Fundamentals of Computer Networks

* Property of STI
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OSI Model
General Model of
Communication
Layers and Data Packet
Layers can be use to model
communication
Information that travels on the network is
called a data packet
A data packet will have a source and a
destination
Fundamentals of Computer Networks
* Property of STI
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OSI Model
Media
A medium is a material through which data
packets travel
Types of medium
Coaxial Cable
UTP Cable
Fiber Optic Cable
Fundamentals of Computer Networks
* Property of STI
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OSI Model
Protocol
In order for data packets to travel from a
source to a destination on a network, it is
important that all the devices on the
network speak the same language.
A Protocol is a set of rules that make
communication on a network more
efficient.
Brought into existence the OSI model
Fundamentals of Computer Networks
* Property of STI
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OSI Model
The OSI Reference Model
Purpose of the OSI Reference
Model
A framework how information travels on the
network
Advantages:
it breaks network communication into
smaller, simpler parts
it standardizes network components to allow
multiple-vendor development and support
it allows different types of network hardware
and software to communicate with each
other
it prevents changes in one layer from
affecting the other layers, so that they can
develop more quickly
it breaks network communication into
smaller parts to make learning it easier to
understand
Fundamentals of Computer Networks
* Property of STI
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OSI Model
Why a Layered Model?
Fundamentals of Computer Networks
* Property of STI
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OSI Model
The OSI Reference Model
Functions of each Layer
Application - Network processes to
applications
Presentation - Data representation
Session - Interhost communication
Transport - End-to-end connections
Network - Address and best data path
Data Link - Access to media
Physical - Binary transmission
Fundamentals of Computer Networks
* Property of STI
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OSI Model
The OSI Reference Model
Fundamentals of Computer Networks
* Property of STI
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OSI Model
Encapsulation
Encapsulation wraps data with the
necessary protocol information before
network transit
Fundamentals of Computer Networks
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OSI Model
Names for Data Based on
Layer
Fundamentals of Computer Networks
* Property of STI
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OSI Model
Comparison of the OSI
Model and the TCP/IP
Model
TCP/IP
Allows communication anywhere in the
world
TCP/IP Layers:
Application
Transport
Internet
Network Access
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OSI Model
TCP/IP Layers
Application Layer - handles high-level protocols,
issues of representation, encoding, and dialog
control. The TCP/IP combines all application-related
issues into one layer, and assures this data is
properly packaged for the next layer
Transport Layer - deals with the quality-of-service
issues of reliability, flow control, and error correction
Internet Layer - best path determination and packet
switching occur at this layer
Network Access Layer - concerned with all of the
issues that an IP packet requires to actually make a
physical link, and then to make another physical link
Fundamentals of Computer Networks
* Property of STI
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OSI Model
TCP/IP Protocol Graph
Fundamentals of Computer Networks
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OSI Model
Comparison of the OSI and
TCP/IP
Similarities
both have layers
both have application layers, though they
include very different services
both have comparable transport and
network layers
packet-switched (not circuit-switched)
technology is assumed
networking professionals need to know both
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* Property of STI
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OSI Model
Comparison of the OSI and
TCP/IP
Differences
TCP/IP combines the presentation and
session layer issues into its application layer
TCP/IP combines the OSI data link and
physical layers into one layer
TCP/IP appears simpler because it has
fewer layers
TCP/IP protocols are the standards around
which the Internet developed, so the TCP/IP
model gains credibility just because of its
protocols. In contrast, typically networks
aren't built on the OSI protocol, even though
the OSI model is used as a guide.
Fundamentals of Computer Networks
* Property of STI
Page 15 of 15
OSI Model
Comparison of the OSI and
TCP/IP