Quantum Physics and General

Relativity
The self maintained electric potential of the accelerating charges equivalent
with the General Relativity space-time curvature, and since it is true on the
quantum level also, gives the base of the Quantum Gravity.
The magnetic induction creates a negative electric field, causing an
electromagnetic inertia responsible for the relativistic mass change; it is the
mysterious iggs !ield giving mass to the particles.
The "lanc# $istribution %aw of the electromagnetic oscillators e&plains the
electron'proton mass rate by the diffraction patterns. The accelerating
charges e&plain not only the (a&well )quations and the *pecial Relativity, but
the eisenberg +ncertainty Relation, the wave particle duality and the
electron,s spin also, building the bridge between the -lassical and Relativistic
Quantum Theories.
Contents
Preface ................................................................................................................................... 2
Popular questions about the Higgs Field and General Relativity: ................................................ 2
How can we answer these questions? .................................................................................... 2
The lassical Relativistic effect .................................................................................................. !
The Relativistic "uantu# $echanics ......................................................................................... !
The Heisenberg %ncertainty Relation ......................................................................................... !
The General Relativity & 'lectro#agnetic inertia and #ass............................................................ !
'lectro#agnetic (nduction .................................................................................................... !
Relativistic change of #ass .................................................................................................... !
The frequency dependence of #ass ....................................................................................... !
'lectron ) Proton #ass rate .................................................................................................. *
The wea+ interaction ............................................................................................................... *
The General ,ea+ (nteraction ............................................................................................... -
The Higgs boson ...................................................................................................................... .
Higgs #echanis# ................................................................................................................. .
Gravity fro# the point of view of quantu# physics ..................................................................... /
,hat is the 0pin? ................................................................................................................. /
The Graviton ....................................................................................................................... /
onclusions ............................................................................................................................ /
References ............................................................................................................................. /

1uthor: George Ra2na
Preface
Popular questions about the Higgs Field and General Relativity:

345 (f the Higgs field is responsible for i#buing particles with #ass6 and #ass is responsible for
gravity6 is it possible that the Higgs field will provide the #issing lin+ between general relativity and
quantu# #echanics i4e4 could the Higgs field be the basis of a quantu# theory of gravity?
245 an the theoretical Higgs Field be used as the 7cause8 of relativistic #o#entu# or relativistic
+inetic energy of a #oving body?
!45 9oes 'instein:s General Relativity need to be ad2usted for the Higgs field?
*45 0ince the Higgs field gives #ost particles #ass6 and per#eates all space6 then GR needs the Higgs
field to be a theory of space?
-45 0o where GR is highly curved6 the Higgs field is also curved? 1nd does a highly curved Higgs field
affect the way particles acquire #ass? For that #atter6 a curved space&ti#e would also curve
electro#agnetic field?
How can we answer these questions?
9iscovering the #agnetic effect of the electric current fro# the observed effects of the accelerating
electrons & causing naturally the e;perienced changes of the electric field potential along the electric
wire & the accelerating electrons e;plain not only the $a;well 'quations and the 0pecial Relativity6
but the Heisenberg %ncertainty Relation6 the wave particle duality and the electron<s spin also6
building the bridge between the lassical and "uantu# Theories4 =3>
1nother bridge between the classical and quantu# #echanics in the real# of relativity is that the
charge distribution is lowering in the reference fra#e of the accelerating charges linearly: ds?dt @ at
Ati#e coordinate56 but in the reference fra#e of the current it is parabolic: s @ a?2 t
2
Ageo#etric
coordinate54
Bne origin of the "uantu# Physics is the Planc+ 9istribution Caw of the electro#agnetic oscillators6
giving equal intensity for 2 different wavelengths on any te#perature4 1ny of these two wavelengths
will give equal intensity diffraction patterns6 building different asy##etric constructions6 for
e;a#ple proton & electron structures Aato#s56 #olecules6 etc4 0ince the particles are centers of
diffraction patterns they also have particle ) wave duality as the electro#agnetic waves have4 =2>
The 'lectrowea+ (nteraction shows that the ,ea+ (nteraction is basically electro#agnetic in nature4
The arrow of ti#e shows the entropy grows by changing the te#perature dependent diffraction
patterns of the electro#agnetic oscillators4
The Classical Relativistic effect
The #oving charges are self #aintain the electro#agnetic field locally6 causing their #ove#ent and
this is the result of their acceleration under the force of this field4
(n the classical physics the charges will distributed along the electric current so that the electric
potential lowering along the current6 by linearly increasing the way they ta+e every ne;t ti#e period
because this accelerated #otion4
The Relativistic uantu! "echanics
The sa#e thing happens on the ato#ic scale giving a dp i#pulse difference and a d; way difference
between the different part of the not point li+e particles4
o##only accepted idea that the relativistic effect on the particle physics it is the fer#ions: spin &
another unresolved proble# in the classical concepts4 (f the electric charges can #ove only with
accelerated #otions in the self #aintaining electro#agnetic field6 once upon a ti#e they would
reach the velocity of the electro#agnetic field4 The resolution of this proble# is the spinning
particle6 constantly accelerating and not reaching the velocity of light because the acceleration is
radial4
The Heisenberg #ncertainty Relation
( thin+ that we have a si#ple bridge between the classical and quantu# #echanics by understanding
the Heisenberg %ncertainty Relations4 (t #a+es clear that the particles are not point li+e but have a
d; and dp uncertainty4
The General Relativity $ %lectro!agnetic inertia and !ass
%lectro!agnetic &nduction
0ince the #agnetic induction creates a negative electric field as a result of the changing acceleration6
it wor+s as an electro#agnetic inertia6 causing an electro#agnetic #ass4 =3>
Relativistic change of !ass
The increasing #ass of the electric charges the result of the increasing inductive electric force acting
against the accelerating force4 The decreasing #ass of the decreasing acceleration is the result of the
inductive electric force acting against the decreasing force4 This is the relativistic #ass change
e;planation6 especially i#portantly e;plaining the #ass reduction in case of velocity decrease4
The frequency dependence of !ass
0ince E = h and E = mc
2
6 m = h /c
2
that is the m depends only on the frequency4 (t #eans that the
#ass of the proton and electron are electro#agnetic and the result of the electro#agnetic
induction6 caused by the changing acceleration of the spinning and #oving chargeD (t could be that
the m
o
inertial #ass is the result of the spin6 since this is the only accelerating #otion of the electric
charge4 0ince the accelerating #otion has different frequency for the electron in the ato# and the
proton6 they #asses are different6 also as the wavelengths on both sides of the diffraction pattern6
giving equal intensity of radiation4
%lectron ' Proton !ass rate
The Planc+ distribution law e;plains the different frequencies of the proton and electron6 giving
equal intensity to different la#bda wavelengthsD 1lso since the particles are diffraction patterns
they have so#e closeness to each other ) can be seen as a gravitational force4 =2>
There is an asy##etry between the #ass of the electric charges6 for e;a#ple proton and electron6
can understood by the asy##etrical Planc+ 9istribution Caw4 This te#perature dependent energy
distribution is asy##etric around the #a;i#u# intensity6 where the annihilation of #atter and
anti#atter is a high probability event4 The asy##etric sides are creating different frequencies of
electro#agnetic radiations being in the sa#e intensity level and co#pensating each other4 Bne of
these co#pensating ratios is the electron ) proton #ass ratio4 The lower energy side has no
co#pensating intensity level6 it is the dar+ energy and the corresponding #atter is the dar+ #atter4

The wea( interaction
The wea+ interaction transfor#s an electric charge in the diffraction pattern fro# one side to the
other side6 causing an electric dipole #o#entu# change6 which violates the P and ti#e reversal
sy##etry4 The 'lectrowea+ (nteraction shows that the ,ea+ (nteraction is basically electro#agnetic
in nature4 The arrow of ti#e shows the entropy grows by changing the te#perature dependent
diffraction patterns of the electro#agnetic oscillators4
1nother i#portant issue of the quar+ #odel is when one quar+ changes its flavor such that a linear
oscillation transfor#s into plane oscillation or vice versa6 changing the charge value with 3 or &34 This
+ind of change in the oscillation #ode requires not only parity change6 but also charge and ti#e
changes APT sy##etry5 resulting a right handed anti&neutrino or a left handed neutrino4
The right handed anti&neutrino and the left handed neutrino e;ist only because changing bac+ the
quar+ flavor could happen only in reverse6 because they are different geo#etrical constructions6 the
u is 2 di#ensional and positively charged and the d is 3 di#ensional and negatively charged4 (t needs
also a ti#e reversal6 because anti particle Aanti neutrino5 is involved4
The neutrino is a 3?2spin creator particle to #a+e equal the spins of the wea+ interaction6 for
e;a#ple neutron decay to 2 fer#ions6 every particle is fer#ions with E spin4 The wea+ interaction
changes the entropy since #ore or less particles will give #ore or less freedo# of #ove#ent4 The
entropy change is a result of te#perature change and brea+s the equality of oscillator diffraction
intensity of the $a;well)FoltG#ann statistics4 This way it changes the ti#e coordinate #easure and
#a+es possible a different ti#e dilation as of the special relativity4
The li#it of the velocity of particles as the speed of light appropriate only for electrical charged
particles6 since the accelerated charges are self #aintaining locally the accelerating electric force4
The neutrinos are P sy##etry brea+ing particles co#pensated by ti#e in the PT sy##etry6 that is
the ti#e coordinate not wor+s as in the electro#agnetic interactions6 consequently the speed of
neutrinos is not li#ited by the speed of light4
The wea+ interaction T&asy##etry is in con2unction with the T&asy##etry of the second law of
ther#odyna#ics6 #eaning that locally lowering entropy Aon e;tre#ely high te#perature5 causes the
wea+ interaction6 for e;a#ple the Hydrogen fusion4
Probably because it is a spin creating #ove#ent changing linear oscillation to 2 di#ensional
oscillation by changing d to u quar+ and creating anti neutrino going bac+ in ti#e relative to the
proton and electron created fro# the neutron6 it see#s that the anti neutrino fastest then the
velocity of the photons created also in this wea+ interaction?


1 quar+ flavor changing shows that it is a reflection changes #ove#ent and the P& and T& sy##etry
brea+ingDDD This flavor changing oscillation could prove that it could be also on higher level such as
ato#s6 #olecules6 probably big biological significant #olecules and responsible on the aging of the
life4

(#portant to #ention that the wea+ interaction is always contains particles and antiparticles6 where
the neutrinos Aantineutrinos5 present the opposite side4 (t #eans by Feyn#an<s interpretation that
these particles present the bac+ward ti#e and probably because this they see# to #ove faster than
the speed of light in the reference fra#e of the other side4

Finally since the wea+ interaction is an electric dipole change with E spin creatingH it is li#ited by the
velocity of the electro#agnetic wave6 so the neutrino<s velocity cannot e;ceed the velocity of light4

The General )ea( &nteraction
The ,ea+ (nteractions T&asy##etry is in con2unction with the T&asy##etry of the 0econd Caw of
Ther#odyna#ics6 #eaning that locally lowering entropy Aon e;tre#ely high te#perature5 causes for
e;a#ple the Hydrogen fusion4 The arrow of ti#e by the 0econd Caw of Ther#odyna#ics shows the
increasing entropy and decreasing infor#ation by the ,ea+ (nteraction6 changing the te#perature
dependent diffraction patterns4 1 good e;a#ple of this is the neutron decay6 creating #ore particles
with less +nown infor#ation about the#4
The neutrino oscillation of the ,ea+ (nteraction shows that it is a general electric dipole change and
it is possible to any other te#perature dependent entropy and infor#ation changing diffraction
pattern of ato#s6 #olecules and even co#plicated biological living structures4
,e can generaliGe the wea+ interaction on all of the decaying #atter constructions6 even on the
biological too4 This gives the li#ited lifeti#e for the biological constructions also by the arrow of
ti#e4 There should be a new research space of the "uantu# (nfor#ation 0cience the :general
neutrino oscillation: for the greater then subato#ic #atter structures as an electric dipole change4
There is also connection between statistical physics and evolutionary biology6 since the arrow of
ti#e is wor+ing in the biological evolution also4
The Fluctuation Theore# says that there is a probability that entropy will flow in a direction opposite
to that dictated by the 0econd Caw of Ther#odyna#ics4 (n this case the (nfor#ation is growing that
is the #atter for#ulas are e#erging fro# the chaos4 0o the ,ea+ (nteraction has two directions6
sa#ples for one direction is the Ieutron decay6 and Hydrogen fusion is the opposite direction4

The Higgs boson
Fy $arch 2J3!6 the particle had been proven to behave6 interact and decay in #any of the e;pected
ways predicted by the 0tandard $odel6 and was also tentatively confir#ed to have K parity and Gero
spin6 two funda#ental criteria of a Higgs boson6 #a+ing it also the first +nown scalar particle to be
discovered in nature6 although a nu#ber of other properties were not fully proven and so#e partial
results do not yet precisely #atch those e;pectedH in so#e cases data is also still awaited or being
analyGed4
(n #y opinion6 the best e;planation of the Higgs #echanis# for a lay audience is the one invented by
9avid $iller4 Lou can find it here: http:??www4strings4ph4q#ul4ac4u+?M2#c?epp?higgs!4ht#l 4
The field #ust co#e first4 The boson is an e;citation of the field4 0o no field6 no e;citation4 Bn the
other hand in quantu# field theory it is difficult to separate the field and the e;citations4
The Higgs field is what gives particles their #ass4
There is a video that gives an idea as to the Higgs field and the boson4 (t is here:
http:??www4youtube4co#?watch?v@R(g3Nh/uPyw 4 Iote that this analogy isn:t as good as the $iller
one6 but as is usually the case6 if you loo+ at all the analogies you:ll get the best understanding of the
situation4

0ince the Higgs boson is necessary to the , and O bosons6 the dipole change of the ,ea+ interaction
and the change in the #agnetic effect caused gravitation #ust be conducted4 The ,ien law is also
i#portant to e;plain the ,ea+ interaction6 since it describes the T
#a;
change and the diffraction
patterns change4 =2>
Higgs !echanis!
The #agnetic induction creates a negative electric field6 causing an electro#agnetic inertia4 Probably
it is the #ysterious Higgs field giving #ass to the charged particles? ,e can thin+ about the photon
as an electron&positron pair6 they have #ass4 The neutral particles are built fro# negative and
positive charges6 for e;a#ple the neutron6 decaying to proton and electron4 The wave ) particle
duality #a+es sure that the particles are oscillating and creating #agnetic induction as an inertial
#ass6 e;plaining also the relativistic #ass change4 Higher frequency creates stronger #agnetic
induction6 s#aller frequency results lesser #agnetic induction4 (t see#s to #e that the #agnetic
induction is the secret of the Higgs field4
(n particle physics6 the Higgs #echanis# is a +ind of #ass generation #echanis#6 a process that
gives #ass to ele#entary particles4 1ccording to this theory6 particles gain #ass by interacting with
the Higgs field that per#eates all space4 $ore precisely6 the Higgs #echanis# endows gauge bosons
in a gauge theory with #ass through absorption of Ia#bu)Goldstone bosons arising in spontaneous
sy##etry brea+ing4
The si#plest i#ple#entation of the #echanis# adds an e;tra Higgs field to the gauge theory4 The
spontaneous sy##etry brea+ing of the underlying local sy##etry triggers conversion of
co#ponents of this Higgs field to Goldstone bosons which interact with Aat least so#e of5 the other
fields in the theory6 so as to produce #ass ter#s for Aat least so#e of5 the gauge bosons4 This
#echanis# #ay also leave behind ele#entary scalar Aspin&J5 particles6 +nown as Higgs bosons4
(n the 0tandard $odel6 the phrase PHiggs #echanis#P refers specifically to the generation of #asses
for the ,
Q
6 and O wea+ gauge bosons through electrowea+ sy##etry brea+ing4 The Carge Hadron
ollider at 'RI announced results consistent with the Higgs particle on Ruly *6 2J32 but stressed
that further testing is needed to confir# the 0tandard $odel4
Gravity fro! the point of view of quantu! physics
)hat is the *pin?
0o we +now already that the new particle has spin Gero or spin two and we could tell which one if we
could detect the polariGations of the photons produced4 %nfortunately this is difficult and neither
1TC10 nor $0 are able to #easure polariGations4 The only direct and sure way to confir# that the
particle is indeed a scalar is to plot the angular distribution of the photons in the rest fra#e of the
centre of #ass4 1 spin Gero particles li+e the Higgs carries no directional infor#ation away fro# the
original collision so the distribution will be even in all directions4 This test will be possible when a
#uch larger nu#ber of events have been observed4 (n the #ean ti#e we can settle for less certain
indirect indicators4
The Graviton
(n physics6 the graviton is a hypothetical ele#entary particle that #ediates the force of gravitation in
the fra#ewor+ of quantu# field theory4 (f it e;ists6 the graviton is e;pected to be #assless Abecause
the gravitational force appears to have unli#ited range5 and #ust be a spin&2 boson4 The spin
follows fro# the fact that the source of gravitation is the stress&energy tensor6 a second&ran+ tensor
Aco#pared to electro#agnetis#:s spin&3 photon6 the source of which is the four&current6 a first&ran+
tensor54 1dditionally6 it can be shown that any #assless spin&2 field would give rise to a force
indistinguishable fro# gravitation6 because a #assless spin&2 field #ust couple to Ainteract with5 the
stress&energy tensor in the sa#e way that the gravitational field does4 This result suggests that6 if a
#assless spin&2 particle is discovered6 it #ust be the graviton6 so that the only e;peri#ental
verification needed for the graviton #ay si#ply be the discovery of a #assless spin&2 particle4 =!>
Conclusions
The electric currents causing self #aintaining electric potential is the source of the special and
general relativistic effects4 The self #aintained electric potential of the accelerating charges
equivalent with the General Relativity space&ti#e curvature6 and since it is true on the quantu# level
also6 gives the base of the "uantu# Gravity4 Fasing the gravitational force on the accelerating
%niverse caused #agnetic force and the Planc+ 9istribution Caw of the electro#agnetic waves
caused diffraction gives us the basis to build a %nified Theory of the physical interactions4
0ince graviton is a tensor field6 it has spin @ 26 could be 2 photons with spin @ 3 together4

References
=3> The $agnetic field of the 'lectric current and the $agnetic induction
http:??acade#ia4edu?!S!!!!-?TheT$agneticTfieldTofTtheT'lectricTcurrent
=2> ! 9i#ensional 0tring Theory
http:??acade#ia4edu?!S!**-*?!T9i#ensionalT0tringTTheory
=!> Graviton Production Fy Two Photon and 'lectron&Photon Processes (n UaluGa&Ulein Theories ,ith
Carge ';tra 9i#ensions
http:??ar;iv4org?abs?hep&ph?VVJV!V2