 Highly Urbanized City
6 Government
o 6.1 Legislators to the House of Representatives for Region 11
o 6.2 Provincial Governors
7 Education
8 Media
9 References
10 External links
History
Many historians believe that the name "Davao" is actually the mixture of the three names that
three different tribes, the earliest settlers in the region, had for the Davao River. The Obos, an
aboriginal tribe, referred to the Davao River as Davohoho. Another tribe, the Bagobos, referred
to the river as Davohaha, which means "fire", while another tribe, the Guiangan tribe, called the
river as Duhwow.
The history of the region dates back to the times when various tribes occupied the region. It is
believed that the Manobos, Mandayas and the Bagobos actually occupied the area. These are the
same tribes that created the small settlements and communities that eventually became
Mindanao.
Spanish Administration
History shows that for centuries the tribes lived in relative peace until the Spanish, under the
adventurous Spanish businessman Don Jose Uyanguren, arrived in the region in 1847. At that
time, the Moro tribal chieftain Datu Bago was in control of the area in what is now Davao City.
Don Uyanguren attempted to conquer the area which Datu Bago had ruled; although he failed at
first, the Moro chieftain eventually evacuated his people to live in the areas near Mount Apo.
This is the time the town of Davao, then called Nueva Vergara by the Spaniards, was established
in the year 1848; the official recording of the history about the region begins in this year.
Don Uyanguren attempted to develop the region. Although the Spanish gained the upper hand
when they finally controlled the ports of the region, the population of Davao grew very slowly
until the arrival of Christian missionaries in the area.
American Administration-Philippine Administration
After the Spanish-American War in 1898, the Spanish rule in the region ended. Americans then
landed in the region and they subsequently developed the regions communications and
transportation systems. During this period, private farm ownership grew in the region. Japanese
migration in the region began as two Japanese entrepreneurs, Kyosaburo Otta and Yoshizo
Furokawa, were finding better agricultural lands for building abaca and coconut plantations in
the region.
In 1903 until 1914, the region was one of the districts of the former Moro Province in Mindanao.
After 1914, the province was replaced by an American colonial agency called Department of
Mindanao and Sulu, which spanned the entire Mindanao island except Lanao. The agency lasted
from 1914 to 1920.
Wartime Japanese Occupation
In 1942, during World War II, as the Japanese occupation of the Philippines began, the region
was one of the first among the Philippine regions to be subjected by Japanese occupation. After
the war, the region eventually passed to the American hands again for at least almost one year
before the formal Philippine independence in July 4, 1946; most of the Japanese living in the
region were now integrated in the Filipino population.
Philippine Administration
Davao Province
Main article: Davao Province
Even before the Philippine independence in 1946, the entire region was already a single province
called Davao Province, with Davao City serving as its capital. The province was one of the
largest provinces in the Philippines during that time, spanning more than 20,000 square
kilometers; it lasted from 1920 until 1967, when the province split into three provinces, namely:
Davao del Norte, Davao Oriental, and Davao del Sur. After the division, Davao City was
officially named its regional center.
Climate
The region has a generally uniform distribution of rainfall through the year. It lies outside the
typhoon belt.
Demographics
Population census of Davao Region
Year Pop. %
1990 2,933,743
2000 3,676,163 +25.3%
2010 4,468,563 +21.6%
Source: National Statistics Office
[1]

Davao Region is the most populous region in Mindanao and the 11th most populous in the
country, with a total of 4,468,563 inhabitants in 2010. Davao City, its regional capital, is also the
largest city in the island, with an area of 2444 km
2
., the largest in the country and one of the
largest in the world, and has 1,449,296 inhabitants in 2010, the second largest in the country and
the largest in the entire Visayas-Mindanao region; its metropolitan area is also the most populous
in the island and the third most populous in the country, with about 2,274,913 inhabitants in that
year.
[1]

Most of the region's inhabitants speak Cebuano language. Tagalog and English are also spoken
in schools, business, commerce, and industry. Prominent indigenous tribes like Bagobo,
Manobo, and Mansaka also speak their own languages as well. Chinese immigrants are
widespread in the region with a considerable population in Davao City. Davao Chinatown is one
of the two defined chinatowns in the Philippines, Binondo being the other one. A considerable
population of Japanese can also be seen in the country. Before World War II, Davao was heavily
populated by Japanese immigrants. Davao City was the Little Tokyo of the Philippines.
Religion
The majority of the region's population are Christians, mostly Catholics; however, there are also
Muslims, Buddhists, and Shintoists living in the region.
Although the region is predominantly Christian, one of its provinces, Davao del Sur, was under
the influence of the Bangsamoro. This was proven when in the 1st day of August 1989 the
Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao attempted to put the province under its jurisdiction;
however, on November 6, 1990, only 5 provinces joined the region. Until now, the Bangsamoro
attempts to increase their influence on their so-called Bangsamoro Nation, which is the
Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, to include all of Mindanao under its jurisdiction.
Economy
While the regions economy is predominantly agri-based, it is now developing into a center for
agro-industrial business, trade and tourism. Its competitive advantage is in agri-industry as its
products, papayas, mangoes, bananas, pineapples, fresh asparagus, flowers, and fish products are
exported internationally. The region can be a vital link to markets in other parts of Mindanao,
Brunei Darussalam and parts of Malaysia and Indonesia. There is also a growing call center
sector in the region, mostly centered in Davao City.
There is a gradual shift to industrialization as shown with industrys growth rate of 8.1% in 1996.
Other economic activities are mining, fishery, forestry and agriculture. Due to the region's rise as
the main commercial and industrial hub of Mindanao, many of its workers are oriented to urban
services such as putting small-scale businesses and working in commercial industries in thriving
urban areas like Davao City, Tagum City, and Digos City. Both private and foreign investors
and businessmen are putting up huge business centers in the region, fueling up its commercial
growth rate.
The Region is also venturing to online business like outsourcing. They also open their official
business directory, classified ads, events, and articles only for Davao Region, the Dabaw.net
[3]

derived from the local name of Davao which is Dabaw.
Facilities
The regions principal ports are the Sasa International Seaport in Sasa and Sta. Ana Pier in the
Chinatown District, both in Davao City; Panabo Seaport in Davao del Norte; and Mati Seaport in
Davao Oriental. The former two, both of which are located in Port of Davao in Davao City, can
service both interisland and international shipments. Sasa International Container Port, also
located in the Port of Davao, is the busiest in the entire Visayas-Mindanao region. Infrastructure
developments in the cities within the region are considered excellent.
The international airport in Davao City, Davao International Airport, is the largest and most
developed in Mindanao, has the second longest runway in the island, and the third most busiest
in the country, after Ninoy Aquino International Airport and Mactan-Cebu International Airport.
It can handle both domestic and international flights, serving several flights to Manila, Cebu,
Iloilo, and as far as Singapore, Hong Kong, Seoul, South Korea, Manado, Indonesia, and
Bangkok, Thailand; it is the only international airport in the island to handle flights like these. Its
ATC Tower is the most advanced in the country.
The region is accessible by land, air and sea. The region has adequate communications facilities,
reliable power, and an abundant water supply.
Natural Resources
The Davao Region has mineral resources of chromite, iron, nickel, manganese, gold, copper and
other non-metallic minerals.
Political Divisions
Davao Region is subdivided into 5 provinces, 5 component cities, and 1 highly urbanized city.


Political map of Davao Region
Province/City Capital
Population
(2010)
[1]

Area
(km)
[4]

Pop. density
(per km)
Compostela Valley Nabunturan 687,195 4,479.77 153.4
Province/City Capital
Population
(2010)
[1]

Area
(km)
[4]

Pop. density
(per km)
Davao del Norte Tagum City 945,764 3,426.97 276.0
Davao del Sur Digos City 574,910 2,163.98 265.7
Davao Occidental Malita 293,780 2,163.45 135.8
Davao Oriental Mati City 517,618 5,679.64 91.1
Davao City 1,449,296 2,443.61 593.1
Component Cities
Digos City, Davao del Sur
Mati City, Davao Oriental
Panabo City, Davao del Norte
Tagum City, Davao del Norte
Island Garden City of Samal, Davao del Norte
Highly Urbanized City
Davao City
Government
Legislators to the House of Representatives for Region 11
See also: 16th Congress of the Philippines
Compostela Valley 1st

Maria Carmen Zamora Liberal 2 Majority
2nd

Rommel Amatong Liberal 3 Majority
Davao City 1st

Karlo Nograles NUP 2 Majority
2nd

Mylene Garcia-Albano Liberal 2 Majority
3rd

Isidro Ungab Liberal/Hugpong 3 Majority
Davao del Norte 1st

Anthony del Rosario Liberal 2 Majority
2nd

Antonio Lagdameo, Jr. NUP 3 Majority
Davao del Sur 1st

Mercedes Cagas Nacionalista 1 Majority
2nd

Franklin Bautista Liberal 3 Majority
Davao Oriental 1st

Nelson Dayanghirang Nacionalista 3 Majority
2nd

Thelma Almario Lakas-CMD 3 Majority
Provincial Governors
Compostela Valley Gov. Arturo T. Uy (Liberal)
Davao del Norte Gov. Rodolfo P. Del Rosario (Liberal)
Davao Oriental Gov. Corazon N. Malanyaon (Nacionalista)
Davao del Sur Gov. Claude P. Bautista (Liberal)
Education
The government provides free education at the primary (grade school) and secondary (high
school) levels. Some state-run universities in the region are the University of the Philippines
Mindanao and the University of Southeastern Philippines. The literacy rate of the country is
93.9%; Davao City has a literacy rate of 98.05%.
[citation needed]

Media
Television networks
ABS-CBN: Channel 4
ABS-CBN Sports and Action: Channel 21
Solar News Channel: Channel 9
ETC: Channel 7
TV5: Channel 2
AksyonTV: Channel 29
GMA Network: Channel 5
GMA News TV: Channel 27
News Programs
Aksyon Alerto Davao (TV5 Channel 2 Davao)
Testigo (GMA TV-5 Davao)
TV Patrol Southern Mindanao (ABS-CBN TV-4 Davao)
Solar News Mindanao (Solar News Channel Davao)
Newspapers
SunStar Davao
Mindanao Times
The Voice of Islam
References
1. "Population and Annual Growth Rates for The Philippines and Its Regions, Provinces,
and Highly Urbanized Cities". 2010 Census and Housing Population. National Statistics
Office. Retrieved 12 August 2013.
2. List of Regions, [National Statistical Coordination Board].
3. Online Portal of Davao Region
4. "List of Provinces". PSGC Interactive. Makati City, Philippines: Natio
5.





Davao Region
Davao Region consist of 4 provinces and 5 cities namely, the province of Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, Davao Oriental and
Compostela Valley Province and the Cities of Davao, Panabo, Tagum, Digos and Island Garden City of Samal.

Geographical Location
Davao Region is located in the Southeastern portion of the island of Mindanao surrounding the Davao Gulf. It is bounded on the
north by the provinces of Surigao del Sur, Agusan del Sur and Bukidnon. In the east it is bounded by the Philippine Sea; and in
the west by the Central Mindanao provinces. Within the broader geographic context, the Davao Region area faces Micronesia in
the Southern Pacific Ocean to the east, and the Eastern Indonesia through the Celebes Sea to the south.

Political Subdivision
It composed 4 provinces, 1 independent city, 4 component cities and 44 municipalities, grouped into 11 congressional districts
and divided into 1,160 barangays. The provinces are Davao Oriental, Davao del Norte. Compostela Valley and Davao del Sur.
The cities are Davao City, Panabo City, Tagum City, Digos City and Island Garden City of Samal.

Climate
The region is blessed with good climate as it experiences Types II and IV climate and lies outside the typhoon belt. Type II
climate is characterized by no dry season with very pronounced maximum rainfall from November to January. This affects
Davao Oriental and most parts of Compostela Valley. Type IV is characterized by more or less evenly distributed rainfall
throughout the year and covers the rest of the Davao Region area. The region's annual rainfall based on climatological data of
Davao City ranges from 1,673.3 mm o 1,941.8mm. The average temperature in the region ranges from 28C to 29C. Warm
temperature is experienced from February to October while the coolest months start from November up to January. The Region is
not directly hit by typhoons and low-pressure systems and is rarely affected by high winds.

Soil
The soil of Region XI can be classified into the following groups: inceptisols, alfisols and ultisols. These are generally loam and
clay types. The region's soil is dominated by inceptisols. The alfisols and ultisols are found in depths beyond 100 feet.

Slope
About 26% of the total area of the region or 5,021.48 sq. kms. has slope range of 0-8%. These areas, which maybe for non-forest
purposes, e.g. agriculture, industries and settlement. Among the provinces in the region, Compostela Valley has the largest area
with 0-8% slope with 1,300.9 sq. kms. followed by Davao del Norte with 1,219.8 sq. kms. These areas, which maybe for non-
forest purposes, e.g. agriculture, industries and settlement.

Topography
The region is characterized by extensive mountain ranges extending along the western border, in the northern central area and in
the northwestern area leading to the peninsula in the southeast with uneven distribution of plateaus and lowlands. Its coastline
reached to 1,600 square kilometer. The area is dominated by peninsular and island topography.

Water Resources
The Region has abundant water supply both from surface and ground water resources. About 85.7% of the total water supply
comes from surface water and only 14.3% comes from ground water.
The regions total water output reaches 31,049 cubic meters per minute (cmm) per year. Davao Oriental has the largest water
output both from surface and ground sources at 7,402 cmm and 1,246 cmm, respectively. Compostela Valley follows with 6,668
cmm and 1,167 cmm, respectively. Davao City has the least water output from both surface and ground water at 2,993 and 499
cm.

Land Area & Population
The Davao Region has a total land area of 19,671.94 sq. kms. Corresponding to 6.6% of the Philippines' total land area and
20.7% of the total land area of Mindanao. The total population in the area reached 4,156,653 or 21.2% of the Mindanao's total
population. Davao City is the most populated with 1,363,337 or 32.8% of the total and the Island Garden City of Samal the least
populated with only 90,291 or 2.2% of the total.
Land Area (in sq. km.) and Population (2007 Census) per Province/City
Province/City Capital Population (2007) Area (sq. km.)
Compostela Valley Nabunturan 637,366 4,666.93
Davao del Norte Tagum City 847,440 3,462.90
Davao del Sur Digos City 822,406 3,934
Davao Oriental Mati City 486,104 5,164.50
Davao City Davao City 1,363,337 2,443.61
Davao Region Total Population and Land Area 4,156,653 19,671.94


Social Organizations
Local tribes - Badjao, Bagobo, B'Iaan, Manobo, Mansaka, Mandaya, Matigsalog, Maranao, Tausog, Tagacaolo, Kalagan and
others.

Dialect Spoken
Cebuano, Tagalog, Dabawenyo, Hiligaynon, Bagobo, Tagacaolo, Manobo, Maguindanao, Mandaya, Bilaan, Ilocano, Waray and
others.

Economic Trends. GRDP
The Region's GRDP is targeted to grow at an average rate of 5.7% between 2004 and 2010, peaking at 6.7% by 2010. This output
will be dominated by the Services Sector with its average share of 42% during the period. The Agriculture, Fishery and Forestry
and Industry Sectors will approximate each other's average shares at 28% and 30%, respectively during the same period.

Potential Investment Areas
Davao City
Agri-business and food processing
Environment enhancement and protection projects
ICT
Light manufacturing and assembly
Medical/educational/training/sports facilities
Telecommunication
Tourism and recreational facilities
Transshipment facilities
Wood processing technologies

Davao del Sur (including Digos City)
Commercial and office building
Dry docking and shipbuilding
Feeds and fertilizer manufacturing
Furniture and futures
Gifts, toys and housewares
Housing development
Mango and other tropical fruits processing
Packing and packaging
Port development
Post harvest facilities
Transportation services
Water supply system development

Davao del Norte
Island Garden City of Samal
Tourism, agribusiness, light manufacturing, utilities and services
Sto. Tomas, Kapalong and Talaingod Cluster
Common service facilities, utilities, mining, ecotourism and agro-forestry
Panabo City, Carmen and B.E. Dujali Cluster
Agri-business, light manufacturing, construction and construction materials and services
Tagum City, New Corella and Asuneion Cluster
Agri-business, tourism, services and light industries

Compostela Valley Province
Food Industry
Forestry
Furniture
Home Furnishing
Wood industry

Davao Oriental
Integrated coco processing
Fishing, grain milling, lumber products, parquet materials and tourism
Compostela Valley
Flag not known.

Davao
by Jaume Oll, 12
January 2001
The Province of Davao, formerly (and still occasionally) called Davao del Norte,
occupies the head of the Davao Gulf in Southern Mindanao, Philippine Region XI. It
contains two cities, Tagum (the capital) and the Island Garden City of Samal (in the gulf).
It does NOT contain the city of Davao. Bananas are the dominant export crop, and rice,
maize, and several other food crops are grown for consumption on Mindanao. Little
remains of the forests. Livestock raising and fishing contribute to the economy, and there
are various manufactures. Gold-mining was important in former times, and probably
accounts for the gold cross on the shield, but seems to have been given up. Sand, gravel,
guano, and marble are all extracted. The provincial government encourages tourism, and
Samal is one of the national government's five top goal areas for tourist development.
John Ayer, 29 May 2001

Davao del Sur
by Jaume Oll, 12
January 2001
The Philippine Province of Davao del Sur in Region XI, Southern Mindanao, occupies
the western shore of the Gulf of Davao. It encompasses but apparently does not include
Davao City. Its western boundary is defined by a mountain range, with Mount Apo
dominating the skyline. There are several other isolated mountains. Below these the
forests have mostly been cleared to make way for agriculture. The main crops are rice,
maize, coconuts, bananas, sugarcane, and coffee. There is also a good deal of fishing,
some mining (gold, silver, copper, lead, and chromium), and tourism. Some lumbering
and wood-processing persists. Davao del Sur now comprises fifteen towns, but I suspect
there were twelve in 1975, when this flag was current. I have been unable to learn the
significance of the date 1907. The capital is Digos.
John Ayer, 6 June 2001
Davao City
by Dirk Schnberger,
12 January 2001
Source: Symbols of the state
Preliminary results of the 2000 census show Davao has a population of 1,147,000
(slightly rounded),
John Ayer, 11 February 2001
When the Province of Davao was divided in 1967 the City of Davao seems to have been
kept separate from any province. The single star on the flag probably represents this
separate status. Davao is the only city in the Philippine Republic outside the National
Capital Region that is not part of a province - but it is also the only city in the republic
outside the NCR that has a population of more than a million (1,147,000 by the 2000
census, to 758,000 for Davao del Sur). It is geographically one of the biggest cities in the
world, covering more than 2200 sq.km. When the Province of Davao was created in
1914, the town of Davao was its capital; it was chartered as a city in 1937. It is the
regional headquarter. It grows rice and coconuts, manufactures textiles, cement, and
plywood, and is a major port for inter-island and international trade, shipping large
quantities of abaca fiber, as well as maize, rice, and copra. It also has a major airport.
Before World War II the city was largely Japanese. Davao was nearly destroyed in the
war, and afterward the Japanese returned to Japan.
John Ayer, 6 June 2001

Davao Oriental
by Jaume Oll, 12
January 2001
The Philippine Province of Davao Oriental in Region XI, Southern Mindanao, occupies
the eastern flank of the Davao Gulf. A mountain range shelters the province from the fury
of Pacific typhoons. On the sheltered Gulf coast the people live by agriculture, fishing,
and lumbering, though this suffers from excessive harvesting in the past. There is some
industry, including the manufacture of parquet tiles, and there is clearly some tourist
trade. Davao Oriental comprises eleven towns covering 5165 sq.km.; the population by
the 2000 census was 446,191.
John Ayer, 3 June 2001
Lumad peoples
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"Manobo" redirects here. For the languages, see Manobo languages.
For other uses, see Lumad (disambiguation).
Lumad

Total population
Unknown
Regions with significant populations
Philippines:
Caraga, Davao, Northern Mindanao,
SOCCSKSARGEN, Zamboanga Peninsula
Languages
Manobo languages, Chabacano (in Zamboanga
Region), Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Filipino language,
English
Religion
Christianity (Roman Catholic, Protestant) and
Animist
Related ethnic groups
Bajau, Moro, Visayan, other Filipino peoples, other
Austronesian peoples
The Lumad is a group of indigenous people of the southern Philippines. It is a Cebuano term
meaning "native" or "indigenous". The term is short for Katawhang Lumad (literally
"indigenous peoples"), the autonym officially adopted by the delegates of the Lumad Mindanaw
Peoples Federation (LMPF) founding assembly on 26 June 1986 at the Guadalupe Formation
Center, Balindog, Kidapawan, Cotabato, Philippines. It is the self-ascription and collective
identity of the indigenous peoples of Mindanao.
Contents
1 History
2 People
o 2.1 B'laan
o 2.2 Bukidnon
o 2.3 Tagakaulo
o 2.4 Manobo
o 2.5 Subanon
o 2.6 Higaonon
o 2.7 Mamanwa
o 2.8 Mandaya
o 2.9 Mansaka
o 2.10 Sangil
o 2.11 Tagabawa
o 2.12 Tasaday
o 2.13 T'boli
3 Musical heritage
4 Social issues
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
History
See also: Prehistory of the Philippines
The name Lumad grew out of the political awakening among tribes during the martial law
regime of President Ferdinand Marcos. It was advocated and propagated by the members and
affiliates of Lumad-Mindanao, a coalition of all-Lumad local and regional organizations which
formalized themselves as such in June 1986 but started in 1983 as a multi-sectoral organization.
Lumad-Mindanaos main objective was to achieve self-determination for their member-tribes or,
put more concretely, self-governance within their ancestral domain in accordance with their
culture and customary laws. No other Lumad organization had had the express goal in the past.
Representative from 15 tribes agreed in June 1986 to adopt the name; there were no delegates
from the three major groups of the T'boli, the Teduray. The choice of a Cebuano word was a bit
ironic but they deemed it to be most appropriate considering that the Lumad tribes do not have
any other common language except Cebuano. This is the first time that these tribes have agreed
to a common name for themselves, distinct from that of the Moros and different from the migrant
majority and their descendants.
People
There are 17 Lumad ethnolinguistic groups: Atta, Bagobo, Banwaon, Blaan, Bukidnon,
Dibabawon, Higaonon, Mamanwa, Mandaya, Manguwangan, Manobo, Mansaka, Tagakaolo,
Tasaday, Tboli, Teduray, and Ubo.
According to the Lumad Development Center Inc., there are about 18 Lumad groups in 19
provinces across the country. Considered as "vulnerable groups", they live in hinterlands, forests,
lowlands and coastal areas.
[1]

Katawhang Lumad are the un-Islamized and un-Christianized Austronesian peoples of
Mindanao, namely Erumanen ne Menuvu`, Matidsalug Manobo, Agusanon Manobo, Dulangan
Manobo, Dabaw Manobo,Ata Manobo, B'laan, Kaulo, Banwaon, Teduray, Lambangian,
Higaunon, Dibabawon, Mangguwangan, Mansaka, Mandaya, K'lagan, T'boli, Mamanuwa,
Talaandig, Tagabawa, and Ubu`, Tinenanen, Kuwemanen, K'lata and Diyangan. There are about
20 general hilltribes of Mindanao, all of which are Austronesian.
The term Lumad excludes the Butuanons and Surigaononseven the said two ethnic groups are
native to Mindanao and the word tells it sobecause those two are Visayans and Lumad are not
ethnically closely related to them, which creates a contradiction because the word lumad literally
means "native" in Visayan. They are one of the few surviving human populations that have a
genetic relationship with the Denisovans.
B'laan
The B'laan is an indigenous group that is concentrated in Davao del Sur and South Cotabato.
They practice indigenous rituals while adapting to the way of life of modern Filipinos.
[2]

Bukidnon


The colorful Kaamulan Festival celebrated annually in Malaybalay City
The Bukidnon are one of the seven tribes in the Bukidnon plateau of Mindanao. Bukidnon means
'that of the mountains' (i.e., 'people of the mountains'), despite the fact that most Bukidnon tribes
settle in the lowlands. The name Bukidnon is itself used to describe the entire province in a
different context (it means 'mountainous lands' in this case).
[3]

The Bukidnon people believe in one god, Magbabaya (Ruler of All), though there are several
minor gods and goddesses that they worship as well. Religious rites are presided by a baylan
whose ordination is voluntary and may come from both sexes. The Bukidnons have rich musical
and oral traditions
[4]
which are celebrated annually in Malaybalay city's Kaamulan Festival, with
other tribes in Bukidnon (the Manobo tribes, the Higaonon, Matigsalug, Talaandig,
Umayamnom, and the Tigwahanon).
[5]

Tagakaulo
Tagakaulo is one of the tribes in Mindanao. Their traditional territories is in Davao Del Sur and
the Sarangani Province particularly in the localities of Malalag, Lais, Talaguton Rivers, Sta.
Maria, and Malita of Davao del Sur, and Malungon of the Sarangani Province.Tagakaulo means
living in mountain. The Tagakaulo tribe originally came from the western shores of the gulf of
Davao and south of Mt. Apo.
[6]
a long time ago.
Manobo


A Bagobo (Manobo) woman from Davao
Manobo is the hispanized spelling of Manuvu (there is no difference between the pronunciation
of orthographic b and v in Castilian Spanish; the /v/ sound was lost when translated). Its
etymology is unclear; in its current form it means 'person' or 'people'.


Manobo children
The Manobo are an Australasian, indigenous agriculturalist population who neighbor the
Mamanwa group in Surigao del Norte and Surigao del Sur (Garvan, 1931). They live in
barangays like the Mamanwa; however, population size is dramatically larger in the Manobo
settlements (personal observation) in comparison to those of the Mamanwa. The two groups
interact frequently although the amount of interaction varies between settlements and
intermarriage is common between them (Reid, 2009).
The Manobo are probably the most numerous of the ethnic groups of the Philippines in the
relationships and names of the groups that belong to this family of languages. Mention has been
made of the numerous subgroups that comprise the Manobo group.
[by whom?]
The total Manobo
population is not known, although they occupy core areas from Sarangani island into the
Mindanao mainland in the provinces of Agusan del Sur, Davao provinces, Bukidnon, and North
and South Cotabato. The groups occupy such a wide area of distribution that localized groups
have assumed the character of distinctiveness as a separate ethnic grouping such as the Bagobo
or the Higaonon, and the Atta. Depending on specific linguistic points of view, the membership
of a dialect with a supergroup shifts.
[7]

The Manobo are genetically related to the Denisovans, much like the Mamanwa.
[8]

Subanon
Main article: Subanon
The Subanons are the first settlers of the Zamboanga peninsula. The family is patriarchal while
the village is led by a chief called Timuay. He acts as the village judge and is concerned with all
communal matters.
History has better words to speak for Misamis Occidental. Its principal city was originally
populated by the Subanon, a cultural group that once roamed the seas in great number; the
province was an easy prey to the marauding sea pirates of Lanao whose habit was to stage
lightning forays along the coastal areas in search of slaves. As the Subanon retreated deeper and
deeper into the interior, the coastal areas became home to inhabitants from Bukidnon who were
steadily followed by settlers from nearby Cebu and Bohol.
Higaonon
The Higaonon is located on the provinces of Bukidnon, Agusan del Sur, Misamis Oriental,
Rogongon, Iligan City, and Lanao del Norte. Their name means "people of the wilderness". Most
Higaonons have a rather traditional way of living. Farming is the most important economic
activity.
Mamanwa


A 1926 photograph of Bagobo (Manobo) warriors in full war regalia
The Mamanwa is a Negrito tribe often grouped together with the Lumad. They come from Leyte,
Agusan del Norte, and Surigao provinces in Mindanao; primarily in Kitcharao and Santiago,
Agusan del Norte,
[9]
though they are lesser in number and more scattered and nomadic than the
Manobos and Mandaya tribes who also inhabit the region. Like all Negritos, the Mamanwas are
genetically distinct from the lowlanders and the upland living Manobos, exhibiting curly hair and
much darker skin tones.
These peoples are traditionally hunter-gatherers
[10]
and consume a wide variety of wild plants,
herbs, insects, and animals from tropical rainforest. The Mamanwa are categorized as having the
"negrito" phenotype with by dark skin, kinky hair, and short stature.
[10][11]
The origins of this
phenotype (found in the Agta, Ati, and Aeta tribes in the Philippines) are a continued topic of
debate, with recent evidence suggesting that the phenotype convergently evolved in several areas
of southeast Asia.
[12]

However, recent genomic evidence suggests that the Mamanwa were one of the first populations
to leave Africa along with peoples in New Guinea and Australia, and that they diverged from a
common origin about 36,000 years ago.
[13]

Currently, Mamanwa populations live in sedentary settlements ("barangays") that are close to
agricultural peoples and market centers. As a result, a substantial proportion of their diet includes
starch-dense domesticated foods.
[14]
The extent to which agricultural products are bought or
exchanged varies in each Mamanwa settlement with some individuals continuing to farm and
produce their own domesticated foods while others rely on purchasing food from market centers.
The Mamanwa have been exposed to many of the modernities mainstream agricultural
populations possess and use such as cell phones, televisions, radio, processed foods, etc.
[14]

The political system of the Mamanwa is informally democratic and age-structured. Elders are
respected and are expected to maintain peace and order within the tribe. The chieftain, called a
Tambayon, usually takes over the duties of counseling tribal members, speaking at gatherings,
and arbitrating disagreements. The chieftain may be a man or a woman, which is characteristic of
other gender-egalitarian hunter-gatherer societies.
[15]
They believe in a collection of spirits,
which are governed by the supreme deity Magbabaya, although it appears that their contact with
monotheist communities/populations has made a considerable impact on the Mamanwa's
religious practices. They are often taught (by Christian and Catholic rural Pilipinos) that their
animistic beliefs are savage. The tribe produce excellent winnowing baskets, rattan hammocks,
and other household containers.
Mamanwa (also spelled Mamanoa) means 'first forest dwellers', from the words man (first) and
banwa (forest).
[16]
They speak the Mamanwa language (or Minamanwa).
[17]
They are genetically
related to the Denisovans.
[8]

Mandaya
"Mandaya" derives from "man" meaning "first," and "daya" meaning "upstream" or "upper
portion of a river," and therefore means "the first people upstream". It refers to a number of
groups found along the mountain ranges of Davao Oriental, as well as to their customs, language,
and beliefs. The Mandaya are also found in Compostela and New Bataan in Compostela
(formerly a part of Davao del Norte Province).
Mansaka
The term "Mansaka" derives from "mang" with literal meaning "to" and "saka" meaning "climb,"
and means "to climb or to ascend mountains/upstream." The term most likely describes the
origin of these people who are found today in Davao del Norte and Davao del Sur. Specifically
in the Batoto River, the Manat Valley, Caragan, Maragusan, the Hijo River Valley, and the
seacoasts of Kingking, Maco, Kwambog, Hijo, Tagum, Libuganon, Tuganay, Ising, and
Panabo.
[18]

Sangil
The Sangir or Sangil is located in the islands of Balut, Sarangani, and the coastal areas of South
Cotabato and Davao del Sur. Their name comes from Sangihe, an archipelago located between
Sulawesi and Mindanao. This was their original home, but they migrated northwards.
Tagabawa
Tagabawa is the language used by the Bagobo-Tagabawa. They are the indigenous tribe in
Mindanao. They live in the surrounding areas of Mt. Apo.
[19]

Tasaday
Main article: Tasaday
The Tasaday is a group of about two dozen people living within the deep and mountainous
rainforests of Mindanao, who attracted wide media attention in 1971 when they were first
"discovered" by western scientists who reported that they were living at a "stone age" level of
technology and had been completely isolated from the rest of Philippine society. They later
attracted attention in the 1980s when it was reported that their discovery had in fact been an
elaborate hoax, and doubt was raised both about their status as isolated from other societies and
even about the reality of their existence as a separate ethnic group. The question of whether
Tasaday studies published in the seventies are accurate is still being discussed.
[20][21]

T'boli
Main article: Tboli
The Tbolis are one of the indigenous peoples of South Mindanao. From the body of ethnographic
and linguistic literature on Mindanao, they are variously known as Toboli, T'boli, Tbli, Tiboli,
Tibole, Tagabili, Tagabeli, and Tagabulu. They term themselves Tboli or T'boli. Their
whereabouts and identity are to some extent confused in the literature; some publications present
the Toboli and the Tagabili as distinct peoples; some locate the Tbolis to the vicinity of the
Buluan Lake in the Cotabato Basin or in Agusan del Norte. The Tbolis, then, reside on the
mountain slopes on either side of the upper Alah Valley and the coastal area of Maitum, Maasim
and Kiamba. In former times, the Tbolis also inhabited the upper Alah Valley floor.
Musical heritage
Main articles: Music of the Philippines and Agung
Most of the Mindanao Lumad groups have a musical heritage consisting of various types of
Agung ensembles ensembles composed of large hanging, suspended or held, bossed/knobbed
gongs which act as drone without any accompanying melodic instrument.
[22]

Social issues


Norma Capuyan, vice chair of Apo Sandawa Lumadnong Panaghiusa sa Cotabato (ASLPC)
speaking out in a press conference to defend the ancestral domains of the Lumad.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the Lumads controlled an area which now covers 17 of
Mindanaos 24 provinces, but by the 1980 census, they constituted less than 6% of the
population of Mindanao and Sulu. Significant migration to Mindanao of Visayans, spurred by
government-sponsored resettlement programmes, turned the Lumads into minorities. The
Bukidnon province population grew from 63,470 in 1948 to 194,368 in 1960 and 414,762 in
1970, with the proportion of indigenous Bukidnons falling from 64% to 33% to 14%.
Lumads have a traditional concept of land ownership based on what their communities consider
their ancestral territories. The historian B. R. Rodil notes that a territory occupied by a
community is a communal private property, and community members have the right of usufruct
to any piece of unoccupied land within the communal territory. Ancestral lands include
cultivated land as well as hunting grounds, rivers, forests, uncultivated land and the mineral
resources below the land.
Unlike the Moros, the Lumad groups never formed a revolutionary group to unite them in armed
struggle against the Philippine government. When the migrants came, many Lumad groups
retreated into the mountains and forests. However, the Moro armed groups and the Communist-
led New Peoples Army (NPA) have recruited Lumads to their ranks, and the armed forces have
also recruited them into paramilitary organisations to fight the Moros or the NPA.[citation
needed]
For the Lumad, securing their rights to ancestral domain is as urgent as the Moros quest for self-
determination. However, much of their land has already been registered in the name of
multinational corporations, logging companies and other wealthy Filipinos, many of whom are,
relatively speaking, recent settlers to Mindanao. Mai Tuan, a T'boli leader explains, "Now that
there is a peace agreement for the MNLF, we are happy because we are given food assistance
like rice we also feel sad because we no longer have the pots to cook it with. We no longer
have control over our ancestral lands."
[23]

Davao City


Historical Background
Local historians claim that the word Davao came from the phonetic blending of the word of three
Bagobo subgroups when referring to Davao River, an essential waterway which empties itself into
Davao Gulf near the city.
The aboriginal Obos who inhabit the hinterlands of the region called the river,
Davoh; the Clatta or Guiangans called it Duhwow, or Davau, and the Tagabawa
Bagobos, Dabu. To the Obos, the word davoh also means a place "beyond the
high grounds", alluding to the settlements located at the mouth of Davao River
which were surrounded by high rolling hills. When asked where they were going,
the usual reply is davoh, while pointing towards the direction of the town.
Duhwow also refers to a trading settlement where they barter their forest goods
in exchange for salt or other commodities.
Spanish influence was hardly felt in the Davao until 1847, when an expedition
led by Don Jose Oyanguren came to establish a Christian settlement in an area
of mangrove swamps that is now Bolton Riverside. Davao was then ruled by a
Moro chieftain, Datu Bago, who held his settlement at the banks of Davao River
(once called Tagloc River by the Bagobos). After Oyanguren defeated Datu
Bago, he renamed the region Nueva Guipozcoa, in honor of his home in Spain,
and became its first governor. Oyanguren's efforts to develop the area,
however, did not prosper.
A few years after the American forces landed in 1900, private farm ownership grew and transportation
and communication facilities were improved, thus paving the way for the region's economic growth.
A Japanese entrepreneur named Kichisaburo Ohta was granted permission to exploit vast territories
which he transformed into abaca and coconut plantations. The first wave of Japanese plantation
workers came onto its shores in 1903, creating a Japan kuo, or Little Japan. They had their own
school, newspapers, an embassy, and even a Shinto Shrine. On the whole, they established extensive
abaca plantations around the shores of Davao Gulf and developed large-scale commercial interests
such as copra, timber, fishing and import-export trading. Filipinos learned the techniques of improved
cultivation from the Japanese so that ultimately, agriculture became the lifeblood of the province's
economic prosperity.
Davao was formally inaugurated as a charter city in March 16, 1937 by President Elpidio Quirino.
Thirty years later, Davao was subdivided into three independent provinces, namely Davao del Norte,
Davao del Sur, and Davao Oriental. Over the years, Davao has become an ethnic melting pot as it
continues to draw migrants from all over the country, lured by the prospects of striking it rich in the
country's third largest city.
City Profile
Location:
Approximately 588 statute miles southeast of Manila and 241 statute miles to Cebu City.
Traveling by sea, its location from Manila and Cebu is 971 and 593 nautical miles
respectively.
It is the capital of the Davao Region and is the biggest urban Market in the growth
polygon called BIMP-EAGA (Brunei-Indonesia-Malaysia-Philippines East Asean Growth
Area)
Climate:
Typhoon free, with distributed temperature, rainfall and humidity throughout the year.

City People

Majority of the Davaoeos are migrants dominated by Visayans, Chinese and Muslims, the
province is touted to have the most number of indigenous tribal communities or lumads (meaning
literally "from the bowels of the earth") living within its territory.

Among these are the Bgobos who live along the slopes of Mount Apo. Being the
most colorfully dressed among the tribes, their hand-woven abaca garments are
embroidered with geometric patterns and adorned with beads, shells and metal
disks. The Bagobos are farmers who live in the hinterlands of Davao. The
Guiangans, or Obos, like the Bagobos, are forest-dwellers. The Mandayas and the
Mansakas, the more musically-inclined among the tribes, are skilled silversmiths.
They inhabit the eastern areas of Davao del Norte and the remote mountain
clearings of Davao Oriental. West of Davao del Norte are the Atas while along the
shores of Davao Gulf dwell the Kalangans. The Manobos, also known as the
Manubas or Man-subas (suba, meaning river in the Visayan dialect), are river-
dwellers who are closely related to the Atas. Samal Island is occupied by the Samals while the
Maguindanaoans inhabit parts of Davao Gulf and Saranggani Islands.

Like most indigenous tribes anywhere else in the world, these lumads face the constant struggle
of protecting their ancestral lands from being plundered by unscrupulous new settlers, and by
trying hard to preserve their culture in the changing world of traditions.


Davao City


City Festivals
Araw ng Dabaw:
This is celebrated every 16th of March, the founding of the city. However, it is a week-long
celebration with a socio-civic and military parade, sports competitions, and fireworks.
Kadayawan:
The Kadayawan is an internationally renowned festival. It is a weeklong celebration and
thanksgiving for natures bountiful harvest and celebrated annually every third week of
August. The activity coincides with the harvest time of Davaos exotic fruits and the blooming
of the waling-waling (vanda sanderana). The culmination of the festival is its most famous and
much-awaited grand floral parade. During the culmination, one can see countless and
breathtaking mobile floats full of real and fresh flowers, and the dancing in the streets.
City Tourist Spots
Mount Apo
Philippine Eagle Nature Center
Eden Mountain Resort
Malagos Garden Resort
Pearl Farm Beach Resort
Davao Museum
Gap Farming Orchard Resort
Crocodile Park
Talomo Beach
Shrine of the Holy Infant Jesus of Prague

City History
City Profile
City People
Davao Region (Region XI)
Posted on April 19, 2011 by philippinesmyphilippines

Banana Farm - Davao (Region XI)
Davao Region Region XI is the Banana Capital of the Philippines, located on the southeastern
portion of Mindanao
Davao is the Hispanicized pronunciation of daba-daba, the Bagobo word for fire (the Cebuano
translation is kalayo).
The place where you can usually found the expensive fruit Durian, that is why its being called
the Durian City in the Philippines.
Regional center: Davao City
Total Area: 20,244 km2 (7,816.3 sq mi)
Population (2007)
Total: 4,156,653
Density: 205.3/km2 (531.8/sq mi)
Time zone: PST (UTC+8)
Provinces: 4
Cities: 6
Municipalities: 44
Barangays: 1160
Cong. districts: 11
Languages: Cebuano, Davaoeo dialect of Chabacano, Mandayan, Dibabawon, Mansakan,
Manobo, Tagalog, Ilokano and others
Political Divisions
Province(City) / Capital / Population (2007) / Area (km)
Valley / Nabunturan / 637,366 / 4,479.77
Davao del Norte / Tagum City / 847,440 / 3,426.97
Davao del Sur / Digos City / 822,406 / 4,223.45
Davao Oriental / Mati City / 486,104 / 5,670.07
Davao City / / 1,363,337 / 2,443.61
Davao Region is subdivided into 4 provinces and Davao City.
Component Cities
Digos City, Davao del Sur
Island Garden City of Samal, Davao del Norte
Panabo City, Davao del Norte
Tagum City, Davao del Norte
Mati City, Davao Oriental
Highly Urbanized City
Davao City, Davao del Sur
The People
Region 11 is a melting pot of many cultural groups. Cebuanos, Boholanos, and Ilonggos are the
majority groups. Others include Maguindanaos, Maranaos, Manobos, Tbolis, Bagobos, Blaans,
Samals, and Agtas. Smaller communities of Ilocanos, Tagalogs, Warays, and Bicolanos are also
found.
The Facilities
The regions principal ports are the Sasa International Seaport in Sasa, Sta. Ana Pier in the
Chinatown District, Panabo Seaport in Davao del Norte, and Mati Seaport in Davao Oriental.
Infrastructure developments in the cities within the region are considered excellent.
The airport in Davao City is the largest and most developed in Mindanao. The region is
accessible by land, air and sea. The region has adequate communications facilities, reliable
power and an abundant water supply.
Davao City Festivals
Araw ng Dabaw
Every March 16

This is a week-long celebration of the founding of the city that culminates every 16th of March
with a socio-civic and military parade, sports competitions, and fireworks.

One of the highlights of the celebration is the selection of the Mutya ng Dabaw (Miss Davao)
from among the most beautiful ladies in the land every 15th of March.


Kadayawan Festivala>
Every 3rd week of August

This internationally renowned festival is a weeklong celebration and thanksgiving for nature's
bountiful harvest. Celebrated annually every third week of August. The activity coincides with
the harvest time of Davaoeos exotic fruits and the blooming of the waling-waling (vanda
sanderana). The festival culminates with its most famous and much-awaited grand floral parade
(where one can see countless and breathtaking mobile floats full of real and fresh flowers) and
the dancing in the streets.

View photos of the Kadayawan 2012


Pasko Fiesta
Entire month of December

Pasko Fiesta sa Davao is an integration of festive and competitive Christmas activities
showcasing colorful lightings and array of decorations in barangays, public parks, roads and
buildings, and a series of competitive performances showcasing the community's creativity and
talents while keeping alive Christmas traditions.

During this season, the city pulsates with exciting sights and sounds, barraged with mall sales,
bazaars, food festivals, and night markets filled with wholesome entertainment day and night.


Chinese New Year Festival
Based on the Lunar calendar

Created under Executive Order No. 01, series of 2009, the Davao Chinese New Year festival
celebrates the harmonious relations of the locals with the city's Chinese community as it
promotes the development of the Chinatown - covering R. Magsaysay Ave., Monteverde Ave.,
Sta. Ana Ave. and Leon Garcia St. - as one of the major historical, economic and cultural centers
of the city.

Festival highlights include a motorcade, film showing, exhibits, temple visits, nightly
entertainment and the Chinatown Night Market.


Chinese Mid- Autumn Moon Cake Festival
15th day of the 8th month in the Lunar Calendar

This is the second most important festival after the Chinese New Year for the Chinese people.

It is related to the moon and the Chinese people like the moon very much. In Chinese culture, the
dull moon symbolizes wholeness and togetherness. In the middle of the 8th month of the Chinese
calendar the moon is in its fullest and roundest and 8 is a popular number in Chinese culture,
symbolizing wealth and prosperity.

The Moon Festival has 3,000-year history and the celebrations through the years show happiness
and excitement for the Chinese people. Main celebrations involve appreciation of the moon
(moon gazing), eating moon cakes together, and making Chinese Moon Festival lanterns. The
Chinese people do not believe it is a Moon Festival if these three main activities are not present.