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50
Ti with a half-life of (more than) 1.8x10
17
years. Twenty-two radioisotopes, all which are entirely synthetic, have been characterized with the most stable being
51
Cr with
a half-life of 27.7 days. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than 24 hours and the majority of
these have half-lives that are less than 1 minute, the least stable being
66
Cr with a half-life of 10 milliseconds. This element also
has 2 meta states,
45
Cr
m
, the more stable one, and
59
Cr
m
, the least stable isotope or isomer.
53
Cr is the radiogenic decay product of
53
Mn. Chromium isotopic contents are typically combined with manganese isotopic
contents and have found application in isotope geology. Mn-Cr isotope ratios reinforce the evidence from
26
Al and
107
Pd for
the early history of the solar system. Variations in
53
Cr/
52
Cr and Mn/Cr ratios from several meteorites indicate an initial
53
Mn/
55
Mn ratio that suggests Mn-Cr isotope systematics must result from in-situ decay of
53
Mn in differentiated planetary
bodies. Hence
53
Cr provides additional evidence for nucleosynthetic processes immediately before coalescence of the solar
system. The same isotope is preferentially involved in certain leaching reactions, thereby allowing its abundance in seawater
sediments to be used as a proxy for atmospheric oxygen concentrations.
[1]
The isotopes of chromium range from
42
Cr to
67
Cr. The primary decay mode before the most abundant stable isotope,
52
Cr, is
electron capture and the primary mode after is beta decay.
Standard atomic mass: 51.9961(6) u
1 Table
1.1 Notes
2 References
3 External links
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nuclide
symbol
Z(p) N(n)
isotopic mass (u)
half-life
decay
mode(s)
[2][n 1]
daughter
isotope(s)
[n 2]
nuclear
spin
representative
isotopic
composition
(mole fraction)
range of natural
variation
(mole fraction)
excitation energy
42
Cr
24 18 42.00643(32)#
14(3) ms
[13(+4-2) ms]
+
(>99.9%)
42
V
0+
2p (<.1%)
40
Ti
43
Cr
24 19 42.99771(24)# 21.6(7) ms
+
(71%)
43
V
(3/2+)
+
, p (23%)
42
Ti
+
, 2p (6%)
41
Sc
+
, (<.1%)
39
Sc
44
Cr
24 20 43.98555(5)#
54(4) ms
[53(+4-3) ms]
+
(93%)
44
V
0+
+
, p (7%)
43
Ti
45
Cr
24 21 44.97964(54) 50(6) ms
+
(73%)
45
V
7/2-#
+
, p (27%)
44
Ti
45m
Cr
50(100)# keV 1# ms
IT
45
Cr
3/2+#
+ 45
V
46
Cr
24 22 45.968359(21) 0.26(6) s
+ 46
V
0+
47
Cr
24 23 46.962900(15) 500(15) ms
+ 47
V
3/2-
48
Cr
24 24 47.954032(8) 21.56(3) h
+ 48
V
0+
49
Cr
24 25 48.9513357(26) 42.3(1) min
+ 49
V
5/2-
50
Cr
24 26 49.9460442(11)
Observationally Stable
[n 3]
0+ 0.04345(13) 0.04294-0.04345
51
Cr
24 27 50.9447674(11) 27.7025(24) d EC
51
V
7/2-
52
Cr
24 28 51.9405075(8) Stable 0+ 0.83789(18) 0.83762-0.83790
53
Cr
24 29 52.9406494(8) Stable 3/2- 0.09501(17) 0.09501-0.09553
54
Cr
24 30 53.9388804(8) Stable 0+ 0.02365(7) 0.02365-0.02391
55
Cr
24 31 54.9408397(8) 3.497(3) min
- 55
Mn
3/2-
56
Cr
24 32 55.9406531(20) 5.94(10) min
- 56
Mn
0+
57
Cr
24 33 56.943613(2) 21.1(10) s
- 57
Mn
(3/2-)
58
Cr
24 34 57.94435(22) 7.0(3) s
- 58
Mn
0+
59
Cr
24 35 58.94859(26) 460(50) ms
- 59
Mn
5/2-#
59m
Cr
503.0(17) keV 96(20) s (9/2+)
60
Cr
24 36 59.95008(23) 560(60) ms
- 60
Mn
0+
61
Cr
24 37 60.95472(27) 261(15) ms
-
(>99.9%)
61
Mn
5/2-#
-
, n (<.1%)
60
Mn
62
Cr
24 38 61.95661(36) 199(9) ms
-
(>99.9%)
62
Mn
0+
-
, n
61
Mn
63
Cr
24 39 62.96186(32)# 129(2) ms
- 63
Mn
(1/2-)#
-
, n
62
Mn
64
Cr
24 40 63.96441(43)# 43(1) ms
- 64
Mn
0+
Isotopes of chromium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_chromium
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65
Cr
24 41 64.97016(54)# 27(3) ms
- 65
Mn
(1/2-)#
66
Cr
24 42 65.97338(64)# 10(6) ms
- 66
Mn
0+
67
Cr
24 43 66.97955(75)#
10# ms
[>300 ns]
- 67
Mn
1/2-#
^ Abbreviations:
EC: Electron capture
IT: Isomeric transition
1.
^ Bold for stable isotopes 2.
^ Suspected of decaying by
+
+
decay to
50
Ti with a half-life of no less than 1.3 10
18
a 3.
Notes
Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from systematic trends. Spins with
weak assignment arguments are enclosed in parentheses.
Uncertainties are given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits. Uncertainty values denote one
standard deviation, except isotopic composition and standard atomic mass from IUPAC which use expanded
uncertainties.
Nuclide masses are given by IUPAP Commission on Symbols, Units, Nomenclature, Atomic Masses and Fundamental
Constants (SUNAMCO)
Isotope abundances are given by IUPAC Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights
^ R. Frei, C. Gaucher, S. W. Poulton, D. E. Canfield (2009). "Fluctuations in Precambrian atmospheric oxygenation recorded by
chromium isotopes". Nature 461 (7261): 2503. Bibcode:2009Natur.461..250F (http://adsabs.harvard.edu
/abs/2009Natur.461..250F). doi:10.1038/nature08266 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature08266). PMID 19741707
(//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19741707).
1.
^ http://www.nucleonica.net/unc.aspx 2.
Isotope masses from:
G. Audi, A. H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and
decay properties" (http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/amdc/nubase/Nubase2003.pdf). Nuclear Physics A 729: 3128.
Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A (http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003NuPhA.729....3A).
doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.nuclphysa.2003.11.001).
Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
J. R. de Laeter, J. K. Bhlke, P. De Bivre, H. Hidaka, H. S. Peiser, K. J. R. Rosman and P. D. P. Taylor (2003).
"Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)" (http://www.iupac.org/publications
/pac/75/6/0683/pdf/). Pure and Applied Chemistry 75 (6): 683800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683
(http://dx.doi.org/10.1351%2Fpac200375060683).
M. E. Wieser (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)" (http://iupac.org
/publications/pac/78/11/2051/pdf/). Pure and Applied Chemistry 78 (11): 20512066.
doi:10.1351/pac200678112051 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1351%2Fpac200678112051). Lay summary
(http://old.iupac.org/news/archives/2005/atomic-weights_revised05.html).
Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources. See editing notes on this article's talk page.
G. Audi, A. H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and
decay properties" (http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/amdc/nubase/Nubase2003.pdf). Nuclear Physics A 729: 3128.
Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A (http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003NuPhA.729....3A).
doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.nuclphysa.2003.11.001).
National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.1 database" (http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat2/). Brookhaven National
Laboratory. Retrieved September 2005.
N. E. Holden (2004). "Table of the Isotopes". In D. R. Lide. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.).
CRC Press. Section 11. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.
Isotopes of chromium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_chromium
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Chromium isotopes data from The Berkeley Laboratory Isotopes Project's (http://ie.lbl.gov/education/parent/Cr_iso.htm)
Isotopes of vanadium Isotopes of chromium
Isotopes of
manganese
Table of nuclides
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Categories: Chromium Isotopes of chromium Lists of isotopes by element
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