Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
TV standards.
Basic TV standards.
Standards
111
111
for monochrome
Basic standards
Broadcasting
Broadcasting
television.
for colour
. . . . . ..
television
Digital coding
114
standards
of special
115
services.
. . . . . . . . . ..
television
112
113
of TV programs
TV broadcasting
Satellite
. . . . . . . . . . . ..
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
....
115
116
..
116
118
Table of countries
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
119
Group delay
.'.....
Test lines/colour
Waveform
bar signals
123
standards/weighting
Channel definitions
121
filter
. . . . . . . ..
(VHF, UHF)
124
125
Antiope
Acquisition
BBC
British
numerique
CATV
Cable Television
CBC
CCETT
Canadian Broadcasting
Corporation
Centre Commun d'etudes de Telediffusion
CCIR
Comite
Consultatif
International
des Radiocommunications
CCITT
Comite
Consultatif
International
de Telegraphique
CEPT
Conference
Broadcasting
Europeenne
Didon
Diffusion
DIN
Deutsches
EBU (UER)
European
EIA
Electronic
ERP
Effective
FCC
Federal
FDM,TDM
Frequencyrrime
GOST
GPO
et televisualisation
de donnees
Institut
Industries
et Telephonique
(par paquets)
Union
Association
Power
Division
Commission
Multiplex
der UdSSR
IBA
ITU (UIT)
International
Telecommunication
KtK
Kommission
MAC, (C-)
(Combined)
Multiplex
Authority
Union
des technischen
Analogue
NTSC
National
Organisation
PAL
Phase Alternating
SABC
South African
SECAM
Sequentielle
TDF
Telediffusion
UER (EBU)
UIT (ITU)
Television
System
Internationale
Committee
de Radiodiffusion-Television
Line
Broadcasting
Kommunikationssystems
Component
OIRT
WARC
en pages d'ecriture
et Telecommunications
des Administrations
Communications
Normensystem
organisees
fOr Normung
Broadcasting
Radiated
d'images
Corporation
Corporation
memoire
de France
Union Europeenne
de Radiodiffusion
Physiology of vision
Line scanning
Field repetition
Colour transmission
Vision characteristics
Mean resolution l' (angle of sight),
Optimum angle for picture observation without fatigue of eye
muscles 10,
Optimum line number = observation angle = 10 = 600 lines,
'angle of sight
1'
Line
I----
3
Line
1
2
3
4
Line
FCC standard
525
60
NTSC
4.2 MHz
3.58 MHz
CCIR standard
625
50
PAUSECAM
5/5.5/6 MHz
4.43 MHz
I\)
Standards
for monochrome
television
OJ
(J)
Standard
Frequency
Number
of lines
per frame
B/G
D/K
K11)
CCIR
OIRT
Belgium
UK
FOPTA')
France
FCC
South
VHF/UHF
UHF
VHF/UHF
VHF/UHF
VHF/UHF
VHF/UHF
VHF/UHF
625
625
625
625
625
525
625
Hz
50
50
50
50
50
50
60
50
Hz
15625
15625
15625
15 625
15 625
15 625
15750
15 625
Duration
lis
4.7
4.7
4.7
4.7
4.7
4.7
5 (4.7)2)
Duration
of line blanking
liS
12
12
12
1.5
12
1.5
10.9
1.5
12
1.5
10.8 (11)2)
lis
12
1.5
1.9 (1.75)2)
1.9
Field blanking
Video
interval
RF channel
width
Vision-sound
carrier
spacing
1.5
25
25
25
25
25
25
19 to 21
19 to 25
MHz
5.5
4.2
4.2
MHz
7(B)/8(G)
MHz
+5.5
+6.5
+5.5
+6
+6.5
6.5
+4.5
+4.5
0.75
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.25
0.75
0.75
Lines
bandwidth
+5.746)
Width
of vestigial
Spacing
nearest
of vision
sideband
carrier
edge of channel
RF white
Type of vision
modulation
Type of sound
modulation
+1.25
+1.25
+1.25
+1.25
+1.25
+ 1.25
+ 1.25
+1.25
100
100
100
100
100
<6
100
100
733)
75
75
76
75
30
75
75
10
12.5
10
20
10
100 (110)2)
10
10
C3F neg.
C3F neg.
C3F neg.
C3F neg.
C3F neg.
C3F pos.
C3F neg.
C3F neg.
F3E
F3E
F3E
F3E
F3E
A3E
F3E
F3E
MHz
level
level (residual
0.75
from
RF sync level
RF blanking
MHz
carrier)
F3EH6)
Frequency
deviation
kHz
Preemphasis
Vision/sound
liS
power
ratio
50
50
50
50
50
25
25
50
50
50
50
50
75
75
10:1 to
10:1 to
5:1 to
5:1
10:1
10:1
20:14)
5:1
10:1
20:1:0.26)
0)
(J)
VHF/UHF
Line frequency
Front porch
America
625
Field frequency
pulse
()
.) 20:1in the Federal Republic of Germanyas of April 1976for all TV transmissions of the three programs.
') 6.7:1and 2.9:1 in Japan.
') For dualsound or stereo sound in the FederalRepublic of Germany
(at present in 2nd program).
10:1 to
10:1 to
5:15)
5:1
JJ
0
(J)
System
NTSC
SECAM
D,K,K1
Standard
Luminance
signal
Colour difference
signals
+ 0.74 (E'R-E'y)
(chrominance
E'Q=0.41
signals)
(E's-E'y)
+ 0.48 (E'R-E'y)
Correction
of colour
D""R = AD' R
1+J'-R
85
difference
signals
D""s = AD's
1+J'-s
255
Composite
colour
video signal
EM
= E'y +
fH
15734.264
Field frequency
Chrominance
subcarrier
amplitude
15 6250.016
59.94 Hz
modulation
of two subcarriers
4433618.755
1 Hz
Hz
3582056.25
3575611.49 10Hz
between fscand fH
sc
= 455. f
f
H
Bandwidth 1deviation
of colour difference
signal
sc
= (1135
4
fsc + 5701
-1300 kHz
+ _1_).
625
f
H
fsc + 10661
-1300
sc
909
4
.f
f
H
fsc+6001-1300
kHz
50 Hz
5 Hz
1)
625
fsc + 6201-1300
9 1 cycles
kHz
1800, relative to
(f = 4286 20 kHz)
of chromi-
Phase of burst
/1+j-16F
1 + j-1.26F
Mo= 11.5%of
luminance amplitude;
F=~-~
fo
10 1 cycles
+ 1350 for odd lines in 1st and 2nd fields
-1350
subcarrier
kHz
nance subcarrier
Duration of burst
- (917
sc4+
of
chrominance
15625 0016 Hz
50 Hz
59.94 Hz
Hz 14433618.75
FM
15 6250.016
15734.264 005 Hz
Hz
50 Hz
10Hz
t or
in quadrature
freq. fsc
Relationship
Amplitude
G = Function
0.05 Hz
3579545
2rr(foR + D'*RLlfoR}'
Type of modulation
Line frequency
EM = E'y + Gcos
E'I (cosOJsct+33)
+ E'Q (sin wsct + 330)
of burst
at max. 540 mV
at max. 500 mV
fR.s
The display is picked up like an open scene in the new standard by a camera tube. A digital standards converter converts
the picture signal information from analog into digital form,
reads it into a digital memory, reads it out with a new scanning rate and reconverts it into analog form.
In the standards converter for colour television, the
incoming signal must be divided into its luminance and
chrominance components, decoded and remodulated onto
the other colour carrier. If only the colour system is to be
converted, e.g. PAL into SECAM, the number of lines and the
field frequency being equal, no picture memory is required. It
then suffices to separate and transcode the chrominance
signal and to modulate the new carrier as required (transcoder principle).
Broadcasting of TV programs
The public television service is operated by broadcasting
picture and sound from picture transmitters and associated
sound transmitters in three main frequency ranges in the
VHF and UHF bands. By international ruling of the UIT/ITU,
these ranges are exclusively allocated to television broadcasting. Subdivision into operating channels and their
assignment by location are also ruled by international regional agreement. The Stockholm Plan of 1961 is at present
valid in Europe:
Band
Frequency
Channel
Bandwidth
I
II
(41) 47 to 68 MHz
87.5 (88) to
108 MHz
174 to 223 (230) MHz
470 to 582 MHz
582 to 790 (860) MHz
11.7 to 12.5 GHz
2 to 4
VHF FM
sound
5 to 11 (12)
21 to 27
28 to 60 (69)
satellite TV
7 MHz
III
IV
V
VI
Special
channels 68 to 82 (89) MHz
Digital
sound
113 to 123 MHz
[125 to 174 MHz
CATV
230 to 300 MHz
7 MHz
8 MHz
8 MHz
5 MHz
7 MHz
7 MHz
Types of modulation
Vision:
Sound:
L+ R
Stereo
-2-
Dual sound
mono
Identification
Pilot carrier frequency
= M
54.6875 kHz (5
Hz), eqvt. to 3.5 fH
AM (with identification frequency)
50%
none
117.5 Hz eqvt to fHI
133
274.1 Hz eqvtto fH/57
dual sound
Frequency deviation of
transmitter carrier
(due to pilot tone)
Synchronization
-
The two sound channels arrive from the studio via radio link
with 15 kHz bandwidth at the TV transmitter. There matrixing
is performed for compatibility; (L+ R)/2 for channel 1, R for
channel 2. An additional sound modulator is used to
modulate the second sound carrier with sound channel 2
and with the AM-modulated pilot carrier.
The mode identification is transmitted in (data) line 16 (329)
of a normal TV picture from the studio to the dual-sound
coder of the TV transmitter via the conventional TV lines (i.e.
not the sound lines). From the 13 usable words of this data
line the first two bits of word 5 are prOVided for mode
identification in bi-phase code as follows:
Identification
Bit 1
Bit 2
Stereo
Mono
Dual sound
Fau~
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
systems
Spurious emissions
500 Hz 15 kHz
50 dB
54 dB
90 dB
90 dB
Intercarrier
deemphasis)
measured
to CCIR
modulation
44 dB
Test picture
50 dB
Black picture
50 dB
Visionlsound
10 to 75%
power
3:1/4:1/5:1
ratio
110:1/20:1,
are conventionally
depending
its advantage
intermodulation
distortion
being
energy
in TV transposers
vision-sound
Repub-
text communication
display
Country
Institute
Year
FRG
KtK
DIN-
1976 Videotext
Via TV channel
broadcasts
in cable
on standard;
in the FRG.
conventional
values
used.
line
Bildschirmtext
Leitungstext
Broadcast
Interactive
teletext
teletex
BBC
1972 Ceefax
IBA
1973 Oracle
GPO
1975
Viewdata/Prestel
TDF,
} Antiope,
Titan
} Antiope,
Didon
CCETT
Depending
Via telephone
designation
the previous
using television
1980 Teletext
UK
and TV transmitand
systems
amplification
screen
lic of Germany,
television;
on standard;
The following
CON
CBC
Telidon
(UIT/
CCITT,
ITU)
CEPT
] Broadcast
videotext
VideotextlTeletext
systems
Clock
Preliminary
B/G (Federal
] Interactive
videotex
standard
Republic
for
of Germany)
the
625-line
and I:
frequency
Half-amplitude
144.14 ns per bit
duration
Four broadcasting
standards
standards
(see also
L: 0 V (blanking
television):
FCC
CCIR
British
OIRT
525
625
625
625
Field frequency
60 Hz
50 Hz
50 Hz
50 Hz
Standard
code
Channel
width
BIG
I
7/8 MHz 8 MHz
Standard
Number
of lines
6 MHz
Data signal
Code
Words per line
1 for framing
Transmission
D/K
carier spacing
4.5 MHz
5.5 MHz,
6 MHz
5.74MHz
sideband
0.75 MHz
10:1,
ratio
20:1,
modification
adopted,
CCIR
represents
75 text
max.
average
Lines
pages
25
Text format
Coding
10 bits/character
optimum
Data flow
Transm ission
time
Modulation
carrier
to about
width,
60 ns (half-correction);
the TV transmitter
error near
precorrection
in
video band,
system
is necessary
for colour
trans-
mission,
to ultra-white
however,
are better
a loss in useful-signal
reproduced,
in-
333/334
today the
of group-delay
x 0.24 s = 18 s
start
(word),
and stop
of
incl. 1 ea.
bit
24 lines x 40 characters
channel
52/1s)
= 024 s
standard,
best compromise:
of 8-MHz
2. s
TV receiver:
parity,
utilization
interval:
approx. 9 s
1st field: 20/21, 2nd field:
occupied
on domestic
I of the 625-line
time,
= 6x
BildschirmtextlViewdata
Preliminary
standard
with text
page dialled from subscriber's
telephone
set and displayed
10:1
20:1 :0.2
The British
blanking
24 text lines
4 TV lines/picture
6.5 MHz
Wait
code
45 words
Visionl sound
Vestigial
time
per line
8 MHz
level)
8 bits/word
incl. 1 parity bit
NRZ (non return to zero)
45; incl. 2 for clock run-in,
Coding
x 10 bits
9600 bits/page
1200 bitls
9600 bits/page
1200 bits/s
.
_ 8 /
s page
F1 B (FSK)
in data channel
in return channel
H:
390 Hz, L:
450 Hz
Satellite
and
present
international
to establish
least an optimal
organizations
a uniform
compromise
digital
standard
Communication
services
1.
Point-to-point
transmissions
or at
2.
Program
fields:
3.
the following
Component
signals);
Sampling
coding
coding
standard
(Y signal
frequencies
European)
EBU has
for video
Quantization
q is 8 bits/amplitude
Data flow/channel
13.5x 106 values/sx8
2 (6.75x106
108 Mbits/s.
108 Mbits/ s
Frequency
downlink
bandwidth
capacity
is approximately
number
spacing
2 x 6
19.18 MHz
83.33 MHz
Channel
width
27 MHz
circular
83.33 MHz
can only
cables
be achieved
with
links,
internal
or fibre optics.
are made
later
140
at reducing
achieving
channel.
satisfactory
picture
Terrestrial
TV transmitters
Mbits/ s. Therefore
great
with
34 Mbits/ s per
are completely
unsuitable
carrier frequencies
Cu-cable
for transmissions.
networks
Satellites
with
power
of complete
digital TV signals
at present
TV signal components
channels.
The
digital
coding
broadcasting
elaborate
and
[S/Nq
for the
with respect
A quantization
obtain
to the previous
been improved
of sound
= (6q
The sampling
analog
signals
digital
the
20 W (13 dBW)
32 dB
32 kW (45 dBW)
PFDo
Diameter
receiving
of
antenna
signal-to-noise
ratio
37 dB
Figure
of merit
of receiving
fmax is
1928,
ratio
C/N
Video
SIN ratio
>50 dB
(weighted)
caused
by rain
Planned
channel
Conference
S/ Nq of 98
dB
- Satellite
Broadcasting
Number
the
maximum
frequency
theorem
Satellite
occupancy
allocation
of satellite
Broadcasting
of satellite
Radio
in Europa
of countries
of planned
19 (channels:
channels
positions
5 each)
95
37 West - 1x occupied
31 West - 1x occupied
Nyquist
of
services
1936,
~99.9%
~99%
Attenuation
is more
is required
the sampling
Raabe
50 dB
GfT
equip-
Total number
must follow
3.7 m
ment
broadcasting
2) dB].
frequency
1.8 m
43 dB
0.9 m
Gain
sound
(2)
FM
The frequency
studio
(X)
parallel
methods,
for satellite
sound
to quantizing
to several
considerably.
q of 16 bits/ amplitude
a quantizing
tape is
must be distributed
As compared
because
on magnetic
(1), left-hand
42 dB
Time of utilization
Recording
linear horizontal
or vertical (Y)
FM
gain
Carrier/noise
and coaxial
right-hand
ERP
100 MHz.
I-F1
Channel
Channel
Antenna
216 Mbits/ s.
In public communication
networks of present-day technology
the limits per channel lie at the hierarchical step of 34 Mbits/s
attempts
Eutelsat
Type of modulation
value)
and communications
(planned)
Sense of rotation
value
and sound
Transponder
microwave
data of broadcasting
Polarization
bits/amplitude
2 x 54 Mbits/ s
value;
bits/ amplitude
values/sx8
and
for television
satellites
with 13.5
services
services
satellites)
signals:
for fixed
for fixed
satellites)
Characteristic
the (Western
via satellite
broadcasting
(broadcasting
for
Satellite
and
recording.
prepared
distribution
(communication
studio,
transmission
at
are attempting
coding
television
19 West - 8x occupied
7 West - 1x occupied
the
1 West - 4x occupied
5 East
Planned
sound
coding
Frequency
standard:
fsample
zation
Direct satellite sound
broadcasting
with 16
stereo channels
Digital
sound
studio
Data flowl
Quantiq
channel
range
- 4x occupied
Channel
spacing
19.18 MHz
Channel
width
27 MHz
Number
of channels
In spite
of an overlapping
40
range
of 7.82 MHz,
adjacent-
32 kHz
16 bitsl
ampl. value
512 kbits/s
up to
16 bitsl
ampl. value
768 kbits/s
hand circular
48 kHz
hand circular.
channels
left-
Orbit
Polari-
pos.
zation')
Channel
number
19 West
Austria
Switzerland
Italy
19 West
19 West
2
2
2
4
22
8
26
24
28
30
32
France
19 West
Luxemburg
19 West
Belgium
19 West
Netherlands
19 West
Chan-
Polari-
Vision
nel
zation
carrier
GHz
Germany,
Fed. Rep.
19 West
Poland
10
14
18
12
16
34
20
10.99167
Italy
West
11.07500
11.15833
11.49167
Germany, Fed.Rep.
Netherlands
East
West
France
West
36
13
17
5X
11.57500
East/Atlantic
11
15
19
6X
11.65833
West
21
25
29
33
37
23
27
31
35
39
7Y
10.99167
Switzerland
8Y
11.07500
Luxemburg
East
11.15833
11.49167
Belgium
West
Germany, Fed.Rep.
West
1 West
Czechoslovakia
1 West
11
German
1 West
21
25
29
Oem. Rep.
1X
2X2)
38
40
3X
hori-
4X
zontal
17
9Y
verti-
15
19
10Y
cal
33
37
11Y
12Y
13
Finland
5 East
10
22
26
Norway
5 East
14
18
38
28
32
11.57500
Atlantic
11.65833
West
Sweden
5 East
34
30
40
Denmark
5 East
24
28
32
36
40
Satellite
12
16
20
lites, up to 16 high-quality
sound
In a TV channel
broadcasting
of the broadcasting
Great Britain
Yugoslavia
31 West
7 West
21
25
29
33
37
may be accommodated
Monaco
Hungary
37 West
21
25
29
33
37
of 85 to 90 dB can be achieved
1 West
22
26
30
34
38
16 bits/amplitude
Channel
frequencies
of broadcasting
in digital
and distribution
sound
Vision
Chan-
Vision
Chan-
Vision
The
nel
carrier
nel
carrier
nel
carrier
operating
GHz
by quantizing
11.72748
14
11.97682
27
12.22616
11.74666
15
11.99600
28
12.24534
3
4
11.76584
16
29
11.78502
17
12.01518
12.03436
11.80420
11.82338
18
12.05354
30
31
12.26452
12.28370
following
communication
satellites
19
12.07272
32
12.30288
12.32206
Eutelsat
Intelsat
Position
1-F1
13 East
-F2
7 East
V F2
1 West
53 West
F3
6
7
11.84256
20
12.09190
33
12.34124
F4
34 West
11.86174
21
12.11108
34
12.36042
F5
63 East
9
10
11.88092
22
12.13026
35
12.37960
F6
18 West
11.90010
23
12.14944
36
F7
65 East
11
11.91928
24
12.16862
37
12.39878
12.41796
12
11.93846
25
12.18780
38
8 West
11.95764
26
12.20698
39
12.43714
12.45632
1-F1
13
-F2
5 West
40
12.47550
VA F10
F11
25 West
27.5 West
Telecom
Intelsat
Eutelsat
(distribution)
satellites
F12
........
Number
of countries
Available
channels
Frequency
Planned
13 East
data,
.....................
..........
............
range ..............
Channel
spacing
channel
Channel
width ................
occupancy
satel-
channels
form. Signal-to-noise
GHz
Communications
program
with
ratios
14 or
value.
Satellite
7 East
7 (channels:
6
broadcasting
60 West
satellites
TV-Sat
19 West
TDF
19 West
1 or 2 each)
and
83.333 MHz for both
(see table
right) ...............
double
Polarization
.................
linear
horizontal
or vertical
stereo
satellites
Chan-
GHz
West
(Y)
(X)
are
presently
of
planned
CMAC
with
system
The
colour
TV
MAC means
multiplexed
analogue
combined
FM
means
the combination
effects
signals
between
luminance
and chrominance
signal.
The
(TOM) principle
vision)
according
as intended
broadcasting
luminance
satellites.
With
this
transmitted
are completely
separated
time-compressed
luminance
Between
intervals
are provided
transitions
between
(to protect
terrestrial
for clamping
systems
without
in the
within
the TV line
(level stabilization),
for
dispersal
such as microwave
recoding.
uses half
links in
The further
with
Type
Compres-
Reduction
Increase
of
sion
of required
of
signal
factor
time
bandwidth
Luminance
signal Y
Colour-difference components U, V
Sync, sound,
data signal
Frequency
deviation
Clock frequency
to normal
developed
cable
frequency
frequency
vision
in digital
range).
by the
components
the signals
signal (eg
V component
provided
the
and successively
no colour subcarrier.
packet
via (tele-
system,
in a line, followed
of
signals
multiplex
U component)
sound
head of a line
component
transmission
x compression
video
factor 1.5)
. 49.38 ns
Clock period
Clock pulses per line ..
1296
D2MAC
The signal
video bandwidth
of 8.5 MHz.
in conventional
cable
Timeplex
(predecessor
infor-
Technical
University
can be transmitted
along with the digital sound
(two stereo channels or four mono channels).
of MAC),
Braunschweig
1981 to 1982
Development
1983
1984
Denmark,
broadcasting
is intended
satellites
TV-Sat (Fed.
1 0.211s
energy-dispersal
signal
25 Hz
signal
2 0.7 liS Clamping of colourdifference
signal
3 0.5 liS Transition of clamping to colour-difference
signal to luminance
4 0.25 liS Transition of colour-difference
5 0.3 liS
6 0.2 liS
signal
Transition to end of luminance signal
Fall time of energy-dispersal
signal
via
D2-MAC packet
the
by
Great
Britain,
Norway
and
pending in Italy; the Swedish
programs
Intelsat
COUNTRIES
Systems and standards used in various countries
for monochrome
and colour television and AC
supply data
The information
tables
is based on:
XI-1, Broadcasting
service
Assembly
Dubrovnik
1986,
(television)
XVlth Plenary
Report 624-3, pp. 1 to 31, "Characteristics
of televison
Systems";
2. Green
Book
satellite
of
service
Assembly
CCIR,
Dubrovnik
"Systems
Volume
(sound
and
X/XI-2,
for broadcasting-satellite
XVlth
service"
(sound
and
Electric
and
Current
Abroad,
frequencies
Commerce,
4. Technical
common
compiled
edition
Washington
documentation
administrations
AC supply
by the
of
1984;
issued
and television
voltages
US Department
by telecommunication
and broadcasting
organi-
zations.
Some
of these
documents
have become
obsolete,
compromise
was aimed
some
of intention.
at in compiling
the
table.
Standard for
VHF UHF Colour
Country
AC supply
Nom. voltage
V
Freq.
Hz
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
D
B
B
Angola
Argentina
Australia
Austria
I
N
B
B
G
G
B
G
SECAM
PAL
PAL
PAL
PAL
PAL
PAL
220/380
220/380
127/220
220/380
220/380
220/380
240/415
220/380
60
50
50
50
50
50
50
B
Bahrein
Bangladesh
Belgium
B
B
B
Benin
Bermudas
Bolivia
K1
M
M
K1
M
SECAM
NTSC
NTSC
Botswana
Brazil
I
M
I
M
PAL
PAL
Brit. Virgin
Islands
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burma
Burundi
M
B
D
K1
M
K1
K
K1
NTSC
PAL
SECAM
SECAM
NTSC
SECAM
K1
PAL
PAL
PAL
230/400
220/380
127/220
220/380
220/380
120/208
220/380
230/400
220/380
127/220
220/380
50/60
50
50
230/400
230/400
220/380
220/380
230/400
220/380
60
50
50
50
50
50
50
60
50
50
60
C
Cameroon
PAL
Canada
NTSC
1) Three.phase
supply
network
without
neutral
127/220
220/380
230/400
120/208
347/600
conductor.
50
Freq.
Hz
K1
K1
M
SECAM
SECAM
NTSC
220/380
220/380
220/380
50
50
50
D
M
D
M
PAL
NTSC
50
60
K1
M
M
B
D
K1
M
M
G
K
SECAM
NTSC
NTSC
SECAM
SECAM
220/380
120/208
150/240
220/380
220/380
240/400
115/200
240/415
220/380
B
K1
PAL
SECAM
220/380
220/380
50
50
NTSC
(127)/220')
60
Ecuador
NTSC
60
Egypt
Equatorial
Guinea
Ethiopia
SECAM
120/208
127/220
220/380
B
B
PAL
PAL
220
220/380
50
50
B
L
G
L
PAL
SECAM
220/380
115/200
127/220
220/380
50
50
K1
K1
SECAM
220/380
50
SECAM
220/380
50
B
B
B
G
G
G
PAL
PAL
PAL
220/380
230/400
240/415
50
50
50
I
G
K1
PAL
SECAM
NTSC
SECAM
240/415
220/380
240/415
220/380
50
50
60
50
I
K
NTSC
NTSC
PAL
SECAM
120/208
(127)/220')
200/346
220/380
60
60
50
50
220/380
230/400
127/220
220/380
220/380
220/380
230/400
127/220
220/380
220/380
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
Congo
Costa Rica
Cuba
Cyprus
Czechoslovakia
50
60
60
50
50
D
Denmark with
Greenland and
Faroes
Djibouti
Dominican
Republic
E
50
F
Finland
France
AC supply
Nom. voltage
K1
K1
M
Plenary
television);
3.
Central
African Rep.
Chad
Chile
China
(People's Rep.)
Colombia
Standard for
VHF UHF Colour
Broadcasting
television)
1986, Report
Country
G
Gabon
German
Democratic
Republic
Germany,
Fed. Rep. of
Ghana
Gibraltar
Great Britain
and Northern
Ireland
Greece
Guatemala
Guinea
B
M
K1
H
Haiti
Honduras
Hongkong
Hungary
M
M
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Ireland
Israel
Italy
B
B
B
B
B
I
B
B
G
G
I
G
G
PAL
PAL
PAL
SECAM
SECAM
PAL
PAL
PAL
Ivory Coast
K1
K1
SECAM
60
50
COUNTRIES
Country
Standard for
VHF UHF Colour
AC supply
Nom. voltage
V
Freq.
Hz
J
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
N
M
B
M
G
NTSC
NTSC
PAL
220/380
(115)/2001)
220/380
Korea (South),
Rep.
Kuweit
(127)/220')
220/380
220/380
60
50
50
PAL
240/415
50
D
K1
K
K1
PAL
SECAM
220/380
220/380
50
50
Saint Christ.
and Nevis
Saudi Arabia
M
B
NTSC
SECAM
60
60
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Singapore
South Africa
K1
B
B
I
K1
G
G
I
SECAM
PAL
PAL
PAL
50
Spain
PAL
50
Sri Lanka
Sudan
Surinam
B
B
M
Sweden
Switzerland
Syria
B
B
B
G
G
G
PAL
PAL
PAL
230/400
127/220
230/400
127/220
230/400
230/400
220/380
240/415
250/433
127/220
220/380
230/400
240/415
127/220
230/400
220/380
220/380
220/380
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
B
B
K1
G
K1
PAL
PAL
SECAM
50
50
50
Tunisia
Turkey
PAU
SECAM
PAL
230/400
220/380
127/220
220/380
127/220
220/380
220/380
50
PAL
240/415
50
220/380
230/400
240/415
(127)/220')
117/200
220/380
50
50
50/60
50
PAL
240/415
50
PAL
200/346
220/380
60
Romania
Rwanda
NTSC
200/346
220/380
240/415
60
PAL
50
L
B
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
I
B
B
Luxemburg
SECAM
PAL
PAL
SECAM
G
L
PAL
SECAM
110/190
220/380
220/380
120/208
127/220
230/400
120/208
220/380
50
50
60
50
M
Madagascar
K1
K1
SECAM
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Mauretania
Mauritius
Mexico
Monaco
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
M
L
G
G
PAL
PAL
PAL
SECAM
PAL
SECAM
SECAM
NTSC
SECAM
PAL
Mongolian
People's Rep.
Montserrat
Morocco
D
M
B
K
G
SECAM
NTSC
SECAM
Mozambique
PAL
M
G
G
127/220
220/380
230/400
230/400
230/400
220/380
240/415
220/380
230/400
127/220
127/220
220/380
220/380
230/400
127/220
220/380
220/380
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
60
50
50
60
50
50
Netherlands
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Norway
B
B
M
K1
B
B
NTSC
G
G
K1
G
PAL
PAL
NTSC
SECAM
PAL
PAL
120/208
127/220
220/380
220/380
230/400
240/415
220/380
230/400
230/400
50/60
50
50
60
50
50
50
PAL
240/415
50
p
Pakistan
Panama
Papua
New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
10
PAL
PAL
NTSC
B
M
G
M
PAL
NTSC
230/400
(127)/220')
50
60
B
N
M
PAL
PAL
NTSC
240/415
220/380
(127)/220')
50
50
60
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
60
50
50
50
50
U
Uganda
United Arab
Emirates
B
B
NTSC
Uruguay
USA
USSR
N
M
D
M
K
PAL
NTSC
SECAM
M
D
M
K
NTSC
SECAM
240/415
127/220
220/380
60
50
PAL
220/380
50
PAL
PAL
230/400
220/380
50
50
SECAM
PAL
PAL
220/380
220/380
230/400
50
50
50
') Three-phase
supply
50
60
50
V
Venezuela
Vietnam
a
Oman
Freq.
Hz
NTSC
SECAM
PAL
AC supply
Nom. voltage
V
K
G
Qatar
Lebanon
Netherland
Antilles
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Standard for
VHF UHF Colour
M
D
B
K
Kenya
Korea (North),
Democrat. Rep.
Country
Yemen (North),
Arab Republic
Yemen (South),
Democr.Rep.
Yugoslavia
B
B
B
Z
Zaire
Zambia
Zimbabwe
K1
B
B
K1
network
without
neutral
conductor.
The following tables indicate group-delay characteristics and - as far as known - their tolerance limits for Nyquist demodulators to
different standards.
These specifications do not necessarily agree with those of the available R&S equipment (refer to relevant data sheet).
Standard
Precorrection
B/G, half
B/G, half
B/G, half
B/G, full
B/G, full
general
Australia
Denmark
Norway
Sweden (A)
Frequency Nominal Tolerance Nominal Tolerance Nominal Tolerance Nominal Tolerance Nominal Tolerance
MHz
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
0.1
0.25
0.5
1.0
2.0
2.25
3.0
3.5
3.6
3.75
4.0
4.43
4.8
0
-5
-53
-90
-75
Reference0
12
-7
-20
12
-56
12
-60
-40
12
0
12
+170
+400
25
90
Reference0
-5
Reference0
Reference0
15
Reference
15
-53
-75
-75
15
+20
20
15
+50
+170
+350
30
15
100
+175
+400
20
75
0
+90
+170
+230
25
+170
+430
D/K, half
PreOIRT,USSR
correction GOST 20532-75
Standard
D/K,
half
CCIR Report 308
D/K, half
OIRT, TK-III-830,
Czechoslovakia
D/K, half
OIRT, TK-III-830,
Hungary
MHz
0.1
0.25
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
3.0
4.0
4.43
5.0
5.5
5.8
6.0
Standard
I, full
-5
-10
-40
-70
-80
-80
-40
0
+80
Reference0
-5
15
15
50
Reference0
12
-40
-87
-85
-50
0
+90
-75
-90
-70
10
20
30
12
30
-75
-90
-70
10
15
20
0
+90
(+175)
(+225)
30
40
I, full
SABC, TVT 12.2
relay receiver
Reference0
40
Reference
12
0
40
20
12
50
0
+40
+100
L, full
PreTDF
correction
Reference
12
12
20
30
K1, full
K', full
Tx. +demodul.
Standard I (left)
20
80
80
Standard
0.1
0.2
2
4
4.43
4.6
4.8
5.0
5.2
5.25
5.5
Reference
10
-40
-53
I, full
PreBBC system
correction without receiver
precorrection
Reference0
10
Reference0
15
0
+15
Reference
15
0
15
30
0
+20
+57.5
15
35
42.5
+90
50
+100
>+100
42.5
+140
+00/-65
Reference
30
30
30
50
0
80
Standard
M, full
Precorrection
M, full
CBC 1976
Tolerance
ns
0
0.1
>0.1
1
2
3
3.53
3.9
4.0
4.18
25
Reference
25
MHz
25
0
Reference I
25
0
0
+170
25
+293
+346
50
100
0
+170
+264
25
15
200
::..
,
\-oJ
Sinewaves
r~
(0.2
~MHz)
,,
I
I'
---
-, t"i
,
\
\
\
,,
~
0.5
(05)
1.0
(1.5)
2.0
(30)
4.0
(4.43)
4.8
(a)
5.8
(0)
MHz
MHz
MHz
MHz
MHz
MHz
ut;
r-'
1/
'-
5 6
11
13
0.668
0.33
15
0.608
O.31
1.00
0.86
0.72
0.65
0.58
Subcarrier
1
I
I
I
225
_____________________________
Yellow
r-I
I
I
L_J
Cyan
0.44
Green
White
1.0
0.30
Magenta
0.94
O.23
'1
14
1670
17
1930
0.84
O.33
0.78
O.31
284
CCIR insertion test signals for (from top to bottom) lines 17 and 18
(in parentheses:
frequencies
of Insertion
Signal Generator
SPZF
standard model) of 1st field and lines 330 and 331 (with and without
staircase)
of 2nd field
76
Blue
0.69
,0.31
2400
1200
0.63
0.53
0.33
Burst
Red
60
3000
-'0.23
104
3470
2560
13
Black
..,r
I I
I I
L...L_
135
225
________________________________
EIA units
\00
(714
mV)
75
While
75
67
33
53
47
1680
Top:
EBU colour-bar signal with 100% saturation and 75% amplitude for
standard BIG, PAL
Centre:
EBU colour-bar signal with 95% saturation and 100% amplitude for
standard I, PAL
Bottom:
FCC/EIA colour-bar signal with 100% saturation and 75% amplitude for standard M, NTSC
,
__________________________________
r-I
I
I
I
I
I
L_J __
WAVEFORM STANDARDS/WEIGHTING
FILTER
J__~_
I
I
I
~
i 1 I
I
L
03-0.1,,5
I
.-.1
-16
MHz
!-
Luminance component
Chrominance component
SIN ratio
(AM+'l'M) rms
(IEC-TCS 60 B)
V chrom (peak-la-peak)
approx. 100 to 500 kHz
The tables
countries,
present
grouped
the definitions
of channels
l~
VSB
for various
by standards.
-10
USB
dB
M,N
-16"y
-20 dB
.J 58 -42
-4 5 _4 75
16J
(Ve, ee,
MHz
dB
-10
cc
;.
"443
-5
16dB
_,13
55
dB
-5 75
."
MHz
MHz
VC
O(JB(synclevel)
VSB
USB
'"
SC
-10 dB
k
Ii'
-20 dB
IOdB
cc
16d61
::;20 dB
125-0750
(O)
('1,25)
Vision
Sound
limits
carrier
carrier
MHz
MHz
MHz
limits
Vision
carrier
Sound
carrier
MHz
MHz
MHz
Vision
Sound
carrier
MHz
carrier
MHz
cable
TV channels
(CATV)